Gayana 73(2): 233 - 236, 2009&RPXQLFDFLyQEUHYH ISSN 0717-652X

$1(:,19$6,9()5(6+:$7(5),6+63(&,(6,1&(175$/&+,/( JENYNSIA MULTIDENTATA (JENYNS, 1842) (CYPRINODONTIFORMES: ANABLEPIDAE)

NUEVA ESPECIE ICTICA INVASORA EN AGUAS CONTINENTALES DE CHILE CENTRAL: JENYNSIA MULTIDENTATA (JENYNS, 1842) (CYPRINODONTIFORMES: ANABLEPIDAE)

Claudio Quezada-Romegialli1,2,3, Irma Vila1'DYLG9pOL]1,2

1Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, 2Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Facultad de Ciencias, 8QLYHUVLGDGGH&KLOH&DVLOODfXxRD6DQWLDJR 3(PDLOFODXGLRTXH]DGDU#JPDLOFRP

RESUMEN

Se reporta la presencia de la especie Jenynsia multidentata en Chile central, avistada en agosto de 2008 en la localidad GH3HxDÀRU'XUDQWHVHUHJLVWUDHQODFRQÀXHQFLDGHOHVWHUR3XDQJXH\HOUtR0DLSRH[WHQGLHQGRVXGLVWULEXFLyQD XQDPSOLRVHFWRUGHHVWHHVWHUR Jenynsia multidentata FRUUHVSRQGHDODHVSHFLHtFWLFDLQWURGXFLGDDOSDtV

In Chile, the order Cyprinodontiform is composed LQWKHVHFWRUFDOOHG&KRURPER )LJ ZKHUHLW RIQDWLYHDVZHOODVLQWURGXFHGVSHFLHV$OOWKH was not detected during a previous sampling in native species belong to the genus Orestias  &4XH]DGD5RPHJLDOOLXQSXEOLVKHGGDWD  (Cyprinodontidae), that are typical inhabitants of Although we do not know the precise location of the Altiplano zone (Vila et al. 7KHH[RWLF the original introduction, these above-mentioned species, on the other hand, include both Poeciliidae reports suggest that J. multidentata has successfully Gambusia holbrooki (Girard, 1859), introduced in established itself in the waters of the Maipo River IRUPRVTXLWRFRQWURO 0RUHQR 0RUiQ  DQGKDVUHFHQWO\FRORQL]HGQHZDUHDV7KLVIDFW and Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842), could lead to classify it as an invasive species which was apparently introduced accidentally along &RODXWWL 0DF,VDDF 6LQFHJ. multidentata with the introduction of the Argentinean silverside LVQRWXVHGIRU¿VKLQJJDPHDVDUHVRXUFHSXUSRVH Odonthestes bonariensis &XYLHU 9DOHQFLHQQHV or for biological control, but it is commonly used   0RUHQR 5HYXHOWD  DVDQDTXDULXPVSHFLHV *KHGRWWL :HLW]PDQ 1996), it is likely that it was introduced accidently 'XULQJDSHULRGLFPRQLWRULQJRIWKH3HxDÀRUDUHD by aquarists, as there is no obvious reason for a )LJ LQ$XJXVWZHFROOHFWHGLQGLYLGXDOV GHOLEHUDWHLQWURGXFWLRQ RIµRQHVLGHGOLYHEHDUHU¶Jenynsia multidentata Jenynsia multidentata has an elongated body, -HQ\QV LQKDELWLQJDQDIÀXHQWRIWKH0DLSR slightly laterally compressed, greatest vertical 5LYHUDQGFRH[LVWLQJZLWKRWKHUQDWLYH¿VKVSHFLHV ERG\GHSWKEHWZHHQWKHDQDODQGSHOYLF¿QVPRXWK In March, 2009, during a routine monitoring of VOLJKWO\REOLTXHDQGGRUVDO¿QRULJLQGLUHFWO\DERYH WKH3XDQJXHVWUHDP )LJ ZHREVHUYHGDKLJK WKHDQDO¿QRULJLQ )LJLQWKLVSDSHU*KHGRWWL  density of J. multidentataLQWKHFRQÀXHQFHRIWKLV :HLW]PDQ $OWKRXJKJ. multidentata is often VWUHDPZLWKWKH0DLSR5LYHU LQGLYLGXDOV confused with G. holbrooki or C. decemmaculatus, it m2 :HDOVRUHJLVWHUHGWKHSUHVHQFHRIWKLVVSHFLHV can be distinguished from the introduced poeciliids

