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https://archive.org/details/princetonseminar 1811 prin The Princeton Seminary Bulletin

Published Quarterly by the Trustees of the Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian Church

Entered as second class matter. May 1, 1907, at the post office at Princeton, N. J., under the Act of Congress of July 16, 1894.

Vol. XVIII PRINCETON, N. J., May, 1924 No. 1

The One Hundred and Twelfth Commencement

The exercises of the One Hundred and Twelfth Annual Commencement of the Seminary were held on Sunday, Monday and Tuesday, May the 4th, 5th, and 6th. On Sunday morning at eleven o’clock, in Miller Chapel, the ser-

mon was delivered by the Rev. J. Ross Stevenson, D. D., LL. D., President of the Seminary, and was followed by the celebration of the Lord’s Supper. At three o’clock in the afternoon fellowship meetings of the Class of 1924 and of the graduate students were held. At half-past seven in the evening, in the First Presbyterian Church, a union service was held in which the First and Second Presbyterian Churches and the Methodist Church of Princeton united with the Seminary. After a choral service provided by the Seminary chorus, the sermon was preached by the Rev. W. Courtland Robinson, D. D., of Dehli, New York, a graduate of the class of 1891, and a Director of the Seminary. On Monday, May the 5th, at two o’clock, the Board of Directors of the Seminary met in Alexander Hall. Among the important actions taken at this meeting was the election of the Rev. David DeForest Burrell, D. D., as a Di- rector of the Seminary. Dr. Burrell is a graduate of the class of 1901, and is at present pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Williamsport, Pa. He is a

son of the Rev. David J. Burrell, D. D., LL. D., minister of the Marble Col- legiate Church, New York City. On the evening of Monday a large number of graduates held class reun- ions and alumni dinners were also given a number of the clubs. ; by Seminary The One Hundred and Twelfth Commencement proper was held in the First Presbyterian Church of Princeton on Tuesday morning, May the 6th, at half past ten o’clock. The President of the Board of Directors, the Rev. Mait- land Alexander, D. D., LL. D., presided and made the invocation. Impressive musical selections were rendered by the Seminary chorus under the able direc- tion of the Rev. F. D. Jenkins. Prayer was offered by the Rev. Ethelbert D. Warfield, D. D., LL. D., President of Wilson College, Chambersburg, Pa. The

address of the morning was delivered by the Rev. David J. Burrell, D. D., LL. D., of New York City. The address appears in full in other columns of the Seminary Bulletin.

The address was followed by the announcement of the Fellowship and Prizes by the Secretary of the Board of Directors, the Rev. Sylvester W. Beach, D. D. They are as follows: : :

2 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN

The Alumni Fellowship in New Testament John Thomas Lyon and the Archibald Robertson Scholarship to Harvey Hutcheson McClellan Harold Elliott Nicely. Hugh Cameron McClure The William Henry Green Fellowship in Burton Metzler Semitic Philology to Andrew Stephen Lay- Philip Sheridan Miller man. William McFarlane Mitchell The Gelston-Winthrop Fellowship in Apolo- Cecil Van Horn Morris getics to James Manning Potts. Hyek Namkung The Gelston-Winthrop Fellowship in Syste- Harold Elliott Nicely matic Theology to Cornelius Van Til. James Manning Potts The First Scribner Prize in New Testament John Clement Russell Literature to Philip Sheridan Miller. Frederick Schweitzer The Benjamin Stanton Prize in Old Testa- Edwin Luke Shelling ment Literature to Jarvis Scobey Morris. Henry Pierce Simpson The Robert L. Maitland Prize in New Testa- William Kyle Smith ment Exegesis to Samuel Vogt Gapp. Foster Boyd Statler The Second Robert L. Maitland Prize to Cornelius Van Til Warren Scott Reeve. Morris Zutrau The Archibald Alexander Hodge Prize in A diploma of the Seminary was also granted Systematic Theology to John Jacob DeWaard. to Archibald Campbell as of the Class of 1916, The Second Archibald Alexander Hodge inasmuch as he had completed the academic Prize to Lloyd George Ice. requirements therefor. Thanksgiving Prize in the History of Doc- The degree of Master of Theology trine to Jarvis Scobey Morris. was conferred upon the following stu- degree of Bachelor of Theology The dents who held the degree of A. B., or conferred upon the following stu- was its academic equivalent and the degree dents held the degree of A. B., or who of Th. B., or its theological equivalent, ap- its academic equivalent from an from approved institutions and who proved institution, and who had com- had completed the course of study pre- prescribed pleted the course of study scribed therefor in this Seminary this Seminary therefor in Hugh Elmer Bradshaw

Charles Howard Ainley, Jr. Clifford Wesley Collins Alton Bowman Altfather Isaac Couwenhoven William Martin Alwynse Bruce Alexander Cumming William Davies Amos Herman Harry Dykhouse Arthur Paige Baskerville Peter George Dykhuisen John Botty Weaver Keith Eubank Edwin Ray Cameron William Henry Flurkey John Beverly Crowell Clarence Edward Getz Henry Lewis Cutler Elmer Paul Gieser David Hobart Evans William John Giffin John Lloyd Evans Charles Earl Graf Clarence Edward Getz Elton J. Holtrop Elmer Paul Gieser Jacob Henry Joldersma John Randolph Glassey Renwick Carlisle Kennedy George Bradley Hammond Hyek Namkung Charles Roy Harper Charles Vincent Reeder Elmer George Homrighausen Paul Lanterman Rider John Edward Johnson Frederick Schweitzer Andrew Stephen Layman Keikichi Shirai Paul Joseph Leavens Albert Henry Smit Abram Miller Long Kazuo Takahashi THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN Yancy Samuel Thompson ment of the library and for the pro- John Ulverstone Selwyn Toms posed new commons. President John Edwin Wildasin Stev- enson also Gerben Zylstra called attention to the in- creased number of students and to the The address to the Graduating Class prospects for an even larger attendance was then delivered by the President of next year. the Seminary. At three o’clock, in the Reference Li- The Annual Meeting of the Prince- brary, was held the meeting of the ton Theological Seminary Alumni As- Board of Trustees. The exercises of sociation was held at twelve-thirty p. the day were closed by the reception m. in Stuart Hall. The Rev. Stuart given by President and Mrs. Steven- Nye Hutchison, ’03, presided. Officers son at “Springdale,” at four o’clock, to for the coming year were elected as the Graduating Class, the Alumni and

, follows : The Rev. Charles L. Candee, their friends. D. D., ’98, President, the Rev. John T. Reeve, D. D., ’00, Vice-President, the •The Conditions Rev. Robert M. Russell, ’15, Secretary, of a Successful he Rev. Charles R Erdman, D. D., ’91, Ministry Treasurer; and as additional members |,)f the Executive Committee: the Rev. Address to the Graduating Class de-

j . B. F. livered by the Rev. Hallock, D. D., ’85, the Rev. David J. Burrell D. daitland V. Bartlett, ’95, the Rev. Wm. D., LL. D. JU McCormick, ’05, the Rev. Peter K. I have thought it possible that the members limmons, T5. Addresses were deliv- of the Graduating Class might care to know red by the Rev. Maitland Alexander, how the ministry looks to one who has spent ). D., and the Dr. Robert E. Speer. somewhat Dr. more than half a century in it. Alexander had just celebrated It the Seems a happy dream,—a dream of a wenty-fifth anniversary of his pas- journey over an undulating country, uphill Drate in the First Presbyterian Church and down dale, through alternating storm and sunshine, but always with f Pittsburgh, Pa. He spoke on the God’s goodness go- ing on before, a pillar of cloud by day and jubject of “Princeton Seminary’s of fire by night, to lead the way. And out raining of the for the Home Pastorate.” Dr. past, like the seven well favored and fat peer spoke on fleshed “The V ider Service of kine in Pharaoh s dream, there issue ie Seminary.” some conclusions that may be helpful to those who are not President Stevenson was introduced indisposed to learn from the ex- perience of another and an older man. y Dr. Hutchison and called attention First, the importance of living by faith. > the steady increase in the income The early Christians were derisively called the Seminary during the past ten Solefidians,” that is, misguided people who :ars, due to better investments and to live by faith alone. The term has long been e large increase in endowment obsolete; funds, more’s the pity, since it indicates a his, corresponding however, was only adequate to decline in Christian life and eet character. higher expenditures and the in- One eased cost of living. Larger funds of our Lord’s searching questions was “How much is a man better than ill be needed in the near future a sheep?” to Well, how much better is he? By precisely so ovide for pensions, for the enlarg- much as is indicated by his apprehension of ;

