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NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 ,^fU.r

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IN THE

;Ri|«RQiN^^ OraSROPE WHEREVER INTERNATIONAL TRAVELLERS MEET, THEY AGREE THE GOING'S GREAT k^ In the internationally famous pleasure-resorts ON of Europe — discuss the subject of Jet travel SOUTH and you'll hear enthusiastic comment from SOUTH AFRICAN experienced 'continent-commuters' who have flown on the S.A.A. Boeing 707 Stratojet. Even AFRICAN "^ AIRWAYS! the charming, but phlegmatic Swiss become almost excited when they speak of the luxury AIRWAYS of this giant Stratojet. They praise the food and B tl h f S.A.A. »;ilh B.O.A.C. D*U*/l'l anOC.A.A.orlBr dally wines and the South African personal service iet flights between JotiannesbufO. Europe and London. First ana hospitality on the Johannesburg—Zurich and Economy Class Service on all fllgtits. route. LS/A/30 77/1C

NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 I rum a hundied or vi blenil^, troi-i a vnr^ or more of papers, from a few dozen different shapes and sizes, why did we settle for ilu's cigarette? To tell the truth we didn't. You did! Out of all the cigarettes tested by panels of smokers this cigarette was the one Imally chosen to carry the name Springbok Seniors. It's a cigarette that's thicker than others so it smokes slower and cooler. It's made with pure South African tobaccos - the best tobaccos we can buy. We're sure you'l enjoy smoking this great South African Li^aretle. Al'ter all, it's your choice. Springbok for the mon seniors V

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NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 LEHERS

How locafiy patriotic can one get? Sir, — Thanks for a fascinating story article on witchcraft in Africa (NEWS/CHECK, Oct 23). But the pictures were almost exclusively of Southafrican witchdoctors, and little mention was made of Rhodesian witchcraft. We have plenty of trouble with them up here you know. How come such little coverage? A. Branscombc. Salisbury. NEWS/CHECK'S point in the article answers Reader Branscombe's ques­ tion: witchdoctors are roughly the same everywhere and there was no need for special mention. However, we have a picture for him (see cut). Ed.

Facts and faces vs fashion

Sir, — With more money to spend and ItHODBSIAN WITCHDOCXOB AND CLIENT a feminine itch to spend it, surely your Throwing bones for UDI? article on cosmetics for black girls (BUSINESS, NEWS/CHECK, NOV 20) garden path ornaments, garden majority of other centres, however indicates that if someone went into elephants, and so forth, except that small, have at least two mails a the cosmetic market with especially they have often been used to make week. made cosmetics for the African skin, unusual patterns and painted with May I suggest that you refrain from he would clean up? I don't understand what were once brilliant colours. unwarranted disparagement which can why no-one shows the necessary A. Mellor, only detract from your otherwise most initiative to do this. Among other Pretoria. readable newspaper? things, if it could be set going, surely J. H. Francis, Windhoek. it would make a commodity that we Not as other men could export to the rest of Africa Reader Francis has got it wrong. If without any kind of difficulty at all? Sir, — In your issue of Oct 23 (PRESS) he re-reads the story he will see that easy-going attitudes were attributed to P. Harborough, you refer to the SWA newspapers and attribute their easy-going attitude psychological reasons at least as much Durban. as to postal facilities. Moreover, When NEWS/CHECK started researching towards journalistic urgency and the public's ready acceptance of this posi­ NEWS/CHECK said only that a Press this story, its writers thought so too. telegram may take 28 hours — last We can only reiterate that actual tion to a lack of adequate communica­ tions. To illustrate your point you July an SABC man and a Suidwester beauty has little to do with it. If the man sent off telegrams from pale look comes in again, nothing will state that Press telegrams take up to 28 hours to reach Windhoek from Otjiwarongo at 10 on a Monday stop the grotesque spectacle of dark morning : they arrived in Windhoek bodies surmounted by dead white Otjiwarongo and that newspapers are often received a fortnight after 2.30 pm the following day. Windhoek masks slashed with pink mouths. But publication in certain areas. It was papers with a noon deadline are then, sunburned white women would obviously intended to convey the also accustomed to such things as 8.40 do the same — it's being in the fashion impression that postal and telegraph am telegrams from say Grootfontein that counts, not what a woman looks communications within this Territory arriving four hours too late. This kind like. Ed. are primitive and ineffectual. This, of of thing makes the SWA Pressman's course, is sheer nonsense. life tough, and not less tough because In fact SWA's telegraph, telephone and the Windhoek telex office is closed Not only in Durban postal services are modem by any between 7 at night and 6 in the standard. Its telegraph service which morning and is not open on Saturday, Sir, ^ Beautiful pictures of Durban has been entirely mechanised for more Indian temples (NEWS/CHECK, Nov Sunday and holiday afternoons. than a decade already, is now in the Journalists covering later events on 20). I should however like to draw process of being automatised, and your attention to a much more modest those days must phone their stories while any service which involves the out, and this works the other way one in Pretoria. It is quite small, but human element and/or mechanisms of built in the classical Indian style, of a too : the Suidwester's Kennedy assas­ any kind, will be sulsject to breakdown sination story was phoned through to cone with curved sides — the stupa. occasionally, telegraph traffic is dealt What makes it interesting — and in it from Johannesburg, NEWS/CHECK with expeditiously and delays are sticks to the point of its story that the some ways enchanting — is the fact minimal. that if one examines the cluttered SWA Pre.isman s life is not as other detail of decoration, one discovers that In regard to postal services, most of Pressmen's lives. Ed. the ornamental elements are simple the larger towns enjoy daily surface All political matter in this issue by Otto Krause, building units, such as cast concrete and airmail services, and the vast 42 Marshall Street, Johannesburg.