233 Gayana 73(2), 2009

FIGURE 1. Original distribution of Jenynsia multidentata (grey area on South America), including the records for central &KLOH VKRZLQJWKHK\GURJUDSKLFEDVLQVRIWKH0DLSR5LYHUDQG3XDQJXHVWUHDPLQWKHER[ 38&RQÀXHQFHRI3XDQJXH VWUHDPZLWK0DLSRULYHU&+&KRURPER3(3HxDÀRU

FIGURA 1. Distribución original de Jenynsia multidentata iUHDJULVHQ6XG$PpULFD LQFOX\HQGRORVUHJLVWURVHQ&KLOH FHQWUDO LQGLFDQGRODVFXHQFDVKLGURJUi¿FDVGHOUtR0DLSR\HVWHUR3XDQJXHHQHOUHFXDGUR 38&RQÀXHQFLDHVWHUR 3XDQJXHFRQUtR0DLSR&+&KRURPER3(3HxDÀRU

and congenerics by: (1) the round or short, horizontal ODFNWKHGLVWLQFWPDUNLQJVPHQWLRQHGDERYH )LJ GDVKVKDSHGPDUNLQJVWKDWIRUPDSSUR[LPDWHO\ LQWKLVSDSHU*KHGRWWL :HLW]PDQ  ¿YHWRVHYHQURZVDQGDOVROLQHVWKDWH[WHQGIRU Concerning its habitat, J. multidentata naturally more than four scales in length on the ventral occupies estuarine and near-shore environments FDXGDOSHGXQFOHLQDGXOWIHPDOHVDQGODUJHPDOHV YDU\LQJLQVDOLQLW\IURPIUHVKZDWHUWRIXOO\PDULQH (2) the presence of a distinct swelling between the It is distributed in most of northern Argentina, XURJHQLWDORSHQLQJDQGDQWHULRUEDVHRIWKHDQDO¿Q from the Río Colorado to the lower Paraná River, LQIHPDOHVDQG  ODFNRIDGLVWLQFWURXQGHGVSRW and in coastal rivers from Uruguay to Brazil RQWKHGRUVDOSHFWRUDOEDVH )LJLQWKLVSDSHUVHH )LJLQWKLVSDSHU*KHGRWWL*KHGRWWL  DOVR*KHGRWWL :HLW]PDQDQG¿JXUHVWKHUHLQ  :HLW]PDQ 2XU¿HOGREVHUYDWLRQVLQ(VWHUR Jenynsia multidentata is viviparous and has a Puangue showed that at the end of the summer PDUNHGVH[XDOGLPRUSKLVP )LJ ZLWKPRVWPDOHV J. multidentata was associated with a rocky bed, being much smaller than most females (Ghedotti tolerating turbid water with elevated nutrients  7KHLQGLYLGXDOVH[DPLQHGLQWKHODERUDWRU\ (1339 μg/L N-total, 913 μg/L P-total) and KDGWRWDOOHQJWKVRIWRPP Q  WKH FRQGXFWLYLW\ —6FP2) levels, although PDOHVKDGDPHDQOHQJWKRIPP Q 6' ZHOOR[\JHQDWHG PJ/GLVVROYHGR[\JHQ  ZKLOHWKHPHDQIRUIHPDOHVZDVPP ƒ&WHPSHUDWXUH +RZHYHUGXULQJWKHUDLQ\ Q 6'  7KHFRORUDWLRQLQDOFRKROLV season when there is a greater quantity of sediment yellow-brown on the sides and dorsal surface, while deposited, J. multidentata was associated with WKHYHQWUDOVXUIDFHDQGKHDGDUHRIIZKLWH)HPDOHV ULSDULDQYHJHWDWLRQ ODUJHUWKDQVL[FHQWLPHWHUVLQVWDQGDUGOHQJWKRIWHQ This species has been characterized as omnivorous,

