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												  SNMP Trap - Firewall RulesSNMP Trap - Firewall Rules Article Number: 87 | Rating: 1/5 from 1 votes | Last Updated: Wed, Jan 13, 2021 at 4:42 PM Fir e wall Rule s These steps explain how to check if the Operating System (OS) of the Nagios server has firewall rules enabled to allow inbound SNMP Trap UDP port 162 traffic. The different supported OS's have different firewall commands which are explained as follows. You will need to establish an SSH session to the Nagios server that is receiving SNMP Traps. RHEL 7/8 | C e nt O S 7/8 | O r ac le Linux 7/8 First check the status of the firewall: systemctl status firewalld.service IF the firewall is running , it should product output like: ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Tue 2018-11-20 10:05:15 AEDT; 1 weeks 0 days ago Docs: man:firewalld(1) Main PID: 647 (firewalld) CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service └─647 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid IF the firewall is NO T running, it will produce this output: ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: inactive (dead) since Tue 2018-11-27 14:11:34 AEDT; 965ms ago Docs: man:firewalld(1) Main PID: 647 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) If the firewall is NOT running, this means that inbound traffic is allowed. To ENABLE the firewall on b o o t and to s ta rt it, execute the following commands: systemctl
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												  Firewalld ↔ Iptables (Continued)firewalld ↔ iptables (continued) Or, better said as, Understanding Linux Firewall Changes and Tools A firewall evolution and system management process Presented to SLUUG By David Forrest August 9, 2017 Bio I am David Forrest, a businessman in the housing and construction materials industry. Always keen to use the open and supportable solution even if it means getting my hands dirty. I was there, I did that, I have the t-shirt. And, I'm retired so now I can work on the “bleeding edge” - so on to the testing kernel! Why tonight? Why should we switch to firewalld? I felt a continuation was in order to address the problems that are caused by the virtual world and the interaction of processes within today's machines. Our various distributions seem to be jumping to the systemd init setup as it appears to offer better administration control to Linux Kernel machines. Firewalld just one of many efforts to see the future. In recent years, operating system virtualization has taken the industry by storm. But I'm still on CentOS7 and it uses firewalld as its default firewall along with systemd https://wiki.debian.org/Debate/initsystem/systemd firewalld It's a daemon and a command line interface to all the backends! One can start it as a service with a default setup and change it dynamically with a command line or with the daemon using D-Bus or NetworkManager. And with the new nftables release, we'll be able to combine several rules in one rich rule. The firewalld Architecture Firewalld and nft Systems have also moved toward Software Defined Networking (SDN) and system density has increased.
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												  Test-Beds and Guidelines for Securing Iot Products and for Secure Set-Up Production EnvironmentsIoT4CPS – Trustworthy IoT for CPS FFG - ICT of the Future Project No. 863129 Deliverable D7.4 Test-beds and guidelines for securing IoT products and for secure set-up production environments The IoT4CPS Consortium: AIT – Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH AVL – AVL List GmbH DUK – Donau-Universit t Krems I!AT – In"neon Technologies Austria AG #KU – JK Universit t Lin$ / Institute for &ervasive 'om(uting #) – Joanneum )esearch !orschungsgesellschaft mbH *+KIA – No,ia -olutions an. Net/or,s 0sterreich GmbH *1& – *1& -emicon.uctors Austria GmbH -2A – -2A )esearch GmbH -)!G – -al$burg )esearch !orschungsgesellschaft -''H – -oft/are 'om(etence 'enter Hagenberg GmbH -AG0 – -iemens AG 0sterreich TTTech – TTTech 'om(utertechni, AG IAIK – TU Gra$ / Institute for A((lie. Information &rocessing an. 'ommunications ITI – TU Gra$ / Institute for Technical Informatics TU3 – TU 3ien / Institute of 'om(uter 4ngineering 1*4T – 1-Net -ervices GmbH © Copyright 2020, the Members of the IoT4CPS Consortium !or more information on this .ocument or the IoT5'&- (ro6ect, (lease contact8 9ario Drobics7 AIT Austrian Institute of Technology7 mario:.robics@ait:ac:at IoT4C&- – <=>?@A Test-be.s an. guidelines for securing IoT (ro.ucts an. for secure set-up (ro.uction environments Dissemination level8 &U2LI' Document Control Title8 Test-be.s an. gui.elines for securing IoT (ro.ucts an. for secure set-u( (ro.uction environments Ty(e8 &ublic 4.itorBsC8 Katharina Kloiber 4-mail8 ,,;D-net:at AuthorBsC8 Katharina Kloiber, Ni,olaus DEr,, -ilvio -tern )evie/erBsC8 -te(hanie von )E.en, Violeta Dam6anovic, Leo Ha((-2otler Doc ID8 DF:5 Amendment History Version Date Author Description/Comments VG:? ?>:G?:@G@G -ilvio -tern Technology Analysis VG:@ ?G:G>:@G@G -ilvio -tern &ossible )esearch !iel.s for the -2I--ystem VG:> >?:G<:@G@G Katharina Kloiber Initial version (re(are.
