Science Resource Pages

Grade 4

CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_ i-vi i FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 2/14/07 2:50:58 PM Copyright © by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission is hereby granted to individuals using the corresponding student’s textbook or kit as the major vehicle for regular classroom instruction to photocopy Copying Masters from this publication in classroom quantities for instructional use and not for resale. Requests for information on other matters regarding duplication of this work should be addressed to School Permissions and Copyrights, Harcourt, Inc., 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777. Fax: 407-345-2418. HARCOURT and the Harcourt Logo are trademarks of Harcourt, Inc., registered in the United States of America and/or other jurisdictions. Printed in the United States of America ISBN-13: 978-0-15-364697-3 ISBN-10: 0-15-364697-7

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CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_ i-vi ii FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 2/15/07 12:10:55 PM Contents

Getting to Know Your Textbook...... RS1

Chapter 1 Getting Ready for Science Lesson 1 What Are Inquiry Tools? Quick Study ...... RS3 Lesson 2 What Are Inquiry Skills? Quick Study ...... RS5 Lesson 3 How Do Scientists Use Graphs? Quick Study ...... RS7 Lesson 4 What Is the Scientific Method? Quick Study ...... RS9 Vocabulary Power ...... RS11

Unit A Writing Practice...... RS12

Chapter 2 Planets and Stars Lesson 1 How Do Earth and Its Moon Move? Quick Study ...... RS13 Extra Support, Patterns in Space...... RS15 Lesson 2 What Objects Are in the Solar System? Quick Study ...... RS17 Extra Support, Space Research/Exploration...... RS19 Lesson 3 What Can We See in the Sky? Quick Study ...... RS21 Extra Support, Stars...... RS23 Vocabulary Power ...... RS25

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CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_ i-vi iii FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 3/20/07 8:49:40 AM Chapter 3 Weather Lesson 1 What Is the Water Cycle? Quick Study ...... RS26 Lesson 2 How Do the Oceans and the Water Cycle Affect Weather? Quick Study ...... RS28 Extra Support, Types of Precipitation ...... RS30 Lesson 3 How Is Weather Predicted? Quick Study ...... RS31 Extra Support, Weather Maps ...... RS33 Vocabulary Power ...... RS35

Unit B Writing Practice ...... RS36

Chapter 4 Sound and Light Lesson 1 What Is Sound? Quick Study ...... RS37 Lesson 2 What Is Light? Quick Study ...... RS39 Lesson 3 How Do Objects Bend Light? Quick Study ...... RS41 Vocabulary Power ...... RS43

Chapter 5 Forces and Motion Lesson 1 How Is Motion Described and Measured? Quick Study ...... RS44 Lesson 2 How Do Forces Affect Motion? Quick Study ...... RS46 Lesson 3 How Does Gravity Affect Motion? Quick Study ...... RS48 Vocabulary Power ...... RS50

CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_ i-vi iv FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 3/20/07 8:49:48 AM Chapter 6 Simple Machines Lesson 1 How Do Simple Machines Help People Do Work? Quick Study ...... RS51 Lesson 2 How Do a Pulley and a Wheel-and-Axle Help People Do Work? Quick Study ...... RS53 Lesson 3 How Do Other Simple Machines Help People Do Work? Quick Study ...... RS55 Vocabulary Power ...... RS57

Unit C Writing Practice ...... RS58

Chapter 7 Food Energy in Ecosystems Lesson 1 What Is an Ecosystem? Quick Study ...... RS59 Lesson 2 What Are the Roles of Producers, Consumers, and Decomposers? Quick Study ...... RS61 Lesson 3 How Does Energy Flow Through an Ecosystem? Quick Study ...... RS63 Lesson 4 What Factors Influence Ecosystems? Quick Study ...... RS65 Extra Support, Change in Ecosystems ...... RS67 Vocabulary Power ...... RS69

CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_ i-vi v FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 3/20/07 8:49:54 AM Chapter 8 Adaptations for Survival Lesson 1 What Are Physical Adaptations? Quick Study ...... RS70 Extra Support, Animal Adaptations ...... RS72 Lesson 2 What Are Behavioral Adaptations? Quick Study ...... RS74 Vocabulary Power ...... RS76

Vocabulary Games and Cards Vocabulary Games ...... RS78 Vocabulary Cards ...... RS83

CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_ i-vi vi FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 2/14/07 2:53:00 PM Name Getting to Know Your Textbook Date

Welcome to Science by Harcourt School Publishers. You can look forward to an exciting year of discovery.

Your textbook has many features that can help you learn science this year. Use this scavenger hunt to learn more about it. 1. What animal is on the cover of your book? Name one fact about the animal. 2. What is the copyright year of your book? 3. How many authors are there? Name one.

4. How many chapters are in your book? Name one.

5. Find the chapter called “Getting Ready for Science.” Name one of the science tools you will use this year. 6. Name two of the steps of the Scientific Method, found in the same chapter.

7. What are the three handbooks in the back of your book?

8. What Reading Focus Skill is used in Lesson 1 of Chapter 2? © Harcourt

9. What is the first word in the glossary? 10. What is the last term listed in the index?

Reading Support and Homework RS 1

CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_001-002 1 FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 2/14/07 2:54:39 PM Name

11. Name the title and page number of an Investigate you would like to try.

12. Name the title and page number of an Insta-Lab you would like to try.

13. Name the title and page number of a Science Project for Home or School you would like to try. 14. What three types of links are found at the end of Lesson 2 in Chapter 3?

15. Find a Fast Fact that you find interesting. Write its title and page number.

16. What is the title of the Science Up Close feature in Chapter 5?

17. Turn to page R36. What is one way you can be safe when doing experiments?

18. The Science Spin features come from what magazine?

19. Write the name of a person featured in one of the Science Spin People features. 20. Write three new things you expect to learn about this year. © Harcourt

RS 2 Reading Support and Homework

CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_001-002 2 FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 2/14/07 2:54:54 PM Name Lesson Quick Study Date Lesson 1—What Are Inquiry Tools?

1. Investigation Skill Practice–Measure Jonathan needs to add 10 drops of soap to the bubble mixture he is making. The tools in his science lab include a measuring cup, beaker, graduated cylinder, and dropper. Which tool should he select to accurately measure this volume of liquid? Why?

2. Use Vocabulary

Complete each sentence with the correct term from the box. To measure an object’s weight in newtons, you would use a . microscope spring scale A makes objects look many times larger than they are.

3. Reading Skill Practice–Main Idea and Details

Read the selection. Underline the main idea. List at least two details about the main idea. Christina wanted to measure the temperature of the chocolate that she was melting. She knew that she could use the numbers on a thermometer to measure how warm the liquid was. Christina carefully placed the thermometer in the melted chocolate. As the liquid inside the thermometer got warmer, it expanded and rose up in © Harcourt the tube. Then she read the number closest to the top of the liquid to discover the temperature of the melted chocolate.

Use with pages 2–13. (page 1 of 2) Reading Support and Homework RS 3

CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_003-012 3 FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 2/14/07 2:55:30 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_003-012 4 RS 4 4. Name 5. A Two for measuring tools

Main Idea: body parts tobody measure parts distance? Complete thegraphicorganizershownbelow. CriticalThinkingandProblem Solving Reading and Support Homework How would measurements bedifferent peoplestillused today if

MainIdeaandDetails Scientists use many different tools tomeasure, tools observe,Scientists usemanydifferent andhandle. B

Two for observing tools C

(page 2of2) D

Use with pages Usewith 2–13. F One tool forhandling One tool L O R I D A

I M E A

G I N G

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© Harcourt 2. Use with pages 14 –27. –27. pagesUse with 14 1. Skills? Inquiry Are 2—What Lesson Date Name 3. An An educated guess about the design of thecocklebur. of educated guessaboutthedesign events, distributed.the plantwaswidely Basedonthispattern of took Brian an clung toknew thattheburr hisdog’s hiked. furwhenthey In hisexperience, far from theplant. details aboutthemainidea. Read theselection.Underlinemainidea.Listatleastthree happennext,guess aboutwhatwill you are making a Wh Complete eachsentencewiththecorrecttermfrombox. your modelcomparetoanactualbuilding? plan soyoucoulddoubletheheightofyourbuilding?Howwould In theInvestigateyoumadeamodelofbuilding.Whatwould a measurement. Use Vocabulary Models Investigation SkillPractice–Use Br en you useyour knowledge to make aneducated

ian used inquiry skillsto predict thatthecocklebur toian usedinquiry travel wasdesigned Process Black

Reading Skill Practice–Main IdeaandDetails Reading SkillPractice–Main

He He (page 1 of2) observed that the burr hadhooked thattheburr observed bristles. He already .

is aneducated guessabout edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework Quick Study Quick Study prediction estimate Lesson Lesson

1/24/08 10:41:55 AM S5 RS 5

CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_003-012 6

4. Name RS 6 5. A

Complete thegraphicorganizershownbelow. W Critical ThinkingandProblem Solving Read hat investigation you skillsmight use? Su

ppose you were helpingyour make friends homemadeice cream. Main Idea:

Main IdeaandDetails ing ing Support andSupport Homework

Scientists use many different inquiryskills. Scientists usemanydifferent B

(page 2 of2)

s ihpgs1 –27. pagesUse with 14

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© Harcourt 2. Use with pages 28–37. pagesUse with 28–37. 1. UseGraphs? 3—HowDoScientists Lesson Date Name 3. students were right-handed. thestudentswerethat 10percent the left-handedand90percent of of Ne poll. counted They 40studentsinallandrecorded theirdatainatable. co project. decided to They display to theirdatainacircle easily graph details aboutthemainidea. Read theselection.Underlinemainidea.Circleatleasttwo y When Complete eachsentencewiththecorrecttermfrombox. What doesthislinegraphshow? A on a graph shows you onagraph thesize theunits. of A order to draw conclusions. Use Vocabulary Data Investigation SkillPractice–Display mpare orleft-handed. whetherstudentswere took right- a Firstthey xt, displayed they theirdatainacircle showed graph. Thegraph Ms. Shea’s class neededto forascience make agraph fourth-grade

Reading Skill Practice –Main IdeaandDetails –Main Reading SkillPractice ou (page 1 of2)

data, you analyze itin

edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework Temperature (°F) 100 120 60 80 8 :00 A.M. Temperature inSolarCollector 10:00 A.M. 12:00 P.M. Time 2:00 Quick Study Quick Study scale interpret P.M. 4:00 Lesson Lesson P.M. 6:00

S7 RS 7 1/24/08 9:22:43 AM P.M. CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_003-012 8

RS 8 4. Name 5. A

for Walter to display hisdataforthevet? Why? that Walter hispetonce weigh amonth. What would beagoodway period. His guineapigisonadiet, andtheveterinarian recommended Complete thegraphicorganizershownbelow. CriticalThinkingandProblem Solving Reading and Support Homework bar graph Walter hispetguineapigover a6-month of the weight isstudying

MainIdeaandDetails Main Idea:

Graphs have different parts,orfeatures. Graphshavedifferent B

line graph (page 2of2)

Use with pages Usewith 28–37. C F

circle graph L O R I D A

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© Harcourt 2. 3. 1. Method? Scientific the Is 4—What Lesson Date Name Use with pages 38–47. pagesUse with 38–47. Yvonne’s would findings allow othersto from learn herexperiment. any mistakes, otherscould buildnewideasonreliable knowledge. similar results repeated whenthey herinvestigation. identified they If check herwork. By double-checking Yvonne’s work, othersshouldget about themainidea. Read theselection.Underlinemainidea.Listatleasttwodetails Write asentencethatcorrectlyusestheterm UseVocabulary sunny day.Describeanexperimenttotestyourhypothesis. warmed upmorequicklythananimalswithlight-coloredfurona Suppose youwantedtotestwhetheranimalswithdark-coloredfur InvestigationSkillPractice–Experiment Yvonne sootherscould herexperiment double- shared theresult of

Reading Skill Practice –Main IdeaandDetails –Main ReadingSkillPractice (page 1of2) edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework F L scientific method O R I D A

I M A G I Quick Study Quick Study N G

P D Lesson Lesson F RS 9 2/14/07 2:56:49 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_003-012 10

RS 10 4. Name 5. and askquestions. Step 1: Step 3: Plananexperiment. Step 2: Form a B

from your experiment? Why? What thescientificmethodwould helpyour to step learn friend of this.results support predictsA friend thatthetoffee would meltfastest. fastest. You predict thatthechocolate barwould meltfastest. Your test Complete thegraphicorganizershownbelow. CriticalThinkingandProblem Solving Reading and Support Homework Suppose you need to know which type of candy will meltthe candySuppose will you needto of know which type A Main Idea:

MainIdeaandDetails

TheScientificmethodconsistsoffivesteps. .