234 New record of Jenynsia multidentata : QUEZADA-ROMEGIALLI, C. ET AL.

TABLE I. Diet composition of Jenynsia multidentataLQ3XDQJXHVWUHDP

TABLA I. Composición alimentaria de J. multidentataHQHOHVWHUR3XDQJXH

Phylum Class Order/unranked Family Genus/Item XQLGHQWL¿HG¿ODPHQ- LQGHW LQGHW LQGHW LQGHW tous algae LQGHW LQGHW LQGHW LQGHW plant remains Bacillariophyta %DFLOODUR¿FHDH Naviculales Pleurosigmataceae Gyrosigma sp. Naviculaceae Navicula sp. Fragilariophyceae Fragilariales Fragilariaceae Synedra sp. Coscinodiscophyceae Meloseirales Melosiraceae Melosira VS Mollusca Gastropoda Bassomatophora Lymnaeidae Lymnaea VS Arthropoda Insecta Diptera Chironomidae LQGHWODUYDH LQGHWVXEDGXOW Hemiptera Formicidae LQGHWDGXOW

7KUHHRIWKHLQGLYLGXDOVH[DPLQHGZHUHIHPDOHVWZR of which had several embryos in an advanced stage RIGHYHORSPHQWLQWKHLURYDULHV :HWUDQVSRUWHGLQGLYLGXDOVRIJ. multidentata to the Limnology Laboratory, where they were PDLQWDLQHGLQD/DTXDULD:HREVHUYHG JUHJDULRXVEHKDYLRUWKHILVKXVXDOO\PRYHGLQ JURXSVSHUPDQHQWO\DVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHVXEVWUDWH These individuals devoured all the food offered to WKHPZKLFKLQFOXGHGÀDNHVRIDTXDULXP¿VKIRRG Tubifex tubifex, Daphnia sp. and live larvae of LQVHFWVRIWKHRUGHU(SKHPHURSWHUD FIGURE 2. Views of Jenynsia multidentata a) adult female Given its characteristics of an invasive species PRUHWKDQVL[FHQWLPHWHUVLQWRWDOOHQJWKE DGXOWIHPDOH with omnivorous habits and tolerance to degraded F DGXOWPDOH habitat conditions and water quality, J. multidentata FIGURA 2. Vistas Jenynsia multidentata a) hembra adulta LVOLNHO\WRFRORQL]HRWKHUDUHDVRIWKH0DLSR5LYHU GHPiVGHVHLVFHQWtPHWURVHQORQJLWXGWRWDOE KHPEUD Since it prefers benthic areas and has a wide trophic DGXOWDF PDFKRDGXOWR niche, this species will surely compete with native IDXQDIRUVSDFHDQGIRRG,WLVLPSRUWDQWWRQRWHWKDW ZLWKDKLJKWURSKLFGLYHUVLW\ +  DQG RIWKH¿VKVSHFLHVGHVFULEHGIRU&KLOHDUH QXPHURXVSUH\LWHPV Q  WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQW LQGDQJHURIH[WLQFWLRQDQGDUHYXOQHUDEOHRU of which being nymphs of the order Ephemeroptera, LQVXI¿FLHQWO\NQRZQ +DELW et al. 2006, Vila et al. DGXOWVRIWKHRUGHU$PSKLSRGDDQG¿ODPHQWRXVDOJDH  7DNLQJLQWRDFFRXQWWKDWLQWURGXFHGVSHFLHV (López-Cazorla et al. 2XUDQDO\VLVRIWKH were recognized until 2006 (Iriarte et al. 2005, Vila et stomach content of 5 individuals from the Puangue al. 2006), it is primordial to consider in conservation stream revealed the presence of numerous prey items SODQVERWKWKHGLUHFWDQGLQGLUHFWHIIHFWVWKDWH[RWLF 7DEOH, FRQ¿UPLQJWKHRPQLYRURXVFKDUDFWHULVWLF IDXQDDUHSURGXFLQJDPDQ\QDWLYHVSHFLHV

