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Geology and Water Resources of the Santa Ynez River Basin, Santa Barbara County, California

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Geology and Water Resources of the Santa Ynez River Basin, Santa Barbara County, California Geology and Water Resources of the Santa Ynez River Basin, Santa Barbara County, California By J. E. UPSON and H. G. THOMASSON, JR. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1107 Prepared in cooperation with Santa Barbara County »*» on* ls PUBLIC PROPERTY Md ia »t te Ej«°,^d r "°" tb9 °m°ul rtles - PR|VATE Sec.TObSES ' " i', UNLAWFUL (R. S. 9«p. Vol. 2,,«-«-» pp. 880,' UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1951 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Oscar L. Chapman, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director *" *- **.- . ,<+ *-.- t« ! !*. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price $1.00 (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Abstract ___ ____-_-___--..__-_______________-_______-..-----__-____ 1 Introduction- ________..__-_____--____________-_-___-__-_-___.-__-..__ 4 Ideation of the area_______________________________ ____________ 4 Purpose and scope of the report____________________..____-___-__i 4 Acknowledgments _____________________________________________ 5 Climate_ _____________________________________________________ 6 General county-wide features.__________________ ____________ 6 Precipitation in the county and in the Santa Ynez River basin _ 7 Hydrologic and geologic subareas of the Santa Ynez Hirer basin___ 24 General features______________________________-____________ 24 Headwater subarea._______________________________________ 24 Santa Ynez subarea__-_____________________________________ 25 Buellton subarea.________-________-_-_____ ______-___-___ 25 Santa Rita subarea________________________________________ 26 Lompoc subarea___-______'_________________________________ 26 Geology, by J. E, Upson___________________________________________ 27 Earlier work___________________________________________________ 27 Descriptions and water-bearing characteristics of the rooks___ _____ 28 General features and succession.____________________________ 28 Jurassic (?) and Cretaceous rocks____________________________ 31 Consolidated Tertiary rocks_________-_-_________________-___ 31 Unconsolidated deposits of Tertiary age______________________ 32 Careaga sand_________________________________________ 32 Character, extent, and stratigraphic relations _________ 32 Water-bearing properties__--_______-__-_________-_- 33 Paso Robles formation. ____-____-__--______--________-_ 34 Character and subdivisions_________________________ 34 Water-bearing properties ___________________________ 38 Pleistocene and Recent deposits.____________________________ 39 Orcutt sand__--_______________________________________ 39 Terrace deposits___________________________.________.._ 40 Younger alluvium. ____________________________________ 43 General character__________________________________ 43 Lower member_____________________________________ 44 Upper member.____________________________________ 46 River-channel deposits__________________________________ 49 Eolian deposits----_____-_---______---_____..__--____-_- 50 Geologic structure_____________________________________________ 50 Geologic and geomorphic history.____________________ ___________ 52 Surface-water resources, by H. G. Thomasson, Jr__________. ___________ 55 Runoff in the Santa Ynez River basin_________________ ___________ 55 General characteristics _____________________________________ 55 Measured stream flow___--___-_-_______________--_______--_ 55 Natural or "virgin" stream flow.____________________________ 65 Runoff as a function of rainfall-______________________________ 68 in IV CONTENTS Surface-water resources Continued Paga Underflow of the Santa Ynez River___________.__________________ 71 General considerations_____________________________________ 71 Hydraulic gradient________________________________________ 73 Cross-sectional area of the unconsolidated deposits. 74 Permeability of the unconsolidated materials____ 74 Field tests._____ 74 Laboratory tests. 78 Computations of underflow. 80 Water-supply characteristics, by subareas. 81 General features.__________________ 81 Headwater subarea. 88 Santa Ynez subarea. 89 Buellton subarea. _ _ 91 Santa Rita subarea- 93 Lompoc subarea____ 94 Ground-water conditions and resources, by J. E. Upson. 99 Ground water in the Headwater subarea_________ 100 Ground water in the Santa Ynez subarea_________________________ 100 Water in deposits beneath the Santa Ynez upland and adjoining stream valleys- 101 General features of occurrence_______. 101 Source and movement--------------- 102 Natural discharge___________________ 103 Pumpage_ ______________--__--___i_. 104 Effect of pumpage on water levels. ___. 104 Effect of pumpage on natural drainage. 