(page 2of 2) and communicateresults. Step 5: Step 4: Conductan C

Use with pages Usewith 38–47. F L O R I D A

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© Harcourt ContextClues Method? The Scientific Date Name Use with ChapterUse with 1. word. Writethemeaningonline. Read eachsentence.Thinkaboutthemeaningofunderlined 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. After experimenting with thestraws,After with experimenting thestudentswrote areport. Jim drew conclusions after hecompleted hisexperiment. gotthesameresult inherexperiment. Sara foreach trial would betestedOnly onevariable inRoger’s experiment. Sandy neededto test herhypothesis thatshecould rollerskate faster on The scientificmethodcanhelpyou to test ideas. wood becausewood floorsthanoncarpet haslower rolling resistance.

(page 1of 1) edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework F L O R I D A

I M A G I N Vocabulary Vocabulary G

P D F Power Power RS 11 2/14/07 2:57:18 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_003-012 12 RS 12 Complete theoutlinebelowtohelpyouorganizeyourwriting. tosupportyourargument. benefits ofpastspaceexplorationefforts sources tocontinuefundingforspaceexploration.Usedetailsaboutthe Write aneditorialforasciencemagazine,urginggovernmentandprivate Persuasive–Editorial Editorial Write an Date Name Restate yourposition. Detail 3: Detail 2: Detail Give supportingdetails. State yourposition. 1 Reading Support and Homework Use with UnitA. Usewith Reading and Support Homework : F L O R I D A

I M A Practice Practice Writing Writing G I N G

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© Harcourt 3. 2. 1. Lesson Date Name Use with pages 56–67. pagesUse with 56–67. The is the imaginary line from one pole of Earth to theother. Earth linefrom onepoleof istheimaginary The these temperature changes? months.winter What do you notice? What caused temperatures theday during forthesummerand 1 Put thefollowingeventsincorrect sequence. Numbertheevents Practice–Sequence ReadingSkill When moves Earth around thesun, it Complete eachsentencewiththecorrecttermfrombox. UseVocabulary SkillPractice–Measure Inquiry h onhs thatfollow apattern, repeating 29 about every The moonhas to3.Beginwiththenewmoonphase. Lupe measured andrecorded theaverage themoonis visible. None thelitsideof of from Earth. themoonisvisible The entire litside of themoonisvisible. More thelitsideof of 1 - How Do Earth and Its MoonMove? Its and -HowDoEarth

__ 1 2 days. (page 1of 2) edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework F L O R I D A thesun.

I M A June 79°F February 34°F January 30°F December 32°F August 87°F July 85°F G I Quick Study Quick Study N G

P D Lesson Lesson F moon axis orbits phases RS 13 2/14/07 2:58:25 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_013-025 14 5. RS 14 4. Name solstice winter moon. Why doyou usemodelsto thinkthey study thesemovements? Critical ThinkingandProblem Solving Critical Complete thegraphicorganizershownbelow. Reading and Support Homework Scientists often andits usemodelsto study themovementsEarth of

Sequence spring A

(page 2of2) B

Use with pages Usewith 56–67. F L O R I D A

I M A G equinox fall I N G

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Patterns Patterns

2. 1. themodel.Look atthepicture of What doesitrepresent? thesunandshadows.Look atthepictures of how Describe shadows change throughout theday. (page 1of 2) edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework F L O

R I D A

I M A Chapter 2,Lesson 1 G I N G

P Support Support D F Extra Extra RS 15 2/14/07 2:58:57 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_013-025 16 Name RS 16 3. In the drawing below, the moon is in different positionsasitorbits Inthedrawingbelow,moonisindifferent 3. how themoonappearsfromEarthinnightsky. time. For eachofthefourdrawings,inright-handcolumndraw the moonthatisdark.Next,shadehalfofEarthinnight- Earth. Colorthesunyellow.Usingcolorgray,shadeinhalfof Read ing ing Support andSupport Homework Process Black (page 2 of2) Use with pagesUse with 56–67. 1/24/08 9:54:37 AM

© Harcourt 1. 2- Lesson Date Name Use with pages 68–79. pagesUse with 68–79. 2. 3. diameter isabout12,700kilometers (7890mi). It hasonemoon. an inner, rocky planet, asurface thatis70percent with water. Earth’s is about6700kilometers (4200mi). Mars hastwo moons. is Earth Read theselection.CompareandcontrastMarsEarth. and “ Write acompletesentencethatusestheterms UseVocabulary space belowtolisttheplanetsbynumber. planets. Labelthesun.eachplanetwithanumber.Use Use thenumbersshowntodrawamodeloforderinner Numbers SkillPractice–Use Inquiry ecr 57.9 millionkilometers Mercury lntDistancefromtheSun Planet Venus Earth as227.9millionkilometers Mars Mars isaninner, noliquidwater. rocky planetwith Its diameter

dwarf planets” Reading Skill Practice– Compare and Contrast Compare andContrast Practice– ReadingSkill 1 1 08.2 millionkilometers 49.6 millionkilometers Solar System? Solar inthe Are Objects What correctly. (page 1of2) edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework F L O solar system R I D A

I M A G I Quick Study Quick Study N , planets G

P D Lesson Lesson F , RS 17 2/14/07 3:01:47 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_013-025 18 5. RS 18 4. Name moons No morethan surfaces Small withrocky Close to Different? What’s Mercury iscloserto thesun. atmosphere. Explainwhy Venus ishotter thanMercury, even though dioxide. carbon a thickatmosphere madeof Mercury thin hasavery Complete thegraphicorganizershownbelow. ThinkingandProblem Solving Critical ne lnt OuterPlanets Inner Planets Reading and Support Homework Mercury and Venus are thetwo planetsclosest to thesun. Venus has

Compare and Contrast Compare andContrast A Planets orbit Part ofthe theSame? What’s B (page 2of2) Use with pages Usewith 68–79. F and rock Rings ofdust,ice, fromthe Have many sun Different? What’s C L O R I D A

I M A G I N G

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© Harcourt Use with pages 68–79. pagesUse with 68–79. Research A. Internet Research/Exploration Space Date Name below. about it.Usetheinformationyoureadtoanswerquestions listed onthewebsite.Clickiconforthatmissionandread Click ontheMissions Visit theNASAgovernmentwebsiteathttp://www.nasa.gov. W 5. 4. 3. 2. W 1. Is Is themission. of thepurpose Describe Wh hat parts of the solar system will beexplored thismission? thesolarsystem will during of hat parts themission? hat isthenameof the missionmannedorunmanned? en does the mission begin andend? en does themissionbegin (page 1 of2) button. SelectoneoftheCurrentMissions edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework Chapter 2,Lesson 2 Support Support Extra Extra

S1 RS 19 1/24/08 9:27:42 AM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_013-025 20 RS 20 B. Research Halley’s Comet Name questions below. Use thelibraryorinternettoresearchHalley’s Comet.Answerthe 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Reading and Support Homework Write explaining how people paragraph have ashort Halley’s observed Who isthecomet namedafter? When isthenext beableto timewe seeHalley’s will Comet? Which direction does acomet’s tailpoint? Why does Halley’s Comet travel through oursolarsystem regularly? What causesthetailonHalley’s Comet? Comet since 1682? (page 2of2) Use with pages Usewith 68–79. F L O R I D A

I M A G I N G

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© Harcourt 2. Use with pages 82–93. pagesUse with 82–93. 1. 3- Lesson Date Name 3. starsdo notchange.patterns of difference isthattheplanetsseemto wanderthrough theconstellations, whose light. However, asteady starstwinkle, whileplanetsshinewith light. Another Planets andstarscanbedifficultto tell apart. Bothlooklike smallpointsof about themainidea. Read theselection.Underlinemainidea.Listatleasttwodetails in theblank. Match theclueonlefttotermright.Writeletter and whatwouldyoustudyinvestigate? simple investigationtostudyJupiter.When Suppose youhadalargetelescope.Plan photograph taken throughatelescope. The drawingofJupiterisbasedona Use Vocabulary Use Vocabulary anInvestigation SkillsPractice–Plan Inquiry In In

ev picture inthesky animaginary star patterns thatform stars,a system made upof gases, anddust this lesson, you thatwe learned canseebothpanetsandstarsinthesky.

Reading Skill Practice–Main IdeaandDetails Practice–Main Reading Skill erything thatexists inspace erything Wh at (page 1 of2) Can We See in the Sky? Sky? We Seeinthe Can edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework A. Quick Study C. B. Quick Study co galaxy universe nstellation Lesson Lesson

S2 RS 21 1/24/08 9:29:06 AM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_013-025 22 5. RS 22 4. Name details foreachmainideaaboutstars. Complete thegraphicorganizershownbelow.Writetwosupporting Southern Hemisphere. lives intheNorthernHemispherethantosomeonewho tosomeonewho Explain whythenightskywouldappeardifferent ThinkingandProblem Solving Critical Stars The SunandOther Reading and Support Homework A

MainIdeaandDetails Groups ofStars B

Stars (page 2of2) Use with pages Usewith 82–93. F L Positions Seasonal Star O C R

I D A

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the tabletoanswerquestionsthatfollow. The tablebelowlistsinformationthatisusedtoclassifystars.Use bv 000bu eim10Lacetae helium heliumand blue-white blue 10,000–30,000 above 30,000 501,0 lewiehdoe Vega, Sirius hydrogenand hydrogen yellow-white blue-white 6000–7500 7500–10,000 0060 elwcalciumandother yellow 5000–6000 5050 rnecalcium and orange 3500–5000 esta 50rdmlclsBetelgeuse, Antares molecules red less than3500 4. 3. 2. 1. Temperature (°C) How inthefirstthree istheinformation columns related? Locate oursuninthe table. What isitstemperature? What isthehottest star?Thecoolest stars? How inthetable? are the starsarranged Surface (page 1of2) oo ElementsDetected Color Types ofStars edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework hydrogen heavier elements metals molecules in theStars F L O R I D A Rigel, Spica Canopus, Procyon the sun, Capella Arcturus, Aldebaran Examples ofStars

I M A Chapter 2,Lesson 3 G I N G

P Support Support D F Extra Extra RS 23 2/14/07 3:03:12 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_013-025 24 RS 24 C. totheStars Distances B. Name months. from Earthduringthreeconsecutive position oftheplanetSaturnasseen Leo. Thethreelabeleddotsshowthe This illustrationshowstheconstellation light-years. Earth tothestarslistedintablebelow.Givedistances Use referencesourcesandtheInternettofinddistancesfrom (9,500,000,000,000 km). travelsdistance kilometers thatlight inoneyear: about9.5trillion astar’sto describe distance from Earth. Onelight-year isthe different distances from Earth. We usetheunit What doesthisillustrationshow? Rigel Betelgeuse Procyon Ross 154 Sirius Wolf 359 Barnard’s Star Alpha Centauri Reading and Support Homework Since ancienttimes, we have thatstarsare learned located at trDistance(inlight-years) Star (page 2of2) light-year Use with pages Usewith 82–93. F L (ly) O R October I 2007 D • A September

2007 I • M August A 2007 • G I N G

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© Harcourt A. Stars and Planets Date Name Use with ChapterUse with 2. B. 7. write youranswertoeachquestion. Use theglossarytofindmeaningofunderlinedwords.Then Explore Word Meanings 1. box tocompletetheanalogy. ships inthefollowingpairsofwords.Thenchooseawordfrom are relatedtoeachotherinthesameway.Thinkaboutrelation- An analogyismadeoftwopairswords.Thewordsineachpair Analogy 4. 3. 2. 5.