4 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN

things unseen and eternal. This is the border them to see it. Easy goers lead no forlorr line that differentiates us from all the lower hopes. It is men who have dreams of thei) orders of life. A sheep has five senses; a man own and by faith see visions of the unseen, i

has six. It is by faith his sixth sense, that be- is such men as these that make the world gi

ing made in God’s likeness he can, as Kepler round and roll with every revolution a littli said, “think God’s thoughts after him.” It is further into the light of the Golden Age “ by this that he dreams dreams and sees visions “Here I stand” says every true Christian, ” of things that lie beyond the horizons of flesh- cannot do otherwise ; God help me 1 ly sight. It is by Faith that he draws near to Third, I see clearly, in the glamour of th God and bows the knee before him in prayer. years gone by, that Chanty must he yoket It is by Faith that he anticipates heaven and with Fidelity if we are to measure up to th eternal felicity. Wherefore it devolves upon mind of Christ. him to keep this sixth sense or faculty of the The problem is, How to differ with other soul in good repair and working order lest and keep sweet; and the answer is, Christ. B it become atrophied and perish by disuse. him I am enjoined to do my own thinking young brethren, “nail this down,” And— (My but by the same token, to let others do like as Lyman Beecher used to say:) it is feeble wise. It is a big world that we are living ir to endeavor to prove any spiritual fact by the The thoroughfares are wide enough for man i “scientific method,” that is by evidence lying to go abreast without jostling: provided eaci the of the physical’ within evidence five senses keeps his place. “Fences make good neigh as vain as to undertake to see with one’s ears bors.” or hear with one’s eyes. Spiritual things are Fourth, The past inclines me to a deepe spiritually discerned. sense of dependence on God. “Of my self

: importance of fidelity gains Second The can do nothing; I can do all things throug emphasis as the years pass. It so happens that him that strengtheneth me.” just fifty-three years I refused ordi- ago was And just here is where I would seek a clos nation the Presbytery for by of New York er acquaintance with the Third Person of th declining to promise that I would “maintain ineffable Godhead. For it is the Holy Spir the doctrinal of the and defend” symbols de- with whom have officially to do and pa: we ; I enter. nomination which proposed to But ticularly those who, as ministers, claim to b why should a believer not be expected to official ambassadors and witnesses for Chris “maintain and his belief? are defend” We I have reason to thank God for a clos living in piping times peace. of “Say nothing, friendship in my early life with that prince c do nothing, that by any means could provoke Evangelists, Mr. Moody. “Young man,” h controversy in the ranks for controversy ; used to say to me in my student days, “Youn !” means division, a drawing of the lines and, man, be sure you honor the Holy Ghost in who knows? perhaps a schism the church.” In the Chicago fire of 1872, his home an Well, what if it does. I am responsible for his preaching station, Farwell Hall, wet duty results are with God. ; burned out and he was left high and dry. 0

We have been talking up “Church union” so an eastward bound train he continued i long that the historical fact that every great prayer saying, “O, Lord, I have never bee

forward movement in Christian civilization has what I ought to be, I never have realized m been divisive— that is, by schism and not by ideal of service. Help me now to begin a getting together,—has almost escaped us. over again. Baptize me with power. Com !” Spirit, The belligerent spirit of course is out of Holy Come harmony with the spirit of Christ, but not On reaching New York he found quarte:

more so than the happy-go-lucky attitude of in the old Metropolitan Flotel, where, all tl tolerance toward error which is one of the following day, he kept on praying the san “liberal” characteristics o c our time. There prayer, “O God! give me power! Fill me wit never would have been a “Reformation” but zeal and a passion for souls. Come, Ho for certain protest-ants who were willing if Spirit, Come !” Late in the afternoon Majc necessary to part company with friends and Whittle knocked at his door and, receiving n kinsfolk in the interest of truth as God gave response but hearing a voice within, threw :

THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 5

open. There stood Mr. Moody in the middle gods ; but the nearest approach to the Gospel of the room, with face uplifted and bathed in was in one altar dedicated “To the Unknown

tears, saying over and over “No more ! My God”: and that was a long ways off. The ” Lord, no more 1 He had received the bless- Christian message was this : “Him whom ye

ing. The Holy Ghost had come in power and thus ignorantly worship declare I unto you.” filled him to the lips. And thereafter, in his In those words the great Apostle, beckoned to evangelistic tours in America and across the the devout philosophers who stood on the other seas, he reaped such harvests as never before. side of an immense chasm, shading their eyes Souls came flocking to Christ, as doves to in a futile quest of the unknown God, to cross

their windows. over by the only bridge and find him : as Christ

Fifth, but while experience teaches depend- himself had said, “He that hath seen me hath

ence on God, it teaches also with increasing seen the Father.”

emphasis our need of Independence of all Let us make no mistake : the sum total of save God. Christianity is God manifest in Christ. To ac- A man is never at his best until he has cept that, with a faith that inevitably trans-

. learned to stand alone,—that is to say, alone, lates itself into the terms of common life, is

with God. For one with God is always a ma- to be a Christian. To reject it is, at best, to jority, I am a cipher: so is every other man; a keep on searching for God and never finding thousand ciphers all in line are nothing. But him. All the “fundamentals follow, pro or t God is a unit, the great Integer, the only One contra; the supernatural birth, the wonderful in the Universe. Put that Unit before your life, the atoning death, the empty sepulchre, ciphers and you have a thousand, a million, an the reign in glory and the abiding presence.

. unconquerable host. “So shall one chase a Our religion is simply a personal equation, thousand and two put ten thousand to flight.” Christ is everything—or nothing. The branch (Deut. 32:30.) that is not vitally joined with the vine is spir-

Sixth, with this increasing sense of depend- itually dead. If Christ is not God, as he ence on God and independence of all others, claimed to be, he is an imposter. There is no there comes a growing consciousness of the “neutral ground.” There is no “middle of Interdependence of all true Members of the the road.” To those who believe, he is Alpha body of Christ. and Omega, the beginning and the end of

This is the definition of the Church within everything that makes life worth living; first, the Church; “Members of the body of Christ,” last, midst and all in all.

1 1 Not all professing Christians are thus vitally Seventh, the only trustworthy authority of joined with Christ as tentable members of his Christian faith is in the inerrant Word of body. There is a visible Church, made up of God. names written on a roster; and there is an in- We must find authority somewhere, as a visible Church made up of names written in matter of course. And the only proposed or the Lamb’s Book of Life. Wheat and tares conceivable sources of authority in spiritual and “the tares and the wheat must grow to- things are three. To begin with, the “inner

gether” in the same field, “until the great day.” consciousness.” This might answer if all Meanwhile, it behooves us to understand minds cast in infallible mold but were one ; that a religious man is not necessarily a unfortunately none is infallible and no two Christian. There are many religions but only are alike. The line of least resistance leads one Christianity. All men are religious in a from the fallible ego to a vocal Memnon way, by virtue of their divine birthright but ; speaking for a church grotesquely claiming to most men, alas ! are far from Christian faith. be semper idem and calling himself the “infalli- The difference is a vital one. Religion is ble vicar of God.” This relieves a man of do-

seeking God : Christianity is finding God— ing any thinking of his own but leaves him and finding him in Christ. a mere homunculus. Nothing remains but the The men of Athens, as Paul said, were “ex- Bible as the veritable Word of God. ceedingly religious ;” but there was probably Is Protestantism then “the religion of a not a Christian among them. There were al- Book?” Why not? Shall we as Americans tars on every hand,—altars to all the Olympian blush for our devotion to a Constitution? Are ;

6 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN

not “hide we bound” by certain old parch- this moment casting about for something bet- ments which regard we as ultimate authority in ter with which to supplant it.” That was a things political? Aye, but “the scriptures are long time ago; and men like Chesterfield have not inerrant.” Granted : that is, in current been vainly casting about for a substitute. versions. The Bible has been handed down Meanwhile the Gospel is still the only hope of for thousands of years and is translated into sinners and the Bible is the “best seller” in five or six hundred languages. It is not the book markets of the world. Fear not; claimed that any of these versions or trans- therefore lations is an exact copy of the original, but the discrepancies are so slight as to force a con- “Th’ eternal step of progress beats viction, on the one hand, that the book has To that great anthem, calm and slow, been safeguarded through the centuries by a Which God repeats.

special providence and, on the other, that the God works in all things all ; obey original autograph was perfect or inerrant : as His first propulsion from the night. it claimed be. to “All scripture is given by in- Wake thou, and watch. The world is grey !” spiration.” The word inspiration is literally With morning light breathed-of-God. God could not breathe a lie.

But “what advantage is it to believe in the Finally; for this cause, my young brethren, infallibility of a parchment which no living “I bow my knees unto the Father of our Lord man has ever seen?” Much, every way. The Jesus Christ, of whom the whole family ac- objection proves too much. Suppose we ask, cording to the riches of his glory to be “Why should we believe in the divine perfec- strengthened with all might by his Spirit in tion of Christ, who lived only thirty years in a the inner man, that Christ may dwell in your remote corner of the world and then disap- hearts by faith, that ye being rooted and

peared?” No living man has ever seen him: all grounded in love may be able to comprehend current versions of his life and character are with all saints what is the length and breadth imperfect; yet the bottom would fall out of and depth and height and to know the love of

the faith of the whole Christian world if it did God that passeth knowledge, that ye might not implicitly believe in the sinless perfection be filled with all the fulness of God.” of the God-man who lived nineteen hundred years ago.

