39076 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE December 2, 19 73 ton, the Boston Yacht Club, an1 the Bald country urging impeachment and resigna­ On the subject of relations between the Park Colony Club of Melvin Village, N.H. tion." White House and the Republican party, Ash­ This record of service to church, State, In politics, Ashbrook goes on, "You don't brook says the greatest joke in Congressional and business organizations will stand, mind what the opposition says, you don't cloak rooms is the line put out by the White without a doubt, as his most enduring mind if they call you an S.O.B., you don't House three or four months ago that things memorial. mind if they say various things. But if they would be better with Haldeman and Ehrich­ start laughing at you or think you're crazy man gone, and former Representative Melvin Both myself, and my wife Corrine ex­ or a joke, at that point you're in trouble Laird and Bryce Harlow replacing them. tend all our sympathies to his bereaved and never regain your credibility." Ashbrook "It's no more open now than it ever was wife Helen and his mother, sister, and believes the President has now reached that for Congressional Republicans," Ashbrook sons. May his many accomplishments point. says. "There's probably less political input comfort them in this time of loss. "The most loyal, knee-jerk Republican in than there ever was, there are probably more the Congress at this point is reluctant to mistakes made than ever before.'' defend the President," Ashbrook says. "Some "If, during the very critical years, 1969 to of his best friends and most loyal supporters 1972, three or four conservative leaders had feel as if they've been led down the garden PRESIDENTIAL AMBITION joined me in criticizing the President's isola­ path. Flor example, we were told categori­ tion, his pa.lace guards--Ehrlichman and cally he would not give up the tapes and he Haldeman-I think we'd be in a little better has given them up. Some of the Republi­ position now. Of course, the Republican HON. DONALD W. RIEGLE, JR. can leaders, my friends in the House, were party showed no leadership and went along told by the White House to go out and say with the President regardless of the price." OF MICHIGAN things about Ohio Senator William Saxbe IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES last December when Saxbe said the President John Ashbrook does not think President had taken leave of his senses in resuming Nixon sould resign until Gerald Ford is Friday, November 30, 1973 the bombing of North Vietnam. Now, the confirmed as Vice President. When asked what kind of President he thinks Ford would :Mr. RIEGLE. Mr. Speaker, I would President appoints Saxbe Attorney General. "So, what is happening is just a continual make, Ashbrook replies, simply: "A better like to insert in the RECORD the follow­ litany of mistakes by the President. And one.'' ing illuminating article from the No­ when I say this I'm not speaking for the vember 30, 1973, edition of the New 200 million people in the country, but for his Times magazine. This article is writ­ circle of friends, his supporters, and the peo­ THOMAS M. PELLY ten by John D. Lofton about one of our ple that carry the burdens of his Presi­ colleagues, JOHN ASHBROOK, and I insert dency, his programs and those trying to sell it for the interest of those who read the them to the public. There is no enthusiasm RECORD: now. He can't be sold in the Congress or on HON. J. J. PICKLE the hustings back home." OF TEXAS PRESIDENTIAL AMBITION Ashbrook is carefully choosing his words. (By John D. Lofton Jr ) His voice is calm and measured as he says IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES At the 1968 Republican Convention, con­ that privately many of his conservative col­ Thursday, November 29, 1973 servative Congressman John M. Ashbrook leagues in the House believe the President was one of two dissenters who rejected Gov­ has taken leave of his senses. "You take Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, sadness at ernor John Rhodes' demand that the Ohio October, for example. We used to sit around the loss of one of our colleagues is height­ delegation unanimously support the Presi­ and say not much more can happen. Well, as ened when the Member was a man of the dential ambitions of Nelson Rockefeller. it turned out, we were wrong. We kept say­ integrity and personableness of Thomas Ashbrook did so in order to vote for Richard ing that the other shoe had to drop soon. M. Pelly. Nixon. In 1972, Ashbrook hiinSelf ran for But we now find out the President is a centi­ President in the Republican primaries. He pede. There's a shoe a week. He's dropped Although I never had the opportunity did so because he felt Richard Nixon had more shoes than he has feet." to serve in committee with Tom Pelly, broken his 1968 campaign promises, had re­ Ashbrook is 45 years old and serving his I had gotten to know him in countless versed himself on welfare, national defense, sixth term in the House. And for the first discussions and conversations in the federal spending, China and trade with Com­ time, he says, he is getting mail critical of House. munist countries. the President from Republicans back home. To me he was a man you could trust, a Now, in November of 1973 on a cold, "I know my constituency well. I recognize gloomy, rainy morning, the former Young when the Lea.gue of Women Voters and the man who commanded esteem, a man Republican National Chairman and co­ college professors and their wives write on ready to be a friend. founder of the American Conservative Union the bombing of Hanoi and so forth. My mail The high respect he held in this Cham­ sits in his Washington, D.C. office and says is not coming from them now. It's coming ber was well deserved. He formed his that if President Nixon were to ask him what from Republicans. This is the first time I've views carefully and argued for them ably do do, he would tell the President he ought gotten mail like this, mail from Republican to call it quits. "I don't think there is any committeemen and finance people. I think and effectively. He was always square way he can regain his credibility," Ashbrook it's just a sense of frustration that enough with his colleagues. says. "I suppose if he were to ask me person­ is enough is enough and I've had enough of Service and country were foremost on ally, I would say he ought to resign. I have enough. They are fed up with the President, his list of priorities. To me Tom Pelly not urged this publicly because of the fed up and tired of what they call 'this was a patriot of the first order, and I chorus of jackals that I see throughout the whole mess.' " am sorry to see this Nation lose him.

SENATE-Sunday, December 2, 1973

The Senate met at 10 a.m. and was appreciation of their spiritual values, U.S. SENATE, called to order by Hon. FRANK E. Moss, a with a realization of the effect that they PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, Senator from the State of Utah. may have upon our country, and with Washington, D.a., December 2, 1973. To the Senate: more concern for our country's welfare Being temporarily absent from the Senate PRAYER than our own. on official duties, I appoint Hon. FRANK E. The Honorable WALLACE F. BENNETT' a We ask this in the name of Thy Son, Moss, a Senator from the State of Utah, to Jesus Christ. Amen. perform the duties of the Chair during my Senator from the State of Utah, offered absence. the following prayer: JAMES 0. EASTLAND, President pro tempore. Our Father in Heaven, as we come APPOINTMENT OF ACTING PRESI­ together on this unusual and historic DENT PRO TEMPORE Mr. MOSS thereupon took the chair occasion, we ask Thy forgiveness for in­ as Acting President pro tempore. truding our affairs into what should be The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk a day devoted to Thy praise and service. will please read a communication to the But, in the spirit of the day, we ask Senate from the President pro tempore REPORT OF A COMMITTEE SUBMIT­ that Thou wilt touch our minds and (Mr. EASTLAND). TED DURING ADJOURNMENT hearts so that we will approach the re­ The assistant legislfi.tive clerk read Under authority of the order of the sponsibilities we must carry out with an the following letter: Senate of November 27, 1973, Mr. JACK- December 2, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 39077 soN, from the Committee on Interior and tial campaigns means in its simplest terms from Spater would put him in a "special Insular Affairs, reported favorably, with It also means-and this accounts for the class" of contributors, the executive testi­ frantic efforts in the Senate last week tc fied. The corporation eventually produced amendments, on December 1, 1973, the enact public campaign-financing legisla­ $56,000 in lllegal funds for the Nixon re­ bill (S. 1283) to establish a national pro­ tion-a giant step toward eliminating the election campaign. "I was motivated by a gram for research, development, and influence of large campaign contributors on host of fears" that American might be "put demonstration in fuels and energy and the political process. at a competitive disadvantage" if it didn't for the coordination and financial sup­ Senate proponents regard public campaign oblige the fund raisers, Spater said. (The plementation of Federal energy research financing as the only way to remove the merger was subsequently disapproved none­ and development; to establish develop­ political stains splattered by the Watergate theless.) ment corporations to demonstrate tech­ affair on the mantle of all Federal office­ The kind of oointributions described by the holders. "Beyond any doubt," Massachusetts' executives is already illegal. But the Senate nologies for shale oil development, coal Edward M. Kennedy argued to his colleagues, legislation would make it more unlilrnly gasification development, advanced "the year-long revelations of Watergate to be solicited and easier to detect. It would, power cycle development, geothermal demonstrate the insidious influence of pri­ for example, put a $3,000 ceiling on individ­ steam development, and coal liquefaction vate money in American politics. Most of ual contributions to any Presidential candi­ development; to authorize and direct the the serious problems facing this country date in the primaries. In addition, the leg­ Secretary of the Interior to make min­ have their roots in the way we finance cam­ islation would provide: eral resources of the public lands avail­ paigns for high office." Presidential primaries: Candidates collect­ able for said development corporations; Kennedy is one of nine senators from ing $100,000 in contributions of $100 or less both parties who last week successfully would become eligible for matching Federal and for other purposes, and submitted a rammed through the Senate a sweeping re­ payments. Each contribution of $100 or less report (No. 93-589) thereon, which was form bill providing for public financing of by an individual would be matched equally printed. Presidential and congressional campaigns, from a special campaign fund created by though not congressional primaries. They taxpayer contributions as outlined below. offered their measure as an amendment to There would be a $15 Inillion limit on each ORDER FOR PRINTING TODAY'S a bill urgently sought by the White House­ candidate's total spending in the primaries PRAYER a bill to raise the Federal debt limit--and (half public, half private). The $100,000 re­ thus sought to make campaign reform veto­ quirement is aimed at screening out "frivo­ Mr. FANNIN. Mr. President, in this lous"' candidates. historic session, I ask unanimous consent proof. THREAT IN SAFE DISTRICTS Presidential elections: Beginning in 1976, that the prayer offered in the Senate elections would be financed by a special Chamber this morning by the distin­ The strategy initially ran into trouble. fund fed by taxpayers who elect to check off The House balked at bypassing its own com­ guished Senator from Utah (Mr. BEN­ $1 on their income-tax returns for political mittee procedures to accommodate what its purposes ($2 on a joint return). Each ma­ NETT) be printed on parchment for leaders consider the Senate's strong-arm availability for circulation. jor party candidate would be allowed to pressure tactics. House members were par­ spend up to $21 million for his campaign. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ ticularly critical of the section covering If not enough taxpayers contribute to the pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. House campaigns, which would guarantee fund, each candidate could raise the differ­ that even members from politically safe dis­ ence between his share of the fund and his tricts would face well-financed opposition $21 million entitlement by soliciting private THE JOURNAL in future elections. contributions, but no contribution could ex­ So Senate backers, after reaching agree­ Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask ceed $3,000. Or Congress could appropriate ment with House leaders on how much of the difference. unanimous consent that the reading of the plan would be acceptable to them, Public financing Inight prompt new abuses. the Journal of the proceedings of Sat­ stripped down the plan. They knocked out And, as has been noted in this space before urday, December 1, 1973, be dispensed everything but the Presidential provisions, (The National Observer, Oct. 13, 19731, it with. which make partial public financing of Presi­ raises a serious Constitutional question: The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ dential campaigns mandatory, beginning in Isn't a liinit on contributions an abridge­ pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. 1976. ment of free speech and association? Opponents warned that President Nixon But whatever the scheme's shortcoinings, might veto the bill. The President wants it could remove the influence of large contri­ DIVISION OF TIME ON CONSIDER­ Congress to set up a commission to study butions on elections. And that, in the at­ ATION OF CLOTURE MOTION political fund raising. But the supporters mosphere of a Watergate-weary Washington, of reform pressed on. is enough to have breathed new life into an Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask Two votes show the changing congression­ old idea. al sentiment toward public financing. On unanimous consent that the time under Mr. THURMO:r...TJ). Mr. President­ the cloture period be divided equally be­ July 26 the Senate defeated public financing, 53 to 38. Last week it approved a similar Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, if the tween the Senator from Alabama (Mr. proposal, 52 to 40. Senator will allow me-- ALLEN) and the Senator from Louisiana (Mr. LONG), the manager of the bill. WATERGATE TESTIMONY The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ The difference between the votes can pore. Who yields time? The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ largely be attributed to the recent testi­ pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. mony of a parade of corporation executives before the Senate Watergate committee. ORDER FOR ADJOURNMENT TO Seven companies and their executives have MONDAY SUPPORT GROWS FOR PUBLIC FI­ been found guilty of violating laws outlaw­ NANCING OF CAMPAIGNS ing corporate contributions to political cam­ Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask paigns. Others are mill being investigated. unanimous consent that, when the Sen­ Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask The classic pattern of favor-seeking was at~ completes its business today, it come unanimous consent that an article pub­ described by Machiavelli in The Prince, in 1532, this way: "Those who wish to win in tomorrow at 12 o'clock. lished in the National Observer for the The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ week ending December 8, 1973, entitled favor with the prince offer him the things they most value and in which they see that pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. "Paying for Politics-Support Grows for he will take most pleasure." Mr. MANSFIELD. And that when the Public Financing," written by Mark R. But in the pattern outlined to the Water­ Senate completes its business today, it Arnold, be printed in the RECORD. gate committee, the offers flowed in the op­ stand in adjournment. There being no objection, the article posite direction, and could even be described The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as threats. pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. as follows: Former Amerioan Airlines Chairman (From the National Observer, December George A. Spater, the first businessman to 1973] disclOSP, an illegal contribution, told a typi­ cal story. He was approached in July 1972 TEMPORARY INCREASE IN PUBLI~ PAYING FOR POLITICS--SUPPORT GROWS FOR by Herbert Kalmbach, President Nixon's per­ DEBT LIMIT PuBLIC FINANCING sonal attorney, who also is counsel to United (By Mark R. Arnold) Air Lines, a major compe,t itor of American. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ You may be paying for Nelson Rockefel­ The call came at a time when American pore. Under the previous order the Chair ler's bid for the Presidency in 1976. And was seeking Federal approval to merge with now lays before the Senate the pending George Wallace's, and Charles Percy's, and Western Airlines. Though there was appar­ business which the clerk will state. Shirley Chisholm's. ently no discussion of the merger, Kalm­ The assistant legislative clerk read as That's what public financing of Presiden- bach suggested that a $100,000 contribution follows: 39078 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE December 2, 1973 H.R. 11104 to provide for a temporary in­ Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I the instant case, is the precedent we are crease of $10.7 billion in the public debt ask unanimous consent that a member limit and to extend the period to which this going to be setting, if a little group of temporary debt limit applies to June 30, 1974. of the Judiciary sta1I be present during men in the Senate, so-called leaders, can this debate-- get together and present a half-baked The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ proposal such as this is to the Senate, pore. The pending question is on the mo­ pore. Who yields time? get a vote on it, add it to a House bill, tion to invoke cloture on the motion to Mr. ALLEN. I yield to the Senator have the House give it no consideration insist on the Senate amendments to H.R. from South Carolina. until the final package is presented to 11104 and request a conference on the Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I it, and then send it to the President in a disagreeing votes of the two Houses ask unanimous consent that Mr. Packet veto-proof condition because it is added thereon, and that the Chair be authorized of the Judiciary sta1I be allowed the to a "must" bill. to appoint conferees on the part of the privilege of the floor during this debate. Mr. President, if we are going to allow Senate. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ that precedent, if we are going to allow Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. a little group of so-called leaders in the unanimous consent that the time on the The Senator from Alabama is rec­ Senate, to tack a half-baked concoction cloture motion which will become eligi­ ognized. How much time does the Sena­ such as this, which nobody knows the de­ ble for consideration tomorrow, and tor yield to himself? tails of, to a must bill, we are going to which was filed yesterday, begin at the Mr. ALLEN. I yield myself 6 minutes. establish a precedent-- hour of 1 p.m. The issue presented to the Senate to­ The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, will the day is whether there shall be placed pore. The 6 minutes of the Senator have Senator from Montana yield for a mo­ above the fiscal integrity of the U.S. Gov­ expired. ment? ernment a demand for a Federal hand­ Mr. ALLEN. I yield myself an addi­ Mr. MANSFIELD. I yield. out to some score or more Presidential tional 2 minutes. Mr. ALLEN. Is he going to press the hopefuls of up to $7 % million. Included The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ cloture motion today? in that number are some 8 or 10 U.S. pore. The Senator is recognized for 2 ad­ Mr. MANSFIELD. Yes; this is for to­ Senators and, in addition, some of the ditional minutes. morrow. wealthiest men in the United States. It Mr. ALLEN. If we are going to allow Mr. ALLEN. You anticipate it is going seems to the Senator from Alabama that a small group of people to rewrite the to fail today? we would have to look mighty far to find basic and fundamental principles upon Mr. MANSFIELD. No; just in case. a group of people to whom the Federal which our governmental processes are Just insurance. [Laughter.] Government does not give financial as­ based, without ever sending such a meas­ The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ sistance if we are to provide a Federal ure to a committee, without it ever hav­ pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. handout in the form of a Federal sub­ ing 1 day of hearing, this will be the prac­ Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President-- sidy for candidates for the Presidency, tice as of ten as this bill comes up, and it for Presidential hopefuls who seek the has come up every 5 or 6 months, because Presidential nomination of their respec­ Congress, in its wisdom, extends this ORDER OF BUSINESS tive parties. This is an e1Iort on the limit for only 5 or 6 months at a time. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ part of those who would put such a So now is the time to call a halt to it. pore. The Senator from Pennsylvania is handout ahead of the fiscal integrity of If those who favor this raid on the Treas­ recognized. the United States. ury place that ahead and above and be­ Mr. HUGH SCOTT. Mr. President, we What would it do? It would undercut yond the fiscal integrity of the United are all so happy and so pleased and de­ the Watergate Committee. That com­ States, so be it. lighted to be here today that I do not mittee was set up to rectify abuses Mr. President, I have presented twice think I will say anything to add to the resulting from campaign issues. Unless in the Senate a motion that would resolve joy involved in this conversational ex­ I miss my guess, there are five members this whole matter and send this bill to change. of the Watergate Committee who do not the President; and I hope that after the Let us leave that to those who wished favor this proposal. cloture motion is voted on, we will act on to be present today. I speak as one who Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, will the that, and that we will not be prevented did not. Senator yield? from acting on it by a filibuster or par­ Several Senators addressed the Chair. Mr. ALLEN. I yield. liamentary tactics, because that motion Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, I am Mr. AIKEN. The Senator referred to is still pending before the Senate. As glad to see that the minority leader is this as a handout. Does not the Senator soon as the cloture motion is disposed of, wearing the badge of merit over his heart mean "reach-in"? we will move to the motion to recede and today. Mr. ALLEN. "Reach in" and take out. vote on a bill which will be passed and Mr. HUGH SCOTT. I wear it over my Yes, "reach in." They reach in and take go to the President. He is in Washing­ heart in recollection of my sins and hope out of the taxpayers' pockets. The Sen­ ton for this weekend, and he can sign for a better life from now on. [Laughter.] ator is absolutely correct. the measure. Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President-­ This measure, which has had all of So, Mr. President, a great issue is pre­ The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ 30 amendments, according to the distin­ sented here-whether we are going to pore. Time is now under control-- guished chairman of the committee, has legislate by just a few fellows getting to­ Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President-­ had 3 minutes of consideration. Who gether and saying, "We wish to compro­ The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ knows what it says? There is not a copy mise, and we can handle those fellows in pore. The time will be equally divided on the desk of any Senator. So far as this the House. They are just a bunch of between the Senator from Louisiana (Mr. Senator is concerned, he has not received sacks of potatoes," they say-not those LONG) and the Senator from Alabama a copy. I know-"and we can pass that over (Mr. ALLEN) • It undercuts the Watergate Commit­ there. All we have to do is agree to it in Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, a quorum tee. It does not wait for that committee the Senate." has not been established. That would to make its recommendation. That com­ We are not going to agree to it today come first. mittee does not like it. Five of the seven in the Senate, in the judgment of the Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. The estab­ members do not like this provision. Senator from Alabama, and I hope we lishment of a quorum is not required at What else does it do? It undercuts the will pass the debt limit bill. this point. committee system. This bill has not had Mr. President, I reserve the remainder The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ any consideration before a committee. of my time. pore. In the absence of a quorum until It undercuts the committee system. It The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ the end of the hour-who yields time? undercuts the U.S. Senate itself, because pore. Who yields time? Who yields time? on July 30, we passed in the Senate, by Mr. LONG. Mr. President, I yield 2 Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President--Mr. a vote of 88 to 8, S. 372, that provides minutes to the majority leader, the dis­ President-- for strict regulation of campaign receipts, tinguished Senator from Montana. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ expenditures, and disclosures. That bill Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I am pore. The Senator may not be recog­ is now in the House of Representatives. afraid that the distinguished Senator nized until time is yielded to him. But far more than that, far more than from Alabama doth protest too much. December 2, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 39079 He talks about undercutting the Water­ nance Committee. The Finance Commit­ maintaining this unconscionable filibus­ gate Committee. As a matter of fact, it tee has held hearings on this proposal. ter are also frustrating a majority of the was the Watergate Committee which The Senate has discussed it on 3, 4, or 5 House of Representatives and a majority helped to generate the question of con­ different days that I can recall. of the American people and they cannot tributions by corporations and others in I do not think that this is a "half­ be allowed to prevail. Presidential campaigns. baked" proposal, as the distinguished If Watergate means anything, it means In my opinion-and I may be wrong­ Senator from Alabama seems to indicate; that the time has come to end the corro­ ! have an idea that the distinguished nor do I think that the leaders-the sive power of private money in public Senator from Alabama would not even Democratic leaders, that is-when they life. The corruption of the 1972 election vote for a Presidential proposal of this met, took onto themselves extraordinary demonstrates beyond any doubt that our nature, even if it were proposed by the prerogatives because we said that we campaign financing laws are hopelessly Watergate Committee. would try to get the Senate and the inadequate to stem the tide of abuse that He says, also, that we are attempting House to agree to a proposal of this flows from the power of giant political to undercut the committee system. The nature. contributors and those who seek their distinguished Senator from Alabama The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ contributions. knows better than that. He knows that pore. The 4 minutes of the Senator have If we seize the moment we now h ave, the committees are the servants of the expired. we can shut off forever the underground Senate as a whole, and the Senate as a Mr. LONG. I yield 1 additional minute flow of cash in political campaigns. We whole is now and has been and will be, to the Senator. can ring down the curtain on the role of if need be, considering this measure. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask big campaign contributors. For too long, After all, when we think of committees, unanimous consent that the name of the they have profaned the proud profession we think of them as the creatures and distinguished Senator from West Vir­ of politics. The time has come to end the the servants of the Senate. They are ginia (Mr. RANDOLPH)' who I thought corruption and the appearance of cor­ nothing special. They are subordinate to had signed the cloture motion yester­ ruption that always travel in their wake. this body. That is the way it is, and day, be included in yesterday's cloture Public financing is the best single an­ that is the way it will be, because no motion. swer Congress can provide to the evils committee is going to tell the Senate how The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ symbolized by Watergate. At a single the Senate as a whole is going to vote. pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. stroke, by enacting the bill before us, Mr. LONG. Mr. President, will the Sen­ Who yields time? we can take the Presidential election off ator yield? Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, will the the auction block, and give it back to the Mr. MANSFIELD. I am glad to yield. Senator yield me 4 minutes? American people. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ Mr. LONG. i yield 4 minutes to the I hope this filibuster marks the last pore. The time of the Senator has ex­ Senator. stand of those who would ignore the les­ pired. Mr.KENNED_Y.Mr.President,thelast son of Watergate and preserve the status Mr. LONG. I yield 2 additional min­ time the Senate met in extraordinary quo. There is no wiser investment the utes. Sunday session was more than 100 hard-pressed and long-suffering Ameri­ As a practical matter, I ask the Sena­ years ago, on the eve of the Civil War can taxpayer can make than to spend tor, is it not the Committee on Finance and the inauguration of Abraham his tax dollars on public financing of that would have jurisdiction of this mat­ Lincoln, the President who saved the elections, and I hope that Congress will ter, not the Watergate Committee? Union. vote today to let this measure pass. Mr. MANSFIELD. Of course. It is entirely appropriate, therefore, Mr. President, I wish to ask the Sena­ Mr. LONG. The fact is that the Com­ that we meet in extraordinary Sunday tor from Louisiana a very brief question. mittee on Finance has considered this session this morning on what we hope is He has served in the Senate for, I believe, type of matter several times before, and the eve of the most important action 24 years. we in the committee had the proposal Congress can take to save the Union from Mr. LONG. Twenty-five years. before us. If one looks at the rollcall Watergate and preserve the political sys­ Mr. KENNEDY. Twenty-five years. votes, he will see that the committee tem of the Nation. The Senator from Louisiana has seen would be closely divided on this matter, Last week, a strong bipartisan ma­ filibusters come and go. I would be in­ even more closely divided than the Sen­ jority of the Senate enacted far-reaching terested in his view as to whether this ate itself. legislation to establish public financing type filibuster could really take place and It would be appropriate to say-as the of all elections for Federal office-Presi­ continue without the support and en­ committee did-that no matter what ad­ dent, House and Senate. Since that ac­ couragement, or at least the acquiescence, vice we may give the Senate about this tion, we have received strong indications of the White House. matter, the Senate is still going to reach that the House of Representatives is Does the Senator, who is the manager its own conclusions. Therefore, we re­ prepared to accept at least two Llajor of the bill and who has been one of the ported the debt limit bill, reserving the parts of that legislation now-the pro­ real pioneers in campaign reform, think right to every Senator on that commit­ hibition on private financing in the gen­ we should have a statement from the tee-as we would expect every Senator eral election for President, so that all President of the United States on the who has heard this issue debated time candidates will be required to use the issue that has brought the Senate to an and time again for weeks and months in public financing option now available; extraordinary session at this time? The the Senate-to take a position on this and the matching grant provisions for President has stated in the past that he issue. partial public financing of Presidential is for campaign reform legislation. The Basically, I am persuaded that it is the primaries. former Vice President said he believes issue we are talking about, not the pre­ Although the third major provision of in public financing. We have had a clear cise details of how it is to be done. It is the amendment passed by the Senate expression by the Senate. A strong ma­ a question of whether one wants to re­ last Tuesday-public financing for Sen­ jority of the Senate is on record in favor move from this Government the power of ate and House elections-may not be of this legislation. Why is the President private money to dictate the decisions enacted now, it is still of great signifi­ silent? rather than the consciences of private cance that the full Senate is so squarely The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ people. It is an issue that is far bigger, on record in support of this provision. pore. The time of the Senator has in my judgment, than the Finance Com­ I believe its enactment will come swiftly, expired. mittee, the Watergaite Committee, or any as soon as the House of Representatives Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, will the others. It was here with us, and may I has had the opportunity to consider more Senator yield to me for 1 additional say that the Senate had taken a position fully the application of public financing minute? on it, long before we had ever heard of to its own elections. Mr. LONG. I yielcl. the Watergate Committee. But Congress is ready now, on the Debt Mr. KENNEDY. A strong majority of Mr. MANSFIELD. The Senator is Ceiling Act, to take a giant step toward the Members of this body has voted in correct. All the Watergate Committee restoring the shattered confidence of the support of this legislation, and I believe can do is to recommend legislation; and people in the integrity of their Govern­ that a majority of the House would do if legislation is recommended in this ment. Those who seek today to frustrate so as well. illirea, it would, of course, go to the Fi- the will of the majority of the Senate by Does the Senator agree with me that it 39080 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE December 2, 19 73 would be appropriate for the American some measure to see that this type scan­ They are fed up with the filth and cor­ people, as the Senate meets in this dead­ dal which is plaguing his administration ruption of our present system of fi­ lock situation, to receive some clear ex­ will never happen. nancing political campaigns. pression from the President on this issue, It seems to me that he would want to They want an end to the cynical busi­ which has brought us to this extraordi­ go along today with those who have bet­ ness of putting American Government up nary session? ter credentials in this area of maintain­ for sale to the highest bidder. Mr. LONG. Mr. President, I am con­ ing a system above and beyond the pow­ They want an end to the "Buy Amer­ vinced that a successful filibuster cannot er of money or any improper forces to ica" system of financing campaigns. be sustained against this proposal which, corrupt. He should be willing to accept By an overwhelming majority of 59 from the point of view of those of us the judgment of others who have better to 36 the Senate of the United States­ who favor it, is to remove the influence credentials than he in this area. It seems Democrats and Republicans alike-voted of big money from its potential of to me he might be willing to sign a meas­ this week to make a start on ending this dominating decisions of this Govern­ ure passed by a majority of this Congress system for good, tr.rough combined pub­ ment. In my judgment a filibuster can­ who think this will have a pronounced lic and private financing in all campaigns not be sustained if the man who sits in cleansing effect on our Government. If for Federal office-for the Presidency, the White House did not want that type not, we would have to consider whether the House, and the Senate. filibuster to succeed. If he wanted it to we have the votes to override a veto, and Now we are given to understand by the succeed, my guess is it would have a if we do not, we will have to yield even­ leadership of the House of Representa­ fairly good chance of continuing, even tually to the President on this matter. tives that the House is willing to join with successfully; but if he does not want it to But we should have a chance to find out. us to provide a comprehensive system of be sustained, it seems to me he could Those supporting a filibuster today public financing for at least Presidential make his views clear and there would not should be willing to permit the Senate elections. be 34 votes in this body to support the to take its proposal to the President so And this is the argument today. The filibuster. that he can either agree with those who question is whether we will join with the It is obvious where the votes are. The are conducting the filibuster or those House to reform Presidential campaign Senate voted to propose this measure. who have been among his strongest sup­ financing, or allow this critical reform This measure has gone to the House porters in the past. to founder on the rocks of parliamentary before, and it went there without a fili­ Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, will the maneuvering. buster. So it is fairly clear that we would Senator yield? The provisions which the House is will­ not have a filibuster on our hands if it Mr. LONG. I yield 4 minutes to the ing to accept are essentially those intro­ were not for the fact that there are Senator from Minnesota. duced by Senator SCHWEIKER and myself those in this body as well as in the House Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, I think last July. who feel that the House is willing to it is appropriate that we meet this morn­ And they were overwhelmingly ap­ agree to something, and what they are ing for the first time in 112 years on a proved by the Senate in the comprehen­ willing to agree to are those items men­ Sabbath morning because I believe what sive amendment adopted last week under tioned by the Senator from Massachu­ we have before us truly is the Lord's work. the leadership of the distinguished Sen­ setts: one, a prohibition on accepting If it was necessa.ry once to force the ator from Massachusetts

the Senate seems to believe this matter I nouye Montoya Stafford 1. Mike Mansfield 12. Charles H. Percy to be naturally we would try to resolve Jackson Moss Stennis 2. Hugh Scott 13. Gaylord Nelson Johnston Muskie Stevens 3. Walter F. the i;sue on a bill which the President Kennedy Nelson Stevenson 14. Thomas J. would be very reluctant to veto, such as Long Nunn Talmacrge Mondale Mcintyre this one and seek a confrontation on a Magnuson Pastore Thurmond 4. Robert C. Byrd 15. Quentin N. Mansfield Pell Tower 5. EdwardM. Burdick ''must" bill, which must become law in Mathias Proxmire Tunney Kennedy 16. Joseph R. Biden one fashion or another. McClellan Ribicoff Welcker 6. Edmund S. 17. Hubert H. That is what the Senate has done. The McGovern Roth Williams Muskie Humphrey Mcintyre Schweiker Young Senate has espoused to initiate the issue Metcalf Scott, Hugh 7. Lawton Chiles 18. Henry M. Jackson in a way that would accomplish its pur­ Mondale Sparkman 8. Philip A. Hart 19. Jennings 9. Alan Cranston Randolph pose. Mr. ROBERT BYRD. I announce If we do not put this measure on a c. 10. John 0. Pastore that the Senator from Missouri (Mr. 11. Harrison A. significant revenue bill, as the Senate EAGLETON), the Senator from Arkansas Williams has done, the attempt would be fruitless. (Mr. FULBRIGHT), the Senator from Iowa So while I did not advocate it and was Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, may we (Mr. HUGHES), the Senator from Wyo­ have order? not a sponsor of this amendment, I com­ ming (Mr. McGEE), and the Senator pletely respect the right of Senators to The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ from West Virginia (Mr. RANDOLPH) are pore. The Senate will be in order before bring the issue to a conclusion in this necessarily absent. fashion. They have a right to do it. we proceed. I also announce that the Senator from Pursuant to rule XXII, a rollcall has I have been looking over the rollcall Missouri (Mr. SYMINGTON) is absent be­ votes on this issue, both yesterday, the been had, and a quorum is present. day before, and in years past. When this cause of illness. The question before the Senate is, Is matter first came up, the people of this Mr. GRIFFIN. I announce that the it the sense of the Senate that the debate Nation had little understanding of it. We Senator from Tennessee ..board ship in in charge of energy. But in February the tax credits, thereby encouraging investment President changed again, appointing Presi­ World War II, "When in danger, when in a.broad rather than at home. doubt, run in circles, scream and shout." dential Advisors Shultz, Kissinger and Such is Washington's reaction to the energy 9. GOVERNMENT POLICIES HISTORICALLY WRONG Ehrlichman as the President's Special Com­ crisis. It's been coming. The brown-outs in Rather than encouraging prudent usage o! mittee on Energy. These advisors were so busy northeastern United States in '65 and '66 energy, government has encouraged energy with other responsibilities, it was hard to get gave us the warning, but we were too busy waste. For example, more highways rather a quorum. So next the President appointed with the Vietnam War to listen. Suffice it than mass transit, lower cost of energy the Mr. Charles DiBona. as Special Consultant to say, President Nixon did n.:>t cause the more you use, inadequate insulation stand­ to the President on Energy. Mr. DiBona pre­ energy crisis. But the President is the only ards in housing, etc. pared a 42 page term pa.per on energy and one who can prevent the crisis from becoming submitted it as the President's Message to 10. BUT MOST OF ALL, NO ONE IS IN CHARGE! the Congress on Energy on April 18, 1973. a catastrophe. And if he doesn't act decisively The responsibility for energy policy is by January 1, then instead of just cooler This contained much rhetoric and little sub­ spread over 73 agencies and departments of stance. In the meantime, Mr. William Simon, homes, Americans will be cooling their government. One would think that Governor heels--out of a job. Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, was ap­ Love, whom President Nixon calls his "En­ pearing at Congressional hearings on energy We are in an energy crisis because: ergy Czar," would be in charge, but appear­ matters and he seemed to have the best 1. TREMENDOUS CONSUMPTION-TREMENDOUS ing on the "Today" Show, Governor Love, grasp of the situation. However, when the WASTE when asked about gasoline rationing said Congress started working closely with him, The U.S., 6 percent of the world's popula­ he didn't know. But, he continued, "an int er­ the President cancelled him out on June 29th tion, consumes over 35 percent of the world's agency group pulled together by OMB is wit h the appointment of Governor Love as total energy. More important, we waste more working on a plan." OMB is the Office of the so-called "Energy Czar." So you can see than we consume. Large glass offir - buildings Management and Budget charged with fiscal that the President's lead of 7 policies in 7 waste two-thirds of the energy needed in affairs, not energy affairs. OMB is staffed mont hs has been rather difficult to follow. their operation. with fiscal experts-not energy experts. And And, of course, the major ingredient neces­ so we have in place of a policy, organized sary is missing: credibility. When the Presi­ 2. SPmALING CONSUMPTION chaos. Secretary Morton says we will have dent speaks, fundamental to the success of In the next 10 years, the United States rationing by January, Secretary Shultz says his proposals is that the President is be­ will use as much oil and gas as it used from over his dead body! Herbert Stein, Economic lieved. An Energy Policy Council would the beginning of its history until the year Counselor, and Melvin Laird recommend 30 eliininate the internecine warfare between 1970. To compcund the problem, the rest cents tax on a gallon of gas and then comes department heads jockeying for position. It of the world is consuming energy at a faster the President blaming Congress. No one seri­ would clear the air from countermanding rate than the United States. For example, ously suggests that the legislative branch is counterproposa.ls. There would be that one 39088 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE December 2, 19 73 place where the Congress and the people Jews and gentiles throughout the world the spiritual father of the Jewish State, could all go to obtain the truth and this who deeply mourn the passing of David Theodor Herzl, the First Zionist Congress one office would speak for government so Ben-Gurion. convened and proclaimed the right of the that we could all head in the same direction. Jewish people to national rebirth in its own But for the moment, Just when I was begin­ More than a great leader of his own country. ning to believe Governor Love, he appears people, David Ben-Gurion was a per­ This right was recognized in the Balfour saying, no, not me-it's OMB. And just when manent symbol to people throughout the Declaration of the 2nd November, 1917, and you think it's OMB, the President says no, world of what people of faith and deter­ reaffirmed in the Mandate of the League of it's a. special task force. Like Sealtest ice mination can achieve. Nations which, in particular, gave interna­ cream, it's the flavor of the week, and if On the 14th day of May 1948 in the tional sanctions to the historic connection you don't like the government's position this museum of Tel Aviv, he read a brief between the Jewish people and Eretz-Israel week, wait until next week. And waiting, a and to the right of the Jewish people to re­ declaration which told the history of the build its National Home. crisis becomes a catastrophe. Jewish people, a history of exile, a CRISIS SERIOUS-CRISIS DEEP The catastrophe which recently befell the history of persecution, a history of Jewish people-the massacre of Inillions of The energy crisis is serious. It is deep. survival. Jews in Europe-was another clear demon­ There is nothing the President can do, there When he concluded that proclamation, stration of the urgency of solving the prob­ is nothing the Congress can do to prevent lem of its homelessness by re-establishing in critical shortages between now and 1980. The a proclamation based on the United Na­ tions resolution calling for the establish­ Eretz-Israel the Jewish State, which would problem is very complex. It will require open the gates of the homeland wide to every billion-dollar research efforts; a crash pro­ ment of a Jewish State in Israel, the Jew and confer upon the Jewish people the gram like a Manhattan project; long range audience recited an ancient Hebrew ben­ status of a fully-privileged member of the planning. Hence, the President's "Project In­ ediction and then left the museum to comity of nations. dependence"-making the United States in­ face war. Survivors of the Nazi Holocaust in Europe, dependent of any reliance upon foreign As Abba Eban has written: as well as Jews from other parts of the world, sources of supply by 1980. But the ma.in continued to migrate to Eretz-Israel, un­ round of this bout la.sting until 1980 is what Israel was experiencing the Joy of birth daunted by difficulties, restrictions and can and must be done in 1974. This· is the and fear of death in a single taste; and the dangers, and never ceased to assert their year of sacrifice. If Americans will tighten physical danger was deepened by political right to a life of dignity, freedom and honest their belts 12 months then we can prevent a isolation. toil in their national homeland. crisis from becoming a ca.ta.strophe. D.avid Ben-Gurion led his people in In the Second World War, the Jewish com­ CRISIS YES, BUT NOT CATASTROPHE munity of this country contributed its full their fight for survival and in their share to the struggle of the freedom- and In a capsule, America. consumes 18 Inillion struggle to rebuild the land of Israel. It barrels of oil a day. A quickening of the peace-loving nations against the forces of Ala.ska. pipeline, a. love-1:1 with the Arabs, was an impossible dream but it was a Nazi wickedness and, by the blood of its sol­ could vary it slightly, but any way you look dream that now has lived on for a quar­ diers and its war effort, gained the right to at it, we a.re going to operate with a 3 million ter century. Ben-Gurion said: be reckoned among the peoples who founded barrel shortage daily. This is a. crisis. It means In Israel, in order to be a realist you the United Nations. until we can develop additional resources, must believe in miracles. On the 29th November, 1947, the United we must move immediately into the gap to Nations General Assembly passed a resolu­ eliminate 3 million dally shortage. Experts For David Ben-Gurion, there was only tion calling for the establishment of a Jew­ say this can be done in the following manner: one miracle still left undone, the miracle ish State in Eretz-Israel; the General As­ 1. Pick up a Inilllon barrels by conserva­ of peace. He believed that the future of sembly required the inhabitants of Eretz­ tion-lowering the thermostat to 68 degrees, Israel could be based only on peace with Israel to take such steps as were necessary daylight saving time throughout the year, and respect for its Arab neighbors. He on their part for the implementation of that etc. resolution. This recognition by the United 2. Pick up the second million by increased led the nation of Israel as prime minister Nations of the right of the JeWish people production---deregula.tion of natural gas, etc. in its war of independence, and in the to establish their State is irrevocable. 3. Pick up the third million by gas ration­ first 15 years of its existence. This right is the natural right of the ing. But he believed that its future rested Jewish people to be masters of their own This last one is a must-now! You can't fate, like all other nations, in their own sov­ on peace and he worked in behalf of that ereign State. play with it. You can't edict 50 Iniles per goal. He was a great leader and we mourn hour, eliminate Sunday driving, and expect Accordingly we, Members of the People's to do the job. This only saves 250,000 barrels his passing. Council, representatives of the Jewish Com­ and the need is for a million. Moreover, when I ask unanimous consent that the munity of Eretz-Israel and of the Zionist you set two different speed rates, you have aforementioned declaration of Israel's movement, are here assembled on the day of the termination of the British Mandate created a. problem rather than solved one. independence be printed in the RECORD. These half-measures start people hoarding over Eretz-Israel and, by virtue of our nat­ and consuming, rather than conserving. So There being no objection, the declara­ ural and historic right and on the strength before long, the President says, surprisingly, tion was ordered to be printed in the of the resolution of the United Nations Gen­ it hasn't worked. With half-measures, the RECORD, as follows: eral Assembly, hereby declare the establish­ ment of a Jewish State in Eretz-Israel, to be best minds look for the crisis to turn to DECLARATION OF ISRAEL'S INDEPENDENCE catastrophe by Springtime. That is, instead of known as the State of Israel. Eretz-Israel (the Land of Israel), was the We declare that, With effect from the move­ rationing pleasure travel, there will be a cut­ birthplace of the Jewish people. Here their off of supplies where people cannot get to ment of the termination of the Mandate, spiritual, religious and political identity was being tonight, the eve of Sabbath, the 6th work, where fuel for the fiber industry so shaped. Here they first attained to statehood, vital to textiles is drastically cut, where Iyar, 5708 (15th May, 1948), until the es­ created cultural values of national and uni­ tablishment of the elected, regular authori­ natural gas is unavailable and plants work versal significance and gave to the world the part-time. This is what you a.re observing ties of the State in accordance with the eternal Book of Books. Constitution which shall be adopted by the in the stock market. Investors see 2% drop After being forcibly exiled from their land, in real growth as a. result of the energy Elected Constituent Assembly not later than the people kept faith with it throughout the 1st October, 1948, the People's Coun­ shortage, which means a. drop of about 15 % their Dispersion and never ceased to pray in corporate profits-they get out of the cil shall act as a Provisional Council of State, and hope for their return to it and for the and its executive organ, the People's Admin­ market and invest in something else. restoration in it of their political freedom. The remedy ls decisive action. We can't istration, shall be the Provisional Govern­ dilly. We must spell it out clearly to the peo­ Impelled by this historic and traditional at­ ment of the Jewish State, to be called ple so they understand, not talk in a dozen tachment, Jews strove in every successive "Israel." tongues. We must head off a ca.strophe. Every generation to re-establish themselves in their The State of Israel wlll be open for Jew­ ish immigration and for the Ingathering of day we delay, we lose one million barrels ancient homeland. In recent decades they returned in their masses. Pioneers, ma'api­ the Exiles; it will foster the development that we could be gaining from rationing. A Zim [immigrants coming to Israel in defi­ of the country for the benefit of all its in­ delay of six months means 180 Inillion bar­ ance of restrictive regulations], and de­ habitants; it will be based on freedom, jus­ rels. We lost 61 million in October and No­ fenders, they ma.de deserts bloom, revived tice and peace as envisaged by the prophets vember, and this month we are losing another the Hebrew language, built villages and of Israel; it will ensure complete equality 31 million dillying. towns, and created a thriving community, of social and political rights to all its inhab­ controlling its own economy and culture, lov­ itants irrespective of religion, race, or sex; it ing peace but knowing how to defend itself, will guarantee freedom of religion, con­ bringing the blessings of progress to all the science, language, education and culture; it DAVID BEN-GURION country's inhabitants, and aspiring toward will safeguard the Holy Places of all religions; Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I join independent nationhood. and it will be fait hful to the principles of the people of Israel and the millions of In the year 5657 ( 1897) , at the summons of the Charter of the United Nations. December 2, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 39089 The State of Israel is prepared to cooperate news. We have been recording monthly, dent an unprecedented mandate and whose with the agencies and representatives of the weekly, dally crises for longer than we care disenchantment has now reached unpre­ United Nations in implementing the reso- to remember-foreign and domestic crises, cedented depths, could breathe a deep sigh 1ution of the General Assembly of the 29th military and political crises, economic, moral, and go about the business of restoring a November, 1947, and will take steps to bring and cultural crises. A headlined crises no measure of order and hope to their national about the econ omic union of the whole of longer generates alarm, or even profound affairs. Eretz-Israel. concern. Ho hum another crisis. . . . But the decision to resign ls, ultimately, the We appeal to the United Nations to assist But the crisis that grips America today ls Presiden t's alone to make, and the word from the Jewish people in the building-up of its of another, higher magnitude--one that the White House at this writing is that he will St at e and to receive the State of Israel into deserves, perhaps, a new term that has not not be moved (or removed). He has "no in­ t he comity of nations. been eroded by abuse. It swirls, of course, tention whatever of walking away from the We appeal-in the very midst of the on­ arou nd the person of the President of the job I was elected to do," he told