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NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 196> NEWS/CHECK ON SOUTHAFRiCA AND AFRICA Vol 3 No II 4 DECEMBER 1964 10th Floor Unitas Building 42 Marshall Street Johannesburg Southafrica PO Box 25252 Phone; 838-1541 EDITOR Otto Krause ASSISTANT EDITOR Robert Hodgins STAFFWRITERS Lesley Cawood Barbara Fink CONGOLESE CHILDREN AND MER< ENAKV O.N THE W .W TO ST.ANLEVNILLE leftrey Lever Carth Tomkinson Hostages of conscience EDITORIAL RESEARCHER Isme Bonnie CONTRIBUTING WRITERS ACK in the world's eyes. The continuing and bloody talc of the Corry Bagnall Congo had sunk to a small point on the world's conscience, trouble­ Roy Barnard B Esme Berman some but easily ignored in the face of more pressing urgencies. Last Fred Cleary Madeleine van Biljon week it was back as something considerably more as the rebels who held Tony Williams-Short Stanleyville bartered with the lives of white captives, and as gestures of PRODUCTION desperation, threatened them with cruel and barbarous ends. As the troops Elise Chjivers Isobel Cowie moved in to clear the rebels, the crisis mounted and the world's eyes were ADVERTISING/ again on the Congo. For the development of the drama, see COVERSTORY. ADMINISTRATION Doreen Geeringh CIRCULATION Creme de la creme. Oldtime business organisation was relatively Helen Hardy simple — the bosses bossed and the workers worked, and somehow the goods lOHANNESBURC ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVE got out. Today, Management is becoming increasingly a factor in deciding Frank Belling whether the final figures on a balance sheet are red or black. Pruned and CAPETOWN ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVE streamlined, some even think of Management as a science. But when kinks Charles Cameron-Strange develop in the streamlining someone has to straighten them out. For the (Box 4511 — Phone 41-1508) lowdown on those who fi.x the high ups, see BUSINESS. Published by Checkpress (Pty) Ltd at 42 Marshall Street Johannesburg Skulldiggery. Besides being the world's oldest continent geologically, Printed by Radtord Adiington Ltd Caithness Street Ophirton Africa does itself proud as the home of Early Man. And in discovering Johannesburg this fact the names of several outstanding scientists have become world Distributed by Central News Agency Ltd corner Commis­ famous. To Southafricans the names of Dart and Broom stand out, but sioner and Rissik Streets Kenya too has produced as resounding a name. For more, sec FOCUS ON Johannesburg LOUIS LEAKEY. Registered at the GPO as a newspaper YEARLY SUBSCRIPTION RATES Venture into the interior. Stalely homes are great if the owners are Southafrica, South West Africa, Rhodesia, Malawi, Zambia and stately, have stately taste and stately possessions. But new stately homers Protectorates: R5.20 (surface in Southafrica tend to leave it to the interior decorators, a rising number of mail). R7.50 (airmail). Britain: £3.4.0 (surface mail). them, to give taste, atmosphere, personality to their homes. For how they £5.2.6 (airfreight) and £8.9.0 (airmail). do it, see the story and scrutinise the pictures in LIVING. European Countries: £3.4.0 (surface mail), £5.2.6 (airfreight) and £9.12.0 (airmail). United States and Canada: $9 Drowned mountains. Somewhere off the Southafrican coast a .Tulcs (surface mail), $29.50 (airfreight) Verne story has come true, much to the disgust of his critics. Teeming and $40 (airmail). Australia and New Zealand: with odd-looking creatures and not very far beneath the surface of the sea, £A4.0.10 (surface mail). £AI1.9.3 this new discovery is of considerable scientific interest. How it came to be (airfreight) and EA17.19.0 (airmail). there, its biological importance and origin are discussed under SCILNCE.