The reason why the assaults of unbelief are Plans of the Graduating Class so persistently aimed at the trustworthiness of So far as ascertained the plans of the Scripture is because the world knows, the members of the graduating class whether or no all Christians so understand it, are as follows that the Bible is the Citadel of our faith. In

this there is nothing or peculiar to modern C. H. Ainley, Jr., Foreign Missions in Mex- any time. It was the primal temptation of the ico. adversary, who, as Milton says, “sat squat at A. B. Altfather, Presbyterian Church, Falls the ear of Eve,” whispering, “Yea, hath God Church, Va. said?” And that specious suggestion has been W. M. Alwynse, not yet determined. the ruin of countless souls to this day. W. D. Amos, Presbyterian Church, Liber-

In the dark period of the Encyclopedia in ty Corners, N. J. France, the high tide of unbelief, Lord Ches- A. P. Baskerville, not yet determined.

terfield, while being entertained at the table of J. Botty, further study. a learned infidel, was asked by his hostess, E. R. Cameron, further study.

“How is it that in this age of progress the J. B. Crowell, Director of Religious Educa- so called Gospel of the Crucified Nazarene is tion, First Presbyterian Church, Norristown, still cherished by your enlightened nation as Pa. its established faith?” To which he replied H. L. Cutler, Presbyterian Church, Mauch

apologetically “Madam it is a mere temporary Chunk, Pa. makeshift. We mean to better ourselves as D. H. Evans, Presbyterian Church, Doe

soon as possible ; and I assure you we are at Run, Pa. :

THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 7

J. L. Evans, Presbyterian Church, Nelson- not have time to hear all he would like ville, Ohio. and that he must make selection. C. E. Getz, Christ Presbyterian Church, The following list of names and sub- Trenton, N. J. jects indicates how full and rich the E. P. Gieser, Foreign Missions. opportunity of the Seminary has been J. R. Glassey, Professor of Bible, Hastings College. during the past session to know cur- G. B. Hammond, Foreign Missions in Mex- rent Christian thought and activities. ico. C. R. Harper, Foreign Missions in Brazil. Upon invitation of the Faculty the E. C. Homrighausen, further study. following ministers preached in Miller J. E. Johnson, Navy Chaplaincy. A. S. Layman, further study. Chapel

P. J. Leavens, Foreign Missions in Mexico. The Rev. A. Faulkner, D.D., of Drew A. M. Long, not yet determined. J. Seminary, Madison, N. J. J. T. Lyon, Foreign Missions. The Rev. George Brewer, D.D., of Detroit, H. H. McClellan, Foreign Missions in Egypt. Mich. H. C. McClure, Presbyterian Church, Dur- The Rev. W. S. P. Bryan, D.D., of Chicago, ango, Colo.

111 . B. Metzler, further study. The Rev. Charles F. Wishart, D.D., Moder- P. S. Miller, teaching, Lincoln University, ator of the General Assembly. Pa. The Rev. Harry W. Myers, D.D., of Japan. W. M. Mitchell, Westminster Presbyterian The Rev. John E. Bushnell, D.D., of Min- Church, Allentown, Pa. neapolis, Minn. C. V. Morris, Foreign Missions. The Rev. Franklin B. Dwight, D.D., of Hyek Namkung, return to Korea. Princeton, N. H. E. Nicely, Assistant Pastor, South Pres- J. The Rev. John M. Vander Meulen, D.D., of byterian Church, Syracuse, N. Y. Louiville, Ky. J. M. Potts, further study. The Rev. Clarence E. Macartney, D.D., of J. C. Russell, East Lake Presbyterian Philadelphia, Pa. Church, Wilmington, Del. The Rev. George Johnson, D.D., of Lincoln E. L. Shelling, not yet determined. University, Pa. H. P. Simpson, not yet determined. The Rev. Samuel Callen, D.D., of Louis- W. K. Smith, Foreign Missions in Brazil. ville, Ky. E. B. Statler, not yet determined. The Rev. Louis M. Sweet, Ph.D., of New C. Van Til, further study. York City. M. Zutrau, Pilgrim Presbyterian Church, The Rev. J. Porter Smith, D.D., of Brazil. Trenton, N. J. The Rev. C. Waldo Cherry, D.D., of Har- G. L. Willets, First Presbyterian Church, risburg, Pa. Catasauqua, Pa.

A special day of prayer was observed Visiting Preachers and Lecturers on February 5th, with an early morn- ing communion service conducted by One of the privileges of life in President Stevenson, with an address Princeton is the opportunity to hear so at eleven o’clock by the Rev. Melvin man}'' who are eminent in their own Trotter of Grand Rapids, Mich., and special spheres in the intellectual and with an evening service conducted by spiritual life of the world. The Uni- Professor Charles R. Erdman. versity brings so large a number of dis- Addresses have been delivered be- tinguished speakers to Princeton that fore the Seminary on various phases of the student soon learns that he does religious life and work by the Rev. ;

8 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN

Thomas Nightingale of England, on Candidate Secretary of the Board of “The Work of the National Council of Foreign Missions the Rev. S. M. Shoe- ; United Free Churches of England”; maker, Secretary of the Philadelphian the Rev. Harris E. Kirk, D. D., of Bal- Society, Princeton University, on “Per- timore, on “The Underworld of the sonal Evangelism.” Mind”; the Rev. F. N. D. Buchman At the meeting for the presentation

of New York, on “The New Testament of missions, on Sundays at ten a. m.,

in Experience”; Mr. Robert P. Wilder, the following spoke : The Rev. Thomas of New York, on “The International Barber of Colombia, South America, Student Volunteer Convention” the the Rev. H. W. Myers, D. D., of Japan, ; Rev. Charles Scanlon, D. D., Secretary the Rev. Paul Martin, the Rev. H. K. of the Board of Temperance and Moral Wright, of India, the Rev. Robert Dick Welfare, on “Prohibition”; Mr. Fred Wilson, D. D., Dr. Paul Harrison of C. MacMillan of Des Moines, Iowa, on Arabia, Mr. Dana Woodman of New “Christ in the Business Man’s Life”; York, the Rev. Archibald Campbell of

the Rev. Frank H. Mann, Secretary of Korea, Dr. Robert E. Speer, Mrs. J. C. the American Bible Society, on “The R. Ewing, the Rev. G. W. Dunlap, D. Demands for the Bible”; the Rev. H. D., of the Philippines, the Rev. Stacy Augustine Smith, D. D., of Boston L. Roberts, of Korea, the Rev. David University, on “Church Music”; Mr. H. Thomas of China, the Rev. A. C. E. P. Gates, General Secretary of the Edgar, missionary to the Majove In- United Society of Christian Endeavor, dians, the Rev. W. N. Wysham of Per- on “The Needs of Young People”; Dr. sia, Mr. William Danner on the work William A. Freemantle of Philadelphia, among Lepers, the Rev. H. H. Hen- on “Pastoral Experiences”; the Rev. derson of Korea, Professor Kingsley Henry W. Frost, D. D., of Princeton Burge of Syria, the Rev. Lee H. Down- on “Prayer” Dr. Howard Kelly of Bal- ing of Africa, the Rev. Henry W. Frost, ; timore on “A Layman’s Use of the Bi- D. D., of the China Inland Mission, the

ble”; Dr. W. G. Schauffler of Prince- Rev. J. U. S. Toms of Korea, the Rev, ton on “Personal Hygiene” Professor C. V. Reeder of China, Mr. H. H. Un- ; A. A. Bowman, of Princeton Univer- derwood of Korea, the Rev. S. M. Shoe- sity, on “Religion and the Modern maker, Secretary of the Philadelphian Mind” the Rev. Clarence E. Society of Princeton University, the ; Macart- ney, D. D., on “The Presbyterian Rev. W. W. Johnston of China. Church at the parting of the Ways”; Professor Robert Dick Wilson, D. D., Instruction in Missions on “Impressons of the Orient”; the Rev. W. Reginald Wheeler on the In addition to the addresses on mis- Board of Foreign Missions, on “Mis- sions enumerated in the preceding arti-

sions in Latin America and Africa” cle, the Seminary heard the Rev. J. the Rev. Charles E. Scott, D. D., of Porter Smith, D. D., deliver the Stu- China, on “China” the Rev. H. B. Din- dent Course of Mission Lectures on ; widdie, D. D., missionary of the Pres- “Brazil as a Misson Field.” Dr. Smith

byterian Church, U. S., on “Latin is especially well versed in the history, America”; the Rev. W. N. Wysham, literature and activity of the Roman THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 9