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												  Status of Open Source and Commercial Ipv6 Firewall Implementations (Paper)Status of Open Source and commercial IPv6 firewall implementations Dr. Peter Bieringer AERAsec Network Services & Security GmbH [email protected] http://www.aerasec.de/ European Conference on Applied IPv6 (ECAI6) Cologne, Germany September 6 - 7, 2007 Abstract IPv6, the successor of IPv4, has been ready for production for quite some time. For security reason, firewalling in IPv6 is also an important requirement. This paper presents an overview of the status of Open Source and commer- cial implementations. Introduction With IPv4 nowadays, many client-to-server and most client-to-client communications are intercepted by gate- ways with address and port masquerading abilities, usually named Network (and Port) Address Translation (NAT, NAPT). This prohibits native client-to-client communication, if both peers are located behind such gate- ways. In this case, only special tunnelling techniques, like STUN (Simple traversal of UDP over NATs), which requires special servers located at the Internet, or other ªfirewall-piercingº methods can help to establish native and bidirectional client-to-client communication. One of the goals of IPv6 is the re-introduction of bidirectional, native end-to-end communication without play- ing any tricks on gateways in between. Also, IPv6 has a large enough address space which should suffice for the next decades. Therefore NAT was left out by design, too. Jumping back to IPv4, the initial intention of introducing NAT was the lack of IPv4 addresses for use in internal networks, while still allowing clients to open connections to the Internet via a hiding mechanism. It turned out to also protect internal networks against threats from the Internet, because under normal circumstances (bug- free stateful hiding-NAT implementation on the gateway) it©s not possible for an outside node to connect to an internal host without any dedicated rule on the gateway.
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												  Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Firewalld HowtoRed Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Firewalld HowTo Patrick Ladd Technical Account Manager, Red Hat [email protected] What Is firewalld? • Dynamic, modern control of system firewall functions • Still iptables underneath • Major features; – Real time rule changes without interruption – Zones to simplify and segregate configuration – Separate network traffic & rules by interface and zone – GUI that works – System configs in /usr/lib/firewalld/* – Custom configs in /etc/firewalld/* – Daemon runs in user space – Protocol independent: IPv4 & IPv6 Zones ● Manages groups of rules ● Dictate what traffic should be allowed – Based on level of trust in connected network(s) – Based on origin of packet ● Network interfaces are assigned a zone Default Pre-Defined Zones ● drop Drop all incoming traffic unless related to outgoing traffic (do not even respond with ICMP errors). ● block Reject all incoming traffic unless related to outgoing traffic. ● dmz Reject incoming traffic unless related to outgoing traffic or matching the ssh pre-defined service. ● external Reject incoming traffic unless related to outgoing traffic or matching the ssh pre-defined service. Outgoing IPv4 traffic forwarded through this zone is masqueraded to look like it originated from the IPv4 address of the outgoing network interface. Default Pre-Defined Zones ● public Reject incoming traffic unless related to outgoing traffic or matching the ssh, or dhcpv6-client pre-defined services. The default zone for newly-added network interfaces. ● work Reject incoming traffic unless related to outgoing traffic or matching the ssh, ipp-client, ordhcpv6-client pre- defined services. Default Pre-Defined Zones ● internal Reject incoming traffic unless related to outgoing traffic or matching the ssh, mdns, ipp-client, samba-client, or dhcpv6-client pre-defined services.