6. comet galaxymoonorbitsun thatexists inspace.The universe iseverything What are two examples of around objectsinspace thatorbit astarin the A solarsystem isagroup of

things intheuniverse?things center. oursolarsystem Thecenter isthesun. of What does Road Granny Smith Hubble Sole Won isto isto isto isto pole one highway telescope as as isto (page 1of 1) soon son as apple i o . isto as i o . isto path Halley as isto Milky Way edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework i o . isto i o . isto F L O R I D A .

I M A G I N Vocabulary Vocabulary solar G

P D mean? F Power Power RS 25 3/12/07 4:53:47 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_026-036 26 2. RS 26 1. Lesson Date Name 3. are alike? they Inquiry Skill Practice–Compare SkillPractice–Compare Inquiry water to the cities or dry farmlands where farmlands itisneeded. water to thecitiesordry to money build.take alotof Also, itcould becostly to pumpthefresh needed onland. However, thewater conversion equipmentwould ocean water isendless.of There ismore water intheocean thanis water would be cheap, since thesun’s isfree. energy Second, thesource have advantages anddisadvantages. First, to make theenergy thefresh water to fresh water. know They that developing such aprocess would on thelinesbelow. Read theselectionbelow.Underlinemainidea.Listdetails vapor: water condensation: evaporation: cycle: water Write acompletesentenceforeachofthefollowingterms: UseVocabulary Reading and Support Homework Compare fog with clouds that form higher intheatmosphere. higher Compare cloudsthatform How fogwith Some scientistsbelieve canusethesunto thatthey convert salt

Reading Skill Practice–Main IdeaandDetails Practice–Main ReadingSkill 1 - What Is the Water Cycle? the Water Is What

(page 1of2) Use with pages Usewith 102–113. F L O R I D Quick Study Quick Study A

I M A G Lesson Lesson I N G

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© Harcourt 5. 4. Name Use with pages 102–113. pagesUse with 102–113. What thewater? happensto therest of Critical ThinkingandProblem Solving Critical Complete thegraphicorganizershownbelow. Main Idea: Not all of thewaterNot thatfallsas rain, allof snow, orsleetevaporates.

MainIdeaandDetails A Found in: salt water Water on Earth is found in many different places. Water onEarthisfoundinmanydifferent (page 2of2)

edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework water in: C B Found asliquid Found asicein: fresh water F L

O R I D A

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I N G

P D F RS 27 2/14/07 3:04:38 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_026-036 28 2. RS 28 1. 2— Lesson Date Name 3. effect of hot gasses on the weather of aregion? hotgasses ontheweather of effect of your weather patterns, knowledge of whatcanyou inferaboutthe into thecolder theatmosphereair rises andwarms layers. Basedon Investigation Skill Practice–Infer InvestigationSkillPractice–Infer balance temperatures intheatmosphere. while cooler gainheatandmoisture. regions Thisprocess helps This meansthatareas nearthe equator losesomeheat andmoisture, regions. As thiswarm, humid aircondenses, heatenergy. itgives off water warm vaporaway from thatcarry theequatorwinds to cooler orsouth. north Thisuneven farther heatingproducesthan parts global ofglobalwinds. Read theselection.Describecauseandeffect Match thecluesonlefttotermsright. UseVocabulary Reading and Support Homework Some factories releaseSome factories steam andhotgassesinto theair. Such warm The sun heats the part of Earth’s of The sunheatsthepart atmosphere neartheequator more

Reading Focus Skill Practice–Cause andEffect ReadingFocusSkillPractice–Cause Water thatfallsfrom surface clouds to Earth's A measure of the amount of water vaporintheair theamountof A measure of Water Cycle Affect Weather? Cycle Affect Water the and Oceans How Dothe (page 1of2) s ihpgs14–125. pages Usewith 114 F L O R I D Quick Study Quick Study A B. A.

I M precipitation humidity A G Lesson Lesson I N G

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is wrong. Wr Critical ThinkingandProblem Solving Critical One of your classmates thinks that dew is a form of precipitation. your classmates of One of thinksthatdewisaform ite whatyou would say to helpyour classmate understandwhy he

Cause andEffect (page 2 of2) A B C

edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework

It snows. It rains. F og forms.

S2 RS 29 1/24/08 9:30:56 AM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_026-036 30 Ty Date Name RS 30 pes ofPrecipitation A. B. What happened?processhaveyou modeled? Y paper. After afewminutes, beamthrough thebottle. shineaflashlight thebottle,ice cubeontop black of andplace thebottleonapiece of ou shouldseetiny water droplets. 3. 2. 1. 4. Read Place 5 cm of hotwater inaclear bottleandputthelidon.Place 5cmof Setan Suppose youcarriedoutthefollowingactivity. that follow. Use theinformationincharttocompletesentences Wh , which fallswhen the temperature than0°C, ishigher water. thefreezing pointof precipitation is The mostcommon of form do The size of The size of wn nwWater vapor turnsintoicecrystalsinsteadofaliquid. snow Ty le Falling rainpassesthroughalayeroffreezing-coldair. sleet anWater vapor condensesondustorotherparticlesintheair. rain alRainfreezesandthenfallstoawarmer pocket ofair. The frozen hail en water directly vapor turns into ice crystals, eCause pe ing ing in astorm cloud. Support andSupport Homework

forms when rain fallsthrough freezing-cold whenrain forms air. v cold pocket ofair, wheretheliquidcoatingalsofreezes. It rain iscoatedwithliquidwater andthencarriedbackuptoa aries insize. T ypes ofPrecipitation dependsonhow many upand timesit iscarried (page 1 of1) s ihpgs14–125. pagesUse with 114 Chapter 3,Lesson 2 forms. Support Support Extra Extra 1/24/08 9:31:33 AM

© Harcourt 3. 2. 1. 3- Lesson Date Name Use with pages 128–141. pagesUse with 128–141. The on two sides of amountaincan ontwo sidesof brought hotandhumid different.be very The weather to thecity. The tropical andrain. winds for gusty unshaded asphalt? would atemperature thethermometer were reading bedifferent over if taken 5feetabove theground, over shadedgrass, inaventilated box. How forests, homesandbusinesses. thefires isdestroyed,huge blaze. inthepathof Often everything including anddry. warm air isvery asmall forest canturn Thestrong fire winds into a andSanta by intheSanGabriel passingthrough valleys Ana mountains. The California. intheMojave begin The winds andmove Desert toward thecoast lines below. Read theselection.Underlinemainidea.Writethreedetailson With thecold Complete eachsentencewiththecorrecttermfrombox. UseVocabulary andRecord Data SkillPractice–Gather Inquiry The National Weather specifiesthattemperature readings be Service Santa instrengthening are forestAna famousfortheirpart fires winds in

Reading Skill Practice–Main IdeaandDetails Practice–Main ReadingSkill How Is Weather Predicted? Weather How Is (page 1of2) moving in, moving we prepared edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework F L O R I D A

I M A G I Quick Study Quick Study N G climate front air mass

P D Lesson Lesson F RS 31 2/14/07 3:05:32 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_026-036 32 5. RS 32 4. Name A

to forecastweather. Main Idea: not very accurate?not very What thefactors thatexplain why are someof long-term forecasts are Complete thegraphicorganizershownbelow. Critical ThinkingandProblem Solving Critical Reading and Support Homework Weather forecasters cannotpredict farinadvance. theweather very

MainIdeaandDetails Measurments taken withweatherinstrumentscanbeused

(page 2of2)

Use with pages Use with 128–141. F L C O

R I D A

I M A G I N G

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© Harcourt A. Reading Weather Maps Maps Weather Date Name Use with pages 128–141. pagesUse with 128–141. Use theweathermapshownabovetoanswerfollowingquestions. 4. 3. 2. 1. Name onestate fogaccording thatisexperiencing to themap. What doestheletter “H” standforonthemap? theUnitedWhich of conditions? part States windy isexperiencing front states? across ismoving the northeastern of What type Calm Fog Fog (page 1of2) edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework Cooler Windy Windy F L O R I D A

I M A Chapter 3,Lesson 3 G I N G

P Support Support D F Extra Extra RS 33 2/14/07 3:06:00 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_026-036 34 RS 34 WeatherB. Interpreting Maps Name Use theweathermapabovetoanswerfollowingquestions. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Reading and Support Homework Portland What type of weather isusuallyexperienced inalow-pressure of What area? type weather isusuallyexperienced inahigh-pressure area? of What type thathassunny thecountry weather.Name of onepart What istheweather like innorthwestern Indiana? Ohioandnortheastern What istheweather like inDallas, Texas? Name a state thatisreceiving rain. 41°F Los Angeles Los Angeles 64°F 64°F Dallas 47°F Chicago 25°F 25°F (page 2of2) Miami Miami 73°F 73°F New York 38°F Use with pages Use with 128–141. F L O R I D A

I M A G I N G

P D F 2/14/07 3:06:17 PM

© Harcourt . Greek and Roots Latin A. Weather Date Name Use with ChapterUse with 3. B. Context Clues 3. 2. 1. glossary tohelpyou. sentence foreachnumberedword.You canlookthewordsupina Read theLatinandGreekrootstheirmeanings.Thenwritea 6. 5. 4. Write thewordfromboxthatbestcompleteseachsentence. rcptto odnain evaporation precipitation condensation climate humidity atmosphere So,set n anaetreeape f . took place. Puffy thepuddle grew smallerand Snow, sleet, are andrain three examples of water vaporcooled,Droplets of and Because of white clouds were theresult. upasthesunshone onit. finally dried klima humere atmos (page 1of 1) re otMeaning Greek Root edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework Region, zone Moist Vapor, orair F L O R I D A

I M A G I N Vocabulary Vocabulary G

P D F Power Power RS 35 3/12/07 4:54:33 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_026-036 36 RS 36 Everyday Machine parts. Thenusetheorganizertomake notesonthemachineforyourpage. it uses.Intheboxbelow,drawmachineyouhavechosenandlabelits function ofthemachine,simplemachinesitismadeupof,andforces technical manualthatdescribesthismachine.Your pageshoulddescribethe Think ofamachineyouuseeveryday.Imaginearewritingpagein Writing–Description Informative Machine Everyday Describe an Date Name rwn fMciewt at aee DescriptionofMachineforTechnical Manual Drawing ofMachinewithParts Labeled Reading Support and Homework Use with UnitB. Usewith Reading and Support Homework Forces: Simple Machines: Function: F L O R I D A

I M A Practice Practice Writing Writing G I N G

P D F 3/12/07 4:55:01 PM

© Harcourt 2. 3. 1. Lesson Date Name Use with pages 156–169. pagesUse with 156–169. and a grain of sand. of and agrain What isthetested inyour variable experiment? would soundwhendropped from thesamedistance. You drop apebble, arock, very high decibels wear earprotection. high very can damageyour ears. People whoare around soundsthathave places with makes sounds thatare 120decibels. Soundsthatare more than120decibels sounds. A jackhammer makes sounds thatare 100decibels. A thunderclap is 20decibels. conversationA normal is60decibels. High decibelsmake loud measured inunitscalleddecibels. Low decibels make softsounds. A whisper the mainidea. Read theselection.Underlinemainidea.Listatleast2detailsabout How loudasoundis, isits Complete eachsentencewiththecorrecttermfrombox. UseVocabulary Variables the SkillPractice–Identify Inquiry occurs whenmatter moves backandforth. . A sound makes. How orlow high asoundis, isits Suppose you wantto to doanexperiment hearhow three different objects You day. heardifferent soundsevery thesesoundscanbe Thevolume of

Reading Skill Practice–Main Idea and Details andDetails Idea Practice–Main ReadingSkill 1 - What Is Sound? Is - What is the number of vibrations persecond a vibrations isthenumber of (page 1of2) edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework . F L O R I D A

I M A G I Quick Study Quick Study N G

frequency pitch volume vibration P D Lesson Lesson F RS 37 2/14/07 3:07:24 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_037-043 38 5. RS 38 4. Name A

has ahigh frequency with ahigh Asound same if you bands?Explain usethinandthick your rubber same if reasoning. bands. andplucktherubber the binderopen Would thesoundbe binder.fastened around loose-leaf anempty To make sounds, you hold Complete thegraphicorganizershownbelow. Critical ThinkingandProblem Solving Critical Reading and Support Homework Suppose thatyou bands usingrubber madeamusical instrument