the nation slau ght launched against us now for United States, but it impinges on every facet on November 7. months-to the Arab inhabitants of the State of the national life and character. We are con­ It is our judgment, and we believe it ls the of Israel to preserve peace and participate in fronted, suddenly and dramatically, with American people's judgment, that the job he the upbuilding of the State on the basis of fundamental questions about our national has done is enough. Until and unless the Pres­ full and equal citizenship and due represen­ community-questions that demand swift ident changes his mind about resigning, the tation in all its provisional and permanent and decisive answers. decision to resolve the crisis that grips the institutions. Are we prepared, after almost 200 years, to nation will be ours to make-for only by ex­ We extend our hand to all neighboring abandon our experiment--lntermlttently suc­ erting immense and unremitting pressure can States and their peoples in an offer of peace cessful but always hopeful-in enlightened we convince the Congress that it must dis­ and good neighborliness, and appeal to them self-government? Will we permit our highest charge its constitutional responsibility. Pub­ to establish bonds of cooperation and mu­ and most powerful office-an office whose lic opinion has already persuaded some legis­ tual help with the sovereign Jewish people occupant can literally decide the future and lators to abandon their customary vacillat­ settled in its own land. The State of Israel is even the survival of the n ation and the ing stance. Public opinion, forecfully applied, prepared to do its share in common effort for world-to remain in the hands of a man who can move the requisite number of Repre­ the advancement of the entire Middle East. has, in the words of the American Civil sentatives to embark on the process of im­ We appeal to the Jewish people through­ Liberties Union, "made one thing perfectly peachment. out the Diaspora to rally round the Jews of clear: He will function above the law when­ The first order of business confronting Eretz-Israel in the tasks of immigration and ever he can get away with it" ? Will we refrain Congress ls to fill the vacancy in the Vice upbuildlng and to stand by them in the great because of our timidity or sheer inertia, from Presidency. Mr. Nixon's designee, Represent­ struggle for the realization of the age-old availing ourselves of the remedies provided ative Gerald R. Ford of Michigan, would dream-the redemption of Israel. by the Constitution of the remedies pro­ hardly be our first (or thousandth) choice; Placing our trust in the Almighty, we af­ vided by the Constitution of the United he ls, in our view, unsuited intellectually fix our signatures to this proclamation at States for precisely such an emergency? an d politically to hold the nation's highest this session of the provisional Council O'f Three years remain in Richard M. Nixon's office. But given the choice-and it is the State, on the soil of the homeland, in the second Presidential term-time enough for choice we are given-between mediocrity city of Tel-Aviv, on this Sabbath Eve, the him to compound and render irreversible the (Mr. Ford) an d moral disgrace (Mr. Nixon), 5th day of Iyar, 5708 (14th May, 1948). catastrophic damage he has already done. we have no difficulty choosing the former. David Ben Gurlon, Daniel Auster, Mor­ It ls understandable that the President may America has muddled through with mediocre dekhai Bentov, Yuczhak Ben Zvi, Eli­ feel that if he can survive in office for those leadership before, but it cannot go on much yahu Berllgne, Fritz Bernstein, Rabbi three years, he will have achieved a measure longer with leadership that is morally bank­ Wolf Gold, Meir Grabovsky, Yltzchak of vindication. But his vindication will be rupt. Gruenbaum, Dr. Abraham Granovsky, our indictment and conviction. If we, the On ce a Vice President has been installed, Eliyahu Dobkin, Meir Wilner Kouvner. American people, knowing what we now the "engine of lmpeachment"-James Madi­ Zera.ch Wabrbafrlg, Herzl Va.rd!, Rachel know about this President and his Admin­ son's term-can be set in motion. It ls an Cohen, Rabbi Kalman Kahana, Saadla istration, permit him to serve out his term, engine that the leaders of the House and Kobashi, Rabbi Yltzchak Meir Levin, we will stand condemned in history for the Senate clearly would prefer not to start, but Meir David Loewenstein, Zvi Luria, grave offense of murdering the American it can be ignited by any member of the Golda Myerson, Na.chum Nir, Zvi Segal, dream. House of Representatives who chooses to Rabbi Yehuda. Leib. These pages go to press amidst a chorus of take the floor and declare: "Mr. Speaker, I Hacohen Fishman, David Zvi Plnkas, rise to a question of constitutional privi­ Abaron Zlsling, Moshe Kolodny, Elie­ demands for Mr. Nixon's resignation. The de­ mands emanate not only from Mr. Nixon's lege .... I impeach Richard M. Nixon, Presi­ zer Ka.plan, Abraham Katznelson, Fe­ iong-standlng critics-his "enemies," as he dent of the United States, for high crimes lix Rosenblueth, David Remez, Berl would doubtless style them-but from many and misdemeanors." Citing only the facts Repetur, Mordekhai Shattner, Ben who were, until recently, among his most that have already come to light, that have Zion Sternberg, Bekhor Shitreet, for the most part been verified, this member Moshe Shapira, Moshe Shertok. enthusiastic supporters. The editors of Time, in the first editorial of the magazine's fifty­ of the House can invite his colleagues to do year history-at lea.st the first so labeled­ their constitutional duty by considering the called on him to "give up the Presidency charges against the President in THE CASE FOR IMPEACHMENT rather than do further damage to the coun­ A Bn.L OF IMPEACHMENT Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, the try." The same suggestion has been advanced I. Richard M. Nixon, President of the by newspapers which, only a little more United States, through his personal acts and editors of the Progressive magazine have than a year ago, were unreservedly advocat­ those of his appointees and aides, has fos­ made a compelling case for the im­ ing his re-election and which, only months tered, tolerated, and attempted to conceal peachment of Mr. Nixon in the Decem­ ago, were minimizing the gravity of the the worst political scandals in this nation's ber 1973 issue of that great magazine. Watergate disclosures; by Republican polit­ history, thereby paralyzing the Government. I am more and more convinced that icians who fear, not without justification, inviting the contempt of the American peo­ public respect for constitutional govern­ that the President ls now an intolerable bur­ ple, and casting discredit on our country ment and the rule of law requires that den to their party; by businessmen who no and its leadership throughout the world. longer can vest their confidence in Mr. Nixon II. He ls and must be held accountable for the Congress carefully investigate and as the chosen instrument of corporate the crimes committed by many of his sub­ then judge the serious charges made prosperity. ordinates, for it ls his responsiblllty, as Madi­ against this incredible administration. Mr. Nixon would derive some obvious son observed, "to superintend their conduct We owe it to the public to clear the air benefits if he were to heed this advice and so as to check their excesses." If he was aware surrounding the network of scandals that relinquish his office. Unlike his recently de­ of their offenses, he ls criminally culpable; have come to be known as Watergate. parted Vice President, Spiro T. Agnew, he if he was unaware, he ls criminally inept. I ask unanimous consent that the would not have to couple his resignation III. He has attained and retained the high articles from the Progressive be printed with a gullty plea to any crime. Like Mr. office he now holds through the use of lllegal Agnew, he" could continue to proclaim his means, to wit: His agents have extracted at this point in the RECORD: innocence-and to denounce his "ene­ secret and unlawful campaign contributions There being no objection, the articles mies"-in perpetuity. He has always relished from various special interests in return for were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, the role of victim, and he could carry it to pledges of favorable government action in as follows: oblivion. their behalf; they have authorized and com­ [From Progressive magazine, December 1973] At the same time, the Congress woUld be missioned snoopers and second-story men, spared from exercising a. responsibility which A CALL TO ACTION styled "plumbers," to burglarize and spy on it clearly does not welcome-the respon­ his political opponents, in violation of the Crisis. The word ha.s been overworked by sibility of impeaching the President of the common criminal statutes; they have hired all of us, ard partlcUlarly by those engaged United States. And the American people, the saboteurs to employ various "dirty tricks" to in reporting, analyzing, and interpreting the people who only a year ago gave the Prest- disrupt a political campaign. 39090 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 2, 1973 IV. He has attempted to undermine, cir­ rity requirements or any other public pur­ HATFIELD) , the Senator from Kansas cumvent, or annul the guarantees of the Bill pose; he has taken advantage of every tax (Mr. PEARSON), the Senator from Illi­ of Rights-particularly the rights to privacy, loophole permitted by law-and some of freedom of speech, and freedom of the doubtful legality-to diminish his own tax nois (Mr. PERCY), the Senator from Ohio press-by: mounting an unprecedented cam­ obligations; he has entered into questionable

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS TAX DEDUCTIONS FOR ARTISTS could be taken by artists and authors Gorewitz observes, by way of illustra­ for contributions of their original works. tion, that the 1969 legislation resulted in This change in the tax law has resulted the loss to the Library of Congress of the HON. JOHN BRADEMAS in the sharp curtailment of contributions collected works of composer Igor of literary and artistic works to museums, Stravinsky, valued at $3.5 million. OF INDIANA libraries, and universities. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Rubin L. Gorewitz of New York Mr. Speaker, I insert at this point in the RECORD the text of this article: Friday, November 30, 1973 City, in an article in "Art in America," discusses the impact of this tax law ARTISTS/ IRS: A MODEST PROPOSAL Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, in 1969 change and compares three bills which (By Rubin L. Gorewitz) Congress passed legislation which ef­ have been introduced in the House to I n 1969 Congress passed legislation that fectively eliminated tax deductions which restore tax deductions for artists. Mr. has significantly affected artists and a.rt Decernber 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 39091 institutions throughout the country. Effec­ have ranked Van Gogh as a hobbyist, it seems ship schedules. It took a war to bring it back tive January 1, 1970, the Internal Revenue a reasonable way of separating the amateur to the front page. Code was amended so that artists, among from the professional. The problem, it seems, is that the world is others, could no longer deduct from their Both Mills' and Brademas' bills prohibit spinning too fast these days. Anything that income tax the full value of their own works any public officeholder from contributing isn't nailed down in our consciousness just when contributed to tax-exempt organiza- "any letter, memorandum or similar property flies away. Alvin Toffler dubbed the phenom­ tions. While gifts by collectors are still by or for an individual while he held an of­ enon future shock-"the dizzying disorien­ deductible at the fair market value of the fice under the government of the United tation" caused by accelerating change. work the artist who contributes his or her States or any state or political subdivision This then is the m ain problem: How do we work of art and deduct only the actual cost of thereof, if the writing, preparation or produc­ all assure that our critical energy problem the work-paint, canvas, etc. This change in tion of such property was related to, or arose isn 't shelved again? "My fear," says energy the tax law was highly discriminatory in that out of, the performance of the duties of such expert Dr. Bruce Netschert of the National it singled out one small group of taxpayers-­ office." This directly relates to one of the rea­ Economic Research Associates, "is that the artists. The resulting increase in tax sons the original law was changed in the first Arabs will lift the oil embargo soon and the revenues was extremely insignificant. place. Contributions m ade by President p u blic will forget the problem and go back The new law states that any individual Johnson to his library in Texas, and by Presi­ to normal. No one wants to face the fact that or business will benefit only to the extent dent Nixon to the National Archives in 1969, we are critically vulnerable on energy. I feel of the cost of the donat ion rather than, as afforded considerable tax relief for both the public will have to be forced to face before, the fair market sales price. The point, presidents-a quarter of a million dollars in the problem." however, is that costs of items differ sub­ President Nixon's case. We're trying to do our share of "forcing" stantially. An auto manufacturer, for in­ the issue. stance, may deduct all his costs, including labor, materials overhead, etc. A creative T HE GOAL Is SELF-SUFFICIENCY-IN SOME artist, however now may deduct only his A DANGER IN PEACE WAY S WE'LL BE BETTER OFF IF THE ENERGY out-of-pocket expenses, with no allowance C RISI S DOESN'T Go AWAY made for his own labor-since he can't pay A good m any thoughtful Americans are himself a taxable deductible salary. HON. J. J. PICKLE saying privately that they hope the Arabs At present a full value contribution is OF TEXAS don't let the U.S. o:ff the oil hook, at least not received after the artist's death, when his IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES soon. For if they ease up soon, then the U.S. heirs may deduct the sales price of the con­ p ublic m ay settle back and again luxuriate tributed object. Any saving the artist would Friday, November 30, 1973 in the illu sion of plentiful oil-until the next t ime the U.S. or its friends displease the have realized in his lifetime will be realized Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, in a time after his death. So Internal Revenue doesn't Arab world. actually receive more taxes, but merely of continual crisis, often only the front President Nixon says we can be self-suffi­ defers the dates when the tax benefit is page item gets enough attention for ac­ cient again by 1980. But achieving that goal received. If the artist were granted this bene­ tion. The energy crisis is a case in point. depends on many things. Such as American fit when alive, it would enable him to practice Two wise editorials in a recent Forbes willingness to spend at least $40 billion in his profession more fully with no adverse magazine trace the early warnings of tax money and business profits for research tax consequences to Internal Revenue. the crisis, the national distraction to and development. A willingness to pay con­ In order to encourage more contributions, other matters, and the explosion of the siderably higher prices to finance the hor­ the Tax Reform Act of 1969 increased allow­ energy issue into the front page slot be­ rendous cost s of coal gasification, drilling on able deductions from 30 percent to 50 per­ the continental shelf, and extracting oil from cent of the donor's adjusted gross income, a cause of war. shale and tar sand. It also depends on a clause which has no bearing on the artist's The editorials also worry about our spirit of compromise on ecology and pollu­ particular situation. Since it is the worth­ fate should we neglect to get our energy tion. while intent of the government to encourage house in order before the next crisis The dreadful alternative is a more lop­ contributions to tax-exempt foundations, it knocks on the door and steals the thun­ sided dependence on Arab oil. is perhaps an oversight for Congress to have der. It is a worry I share. It took a long time for the U.S. to become introduced a tax provision that discourages I would like to reprint these editorials dependent. Getting self-sufficient won't be those made by artists. Stravinsky, for in­ at this time. easy, cheap or fast. But it will be one of the stance, put his own manuscripts on the smartest things this nation has ever done. market, though he had intended to give them The editorials follow: How did we get into this fix? It's a long to the Library of Congress. The $3.5-million OIL Is NOT WELL story. collection, if given to the Library, would have A little over two years ago Forbes (Aug. The Federal Government, way back in 1954, been deductible only to the value of paper 1, 1971) foresaw many of the energy and raw slapped on rock-bottom price limits on nat­ and ink. materials shortages that are making head­ ural gas which assured low utility rates and At present there are three tax bills pending lines today. The article, sharply written by runaway demand, while discouraging explor­ in the House Ways and Means Committee, all Senior Editor James Cook, didn't say that the ation for fresh supplies. Then, as oil became intended to ease this situation. The most Arabs would precipitate a. major crisis by harder to find at home, domestic drilling liberal (H.R. 2151) has been introduced by shutting off the oil. But it did say that this skidded to a 21-year low in 1971. Congressman Ogden Reid (D-N.Y.); it rein­ could happen. "The hand on the oil pump," At the saine time, the Government re­ states the old law without removing any of we warned, "can be the hand that strangles tarded experimentation on synthetic fuels­ the inequities. The most conservative, intro­ our economy." such as gas from coal, oil from shale and duced by Congressman Wilbur Mills (D-Ark.), We weren't the only ones to see what was electricity from sunlight. The sparse research is H.R. 3152; it would allow a deduction of coming. The press and the dinner-speaker dollars went toward the long-term solution only 50 percent of the art work's fair market circuits were full of &Uch warnings. of nuclear power. Russell Train, who is ad­ value and then only if the recipient of the What happened after that, after the clar­ minist rat or of the Environmental Protection contribution submits a written statement ion call had been sounded and the public Agency, recalls: "Time and again I tried to that "the donated property represents mate­ a.roused? Well, nothing happened. Nothing convince the Budget Bureau that R&D dol­ rial of historical or artistic significance, and happened because the next week and the lars were vital for coal gasification and so the use by the donee will be related to the next month there were other alarms. The on. Time and again, they said: 'Forget it, purpose or function constituting the basis environmental crisis and the economic crisis the cost benefit isn't good.' " for its exemption." and the war crisis and the drug crisis. We As this indicates, our Government hasn't The compromise version (R.R. 6764), sub­ tossed and turned and worried about a lot had a cohesive energy policy. It still doesn't. mitted by Congressman John Brademas (D­ of things other than energy. In 1971 we wor­ The oil industry deserves plenty of blame. Ind.), attempts to eliminate the inequities of ried about airline hijacking, the Pentagon Most of it was mesmerized by that cheap the previous law. Basically, the bill allows the papers, President Nixon's Phase I price Middle Eastern oil. "Be nice to the Arabs," it artist to deduct 75 percent of the fair market freeze and the first dollar devaluation. pleaded. But how nice? To the point of al­ value of the contribution only if the artist's We spent 1972 preoccupied with the min­ lowing Arab armies to sweep over a weakened gross income from the sale of his works is ing of Haiphong harbor, the sinking dollar, Israel? And who was to be certain that a rea­ equal to the amount contributed. For ex­ our polluted environment and Watergat e. sonable man like King Faisal might not one ample, if an artist has a gross income of Some of us worried about Nixon staying in day be replaced by a wild man like Colonel $10,000 from the sale of his art works, he may power, but a majority of us shuddered at Q a. daffi? then contribute up to $10,000 in art works. the thought of a President McGovern. Oil expert M. A. Adelman claims that the The Brademas bill, like the Mills bill, also And this year has been devoted to more mult inational oil companies have become requires a written statement from the recipi­ Watergate and political scandal, leading up tax collectors for the Mideast producing na­ ent. The Brademas bill, however, prohibits to the resignation of the Vice President. tions. contributions by hobbyists--people who do What happened to the energy crisis from The point is that the Arabs have every not earn any income as artists, but who make 1971 to the day King Faisal turned o:ff the oil right to use their economic power. But re­ deductions on their tax return for contrib­ faucet? It landed in the back of your news­ member, their interests and ours will not al• uted works. Despite the fact that this would paper, near the corset ads and the steam- ways coincide. 39092 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 2, 19 73 At the same time, most majors also turned ing in action are still alive in the heart.8 My deepest sympathy is extended to their backs on the potential of high-priced of many. Let us constantly remind our­ but domestic-made synthetic fuels. In all, Tom's gracious wife, Mary· and to their the oil industry devotes a measly 0.07% of its selves of this fact, and let all make a two children and their families. Tom $80 billion in sales to R&D-that's all R&D­ dedicated commitment to ourselves and Pelly's illustrious life will certainly serve plus only 2 % to worldwide exploration and to the American people we represent, that as a source of family pride for future drilling. we will do all in our power to find our generations. What's more, 23 of the largest oil com• missing men and hopefully help to obtain In the midst of sadness on this day, one panies own 10% of our coal reserves and 50% a speedy reunion with their loved ones. ray of joy does penetrate through: That of our uranium-some of the very resources On Sunday, November 4, 1973, the city that could be converted to clean energy. the memory of Tom Pelly, the man and Chris Welles, author of a. controversial of Quincy, Mass., dedicated a tree in his countless accomplishments, will be book on oil shale, says: "For years the oil in· honor of Air Force Capt. Charles Bifolchi an inspiration to those of us who knew dustry has retarded oil shale experimentation of Quincy who is missing in action in him. for fear that an independent and competitive Southeast Asia. This type of a memorial --=-<:::=-~ energy industry would spring up and under­ is, I believe, a fitting reminder of what cut the conventional oil business." freed om is, for as a tree struggles to WHY SOME PRICES SHOULD RISE The oil companies' response is rather lame. grow, so does freedom. If a tree does not In effect, they want profit guarantees before struggle, it will die. So, too, will freedom. they'll search for oil at home. They a.re on So let us remind ourselves that, while HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT solider ground when they blame some of the OF CALIFORNIA shortage on politicians and overzealous en­ we are all concerned with the problems vironmentalists. which we perceive as being more im­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Now we have a name for it: the energy mediate, the struggle of our men missing Friday, November 30, 1973 crisis. Actually, it has been with us all along. in action to achieve their freedom still It will remain a crisis as long as the U.S. continues. Such a struggle is no less im­ Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, earlier is dependent on outside sources for some­ mediate than some of the other problems this week I submitted an article from the thing as vital as energy fuels. we are currently facing, for the struggle Wall Street Journal for the Members' to be free lies at the very heart of our attention entitled "Rationing is Irra­ national heritage. If such a struggle is tional." Today, I am continuing my ef­ forgotten, we will lose all that we have. forts to convince my colleagues that the POW'S-DON'T LET THEM BE only solution to encouraging the produc­ FORGOTI'EN tion of the vital commodities that are in short supply in our domestic economy THE LATE HONORABLE TOM PELLY is to repeal the so-called Economic Sta­ HON. JAMES A. BURKE bilization Act, and allow the free enter­ OF MASSACHUSETTS prise system to work. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. SPARK M. MATSUNAGA No doubt one of the most critical short­ OF HAWAll ages we have encountered is in our sup­ Friday, November 30, 1973 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ply of fuel. In an article which appea,red Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. Thursday, November 29, 1973 in the November 19, 1973, issue of News­ Speaker, in recent months the American week, Dr. Milton Friedman, a leading people have had to cope with many con­ Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, I wish monetarist, support.8 the only rational fusing and chaotic problems and event.8. to join in this tribute today to the mem­ approach to the fuel crisis. Many Americans have become disillu­ ory of Thomas M. Pelly, whose passing The most effective way to cut consump­ sioned with the leadership of our country. has left me shocked and saddened. He tion and encourage production is simply to The war in the Middle East has damp­ was a respected colleague and a dear let the prices of oil products rise to what­ ened our vision of universal freedom for friend. He brought to the Congress long ever level it takes to clear the market. The all mankind. And now, we as Americans, cherished principles of unfaltering integ­ higher prices would give each of the 210 are facing what may be the crisis of our rity and an uncanny ability to judge million residents of the U.S. a. direct in­ which issues would be of importance to centive to economize on oil, to find substi­ lives-the critical need to conserve and tutes for oil, to increase the supply of oil. protect our precious natural resources. future generations. Tom Pelly was in­ These issues have been the forefront of strumental in shaping legislation within Mr. Speaker, today I met with local public attention in past months, and the areas of conservation, maritime, and officials from three suburban Los Angeles rightfully so-but as a result many fisheries. I often relied on his astute cities-Burbank, Glendale, and Pas­ equally important issues have been "side analysis of measures in these and other adena. These officials have been advised tracked" and ignored by many. areas. by their current suppliers that they will I would now like to take this oppor­ Prior to retirement last year, he served no longer be furnished with low-sulfur tunity to bring to the attention of my as the ranking minority member of the fuel oil after this year. This residual colleagues once again the all too often Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation Sub­ fuel is used to operate the powerplants ignored plight of our men still missing in committee of the Merchant Marine and for these cities. It is clear to me that the Southeast Asia. Many Americans have Fisheries Committee. He was recognized controls have not encouraged the produc­ forgotten that there are still 1,200 men as an authority on the work of the Sci­ tion of fuel, and allocations will not re­ missing in action in Southeast Asiar-men ence and Astronautics Committee. sult in increased production. Production who served with bravery and distinction As Tom's colleague for over a decade, incentive is rooted in a free market when called upon by their country-men I at times found him in amiable dis­ economy. who now seem to have been forgotten. agreement with me on how best to ap­ I urge my colleagues to carefully study This greatly disturbs me. The war, for proach some of the critical problems fac­ Dr. Friedman's following article with these men, and for their families and ing our Nation. But I always had great the hope that we can unite now to re­ loved ones, still continues day in and day admiration for the depth of his integrity peal ESA, and allow the free market out. Imagine, if you can, what it must be and I knew that his views were formu· forces to bring us back to being a land like living each day while still not know­ lated only after careful study and delib­ of plenty: ing what has happened to one's brother, eration. WHY SOME PRICES SHOULD RISE son, or husband. Imagine the torment of Before co~ing to this Chamber, Tom (by Milton Friedman) trying to resolve things in one's own mind served as president of the chamber of "When the price of a thing goes up," wrote while not knowing what has happened to commerce in Seattle and as a director of the British economist Edwin Cannan, in a loved one--and the disillusionment of both a local bank and an insurance com­ 1915, "a good many people ... abuse, not trying to accept the fact that one may pany. In spare moments he managed to the buyers nor the persons who might never really ever know. take a leading role in many civic orga­ produce it and do not do so, but the persons These are disturbing thought-s­ nizations. Tom had always chosen the who are producing and selling it, and there­ thoughts that many would probably role of leadership for the good of his by keeping down its price . . . It certainly rather hide and forget. But the fact re­ community, and later in his congres- would appear to be an extraordinary ex­ mains, the men who served our country sional career employed his leadership for ample of the proverbial ingratitude of man in Southeast Asia and who are still miss- the good of this Nation. when he abuses the farmer who does grow December 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS · 39093 wheat because other farmers do not . . . to the price system is compulsion and the called a subscriber fee. Now, if that cable But have we not all heard the preacher abuse use of force. system has a pay-TV channel, then obviously his congregation because it is so small?" It is a mark of how f,a.r we have gone on the you pay an additional fee every month for This ancient article, from which I have road to serfdom that governmental allocation the pay-TV services that are offered. ta.ken my title, has been brought to mind and rationing of oil is the automatic re­ RARICK. Well, I understand that both pay­ by the oil crisis. sponse to the oil crisis. This will not prevent TV and cable are requesting changes in the Time and again, I have castigated the oil higher prices, which will in fact do the job-­ FCC regulations. Concerning the program­ companies for their hypocrisy, for loudly but you may be sure that the rationing au­ ming, can you point out what some of these proclaiming their allegiance to free enter­ thorities will take the credit. changes are? prise yet simultaneously undermining free SUMMERS. Yes, without getting too com­ enterprise by seeking and getting special plex, there are FCC rules at the present time governmental privilege (percentage deple­ RARICK REPORTS TO HIS PEOPLE: which restrict the programs that can be tion, prorationing of oil, import quotas, AN INTERVIEW WITH JOHN SUM­ carried by pay-TV or by over-the-air etc.). Yet we shall only hurt ourselves if we MERS, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION pay-TV. One restriction is on sports pro­ let resentment at their past misdeeds inter­ OF BROADCASTERS grams and another is on movies, feature fere with our adopting the most effective way films. Now, the cable people, without going to meet the present problem. into those complex rules, want to either VOLUNTARY COOPERATION relax or do way with those restrictions all HON. JOHN R. RARICK together, so that they could in effect, bring The current oil crisis has not been pro­ OF LOUISIANA to the public for a fee, the same programs, duced by the oil comi,::mies. It is a result of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sports or films, that the public now sees for governmental mismanagement exacerbated free over free TV. by the Mideast war. The price of natural gas Friday, November 30, 1973 RARICK. If the FCC agrees to these changes, a.t the wellhead has been held down for what effect would they have on the present years by government edict. Since Aug. 15, Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, in a re­ cently televised interview, I discussed pay commercial TV? 1971, the price of retail gasoline and of fuel SUMMERS. It would have a great effect oil has been held down by the successive TV with Mr. John Summers, counsel for upon free TV, because it simply wouldn't phases. The result has been to encourage con­ the National Association of Broadcasters. have the product to offer to the public, and sumption and discourage both current pro­ I insert the text of that interview at this of course, in the long run, the real effect duction and the expansion of capacity. It point: would be on the public itself. I think a good took the Mideast war to bring these evil You'VE A RIGHT To KNow: NOVEMBER 7, 1973, illustration would be the World Series. At effects of price-fixing to a. boil. PAY-TV, AN INTERVIEW WITH MR. SUMMERS the present time, pay-TV could not show If all Mideast oil is shut off, we shall have Congressman RARICK. Pay television, a the World Series unless it had not been to do without some 10 per cent of our present shown on free television for the past two oil supplies. That is no tragedy. It means broadcast entertainment system whereby in­ dividual TV programs are paid for by the years. Assuming that that rule did not exist, going back to the rate of consumption of the pay-TV people would be free to bid 1970 or 1971-when no one thought we had viewer watching them, has generated some degree of controversy among TV broadcasters against the networks for the rights to the a catastrophic shortage of fuel. World Series. Now, those rights presently The most effective way to cut consumption and here in Congress. It's been the subject of several congressional hearings and numer­ cost about 10 million dollars; that's what the and encourage production is simply to let the networks pay for the rights to bring the prices of oil products rise to whatever level it ous legislative proposals, as well as many Federal Communications Commission pro­ public the World Series via free television. takes to clear the ma.rket. The higher prices There are about 8 million homes today would give each of the 210 million residents ceedings. We'll discuss pay-TV today, along with free TV, cable TV, to determine how hooked up to cable systems in this country. of the U.S. a. direct incentive to economize Now, if the pay-TV people could get just on oil, to find subst itutes for oil, to increase they relate to you as a television viewer, be­ cause you've a right to know. two or three million of those homes to pay the supply of oil. for the World Series, say at five dollars for How much will the price have to rise? No With me on the program today is John Summers, Counsel for the National Associa­ the whole World Series, then they would one can tell. But if consumption must be cut have enough money right there to outbid by 10 percent, it is hard to believe the price tion of Broadcasters. Its members represent commercial television and radio stations the networks for the World Series, and would have to rise by more than, say, double therefore, the World Series would then be that percentage. A 20 per cent rise in oil and across our country. Mr. Summers, the NAB has been running full page newspaper ads taken off free television and would be avail­ gasoline prices would not be nice--but con­ able only for a fee on pay-TV. sider the alternative. lately about pay TV. To begin with, I think we might get some definitions straight. What RARICK. I think many Americans find them­ CHANCE, FAVORITISM, BRIBERY? is the difference between over-the-air TV, selves facing the same situation that I occa­ The only alternative is exhortation backed cable TV, and pay-TV? sionally do. We have one day free on a week­ by compulsion: artificially low prices accom­ Mr. SUMMERS. Well, Congressman, at the end. I found myself last weekend here in panied by governmental rationing. This risk of oversimplification, I would say first Washington with a Sunday to myself, and method induces each of us to oppose the gen­ that over-the-air TV is the TV that the public with eleven television stations in the District eral interest rather than to further it. Our is well familiar with. The television station of Columbia area, I couldn't find one station separate incentive is to wangle as much as we transmits a signal over the air, and it's re­ that had one program on the entire weekend can from the rationing authorities. And they ceived by the home antenna and brings a pic­ that I felt was entertaining. In other words, can have only the crudest criteria to know ture into your living room. Cable TV is a dis­ the broadcasters want to tell me what they how to distribute the limited supplies. They tribution system for retransmitted signals feel is entertaining, but they very often have have no way to know whose "need" is genu­ which uses wire connections to the home. In no appeal to me as a specific listener. ine and whose is artificial-even if we put to other words, the cable system picks a signal Wouldn't pay-TV then give the viewer addi­ one side, as experience warns us we cannot, off the air and then distributes it by wire to tional freedom of choice, to secure his own special influence, corruption and bribery. various homes that subscribe to the cable entertainment? Two hundred and ten million persons each television system. Now, pay-TV is more of a SUMMERS. Yes, I think it would. And I think with a separate incentive to economize; or service. It can be distributed by various I should explain that the National Associa­ 210 million persons dragooned by men with means. Two means may be used today. One tion of Broadcasters has no objection to pay­ guns to cut down their use of oil-can there is the over-the-air method using a scrambled TV itself. If pay-TV can offer the viewer be any doubt which is the better system? over-the-air transmission which is received something which is not available on free tele­ But, you will say, rationing by price hurts by the home TV set via special equipment in vision, some minority taste program such as the poor relative to the rich. What of the the home. The other method is to simply ballet, opera, broadway, or what-have-you, poor man with his old jalopy as the only way take one of the cable television systems then we have no objection to pay-TV at all. to get to work? The answer is straightfor­ channels and distribute the pay-TV program What we object to is the capacity of pay-TV ward. If high oil prices impose special prob­ on that channel. Now, I think that the threat t6 siphon off, if I may use that term, to siphon lems on some, let us provide funds to miti­ of pay-TV that we're concerned about is the off from free television those programs that gate their problem. Let us not impose com­ threat using existing cable television sys­ the public now sees on free television. pulsion and waste on 95 per cent to avoid tems. RARICK. Let me say this, last weekend, if special measures for 5 per cent. RARICK. Then, under both pay and cable I h ad eleven television channels I was pay­ Note that what is called for is higher TV, the individual subscriber, the man with ing for, I would have cancelled my subscrip­ prices for oil products relative to other the TV set, would still have to pay in order tion. I think many times that the people products-not general inflation. Only some to receive his programs, is that correct? responsible for national TV programming prices should rise. SUMMERS. That's right; he would. don't realize if they don't deliver programs The oil problem offers a particularly clear RARICK. They are almost the same thing, that keep the people's interest (rather than illustration of how the price system promotes aren't they? the officials at the FCC) then people lose all both freedom and efficiency, how it enables SUMMERS. Well cable and pay-TV are the interest in television as a medium of enter­ millions of us to cooperate voluntarily with same thing in some cases, but not in all. In tainment . one another in our common interest. It other words, if you subscribe to a cable TV SUMMERS. That's right, and if I could in­ brings out equally why the only alternative system, you pay a fee every month, which is terject something, that's why we are so con- 39094 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 2, 1973 cerned a.bout this Issue, because I think it's move from free TV those popular programs, Second, it is absolutely necessary for been illustrated that the type of programming sports and movies, that people now see with­ the Cost-of-Living Council to quickly which has the most appeal for the public is out charge on free TV? sports and movies. And we're afraid that the RARICK. It would also depend a great deal amend its price controls regulations on pay-TV people will not be concarned about what special legislation Congress gives them petrochemicals. I have previously called the minority interest type programming you or the regulation FCC would see flt to ex­ on the Council to take action with re­ just mentioned t h at you might be in t erested tend to pay-TV then. spect to other matters and have not been in on a particular weekned. We're afraid SUMMERS. That's right. We would hope that pleased with their responses; neverthe­ that they will go after what we call the at some point Congress would step in and less, I am calling on the Council again, "mass appeal" programming, the sports and determine just what form pay-TV is going this time to respond quickly to what is the movies that people now see for free. to take in this country. becoming a serious situation. RARICK. But of course, people could turn RARICK. Well, we thank you very much, Mr. to pay-TV for the, as you say, non-mass­ John Summers, Counsel for the National As­ I fully realize that an embargo carries entertainment type programming and then sociation o! Broa.dasters, !or being our guest with it problems for the exporters of the still go back to news and sports on the free today. country, but in my view the need to keep TV, could they not? The point I'm trying plants and businesses open and the need to make ls, if pay-TV doesn't deliver a serv­ to avoid job cutbacks and layoffs is para­ ice, it Isn't going to get people to pay for EMBARGO OF EXPORTS OF mount. With regard to the question of the the programming. country's balance of trade, I quote from SUMMERS. I think that's true. PETROCHEMICALS RARICK. So they will almost have to come a letter written to me by Martin Stone, up with a programming appeal that wlll who is chairman of the board of Mono­ reach the midstream of American people. HON. JEROME R. WALDIE gram Industries in Los Angeles: SUMMERS. Well, I would hate to see them OF CALIFORNIA It ls particularly shortsighted to applaud come up with that sort of programming at the improvement in our balance of trade the expense of the public which now sees, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES brought about by rapidly inereasing sales o! the sports and movies for free, and have Friday, November 30, 1973 chemicals when at the same time American pay-TV outbid the networks and stations plants are being shut down and deprived of for that programming and end up with a. Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, I want to the opportunity to export not the chemicals situation where the public has to pay for bring to the attention of the Members themselves but the final end product which what it now sees for free. of the House, as well as to the Ameri­ would carry a much higher ultimate dollar RARICK. Well, if the public doesn't like can people in general, the severe short­ value. what it sees for free, it's really not free. It's ages many American businessmen are Mr. Speaker, I would hope that the costing the public because they have lost a now experiencing with certain raw ma­ valuable tool of entertainment and relaxa­ Secretary of Commerce can act speedily. tion. As I say, I may be d11ferent from a lot terials, particularly petrochemicals and I would hope that the Cost-of-Living of people. I travel too much and am too busy, other byproducts of crude oil. Council will reexamine and revise their but when I do have a rare chance to watch Of course the recent Arab oil black­ price guidelines with regard to petro­ TV I may not be able to find even one pro­ mail effort has added to the problem. But chemicals immediately. I know that the gram that is entertaining. We hear com­ even before the recent Arab-Israel con­ gears of the Government grind slowly, plaints from consumer groups about "com­ flict began in early October, shortages but it seems to me that we are playing mercial clutter" on television. Would we also were being experienced in almost every have this commercial clutter end "public the game under much di:ff erent rules service spots" on pay-TV? aspect of industry where petrochemicals than we were even 2 short months ago. SUMMERS. At the present time, the Com­ are a substantial ingredient of produc­ The times now call for quick and defini­ mission's rules do not allow commercials on tion. tive action, for a willingness to abandon pay-TV programs that cable systems carry. Why has this happened? In the first time consuming procedures, and for RARICK. They are prohibited then? place, production of petrochemicals and speedy resolution of problems. I would SUMMERS. They're prohibited at this time. other oil byproducts has for several hope that these two agencies can meet But I don't think we have any assurance that years lagged far behind consumption; in the future there will not be commercials this challenge. on pay-TV programs, and I say this because or, to put it another way, we are de­ Finally, I would urge the Congress to if the cable pay-TV people a.re able to siphon manding and using much more petro­ give speedy approval to a bill, H.R. 11410, ofl' the most popular programs, the sports and chemicals than we are producing. Not introduced by my colleague from Con­ the movies, and you suddenly have a market only has this reduced existing stockpiles necticut, Congressman SARASIN, which in terms of households viewing these pro­ and led to shortages, but it has caused would require the Secretary to place an gralllS-\Say of eight or ten million people-­ prices to skyrocket. embargo on petrochemicals immediately. then I just don't think the advertisers are Coming on the heels of shortages and going to allow that kind of audience to sit higher prices have been price controls in­ there without trying to sell something to them. stituted by the Cost-of-Living Council. RARICK. What a.bout public service an­ This, in turn, has led to further short­ STATUTORY SPECIAL PROSECU­ nouncements? We're seeing more and more ages as producers understandably prefer TOR-AN EXECUTIVE APPOINTEE here, especially areas on commercial TV. to sell their goods overseas, where price SUMMERS. I would not assume that there controls do not apply. Further, the need would be public service announcements on for the United States to better its bal­ HON. HAMILTON FISH, JR. pay-TV programs at all. ance-of-trade status in the world eco­ RARICK. Of course commercial television ls nomic community has strengthened the OF NEW YORK required to carry a certain amount of this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES public service time. This rule comes from the desire to continue to export as many FCC, so we can't really say that it would not goods as possible. Friday, November 30, 1973 be imposed on pay-TV in the future could However, Mr. Speaker, I believe it is Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, very soon we? now time-it may be too late for some the House is expected to consider leg­ SUMMERS. No, I guess we couldn't. I American workers already-to rethink islation to establish by statute an Office wouldn't anticipate that they would carry our position with regard to permitting of Special Prosecutor for the Watergate­ public service announcements, but you never exportation of petrochemicals to con­ can be sure when you have a regulated in­ related cases. Like most Members of dustry~ tinue while prices are frozen at their Congress, I keenly felt the trauma our RARICK. You've indicated that pay-TV ls present levels. Nation experienced following the sum­ already in existence in some size in the In my view, at least two steps must be mary removal of Special Prosecutor United States. Do you feel that there is taken immediately: Archibald Cox. There is no question but definitely a possibility of a growing pay-TV First, it is absolutely necessary for the that public confidence in the Special network system in the United States today? Secretary of Commerce to use whatever Prosecutor's ability to conduct a thor­ SUMMERS. Oh, I think so. I think we'll have authority he has under the Export Ad­ some form of pay-TV for some time to come. ough and impartial inquiry will be en­ I think the question ls, what sort of program­ ministration Act to place an embargo on hanced by the Congress creating a stat­ ming will that pay-TV system offer? Will it all petrochemicals and oil byproducts. I utory office. offer the public something different, some- have written to the Secretary and asked Essential to the credibility and in~ thing innovative, something that they can't him to do so and would hope that he tegrity of the Watergate investigations see now on free over-the-air television? Or will cut through the usual redtape sur­ are the powers granted to the Special will it simply duplicate and eventually re- rounding an embargo procedure. Prosecutor. He must have the ability to December 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 39095 pursue evidence wherever it may lead Solomon, 216 F. Supp. 835 (1963) as au­ more effective and safe drugs to fight and to have made available to him the thority for judge-appointed prosecutors. disease." documents and records he requires. Es­ But this is a misreading of the scope of It is ironic, Mr. Speaker, that Dr. sential, too, is that the Special Prosecu­ Solomon. That case concerned the va­ Dripps, who devoted his life to medical tor have the maximum degree of inde­ lidity of a Federal statute authorizing a science and gave so much of himself in pendence that the Congress can legally temporary appointment of an U.S. at­ the recent past to the selfless cause of ob­ prescribe. Without a guarantee against torney by the chief judge of a U.S. dis­ taining for Americans "the medicines summary dismissal, the American people trict court, where a vacancy occurs by we need-but do not have," died sud­ will not have confidence in his investiga­ reason of death or resignation. But un­ denly at age 61 on October 30 of heart tion. like H.R. 11401, the U.S. attorney soap­ disease. I cannot help but wonder The House, like the Senate, is divided pointed remained a member of the ex­ whether his life might have been saved over whether the Prosecutor should be ecutive branch, subject to the direction by a drug that was not there in his hour an Executive or a Judicial appointee. of the Attorney General and subject to of need. It is my hope that others on the H.R. 11401, reported out by the House replacement and removal by the Presi­ Dripps committee will carry on this good Judiciary Committee, directs the U.S. dent at any time. work. District Court for the District of Colum­ Mr. Speaker, as in many constitutional I include the Reader's Digest article bia, to appoint a panel of three District issues, there are arguments on both by Walter Ross at this point in the judges and empowers the panel to both sides. Clearly, however, if we go the route RECORD: select the Special Prosecutor and have of court-appointed Special Prosecutor, THE MEDICINES WE NEED-BUT CAN'T HAVE sole power over his removal. The Dennis we run the risk that the justice we all (NoTE.--Over the past ten years, a medical substitute vests in the Attorney General seek may be frustrated. The damage to crisis has developed that affects the lives and appointment of the Special Prosecutor our society if this should occur should health of all Americans. The crisis stems from and circumscribes the conditions for re­ give pause to all Members of the House. the lack in this country of new prescription moval. The powers granted the Special The Dennis substitute offers a legal medications - medications widely used means of achieving the needed statutory abroad-to treat our most threatening dis­ Prosecutor are identical in both meas­ eases. It involves delays of many years in the ures. Likewise, both the committee bill independence and powers in the office of introduction of new medical discoveries, as and the substitute create a statutory of­ Special Prosecutor that the Ame1ican well as a recent sharp decline in the discovery fice for a term of 3 years. people seek. and testing of new and needed drugs. Mr. Speaker, along with many col­ (What follows is the first detailed report in leagues, I originally favored placing the a national magazine describing this mount­ office in the cuurts, but the drafting of ing emergency, which a number of medical legislation has raised serious constitu­ THE DRUG LAG authorities refer to as the "drug lag.") tional issues. Prosecutorial functions (By Walter Ross) have traditionally been in the Executive A 33-year-old American woman who had and placing the office outside the Execu­ HON. FRED B. ROONEY suffered crippling allergic asthma attacks for tive involves the risk of invalidating in­ OF PENNSYLVANIA 15 years found nearly total relief recently IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES through a British prescription medicine dictments should the legislation later be called cromolyn sodium. Although available adjudged unconstitutional. Having a Friday, November 30, 1973 in Brtain (where it is the third most widely court empowered to both appoint and fire Mr. ROONEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. prescribed remedy) since 1969, and under the prosecutor would appear to violate Speaker, as a member of the Committee study in the United States since 1966, the fundamental due process. For these rea­ on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, I medicine could not be legally prescribed for sons, I support the Dennis substitute. this patient by her doctor. Since only this The constitutional issue is whether or read with deep concern an article in the medicine helped the woman, her doctor (like not the prosecutorial functions can October issue of the Reader's Digest many other U.S. doctors) bro~e the law by validly be placed outside the Executive. which suggests our country is facing a asking friends who traveled abroad to ''mounting emergency" in the timely de­ smuggle back a supply. Ths benevolent, but The enforcement and prosecution of the velopment and introduction of new medi­ illegal, traffic stopped only in late June 1973, laws is an executive function. The Su­ cal discoveries. when the U.S. Food and Drug Administration preme Court has consistently ruled that finally approved cromolyn sodium. We were prosecution of offenses against the Unit­ "The Medicines We Need-But Don't the 55th country in the world to do so. ed States is solely an executive function, Have," written by Walter Ross, makes a At least seven new medications for asthma stemming from the power vested in the disturbing case that our citizens are have been introduced in Europe since 1962. President by article II, section 3 of the being deprived, for years in some in­ Some are effective in some patients, others in Constitution. Ponzi v. Fessenden, 258 stances, of safe and effective drugs that other patients. By mid-1973, only two--now are being widely and successfully used including cromolyn sodium-could be pre­ U.S. 254 (1922); Springer v. Phillipine scribed in this country. Islands, 277 U.S. 189 (1928). What is be­ in advanced countries abroad. The fundamental cause, the Digest For people suffering from high blood pres­ ing proposed in H.R. 11401 has no prec­ sure and the painful heart ailment called edent in the Federal judicial system article asserts, is that this country's regu­ angina, a new kind of drug has come into and would appear to violate the principle latory agency, the Food and Drug Admin­ use in recent years. Known as a "beta­ of separation of powers. istration, has taken "the seedling" of the blocker," it blocks the damaging effects on H.R. 11401 places in the courts the drug effectiveness amendment that we in the heart of adrenaline and a related sub­ power of removal of an Executive offi­ Congress enacted in 1962 and "cultivated stance, lowering blood pressure and relieving cer. This cor.Jlicts with the intent of it into a mighty bw·eaucratic tree that angina. An elderly Rochester, N.Y., woman sprouts regulations and paperwork in all was recently treated successfully in Great