COVERSTORY: DRAMA AT STANLEYVILLE — P 26 Contents Letters 5 (^(M'us on Press 42 Soiifhafrica 9 Dr Louis I^eakey 7-3 Religion 42 I ivinj» M Science 43 Newspeople 12 Guide TJiisiness 37 Entertainment 44 COVER PICTURE: US Hostatje World/Check 13 Carlson shot by rebels. Min:nf» & Finance 30 Art 47 Africa 19 Sport 41 Books 50

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NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 NEWS/CHECK ON SOUTHAFRICA AND AFRICA

FOREIGN FRONTS pects eagerly. Other countries are too. Love match. To ask under these cir- Striking the colours sumstances who won, is to miss the Much to the relief of both countries, point that both sides did pretty well the wrangling match over the supply out of it all. And this is surely the by Britain to Southafrica of low-level declared aim of international diplo­ Buccaneer strike aircraft came to an macy. For Verwoerd there was one end last week. Although both had added bonus, in internal politics — breathed threats—UK Premier Harold Harold Wilson had united white Wilson that the contract would be Southafricans as never before. cancelled, Southafrica's Dr Hendrik Off to the Glass House. But South­ Verwoerd that, if it was, the Simons- africa has other battles to fight. iVIost town Agreement would have to be heated will probably be the United "reviewed". Both were in a tough spot. Nations General Assembly session Soutliafrica, plainly, needs these air­ which began in New York last Tues­ craft, which it cannot obtain else­ day. Leading the Southafrican dele­ where, except with a long wait. And gation, which will certainly be faced Britain, faced by a dire foreign ex­ with greater hostility than ever before, change squeeze and the spectre of is Southafrican Foreign Affairs unemployment, equally plainly needs Minister Dr Hilgard Muller. Prepar­ the money. Besides, reneging on con­ ing for the fight, he toured Europe tracts would do the UK's vital foreign briefly, visiting his opposite numbers trade no good at all. At the same Dr Jan Luns (in the Netherlands) and time however, Britain's new govern­ Patrick Gordon-Walker (in Britain). ment was extremely anxious to make Reports are that he was cordially re­ good its pre-election vows that arms ceived and had successful conversa­ would be cut off to Southafrica, to tions with both. maintain the UN resolution on the subject and appease the Afro-Asians. Exactly what constituted "successful" Loophole. So Dr Verwoerd's toned- under the circumstances is conjec­ down warning to a reminder that "a tural. With world opinion shaping up breach of contract is a very serious ever more monolithically against matter" at Heidelberg was opportune Southafrica, there is next to no hope and astute. Taking his lead from that Muller has been able to persuade this, Wilson last week announced to them to support Southafrica on any the House of Commons that: ". . . no issues whatever, even procedural further export licences would be ones. Nor can he have hoped to win issued, but existing contracts would be that kind of victory. But if he has Opsaal kereld! I don't, mind boycotts and succeeded in merely convincing them cancelled conti'act.s, but when Wilson starts honoured . . . the shipment of the interfering with the Boer and his roer—• sixteen Buccaneers will, therefore, be that they should step a little more that's too much! sanctioned." Sotto voce mutterings cagily in joining the anti-Southafrica in praise of "the sanctity of contracts" group, it will be victory enough. could be heard on both sides. In the Rail-roaded from the north. On name of honour the Labour Govern­ another front Southafrican foreign ment has narrowly avoided its pre­ relations this week moved into a new election vows, the UN resolution and phase — one of helping Rhodesia the wrath of the Afro-Asians — and outright. In Salisbury, the Republic's got the unwanted and expensive Minister of Economic Affairs, Dr Nic Buccaneers off its chest. And South­ Diederichs, and Rhodesian Minister africa, with less to lose, has got what of Trade and Industry George Rud- it wanted. It is of little consequence land signed a new trade agreement to either that the total ban on all other providing for a lowering of tariff weapons has been reaffirmed. Any barriers between the two countries. such orders (for small arms) would Both parties made concessions. South­ only be a further embarrassment to african goods are guaranteed tariff Britain, and from the Southafrica treatment equal to those coming from C.IRTOONISTS ON BOYCOTTS: "D.4ILY side it is reported that lapanese arms NEWS" LEYDEX; "BUKGKB" HOIVIB.ILL: Commonwealth states, in some cases "C.^PE TIMES" M.IKAIS; "V.4DERLAND" manufacturers are eyeing their pros­ treatment equal to goods from the UK. IVANOFP On the other hand, the Republic will Mostly on the planes

NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 grant specified goods from Rhodesia the NP being supremely successful in extremely dubious. The Gcalekas, free entry. Said Diederichs: "The its call for national unity, the UP will although nobody can say for sure, agreement holds out prospects for a have to think again. probably voted for Poto's party as substantial increase in the exchange Alii alia dicunt. Edenvale was one much because of his tribal seniority as of goods between these two very close thing, but the simultaneous bye-elec­ his policy. and friendly neighbours." tion in the Gcaleka electoral division Beyond the ambit of white politics, the The friendliness might go even farther. of the Transkei was quite a different Xhosa are working out their own This week Rhodesian PM Ian Smith indicator. In a contest which on the reasons for choosing a government. At said that if Britain is not prepared to surface resolved around Kaiser Matan- present the Transkei is hovering on the defend Rhodesia against its enemies, zima's Transkei-for-the-Xhosa policy brink of a working democracy, and the Rhodesian Government would feel and Democratic Party leader Victor efforts by whites to fit their system itself free to negotiate a defence agree­ Poto's multiracialism, the latter policy into a mould that suits the whites and ment with Southafrica. And also sold the Xhosa and won out with a big not the Xhosa could make it a mooted was the recurring plan to majority. complete mockery. connect beil Bridge by rail with West It was a surprise win, for Matanzima Nicholson, thus providing a direct had swung energetic support behind link between the two countries and his candidate, and had been confident PARTIES eliminating the long way around of victory. He had in pre-election days End of the season through soon-to-be-independent Bech- made the election almost a vote of uanaland. Said Transport Minister Like the tired Punch and Judy man confidence issue, but backed down packing his puppets after the Brighton Ben Schoeman: "We would have liked after losing, and contented himself season, political reporters pocketed to have had such a link years ago." with a muttered: "We all know what their pens and pads after the Prime Mi­ All these have been minor engage­ took place at the polls in some nister's Heidelberg speech a fortnight ments, and Southafrica has come out districts", and refused to elaborate. ago with the grateful knowledge that of them reasonably well. If the skir­ Poto called on Matanzima to resign. that would be all for this year. There mishing can be kept at a low level, the would be no more political meetings, major battles can still be avoided. rallies, congresses or any kind of public ballyhoo for two months. Only when Parliament reassembles on January 22 ELECTIONS would a new political season — and a The people, Yes far more stately one at that — begin again. At Edenvale's main crossroads the Fidelity rite. This year's post-Parlia­ neon sign blinked brightly in the dusk. mentary season has been one of the "Vote Nationalist — vote Koomhof", busiest for years: it was time to rustle with the same message in Afrikaans. up some grassroots enthusiasm for the On a telegraph pole a tatty poster Provincial elections next March. Not opposite announced the United Party only were there the usual round of pro­ message which had been spread assidu­ vincial party congresses — NP, UP, ously among voters for weeks by keen plus Progs and Libs, with the same UP workers: "A vote for Koornhof is points being made over and over again a vote for the Bond." And last week's Parliamentary bye-election was in — but during this year's parliamentary essence fought over the Broederbond recess the Nationalists celebrated their issue. Standing as Nationalist Party party's golden jubilee with a splatter candidate was Dr Piet Koornhof, well- of speeches, both major and minor, all known as secretary of the semi-secret over the country. Afrikaans society which has been And for the political reporter it didn't perennially slated in the Opposition make much difference whether the Press and a source of concern to many meeting was in Pofadder or Paulpiet- English-speaking voters. UP candidate ersburg, even at times whether the Gert du Preez and his party had ham­ meeting was UP or NP. Just like the mered home that Koornhof stood for KDENVALE ll* PO.STER classical ballet, Southafrican political everything alien to English-speaking Wilson and Tshoinhe helped gatherings go through an ancient ritual Southafricans, and even made a play — the hearty welcome to all, scripture for Afrikaners on the BB issue. But but was obviously wildly over-optimis­ reading and prayer, thanks to all who to no avail. As the returns came in tic. had a hand in the arrangements, a cor­ from the consituency one thing was White opinion chose to interpret the sage for the main speaker's wife, a sure: that Broederbond arguments had result in its own various ways. Minister special word of welcome to foundation not turned the tide for the UP. Koorn­ of Bantu Development Daan de Wet and veteran members of the party (who hof was seated by an increased majority Nel merely commented that the result have often to be introduced personally of nearly a thousand. It was true, was no setback to the Government's to the speaker), and then the Speech, however, that several crises had come policy in the Transkei. And some tea, coffee and cake. right for the Government. At a time Nationalists hinted at Progressive Beat out that . . . For Cabinet minis­ when the Congo was in chaos and Party interference which must be ters, MPs, party officials and re­ British Prime Minister Harold Wilson stopped. porters travelling from one meeting to was bickering over delivery of Bucca­ What about the Xhosa? Opposition the next — like knights following the neer aircraft to Southafrica, voters in circles claimed the result as a indica­ tournaments of old — the season can Edenvale were in no mood to shake tion of the Transkei people's rejection be pretty trying, especially its mono­ the stance of the Govermnent. With of the Bantustan idea. But whether the tony. While local audiences hear them result bore out any of these sayings is only once a year or so, speakers must