Catholic Church. His presentation of this element in ministerial prep- this problem in missions in Brazil was aration has been receiving due atten- useful to all who meet it in whatever tion in the Seminary. This is largely phase of Christian work. due to the generous contribution to the In the Department of Missions the Seminary of his services as Medical again Adviser by William G. Schauffler, Rev. J. C. R. Ewing, D. D., rendered substantial assistance to Dr. M. D. Year by year he has given each Stevenson in the instruction, and vari- student a careful physical examination ous missionaries residing in Princeton and when necessary has put them in also assisted by setting forth phases of touch with specialists for treatment or missions characteristic of their special operations, beside sending students fields. promptly to the University Infirmary

of it. In ad- For the session 1924-25 the depart- whenever there was need dition to this he has given lectures on ment is to have the assistance again of of hygiene which the Dr. Ewing, and also of the Rev. Sam- various phases minister should understand both for uel M. Zwemer, D. D., of Egypt. Dr. himself and for the community in which Zwemer will have charge of most of he will serve as pastor. the elective class work during the first term, Dr. Ewing taking over the work The Seminary has had for a quarter for the remainder of the Seminary year. of a century rights in the University These courses will include studies in Infirmary whereby its students re- The Strength and Weakness of Orien- ceived treatment there on equal terms University students. Uni- tal Religions, Christianity’s Message to with The the Peoples of the Near and Far East, versity is now building a new three Infirmary. In and a study in the Problems and Meth- hundred thousand dollar the ods of Modern Missions. order to secure the perpetuation of Seminary’s use of this great plant, Mr. E. Francis Hyde of New York City, Provision for the Physical Wel- Treasurer of the Seminary, has given fare of the Students twenty-five thousand dollars in the name of the Seminary, which forms the Many students come to the Seminary basis of an agreement that the arrange- from places or institutions where there ment for the care of Seminary students have not been facilities for physical ex- shall be continued as heretofore. aminations and for expert medical at- tention. Alumni of the Seminary can The Mutchmore Scholarship look back and see how they might have been much better fitted for their min- The Board of Christian Education of istry if physical defects could have re- the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., has ceived attention in their student assigned to the Middlers of this Semi- days. There is increasing apprecia- nary this year the competition for the tion of the importance of a well- Mutchmore Scholarship, providing developed physique as one of the nine hundred dollars for a year of grad- elements in ministerial success. It uate study. The scholarship has been is gratifying that in recent years awarded to Mr. Warren S. Reeve. :

10 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN

The Davies Prize in Homiletics Venedocia, Ohio, New York City, Scranton, Pa., Wilkes-Barre. He was The Rev. Hugh Davies was a minis- the author of the history of the Calvin- ter of the Calvinistic Methodist Church istic Methodist Churches in Pennsyl- in the U. S. A. which was later ab- vania, brought out in book form in sorbed in the Presbyterian Church. 1898 with the title “The History of the Some years before Mr. Davies’ death Synod of Eastern Pennsylvania,” and the Synod of the Calvinistic Methodist numerous magazine articles. He was Church decided to make a presentation elected moderator of the General As- to him of a certain amount of money sembly of the Calvinistic Methodist in recognition of his great service to Church at Cambria, Wis., August 27, the church as a preacher and pastor. Be- 1901. He died in Allentown, Pa., July fore the plan had been carried out, Mr. 11, 1910. He was in the front rank of Davies died, and it was decided to use the Welsh preachers of his day. His the money collected for an appropriate last message was this—“Of all the memorial to him. The Synod of Penn- wonders Jesus Christ wrought he Him- sylvania (Welsh) determined to es- self was the greatest.” tablish with the money as a memorial the Hugh Davies Prize in Homiletics in Princeton Theological Seminary, and The Seminary Chorus five hundred dollars has been received For a second year the Seminary by the Board of Trustees of the Semi- Chorus has been developed under the nary to establish the Hugh Davies Me- leadership and instruction of the Rev. morial Fund, “the annual interest of F. D. Jenkins, of the Seminary Faculty. which is to be given as a prize to that Twenty-eight students have been member of the Senior Class whose ser- trained to sing together with such per- mons throughout the year shall be ac- fection of technique and interpretation counted the best in thought, composi- that they have been a means of educa- tion and delivery.” The Synod has tion in singing and in appreciation of provided the following condensed bio- classical church music, not only for graphical sketch of Mr. Davies themselves, but for the Seminary and The Rev. Hugh Davies was born in a wider audience in the church. They Llandrilo, near Bala, Wales, August have rendered much appreciated musi- 1831. He came to the United States 13, cal programs in churches in New York, in 1854, and settled in New Haven, Philadelphia, Trenton and Princeton. Conn., later moved to Chicago, 111. Their musical selections formed a he licensed to the Here was preach by prominent and impressive feature of Calvinistic Methodist Presbytery in the Seminary Commencement. Among and in he married. His 1856, 1859 was the numbers rendered at the different first charge was in Long Creek, Iowa. services were the following: His ordination took place at a session “Let There Be Light” (from the Crea- of the Synod of Wisconsin held in tion) Haydn Cambria, Wis., June 11, 1862. Later “Alma Mater” Finley D. Jenkins he held pastorates in Berlin, Wis., Mid- “Lamb of God Without Blemish”. . .Gregorian dle Granville, N. Y., Wilkes-Barre, Pa., “O Light Eternal” Verdi —

THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN ii

“Before Thy Shrine” Deems-Taylor the taint of secularity, those changes were “Prayer” (adaptation from the Psalms) made by competent hands. Bach-Gounod Luther realized, moreover, that the only "Hallelujah Chorus” (from “Mount of way to make his theology musically articulate Olives”) Beethoven was through participation by the people. Not

“Now Let Every Tongue Adore Him" .. .Bach that he believed that choirs should be abol-

“Seven-fold Amen” Stainer ished : far from it. But he perceived that if “Christian Ministry” F. D. Jenkins music as a part of religious exercise was really “Rejoice Daughter, Zion” (from Judas to enter into the experience of men, they must Maccabeus) Handel perform that music themselves, and that con- gregational singing, as opposed to the choir singing of the Catholic church, must serve as Style in Church Music the basis of musical worship. Thus, by clear thought and wise action, he set in motion a By Prof. Archibald T. Davison, Ph.D., Pro- form, (the chorale) which stirred the Pro- testant and Catholic world of his time which fessor of Music at Harvard University. (An ; address delivered to the students of the Sem- greatly influenced the future course of music both choral and instrumental and which inary). ; stands even now as the highest type of con- When Martin Luther undertook to organize gregational hymn. the music of the Protestant Reformation, he brought to the task the same consecrated care But alas, little more than the shell of Lu- displayed in the formation of his theology. ther’s great ideal remains to us, so far have He took music seriously, for he understood the we departed from the substance and procedure of Protestant church music of his day. In- power to move men that lies in music,—a pow- er different from and more poignant than that stead of ordered policy and intelligent ad- ministration on the part of those in authority, of words ; and he intended to use that force logically and effectively. In the first place, he we have either indifference or a mass of hazy allowed himself to be advised by musical ex- and individualistic opinions based upon a catch-as-catch-can philosophy of church music perts ; he did not argue that the sort of music he liked was necessarily the best kind of and often enough upon ignorance of what music is and what it can do. Instead of a church music ; nor did he surround himself with gentlemen of assorted trades and profes- careful and skillful scrutiny of the music with its fitness for in sions, whose business it should be to counsel regard to use worship, we him as to ways and means of procuring the ser- look through the text, discover that God is vices of professional musical performers at a somewhere mentioned, and, if we like the tune, minimum cost. Nor did Luther care much, think the harmony attractive and the whole apparently, whether the music he selected was thing likely to be popular, we have our choir popular or not. He had certain well-thought- sing it on Sunday—first making our position out ideas with regard to the type of music entirely orthodox by assuring ourselves that which would serve as the best accompaniment the magic words “Sacred Anthem” are printed to his theology, and with unquestionable logic on the cover. Instead of uttering our own he entrusted the carrying-out of those ideas praise, we indulge ourselves in the profes- to musicians, both Catholic and Protestant, skilled in the ways of church music. ’“In the same way have they (the Catholics)

much noble music, . . . used to adorn In the second place, Luther was wise enough most vile, idolatrous words. Therefore have to adopt any Catholic music which served the we undressed these lifeless, idolatrous, crazy needs of Protestantism. He realized fully that words, stripping off the noble music, and put- there can never be anything controversial in ting it upon the living and holy word of God, wherewith to sing, praise, and honor the same, music per se, but only in the texts that accom- that so the beautiful ornament of music, pany music. 1 brought back to its right use, may serve its Even secular pieces were not neglected in blessed Maker and His Christian people.” Martin Luther. his search for congregational song, and where Dickinson, “History of Music in the Wes- changes were necessary in order to obliterate tern Church”—p. 260. 12 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN sional offerings of a quartet; and when we average parish music committee? Is member- do rise for the congregational hymn (which ship in the finance committee eagerly bestowed we don’t sing) we are greeted, not by the upon inmates of the poor house? Obviously