MainIdeaandDetails Frequency . B

has a frequency a low Asoundwith pitch. Two CharacteristicsofSound

C (page 2of2)

volume is with ahigh A sound Use with pages Usewith 156–169. Volume F . L O R I D D

A volume is with alow Asound

I M A G I N G

P D . F 2/14/07 3:07:38 PM

© Harcourt 2. 1. Light? Is 2- Lesson What Date Name Use with pages 172–185. pagesUse with 172–185. 3. 15 cmfrom themirror. Explainyour reasoning. you repeatbe thesameordifferent placingthepushpins if theexperiment through empty space.through empty waves lower with frequencies. Unlike soundwaves, waves light cantravel frequencies.higher Waves than more energy frequencies carry higher with have lower waves. light frequencies than visible Gammarays andXrays have thatwe canseeiscalled thespectrum of The part spectrum about themainidea. Read theselection.Underlinemainidea.Listatleastthreedetails Match thecluesonlefttotermsright. UseVocabulary SkillPractice–Predict Inquiry Predict whether the measurement of the angle anditsreflectionPredict theangle would whetherthemeasurement of Light is one small part of a range of energy known asthe known energy of arange of isonesmallpart Light

Objects thatallow to passthrough somelight Objects them thatallow to passthrough light Objects them from light asurface The bouncingof object to another asitpassesfrom light one The bendingof Reading Skill Practice–Main Idea and Details andDetails Idea Practice–Main ReadingSkill . Thewaves thatmake have upthisspectrum different frequencies. (page 1of2) edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework F L O visible light visible R I D A

I M A G electromagnetic electromagnetic . Radiowaves I D. C. B. A. Quick Study Quick Study N G

refraction transparent translucent reflection

P D Lesson Lesson F RS 39 3/8/07 1:51:51 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_037-043 40 5. RS 40 4. Name A

reflect therest. some lightand Opaque objects Translucent: Complete thegraphicorganizershownbelow. Opaque: Transparent: CriticalThinkingandProblem Solving Reading and Support Homework Look around you. Listatleastthree below. objectsthatfiteach category

MainIdeaandDetails Light Waves ChangeWhenTheyHitObjects

or refract. make thelight although they pass through, objects letlight Transparent (page 2of2) , Use with pages Usewith 172–185. F C L O

a lotoflight. Smoothsurfaces R I D A

I M A G I N G

P D

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© Harcourt 3. 2. 1. BendLight? 3-HowDoObjects Lesson Date Name Use with pages 188–197. pagesUse with 188–197. makes spread light out, soobjects seem smaller. A making objectsseemlarger. lookto him.will Explain your answer. separates from theothercolors, creating arainbow. change direction.sunlight Each color takes different path. aslightly Thecolor in theair. water isaprism. Each make drop Theprisms of thecolors inthe ofthatcause. effects Read theselection.Underlinewhatcausesarainbow.Listatleasttwo A Complete eachsentencewiththecorrecttermfrombox. UseVocabulary SkillPractice–Predict Inquiry A boy is looking at a turtle throughA boy aconvex islookingataturtle lens. Predict how theturtle Where doesarainbow come water from? passesthrough drops Sunlight of

Reading Skill Practice–Cause andEffect Practice–Cause ReadingSkill bends light toward bendslight thecenter, (page 1of2) edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework F L O R I D A

I M A G I Quick Study Quick Study N convex lens concave lens G

P D Lesson Lesson F RS 41 2/14/07 3:08:07 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_037-043 42 5. RS 42 4. Name Light passesthroughaprism. lens. Light passesthroughaconcave colors? Explainyour answer. Complete thegraphicorganizershownbelow. Critical ThinkingandProblem Solving Critical Reading and Support Homework You seeared flower and awhite flower. Which onereflects themost

CauseandEffect Cause (page 2of2) Objects lookbigger. Light rayscometogether. Use with pages Use with 188–197. F Effect L O R I D A

I M A G I N G

P D F 2/14/07 3:08:18 PM

sentence. Useeachwordonlyonce. Use thewordsinboxtofillblankscompleteeach 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. elcintasaet irto convex lens vibration reflection transparent concave opaque volume lens frequency Janelle’s grandmother uses a as a magnifier whenshe asamagnifier andSimon inhiscamera’s view- Janelle’s usesa grandmother The dewdrops to theleaves clinging were inherbedroom sothe curtains As Charles looked through the Jack wasplaying hisstereo soloudlythathissister asked himto turn inthe Amanda requested persecond, upto canhearsounds thatrange 25,000vibrations Dogs acampingtrip,During Jerome looked athis hersticks,When with hitthedrum Sarah the reads theSunday comics. . could seethrough themto thebird’s nest. finder, hesaw hisentire familyreunion. asmallerversion of thanpeople canhear. down the wouldn’tsunlight wake herupearlyinthemorning. which isamuch higher lake hishair. sohecould part sound energy. (page 1of 1) edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework F L O R I D A

I M A G I N Vocabulary Vocabulary G

P D created F Power Power RS 43 2/14/07 3:08:27 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_044-050 44 3. 2. RS 44 1. Lesson Date Name school to her house if shedoesnotchange herroute?school to herhouseif Betty’s of a drawing path. How would you give directions from makes two thatblock. rights. Theschool isatthecorner of Make continues walkingoneblock. theblock,At theendof Betty upfrom herhouse.two blocksstraight leftand Thensheturns Inquiry Skill Practice–Communicate SkillPractice–Communicate Inquiry in a sprint becausetheirmuscles out toin asprint are letthemstart nottrained for alongerdistance. Usually, distance racers would well notperform distances. Othersare distance runners. ataslower run They speedbut arerunners sprinters. are quicklyforshort They goodatracing and lungs. However, thesameway. run notallrunners Some runners. Read theselection.CompareandContrast thedifferent Match thecluesonlefttotermsright. UseVocabulary Reading Support and Homework Betty walksto schoolBetty from home. by walking Shestarts Athletes know improves thatrunning theirheart thestrength of The change of position of anobject positionof Thechange of anobject Thelocation of How time aunitof apositionchanges during

Reading Skill Practice–Compare and Contrast andContrast Practice–Compare ReadingSkill 1 - and Measured? and MotionDescribed How Is (page 1of2) s ihpgs24–215. pages Usewith 204 A. C. B. F L position speed motion O R I D Quick Study Quick Study A

I M A G Lesson Lesson I N (cont’d.) G

P D F 2/14/07 3:09:02 PM

© Harcourt 4. Name Use with pages 204 –215. –215. pagesUse with 204 5. oprdt . . compared toa Both changesinpositionare Both areexamplesof C A you know? hisbikerides 60kilometers. What wasthecyclist’s speed?How do try to alongdistance. run try fast andcontinue to fast. run become Sprinters exhausted whenthey ThinkingandProblem Solving Critical a carpassingpersonwhoiswalkingonsidewalk. Complete thisgraphicorganizertocompareandcontrastadriverin Suppose acyclist takes therace. 4hoursto reach He theendof

Compare and Contrast Compare andContrast Alike Different Alike Different (page 2of2) edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework thanthewalker. The carhasagreater comparedtothe sidewalk. compared tothecarseatbutis The driveris B E F L O R I D D A

I M A G I N G

P D F RS 45 2/14/07 3:09:13 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_044-050 46 RS 46 3. 2. 1. Motion? 2-HowDoForces Lesson Affect Date Name

indicate the sizes of theforces.indicate thesizes of Include ascalekey. students are exerting ineach picture. thearrows should Thelengthof Inquiry SkillPractice– Inquiry the cart out of theroom, outof buthecouldthe cart barely move it. wastoo Thecart to pushthecart. books. He with Danny filledthe cart pushing tried Read theselection.Describeacauseand itseffect. in thebox.Usetermscorrectly. Write acompletesentenceforeachterm UseVocabulary Reading and Support Homework Below forces. are pictures of Use arrows to show theforces the Danny pushed an empty cart intoDanny thelibrary. cart pushedanempty It waseasyforDanny

Reading Skill Practice–Cause and Effect andEffect Practice–Cause ReadingSkill Measure (page 1of2) acceleration inertia velocity force Use with pages Usewith 216–227. F L O R I D Quick Study Quick Study A

I M A G Lesson Lesson I N (cont’d.) G

P D F 2/14/07 3:09:26 PM

© Harcourt 5. 4. Name Use with pages 216–227. pagesUse with 216–227. velocities thesame?Explain. car istraveling intheopposite direction atthesamespeed. Are their are easierto move thanobjectsthathave mass. alotof heavy to move easily. Danny realized that objectsthathave littlemass ThinkingandProblem Solving Critical Complete thegraphicorganizershownbelow. is apushorpull A Suppose acaristraveling at100kilometers perhour. north Another A

Cause and Effect CauseandEffect

(page 2of2)

that cancause edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework F L O R I D A a changein

C B I M

A G I N G

P D F RS 47 . , 2/14/07 3:09:46 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_044-050 48 2. 3. RS 48 1. Motion? Affect 3-HowDoesGravity Lesson Date Name cause theleastfriction. the surface thatyou predict will surfaces listed inthebox. Circle how itslidesacross thedifferent to anexperiment testDescribe Inquiry Skill Practice–Experiment SkillPractice–Experiment Inquiry the force thatpulls you you towards donot gravity Earth. Because of Read theselection.Underlinemain idea. Listatleast2details. The Complete eachsentencewiththecorrecttermfrombox. UseVocabulary his . causedby doorstopper arubber The doctor asked thechild to step onthescaleto measure the ground. makes itdifficultto adoor. open The moon keeps themooninorbit. Reading and Support Homework Suppose you have abox. In thislesson, you aboutgravity. learned You is that gravity learned

Reading Skill Practice–Main IdeaandDetails Practice–Main ReadingSkill iswhathelpsuskeep ourfeeton force andthe between Earth plastic withspikes (carpetprotector) wooden floor rug (page 1of2) Use with pages Use with 230–239. F L O R I D Quick Study Quick Study A friction weight gravitational gravity

I M A G Lesson Lesson I N (cont’d.) G

P D F 2/14/07 3:09:58 PM

© Harcourt 4. Name Use with pages 230–239. pagesUse with 230–239. 5. force ofgravity. is ameasureofthe A Earth’s. How and masschange herweight onthatplanet?Explain. will Gravity makesGravity itpossibleto keep your booksandpencilsonyour desk. float intheair. Instead, you your walkwith feettouching theground. Critical ThinkingandProblem Solving Critical Complete thegraphicorganizershownbelow. Suppose Olga is traveling to a planet that has gravity half asstrong as Suppose Olgaistraveling half to aplanetthathasgravity

MainIdeaandDetails (page 2of2) objects. between touching opposes motion B Kinds ofForces edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework F L O R I D C A all masses. is aforcebetween

I M A G I N G

P D F RS 49 2/14/07 3:10:08 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_044-050 50 RS 50 A. Motion Forces and Date Name objects 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. of eachunderlinedword.Circlethelettercorrectmeaning. Read eachsentencebelow.Usecontextcluestofigureoutthemeaning ContextCues will People know gravity airplanes thattheforce whoparachute of outof thehuge rock wassogreatpushto thatittook anenormous of The inertia Thebaseball’s velocity was90milesperhour, north. bitbecamehotfrom createdThe drill thefriction between themetaland Thedriver slowed thecar’s acceleration asshedrove down asteep slope. Reading and Support Homework D. C. B. A. themto theground. bring B. A. itrolling downhill.start B. A. B. A. the wood. B. A. how somethingchanges position theforce anobject thatincreases thespeedof the tendency to stay atrest anobject’s covering wood grain temperature gauge theforce thatpullsobjectstoward Earth theforce that causessomethingto remain still motion speedof anobject’s speedanddirection blade sharp gasmileage D. D. D. D. (page 1of1) C. C. C. C. tendency to floatinwater color anobject’s hardness degree of anobject’s size resistance between two touching downward force pressure ameasure of achange inspeedordirection F Use with Chapter Usewith 5. L O R I D A Vocabulary Vocabulary

I M A G I Power N Power G

P D F 2/14/07 3:10:24 PM

Lesson 1 - How Do Simple Machines Help People Do Work?