106 Water in deposits along the Santa Ynez River. 107 Ground water in the Buellton subarea ________ 108 Source and movement- __ 109 Fluctuations of water levels. 110 Pumpage. ________________ 112 Yield. _-__-- ----- 113 Ground water in the Santa Rita subarea. 114 Occurrence, source, and movement of water in the area north of the Santa Rita Hills. 115 Occurrence, source, and movement of water in the area along the Santa Ynez River. 116 Pumpage of ground water. 117 Yield.._____-_.-___. 118 Ground water in the Lompoc subarea. 120 Summary of pertinent geologic features- 120 Shallow water body_____ _______ 120 Movement and source of the shallow water.____ 121 Recharge to the shallow water body ________ 125 Discharge from the shallow water body ____ 129 Relation between shallow and deep water bodies- 135 Evidence from geology______._____-___________ __. 135 Evidence from water-table contours __ ___ 135 Evidence from seasonal fluctuations of shallow water level. 136 Evidence from pumping tests. 140 Summary of evidence. _ 146 CONTENTS V Ground-water conditions and resources Continued Ground water in the Lompoc subarea Continued Page Deep water body__________________________________________ 147 Segregation of water-bearing zones_______________________ 147 Main water-bearing zone.__________________________ 147 Secondary water-bearing zone_______________________ 148 Water in the Orcutt sand___________________________ 148 Water in the Paso Robles formation.________________ 149 Water in the Careaga sand________________________ 150 Movement and source of the deep water________________ 150 Replenishment of the main and secondary water-bearing zones_____________________________________________ 152 Replenishment from the Santa Ynez River__________ 152 Replenishment from underlying formations.__________ 153 Replenishment from the shallow water-bearing zone__ 155 Pumpage of ground water____________________________ 155 Relation of pumpage to fluctuations of water level_________ 156 Yield of ground-water bodies in the Lompoc subarea__--__- 159 Quality of water____________________________________ 162 Possibility of sea-water encroachment.___________________________ 164 Function of the ground-water bodies in a full utilization of water resources.. 164 Literature cited___________________________________________________ 166 Index_________________________________.________ 191 ILLUSTRATIONS Page PLATE 1. Sketch map of the Santa Ynez River basin showing hydrologic subareas and location of stream-gaging stations________ In pocket 2. Geologic map and sections of the central part of the Santa Ynez River basin___________________________._____________ In pocket 3. Geologic map of the western part of the Santa Ynez River basin____________________________________________ In pocket 4. Geologic cross sections in the western part of the Santa Ynez River basin_________________________________________ In pocket 5. Map and sections of the Lompoc plain showing younger alluvium, underlying formations and their relation to the main water­ bearing zone______-___________________-__--_-.__--_- In pocket 6. Map of the central part of the Santa Ynez Rivet basin showing water-surface contours as of April 9-10, 1945_..~_________ In pocket 7. Map of the western part of the Santa Ynez River basin showing contours on piezometric surface of the deep water body as of April 1941____________________._______ In pocket FIGURE 1. Index map of Santa Barbara County, Calif, showing the Santa Ynez River basin and areas of intensive ground-water investigation covered by this report.____________________ 4 2. Low-water profile and approximate depth to consolidated rock along the Santa Ynez River between San Lucas Bridge and the Pacific Ocean_______________________.______ ____ 72 VI CONTENTS Page FiatrBE 3. Cross-sections of unconsolidated deposits along the Santa Ynez River at six places between San Lucas Bridge and the Pacific O_ean_____________________________________ 75 4. Average monthly natural runoff, in acre-feet, from the basin of the Santa Ynez River in the 16 years ending September 30, 1929-44______.___________________________________ 82 5, 6, 7, 8. Losses and gains along the Santa Ynez River below San Lucas Bridge as defined by representative gagings made about simultaneously, 1931-44____________.______ 84-87 9. Measured increase or decrease of flow in the Santa Ynez River across the western part of the Lompoc plain, 1930-44. 98 10. Fluctuations of water level in well 7/31-36L2 on the Santa Ynez upland_________________________________________ 105 11. Fluctuations of water levels in four wells in the Buellton subarea, 1931-44..___________________________ 111 12. Map of the eastern part of the Lompoc plain showing water- table contours for May 3, 1944-______._________________ 122 13. Map of the eastern part of the Lompoc plain showing water- table contours for September 27, 1944______________
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