chorale, expressive and dignified, but in all not ; and yet many a music committeeman probability by some solemnly romantic morsel makes joyous boast that he can’t tell one tune from the Barnby-Dykes school of “churchly” from another. Such a state of affairs can hymns. These hymn tunes always appear to arise only from the fact that music doesn’t me to be chafing in bondage. If they could make any real difference to most of our only get out in the world where they could churches. To them the Music Committee is a be themselves, as boat songs and serenades body whose function is to “hire and fire,” and and melodies of broken hearts : but no, some to supply the congregation with some agree- one has got them between the rigid covers of able music on Sunday. Is there a question a hymnal and they never will escape from it. of good or bad music? No; the committee They must go on pretending to be what they concerns itself with the quality of the per- are not and sounding more self-conscious and formance. Is there a question of the suit- mildly naughty than perhaps they really are, ability of certain kinds of music for religious ? the committee what it just because they know they don’t really belong uses No ; but knows in the hymnal. Consider the plight of a tune likes, and the parish expects the committee like “Galilee,” to the words “Jesus calls us.” to get that kind of music as cheaply as possible. Here is a melody of infinite social possibility. What, besides indifference, can account for I cannot at the moment think of a more the neglect of music instruction in our divin- ingratiating or insinuating bit of music. If it ity schools? Music is admittedly one of the should once escape from the hymnal, it might “problems” of the ministry, and yet theolog- even become a wrecker of homes. On the ical seminaries offer their students ridiculously whole, it is probably safer confined in the little training even in the practical aspects of hymnal, numbered and indexed, and sung by the subject, to say nothing of the more im- guileless Christians at the Feast of good St. portant details relating to the style and con- Andrew. tent of music, to questions of discrimination between good and bad church music, and to In the previous paragraph I spoke of the those ideals which ought to regulate all church indifference which, on the one hand, assigns music procedure. to music a purely decorative function in wor- But we must not condemn too strongly this ship, and of the ill-considered opinion which indifference to the importance of music; nor grows out of an ignorance of the substance should we blame congregations for not car- and effect of music. To these two causes in ing enough about singing to take part in the particular, I believe, may the low estate not hymns, bad as they are, for much of our music only of hymns and hymn-singing, but of education is so ordered that this indifference church music in general be traced. Some one and this unwillingness to participate in music -has said that there has been almost no intel- are inevitable. Emphasis on the dry, mechan- ligent thinking on the subject of church music ical elements of music in earlier schools, on since Luther. But if people do not take church note-reading, drill in rhythmic formulae, prac- music seriously, why should they think about tice in music exercises, training in the identi- it? With hostility one can deal, for hostility fication of themes played on the graphophone, generates mental action ; but indifference is —these will not necessarily generate interest hard to overcome. To many laymen and in music or a will to participate in it. Rather clergymen music is a pleasurable interruption by an experience of music gained through the to the main business of worship; it serves at use of beautiful songs, notably folk songs, in- once to give the minister breathing-space and troduced into the kindergarten and sung for to offer a more or less lucrative occupation several years or so without reference to the to a group of persons called musicians, who printed music, may the foundations of a love will for a consideration,—to borrow a critical — of singing and a true appreciation of music phrase “gently massage the eardrums of the 1 be laid. To emphasize the “machinery” of believer.” What, other than the most flat- footed J indifference, could have produced the See Surette, “Music and Life”—Chapter II. THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 13 music in the earliest grades is to distract at- unaided could never have saved him. Music tention from the beauty of the song and to is a powerful ally both of righteousness and dull, and perhaps kill, a love for music and unrighteousness, but upon an idea, and, to a for singing which is in every normal child. The lesser degree, upon association, will depend the melancholy state of our congregational and influence of that music. As soon as you make community singing is clear witness to the in- the sound of music you awake in the listener adequacy of American music teaching and we some emotional force : shall we, then, conclude may as well face the fact that we will never that because a piece of music is played in be a musical nation until we rectify our edu- church or is characterized by the composer cational blunders. Naturally, no great reform and publisher as “sacred,” it will inevitably may be expected in our generation; but if the arouse “religious emotion?” Or that because children of to-day are wisely and skillfully it makes us feel pious, it will affect everyone taught, we shall have better hymns and better in like manner? What, under these circum- hymn singing, together with a devoted and stances we are accustomed to call “religious intelligent interest in music as a part of re- emotion” may be but one of those vague and ligious exercise. melting states so easily aroused by the sound 1 of music. the is “relig- Our present indifference, however, is but one To say that emotion of the two great difficulties. There are clergy- ious” because of the music rather than because men and laymen who are honestly interested of the ideas or associations connected with that music, indeed daring. in church music and fully persuaded of its would be More- importance, but they are prevented from con- over, I do not hesitate to say that a very large structive action by their inability to identify proportion of our music, even in the “best” the qualities that make music worth while, churches, is secular in its make-up. Why, then, and by their ignorance of the technical, emo- should we conclude that music whose techni- tional, and intellectual elements of music. cal substance is common to secular music, will, When I see clergymen and laymen rushing in because it is heard in church, evoke religious where men who have devoted their lives to the feeling? Music is not like poetry; music has idea. It is like study of music fearsomely tread, I ask myself no commonly transferable not whether these gentlemen can possibly be aware painting, which remains fixed before the eye, a visual and representa- of what music is, and what it can do. Music commonly understood of fact. is a prodigiously dynamic force, whose poten- tion some natural The same piece tialities of music may suggest twenty different ideas can hardly be reckoned ; yet we pro- to as people, if, indeed, the ar- ceed to use it thoughtlessly in a situation where many music rives intellectual in the listener. it may do much actual harm. at any status “To most people,” says Santayana, “music is How prone we are to call music we like a drowsy revery relieved by nervous thrills.” “good or to reason that, because a certain Were you to ask a group of persons what a composition produces in us a mental picture piece of music made them think of, there or a specific emotional effect, it will act iden- 1 1 would hardly be two similar answers. tically in everyone else’s case. It results from Now, in this emotional versatility of music this fallacy that there is considerable effort lies one of the chief dangers from the point to make music improve morals, convert sin- of view of church use, for we are thought- ners, cure kleptomania, etc., etc. But these lessly prone to assume that the pleasure we wonders, music, unfortunately, cannot work unless supported by concrete, intellectually ap- ’James, “Varieties of Religious Experience,” prehensible ideas. conversion The of St. Au- pp. 27-28, 278-280. gustine is sometimes ascribed to the power of ’Recent experiments at the Psychological music; but I venture to say that if St. Augus- Laboratory at Harvard would indicate that tine had not in some way, perhaps through when music is offered without supplementary text or title it is not safe to assume in the preaching or prayer, got hold of the idea that case of each hearer even such general reactions it for was time him to be a better man, music as “grave,” “gay,” “martial” or “meditative.” How impossible, then, to believe that the uni- ’See Hanslick, “The Beautiful in Music,” versal effect of any piece of music will be pp. 74-75; Schopenhauer, “The World as Will “religious,” a term infinitely more indefinite and Idea,” Vol. I, Book III, pp. 338-341. than the others previously mentioned. 14 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN take in church music is based in some “good” and only indirectly with God, and in that sense, emotion; to accept that music as sacro-sanct at least, these activities are secular. That all without reference to its substance, whence its this is but the carrying out of the Divine Will emotional power springs. Nor is this all, for with regard to human relations may be made we may not assume that even the use of a clear through ideas presented in a sermon or sacred text with secular music will negative address, but it is text and not music that con-

the effect of that music and produce the de- veys ideas ; and once you attempt to use music sired emotional state. The action of music to supplement such a practical religious move- is much more rapid than the action of words. ment, you must select essentially music of ac-

Music strikes instantly at the imagination and tion ; and music of action is music of the out- thence at the emotions: whereas, words must side world—secular music. But in such a use

first be apprehended by the intellect, then laid is lost music’s greatest power, for music be- hold of by the imagination, and, lastly, borne longs first to the world of imagination and not out to the emotions. Herein lies the fallacy to the world of action. Music cannot explain

of attempting to justify the use of cheap or why social service is a logical factor in re-

sentimental hymns and anthems as a means of ligion ; it can only content itself with being

inducing a religious frame of mind ; the fact secularly appropriate. On the other hand, in is that before the text, no matter how deeply those forms of religious exercise where mys-

religious it may be, is given an opportunity of tery, awe, and contemplation play their part—

doing its work, the music has already defin- there music is truly one with religion. itely supplied the emotional state. That certain But here again we must assure ourselves i types of so-called “religious emotion” lie dan- that we are not deceived. I remember reading gerously near to eroticism is well-known yet ; in a book called “Music and Mysticism,” by in we constantly use our churches music the I a clergyman whose name have forgotten, the i technical substance of which, if not erotic in words, “Wagner is my religion.” Now this is ! its import, is, at least, beyond the bounds of a glowing example of the individualistic type , r religious suggestion. of reasoning that grows out of an ignorance

I have sometimes asked myself whether, in of music, for the associations that group them- '

view of the present misuse of church music, selves about Wagner’s music—associations ’ it would not be better if all music were elim- arising from the secular quality of the text inated from the service. Is there not, after and from the conditions under which the music all, something to be said for those who will is often heard—are definitely secular. No have no singing or playing in church, because composer, moreover, has succeeded better in they distrust the emotional effect of these ac- supporting his text with a musical fabric of tivities? It would seem so; and yet, from an the most intensely secular and often erotic exercise where there is obvious place for kind ! But even if this clergyman had been beauty in every form, it is unthinkable that able magically to transport himself from the the great art of music should be absent. But, opera house into ecclesiastical surroundings, if present, it will address itself to the imagin- to have closed his ears to the words of the ation and emotion of the hearer, and there- text, and to have read into the music some- fore any use of it in church ought to be care- thing which both experience and association fully controlled. It is here that certain were loudly denying—even then he could have branches of the Protestant church, not gener- had no right to assume Wagner to be the ideal ally committed to the evils of a sentimental ecclesiastical composer for everyone. We often musical appeal, fall short of the highest con- speak of one’s not knowing his own mind; but did ception of church music ; notably those which here, I fear, is a case of a good man who neglect or else ignore entirely the mystical not know his own emotions.