1. Inquiry Skill Practice–Use Space Relationships

Objects take up space and move through space in different ways. Scientists use these differences to make models. For example, how a rubber band stretches helps you “see” the force acting on it. How could you use space relationships to model Earth and its moon?

2. Use Vocabulary

Match the clues on the left to the terms on the right. The fixed point of a broom A. simple machine Has few or no moving parts B. lever The bar that pivots on a fixed point C. fulcrum

3. Reading Skill Practice–Main Idea and Details

Read the selection. Underline the main idea. List at least 2 details. Work is when force is used to move an object. The object must move in the direction of the force for work to be done. When you push a bicycle and it moves, you have done work. When you lift a box from the floor onto the table, you have also done work. But when you push a wall and it does not move, then work has not been done. © Harcourt

Use with pages 248–257. (page 1 of 2) Reading Support and Homework RS 51

CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_051-058 51 FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 2/14/07 3:10:58 PM Name

4. Main Idea and Details

Complete this graphic organizer. Give a definition and an example. Work Simple Machine Lever

Description A B C

Example D E F

5. Critical Thinking and Problem Solving

Melissa uses a lever to collect leaves into piles. What type of lever might she be using? How do you think she is using the lever? Explain using the word fulcrum. © Harcourt

RS 52 Reading Support and Homework (page 2 of 2) Use with pages 248–257.

CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_051-058 52 FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 2/14/07 3:11:10 PM Name Lesson Date Quick Study

Lesson 2 - How Do a Pulley and a Wheel-and-Axle Help People Do Work?

1. Inquiry Skills Practice–Identify Variables

Suppose you are testing how pulley systems change the force you apply. Tell the variables you will control, change, and measure.

2. Use Vocabulary

Write a complete sentence that uses the term correctly.

pulley:

wheel-and-axle:

3. Reading Skill Practice–Main Idea and Details

Read the selection. Underline the main idea. List at least 2 details. A pulley is a simple machine that makes work easier to do. A pulley is a wheel with a rope around it. When you pull the rope on the pulley one way, the other end of the rope goes the opposite way. When a bucket is dropped down in a well to take water out, a pulley is used. The rope is pulled down on one end, and the bucket comes up on the other. A single, nonmoving pulley does not change the force needed to lift the bucket. © Harcourt

Use with pages 260–269. (page 1 of 2) Reading Support and Homework RS 53

CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_051-058 53 1/24/08 9:33:59 AM Name

4. Main Idea and Details

Complete the graphic organizer shown below.

A pulley A wheel-and-axle is made up of A C that turns

with

B D

5. Critical Thinking and Problem Solving

Luis needs to lift a 50-pound box to a balcony on a second floor. The box is on the first floor. How many pounds will he be lifting if he uses a single pulley to lift the box? Explain. © Harcourt

RS 54 Reading Support and Homework (page 2 of 2) Use with pages 260–269.

CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_051-058 54 FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 2/14/07 3:11:36 PM Name Lesson Quick Study Date Lesson 3 - How Do Other Simple Machines Help People Do Work?

1. Inquiry Skill Practice–Interpret Data

Look at the data from a test Ramp Ramp Force of ramps. Do you think the Trial Length (cm) Height (cm) (N) data is reliable? Explain. 1 45 30 60 2603040 3753070

4903020

2. Use Vocabulary

Complete each sentence with the correct term from the box. A is a post with threads around it. A sloped surface such as a ramp is called an inclined plane screw . wedge A is two inclined planes back to back.

3. Reading Skill Practice–Main Idea and Details

Read the selection. Underline the main idea. List at least three details. Alex uses screws to make a bird house. He uses screws because they will hold the pieces of wood better than nails. Nails are smooth. They can slide out of the wood with time. Screws have threads wrapped

Use with pages 270–281. (page 1 of 2) Reading Support and Homework RS 55

CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_051-058 55 FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 2/14/07 3:11:44 PM Name

4. Main Idea and Details

Complete this graphic organizer by giving definitions and two examples of each machine. Inclined Plane Screw Wedge

A D G Main Idea

B C E F H I Details

5. Critical Thinking and Problem Solving

Suppose you want to walk to the top of a steep hill. You can take the path that goes straight up, or you can take the path that winds around the hill. Use the words force and distance to explain what happens in each case.

RS 56 Reading Support and Homework (page 2 of 2) Use with pages 270–281.

CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_051-058 56 FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 2/14/07 3:12:02 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_051-058 57

© Harcourt A. Simple Machines Date Name Use with ChapterUse with 6. Wedge Pulley Wheel-and-axle ee Icie ln Screw Inclined Plane Lever together.wheel andanaxlethatturn around force. itto change thedirection of a A wheel-and-axleismadeof inclined planesplaced back to back. aline awheelwith ismadeof A pulley surface. around threadsA screw it. wrapped isapostwith A wedge istwo A lever isabarthatpivots onafixed point. An inclined planeisaslanted each category. the definitionstoplacetwosimplemachinesfromboxinto Think aboutthemeaningofwordsunderlinedbelow.Thenuse Explore Word Meanings rl i wtrfue ae clothesline wheelchairramp nutandbolt prybar axe saladspinner waterfaucet cleaver flag hoister wheelbarrow skateboard ramp drill bit

(page 1of 1) edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework F L O R I D A

I M A G I N Vocabulary Vocabulary G

P D F Power Power RS 57 2/14/07 3:12:15 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_051-058 58 RS 58 environment. Usethestorymapbelowtohelpyouplanyournarrative. in yourlife.Describehowyouinteractwithlivingandnonlivingthings Imagine thatyouareananimallivesinaforest.Writethestoryofoneday NarrativeWriting–Story LifeofaForest inthe Animal A Day Date Name What partsoftheecosystemdoyouneedtoavoid, andwhy? What otherlivingandnonlivingpartsoftheecosystemhelpyou? On whatotherpartsoftheecosystemdoyoudependforfood? Setting(wheretheanimallives): In whatpartoftheforestdoyouspendyourday? Character (animal): Reading Support and Homework Use with UnitC. Usewith Reading and Support Homework F L O R I D A

I M A Practice Practice Writing Writing G I N G

P D F 2/14/07 3:12:37 PM

© Harcourt 3. 2. 1. Lesson Use with pages 296–307. pagesUse with 296–307. Date Name ecosystem atthesametime environment thatinteract live inthesameplace from theecosystem? animalsorplantsvanished populationof important or plants. What one doyou thinkwould happenif ecosystem. animals Each block isapopulation of the sameair, andusethesamewater. Thesmallpondisanecosystem. animals thatlive by thepond. All the animalsandplantsinteract, breathe from lilypadto lilypad. Fish, frogs, andducksfeedonplantsother environment. asmallpond. Imagine Fishlive inthewater. Frogs jump Read theselection.Underlinemainidea.Listatleasttwodetails. Match thecluesonlefttotermsright. UseVocabulary a Model Practice–Make InquirySkill Think of a tower of blocks as a model of an atower blocksasamodelof Think of of An ecosystem thatinteract inan things andnonliving isalltheliving All of thepopulations thatlive Allof inan inan things andnonliving Theliving thesamekindthat organismsof Agroup of

ReadingSkillPractice–MainIdeaandDetails 1 - What Is an Ecosystem? an Is - What (page 1of 2) edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework F L O R I D A A.

C. B. I M community population ecosystem A G I Quick Study Quick Study N G

P D Lesson Lesson F RS 59 2/14/07 3:13:21 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_059-069 60 5. RS 60 4. Name A Main Idea: rather thandestroyrather them? animals. What are we somethings cando to helpprotect theirhabitats an ecosystem. Draw andcompletethegraphicorganizer.Listdetailsabout CriticalThinkingandProblem Solving Reading and Support Homework Sometimes we do things that can help or destroy the habitats of Sometimes we thatcanhelpordestroy dothings thehabitatsof

MainIdeaandDetails Living Things Apondecosystemismadeupoflivingandnonlivingthings. (page 2of2) B Nonliving Things Use with pages Use with 296–307. F L O R I D A

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P D F 2/14/07 3:13:43 PM

© Harcourt 2. 1. Lesson Date Name Use with pages 310–321. pagesUse with 310–321. 3. forests, we findtrees and moss. Where else canwe findproducers? find producers such asseaweed. In deserts, there are cactiandshrubs. In important.very Producers canbefoundinmany places. In theocean, you can details aboutthemainidea. Read theselection.Underlinemain idea. Circleatleastthree Match thecluesonlefttotermsright. UseVocabulary the list. Use thelinesbelowtosummarizetimerelationshipsdescribedin decompose. Read thelistofwhathappensasremainsplantsandanimals TimeRelationships SkillPractice–Use Inquiry Step 6: Step 5: Step 4: Step 3: Step 2: Step 1: Producers are organisms thatmake food. theirown Theseorganismsare organism thatfeedsonwastes andplant organism thateatsplantsorotherorganisms organism thatcanmake food itsown

animal remains Reading Skill Practice–Main IdeaandDetails Practice–Main ReadingSkill 2 Plants andanimalsdie, andthecyclerepeats. Animals eattheplantsandabsorbstorednutrients. Plants take upthenutrientsthroughtheirroots. The nutrientsbecomepartofthesoil. Decomposers breakdowntheirbodiesintonutrients. Plants andanimalsdie. - Consumers, and Decomposers? Consumers, and RolesofProducers, the Are What (page 1of2) edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework F L O R I D A

I M A. C. B. A decomposer producer consumer G I Quick Study Quick Study N G

P D Lesson Lesson F RS 61 3/12/07 4:56:02 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_059-069 62 5. RS 62 4. Name consumers intheenvironment? Complete thegraphicorganizershownbelow. ThinkingandProblem Solving Critical A Main Idea: Reading and Support Homework How are thedecomposers inanenvironment helpfulto the

green plants MainIdeaandDetails Producers Alllivingthingsareproducers,consumers,ordecomposers. C B

Consumers herbivores (page 2of2) Use with pages Use with 310–321. F L D O R

Decomposers I D A

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P D F 2/14/07 3:14:07 PM

© Harcourt 3. 1. 3- Lesson Date Name Use with pages 322–335. pagesUse with 322–335. 2. The ocean isthe A Consumers thatare eaten are called that overlap. andtheirhabitats. things living An example hasbeendoneforyou. Complete thetablebelow to communicate aboutthese information Number theevents Put thefollowingeventsinafoodchain inthecorrectsequence. Consumers thateatprey are called Complete eachsentencewithawordfromthebox. UseVocabulary SkillsPractice–Communicate Inquiry Think about the living things thatlive things Think abouttheliving inyour community. A cat feeds on the bird that fed on the grasshopper thatfedongrass. Acatfeedsonthebird thatfedonthegrasshopper feedsongrass. Agrasshopper thatfedongrass. Abird feedsonthegrasshopper iigTigDsrpinHabitat Description Living Thing

Reading Skill Practice–Sequence Practice–Sequence ReadingSkill qirlga-rw u,4lg,bsyti trees gray-brownfur, 4legs, bushytail squirrel an Ecosystem? an Flow How DoesEnergy Through 1 is a group of foodchains isagroup of to3. (page 1of 2) edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework of many fish. of F L O R I D . A .

I M A G food web predators prey habitat I Quick Study Quick Study N G

P D Lesson Lesson F RS 63 2/14/07 3:14:15 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_059-069 64 5. RS 64 4. Name A. part of afoodchain. of Labeleach picturepart to show theorganism’s role. consumers,of anddecomposers. below shown things Theliving are Put thewordsbelowinordertocreateafoodchain. Complete thegraphicorganizershownbelow. Critical ThinkingandProblem Solving Critical Reading and Support Homework You thatinafoodchain there learned are producers, different levels odekrhw lae insect leaves woodpecker hawk

Sequence B.