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												  Getting Started with Ubuntu 12.04Getting Started withUbuntu 12.04 Second Edition The Ubuntu Manual Team Copyright © – by e Ubuntu Manual Team. Some rights reserved. cba is work is licensed under the Creative Commons Aribution–Share Alike . License. To view a copy of this license, see Appendix A, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/./, or send a leer to Creative Commons, Second Street, Suite , San Francisco, California, , USA. Geing Started with Ubuntu . can be downloaded for free from http:// ubuntu-manual.org/ or purchased from http://ubuntu-manual.org/buy/ gswue/en_US. A printed copy of this book can be ordered for the price of printing and delivery. We permit and even encourage you to dis- tribute a copy of this book to colleagues, friends, family, and anyone else who might be interested. http://ubuntu-manual.org Second Edition Revision number: Revision date: -- :: + Contents Prologue Welcome Ubuntu Philosophy A brief history of Ubuntu Is Ubuntu right for you? Contact details About the team Conventions used in this book Installation Geing Ubuntu Trying out Ubuntu Installing Ubuntu—Geing started Finishing Installation Ubuntu installer for Windows e Ubuntu Desktop Understanding the Ubuntu desktop Unity Using Launcher e Dash Workspaces Managing windows Browsing files on your computer Nautilus file manager Searching for files and folders on your computer Customizing your desktop Accessibility Session options Geing help Working with Ubuntu All the applications you need Geing online Browsing the web Reading and composing email Using instant messaging Microblogging Viewing and editing photos Watching videos and movies Listening to audio and music Burning CDs and DVDs Working with documents, spreadsheets, and presentations Ubuntu One Hardware Using your devices Hardware identification .
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												  Step-By-Step Guide to Linux Security for BeginnersStep-by-step guide to Linux security for beginners Clément Levallois 2017-04-03 Table of Contents Ordering the server . 1 Get the latest versions of all packages . 1 Harden the kernel . 2 Forward root mail . 2 Change the SSH port. 2 Creating a user and disabling logging for root . 3 1. Installing the sudo command: 3 2. Adding a new user (let’s call it "myUser") 4 3. Enabling server connections via myUser 4 4. Disabling connection through root 4 Disabling password authentication, enabling SSH. 4 How to generate a SSH key? 5 How to disable password auth and enable SSH? 5 Setting up a firewall. 6 ip tables 6 better: uncomplicated firewall 7 Use anti-intrusion defenses and audit systems . 7 Psad 7 fail2ban 8 Lynis 8 the end. 9 last modified: 2018-10-01 Ordering the server • Server ordered on Hetzner.de (based in Germany, dirt cheap, but without management.) • Remember to install the Linux version not from the rescue system in the console but from https://robot.your-server.de/server/index in the "Linux" tab. (installing from the rescue system provided with the bare server causes a ssh key mess) • I use Debian, version 8.7 (why?) • Vi is used as a text editor in the following • we are logged as root first Get the latest versions of all packages Do: apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade Because: apt-get update → refreshes the repositories and fetches information about packages that are available online. apt-get upgrade → downloads and installs updates for all installed packages - as long as it doesn’t bother dependencies (install new packages, remove old ones or crosses a repo source (switch a package from one repo to another)).
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												  Ubuntu: Unleashed 2017 EditionMatthew Helmke with Andrew Hudson and Paul Hudson Ubuntu UNLEASHED 2017 Edition 800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA Ubuntu Unleashed 2017 Edition Editor-in-Chief Copyright © 2017 by Pearson Education, Inc. Mark Taub All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected Acquisitions Editor by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohib- Debra Williams ited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information Cauley regarding permissions, request forms and the appropriate contacts within the Pearson Managing Editor Education Global Rights & Permissions Department, please visit www.pearsoned.com/ permissions/. Sandra Schroeder Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their Project Editor products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and Lori Lyons the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. Production Manager The author and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make Dhayanidhi no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in Proofreader connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained Sasirekha herein. Technical Editor For information about buying this title in bulk quantities, or for special sales opportunities (which may include electronic versions; custom cover designs; and content José Antonio Rey particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, or branding interests), Editorial Assistant please contact our corporate sales department at [email protected] or (800) 382-3419.
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												  Ubuntu Server Guide Basic Installation Preparing to InstallUbuntu Server Guide Welcome to the Ubuntu Server Guide! This site includes information on using Ubuntu Server for the latest LTS release, Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa). For an offline version as well as versions for previous releases see below. Improving the Documentation If you find any errors or have suggestions for improvements to pages, please use the link at thebottomof each topic titled: “Help improve this document in the forum.” This link will take you to the Server Discourse forum for the specific page you are viewing. There you can share your comments or let us know aboutbugs with any page. PDFs and Previous Releases Below are links to the previous Ubuntu Server release server guides as well as an offline copy of the current version of this site: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa): PDF Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver): Web and PDF Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus): Web and PDF Support There are a couple of different ways that the Ubuntu Server edition is supported: commercial support and community support. The main commercial support (and development funding) is available from Canonical, Ltd. They supply reasonably- priced support contracts on a per desktop or per-server basis. For more information see the Ubuntu Advantage page. Community support is also provided by dedicated individuals and companies that wish to make Ubuntu the best distribution possible. Support is provided through multiple mailing lists, IRC channels, forums, blogs, wikis, etc. The large amount of information available can be overwhelming, but a good search engine query can usually provide an answer to your questions.