element in worship. Such a religion is, no From all the foregoing we may draw sev-

doubt, practical effective; it emphasizes : and eral axioms —First, all music will call forth social service and kindred ideals, all of them some emotion. Second, the reaction to music

of the highest value, but regarded purely as is so much quicker than the reaction to words activities they are a part of the world outside that no text or title may be counted on to the church man deals with man primarily locate a definite area of emotional activity. ; —

THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 15

Have I not, then, involved myself in a para- worthy of the best ideals of Christianity and

dox when I have spoken of “sacred music” of that great art which God has given into 1 and “secular music”? Is there such a thing our keeping. If it is an extreme view, almost as “sacred style” and “secular style”? Am I a Catholic view, I apologize for it none the not as individualistic as the man who pro- less. claimed Wagner his god of religious music? This whole question of the relative value of I venture to think not. I have not asked my- the objective and subjective in religion has self, “What music do I like?” or “What music been admirably illuminated by James Bissett do I think will bring people to church, or Pratt in his book, “The Religious Conscious- please them when they get there, or put them ness” from which I take the liberty of quoting in a religious frame of mind?” I have tried several passages. “The worshipper in the Pro- to discover just what music is, and what its testant Church,” he says, “must be made to limitations are as an emotional force; and feel, as the Catholic feels at the Mass, that I myself, after this examination have asked something is really being done—something in “To what use, in view of these powers and addition to the subjective change in his own these limitations, may we put music in con- consciousness. Let him understand that you

! nection with religious exercise? What may wish him to come to church in order that you its object be?” may make a psychological impression on him,

First, I conclude that the place of music and he will be increasingly likely to stay away.

must be secondary, for it cannot be counted on Or he may come to hear your opera singer, single-handed to make us better men or to but his religious sentiment will remain un-

induce in us religious moods, even when sup- touched. If public worship is to be profitable

I ported by text. Clearly, then, it must stand to him he must find in it something more than 3 as an ally to religious ideas presented through that.” And again, “There is a kind of wor-

preaching or some other agency. But if we ship that is perfectly pbjective and sincere and

are going to select music to serve as such an that is quite as possible for the intelligent

ally, we certainly ought not to adopt music man of to-day as it was for the ancient: whose substance and import are wholly secu- namely, that union of awe and gratitude which lar, or the chances are that we shall produce is reverence, combined perhaps with consecra- a secular type of emotion as a preparation tion and a suggestion of communion, which for the sermon. “But,” you object, “the kind most thoughtful men must feel in the pres- of music you select as suitable may not be ence of the Cosmic forces and in reflecting up- understood by the layman. He may even dis- on them.” 1 One need only consult one’s

like it. Ninety-nine per cent, of his musical churchly experience to discover how slight a experience is secular and if you offer him part the objective phase of religious exercise something he doesn’t understand, he will be plays in our Protestant worship. But the kind

( confused and irritated by it.” And to this of subjectivity that runs riot in Protestantism

objection I answer that, except indirectly, I reaches its fullest expression in our attitude am not concerned with the layman. I cannot towards music, for we expect the sermon and accept a “play-theory” of church music, con- the prayer to do us good, to suggest ways and structed upon the personal preferences of the means for better living and constructive ser- great American congregation. I believe with vice; but of church music we ask, as a rule,

all my heart that the object of church music only that it shall please us, and, if we take it

should be to offer to God the most perfect a little more seriously, that it shall make us sacrifice possible in music. I lift the question feel good. And the infinite dangers elsewhere out of the area of personal choice, of benefit, mentioned that lie in that phrase “feeling

either practical or religious, and I reduce it good” ought to lead us to make haste in plac-

to a matter of musical standard. I submit this ing music first among the objective branches opinion not only as the logical one left us in of worship. Once we have left the realm of view of the emotional limitations of music and the desolations that have followed our 'James Bissett Pratt, “The Religious Con sciousness, efforts Chap. XIV. to please and benefit the layman, but 2 Ibid, p. 307 also because it seems to me to be thoroughly ‘Ibid, p. 308. ;

i6 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN ideas presided over by sermon and prayer, to our services? First, because ministers and seek those vague and purposeless satisfactions music committees in general have little knowl- which too often fill us as we hear (but not edge of it; second, because, the music being necessarily listen to) music, our satisfaction unfamiliar, they do not immediately under-

may easily become self-satisfaction and our stand it and prefer to follow the inevitable

“good emotion” something quite different. line of least resistance, using music which lies Of music in particular Mr. Pratt says, “Es- within their experience and which pleases pecially is the congregational singing of hymns them and third, because much of this music ; productive of considerable religious feeling; is drawn from Catholic sources, so that even while the rendering of selections by the choir with its text removed it seems, mistakenly, to at times aids in producing the desired religious retain the taint of Catholicism. Such con- atmosphere—provided the selections be really clusions are based, as I said before, on igno- religious and the rendering of them be sin- rance and indifference. But can choir-masters 2 cere.” But what is a “really religious selec- be excused for these same reasons. It is un- tion ?” Here the question ceases to be a fortunately true that for many church musi- psychological one and becomes a matter for cians the best ecclesiastical music is unexplored the musician. Is there any music suited to act ground. Moreover, to perform this music well as an ally to those ideas presented in preach- requires more diligence in rehearsing than is ing and prayer—music which, because of its demanded by the average anthem. Solos do dissociation with secular things, may with not abound in this better style, nor is there reasonable assurance be counted on to pro- opportunity for the display of sensuous qual- voke no secular emotion ? I believe there is ities of voice or of vocal technique. But per- but to find it we must turn aside from the haps the main reason for the rejection of this current musical practice of the modern church beautiful music is to be found in an underlying and seek some unfamiliar type—either sacred distrust in human nature, which is often shared or secular—music whose substance has little alike by layman, clergyman, and choir-mastei or no part with our secular experience. Such —a distrust expressed in the oft-repeatec music is the Gregorian Chant, the Lutheran phrase, “Oh, you know the congregatior Chorale, the works of Praetorius, Anerio, Vit- wouldn’t stand for music like that.” Now toria, Byrd, Palestrina, Purcell, and many oth- w’hen a choir-master protests to me his lov< er composers of the “Golden Age.” To a of Palestrina’s music and his belief in it: lesser extent we may accept much of Lotti, validity, and yet, declaring its unpopularity

Carissimi, and Scarlatti. Bach, Mendelssohn, makes no effort to use it in his church, I knov and Brahms offer much that is valuable. And that he is either lazy or untruthful, or both how promptly has the Modern Russian School We all know that the American people wil been adopted by churches which live under a stand for anything: they stood for the draft high standard. If this music were reduced to the Income Tax, the Volstead Act, and man

t> technical analysis, much of it would be found another stringent piece of legislation ; and to be triadic, non-dissonant, non-chromatic, say that because a choir-master chooses to sin: not markedly rhythmic, impersonal in melody, a motet of Palestrina to a good English tex' and contrapuntal in structure. Such church the congregation of the First Baptist Churc music exists in quantity, available for choirs is going to depart riotously in a body, is th 1 of varying abilities. most ridiculous kind of make-believe. I hav But why do we not employ this music in never heard of a case where the use of the be: church music has driven a layman from th 2 Ibid, p. 302. service. But if there has been such a cas> J It is not possible, of course, to say that cer- I assume that the attitude of the listener, an tain types of music will always fulfil the de- mands of a sound church style, for the sacred not the music was wrong. its unfam- validity of such music depends upon And yet the layman has his part in a scheir iliarity, its dissociation from secular sugges- which at first sight seems to ignore him con tion. Should Palestrina, Bach, or any other composer whose music is suitable for worship pletely. For the best products, and the on cafes, appear on the programs of dance-halls, normal products of objective worship are to 1 theatres, etc., their quality as sacred compos- sought in the worshipper himself. The le ers would be immediately destroyed. — —

THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 1 /

he pays attention to the exterior beauty of the grees were given. A student coming music, to the quality of the performance, to from another seminary shall bring a the dress and personality of the singers, letter of dismissal from such seminary, the less he conceives all these to be for him, the greater spiritual benefits he will receive. together with a full statement of the In proportion as he sinks himself in the atmos- courses already accomplished there, phere of worship as opposed to the idea of and students wishing to receive credit self-benefit, just so much more readily will the for theological studies taken in connec- whole emotional and intellectual transaction tion with their college course shall bring involving music, prayer, meditation, and ser- official evidence that mon crystallize itself into a well-rounded and such courses have profitable religious experience. The layman been taken. Candidates for the Mas- must feel that to use poor music in church is ter of Theology degree shall bring both an affront to the Deity that the culpability in ; their college and seminary diplomas or using such music in education, in play, in the other official evidence of them. dance, the home, the theatre or the concert- The opening address of the Semi- hall, is as nothing compared with that of em- ploying any music other than the best in wor- nary year will be given in Miller Chap- ship. (How awful would be the mortality el on Wednesday, October 1st, at elev- among Christian churches if Old Testament en o’clock, and lectures and recitations retribution were suddenly to be visited on the will begin the same day. offerers of an imperfect sacrifice). The task of bringing our church music to a worthy standard is not an easy one. It will The Library require patience, wisdom, education, devotion, and above all faith; faith in human nature At the May meeting of the Board of and a conviction that only the best is possible Trustees the librarian reported that to our consciences. So shall we labor earnest- during the year the Library had ac- ly that, in Luther’s words, “the beautiful orna- ment of music, brought back to its right use, quired 1,754 bound volumes by gift and may serve its blessed Maker and His Chris- 1,276 by purchase, making an addition tian people.” of 3,030 bound volumes and bringing the present total to 118,566. The un- usually large number acquired by gift The Next Seminary Year is due to the cataloguing and placing The One Hundred and Thirteenth on the shelves of 1,241 volumes of the Session of the Seminary will open on library of the late Professor Warfield. September 30th with matriculation of Last year 1,312 volumes of this library new students in the parlor of Hodge were placed on the shelves, making a Hall and the drawing for the choice of total of 2,553 volumes of this valuable rooms by entering students at three bequest added to the Library. The o’clock in Stuart Hall. number of pamphlets added during the New students will please bring with year was 635, making the present total them when matriculating, if they have of pamphlets 39,943. not sent them in advance, their creden- At the same meeting the Trustees tials as described in the catalogue, authorized the construction of an addi- namely, letters of commendation from tion to the brick library building to ac- their pastors and their college diplomas commodate between 60,000 and 70,000 or other official evidence of the degrees volumes. It is hoped that the erection received and the year when these de- of this addition will begin this summer. :

i8 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN

Since the November Bulletin the Li- and the New York Presbytery (Reprint brary has received the following books from the Presbyterian) ; from the Rev. for the Alumni Alcove : Edward Mack, D. D., ’89, the office of

Nieuwigheid en dwaling de loochen- the deacon : an interpretation of Chap. ing der gemeene gratie, nogmaals IV, Sec. IV, of the Form of Govern- gewogen en te licht bevonden, Grand ment, rev. and adopted by the General Rapids, 1923, by the Rev. Jan Karel Assembly in 1922, Richmond, Va., from the Rev. Louis van Baalen, ’14. (1923) ; Guy Mor- rill, ’00, (New Era Movement) Life as The Preacher’s Old Testament, New a Stewardship five Bible studies of York, 1923, from the Rev. Professor ; man’s relation to things, 2nd printing, Edward Mack, D. D., ’89. rev. 1923, Auburn, N. Y. ; from the You and Yours, God’s Purpose in Rev. Harry Boehme, '22, The secret of Things, New York, 1923, by the Rev. a beautiful life ; from the Rev. Martin

Guy Morrill, 1900. i Jacob Wyngarden, Ph.D., graduate Twenty-five Years of Service. First student T8, The Syriac version of the t Presbyterian Church of Olney, Phila- book of Daniel : a thesis from the ; Rev. delphia, ! commemorating the 25th An- Charles Adamson Salmond, D. D., ’79, niversary of the Founding of the The present crisis in the Church of Church, Dec. 5, 1923, by the Rev. Wil- England, Ed. 1899; “Not”: Sins of ’99. I liam H. Wells, D. D., omission preached at South Morning- : The Attitude of Martin Bucer ( side Church ; Romish ascendancy ver- toward the Bigamy of Philip of Hesse, sus British ascendancy from the Rev. c 3 New Haven, 1924, by the Rev. Hast- Samuel Addison McElroy, D. D., ’88, ings Eells, Ph. D., T9. Poems; from the Rev. Stewart McMas- [I 5 Psychology’s Challenge to Christian- ter Robinson, ’18, the Word made

flesh : a the ity, Richmond, 1923, by the Rev. Cecil sermon ; from Rev. Caesar van Meter Crabb, T4. Augustus Rodney Janvier, D. D., ’84,

.1 The Conscience Clause : reproduced The following pamphlets by Alumni 3 from the Allahabad Leader; from the (• have been received l Rev. Francis Landey Patton, D. D., From the Rev. John Franklin LL. D., ’65, Comparative politics: an if a Troupe, T5, Some Fallacies about address before the Bermuda Branch of War: delivered on Armistice day 1923, the English Speaking Union from the ; First Presbyterian Church, Fremont, Rev. John Erskine Adams, ’91, Wood- i Ohio; from the Rev. Francis James row Wilson, a tribute in the Park Slope Grimke, D. D., ’78, What is the trouble Congregational Church, Brooklyn, N.

A: with the Christianity of today? there Y., Feb. 10, 1924; from the Rev. Os-

•A is something wrong about it. What is wald Thompson Allis, Ph. D., ’05, it? An address delivered at the Sev- Jericho prophets: theological liberals enth Annual Convocation of the School in the days of Elijah and today; from } of Religion of Howard University, the John Fox, D. D., ’76, Thirty-eight Washington, D. C., Nov. 20, 1923; from questions and answers from the Short-

the Rev. Horace Coffin Stanton, D. D., er Catechism here set to music ; melo- S. T. D., ’73, The “new Christianity” dies composed by Rev. John Fox, THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 19

D. D.; from the Rev. Frederick Wil- evening, May 26th, in the Y. W. C. A. liam Loetscher, D. D., LL. D., ’00, John building, one hundred and thirty-six DeWitt, reprinted from the Princeton were present. President Stevenson Theological Review. presided and addresses were made by Moderator Macartney, Dr. Erdman, Dr. Maitland Alexander and Dr. Hess. Princeton at the Assembly President Stevenson called attention to The Seminary had an unusually the progress the Seminary is making, large representation at the meeting of to the large attendance of students and the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth to some of the immediate needs, men- General Assembly of the Presbyterian tioning more particularly the proposed Church, U. S. A., at Grand Rapids. Not dining hall and an enlargement to the to speak of many other Princeton men Library building on Stockton street. among the Commissioners, eight Di- rectors and four members of the Facul- ty were Commissioners President Alumni Notes ; Stevenson being sent by the Presby- 1852 tery of Baltimore, Dr. Erdman and Dr. The Rev. Alfred P. Botsford, D.D., is still Machen by the Presbytery of New the oldest living alumnus. He began his 98th Brunswick, and Dr. Wilson by the year April 21st. His residence is in Wood- Presbytery of Kittanning. The Rev. bury, N. J. Clarence E. Macartney, D. D., of the 1859 Class of 1905, and Director of the Semi- The Rev. James H. Clark was entertained, nary, was elected Moderator. The re- on his ninety-fourth birthday in March, by the port on Church Cooperation and Union George N. Morgan Post, No. 4, of the G. A. was given by the Chairman of this De- R. as Minnesota’s oldest G. A. R. partment, President Stevenson. The Moderator appointed Dr. Maitland 187-* has changed Alexander as Chairman of the Com- The Rev. John E. F his address to 638 Berkley Street, Camden, N. mittee on Bills and Overtures; Dr. W. J. Courtland Robinson as Chairman of 1878 the Committee on Ministerial Relief B. F. R. Clark, M.D., has moved from Pal- and Sustentation, and Dr. Erdman merton, Pa., to Lansdowne, Pa. Chairman of the Standing Committee The Rev. Robert E. Flickinger, now hon- on the Board of National Missions. At orably retired from active service, is resid- the request of the General Council, ing in Rockwell City, Iowa. He is engaged made some weeks in advance of the in arranging the portrait page for a general history of the Flickinger families in the United Assembly, Dr. Erdman also conducted States. the devotional hour during each day of the Assembly meetings he delivered 1883 ; a The Rev. William F. Gowdy has resigned pre-Assembly address on the Gospel of the Fourth Church of Cincinnati, O. Christ and spoke on the Evangelization of the Jews at the popular meeting of 1885 the Board of National Missions. The Rev. Philip F. Matzinger has resigned At the Alumni Dinner on Monday the church at Santa Maria, Calif. 20 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN

1886 1894

The Rev. Peter Robertson, D.D., has gone The Rev. J. Twyman Boyer, D.D., has from Cincinnati, O., to Scotland. His ad- changed his address from Waveland, Ind., to dress is Y. M. C. A., Glasgow, Scotland. 146 Ashby Road, Upper Darby, Pa. The Rev. Reynolds G. Carnahan has changed 1887 his address from Wall Lake, la., to Richards, Mo. The Rev. William C. Paden has moved from The Rev. James M. Farr, D.D., has re- Independence to Bloomfield, Iowa. signed the First Church of Wilkes-Barre, Pa.,

the resignation to take effect Jan. 30, 1924. 1889

The Rev. D. McClellan Butt was elected 1896 moderator of the Presbytery of Aberdeen at The Rev. James D. Cameron, D.D., having its spring meeting. accepted a call to the Cream Ridge and New The Rev. William Y. Chapman, D. D., has Egypt churches, has changed his address from resigned the pastorate of the Roseville Ave- Antrim, N. H., to New Egypt, N. J. nue Church of Newark, N. J., to accept the The Rev. Archibald B. Jamison, who has presidency of Bloomfield Theological Semin- been pastor of the church at Manassas, Va., ary. and teacher of the Bible in the Eastern Col- i | The Rev. Hugh L. Hodge, D.D., has ac- lege of Manassas, has accepted a call to the cepted a call to the First Church of Baltimore, Hempstead Church, New City, N. Y.