C. (page 2of 2) Use with pages Usewith 322–335.

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P D F 2/14/07 3:14:31 PM

© Harcourt 2. 1. Ecosystems? Influence Factors 4- Lesson What Date Name Use with pages 336–347. pagesUse with 336–347. 3. ecosystem suitableforitssurvival? theother.would intheecosystem survive of What makes each plant’s ecosystem. However, neitherplant abiotic factors to intheir survive away. Theecosystem vanishes. can nolongeruseitsafely. to getsick anddie. start They Many othersgo toarea getdirty. start Theanimalsthatdependonthelake andthewoods bottleorcan,empty orany garbage. Thelake otherpiece of andwooded to walkby andenjoy theview. Each timeapersonpassesby, hedrops an use thelake inthewooded area to drink, feed, andeven bathe. People start There are birds, squirrels, raccoons, andotheranimalsthatlive there. They Read theselection.Describecauseandeffect. Complete eachsentencewiththecorrecttermfrombox. UseVocabulary InquirySkillPractice–Compare Both plants in the drawing relyBoth plantsinthedrawing on What we do affectstheecosystem around us. awooded Imagine area.

ReadingSkillPractice–CauseandEffect factors are inanecosystem. things thenonliving factors are inanecosystem. things theliving (page 1of 2) edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework F L O R I D A

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P abiotic biotic D Lesson Lesson F RS 65 2/14/07 3:14:46 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_059-069 66 5. RS 66 4. Name temperature average increase in of soil washing away hawk population increase in to live? where you live? How do thebioticfactors rely ontheabioticfactors Complete thegraphicorganizershownbelow. CriticalThinkingandProblem Solving Reading and Support Homework What are theecosystem thebioticandabiotic factors thatsupport Cause Effect onEcosystem Effect Cause

CauseandEffect C A B

(page 2of2) Use with pages Use with 336–347. F L O R I D A

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P D F 2/14/07 3:15:10 PM

A. Changes in the Environment

Suppose that a large city is growing too big for its water supply. Some people suggest that the city could reroute a river to make it flow closer to the city. Consider the habitat of the area where the river now flows. How do you predict it will change if the river is rerouted?

Home Construction and Bird This bar graph shows how the Populations: Changes over Time number of birds changed over 700 700 Number New Homes of Built Number of Birds 600 600 time as new homes were built. New Homes Built 500 500 Interpret the data. How do you 400 400 account for the relationship 300 300

Number of Birds Number 200 200 shown in the graph? 100 100 0 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year © Harcourt

Use with pages 336–347. (page 1 of 2) Reading Support and Homework RS 67

CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_059-069 67 FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 2/14/07 3:15:19 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_059-069 68 RS 68 B. Animal Relationships Name coyotes. Explain therelationshipbetweenpopulationsofjackrabbitsand jackrabbits andcoyoteschangedoveraperiodof20years. ecosystem. Thegraphbelowshowshowthepopulationsof Living thingsinteractastheycompleteforresourcesinan Reading and Support Homework

Number of Animals (hundreds) 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 5 Interaction of Two Animal Populations Animal Two Interaction of er1Ya er1 er1 Year20 Year 15 Year 10 5 Year Year 1 Jackrabbits (page 2of2) Coyotes Use with pages Use with 336–347. F L O R I D A

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P D F 2/14/07 3:15:35 PM

© Harcourt B. A. inEcosystems Food Energy Date Name Use with ChapterUse with 7. what thenewwordmeans.Useaglossarytohelpyou,ifnecessary. toeachofthefollowingwords.Thenwrite adjectives. Addsuffixes are examplesoftheterms. “life.” Theprefix 5. 4. The words, Greek RootsandPrefixes 3. 2. 1. suffixes toawordchangesitsmeaningandusage.The Adding asuffix Suffixes ufxMeaning –tion –ment –ity Suffix abiotic biotic populate +tion environ +ment commune +ity ae i animals water air soil plants sunlight –tion biotic , –ity a– and , and (page 1of 1) means “not.” Choosethewordsfromboxthat means“not.” the actofdoingsomething something that state orquality abiotic –ment containtheGreekroot make nounsoutofverbsand edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework F L O R I D A –bio–

I M A G meaning I N Vocabulary Vocabulary G

P D F Power Power RS 69 2/23/07 1:40:20 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_070-076 70 2. 3. RS 70 1. Lesson Date Name the leaves. How does thisadaptationkeep theplantfrom beingharmed? pooling on quicklyinsteadoily coating. of Bothadaptationsletwater off run each year. sooften, Becauseitrains someplantshave leaves grooves with oran Write acompletesentencethatusestheword Conclusions SkillPractice–Draw Inquiry discourage animalsfrom eatingtheplants. Narrow spinesrelease lesswater into theairthanleaves do. Thespinesalso helps to prevent water loss. Most plants alsohave desert spines, notleaves. air. Most plantsstore desert water intheirstems. A waxycoating onthestems have earsthatenablethemto extra-large release heatfrom theirbodiesinto the them to hidefrom predators. Someanimals, andmule such deer, asjackrabbits climate. Many brown theanimals are incolor, light of which makes iteasierfor details aboutthemainidea. Read theselectionbelow.Underlinemainidea.Listatleasttwo Write acompletesentencethatusesthewords UseVocabulary Reading and Support Homework Rain forests receive from rainfall 2000to 10,000millimeters (7to 33ft)of Plants andanimalsthatlive are adapted inthedesert to thishot, dry

Reading Skill Practice–Main Idea and Details andDetails Idea Practice–Main ReadingSkill 1 - What Are Physical Adaptations? Physical Are What (page 1of2) adaptation basic needs Use with pages Use with 356–365. F L O R I correctly. D Quick Study correctly. Quick Study A

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© Harcourt 5. 4. Name Use with pages 356–365. pagesUse with 356–365. An adaptationtomeettheneedforshelter: An adaptationtomeettheneedforwater: An adaptationtomeettheneedforfood: adaptations? Critical ThinkingandProblem Solving Critical Complete thisgraphicorganizer. Main Idea: Why doyou supposethatdifferent animalshave different

Main Idea and Details andDetails MainIdea Animalsdevelopadaptationstomeettheirneeds. (page 2of 2) edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework A B

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P D F RS 71 2/14/07 3:18:51 PM Name Extra Support Date Chapter 8, Lesson 1 Animal Adaptations

A. Height Data

A group of scientists had a question about animal adaptations. The scientists wanted to study an adaptation to see how it helps the animal survive. They headed to Africa to collect data.

The scientists planned an investigation that focused on the tallest land animals: giraffes. They counted how many pounds of acacia leaves that 10 giraffes ate in a week. They also measured how tall each giraffe was. They recorded their data in the table below.

Giraffe Data Giraffe Name Height (in feet) Pounds of Leaves Consumed in 7 Days Alpha 14 450 Beta 10 350 Gamma 17 500 Delta 11 375 Epsilon 15 460 Zeta 16 475 Eta 12 400 Theta 14 430 Iota 18 525 Kappa 13 420 © Harcourt

RS 72 Reading Support and Homework (page 1 of 2) Use with pages 356–365.

CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_070-076 72 FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 3/12/07 4:57:26 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_070-076 73

© Harcourt B. Use with pages 356–365. pagesUse with 356–365. Name from theexperimentonpageRS72. check nexttothestatementsthataresupportedbyevidence rely onclaimsoropinions.Readthestatementsbelow.Puta Scientists usefactstobackuptheirobservations.Theydonot Compare measurementstodrawalogicalconclusion. How wouldyouinterpretthedatathatscientistsgathered? ______There wasa175-pound difference between thetallest studied. thetallest giraffes ______Gammawasoneof are______Giraffes themostexciting animalsin Africa. ______Shorter giraffes usuallyeatfewer leaves. giraffes ______Shorter ______When aren’t giraffes eatingleaves, are they sleeping. ______A giraffe’s neck about60pounds. weighs ______Iota, 18feet. of thetallestgiraffe, hadaheight ______Beta, leaves. giraffe, theshortest ate 350poundsof are______Giraffes notcurrently classified asendangered animals. ______different subspecieshave of Giraffes different spotpatterns gir on theircoats. affe and the shortest giraffe in amount of leaves inamountof eaten. giraffe affe andtheshortest (page 2 of2) edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework

S7 RS 73 1/24/08 9:36:07 AM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_070-076 74 2. RS 74 1. 2- Lesson Date Name 3. food andwater? anything.do noteatordrink How are without ableto they survive Inquiry Skill Practice–Infer SkillPractice–Infer Inquiry to climbtrees forsafety, hunt forfood, andfindshelter. itishungry.It alsoknows if how to cry But abearmust teach itscubs animals. how knowing A bearcubisborn to getmilkfrom its mother. to helpthemsurvive. Animals needto behaviors from learn other details aboutthemainidea. Read theselection.Underlinemainidea.Circleatleastthree Match thecluesonlefttotermsright. UseVocabulary Reading and Support Homework Some animals hibernate during thewinter.Some animalshibernate during thistime, During they Sometimes the instincts that animals are born with are Sometimes theinstinctsthatanimalsare notenough with born

them meettheirneeds thathelp Behaviors animalsare with born The state inwhich animalsbecome dormant Reading Skill Practice–Main Idea and Details andDetails Idea Practice–Main ReadingSkill What Are Behavioral Adaptations? Behavioral Are What (page 1of2) Use with pages Usewith 368–379. F L O R I D Quick Study Quick Study A B. A.

I M Hibernation Instincts A G Lesson Lesson I N G

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A Everydaybehaviors: populations indifferent places? Explainyour answer. population onaremote living island, several small oraspecieswith Critical ThinkingandProblem Solving Critical Complete thegraphicorganizershownbelow. Which ismore likely to become extinct: large asingle A specieswith Main Idea:

Main Idea and Details andDetails MainIdea Instinctive behaviorshelpanimalsmeettheirneeds. (page 2of2)

B Hibernation: edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework F L O R I D

C A

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P D F RS 75 2/14/07 3:19:53 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_070-076 76 RS 76 Explore Word Meanings B. Suffixes A. forSurvival Adaptations Date Name conserving.” Add the suffix conserving.” Addthesuffix word. Thenwritethedefinitionofnew resources byusingthemwisely.” doing something.”For exampletheverb underlined words. Now answerthesequestions.Thinkaboutthemeaningof The suffix 4. 3. 2. 1. 7. 6. 5. Reading and Support Homework migrate +tion migrate extinct +tion hibernate +tion adapt +tion Hibernation means “to enter adormant, inactive state.” Which animal thingsurvive. orabehaviorAn thathelpsaliving adaptationisabody part organismhave group acertain of Extinction meansthat allthemembersof hibernates in winter: a zebra orawoodchuck? azebra hibernates inwinter: dog’s collar? anadaptation: alizard’sWhich theseisanexample of of longtongue ora died. pandasorwoolly Doesextinction mammoths? describe –tion changesaverbintonounthatmeans“theactof –tion tothewordsbelowformanew Conservation (page 1of1) conserve means“theactof means“tosave F Use with Chapter Usewith 8. L O R I D A Vocabulary Vocabulary

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Contents

Vocabulary Games

Guess the Word ...... RS 78

Word Ladder ...... RS 78

Hidden Words ...... RS 79

Crossed Words ...... RS 79

Name that Word ...... RS 80

Red Light, Green Light ...... RS 80

Wink, Wink ...... RS 81

Word-O! ...... RS 81

Vocabulary Games and Cards RS 77

CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_077 77 FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 3/12/07 5:00:31 PM Vocabulary Games

You can use the vocabulary cards on pages RS 83–RS 132 to play these games. The cards are provided for each chapter in your science textbook. Each card has a word on one side and the word’s definition on the back. For some of these games, you may need to keep the definition hidden from view.

You will need Guess the Word vocabulary cards, paper and pencil Grouping large groups or pairs 1. Form two teams. Each player must have a partner. One player in each pair is the clue giver, and one is the guesser. 2. Teams take turns playing. The first clue giver draws a word card and gives the guesser one clue at a time. Count clues to keep score. 3. After the word is guessed, play is passed to a pair on the other team. Use all the cards. The lowest score wins.

You will need Word Ladder vocabulary cards, tabletop Grouping groups or partners 1. Place the cards in a pile, hiding the definitions. 2. Player 1 chooses a card, reads the word, and says the word’s meaning. That player then turns the card over to check his or her answer. 3. If the meaning is correct, the word is placed near the edge of a tabletop. © Harcourt Player 1 continues until a word is missed. If more words are guessed correctly, the words are added to Player 1’s ladder. If a word is missed, the card is returned to the pile. It is then the next player’s turn. 4. The player who has formed the tallest ladder is the winner!