Myers v. United States, 272 U.S. 52 Britain with a beta-blocker called practolol. <1926). Myers is a landmark case in con­ seasons." She could not get it here. The only beta­ stitutional law, which recognizes the This thought-provoking article tells of blocker available in America-propanolol­ principle that a President has the sole recent efforts by a group of distinguished made her 111. power to remove purely Executive of­ American medical scientists led by Dr. This is only one example of the lack of ficers. The rationale of this case is the Robert Dripps of the University of new heart drugs in this country. From 1967 President's right to control subordinates Pennsylvania to sound the alarm about through 1971, ten medications to treat irreg­ responsible for carrying out his obliga­ this disturbing drug lag. I understand ular heartbeat (arrhythmia) came on the Dr. Dripps and his asso.ciates have re­ market in Europe; by mid-1973, only one had tion to faithfully execute the laws. By made it safely to our shores. In all, we have placing the appointment power in the peatedly expressed their concern to our only about six of the 47 new heart and cir­ Attorney General rather than in the own distinguished colleague, the gentle­ culatory remedies that were introduced President, the Dennis substitute per­ man from Florida, chairman of our Sub­ abroad between 1967 and 1971. mits the Congress to severely restrict the committee on Public Health and Envi­ A powerful drug (guanoxan) which re­ possibility of remova~ of the prosecutor. ronment (Mr. ROGERS). I am reassured duces blood pressure-but also causes liver This approach is consistent with the that our colleague is contemplating hear­ dysfunction in a great many patients-has U.S. Perkins, been in use in England since 1964. Many Myers decision and with v. ings "to examine," as he put it in the British doctors feel the medication is worth 116 U.S. 483 (1886). Digest article, "ways of safeguarding the risk of liver problems in patients who Proponents of H.R. 11401 cite U.S. v. the public while permitting delivery of do not respond to other treatment, because 39096 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 2, 1973 these side effects can be reversed, whereas m.anufacture what became known as "Elixir even to the human testing stage, much less the effects of high blood pressure (hyperten­ of Sulfa.nila.mide," a solvent, ethylene glycol, to the marketplace. It seems hardly likely sion) are not reversible and can be catas­ was used Without prior tests for toxicity. that aspirin could pass muster under present trophic. In the United States, tests of this Ethylene glycol was a poison, and the Elixir rules, since under certain circumstances it drug had to be suspended when the FDA killed nearly 100 people. causes birth defects in rats and other ani­ warned the manufacturer that it was too As a result of this outrage, Congress passed mals. And if penicillin were being tested to­ dangerous. a law in 1938 demanding proof of safety-a day it would not pass its animal trials-­ Although hypertension affects an esti­ giant step forward in drug regulaton-be­ with consecutive injections during a few days mated 23 million Americans, we have not fore manufacturers could market new medi­ every guinea pig and hamster in which it is had a single new general-purpose anti-hy­ cines. injected dies---a.nd thus penicillin probably pertension medicine in this country since The next major change in U.S. drug laws could not be tested in people. Says Dr. War­ 1963. From 1967 through 1971, five such drugs did not come until 1962, after the infamous dell: "If even one drug of penicillin's stature came into European medical practice. thalidomide incident. During the late 1950s, has been unjustifiably banished to a com­ Sounding the Alarm. A great many Ameri­ this new sedative was considered so free of pany's back shelf, that event will have can doctors are unaware of the drug lag. side effects that it was sold in Germany with­ harmed more people than all the toxicity However, in 1972, 22 leading medical ex­ out prescription. But when an American that has occurred in the history of modern perts--headed by anesthesiologist Dr. Rob­ company submitted a New Drug Applica­ drug development." ert D. Dripps and including such renowned tion (NDA) for thalidomide, a medical officer Another result of the drug lag is the specialists as heart surgeon Michael De­ at the FDA, Dr. Frances Kelsey, noted Ger­ sharp decline in the discovery and testing of Bakey, cardiologist Irvine H. Page and phar­ man reports of nerve inflammation in peo­ new and needed drugs. In the ten yea.rs be­ macologist Louis Lasagna-compared notes ple who had taken thalidomide for a long fore the 1962 regulations, the U.S. pharma­ and became alarmed at the extent of the time. Dr. Kelsey says she wondered what ceutical industry produced and marketed an crisis. In a petition to Congressman Paul might happen to the fetus of a pregnant average of 43 new medicines a year. Between G. Rogers (D., Fla.), they complained: "The mother taking thalidomide. Since there were 1962 and 1970, this figure dropped to 17. In procedures by which new drugs are evaluated no answers available, she held up the ap­ the la.st five years, the average has fallen to and approved for use in this country are plication. 13. And even while they produce fewer mar­ causing us to fall behind in this important Birth defects began showing up among ketable drugs, American drug manufacturers area of medical science. The system per­ the children of European women who had have been spending more and more money on petuates a continuing decline in the num­ taken thalidomide (the drug was also avail­ research and development-up from $212 ber of new drugs entering the market and able by prescription in England), but it was million in 1960 to $728 million la.st year. Be­ may be depriving the practicing physician of several yea.rs before the defects were con­ fore 1962, a drug could be tested and mar­ agents beneficial to patient care." nected with the medication. Eventually, over keted in a.bout two yea.rs, at a cost of $1 to Examples of the drug lag that so pro­ 5000 deformed babies were traced to thalido­ $2 million. Today the process takes an aver­ voked the doctors abound. Consider just mide in Germany; nearly 400 in England. In age of seven years, and may cost as much as a few: this country, although the drug was widely $11 million. A study conducted by Dr. William M. War­ distributed for testing, only 18 such cases The Choice to Be Ma.de. These are the di­ dell, a professor at the University of Roch­ have been found by the FDA. mensions of our expanding drug-clearance ester, of the 82 new medicines adopted in Dr. Kelsey was hailed as a heroine who problem. What is the solution? both Britain and the United States between had singlehandedly prevented a drug disaster For a crisis as many-faceted as this, there 1962 and 1971 found that more than halt in the United States. Nevertheless, the close­ is no clear, simple answer. Several large medi­ were introduced first in Britain-an average ness of tragedy sent a collective chill down cine manufacturers refuse to speak on the of 2.8 years before the FDA permitted them American spines. With rare unanimity, Con­ record, for fear of FDA reprisals. But one in­ to be sold here. Dr. Wardell also turned up gress passed a tough new law requiring-for dustry leader, Dr. Gerald D. Laubach, presi­ nearly 80 medications approved for prescrip­ the first time anywhere-that a new drug be dent of Pfizer, Inc., has said, "To increase tion in Great Brita.in during that time, not proved both safe and effective before it is the flow of new medications, we should shift one of which had made it into the United licensed. some of the FDA's emphasis to surveillance States, including several drugs that British Bureaucratic Tree. Sounds wonderfnl. But of new drugs in the first years after approval. physicians rate better than anything cur­ the fact is that no medicine can be proved This would better protect the public, and rently available here. safe for people by testing it in animals. And would give people the benefits of research In 1968, doctors in Italy began using a there is no way of knowing whether or not a progress as it occurs." powerful new antibiotic, called rifampin, to medicine will cure a human disease with­ Says Dr. Lasagna, "You need only a small treat patients with tuberculosis. It was not out giving it to a human being. So, in order amount of good clinical work to establish until 1971-after 50 other countries had to enforce an absolute demand with rela­ that a drug is effective and reasonably safe. adopted the drug-that rifampin became tive means, the FDA took the seedling of the It takes a lot of work, however, to pinpoint available in the United States. It is impos­ '62 law and cultivatc.d it into a mighty bu­ safety and efficacy with precision. It seems sible to estimate what the delay meant for reaucratic tree that sprouts regulations and wasteful to spend years getting more data the 119,000 American TB victims under treat­ paperwork in all sea.sons. In 1948, for exam­ just so that people can have a spurious sense ment during this time, or for the 17,000 who ple, Parke, Davis & Co. was able to get a of confidence." died of TB. But, according to many papers license for its Benylin Expectorant with a The FDA told me that "there are no ex­ presented before the American Lung Associa­ mere 73 pages of facts. In 1968, the same com­ amples of truly important new drugs being tion, the drug has been proved effective in pany's application for the anesthetic Ke­ delayed in this country solely because of patients whose TB is resistant to other anti­ ta.lar required a truck to haul its 72,200 pages, over-regulation or bureaucratic red tape." biotics. bound into 167 volumes, to the FDA. But individual FDA people apparently dis­ An especially promising, very long-acting To achieve the mountain of fact on Keta.­ agree. Dr. Henry Simmons, former head of injectable form of tranquilizer (fluphenazine lar, the company had to test it for almost the agency's Bureau of Drugs, said not long deca.noate) was developed by an American seven years: first in animals; then in healthy ago, "We can keep adding more and more re­ company several years ago to treat schiz­ people; finally in sick patients-and then quirements, which a.re justified scientifically. ophrenia, a mental illness which fills half the wait another two years after the application but we may reach the time when the goose beds in U.S. mental hospitals. Introduced in was filed, before having it approved. Today, just has no more golden eggs." England in 1969 it "revolutionized the com­ an NDA takes an average of 27.5 months to C. Joseph Stetler, president of the Pharma­ munity care of schizophrenia.," according to pass through the FDA. Before 1962, it took ceutical Manufacturers Association, is cer­ Dr. w. Linford Rees, professor of psychiatry about six-months. (To clear Ketalar in Brit­ tain that "the American regulatory maze at the University of London. A study showed ain required only 857 pages and some four tends to hinder needed new medications from that only five percent of patients treated with months.) reaching patients; defenders of the system this drug relapsed as opposed to 45 percent There are three main differences between tend to understate lost patient benefits and treated by other methods. It was not made our system of drug clearance and those of overstate the 'safety' achieved through de­ available to U.S. schizophrenics until 1973. the other countries which demand proof of lay." His solutions are administrative: ab­ Collective Chill. Modern drugs-90 per­ safety and efficacy. We are later in starting breviated NDAs, effective use of advisory cent of them discovered between 1935 and clinical testing of new drugs, for regulatory panels, upgrading of Bureau of Drugs per­ 1965-have revolutionized the practice of and industrial reasons. We demand longer sonnel, hopefully to bring new drug ap­ medicine, and added at least ten years to the periods of investtgation--often yea.rs longer­ provals "within the approximate time re­ average life expectancy in developed coun­ a.nd in thousands more patients. These time quired in other medically sophisticated coun­ tries, according to Sir Derrick Dunlop, former differences, together with our 27.5-month tries." chairman of the British Ministry of Health's clearance tilne, account for the lag between Opinions also vary widely on Capitol Hill. Committee on the Safety of Drugs. But even the introduction of new drugs overseas and Sen. Gaylord Nelson (D., Wis.) thinks that as science began unleashing these thera­ in the United States. They add several million present laws are inadequate "to protect the peutic wonders, the potential for harm dollars to the cost of each new drug-a cost American people against poorly tested, un­ mounted. In 1937, a U.S. pharmaceutical passed on to consumers. safe, ineffective, improperly used, monopol­ company decided to put sulfa.nilamide, a new Experts conclude that under today's regu­ istica.lly priced drugs"; he has introduced an and useful weapon against strep and other lations a number of our most important cur­ 83-page bill to strengthen government regu­ infectious organisms, into syrup form. To rent medications would never have made it lation. On the other hand, Rep. Paul G. Rog- December 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 39097 ers (D., Fla.), who heads a subcommittee increase to the revival of juvenile gangs in blacks and whites in a corridor at Pontiac charged with overseeing the FDA, says, "Dur­ some cities and the persistence of racial Central High School in Pontiac, Mich. Five ing the past year we have received numerous tension. pupils-four of them white-were wounded complaints about new drugs failing to reach An Associated Press survey indicated the in a burst of pistol shots. A 16-yea.r-old black the marketplace. We believe that hearings scope of the problem: youth later surrendered to police. probably will have to be held to examine There have been 60 gun episodes in Los An­ In New York, Chicago and Los Angeles, of­ ways of safeguarding the public while per­ geles schools since September. Shots from a ficials said juvenile gang feuds led to several mitting delivery of more effective and safe passing car killed a 16-yea.r-old student nea.r school shootouts. drugs to fight disease." Locke IDgh School. The car sped into the Last fall's homecoming parade at Jefferson Sir Derrick Dunlop told me, "It is doubt­ school parking lot a.nd three students were IDgh School in Los Angeles ended in a bar­ ful whether rigid laws can suitably be ap­ later arrested. rage of gunfire that wounded five pupils. The plied to the licensing of medicines, since Fifteen handguns were confiscated last year shooting erupted after three cars loaded each one represents an individual problem in Atlanta. schools. A 12-year-old boy, angered with members of a gang, the Acey Deuceys, to be treated by common sense." Americans when schoolmates chided him for disobeying arrived at the school. Two of those wounded have long been noted for common sense. Isn't a traffic signal, got a pistol from home and belonged to a rival gang, the Crips. Police it time we applied this trait in the area of opened fire on the school playground. He hit said the other victims were bystanders. medicines-and admitted that in seeking to no one. How did the shooting affect other pupils? be "totally safe" from drugs we have in fact Four high school students, three of them "Students that a.re never in any hassles weakened our defenses against disease? girls, were expelled last month in San Fran­ are saying they are going to start carrying cisco for carrying guns. guns," said Jefferson's student body presi­ School officials in Topeka, Kan., took a gun dent, Keith Kertindall. "You don't know who from a girl who said she needed it for pro­ to trust." tection. THE CASE FOR THE SAFE SCHOOLS There were 15 school gun cases in Detroit The following article reprinted from ACT-ill and four in Seattle during the last year. Since the April 26, 1973, issue of the Los An­ September, 15 incidents have been reported geles Times gives more evidence of the in New York and 15 in Kansas City. growing incidence of serious violent HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM "We have a problem and it iS increasing," crime occurring in the Los Angeles pub­ OF NEW YORK said Everett Copeland, security manager for lic schools. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Kansas City schools. "Kids carry guns for different reasons. Some say they have been FOUR YOUTHS ARRESTED IN SCHOOL SHOOTING Friday, November 30, 1973 threatened. Some involve extortion attempts. OF 15-YEAR-OLD GIRL Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, the Some kids just say it's a status symbol." (By William Hazlett) The problem has escalated so rapidly that Juvenile gang activity, a continuing cam­ homecoming parade this year at Los national statlstlcs are lacking. A few schools pus problem, was blamed Wednesday for the Angeles City's Jefferson High School now keep records on gun incidents, but com­ shooting of a 15-year-old girl on the lawn ended with a shootout in which five stu­ parative figures from past yea.rs do not eXist. at Dominguez High School in Compton. dents including the homecoming prin­ The International Assn. of School Security Police said the victim, Robin Sessam, was cess, were wounded. In addition, Los An­ Directors last year began pushing for uniform wounded in the neck by a bullet fired from geles officials confiscated guns from 40 reporting procedures that would include such a passing car. She was reported in satisfac­ students during 1 recent month. Between figures. tory condition after emergency treatment at September and December of 1972 the "There is no question about the increase." Dominguez Valley Hospital. said James Kelly, who directs school security Det. Kay Barger said four youths were Los Angeles County high school system seminars for the International Assn. of Chiefs arrested in connection with the shooting reported 83 cases of weapons possession. of Police. "There a.re thousands of cheap that occurred about 1 :55 p.m. Tuesday on The Los Angeles Unified School District guns on the streets. The kids pick them up the campus at 15302 San Jose Ave. reported 299 cases of weapons possession with ease. Th-ese kids have definitely moved The suspects, Richard Dean Triplett, 18, during the same period. In November, out of the zip-gun stage." whose address along with the victim's was 1972 a Los Angeles high school student School administrators and security officers withheld in fear of retaliation, and his three was shot and killed while on the school have responded to the problem in several juvenile companions were booked on sus­ ways. picion of assault With intent to commit mur­ grounds. Officials in Atlanta are convinced the only In January 1973, an 18-year-old was der, the detective said. real solution is to persuade students they do Police said a .25-caliber automatic is be~ studying quietly in his high school's study not need guns. "We try to sell the idea that lieved to have fired the shot. hall in St. Louis when an intruder de­ one does not need to come to school armed," manded that he give up his new black said Asst. Supt. Ed Cook Jr. TEACHER HURT IN ASSA ULT leather coat. When the youth hesitated, Many school districts have doubled or In another school incident, a 14-year old tripled the size of their guard forces. At some student at Henry Clay Junior High, 12226 S. he was shot to death. Los Angeles schools, only one entrance is Western Ave., was arrested and turned over In Fort Lauderdale, a teacher died last opened and a security officer is stationed to juvenile authorities after an assault on year as a result of a gunshot wound in­ there. Guards at some New York schools make a substitute teacher. flicted by a former student. occasional "pat-down" searches to see if pu­ Sheriff's Capt. Ken Hays said the diminu­ There were 16 shooting incidents in pils are carrying weapons. tive youngster was taken into custody about Kansas City schools between September The rash of gun episodes has sharpened the 11 a.m. Wednesday after he reportedly at­ 1972 and April 1973. Everett Copeland, debate over whether school guards should be tacked Hugh Bruce Epton, 26, with his fists. security manager for the Kansas City armed. Officials in Baltimore recently vetoed Four classmates pulled the boy off the the request of guards that they be allowed to teacher, who suffered numerous cuts and schools has said: carry guns. In New York, school guards do bruises, Hays said. Kids carry guns for different reasons. Some not carry guns but in Chicago three-quarters School authorities said the two incidents say they have been threatened, some involve of the schools now have armed guards. are typical of a growing number of assaults extortion attempts. Some kids just say its School officials agreed the situation they and violent attacks on both students and a status symbol. face reflects the bigger problem of guns in faculty at city and county schools. society. In the fiscal period from July 1, 1972, Last February, Terry Aryan of the As­ You have kids who see guns at home, who through Feb. 28, 1973, the latest compila­ sociated Press described the surge of see people carrying guns all the time, and tion available, Los Angeles city schools re­ students carrying and using guns in and those kids are going to carry guns too, said ported 95 student assaults on teachers and around public schools in the following Van Turner, deputy administrator for school 183 student attacks on other students. article: safety in New York. Reported, but not recorded, were two re­ [From the Los Angeles Times, Feb. 4, 1973] Security guards in Baltimore recently took cent incidents at Henry Clay Junior High in­ a loaded rifle from a girl's locker, but such volving an attack by a parent on a teacher MORE AND MORE STUDENTS TAKING GUNS INTO incidents are rare. Most of the guns seen in which resulted in the teacher suffering a THE NATION'S CLASSROOMS schools are short-barreled 22 caliber pistols broken jaw, and an attack by a parent on (By Terry Aryan) that cost $10 to $20, the "Saturday night the registrar. Public school officials in cities across the specials" police have said play a major role In Los Angeles County, preliminary figures country report a surge in cases of students in big-city violence. Importation of such for the first three months of 1973 indicate carrying and using guns in classrooms, cor­ weapons was restricted by the 1968 Gun Con­ a slight decrease in violent incidents, ac­ ridors and school yards during the last year. trol Act, but attempts to regulate domestic cording to Supt. of Schools Richard M. Most incidents occur at inner-city high production failed last year in Congress. Clowes. schools. The weapons are usually cheap, Racial incidents have triggered gunfire at "Of course, this is an interim report and small-caliber hand guns, the so-called "Sat­ many schools. we can't say it represents any solid trend urday night specials." Officials relate the A scuffle broke out in November between at this point," Clowes cautioned. CXIX--2462-Part 30 39098 · EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 2, 1973 "Part of the decline might be related to a a good assessment of how the energy consumption lie not in cutting back tourist tightening of the guidelines or reporting crisis will affect the travel industry, and travel, out in more efficient utilization of procedures." I submit it to the RECORD for the in­ automobiles for local travel in the home The widespread appearance and use formation of my colleagues: environs. WHAT IS TOURISM? of guns and incidents of serious crime in STATEMENT OF WILLIAM D. TOOHEY In this discussion, a tourist is defined as our Nation's public schools is staggering. Mr. Chairman and Members of the Com­ one who travels :fifty miles or more one way, On November 1, Albert Shanker, presi­ mittee: Discover America Travel Organiza­ by any form of transport, from one's home dent of the United Federation of Teach­ tions, Inc., (DATO) is the national organiza­ environs for any purpose whether for busi­ ers, said that "local school districts have tion of the travel industry. DATO's member­ nes:,, health, recreation, or any other per­ failed to provide minimum protection ship is drawn from about 600 individual or­ sonal reason except commuting to and from for staff and students under their juris­ ganizat ions, firms, and other agencies con­ work. This is the de::!inition used by the Na­ cerned with the development and promo­ tional Tourism Resources Review Commis­ diction." He also said that security has tion of tourism within the United St htes and become a bigger issue in his union than sion in its 500,000-world report, "Destina­ by foreign residents to our nation. tion U.S.A.", which was submitted to the salaries and classroom size. Included in our membership are 62 state President and Congress on Ju.ie 25 of this Shanker said: governments and territorial travel promotion year. The Tourism Commission, we are aware, A safe environment must be provided in and development offices, 45 transportation associations and individual companies, 49 emanated from the Committee on Interstate every school if teaching and learning a.re and Foreign Commerce as a result of an to take place and 1! the physical well-being :firms and associations dealing with the lodg­ ing and food service industry, 100 regional, amendment to the International Travel Act of pupils and school personnel a.re to be of 1961 approved Oct»ber 21, 1970 (Public protected. metropolitan and local travel promotion or­ ganizations, over 100 travel attractions and Law 91-477, 9lst Congress, H.R. 14685). The The Safe Schools Act--H.R. 2650- sightseeing firms, together with about 250 economic data in the report establishes au­ which I introduced in January, would other :firms and organizations cooperating in thoritatively the total scope of tourism in travel development and in information about the United btates and evaluates its economic provide the public schools of this coun­ impact. The report establishes the fact that try with the assistance that they need and in the promotion of tourism. Our purpose in this statement is to estab­ tourism in the United States is a huge enter­ in establishing effective security systems. lish in definitive terms the scope and im­ prise providing the livelihood for millions of portance of tourism in America's economy people. It is a vital part of our American life and to suggest ways that the jobs of mil­ style. A Bureau of Census study indicated lions of Americans who are dependent on that someone in nearly two out of three DISCOVER AMERICA TRAVEL tourism can be protected without impairing households in the United States took at least ORGANIZATION efforts to reduce energy consumption. Frank­ one trip during 1972. ly, we are concerned that employment related $61 BILLION ENTERPRISE-4 MILLION JOBS to tourism may be overlooked in legislative Two tables summarize the Commission's deliberations. We note, for example, that the analysis: HON. W. S. (BILL) STUCKEY ban on Sunday gasoline sales will affect busi­ Table 1 shows estimated tourist expendi­ OF GEORGIA nesses serving tourists almost exclusively. tures in the United States, including that of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES S. 2598, as passed by the Senate, refers to foreign visitors, in 1960/ 61, 1970 and 1980 by the need for restrictions against the use of Friday, November 30, 1973 expenditure item and tourist category. In fuel or energy for "nonessential uses such current dollars tourism expenditures are es­ Mr. STUCKEY. Mr. Speaker, the fol­ as ... recreational activities." These examples timated to have grown from $23 billion in lowing statement was submitted by Wil­ suggest that tourism and recreation are per­ 1960/ 61 to $50 billion in 1970, an increase of ceived by some to be of relatively little con­ 116 percent. In 1980, expenditures were pro­ liam D. Toohey, president of Discover sequence in our economy. We will submit to jected by the Commission to reach a level of America Travel Organizations, the data. that will serve to correct that impres­ $127 blllion, an increase of 155 percent over House Committee on Interstate and For­ sion. In addition, we will provide perspective 1970. The 1980 projection does not reflect an eign Commerce in connection with the on patterns of fuel consumption that, we energy shortage in the 1970's: the dimensions National Emergency Petroleum Act. I believe, will indicate clearly that opportuni­ of today's crisis could not have been antic­ think Mr. Toohey's statement represents ties for significant reductions in motor fuel ipated when the estimates were made.