10 NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 try's two-party system which often appears as merely two monoliths. being held at the moment will have But for political reporters, now heaving POINTERS to be released or charged before it a sigh and thinking of January's balmy expires. days in the Cape, the closing season Goodbye to 90 Days is too much of a muchness — a repe­ After being on the Statute Book Self-interest vs Ideology titive bore. for nearly a year and a half. Sec­ While all Afro-Asia threatens tion 17 of Law 37 of 1963 (the 90- Southafrica with embargoes, it is TRIALS day detention clause) is to be sus­ paradoxical that a number of its pended from January 11, according Communist friends have sharply in­ Secret Agent Q0]8 lo Government Gazette proclama- creased their trade with the Repub­ Reporters attending the trial in Johan­ lion. Announcing the withdrawal. lic of late. The recent exhibition nesburg of thirteen charged with being Justice Minister John Vorster of Southafrican goods in Hong members of the South African Com­ praised the police for the "very good Kong attracted the attention of munist Party had been aware that the internal security position" which agents from Red China with whom witness to be called after ex-Congress permitted the clause's withdrawal, Southafrica's trade has already of Democrats leader Piet Beyleveld but cautioned that he would not jumped to R4 million. Much the would be an even more dramatic hesitate to bring it back, should same holds true for trade with surprise. But they did not know just subsequent developments demand it. Poland, East Germany and Yugo­ how great it would prove to be. For More than 300 people have been slavia. Which all goes to show that the young man who came into the detained under the clause since its when the chips are down, ideology witness box was not only an old inception, and the 100 who are comes a poor second to solid trade. colleague (he had worked on both the Rand Daily Mail and The Star) but was on his evidence a member of the deliver the same speeches (and tell the volving stage supported on wheels and Police with the code name Q018, who same jokes) at one meeting after turned by two sweating student tugging had successfully infiltrated the Com­ another with the same enthusiasm and at it with thick ropes. At this creaking munist Party. Gerard Gunther Ludi, freshness. Party officials must pour spectacle, the NP was seen to squirm with wisps of beard around his chin, forth the same eloquent praise for with embarrassment — especially since told the court a story that sent people leaders or ministers they may have been a big slice of the world's press and travelling with for days, meanwhile television was there hoping to hear working hard to brief the speakers on another bang about the Buccaneers. local problems and grouses. (Apart (They didn't.) from the montony, the Press has to Yet even though they may be badly battle with slow rural communications, done, such efforts do reflect the enthu­ the problem of finding a table and siasm which the NP still engenders chair, and those small-town politicians among its followers. And part of the who seek publicity.) purpose of the season is, after all, to . . . rhythm on a drum. Seldom have enable leaders to measure the feelings Southafrica's parties attempted to vary of their supporters. the country's hoary pattern of poli­ Turn about. Thus the UP leadership ticking. Once the Progressive Party, this year found itself contending more taking a leaf from the American book, than ever with an embarrassing shift of staged a motor cavalcade through opinion among its rural men. It has Capetown, but that one went over like become quite fashionable at UP con­ a lead Zeppelin. The Nationalists at gresses to sound off about the "swart their big jubilee rallies this year took gevaar" while the city-liberalism of a few more leaves out of the volks- other delegates is less and less a re­ jeeste book and put on much more of straining influence. At this year's UP Q018, SB wo a show than usual. IN were recitals, congress in Bloemfontein, for instance, Matured in Bond choir performances, pageantry, much hard-core Nats would have looked searching for precedents that harked flaggery and bannery, and tableaux. tame by comparison as UP farmer Sometimes these commemorative dis­ back to the riper episodes of the master speakers decried the inroads of kajfers spy James Bond himself. plays were well arranged, as with PM (a word now quite non-U at Nationa­ Verwoerd's speech at Pietersburg where To Russia with love. Speaking softly, list gatherings), complained about fo­ Ludi told how he had been detailed more than a thousand pigeons (they reign cultures (sad come-uppance for flew) were released to great effect. And by the police to infiltrate left-wing a party which has always rooted for circles. As a student at the University the tribulation of hanging around in immigration), and dubbed Verwoerd the dust and the blazing sun was cut of the Witwatersrand he had attended (whom the UP have long accused of multi-racial parties, and had got on to a minimum. De Wildt, on the other being a baasskapper) a kafferboetie. hand, was a drawn out affair, tiring good terms with many left-inclined CheersI Cheers? The meetings, rallies people. In 1962 he had joined the if not tiresome, to all. and general shenanigans of the Repub­ 90% perspiration. Worst show of the now-banned Congress of Democrats, lic's off-parliamentary political season and he was so far accepted that he was season was the badly acted, badly have a healthy grassroots quality about written, badly announced series of ta­ able to visit Russia on the suggestion them: they present the rank and file of COD. He took this trip in the bleaux put on by Heidelberg students with an opportunity to vent feelings, for the occasion of Verwoerd's speech company of Lionel Bernstein's daugh­ grievances and enthusiasms; and the ter Toni. Together they obtained visas there, to depict the growth of the NP. frankness with which Southafricans do All was mounted on the original re­ from the Soviet Embassy in London, this is one of the best signs in the coun­ then "criss-crossed" Europe to Russia

NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 11 in order to avoid British Intelligence. In Moscow he had even got inside the Kremlin where he had received the NEWSPEOPLE traditional bear hug from Nikita Khrushchev. A fund for Fanny? Beating the floods On the spoor. Back in Southafrica Southern Rhodesia was much wilder Dan and Glen Jones, two young Uni­ Ludi said that he had met and come to around the turn of the century, cer­ versity of Texas students, got it into know top ANC officials, which led tainly no place for women. And no their heads that the world was ending him to beUeve that he was on the women were allowed in. But Fanny — about to be drowned out by floods. track of his goal — the South African Pearson was no ordinary woman. She They reckoned that only the Seychelles Communist Party. In December 1962 badly wanted to get into SR in 1890, Islands would be safe. So they did he had been invited to join a Marxist so she cropped her hair, slipped on the obvious: without wasting time, study group — but finally did not some men's wear, made like a man they headed for the Seychelles. Flee­ attend because the lecturer of the and joined a hardy pioneer column ing the "floods", the two students group, Michael Harmel, had been headed north. She stayed twelve stopped ofl' briefly at Capetown to buy placed under 24-hour house arrest, years, then Fanny made for France. a yacht called the Armageddon. By tvenlually in 1963, Ludi said, Jean Last week she was in Nice — but in last week they had almost made it Middleton invited him to join the hospital, a penniless old woman, 95, lo the Seychelles. A bit of trouble, Communist Party, which he did. He and nursing a fractured hip. That was however, when the Armageddon got became a member of a cell, took the too bad, for as the first white woman grounded by low tides in the shallows code name Harry. He compiled a ever to settle in SR, "Billy" Panouse off Mozambique. report immediately after his first cell was a celebrity. The Rhodesia Herald meeting and handed it to the police. agreed and last week was busy trying The newest blueblood Double game. The Party, Ludi alleged, to drum up some kind of Pioneer's African leaders take their titles where had been organised on a cell basis with pension. "To her the Rhodesian de­ they find them. Zambian President only one person acting as a contact cade may be only a faintly remem­ Kenneth Kaunda lifted an honorary with higher organs such as the district bered episode of adventure," said the doctor's degree earlier this year in the and central committee. At no time Herald, brushing back a tear. "That US, has been Dr Kaunda ever since. was he supposed to mention the Party is no reason not to show her that Last week the Republic of Ireland by name, but only as the "family". He present day Rhodesians are grateful did him one better, elected Dr Kaunda had continued to take part in the for the courage shown by her and by the Earl of Thomond at a ceremony activities of his cell right up until the the likes of her in those long-ago at Bunratty Castle near Limerick. time that other members were arrested days." While they did the new black Earl of under 90-days in the middle of this Thomond right royal at old Bunratty, year. During this time he had helped everybody took the ceremonies liter­ the Special Branch keep an eye on ally with a pinch of salt — the salt Party activity in several ways. ostensibly for good luck. A He had arranged for the Security Branch to rent a post box in the name Love and lobola of J. C. Evans when he had been For five years the lovers corresponded approached by the Party to obtain a regularly in Fanagalo and with little box for their mail. This had allowed drawings. This week the long wait the Pohce to read all mail the Party ended, as Norah Ngcamu prepared to received before passing it on. fly to join Joseph Berckenbosch in -k He had managed to induce Jean Brussels, Belgium. They had con­ Middleton to part with a top-secret tended with many unusual difficulties, directive and had given this to the among them the birth of an illegitimate Police. It was photostated and returned child in Southafrica — and the tradi­ to Ludi, who passed it back to tional paying of lobola, a matter taken Middleton. seriously by Norah's father. The price •k At several cell meetings Ludi had of R300 was "a bit more than nor­ tape-recorded the talk. This had in­ mal," commented the broker, "but her cluded meetings in his car, which had old father drove a hard bargain." been fitted with an electronic device to record conversations. The tapes Aisles and garden paths were now in police hands. It was almost romantic. The two key Uncovering the nndercoveis. Ludi said DIETRICH State witnesses at the recent sabotage that his role as a police agent had Something's coming, something good trials, Adrian Leftwich, 24, and once almost been unmasked, when he Lynette van der Riet, 25, planned to had been taxed with letting slip infor­ The magic dragons round it off in marriage. Or so the mation about a certain meeting. But With their tour banned by the reports read. But at least Lynette was he had been able to persuade his Musicians' Union, the Rolling Stones being evasive. "Use your common- fellow Party members that he had done will not be gathering moppets in sense," she urged a reporter last week. this while still an undisciplined Com­ Southafrica. But some exciting, if "Here I am in Capetown and Adrian munist, and the explanation had been ageing moppets will be gathering big is in jail in Pretoria." Will she or accepted. Ludi also sowed mutual crowds instead. Expected over the won't she? If her father had his way, suspicion of members and heard about coming few months are the indes- hardly. "Leftwich led my daughter suggested sabotage and murder — tructibles: Marlene Dietrich, Judy up the garden path," he grumbled. talk which "sent cold shivers down his Garland, Vera Lynn and Moira Lister. Clearly, he was not keen to have Left­ spine". But have Faith, Adam's coming too. wich lead Lynette up the aisle.