RS 78 Vocabulary Games

CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_078-081 78 FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 3/12/07 5:01:17 PM You will need Hidden Words vocabulary cards, paper and pencil Grouping Whole class or large groups; small groups; pairs 1. Choose a word from the vocabulary cards to hide in a sentence. For example, the word heat is hidden in the following sentence: Mitch eats ice cream. 2. Write a sentence with a hidden word. Exchange papers with a classmate to find each other’s hidden words.

You will need Crossed Words vocabulary cards, grid paper, and pencil Grouping small groups or pairs 1. Place the cards face-up on a table so that each word can be seen. Choose one word for your crossword puzzle. Write that word vertically on the grid. Identify it by writing a number 1 in the box with the first letter, just as on a crossword puzzle. Use the word’s definition on the back of the card to help write a clue for this starter word. 2. Choose a second word to add to the grid. Be sure it shares a letter with the first word written. Attach it to the first word by writing the second word horizontally on the grid. Identify it by writing a number 2 in the box with the first letter of that word. 3. Continue to attach words to the puzzle and number each word. Write clues for each of the numbered words. © Harcourt 4. Give a partner a blank grid with spaces numbered to match your puzzle. To help your partner solve the puzzle, shade each square of the grid that doesn't contain a letter. Challenge your partner to solve the puzzle by reading the clues and guessing each word.

Vocabulary Games RS 79

CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_078-081 79 FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 2/23/07 1:45:29 PM You will need Name That Word 2 identical sets of word cards; paper and pencil Grouping small groups of at least five 1. One player is named as the “host.” Players pair off into two teams. Each team has a set of word cards in the same order, placed facedown. 2. The host asks one person from each team to draw a card, checking to make sure both are looking at the same word. The player from Team A who saw the word goes first. He or she gives a one-word clue about the word. Team members then try to guess the word. 3. If the word is guessed, the host gives Team A a point. If the word is not guessed, Team B gets a turn. The player from Team B who saw the word gives a second one-word clue about the word. Team B then tries to guess the word. If the word is not guessed after five rounds, no team scores a point, and the host reveals the word to both teams. 4. After all of the cards have been drawn, the team with the most points wins.

You will need Red Light, Green Light vocabulary cards sorted by chapter, science textbook Grouping large or small groups 1. Each player has a set of the same word cards. One person is the host of the game and does not play. 2. The host holds up one word for everyone to see. Each player then pulls that word card out of his or her pile. All players open their books to the chapter from which the word has been taken.

3. The host calls out “green light.” Each player quickly looks for the word in a © Harcourt sentence. When a player finds the word, the word card marks the page and the book is closed. That player calls out “red light.” Play then stops. 4. The player who stopped the game reads the sentence that holds the word. He or she scores one point. Play continues with the next word.

RS 80 Vocabulary Games

CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_078-081 80 FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 2/23/07 1:47:14 PM You will need Wink, Wink vocabulary cards, paper and pencil Grouping groups or pairs 1. One player chooses a card and writes that word’s definition. He or she then reads the word and says, “This word means…” The written definition is then read to the group. The player then winks at the group, reminding them that the definition may be correct, or it may have been invented. 2. Players take turns telling if they think the first player invented the definition, or if the correct meaning was given. 3. Any player guessing the correct response, earns a point. A second point is given to a player who can tell the correct definition when an invented definition was given. 4. Players take turns choosing word cards. The player with the most points at the end wins the game.

You will need Word-O! 12 vocabulary cards for each player, 12 vocabulary cards for the caller, paper and pencil Grouping large or small groups 1. Draw a tic-tac-toe board on your paper (two vertical lines crossed by two horizontal lines). Fill each space with a word from the word cards. Use a word only once.

Vocabulary Games RS 81

CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_078-081 81 FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 2/23/07 1:47:51 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_078-081 82 FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 3/7/07 4:01:35 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 83

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P D F RS 83 3/1/07 7:20:22 PM 4 2 CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 84 RS 84 The blue arrows represent cool acceleration This racing car is capable ofgreat direction ofan object’s motion Any change in the speed or humidity throughout similar temperature and A large body ofair that has masses edn upr n oeok Vocabulary Cards Reading Support and Homework . [ak•sel•er• acceleration . air mass [ AIR

MAS AY •shuhn] ] air air 2 4 ecosystem. Water and rocks are adaptation This insect’s stick-like body is an a tree. helps an organism survive A body part or behavior that an ecosystem Describes anonliving part of [ad•uhp• adaptation that makes itlook like part of [ay•by• abiotic F L O TAY abiotic R AHT •shuhn] I D •ik] A parts ofan

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P D F RS 85 3/1/07 7:20:59 PM 8 6 CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 86 RS 86 seasonal changes in climate. survive that an organism needs to Food, water, air, and shelter These living things have the same Earth’s tilted South Pole from the North Pole to the through the center ofEarth An imaginary line that runs needs. edn upr n oeok Vocabulary Cards Reading Support and Homework basic needs [ axis BAY [ axis is responsible for AK •sik •sis] NEEDZ

] basic basic 6 8 A falling air pressure An instrument for measuring greater chance ofrain. Wind makes an wind speed An instrument for measuring [an•uh• anemometer barometer [buh• barometer F anemometer RAHM MAHM L O usually means a R •uht•er] I •uht• er] D A

spin. I M A G I N G

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P D F RS 87 12 10 3/1/07 7:21:22 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 88 RS 88 hard to detect among the leaves. adapted to adry The living things in this desert are Because ofthis insect’s animal hide A color or shape that helps an period of time of period area experiences over along The pattern ofweather an edn upr n oeok Vocabulary Cards Reading Support and Homework camouﬂ [ KAM climate [ KLY •uh•flahzh] climate •muht] camouﬂ age . age , itis 10 12 Plants and animals are ecosystem Describes aliving part ofan Carnivores Carnivores ecosystem. eat meat.eat animals An animal that eats only other have sharp teeth to help them carnivore [ KAR [by• biotic F •nih•vawr] L O AHT R biotic •ik] I D A

parts ofan I M A G I N G

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P D F RS 89 16 14 3/1/07 7:21:52 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 90 RS 90 interdependent organisms. Condensation changes into aliquid The process bywhich agas A environment organisms living in an All the populations of air lost heat energy and cooled off. the outside ofthe glass as water in the edn upr n oeok Vocabulary Cards Reading Support and Homework community [kahn•duhn• condensation [kuh• community has many kinds of caused droplets to form on MYOO •nuh•tee] SAY •shuhn]

14 16 from Earth. The ﬁ pass throughpass this Light waves are spread apart as they edges than itis at the center A lens that is thicker at the gases that orbits the sun A ball ofice, rock, and frozen ery tail ofa concave lens [kahn• comet [ F KAHM L concave lens concave comet O KAYV R •it] I may be seen D

LENZ A

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P D F RS 91 20 18 3/1/07 7:22:15 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 92 RS 92 Ocean like ariver through the ocean A stream ofwater that flows Animals are other living things ownits food and must eat A living thing that can’t make direction. edn upr n oeok Vocabulary Cards Reading Support and Homework currents consumer [kuhn• consumers current [ ﬂ KUR ow in only one •uhnt] SOOM . •er]

18 20 like abear to many people. Ursa Major is a convex lens convex Light waves are brought together bya center than it is at the edges A lens that is thicker at the the sky imaginary picture or design in A pattern ofstars that form an [kahn•stuh• constellation convex lens [kahn• . constellation F L O VEKS R LAY I D

LENZ •shuhn] A that looks

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P D F RS 93 24 22 3/1/07 7:22:38 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 94 RS 94 ﬂ this wetland Clean water is essential to the health of This organism things surrounding an All ofthe living and nonliving environment and the community’s physical A community ofliving things owers, and air. edn upr n oeok Vocabulary Cards Reading Support and Homework ecosystem [en• environment [ ecosystem EE •koh•sis•tuhm] environment VY includes water, ﬁ •ruhn•muhnt] . sh, grass, 22 24 and animals wastes and remains ofplants A living thing that feeds on the Mushrooms are one kind of Energy pyramids Energy the top. bottom and higher-level consumers at chain organism to the in next afood energy is passed from one A diagram showing how much energy pyramid [ EN [dee•kuhm• decomposer •er•jee F have producers at the L O PIR R •uh•mid] I POHZ D A decomposer

•er] I M A G I N G .

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P D F RS 95 28 26 3/1/07 7:22:58 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 96

RS 96 274_SEV2id 26 4247_4X_RSSE_VC2.indd 274_SEV2id 28 4247_4X_RSSE_VC2.indd orga of acertain group of The death ofall the members about about The Evaporation changes into agas The process bywhich aliquid thes Readin e footprints to dry up. exti [ee•vap•uh• ni 65 million years ago. nction sms ev [ek• extinction ofwater bythe suncauses apo g Support andg Support Homework ofdinosaurs took place STINGK ration RAY •shuhn] •shuhn] /40 :73 PM 9:17:38 2/24/07 /40 :74 PM 9:17:44 2/24/07 26 28 274_SEV2id 25 4247_4X_RSSE_VC2.indd akid 27 back.indd amount amount A careful guessabout the make If diffe In order to compare the results of hypothesis A controlled test ofa carrie you can’t measure an you object, might rent rent d out under similar conditions. estimates estimates [ek• experiment experiments of something estimate [ SPER ES of its lengthof its and width. •tuh•mit] •uh•muhnt] , they must be Vocabulary Cards /40 :73 PM 9:17:35 2/24/07 /90 :35 PM 1:33:59 1/19/08 25 27 1/24/08 11:03:13 AM

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P D F RS 97 32 30 3/1/07 7:23:15 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 98 RS 98 wave decreases from to left right. overlap A group offood chains that In this diagram, the unit oftime The number ofvibrations per of organisms in an ecosystem. A edn upr n oeok Vocabulary Cards Reading Support and Homework food web food [ FREE frequency food web shows the interdependence [ •kwuhn•see] FOOD frequency

WEB ] ofthe

30 32 direction toobject move, stop, or change A pull or push that causes an the other. food depend on one another for A series oforganisms that A Each ofthese animals applies a food chain food food chain begins with aproducer. [ FOOD F force [ FAWRS L O

CHAYN R I ] D A ]

I M force A G I to to N G

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P D F RS 99 36 34 3/1/07 7:23:45 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 100 RS 100 that revolve around those stars many stars, plus any objects A grouping ofgas, dust, and of the Milky Way Our solar system is located on the edge Sometimes you can locate a masses meet The border where two air watching the clouds. clouds. the watching edn upr n oeok Vocabulary Cards Reading Support and Homework [ GAL galaxy front [ FRUHNT •uhk•see] galaxy . ]

front by 34 36 friction When you rubyour hands together, about its As the girl sweeps, the broom pivots lever The fixed balance point on a touching between that objects are A force that resists motion changes the motion into heat. fulcrum [ [ fulcrum friction FRIK FUL F . L •kruhm] •shuhn] O R I D A

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P D F RS 101 40 38 3/1/07 7:25:19 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 102 RS 102 Cows are of effects On aroller coaster, you experience the or other producers An animal that eats only plants objects between Earth and other The force ofattraction edn upr n oeok Vocabulary Cards Reading Support and Homework herbivores

gravity herbivore [ [ HER gravity GRAV •buh•vawr] . •ih•tee] . 38 40 burrow. Gravitation universe on one another The pull ofall in objects the A gopher tortoise’s needs ofan organism An environment that meets the around the sun. [grav•ih• gravitation holds Earth in orbit its habitat [ HAB F L •ih•tat] O habitat TAY R •shuhn] I D A includes its

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P D F RS 103 44 42 3/1/07 7:25:51 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 104

RS 104 274_SEV2id 44 4247_4X_RSSE_VC2.indd akid 42 back.indd order order A scientist carries out an experiment in can tested be A scientific explanation that of water vapor in the air A measurement ofthe amount W evapor hen hen Readin to te to humidity at es slowly. [hyoo• hypothesis [hy• st humidity a g Support andg Support Homework hypothesis PA is high, your sweat HTH MID •uh•tee] •uh•sis] .