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												  Ubuntu Server Guide Ubuntu Server Guide Copyright © 2010 Canonical LtdUbuntu Server Guide Ubuntu Server Guide Copyright © 2010 Canonical Ltd. and members of the Ubuntu Documentation Project3 Abstract Welcome to the Ubuntu Server Guide! It contains information on how to install and configure various server applications on your Ubuntu system to fit your needs. It is a step-by-step, task-oriented guide for configuring and customizing your system. Credits and License This document is maintained by the Ubuntu documentation team (https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam). For a list of contributors, see the contributors page1 This document is made available under the Creative Commons ShareAlike 2.5 License (CC-BY-SA). You are free to modify, extend, and improve the Ubuntu documentation source code under the terms of this license. All derivative works must be released under this license. This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AS DESCRIBED IN THE DISCLAIMER. A copy of the license is available here: Creative Commons ShareAlike License2. 3 https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-core-doc 1 ../../libs/C/contributors.xml 2 /usr/share/ubuntu-docs/libs/C/ccbysa.xml Table of Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1. Support .......................................................................................................................... 2 2. Installation ............................................................................................................................
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												  The Next Generation Firewall for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 RC Thomas Graf Red Hat AgendaThe Next Generation Firewall for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 RC Thomas Graf Red Hat Agenda ● FirewallD – Firewall Management as a Service ● Kernel – New Filtering Capabilities ● Nftables – A Look Ahead FirewallD Firewall Management as a Service Existing Packet Filtering Architecture User iptables ip6tables ebtables Land Kernel Netfilter IPv4 IPv6 Bridge Protocol dependent packet filter and utilities Firewall Management as a Service Application Reports User Interface Direct Graphical Access CLI FirewallD IPv4 IPv6 Bridge FirewallD – Features • Unified firewall management as a service • No service disruptions during rule updates • Firewall zones • D-Bus interface • Runtime & permanent configuration • Graphical & console user interface • Direct access FirewallD – Policy Abstraction Policy Zone FirewallD – Zone Policy • Default policy • Enabled services • Rich rules • Masquerading • Port forwarding • ICMP filter FirewallD – Graphical User Interface FirewallD – Command Line Interface • Add interface “eth0” to zone “public” permanently: # firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=internal --add-interface=eth0 • List enabled services: # firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-services RHEL7 Netfilter Kernel Changes Scaling of Legacy Applications (xt_cpu) 80 8080 CPU 1 App #1 on 8080 REDIRECT 80 8081 RSS CPU 2 App #2 on 8081 REDIRECT 80 808n CPU n App #n on 808n REDIRECT # iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 \ -m cpu --cpu 0 -j REDIRECT --to-port 8080 # iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 \ -m cpu --cpu 1 -j REDIRECT --to-port 8081 Connection
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												  Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Version 6Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Version 6 Modu le LX Firewall Technologies News Source: http://www.internetnews.com/ Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited Module Objective This modu le will fam iliar ize you wihith: • Firewalls • Hardware Firewalls • Software Firewalls • Mac OS X Firewall • LINUX Firewall • Windows Firewall Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited Module Flow Firewalls Mac OS X Firewall Hardware Firewalls LINUX Firewall Software Firewalls Windows Firewall Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited Firewalls: Introduction A firewall is a program or hardware device that protects the resources of a private netw ork from users of other networks It is responsible for the traffic to be allowed to pass, block, or refuse Firewall also works with the proxy server It helps in the protection of the private network from the users of the different network Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited Hardware Firewalls Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited Hardware Firewall Har dware Firewa lls are place d in the perime ter of the networ k It employs a technique of packet filtering It reads the header of a packet to find out the source and destination address The information is then compared with the set of predefined and/orand/ or user created rules that determine whether the packet is forwarded or dropped Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited Netgear Firewall Features: • ItInterne t shar ing broa dbddband router and 4-port switch • 2x the speed and 4x times the coverage of a Wireless-G router • Configurable for private networks and public hotspots • Double Firewall protection from external hackers attacks • Touchless WiFi Security makes it easy to secure your network Copyright © by EC-Council EC-Council All Rights Reserved.