TABLE !.-ESTIMATED TOURISM EXPENDITURES ANO PERCENTAGE GROWTH IN EXPENDITURES BY EXPENDITURE ITEM ANO TOURIST CATf.GORY, 1960-61, 1970, 1980 (In millions of current and constant 1970 dollars)

Percent increase Constant (1970) dollars Current dollars Co nstant (1970) dollars Current dollars 1960-61 1970 1980 1960-61 1970 1980 1960- 70 1970-SO 1960-70 1970-80

Expenditure item: Food ______4,854 7, 536 14, 708 3,331 7, 536 21, 851 55 95 126 190 Lodging ____ - -• ------••• 5, 381 8, 635 17, 777 3, 602 8, 635 27, 119 60 106 140 214 Public transportation ______4, 039 7, 469 15, 302 3, 161 7, 469 19, 800 85 105 136 165 Recreation ••• _- - ---___------•• 731 1, 271 2, 835 506 l , 271 4,216 74 123 151 232 Other incidentals ______3,440 5, 269 10, 097 2, 428 5, 269 13, 386 53 92 117 154 Owned vacation home ______398 718 1, 524 268 718 2,308 80 112 168 221 Gas, oil, tolls ______3, 009 4, 535 7, 099 2,577 4, 535 8,371 51 57 76 85 Other auto operating expenditures_ 3, 922 6, 691 11 , 366 2, 887 6, 691 15, 117 71 70 132 126 Auto purchase cost______4,623 7,604 13, 362 4, 219 7,604 14, 716 64 76 80 94 Total. ___. ------30, 397 49, 729 94, 068 22, 980 49, 729 126, 884 64 89 116 155 Tourist category: Households. ______------______18, 463 31, 266 61 , 905 14, 162 31, 266 83, 302 69 98 121 166 Businesses. ______------____ 10, 674 16, 301 27, 231 7, 946 16, 301 36, 375 53 67 105 123 Foreign visitors ______1, 261 2, 162 4, 933 873 2, 162 7, 208 71 128 148 233

Total. •• ------30, 397 49, 729 94, 068 22, 980 49, 729 126, 884 64 89 116 155

Source: National Tourism Resources Review Comm ission.

EMPLOYMENT ATTRmUTABLE TO TOURISM 1 IN Indirectly employed ------1, 115 Petroleum refining and related in- THE U.S.A., 1970 Agriculture, forestry and :fishing ___ _ 45 dustries------22 (Industry employment in thousands) 45 Rubber and plastic products ______48 Mining------Leather and leather products ______Construction ------17 24 All Industries ------3, 456 Food and tobacco ______Lumber and food products ______7 Directly employed ------2 , 841 70 Furniture and :fixtures______Textile mill, apparel and fabricated 1 Food service ------620 Stone, clay and glass products ______11 Lodging------771 textile products ------157 Primary metal industries ______19 Public transportation ------331 Paper and allied products ______24 Fabricated metal products ______21 Recreation ------76 Printing, publishing and allied in- Other incidentals ------160 Machinery ------­ 41 Owned vacation homes______6 dustries------28 Transportation equipment ------­ 19 2 Automobile operations ------395 Chemicals and allied products ______43 Motor vehicles ------10 December 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 39099 Miscellaneous manufacturing ------18 trips would have an adverse effect on many non-interstate highways. A reduced alloca­ Transport.:t1on ------96 of these jobs. tion of fuel to stations in population centers Communications ------27 Potential for reductions in fuel consump­ to effect a higher allocation of fuel to the Electric, gas and sanitary services__ 16 tion is more than three times greater when interstate system could be expected to stimu­ Trade------82 passenger cars are used for local travel, in­ late compliance with car-pool and mass Finance, insurance and real estate__ 49 cluding commuting to and from work under transit programs. Other services ------175 fifty miles, than when use is for trips over 2. Fuel Tax. In our judgment , a. higher tax fifty miles for tourism. on fuels would not represent a ser ious con­ 1 Does not include automobile purchases, Reductions in fuel consumption that a.re straint to most of those who would desire to but only spending on current account by realized from car pools, greater use of mass drive fifty or more mlles outside his home tourists and the supplying industries. transit, and other conservation measures, environs. The Tourism Commlssion showed a 2 Does not include auto purchase cost. should have minimal adverse effect on jobs in direct correlation between tourism and in­ SouacE.-Report of Nation.al Tourism Re­ local industries and businesses. come; most of the traveling public could sources Review Commission. MOTOR FUEL 1 CONSUMED IN THE U.S.A. afford to pay the tax. In this limited sense, therefore, we could support the fuel tax ap­ The main point is that tourism in total is BY USE, 1972, VEHICLE TYPE, GALLONS CONSUMED proach. However, we recognize that such a big business, although it is, in fact, com­ tax would be a burden on people with low prised of a large variety of small and large Millions of gallons All motor vehicles______income who must drive for subsistence, and establishments. The Commission stated that, 105,062 that means of relief would be cumbersome " ... of all retail activities, tourism would Trucks and combinations ______30,718 or delayed, or both. For this reason, we do be second only to grocery sales if it could be Passenger vehicles ______74,344 not encourage a fuel tax approach if another classified as a single retail activity". 2 881 Buses ------­ satisfactory approach could be employed to Table 2 shows the employment generated 73, 463 attain overall objectives. d.irectly and indirectly by such expenditures Cars~' ------To and from work trips ______23,044 3. Fuel Rationing. A straightforward ra­ in 1970-a total of 3.5 million jobs, of which Other trips under 50 miles ______32,959 tioning program without allowance for long Trips over 50 miles ______2.3 million serve the tourist directly and 1.1 17,460 distance travel requirements could, we feel, milllon a.re in industries supplying the tour­ have serious etrects on the economy and jeop­ ist industry. Many of the personnel serving 1 Includes gasoline and all other fuels un­ der state fuel laws. Excludes exports and fed­ ardize 4 million jobs associated with tour­ tourists are low-skilled and marginally re­ ism. We must assume that gas rations would employable which makes them particularly eral military purchases. 2 Includes school buses. be consumed by local driving and that out-of­ vulnerable to disruptions in the economy. It town driving would be drastically reduced. is important to realize that significant seg­ s Includes taxicabs and motorcycles. ' Consumption allocated on basis of De­ Out-of-town travel is essential if the eco­ ments of such apparently unrelated indus­ nomic contribution of the tourism indus­ tl'les as agriculture, mining and textiles a.re partment of Transportation's Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey, 1970; un­ try ls to be maintained. We suggest, there­ also dependent on a viable tourism indus­ fore, that a mechanism be built into any ra­ try. published tabulation ratios of mileage for business or personal use to total mileage; ra­ tioning program that would permit equitable It is important to note here that the treatment for long distance travel. We pro­ United States economy has changed radi­ tios of mileage on 50.0-99.9 .and on 100.0 miles or more trips to total miles traveled. pose specific consideration of a. plan whereby cally since World War II from work force rationing and a gas tax be combined. Local oriented to goods production to one oriented SOURCE: U.S. Federal Highway Administra­ travel requirements would be controlled by to providing services. One of the largest tion; Highway Statistics; Nationwide Per­ rationing. In addition, gasoline carrying high service industries in the United States today sonal Transportation Survey, 1970. tax would be available to satisfy long dis­ is tourism. tance travel needs or desires. A program with Applying the methodology of the Commis­ We feel these points are relevant to a pro­ posed imperative to the Administration. Sec­ these elements could be designed within over­ sion, it is estimated that tourism expendi­ all fuel reduction objectives, yet many jobs tures in 1972 were about $61 billion and in tion 208 of Senate Bill 2589, the National Emergency Act of 1973, states, "In carrying in tourist-serving industries would survive volved just under 4 million jobs. Further­ during the emergency period. more, tourism contributes to the economy out his responsibilities under this Act, the President shall take into consideration and In our consideration of the present situa­ by the earning of foreign exchange as a re­ tion, we have tried to be sensitive to the real­ sult of the expenditures of foreign visitors. shall minimize, to the fullest extent prac­ ticable, any adverse impact of actions taken ities with which Congress and the Adminis­ This is significant to our international Ba.l­ tration must deal. By giving due regard to ance of Payments position. pursuant to this Act upon employment. All agencies of government shall cooperate fully travel outside the home city, an industry A second important and highly authori­ comprised of 4 million people can be pro­ tative study, by the United States Travel under their existing statutory authority to Ininimize any such adverse impact." tected. Conversely, by concentrating efforts Data Center, the nonprofit, independent, na­ to have fuel on local travel, not only is the tional travel research organization, revealed APPROACHES TO THE PROBLEM gas shortage alleviated but environmental that weekend travel of 100 miles or more The issue at hand, as we see it, is how to goals might be achieved simultaneously. Car away from home generated nearly $11 billion attain the overall objective of reduced fuel pools make sense. Mass transit makes sense. in expenditures in 1972. The study was con­ consumption without causing serious disrup­ Design and implementation of programs to fined to that portion of the tourism industry tion of the economy. We recognize that facilitate a change in habits is a challenge to involved in travel of 100 miles or more which tourism must be disrupted by a fuel short­ our best minds, but certainly not beyond is compatible with the 1972 Bureau of Cen­ age; it already h been. Three approaches to their capability. Estimates produced by sus Transportation Study. solving the fuel shortage problem are dis­ others with special knowledge of mass transit Tourism, that is, travel more than 50 miles cussed below. system and car pool potentials indicate that from home, as defined by the National Tour­ 1. Voluntary conservation. The present a target of two billion barrels per day reduced ism Review Commission Report, involves policy of the Administration to solicit volun­ consumption can be substantially achieved every mode of transportation~a.r, bus, tary cooperation of the public in reducing by better utilization of passenger cars. plane and rail. However, a key point made by fuel consumption combined with restrictions The energy emergency is forcing difficult the Tourism Commission is that 86.1 percent on highway speed in conjunction with allo­ decisions not only for the Administration and of all trips away from home were made by cations of fuel to specific priority industries Congress, but also for the general public. To automobile. Trips by bus, rail and air are will, we hope, work. We believe that to at­ date, we would observe that voluntary public vital to tourism and their needs must be tain maximum effectiveness, a massive edu­ response to the Adininistration's requests for accommodated, but the real potential for cational program and greater use of modern cooperation has been impressive. Many spe­ fuel savings is centered around pas.senger techniques will be needed to modify the pub­ cific measures to restrict fuel consumption ca.rs. lic's attitude toward car-pooling and greater have become operative, ranging from lower FUEL AND JOBS use of mass transit systems. Such an effort speed liIIlits to more frequent engine tune­ Table 3 shows estimates of motor fuel con­ should result in efficient utilization of fuels ups to attention to proper tire inflation. Un­ sumption in the United States in 1972 by in urban areas. In rural areas, where tourism fortunately, none of these measures appear type of use. It will be seen that all motor may be a major economic factor, other mea~..; to be sufficient. In the future, it may be nec­ vehicles consumed 105 billion gallons of fuel ures may be needed. We propose that con­ essary, for example, to question such matters of which 73 .5 billion gallons were consumed sideration be given to allocation of fuels on as the relative priority of air pollution de­ by cars. However, trips by cars over fifty miles, a priority basis to service stations on or ad­ vices on automobiles versus savings of fuel that is, those made by tourists, consumed jacent to interstate highways. Not only through elimination or modification of such only 17.5 billion gallons. This represents 16.6 trucks and busses, but also the longer dis­ devices. Certainly such alternatives as ra­ percent of total consumption and only 23.8 tance traveler in passenger cars, could de­ tioning and gas taxes are difficult to accept of total passenger consumption. pend on a.n adequate supply of fuel. Many of in peacetime. From this data three points emerge: those businesses serving travelers away from Today we have emphasized the economic The 17 .5 billion gallons of fuel consumed home could survive the present crisis under benefits derived from long distance traveL on trips over fifty miles have a direct causal this plan, since our interstate network is so We do not advocate any single approach to relationship with the 4 million jobs created extensive that the traveler would likely be the energy emergency. We only subIIlit our by tourism. Cuts in fuel availability for such near his destination when he returned to urgent plea that the important nature of 39100 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 2, 1973 tourism be recognized and that the employees noted 1n remarks to United Press Interna­ caucuses and not through legislative action who serve tourists not be forgotten in what• tionaa. that "most investors rely on the ad· in the House as a whole. That, as you know, ever approach is adopted. vice of expert a.nalysis," and also would has been the practice in all matters relating Thank you for receiving this statement. we benefit. to the make-up of committees since 1911. are prepared to answer any questions or sub­ Therefore, we urge your support for the mit additional information with respect to resolution which Representative Burton will tourism to the Committee. CAUCUS PREROGATIVES ENDAN­ offer a.t tomorrow's caucus reaffirming GERED BY BUDGET CONTROL caucus prerogatives in this area. while estab­ BILL SECTION lishing a caucus policy that Appropriations and Ways & Means members be represented SOUND ACTION BY SEC ON CORPO­ on the Budget Committee. RATE TAX INFORMATION HON. DAVID R. OBEY We believe it would be a dangerous mis­ OF WISCONSIN take to override caucus prerogatives 1n matters relating to committee member­ HON. CHARLES A. VANIK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ships. Republicans have no business par­ OF OHIO Friday, November 30, 1973 ticipating in the selection process by which Democratic members are assigned to com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, I intend to mittee, and similarly, Democrats have no Friday, November 30, 1973 support the new budget control bill business mixing in the selection process. by scheduled for action early next week. which Republicans are assigned to Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, the Securi­ But Members of the House should be committees. ties and Exchange Commission is to be aware of the fact that one provision of During the debate on the Legislative commended for its recent action in re­ that bill which relates to the member­ Reorganization Act in 1970, some 30 members qwrmg corporations to disclose the ship on the Budget committee trespasses of both parties including many opponents source of significant Federal tax write­ of the seniority system opposed a floor offs as well as the reasons for paying less to a dangerous degree upon the preroga­ amendment specifying that commltte~ selec­ than the effective corporate income tax tives of both the Republican and Demo­ tion need not be on the basis of seniority on of 48 percent. cratic caucuses in the House. the grounds that that matter was clearly a Mr. Speaker, I support fully the pro­ caucus prerogative. Similarly, in 1971 many ' Last month, I submitted comments to vision in H.R. 7130 which provides for of Chairman McMillan's severest critics sup­ the SEC hearing record in support of the specific designation of Appropria­ ported him on a floor vote challenging his their proposed regulation. I am pleased tions and Ways and Means membership chairmanship again on grounds that a that they have completed this action on the new Budget committee and I will dangerous precedent would be set if the which will be of great assistance to in­ House over-rode caucus prerogatives in this vestors and to the Congress as it deals lead an effort in my own caucus to insure area. that the provisions in that bill become We believe it is essential to maintain with corPorate tax legislation. part of our caucus rules. But I feel in these important principles. I enter the RECORD at this point a strongly that that action should be taken Enclosed is a list of members who spoke brief article on the SEC action which ap­ only in each of the respective party cau­ in opposition to the seniority amendments in peared in the Washington Post of No­ cuses and not on the floor itself. 1970 and some of the floor statements made vember 28, 1973: The gentleman from Hawaii (Mr. by members and party leaders in opposition NEW SEC RULE REQUIRES MORE TAX MATSUNAGA) will offer an amendment to the McMillan effort. DISCLOSURE when the bill is under floor considera­ We strongly urge your support of the (By Jack Egan) tion to strike that portion of the bill. Burton amendment which will preserve Corporations in future financial state­ caucus prerogatives in the committee selec­ I intend to support that amendment tion process while still guaranteeing repre­ ments filed with the securities and Exchange and I hope a majority of members of Commission will have to publicly disclose sentation for Ways & Means and Appropria­ the source of significant federal ta.x writeoffs both parties will do likewise. Mr. Speaker, tions members on the new Budget Committee as well a.s the reasons for paying less than I am inserting in the RECORD at this point proposed in R.R. 7130. the effective corporate income tax rate on a letter sent to members of the Demo­ Sincerely, · their earnings. cratic caucus by seven members of the DAVE OBEY. The purpose of the expanded ta.x disclo­ Appropriations and Ways and Means ROBERT GIAIMO . sure requirements announced yesterday is to SAM GIBBONS. Committees who agreed with the provi­ FRANK EVANS. permit investors "to distinguish more easily sions of H.R. 7130 which relate to Budget between one-time and continuing tax ad­ SIDNEY YATES. vantages enjoyed. by a. company and to ap­ Committee membership, but suggest a HUGH CAREY. praise the significance of changing effective different procedure by which that same WILLIAM GREEN. tax rates," the SEC said. membership may be brought about. The SEC approved the new rules over the The letter itself refers to a resolution strong objections of corporations. In com­ by Representative BURTON of california MEMBERS WHO SPOKE IN OPPOSITION TO SE• ments when the rules were proposed, the NIORrrY AMENDMENTS TO THE LEGISLATIVE which he had intendetf to off er in the REORGANIZATION -ACT OF 1970, JULY 28, 1970 companies claimed. the information would be Democratic caucus. The amendment will valuable to business competitors but of little be offered on the floor, however, by Mr. DEMOCRATS use to individual investors. Albert, Bennett, Bingham, Boggs, Bolling, They also said the disclosures could lead MATSUNAGA of Hawaii. The arguments Celler, Dent, Dingell, Eckhardt. taxing authorities to question deductions and remain the same for both and I would Fraser, Hansen Hays, McCormack Moss, also would breach the confidentiality of their hope that in the interest of preserving Obey, Pucinski, Sisk, Vanik, Waldie. Internal Revenue Service returns. the independence of both caucuses it REPUBLICANS The SEC said the objections did not out­ would be adopted. weigh the public interest in requiring more Collier, Conable, Erlenborn, Gubser, I insert the text of the letter below: Harsha, Martin, Saylor, Smith of California, detailed tax disclosure. IMMEDIATE ATTENTION Among the items companies will have to Steiger of Arizona, Steiger of Wisconsin, report under the new rules are the ta.x effect DEAR COLLEAGUE: In the Democratic Wyatt. of plant and equipment depreciation, re­ Caucus tomorrow morning a number of ques­ FLOOR STATEMENTS OF MEMBERS OPPOSED TO search a.nd development expenses, warranty tions will evidently be raised about the new EFFORT TO DEPOSE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA cost s and other liabilities which a.re deferred. Budget Control bill (R.R. 7130). One of the CHAmMAN M'MILLAN BY HOUSE ACTION, FE'.B· over several years. provisions of that bill requires that members RUARY 4, 1971 Corporations also have to explain or of Appropriations and Ways & Means be Majority Leader Boggs: "We would be "reconcile" the difference between t he in­ assigned to the proposed new standing com­ establishing a precedent here that could be come tax they pa.id a.nd the amount com­ mittee on the Budget. carried to any length . . . If the Majority puted by multiplying pre-tax income by the We agree with the purpose of that pro­ Party voted unanimously, we could displace "applicable statutory federal income tax vision. Our service as members of the two any committee member or every committee rate." This would reveal the source and na­ committees involved has convinced us that member nominated by the minority." ture of major deductions. it is essential that Appropriations and Ways "And if a minority on the Democratic side The SEC said it recognized that the infor­ & Means be represented in the new Budget and a majority on the Republican side get mation would be used prlma.rily by profes­ Committee if that committee is to function together they could take over control of sional analysts who a.re trying to understand effectively on budget and ta.x policy ques­ the entire committee system in the House." the precise reasons for corporate results and tions. But, we strongly believe that such Minority Leader Ford: "The Democratic not by individual investors. representation should be achieved in the Caucus made a decision. Whether we on our But SEC commissioner A. A. Sommer Jr. traditional manner through the party side agree with or not, by precedent that is December 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 39101 a matter within the ranks and prerogatives SOLAR ENERGY: ANSWERS FOR ing the earth evaporates water from the of the Majority Party." TODAY AND POTENTIALS FOR oceans, lakes and rivers. The water vapor "We should not get into the procedures TOMORROW-PART forms clouds and eventually returns to the and prerogatives of the majority party ••• rv earth as rain or snow. The Democrats should (not) make decisions Green plants grow by a process known for use (and) we should not become involved as photosynthesis which utilizes the energy in ma.king decisions for the Democratic HON. CHARLES A. VANIK of sunlight. Since animals eat plant or each Party. OF OHIO other, life would be impossible without solar Mrs. Green of Oregon: "This kind of sug­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES energy. gestion has the greatest potential for mis­ But trees and plants use only about 1 % chief of anything in terms of two-party pro­ Friday, November 30, 1973 of the solar energy that falls on the ground. cedure that we can develop. Its long-term Mr. VANII{. Mr. Speaker, the adminis­ The other 99 % is reflected back into the significance transcends the specific selection atmosphere. of any single chairman. The procedural poli­ tration's energy pronouncements in re­ Some of that, the scientists say, must be cies in organizing the House must be main­ cent months have clearly been a disap­ put to work to meet the problem of giving tained or there is going to be absolute chaos. pointment. Perhaps the most disappoint­ mankind more energy while the storehouse Party responsibility will be destroyed and ing aspect of the President's program is of natural resources is being depleted. no one will know who to hold responsible its lack of commitment to energy re­ as far as the two parties a.re concerned for search and development. The President successes or failures. Let us look at the long­ has stated the need for this research, ra.nge implications of such a departure as but he has not given us a program or A FOURTH ENERGY MESSAGE is proposed." Mr. O'Hara of Michigan: "I happened to provided the necessary revenues. In be on the losing side ( on the McMillan vote short, he is hiding behind his own rhet­ HON. DONALD M. FRASER in caucus), and I am unhappy with the oric. result, but that does not make any differ­ The establishment of an energy re­ OF MINNESOTA ence with respect to the basic premise stated search and development trust fund is the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by the majority leader and the minority only responsible alternative for providing Friday, November 30, 1973 leader that ea.ch party should be free to make the revenues necessary for a massive its own decisions without hindrance from Federal effort in this area. I have sug­ Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, the Na­ the other." gested such an approach in H.R. 6194, tion has heard another Presidential Mr. Burton of California: "It is a. most energy message. An editorial in the No­ dangerous precedent ... to in effect give the the Energy Development and Supply Act minority caucus veto power over the ma­ of 1973. This trust fund will provide the vember 27 issue of the Minneapolis Tri­ jority caucus deliberations. It would estab­ vehicle for a thorough exploration of bune points out that the administration lish a precedent that could seriously and ad­ new, clean, dependable sources of energy. appears to be moving with events, rath­ versely affect the way the business of the Solar energy falls into this category of er than directing their course. House of Representatives is run." energy resource. Although the President The President's major energy message Mr. Fulton of Pennsylvania: "It has been to Congress last April failed to propose the custom that ea.ch party shall select its has expanded the budget for solar re­ search in recent years, it still is insignif­ steps to require equitable allocation of own people and set the seniority and that scarce supplies. It failed to set up a they shall select the membership of the icant relative to its potential impact on various committees and their own officers our future economy. A recent article system of standby reserves for emergen­ and that the other party would do the same." which appeared in the Cleveland Press cies. It failed to make a long overdue "Unless this comity is kept, unless this outlines this tremendous potential. The commitment of funds needed to develop courtesy continues to exist between the par­ author, Mr. David Dietz, states the re­ alternate sources of energy for the fu­ ties . . . I believe it would do a great dis­ markable fact that the solar energy fall­ ture. And it failed, most notably, to service and damage to the two-party sys­ move to curb consumption. tem." ing on the surface of Lake Erie in an average day is more than the total energy Only after outbreak of war in the used each day in the entire