Md., and was installed its pastor, Feb. 1st. 1896-1897

1890 The Rev. George W. Jones, a partial student, 1896-97, has resigned the church of Blue The Rev. Daniel R. Warne has moved from Ridge. Texas. McConnelsville, O., to McArthur, O.

< 1897

1891 The Rev. J. Ambrose Dunkel, D.D., was The Rev. John K. MacGillivray has changed elected moderator of the Presbytery of Indian- apolis at its spring meeting. his address from Somerville, Mass., to 91 Lyn- Francis Laird elected mod- way, Point of Pines, Revere, Mass. The Rev. H. was erator of the of England at its r> Synod New Th'd ReVir Crabb, . Erdman, D.D., was meeting last October. given the honorary uegree of LL.D. by David- President Kerr D. MacMillan, S.T.D., has son College at its Commencement in June. suffered the loss of his wife, who died April

13, 1924, in Aurora, N. Y. She was Miss Cor- 1892 nelia Chesebro Lash of Toronto, Canada. The Rev. Maitland Alexander, D.D., LL.D., They were married June 6, 1905. Two sons was given a reception by the officers and mem- survive her. bers of the First Church of Pittsburgh, Pa., I Pa 1898 April 28, 1924, to celebrate the twenty-fifth anniversary of his pastorate. The Rev. William B. Cooke has been elected I c-: moderator of the Presbytery of Philadelphia I Co The Rev. William A. Price has changed his North. address from Aberdeen, Md., to Street, Md. The Rev. William C. Murdock has com- pleted a pastorate of four and a half years at 1893 Elrose, Canada, and begun work at Watson, &

The Rev. Daniel I. Camp has resigned the Sask., which is his present address.

Upper Path Valley Church of Dry Run, Pa. I the

The Rev. William F. Dickens-Lewis, D.D., 1899 H tor

-ft was elected moderator of the Presbytery of The Rev. Henry W. Block has resigned the I

Cleveland at its spring meeting. Fox Chase Memorial Church, Philadelphia,

to I ] THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 21

Pa. He was installed pastor of the Shiloh The Rev. Hugh W. Rendall was elected Church, St. Mary’s, Pa., Jan. 29, 1924. moderator of the Presbytery of Morris and The Rev. Marshall Harrington, D.D., was Orange at its spring meeting. elected moderator of the Presbytery of New The Rev. William H. Topping has resigned

Brunswick at its spring meeting. the Mt. Ida Memorial Church of Troy, N. Y. The Rev. William T. S. Seyfert was released from the church at Renovo, Pa., Oct. 16, 1923. 1905

The Rev. Kencey J. Stewart has changed his The Rev. Dwight C. Chapin was elected address from Carrollton, O., to Wellsville, O. moderator of the Presbytery of Spokane at

The Rev. Harry B. Vail was installed pas- its spring meeting. tor of the church at Madeira, O., Feb. 29, 1924. The Rev. Melvin R. Laird, D.D., has re- signed the pastorate of the Westminster 1900 Church of Omaha, Neb. The Rev. Benjamin Thomas was installed The Rev. Clarence1905-E. Macartney, D.D., was pastor of the church in Johnsonburg, Pa., Oct. elected moderator of the General Assembly

19, 1923. at its meeting in Grand Rapids, Mich. The Rev. Herbert Ure was elected moder- 06 ator of the Presbytery of West Jersey at its spring meeting. The Rev. Hermann M. Hosack, a graduate student 1905-06, has resigned the church at 1901 Newell, W. Va., to accept a call to the High- The Rev. C. Benjamin Segelkin was installed land Church of Perrysville, Pa. pastor of the church of Haverhill, Mass., Nov. The Rev. John R. Lloyd, a graduate student

8, 1923. 1905-06, has moved from Richwood, O., to Belle Center, O. 1902 1906 The Rev. Walter W. Edge received the hon- orary degree of D.D. from Lafayette College The Rev. William1906-A. Clemmer has moved in 1923. from St. Louis, Mo., to 226 N. Barron St., The Rev. Lewis B. Hillis, D.D., student pas- Eaton, O. tor in Berkeley, Calif., for the Synod of Cal- The Rev. Hugh N. Ronald was elected mod- ifornia, has resigned to accept a call to be erator of the Presbytery of Muncie at its director of the recruiting department under the spring meeting. Board of Christian Education. His head- quarters are in New York City. 07 The Rev. Otis M. Trousdale, D.D., a grad- 1903 uate student, 1906-07, has resigned the First

The Rev. Samuel R. Brown has accepted a Reformed Church of Newark, N. J., to accept call to the Laboratory Church of Washington, a call to the First Presbyterian1907- Church of Co- Pa. lumbia, Tenn. The Rev. John E. Park has had the honorary 1907 degree of D.D. conferred upon him by Tufts College. The Rev. John C. Finney has resigned the Forest Park Church of Baltimore, Md., and 1904 has become associate pastor of the Brown The Rev. William E. Brooks has resigned Memorial Church, Baltimore, Md. the First Church of Allentown, Pa. The Rev. G. Ashworth Burslem, pastor of 08 the church at Dover, Del., and his congrega- The Rev. William M. Woodfin, a graduate tion dedicated a new church building on April student, 1907-08, has resigned the Presbyter- 20, 1924. President Stevenson preached the ian church of Homestead, Pa., and was in- dedicatory sermon. This churches dates back stalled pastor of the Third United Presbyter-

to 1711. ian church of Pittsburgh, Pa., April 11, 1924. 22 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN

1908 The Rev. John A. Mackay has received the The Rev. Herbert Adams Gibbons, Ph.D., degree of D.Litt from the University of Lima, Litt.D., has been elected a Corporator of the Peru. He is director of the Collegio Anglo Presbyterian Ministers’ Fund. Peruano at Lima. Rev. The Thomas G. Nethery has resigned 1917 the Bethany Church of Council Bluffs, Iowa. The Rev. Milton M. Allison has moved from Pittsburgh, Pa., to Wellsburg, W. Va., having 1909 been installed pastor of the First Church of Rev. Robert A. The Cameron has resigned Wellsburg on May 22, 1924. the church at Billings, Mont., to accept a call to the First Church of Aberdeen, Wash. 1920 Rev. The Ernest Hansel was elected moder- Howard D. Rhea is secretary of the Y. M. ator of the Presbytery of Lehigh at its spring C. A. of Bloomington, 111 . meeting. The Rev. Mortimer M. Stocker has resigned the church at Montpelier, Ida., and accepted 1910 a call to the First Church of Oregon City, The Rev. Harry H. Blocher has resigned the Ore., which is his present address. Firestone Park Church of Akron, O., to accept The Rev. Russell H. Woltz has resigned the a call to the Xelson Memorial Church of Co- church of Celina, O. lumbus, O.

The Rev. Reid S. Dickson has resigned his 1921 charge at Lewistown, Pa., to become Western The Rev. T. Marshall Morsey is Dean of Secretary of the Board of Ministerial Relief Siloam School of the Bible, at Siloam Springs, and Sustentation, with his office in Chicago. Ark., and Managing Editor of the American The Rev. Stanley H. Jewell has changed his Evangelist published there. address from Barton, Md., to Belle Vernon, The Rev. Andrew Richards, has changed Pa. his address from Xew Gretna, N. J., to 603 1911 Xinth Ave., Belmar, N. J. The Rev. Washington E. Pattern has changed 1922 his address from Salt Creek to Midwest, Wyo. The Rev. William D. Chamberlain is pastor

of the church of Carteret, N. J. 1913 The Rev. Raymond E. Muthard is pastor of The Rev. James F. Riggs has changed his the church at Frostburg, Md., and not of address from Catskill, X. Y., to Little Falls, Cumberland. Md., as wrongly stated in the N. Y. Xovember Bulletin. Rev. Theodore has accepted 1914 The C. Meek the appointment as assistant to the pastor of The Rev. Herman T. Reinecke has resigned the First Church of Toledo, Ohio. the pastorate of the Park Avenue Church of Pittsburgh to become assistant to Rev. W. L. 1923 McEwan in the Third Church of the same The Rev. John B. Thwing is enjoying a pros- city. perous year in the Clement Church of Cicero, his church has 1914-15 111 . Besides its own services, weekly Italian and Lithuanian services. The Rev. Alexander G. Anderson, a grad- uate student, 1914-15, has resigned the church 1924 at Flora, Ind. The Rev. Ernest E. Loft is stated supply of 1915 the church at Three Forks, Mont. He is also The Rev. John D. Lindsay has resigned editor of the Local Church Times. the church at Shippensburg, Pa., and has been The Rev. William K. Smith and Miss Mary installed pastor of the First Church or Find- Dickey were married, Feb. 18, 1924, in Coving- lay, O. ton, Va.

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