235 Gayana 73(2), 2009

$&.12:/('*0(176 .DQVDV/DZUHQFH.DQVDV HABIT, E., DYER, B. & VILA, I. 2006. Estado de conocimiento GHORVSHFHVGXOFHDFXtFRODVGH&KLOH*D\DQD :HWKDQN*GH*RQ]RIRUVHQGLQJXVOLWHUDWXUH    5*DXFLIRU¿VKSKRWRVDQGWZRUHYLHZHUVIRU IRIARTE, J.A., LOBOS, G.A. & JAKSIC, F.M. 2005,QYDVLYH comments on the manuscript. This study was vertebrate species in Chile and their control and PRQLWRULQJE\JRYHUQPHQWDODJHQFLHV5HYLVWD partially funded by Fondecyt grant 11060496, &KLOHQDGH+LVWRULD1DWXUDO   &RQLF\WFRQWUDFW3)%DQG,&03&45 LÓPEZ-CAZORLA, A., DURÁN,W. & TEJERA, L. 2003. DFNQRZOHGJHVD&RQLF\W0DVWHUJUDQW Alimentación de la ictiofauna del río Sauce *UDQGH3URYLQFLDGH%XHQRV$LUHV$UJHQWLQD %LRORJtD$FXiWLFD MORENO, C. & REVUELTA, G. 1968. Un nuevo pez en BIBLIOGRAPHY aguas continentales chilenas: Cnesterodon decemmaculatus -HQ\QV 1RWLFLDULR COLAUTTI, R.I. & MAC ISAAC, H.J. 2004 $QHXWUDOWHUPL- Mensual, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural QRORJ\WRGH¿QHµLQYDVLYH¶VSHFLHV%LRGLYHUVLW\ &KLOH    5HVHDUFK   MORENO, C.A. & MORÁN, A. 1981 G , M.J. 2003. 6REUHODLQWURGXFFLyQ HEDOTTI )DPLO\$QDEOHSLGDH )RXUH\HG¿VKHV de Gambusia affinis holbrooki (Girard) y RQHVLGHGOLYHEHDUHUVDQGWKHZKLWHH\H ,Q&KHFNOLVW Carassius carassius (Linnaeus) en el río Maipo, RIWKHIUHVKZDWHU¿VKHVRI6RXWKDQG&HQWUDO$PHULFD &KLOH%ROHWtQGHOD6RFLHGDGGH%LRORJtDGH (GV5HLV5(62.XOODQGHU &-)HUUDULV SS &RQFHSFLyQ &KLOH  (GLSXFUV3RUWR$OHJUH%UD]LO VILA, I., PARDO, R., DYER, B. & HABIT, E. 2006 G , M.J. & WEITZMAN, S.H. 1996 HEDOTTI $QHZVSHFLHV Peces límnicos: diversidad, origen y estado de of Jenynsia (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae) FRQVHUYDFLyQ,Q0DFUy¿WDV\YHUWHEUDGRVGH from Brazil with comments on the composition los sistemas límnicos de Chile (GV9LOD,$ DQGWD[RQRP\RIWKH*HQXV2FFDVLRQDOSDSHUVRI 9HORVR56FKODWWHU &5DPtUH] SS WKH1DWXUDO+LVWRU\0XVHXP7KH8QLYHUVLW\RI (GLWRULDO8QLYHUVLWDULD6DQWLDJRGH&KLOH

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