United States. Middle East, when indications of mount­ ing shortages and potential economic dis­ MISS SIBYL POOL The problem for research is to develop ways of converting this energy efficiently ruption could no longer be ignored, did so that we can use it. For the interest of the administration move to require allo­ HON. WALTER FLOWERS my colleagues, I am including the com­ cation of propane and heating oil, OF ALABAMA plete text of this article in the RECORD : although Congress had authorized this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES action 6 months earlier. SUNLIGHT HITTING LAKE ERIE COULD OPERATE Now, after Congress has passed addi­ Friday, November 30, 1973 THE NATION (By David Dietz) tional legislation requiring it, crude oil and gasoline will be included in the pro­ Mr. FLOWERS. Mr. Speaker, we in The energy contained in the sunlight fall­ Alabama lost one of our distinguished ing on Lake Erie on an average day is more gram. citizens last month with the death of than the total energy being used that day In his latest energy message, the Pres­ Miss Sibyl Pool of Linden. in the entire United states. ident has proposed several sensible con­ Sibyl Pool spent the major portion of Bringing the figure closer to home the servation measures. But even these will her adult life in service to the people of energy in the sunlight falling on one acre not result in sufficient savings. Alabama through the political offices to of ground is about 4000 horsepower. That A 17-percent, nationwide shortage on each square ya.rd of your front lawn is seems inevitable, with regional shortages which she was elected. She was the sec­ 1.5 horsepower. ond woman in the State's history to win That is why scientists believe that an ac­ running much higher. What the Presi­ a seat in the legislature when she rep­ celerated program is needed to speed up dent has recommended-if it works­ resented Marengo County in 1946. Eight the utilization of solar energy. They are will save us only 10 percent. Where is years after entering the Alabama House unable to understand why President Nixon the rest to come from? of Representatives, she became the first impounded $60 million which Congress voted As the November 27 Minneapolis Tri­ of her sex to win statewide office when for research on solar energy, geothermal bune editorial indicates, unpopular steps she was elected secretary of state. She energy and the gasification of coal. are called for. With its popularity at an A report being assembled by the Atomic served in that capacity for 6 years, fol­ Energy Commission, due in December, is alltime low, the administration appar­ lowed by 4 years as State treasurer. At expected to recommend a five-year $10 bil­ ently lacks the courage to impose strong the time of her retirement because of ill lion program of research in all fields of measures such as rationing or excess-use health in 1971, she had served as a mem­ energy including, of course, atomic energy. taxes. ber of the Alabama Public Service Com­ It would be a big mistake to think that The editorial follows: mission for 16 years. all the solar energy reaching the earth goes [From the Minneapolis Tribune, Miss Pool's career in public life to waste. If the sun suddenly went out, the earth would be plunged into total darkness. Nov. 27, 1973] spanned 34 years, longer in political office The temperature would quickly begin to A FOURTH ENERGY MESSAGE than any other woman in the State's fall. Within a week the tropics would be as In his fourth energy message of the yea.r­ history. Sibyl Pool devoted the major cold as the North Pole. Soon the oceans and his second in less than a month­ portion of her life to service to others would freeze to their lowest depths. Finally President Nixon added little new to what he and her passing is a great loss to those the atmosphere itself would freeze. has previously said about the nation's fuel who knew her. She will be truly missed. About a third of the sun's energy reach- shortages or proposed in the way of solu- 39102 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 2, 1973 tions. Several of the proposals he announced RESOLUTIONS ON THE SUBJECT OF poenas for journalists to force them to Sunday night were either already in the IMPEACHMENT divulge their sources of information; the works or had been anticipated. For example, federal governmen t's attempt to enforce for several states h ad already put into effect a the first time in the nation's history the doc­ 50-mlle-an-hour speed limit, and at least HON. LESTER L. WOLFF trine of "prior restraint" in the publication 30 percent-and perhaps 40 percent-of the OF NEW YORK of news (the Pentagon Papers Case); the country's gas stations already were closed wiretapping of Washington coITeSpondents, on Sundays. Cutbacks in jet fuel and the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and fraudulent investigations to intimidate allocation of heating oils were already under Friday, November 30, 1973 diligent report ers (the case of Daniel Schorr way. of CBS-TV news). Two weeks ago Congress gave Mr. Nixon Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, the Reform authority to deal with some aspects of the Democratic Association of Great Neck TAMPE RING WITH THE ELECTORAL PROCESS fuel problem, and further measures with recently passed a number of resolutions President Nixon, as the Senate hearings new grants of authority are expected to be on the subject of impeachment. I would and court actions have revealed, was either passed soon. But the leadership must come fully aware of or criminally negligent about from the White House, and Mr. Nixon still like to include these resolutions in the the violations of federal law in the collection gives the appearance of backing into solu­ RECORD for the attention of my col­ and illegal use of campaign funds to ensure tions rather than facing up to the over-all leagues: his reelection. Federal criminal indictments problem. RESOLUTIONS have been returned against his immediate On the immediate problem of gasoline The Reform Democratic Association of subordinates at Cabinet level. There is un­ shortages, for example, Mr. Nixon continues Great Neck does hereby urge the House of contested evidence of heavily financed under­ to draw back from such consumption-reduc­ Representatives to vote the impeachment of cover in terference with the electoral efforts ing measures as rationing or sharp tax in­ President Richard M. Nixon for the follow­ of President Nixon's opponents through creases on the grounds that they would be ing reasons: fraud, espionage, libel, slander, burglary, wire-tapping, extortion, favors to selected in­ u n popular. Unpopular, they m ight be. But THE WAR IN INDOCHINA strong measures are, in the minds of most of dust rialists, false reporting, bribery and per­ For at least 14 months prior to the inva­ jury. the country's energy experts, unavoidable, sion of Cambodia by United States armed too, and the sooner the administration takes forces in May 1970, President Nixon author­ UNAUTHORIZED IMPOUNDMENT OF FUNDS strong steps to reduce consumption the ized a secret air war against Cambodia while President Nixon has refused to spend over better. Every day that passes, the shortage of denying that such an offensive was in effect. $40 billion in congressionally approved and gasoline-alon g with other fuels-becomes The May 1970 land invasion was undertaken appropriated funds for health care, housing more apparent. On Nov. 7, the administra­ by President Nixon without Congressional for the needy, assistance for the children of tion estimated that the country would be approval. These illegal actions caused thous­ working mothers, and for handicapped per­ short 10 percen t of gasoline. On Sunday, ands of Cambodian and American deaths, sons. administration officials said the estimate now destroyed Cambodia's neutrality, and :flouted The degree to which the President has im­ is 21.4 percent. What will the estimate be in the United States Constitution, the Charter pounded funds in defiance of the authority another 18 days? of the United Nations and the basic prin­ of Congress is unprecedented in our history. Administration critics have labeled each of ciples of international law. VIOLATION OF THE RIGHT OF PRIVACY Mr. Nixon's previous energy messages as "too little, too late." They are saying-with equal SUBVERSION OF THE BILL OF RIGHTS President Nixon recently taped hls conver­ justification-the same about the message On July 23, 1970, President Nixon approved sations with numerous persons conferring he broadcast on Sunday. There is plenty of an interdepartmental intelligence project with him in his White House office. This ls a evidence indicating that as long as three (supposedly abrogated five days later) sanc­ gross breach of confidence more appropriate years ago a.nd more, the administration a.nd tioning an unprecedented campaign of po­ for the head of a police state than for the the oil industry were aware of trouble a.head, litical espionage and sabotage against any elected head of a democracy. President Nixon but neither of them, it seems, was prepared opponent of administration policy. Evidence has compounded this breach by refusing to to take the necessary steps to curb consump­ has been presented at hearings of the Senate make these tapes available to the special tion. To take one instance alone, the Vietnam Select (Ervin) Committee indicating that prosecutor in the Watergate investigation, War: Americans who watched the vast quan­ the project has never been cancelled and in whose appointment he approved, and to the tities of oil poured into Indochina as re­ fact is in operation to this day. This project Senate Select Committee. cently as a year ago might be excused from violates not only the Bill of Rights but recent IMPROPRIETIES IN THE ACQUISITION OF PROPERTY wondering why they can't get enough to Supreme Court decisions that electronic sur­ President Nixon has issued contradictory heat their homes this winter. veillance is illegal. and incomplete explanations about the man­ Short-term cutbacks undoubtedly will get In 1971, President Nixon authorized the ner in which he has acquired valuable prop­ most Americans through this winter with­ establishment in the White House of a spe­ erty in California and Florida., with the ques­ out too much distress. There stlll is an enor­ cial investigative unit known as the tionable assistance of wealthy friends. There mous amount of energy available in the Uni­ Plumbers to engage-for political purposes-­ are also unanswered questions about the ex­ ted States. But a policy based on short-term in a program of breaking and entering, in­ penditure of at least $10 mlllion in Federal actions will provide only short-term relief. filtration and prove!:lation, forgery, and acts funds for alterations at the Nixon homes at The energy crunch that is upon us all is not of violence to person8 and property. This Key Biscayne and San Clemente, allegedly for just a temporary emergency. It more likely unit was illegal in that it was immune from reasons of security. ls, as Stewart Udall pointed out in an article supervision by the several security organiza­ on this page in Monday's Tribune, "a deep­ tions created by the authority of Congress. ening long-term impasse that is certain to TAMPERING WITH DUE PROCESS AND THE LATVIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY escalate and send shock waves through our JUDICIARY economy for at least a decade." President Nixon set in motion procedures In this sense, it is not only misleading but leading to the burglary of the office of Dr. dishonest for the president to hold out the HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist, in violation of OF NEW YORK hope that if his plans are followed the coun­ the laws of California and of the United try can become energy self-sufficient by States. This burglary has resulted in the in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1980. This goes completely against the grain dictment of one of the President's chief as­ Monday, November 26, 1973 of comment from the nations most knowl­ sistants. President Nixon sought also during edgeable energy experts. "Patently absurd,'' the Ellsberg-Russo trial to influence the Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, this month, was the way a Shell Oil Co., official put it in outcome of the trial by offering to the trial 55 years after the declaration of inde­ Minneapolis recently. Mr. Nixon would serve Judge the directorship of the FBI. pendence by an optimistic Latvian na­ himself and the country better if he President Nixon and his chief aides sought tion, we are reminded of what a travesty stopped pretending that there are easy, pain­ to cover up the Watergate crimes and the less solutions that by the end of the decade freedom can become. government's criminal activity in the Ells­ Around the world it is only the Lat­ wlll bring the nation to the point where, in berg case by asserting CIA involvement and the presidents words, "we will once again national security concerns. For five weeks vian descendants in other countries and have those plentiful supplies of inexpensive President Nixon deliberately withheld from Latvian emigres who are free to com­ energy which helped to build the greatest the trial Judgfe in the Ellsberg case the memorate that happy day in 1918; those industrial nation and one of the highest evidence of the burglary-until the Attorney citizens still in Latvia are facing more of standards of living in the world." General of the United States and his deputy the degradation they have endured for The hard reality, says Udall, "is that the insisted that it be revealed. era of abundant, cheap oll has ended-and the past 33 years under Soviet domina­ there have never been any short-cut sub­ THE ASSAULT ON FREEDOM OF THE PRESS tion. stitutes in sight for this versatile commod­ President Nixon has throughout his terms Despite the subjugation of ethnic cul­ ity." That's the sort of plain talk the of omce demonstrated contempt for the First ture, heritage, and pride in Latvia, de­ country should be getting i'rom the White Amendment guarantees for the media. Some spite forced resettlement and tyrannical House. examples: The Justice Department's sub- treatment, the desire for freedom and December 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 39103 self-determination has not been elimi­ Listen to the following lines, ladles and gen­ cans, Irish-Americans, Afro-Americans or tlemen. I am sure you know them by heart. Jewish-Americans because the hyphen im­ nated. plies that different groups should be treated In the climate of detente, the United Give me your tired, your poor, differently. This is wrong. States and other free nations have an Your huddled masses yearning to breathe On the other hand, it ls necessary to un­ opportunity to press even more strongly free, derstand that different groups have added for restoration of human rights and hu­ The wretched refuse of your teeming shore, immeasurably to American life because they man dignity in the captive nations. Send these, the homeless, the tempest-tossed are different. Out of their differences have to me: grown ideas, a fuller cultural life, and a more As we move cautiously toward a more I lift up my lamp beside the golden door. peaceful world, we must remember that interesting and stimulating America. Our peace and stability must be accorded all Those are, of course, the famous lines en­ national outlook is broader; our character graved on the pedestal of the greatest sym­ stiffer. peoples of all nations. We must stand as bol of human freedom in the world-the Rather than question in any way those firm as the courageous Latvian people Statue of Liberty. They are also the closing who feel deep emotional ties to other coun­ and reassert the basic principles of the lines of a poem that celebrates America as tries-whether it be Israel or Ireland or Italy United Nations Declaration of Human the haven for the world's oppressed. The or Africa-we should salute this as a mani­ Rights, which both the United States and poem is entitled "The New Colossus." The festation of the genius of our Nation. This the Soviet Union have signed. We must author was Emma Lazarus, a Jewish woman is part of what we call Americanism. It is continue to work for the day of true who organized relief for Jewish refugees who one of the things that make both Israel and freedom for all men. had fled the oppression of 19th century America unique in the world. The beauty Russia. of Joseph's coat was that it was of many The ring of Isaiah is in those lines. I think colors. those words on the St.atue of Liberty capture It is perfectly impossible for Americans tt.; essential spirit of both America and to hold on proudly to the best elements of HON. GERALD R. FORD'S ADDRESS Israel-almost uniquely among the nations their different national heritages--and yet BEFORE THE UNITED JEWISH AP­ of the world-havens for the persecuted, the be united in common love for our country. PEAL'S DINNER FOR LIFE homeless, the oppressed. And let me add here that no single group And it is because of this unique common of Americans has been more steadfast in tradition, I believe, that the bonds between standing up for our country than our Jewish HON. ANGELO D. RONCALLO America and Israel are so very close. There is citizens. no contradiction whatsoever between the Finally, ladies and gentlemen, let me men­ OF NEW YORK support you offer to Israel and the loyalty tion one more basic American quality, per­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES you feel toward America. haps the finest of all-the willingness to Friday, November 30, 1973 There are many of you in this audience sacrifice to help your fellow man. tonight whose parents ca.me to these shores It's an old concept, one of the finest em­ Mr. RONCALLO of New York. Mr. fleeing oppression. Some of you came under bodied in the Judeo-Christian tradition, the Speaker, I was pleased and honored to those conditions yourselves. And as you all concept of charity. And perhaps no group attend the United Jewish Appeal Dinner know, the accomplishments of the UJA in in America has more distinguished itself assisting such immigrants have been nothing for its generosity and its philanthropy than for Life at the Colonie Hill Restaurant the American Jewish community. The Greek with GERALD R. FORD, our distinguished short of phenomenal. And what you and your parents found here was something you root of the term "philanthropy" means love minority leader and Vice-President­ could not find in the nations you left--the of mankind. And I know of no people who designate. promise that you could rise just as high and better personify this love than those who I submit to the RECORD his fine address travel just as far as your abilities and dedi­ give to the United Jewish Appeal. which was received with warmth and cation could carry you. You can take profound pride in your enthusiasm by all: All of you here tonight have realized that record. Since 1938, UJA funds have saved promise, and your lives are tangible testi­ over 3 million lives and have helped make ADDRESS ON ISRAEL possible the transformation of Israel into a. Ladies and gentlemen, it is a special pleas­ monials to a very simple but often over­ looked truth-the American system is alive dynamic and progressive land. ure to address you at a time when the world As you all know, the recent fighting in the seems finally ready, after so many tragic years and healthy. The system does work. You have proved that it works. Middle East took a tragic toll. In fact, given of bloodshed and senseless procrastination, population ratios, the number of Israelies to acknowledge an unavoidable reality. Still another truth about our society is that it is diverse, a pluralistic society who died each day during the recent fighting That reality is the reality of Israel's exist­ was equivalent to approximately 7,000 Amer­ ence. The United States has worked long and strengthened socially and culturally by the beliefs and customs of the various national­ ican deaths per day. Thus your efforts to hard-and often alone-to uphold Israel's help Israel "bind up the wounds of war" seem security. In the peace negotiations that are ities and religions that found sanctuary and opportunity here. especially appropriate at this moment in at long last about to begin between Israel history. and the Arabs, we will continue to support The melting pot theory stlll holds. The melting process, of course, distills different At the same ti.me, other needs also press Israel's existence and her right to live in in Israel. For example, immigration to Israel security. social and philosophic views down into com­ mon national goals and purposes. That melt­ continues and spending on 1mm1gration The relationship between the United States alone was over $1 b1llion before the hostili­ and Israel has always been a unique one, and ing process should not, however, attempt to boll out those unique things we bring to ties broke out. as I worked on these remarks I tried to come This is a ti.me of testing, and the road to some conclusions about why this should America. as members of distinct cultural groups, qualities which help to enrich our ahead will not be an easy one. But for the be so. I think I've come up with at least a first time in decades, the road does seem partial answer, an answer involving the Bible, society as a whole. Too often, I believe, we stress the sameness passable with some of the roadblocks re­ a poet, a statue, and the work the UJA is moved. This Administration has spent five doing to assist Russian emigrants. The plight the homogeneity of American life whil~ ignoring the healthy differences and varia­ years in attempting to clear away interna­ of Soviet Jewry, incidentally, is one that has tional obstructions to peace by building long concerned me, and I'm sure some of you tions that give such richness to the Ameri­ can fabric. bridges to those nations with whom we once here tonight remember that I addressed this had no dialogue. subject at a rally for Soviet Jewry in Madison The texture of our Nation, which has con­ tributed to its unparalleled greatness, comes And the indications are that now such Square Garden in 1971. bridge building may be possible between Tel The passage in the Bible to which I re­ from many ethnic, religious and nationality strains. America, as we know it and love it, Aviv, Cairo, and Damascus. Perhaps finally ferred comes from Isaiah. I'd like to read a the way may be clear. Richard Tucker has few brief excerpts. According to the prophet, is like a good soup. Its full flavor comes from the blending of many ingredients. given us an inspirational rendition of the the mission of Israel was, and I quote, ". . . Israeli national anthem here tonight, and to loose the bands of wickedness, to undo Yet from many quarters we hear a great it is the closing lines of that anthem that we the heavy burdens, and to let the oppressed deal of talk about assimilation-especially find the hope of the future expressed so go free . . . to deal thy bread to the hungry from the younger generation. And, of course, clearly: and . . . bring the poor that are cast out to it is necessary that we should be alike in "The hope of two thousand years, To be thy house . . . Then shall this light break some ways-in our standard of justice, our a. free p~~ple in our land, In the land of forth as the morning ..." concept of democratic government, our com­ Zion ... As you are well aware, the historical paral­ mon ideal of liberty and freedom. Ladies and gentlemen, I believe we will lels between our a.ge and the age of 1:saiah are But, we must also recognize that we can make that hope a reality. striking. Then, as now, for example, the pay too high a price for sameness. We can And so I salute you-salute you for your Jewish people were returning to Zion to re­ make our soup bland. There are differences support of a worthwhile cause-and salute build their nation. that we cannot afford to lose. you, my fellow Americans, because you have But there is another contemporary historic I do not like to believe and do not concede unselfishly helped pave the road to self­ parallel that I find even more striking. that in this country we have Italian-Ameri- reliance for the people of Israel. With pride 39104 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 2, 1973 you can say you have played a major role in Various citizen groups who have fostered need to conserve all energy including elec­ Israel's progress. With your head high, you stringent air quality standards have re­ tricity but we need to note as accurately as know you have personally shared in an enter­ joiced in the delay or cancellation of oil re­ possible the truth of our current predica­ prise of historic significance for the survival finery construction, the delay of nuclear ment. We have no need to express alarm of the Jewish people and of the spirit of power plants, the termination of much coal about electric power. human freedom and dignity to which it is mining, and difficulties posed for automo­ Other areas of the country will not be so dedicated. Shalom. biles. Perhaps even more of us have con­ fortunate for reasons evident in our own sumed energy without much conscious history of electric power consumption in thought about conserving either energy or Indianapolis. Th e use of electric power has HON. RICHARD LUGAR, MAYOR OF money. Energy has been abundant and rel­ grown in startling leaps. INDIANAPOLIS, SPEAKS OUT ON atively inexpensive, and we have centered For example, the average residential use of ENERGY CRISIS our attent ion on other issues such as inter­ electricit y in Indianapolis was 2,478 kilowatt national peace or the strengthening of life hours in 1952 and 4,525 in 1962. That aver­ in urban and rural areas of America with age rose to 7,729 kilowatt hours in 1972, an HON. WILLIAM G. BRAY confiden ce that we had adequate capacity of increase of well over 200 % in 20 years with an average price in 1972 of 2.232 cents per OF INDIANA energy to move forward. For the moment, we must recognize that kilowatt hour as compared to 2.563 cents IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES international peace is at the forefront of con­ twenty years ago. Friday, November 30, 1973 sideration in this energy crisis. Because electric power is available in ample The Arab nations have observed, accurate­ supply and is less expensive than 20 years Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker, on November ly, that we are a people who demand a lot ago, it is difficult for some to imagine how 20, 1973, Mayor Richard G. Lugar, of In­ of energy and seem deter1r.Jned to enhance and why problems might develop. But let us dianapolis, addressed the city over tele­ present life-styles and demand more energy remember that it was difficult for some to vision on the energy crisis, wha.t it means, in the future. The Arab nations have made imagine how natural gas might come into and what Indianapolis can do about it. t h e same observation in regard to Western shor ; supply just two or three years ago. But His speech, plus an editorial from the Eu rope and Japan. energy users make substitutions. Businesses Make no rr.istake about the fact that we and individuals cut off from some sources of November 22, 1973, Indianapolis Star are the intended victim of international energy will seek alternatives in better supply. complimenting him on it, follow: blackmail of the greatest historical impor­ To be specific, former oil and gas users are ENERGY EQUALS JOBS