/40 :82 PM 9:18:29 2/24/07 /90 :41 PM 1:34:14 1/19/08 44 42 274_SEV2id 43 4247_4X_RSSE_VC2.indd akid 41 back.indd humidity An instrument for measuring A decreasing indicat During slow whi A dormant, inactive state in fa t stored in their bodies. ch normal body activities es alower chance ofrain. hibern [hy•ber• hygrometer hibernation [hy• hygrometer ation GRAHM , animals live the off NAY •uht•er] •shuhn] reading usually Vocabulary Cards /40 :82 PM 9:18:27 2/24/07 /90 :40 PM 1:34:08 1/19/08 43 41 1/24/08 11:10:12 AM

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P D F RS 105 48 46 3/1/07 7:26:19 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 106

RS 106 274_SEV2id 46 4247_4X_RSSE_VC2.indd akid 48 back.indd order to change to order motion. its Yo moving ke The property ofmatter that nests and hu and nests These ospreys’ instincts it meet needs its begins life with and that helps A behavior that an animal u must overcome an object’s Readin eps an at object rest or in astraight line [in• nting instinct iner [ g Support andg Support Homework IN •stingkt] ER for ﬁ •shuh] tia include buildi

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P D F RS 107 52 50 3/1/07 7:26:47 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 108

RS 108 274_SEV2id 50 4247_4X_RSSE_VC2.indd 274_SEV2id 52 4247_4X_RSSE_VC2.indd th You ca You th A science tool that makes tiny of The girl is using abroom, which is akind ba A simple machine made ofa at Readin in lever r that pivots on afixed point you can’t see with your eyesalone. gs look bigger n use a . micr [ MY •kruh•skohp] g Support andg Support Homework micr lever lever [ LEV oscope oscope •er] to see things

/40 :03 PM 9:20:39 2/24/07 /40 :04 PM 9:20:44 2/24/07 50 52 274_SEV2id 51 4247_4X_RSSE_VC2.indd akid 49 back.indd th Students The study ofweather what happened Scientists to order evalua To em learn about [mee•tee•uh• meteorology use weather stations to help interp draw aconclusion inte [in• te evidencete or data in ret ret in their experiments. TER meteor their r rpret •pruht] RAHL esults to explain ol Vocabulary Cards •uh•jee] ogy . /40 :04 PM 9:20:41 2/24/07 /90 :42 PM 1:34:27 1/19/08 51 49 1/24/08 11:14:18 AM

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P D F RS 109 56 54 3/1/07 7:27:10 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 110

RS 110 274_SEV2id 54 4247_4X_RSSE_VC2.indd akid 56 back.indd It tak around A natural body that revolves revolv Every li Every habitatits The role aliving thing plays in Readin es about amonth for the e around Earth. ving thing has a a planet g Support andg Support Homework moon niche [ [ MOON NICH ] niche ] . moon moon to to /40 :04 PM 9:20:49 2/24/07 /90 :95 PM 1:39:55 1/19/08 54 56 274_SEV2id 53 4247_4X_RSSE_VC2.indd 274_SEV2id 55 4247_4X_RSSE_VC2.indd back on The movement ofanimals from migration Canada geese ﬂ This boy and his bike are in object A change in position ofan e region to another and . [my• ration mig [ mo MOH

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P D F RS 111 60 58 3/1/07 7:54:10 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 112 RS 112 Earth’s omnivores Bears, raccoons, and people are animals other and plants An animal that eats both around another object The path ofone in object space edn upr n oeok Vocabulary Cards Reading Support and Homework orbit . [ omnivore AHM is almost aperfect circle. [ orbit AWR •nih•vawr] •bit] 58 60 You can make an You cannot see through eyes or ears. through Not allowing light to pass with your senses Information that you gather [ahb•zuhr• observation opaque [oh• F L observation O PAYK VAY R I D opaque •shuhn] ] A

I with your with M objects. A G I N G

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P D F RS 113 64 62 3/1/07 7:27:39 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 114 RS 114 ecosystem. Populations bars on this instrument. pitch The girl produces sounds ofdifferent How high or low asound is living in the same ecosystem All the individuals ofone kind edn upr n oeok Vocabulary Cards Reading Support and Homework bystriking the different-sized metal [pahp•yuh• population compete for resources in an pitch [ PICH LAY ] •shuhn] 62 64 seems to have as itorbits Earth One ofthe shapes the moon cycle of The moon waxes and wanes through its revolve around the sun. Saturn is one ofeight star a around A large body that revolves phases planet phase . F [ PLAN L [ FAYZ O R •it] planets ] I D A

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P D F RS 115 68 66 3/1/07 7:28:00 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 116 RS 116 observed. you already know with things you have To make a cause-and-effect relationships and knowledge of happen, based on observations A statement ofwhat will Precipitation Earth’s surface Water that falls from clouds to liquid, like rain. edn upr n oeok Vocabulary Cards Reading Support and Homework [pree•sip•uh• precipitation [pree• prediction prediction can be solid, like snow, or DIK , you combine what •shuhn] TAY •shuhn] 66 68 they wait for the race to begin. The runners’ The location ofan object predator A wolf hunts living animals, soitis a A consumer that eats prey . [puh• predator position [ positions PRED F L •uh•ter] ZISH O R donot change as •uhn] I D A

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P D F RS 117 72 70 3/1/07 7:28:24 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 118

RS 118 274_SEV2id 72 4247_4X_RSSE_VC2.indd akid 70 back.indd object The bouncing oflight an off The allo Grass that can make A living thing, such as aplant, Readin ws us to see our image. reﬂ es are producers

ection r • h [ri refl [proh• producer oflight from amirror g Support andg Support Homework FLEK ection its own its food DOOS •shuhn] . •er] /40 :14 PM 9:21:46 2/24/07 /90 :44 PM 1:34:44 1/19/08 72 70 274_SEV2id 69 4247_4X_RSSE_VC2.indd 274_SEV2id 71 4247_4X_RSSE_VC2.indd predators Consumers that are eaten by to to Prey This single ﬁ it of awheel with aline around A simple machine that consists applied applied directio escape or hide from predators. have adaptations that allow them n, but not the amount, ofthe force.

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© Harcourt oauayCrs edn upr n oeok Reading and Support Homework Vocabulary Cards refraction rotate 73 75 variables Vehicle Bicycle Plane Train F Car L 0 O revolve R 500 I scale D 1000 Speed (km/hr) Speed Records A 1500

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Speed 3500

P D 4000 F RS 119 76 74 3/1/07 7:28:44 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 120 RS 120 To travel in aclosed path horizontal bar graph. The takesIt 365 around the sun. or line graph line or The size ofthe units on abar edn upr n oeok Vocabulary Cards Reading Support and Homework scale appears along the bottom ofa 1 4

revolve

days for Earth to r • h [ri scale [ SKAYL VAHLV ] ] revolve

74 76 stem to look broken. Refraction another moves from one material to The bending oflight as it hours. Earth To spin around an axis rotates [rih• oflight causes this ﬂ refraction once on axis its every 24 rotate [ ROH F FRAK L O •tayt] •shuhn] R I D A

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P D F RS 121 80 78 3/1/07 7:29:07 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 122 RS 122 Jupiter. The largest planet in our around it other that objects revolve A star and all the planets and of the lid are both examples of The threads on the jar and on the inside wrapped around it post with an inclined plane A simple machine made ofa edn upr n oeok Vocabulary Cards Reading Support and Homework solar system [ SOH screw •ler [ SKROO SIS •tuhm] ] solar system solar screws is is . 78 80 wheelbarrow and ashovel. follow to test their hypotheses An organized plan that scientists This student is using the This man is using two just one force to moving parts that you apply A machine with few or no to plan and carry out an experiment. scientific method [sy•uhn• simple machine [ SIM •puhl muh• F TIF L O •ik R simple machines simple METH I scientiﬁ D A SHEEN

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P D F RS 123 84 82 3/1/07 7:29:31 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 124

RS 124 274_SEV2id 82 4247_4X_RSSE_VC2.indd 274_SEV2id 84 4247_4X_RSSE_VC2.indd such as weight A tool that measures forces, space A huge ball ofvery hot gases in ra the Stars woul You mp. Readin force you use to pull atoy car up a look small when viewed from Earth. spring scale d use a [ SPRING g Support andg Support Homework star spring spring [ STAR

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82 84 274_SEV2id 81 4247_4X_RSSE_VC2.indd akid 83 back.indd speed The winner ofthe race has the fastest time an The measure ofthe change in A meter is a measur An accepted unit of standard measure object’s position in aunit of . [ ement STAN standard measure standard speed •derd [ SPEED MEZH ] Vocabulary Cards •er] oflength. /40 :21 PM 9:22:15 2/24/07 /90 :45 PM 1:34:51 1/19/08 81 83 1/24/08 11:21:26 AM

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P D F RS 125 88 86 3/1/07 7:29:55 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 126 RS 126 Many galaxies make up the You can see light through throughpass Allowing only some light to through them. but youobjects, cannot see clearly Everything that exists in space edn upr n oeok Vocabulary Cards Reading Support and Homework translucent [tranz• [ YOO universe •nuh•vers] LOO •suhnt] translucent universe .

86 88 energy that enable Earth to support life. objects. The You can see clearly through Allowing light to pass through solar system The star at the center ofthe sun provides the light and heat transparent [tranz• F [ sun L SUHN PAIR O R •uhnt] I ] D A transparent

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P D F RS 127 92 90 3/1/07 7:30:53 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 128

RS 128 274_SEV2id 92 4247_4X_RSSE_VC2.indd akid 90 back.indd Earth to the ai the to Earth water The constant movement of The sun’s energy drives the Vibrat movement A quick back-and-forth cause Readin sounds. ions from the surface of water cycle [ ofthe strings ofthis guitar WAW vy• [v vibration g Support andg Support Homework of matter BRAY •ter r and back again •shuhn] SY •kuhl] water cycle water . /40 :25 PM 9:22:50 2/24/07 /90 :45 PM 1:34:59 1/19/08 92 90 274_SEV2id 89 4247_4X_RSSE_VC2.indd 274_SEV2id 91 4247_4X_RSSE_VC2.indd object directio The measure ofthe speed and it is moving. both The veloc volume Over time, listening to sounds ofhigh The loudness ofasound its speedits and the direction in which can damage your hearing. ity ofthis hammer includes [vuh• n ofmotion ofan vel [ vo VAHL LAHS lume ocity •yoom] •uh•tee] Vocabulary Cards /40 :24 PM 9:22:40 2/24/07 /40 :24 PM 9:22:48 2/24/07 91 89 1/24/08 11:23:04 AM

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P D F RS 129 96 94 3/1/07 7:34:14 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 130 RS 130 and time and atmosphere at acertain place The condition ofthe weight The boy is using aspring scale to ﬁ force acting on an object A measure ofthe gravitational Weather especially if itis severe. edn upr n oeok Vocabulary Cards Reading Support and Homework ofthe stapler. can people’s affect activities, weather weight [ WETH [ WAYT •er] ]

nd the 94 96 evaporates. Water vapor Water The gas form ofwater the When adownward force is applied to back inclined planes placed back to A simple machine made oftwo wedge water vapor [ WAW , itpushes the wood apart. forms when water boils or wedge F •ter L [ WEJ O R VAY ] I D •per] A

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P D F RS 131 98 3/1/07 7:35:06 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 132 RS 132 The girl does overobject adistance The use ofaforce to move an across the room. edn upr n oeok Vocabulary Cards Reading Support and Homework work work [ WERK bypushing achair ]

98 wheel-and-axle This fishing reel is an example ofa (wheel) and axle turn together. together wheel and an axle that turn A simple machine made ofa wheel-and-axle [weel•and• F because the crank L O R AK I D •suhl] A

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P 97 D F 3/1/07 7:35:18 PM © Harcourt CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 133 FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 3/1/07 7:35:22 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 134 FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 3/1/07 7:35:24 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 135 FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 3/1/07 7:35:25 PM CXEGA09AWK4X_RSSE_083-136 136 FLORIDA IMAGING PDF 3/1/07 7:35:26 PM