tance to our country. The Arab Nations be­ switching to electricity. Furthermore, the use (An address by Richard G. Lugar, mayor, city lieve that we will be hurt sufficiently in the of electric power has been on a growth pat­ of Indianapolis, Nov. 20, 1973) coming months that we will meet their terms tern of 7 % compounded annually for a long The economy of the United States and the in the Middle East for the settlement they time in this country. Finally, our own supply technologically advanced nations is based demand. Following that, they believe that we of electric power this winter is primarily on energy. Energy is the ultimate raw mate­ will stand by as American property ls con­ dependent upon the Indianapolis Power & rial which permits the continued recycling of fiscated and that we will pay almost any price Light Company being allowed to burn In­ resources into most of our requirements for demanded for petroleum products they con­ diana coal. food, clothing, and shelter. The productivity trol. Several European countries have caved Small and large industrial and commercial (and consumption) of society is directly re­ in quickly to meet Arab demands and aban­ enterprises in Indianapolis used 69.7 % of lated to the per capita energy available. doned even a token display of NATO solidar­ electric power consumption in 1972 as op­ Today, human labor provides for far less ity with the United States. Given the nature posed to 28.8 % use by 255,228 residential than one per cent of the work performed of this crisis and the demands of citizens in customers. Substantial electric power sav­ in factories, refineries, and mills in the pro­ each Western democracy, the United States ings will be most easily obtained in large duction of products. Literally, our economy has watched its friends literally disappear industrial usage. Our future economic growth and our way of life could not continue with­ over the hill. In truth, only 11 % of our im­ is dependent on these farsighted conserva­ out vast amounts of energy. With the excep­ ported oil comes from the Arab countries, but tion measures, now. tion of the Soviet Union, none of the indus­ the policies of our allies have jeopardized For individual homeowners, it is very im­ trialized nations of the world ls self-support­ attempts to import make-up quantities from portant to adopt and to maintain a conserva­ ing in energy. They, together with most de­ any other source. Even our greatest source tion spirit which means turning off the lights veloping nations, will continue to compete of petroleum imports, the Canadians, have and appliances which no one is using and vigorously with the United States for avail­ upped the price to us by a substantial sum using appliances that are economical to begin able supplies. A transition from a buyer's to and curtailed our potential supplies, in ad­ with as opposed to being careless and waste­ seller's market in energy, worldwide, seems a dition. ful. likely prospect for ensuing decades. Ironically, you may remember that some Symbolic of our community concern, the The essential facts of our current energy United States senators who fought and de­ Christmas tree on Monument Circle will use problem are these: The United States de­ layed the Alaskan Pipeline legislation for less than 50 % of the electric power it used pends upon petroleum to meet 46 % of its years argued for a pipeline across Canada and last year. The spotlights on the tree will energy demand. Petroleum is used at a rate naively pointed to the safety and economy of be turned off. The Indianapolis Power & of approximately 17 million barrels a day in this route for the Midwest. Light Company's own building on the Circle the United States. Imports accounted for The only safe course for the future of this will remain dark. There is no need to panic 33 % of all U.S. crude oil and petroleum prod­ country is self-sufficiency in production of and to rush into many ill-advLc;ed reductions, ucts prior to the recent Mideast curtailment. the energy which we will need. The Arab but the time is at hand for changes in life­ Recent curtailments will mean a shortage nations have been effective in their strategic style and for the conservation of electric during this winter of at least 2 million bar­ policy because they could count upon the power by some reasonable percentage that rels per day of crude oil and petroleum prod­ desperation of citizens in countries who use will not cause immediate discomfort but ucts. 'If the Mideast oil cutoff continues, the oil to demand that oil shipments continue will insure greater capacity for the con­ shortage will be approximately 3 million bar­ lest normal economic and social life grind to tinued health and safety of Indianapolis. rels per day or 17 % of normal demand. a halt. Energy shortages will last for several years. Heating oil shortage will be approximate­ Our predicament is serious but it is not We will enjoy abundant electric power dur­ ly 15 % of expected demand. Gasoline short­ desperate. If we use common sense and calm­ ing that time if we begin to conserve now. ages will be approximately 7 %, and this per­ ly face the facts, we will establish that this Natural gas poses a different set of prob­ centage could increase if refineries can obtain country cannot be blackmailed. We are lems. Families living in homes heated by higher production of heating oil at the ex­ strong enough to maintain peace and stabil­ natural gas will have adequate supplies this pense of gasoline in the refinement of crude ity in a world which will become a great deal winter. The same can be said for schools and oil. more jittery in the coming months. for large volume industrial users. Those who Most of us know that demand for energy I will leave to others further analysis and do not have natural gas service or who have has been rising rapidly. Many of us are dis­ moralizing over why we are using so much interruptible supply arrangements will be pleased that current international develop­ energy and who should have provided more without natural gas during most of this ments have left this country so vulnerable. planning, production, less control, and all winter. In days to come, substantial criticism will the rest. Our task, now, 1s to assess quickly Approximately 61 % of Indianapolis homes be levied at oil companies who have not ex­ the extent of the problem in Indianapolis are heated by natural gas and the adequate panded refineries in this country in step with and to detail the steps we must take to pro­ heating supplies for these families are a demand for petroleum products and have vide a strong economy, and a minimum of source of considerable reassurance to the serviced the needs of other countries al­ physical suffering for all citizens during the community. Likewise, 59% of all public legedly at the expense of this country. The winter months ahead. school buildings in Indianapolis and Marion oil companies will point to environmental First of all, the good news of our situation County are heated by natural gas and should restrictions on refinery building plus local should be noted. The Indiana.polis Power & have ample fuel supplies for building heat. hostility, smothering governmental controls Light Company has the capacity to provide The natural gas picture has been one of on pricing which made investments less ample electric power to this community for limited supply for many months in Indian­ profitable and governmental protectionism the forseeable future. Electric power is not apolis. The supply picture will not change which discouraged oil imports until too late. in short supply. For good reasons, we will during the months ahead. Generally speak- December 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 39105 Ing, if you are enjoying the service now, you thermostats in every building in Indian­ Center for Advanced Research, the Depart­ will probably continue to enjoy it for the for­ apolis. For most people, this should mean an ment of Public Works will re-engineer the seeable future. Otherwise, you will be seeking average reading of 68 degrees. This goal is combustion processes of the waste sludge in­ other sources of heat and energy. Some of the absolutely critical in any building warmed cinerator to achieve a 20% saving in fuel oil pressure from the termination of natural gas by fuel oil or we shall very likely run out consumed at the Sanitation Plant. The auto­ supplies has fallen on the fuel oil alterna­ of supplies and a degree of unemployment mobile gasoline saving plan and combustion tive thus increasing demand for that inade­ and suffering is inevitable this winter and re-engineering projects should result in a quate supply. Other demand has moved to­ for a long time to come. saving of 17 % of all petroleum product usage ward electric heat which will accelerate pres­ Savings in natural gas, electric heat, and by the City government in 1974. sures on that front. steam heat are also important because all Also in cooperation with the Department No new gas supplies are on the way. The should be conserved. All are likely to be in of Public Works, the Indianapolis Center for conservation of natural gas is an obvious goal shorter supply and to increase in price as Advanced Research will be employed to assist for the community. Our ability to be prudent will fuel oil. If the normal citizen cannot in applying a biological respirometer to con­ in usage is a small price to pay for the cer­ turn down the thermostat to help save the trol secondary treatment units and effect a tainty that most of the homes of this com­ job and health of another citizen, perhaps 13 % saving of all of the electric power now munity will continue to be warm and that he will do so at least to save his own money, used by City governmental operations. most factories will continue to operate. Un­ substantial money before the year ls over. These savings in petroleum products and like the electric power picture, the bulk of Secondly, we must save gasoline, the other electricity will achieve an approximate 13 % gas revenues come to Citizens Gas & Coke major petroleum product now in short sup­ saving of all energy by the City of Indianap­ from residential users and the bulk of the ply and destined to become critically short olis government to which will be added the economies must come from 149,244 gas heat­ without major conservation now. As in the other departmental programs and economies ing customers. case of fuel oil, each citizen is not being of individual employees. In viewing the petroleum products scene, asked to abstain from total use but simply City government has taken a thorough in­ we find a grave situation. Many units of civil to save a little fuel. This can be done by ventory of energy consumption and found government and school government have al­ driving at 50 m.p.h. or less on highways, by that the most substantial savings are possi­ ready received notices from large suppliers better maintenance of car engines, by elim­ ble in Sanitation Plant operations because of fuel oil indicating that only 96 % and in inating needless idling of engines, and by 45.8% of current energy consumption occurs some cases, 88 % of last year's purchases will not using the car in circumstances when a in these locations. be available during the coming year. car pool, use of public transportation, bi­ Ironically, the fuel oil allocation to the The 29 % of Indianapolis homeowners who cycling, or walking will prove just as satis­ City government is too low, at present, to use fuel oil for heat will have a variety of fying and much less expensive. continue operation of the sludge incinera­ outlooks. Our office has polled twenty large I make these suggestions on fuel oil and tor at full capacity after January 1, 1974. If and medium sized fuel oil distibutors and gasoline with full knowledge that enforce­ we cannot operate the incinerator and must found that homeowners who have a stable ment of total compliance is impossible. Hope la.goon the sludge, the first casualty of the customer-supplier relationship on a keep­ for voluntary compliance is only as strong as local energy crisis will occur soon at the full basis are in relative safety of receiving one's faith in individual conscience and Sanitation Plant. We will seek additional fuel an adequate supply of fuel oil this winter. sense of self discipline. oil or other suitable fuel to maintain the Those homeowners who do not have a stable The Indianapolis Police Department and progress our city has enjoyed in emptying relationship and those who usually buy small the Marion County Sheriff now ticket hun­ the lagoons and creating substantial environ­ quantities of fuel oil at various times will be dreds of speeding drivers each week who mental progress in solid and liquid waste dis­ the most likely to run into difficulty and to even under severe penalty of law cannot posal, but the fuel allocation is not present need to file for special allocations through the control excessive speed and a shocking waste to insure sludge incineration for the near government of the State of Indiana. of energy. 'Fhe law is important but it can future. For Indianapolis, the immediate energy never be as strong as the motivation which Several major industries of our city have crisis bolls down to a severe shortage of fuel comes from individual concern about loved pledged to do as much as City government to effect significant energy conservation now. As oil. To the extent that more petroleum ls ones, about neighborhood and community, shifted at the refinery into fuel oil as op­ and a.bout the future of our country. a common sense matter, industrial and posed to gasoline, gasoline supplies will Energy equals jobs. Waste or energy will business conservation is good business in dwindle faster and shortages will become be unemployment for someone else. I have terms. of lowering costs and enhancing the critical sooner rather than later. no doubt that a business as usual attitude best possibilities for continued profitable Shifts and substitutions within a fixed, operation of plants. will lead to severe hardship including loss of Business and government must approach short supply of energy will continue for income for thousands of Indianapolis citi­ each conservation measure with considerable years. This is the reason that no supply ls zens. That will mean, ultimately, loss of in­ prudence if we are to remain employed and safe and that all energy must be conserved. come for most of us. I am equally certain President Nixon has asked for immediate that we have a good chance of preserving healthy. For example, a case has been made national consideration of the most practical by the trucking industry and by local Team­ basic city services, keeping schools open, and sters that speeds higher than 50 m.p.h. will means of conserving fuel oil and gasoline maintaining strong employment if we use be needed by trucks which deliver goods in a immediately. Failure to effect savings in less fuel oil and gasoline now, and if we de­ timely manner and provide necessary ware­ amounts of 10 % or 20 % will mean rationing velop conservation habits to save natural housing for much of the production line by means of price, special taxes, coupon books gas and electric power. material which keeps our plants open and or all three in a last ditch attempt to pre­ The government of the city of Indianap­ operating each day. While we are trying to vent the halt of basic industries, basic gov­ olis will take a leadership role in energy save energy, and thus save jobs, we must not ernmental. services, and suffering by millions conservation. create unemployment inadvertently by of Americans. Except for circumstances when health adopting measures which disrupt jobs and The fundamental fact remains that we do would be endangered, all buildings will be production. As I read the daily mail coming have 80% of the petroleum which we will heated at 68 degrees with lower thermostat into my office, I am fearful that some citizens need this winter and pooslbly more depend­ settings in buildings infrequently used by are proposing specific energy conservation for ing upon how cold the winter ls and how the public or city employees. We intend to some other citizens that might create hard­ long current lnternatlonaJ. curtailments last. set a pattern of saving all fuels because we ship for all of us and not much saving of As a nation, we can effect the 10% to 20% will need to continue on such a course for energy. At the same time, we must publish savings and preserve prosperity and health at least three to five years through the ups sound information on energy saving actions to say nothing of the independence of our and downs of various supply situations. which are effective and easily adopted by each foreign policy if we are able to see the prob­ Except for emergency conditions, all Indi­ fam1ly. lem now and to act. anapolis owned cars will travel at less than I am deeply impressed with the leadership Ob'iiously, if many citizens do not see 50 m.p.h. We will emphasize and offer in­ of young citizens in carrying forward con­ any problem, they will not help in the solu­ centives to car pools and the use of public servation methods learned in our sc1~ 001s tion. Equally unfortunate are some citizens transportation. to homes and community centers. Their ac­ who see the problem but are too busy settling Substantial gasoline savings have been tion has been timely and inspiring. old scores by suggesting that they will do realized by the City during 1973 with a 7.6 % My office will be in constant communica­ nothing until others do something. reduction in the number of gallons of gaso­ tion with school, lab<....-, and business leaders I do not Intend to puropose a course of ac­ line purchased as compared to a compara­ to obtain their advice b.nd counsel on how tion designed to cause inconvenience or to ble period of 1972. During 1974, we shall best to save energy and to increase general effect a social or economic policy change un­ achieve a further 15 % reduction in gasoline welfare with the least inconvenience. I have der the guise of conserving energy. I will purchase amounting to over 500,000 gallons. propose constructive action which will lead 990 vehicles of the 1320 cars owned by city been pledged the full cooperation of leaders to common sense strengthening of our econ­ and county governments are used in public in all sectors of public and economic life of omy and safety. safety. A new system of internal control will this city. I pledge the full support of our First of all, because our major immediate be instituted to achieve these gasoline sav­ leadership to Governor Bowen and President problem is adequate energy for heating, we ings by the Department of Public Safety. Nixon as they co-ordinate state and national can best meet this head on by lowering With the assistance of the Indianapolis programs. 39106 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 2, 1973 If we a.re able to st.ow measurable savings a call for the co-operation of every citizen in pride for many of us, as well as a day as a. community, we a.re going to make a good conserving fuels, and for prudence in doing case against rassing out the coupon books so. of sadness. a.nd installing the bureaucracy of fuel oil He laid needed emphasis on the point that Both feelings were evident at the cere­ or gasoline rationing. the wrong kinds of conservation measures monies in which I participated at the I a.m alarmed that 40 members of the could disrupt the economy. Much of the Bethesda-Chevy Chase War Memorial. tvnited States Senate on November 15 at­ necessary savings can be accomplished at no Dr. Melville A. Taff, Jr., president of the tempted to mandate that President Nixon greater cost than a relatively small degree start rationing on January 15. Their amend­ of personal comfort and convenience. Lewis B. Hershey Sertoma Club of Be­ ment was defeated by only 48-40. 'Thoughtful selectivity can minimize the thesda-Chevy Case, was the master of In any society, some citizens seem to take kinds of cutbacks that would result in pro­ ceremonies. delight in trying to control the lives of others, duction, transport and commercial losses, Mrs. William H. Dowling, of 5713 and some folks while arguing patriotism and which translate into reduced individual national emergency are seemingly eager to earnings and loss of jobs. Huntington Parkway, Bethesda, ex­ start the rationing process. As he said, each conservation measure to be pressed many of our feelings in a touch­ If the people in Indianapolis and for that taken by both business and governmental ing poem which she wrote. I would like matter in the rest of this country want to agencies must be approached with prudence. to share it with you: delude themselves into believing that we "We must not create unemployment inad­ SLEEP GENTLY, DEAR SOLDIER have no shortage of petroleum, and as a re­ vertently," he said, "by adopting measures sult, continue to use it up with no visible which disrupt jobs and production." (By Louise L. Dowling) conservation, we will have severe shortages There was also a welcome expression of Sleep gently, dear soldier and then emergencies and will then have opposition to government controls and of The battle has been won only the choices of rationing or running off confidence that the problem can be met with May you :find the peace you fought for the cliff with reckless abandon. voluntary action. He promised the city would In the calm of setting sun At present, our choice is much more noble take a leadership role by making substantial May the moon and stars and winds and rain and much more sensible. We can prove vol­ savings in its own energy consumption while A silent vigil keep untarily that this country can move quickly maintaining essential services. He summed up the situation well in a sin­ And in the hush of twilight, may you rest and decsively to counter international eco­ in peaceful sleep. nomic blackmail and to overcome an abun­ gle sentence: "The time for saving and for dance of past mistakes in planning forecasts consideration of others has come." and appropriate governmental action or in­ The roar of guns and cannon action. We can indicate that Americans a.re Have been silenced, thanks to you not fattened by abundance to such an extent MISS LA WRA KASSEE BULEN AN­ A hush has fallen o'er the earth that we lack the toughness to discipline our NOUNCES CANDIDACY FOR PRES­ As you sleep beneath the dew own appetites for energy and to set up better IDENT IN 2012 And while we struggle still, for peace conservation practices to meet future con­ Dear soldier, do you know tingencies. Old Glory soars because of you The energy conservation program of this HON. WILLIAM G. BRAY And we thank you for it so. winter is not the last time that we will need OF INDIANA to a.ct with concern for scarce resources in this country a.nd this world. As we have wit­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Now you are safe with Him, above nessed widespread famine in Africa this year Friday, November 30, 1973 A hero, gallant, true and the dwindling of world wide food sup­ So lay your head upon His breast plies, we know that even greater perils than Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker, on Friday, And rest-dear soldier-do. a crisis of energy face many countries. We November 16, 1973, Lawra Kassee, the are the last breadbasket of the world, first child of L. Keith and Carole Bul­ uniquely self-sufficient in food supplies. Our en-Mr. Bulen is Indiana Republican food production is now our major strength national committeeman-was born. LYNN ROSELLINI: AN OUT­ in foreign policy and trade. Her father is getting her started early. The focus on energy will lead to a stronger STANDING JOURNALIST United States because we will adopt Presi­ Following is the most imaginative birth dent Nixon's goal of energy independence announcement I have ever read. Why and make appropriate substitutions during not? HON. LESTER L. WOLFF this decade which will enhance air and water The notice follows: OF NEW YORK quality. Coal, nuclear energy, hydrogen will DECLARATION OF CANDIDACY FOR THE OFFICE all receive our attention, and we will achieve OF PRESIDENT OF THI: UNITED STATES IN THE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES break throughs in years to come that can YEAR 2012 Friday, November 30, 1973 make this country self-sufficient. [Seal of the President of the United States.) For the moment, however, the long-range I, Lawra Kassee Bulen, do hereby declare Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, today, No­ objectives will not warm any homes nor wlll my intent to seek the above office in the year vember 30, a highly talented young indiscriminate condemnation of oil com­ indicated. journalist will be honored for her dedi­ panies, environmentalists, our enemies, our I swear and affirm that I am a native born allies, or wishful thinking a.bout the weather U.S. citizen born Friday, November 16, 1973 cation and devotion to the art of report­ help one bit. at the hour of 12:42 a.m. ing the news "like it is." She is Ms. Lynn Please turn the thermostat down. Please Further that I will be over thirty-five (35) Rosellini of Newsday who will receive save gasoline by using common sense in de­ yea.rs of age before such election and as­ termining speed, maintenance, and usage for the 1973 Front Page Award of the New sumption of office. York Newswomen's Club for outstanding your automobile. That I weighed Seven pounds Fifteen Save electricity. Save natural gas. Save ounces at birth and was Twenty-One inches journalistic achievement at the club's jobs, and schools, and public health and long and am a resident of Marion County, annual award ceremony to be held in the safety. Energy equals jobs. If we remember that equation, we are going to provide the State of Indiana, residing presently at 700 Hotel Biltmore, New York City. North Alabama Street, Indianapolis, Indiana is leadership in Indianapolis that this country 46204 with my proud parents Carole and Ms. Rosellini being cited for the best expects. Hoosiers have a high regard for com­ news story of the year written by a mon sense and healthy progress. We have an Keitb Bulen. equally healthy dislike of waste and of gov­ Whereas: I have set my foot the 16th day metropolitan-based woman journalist. ernmental control when a strong volunteer of November, 1973. The topic of her prize-winning article, [ Seal of Indiana.] effort can get the job done. which appeared in Newsday on May 22, We are free men, free to waste and com­ plain, but also free to save energy, save our 1973, was the arraignment of former At­ jobs, and save the strength of our country. torney General John Mitchell and for- My message tonight is simply that the time SLEEP GENTLY, DEAR SOLDIER mer Secretary of Commerce Maurice for waste and complaint is over. The time for saving and for consideration of others has Stans-a story that, by necessity, was come. With calmness and confidence, let us HON. GILBERT GUDE written under the pressure of deadline. get on with it. OF MARYLAND Mr. Speaker, it is my distinct privilege Thank you and good night. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to commend Ms. Rosellini to you and to EACH HAS A ROLE Friday, November 30, 1973 my colleagues as a reporter of exemplary We applaud the serious yet calm tone of Mayor Richard G. Luga.r's television speech Mr. GUDE. Mr. Speaker, we recently merit whose editorial ability justly de­ to the community on the energy crisis. It was marked Veterans Day, a day of great serves our praise and recognition.