12 NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 to match the cash, the Red Chinese WORLD/CHECK lilliiliiiilillillllliliiiiiiilllllllliiiiliilillilllllllliliiiiiiillii have poured in some 30,000 blue-clad Chinese workers instead. Engaged in almost every major construction pro­ CONSTRUCTION around the world nearly six times at the equator. Below the cables, leaping ject in Outer Mongolia, these busy Bridge of size gracefully across New York harbour workers have contributed dams, irri­ gation works, highways, bridges, New York is a city of superlatives, of for almost three miles, is a two-deck, twelve-lane highway. As New York factories, mills, and housing projects. skyscrapers — and bridges. Not readily Getting the cream . . . The rivalry realised is that New York is a city of City planners had it, the new bridge will go far to tidying up the city's has clearly helped the thinly popu­ waterways, with only the Bronx sited lated land of just over Im nomadic on the mainland. For the rest, the city's messy traffic jams. For with both decks completed, the bridge will carry 48m people who roam a vast area that five boroughs are linked up by twenty- would take in France, Germany, Italy two main bridges. Among the most vehicles a year. Yet last week, with only a single deck opened, motorists and Holland. Russian and Chinese famous: the Brooklyn Bridge and the aid largely built the capital, Ulan George Washington, described by wanting a fast drive over the giant bridge should have taken the ferry. As Bator, a city of wide avenues and famed architect Le Corbusier as "the smart new apartment and government most beautiful bridge in the world . . . the sun shone in a cloudless sky, bands played and cannons rolled and flags buildings. Impressive daily reminders it gleams in the sky like a reversed of what foreign aid can do are arch." Last week, with its opening, the fluttered. But thousands of motorists were jammed up for four hooting, scattered throughout the city in the greatest bridge of them all took its form of a new post office, a large place among New York's famous tooting hours. links. Named after a little known Florentine pirate who was the first European to sail into New York Bay, in 1524, the Verrazano Narrows Bridge, the world's longest suspension bridge, connects Brooklyn with Staten Island. First car across was a pale blue Cadillac con­ vertible flapping with flags and cram­ med with young men in rented tuxedos. They had parked at the Staten Island toll-gate all week for the honour. Soaring, everlasting. The Verrazano Narrows Bridge meisures out a sweep­ ing 4,260 feet, and is sixty feet longer than the Golden Gate Bridge at San Francisco. Though some wanted the bridge painted golden, designer Othar H. Ammann insisted that it be "the colour of atmosphere and water." He wanted the giant bridge to be as inconspicuous as possible. It is grey. NEW YORK'S IVEVV VERR.AZANO N.\RROWS BRIDCE Hardly inconspicuous, whatever the Ammann, a miisi colour, the Verrazano Narrows span library, a 15,000-seat soccer stadium, was first tentatively sketched by master OUTER MONGOLIA hospitals and modern schools and bridge engineer Ammann in 1954. It How to be a frontier technical colleges. There, instead of has taken ten years, 12,000 workers Who would give a plate of booz, a soaking up Buddhism and Tibetan and something less than the estimated shaggy dogskin coat or a ride on a astrology from lamas, the students are R232m to build — and left Ammann reindeer* for Outer Mongolia? Russia taking in mathematics, physics, a slight, slim but straight man of and Red China would. Though in chemistry and modern languages. eighty-five. He insists his profession some ways as remote as Outer Space, Everywhere there are signs of change. is a matter of aesthetics, a subtle art no territory is geographically more "In forty years, a leap forward from that combines sweeping good looks directly implicated in the Sino-Soviet the Middle Ages to the modern era," with technical expertise. And Amman dispute than Outer Mongolia. It has is how bespectacled Premier Yumajin must have needed all he had of the no choice. For Outer Mongolia, a Tsendenbal describes Outer Mongolia's latter. It is reckoned that winter cold sprawling land of high winds, plains resurgence. will cause the steel suspension cables and the Gobi Desert, lies deep in . . . from the sweat. True enough, to contract and lift the centre span central Asia, landlocked and wedged much has changed since the Middle ten feet higher than on a warm day, in between the two Communist giants: Ages, when Mongolia's hero-kings and high winds could cause the span and the evidence of the involvement Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan to bulge out from the straight by 14 of both is easy to find. Russia and pushed hard-riding hordes to the feet. its East European allies have poured Danube and the Indian Ocean. But an impressive R200m into Outer Outer Mongolia remains in transition Jamming, snarling. For statisticians Mongolia, and since they were unable the bridge is a feast. It weighs all of still, a crazy patchwork of old and 1,265,000 tons (against the Empire •Booz is a favourite MongoUan meal. (Spice new. Camels are hitched alongside iniitton with onion or garlic, wrap into a Russian limousines in Ulan Bator. State Building's 365,000), while the ball of dough and then cook in steam.) Dojfskin coats are common to the country, And in the shadows of new apartment pencil-thin wires used to spin its four while reindeer serve as surefooted mountam giant supporting cables would wrap transiport. blocks lie encampments of yurts —

NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 13 the traditional, portable circular tents of thick layers of felt stretched over light wooden frames, in which Mon­ golians have lived for centuries. Inside, as in the days of the Khans, they still wine on fermented cow's milk and dine on sheep intestines EVERY stuffed with dried blood and butter delicately sharpened with yak urine. DROP Herdsmen make up fully 60% of the population, still lead an age-old, simple and rough life tending their FRENCH 22.5m cattle. Though Russian geolo­ gists have discovered reputedly rich deposits of copper, fluoride, wolfram, manganese, tin and zinc, Mongolian industry remains primarily based on processing animal by-products, skins and milk. The path to travel. In just fifteen years Premier Tsendenbal is determined coo'i^AcZ ... ever to change all that. He aims to "speed up the tempo and turn the country since from an agrarian-industrial one to an 1715 industrial-agrarian one." Here the Sino-Soviet dispute has proved handy. But the same dispute that accelerates Outer Mongolia's progress can equally well crush it. For the country has survived precariously enough since the day it won independence in 1921 when, with Russian aid, Chinese officials were chased out of the coun­ try. The "People's Revolutionary" Government put down several up­ risings and only in 1945, after a plebiscite more or less dictated by the Yalta conference, did Nationalist China yield its claims. Consolidation. Though the regime in China has since changed, the Russians have put their head start in Outer Mongolia to good use — and remained consistently ahead. The country's siTiall, reputedly efficient army of 40,000 men is Russian-trained and equipped. The national newspaper, Unen, apes Moscow's Pravda right to its name — both words mean "truth". The Mongolians adopted the Russian Cyrillic alphabet as early as 1946, and other signs of Russian influence are everywhere in the architecture of Ulan Bator. The Mongolians also feel close to Lenin, as some of them put it, 'because he had Mongolian blood on his mother's side." The gravity of gambling. Risking all, the Outer Mongolians have re- remained intensely loyal to this in­ Do you have a Highly Esteemed Friend in StocKholmT fluence and to Russia. Ulan Bator Or Nevr York? Or Hong Kong? Wherever he is, you can arrange has repeatedly condemned its Peking- for a gift bottle of Martell Cognac Biiindy, Franse's Finest, lining counterpart in Europe, Albania. to be delivered to him for Christmas. Delivery is Free of Charge. It has charged Red China's Com­ Write lor full dcuai to B. W. Sedgwick ft Co. (Pty) Ltd., 28 St. George's Street. Cape Tawo. munists with "deep moral decay" and slated Peking's attacks on Ru.ssia as "groundless and malicious." The re­ sult has not been hard to follow. The steady deterioration in relations be­ tween Red China and Outer Mongolia

14 NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 erupted earlier this year in street Nathuram Godse, the fanatic assassin Soviet bloc refuses to bend to an clashes with the Chinese labour force. of Mahatma Gandhi in 1948. But advisory opinion of the International Reportedly, Mongolians feared that though the Pope's visit evoked anger, Court of Justice in 1961 which held the Chinese were brewing a coup it generated enthusiasm too, and thou­ that assessments for the two peace­ d'etat aimed at axeing Tsendenbal and sands of pilgrims poured into Bombay. keeping forces do fall within Article replacing him with leaders more Many will sleep in the streets, and to 19. Russia alone owes arrears totalling friendly to Peking. control the crowds, the city has ordered R39m; other Soviet bloc arrears range An uneasy land. Whatever the truth, out 19,000 policemen. from a R872,000 debt by Rumania to Tsendenbal decided to repatriate What it means. Occasion for the Papal R5m owed by the Ukranian SSR. thousands of the Chinese workers. He trip is the 38th Eucharistic Congress, Squirming by the bool(. Almost since also dashed off a strongly worded pro­ held in the city that, with 320,000 the day Russia swept aside its pay­ test, even implied a break in diplo­ Catholics, is the citadel of Catholicism ments obligations, the UN has been matic relations unless Red China for India's 6Jm flock. Already equip­ hard put to find a way out. For while halted its "illegal activities." To re­ ped for the ceremonies was the Oval, neither the US nor Russia are over- place the urgently needed workers, a vast public meeting place bordered concerned with the amounts at stake, Russia sent in several thousand tech­ with palm trees, now dominated by a both are deeply committed to the nicians and skilled men. For as huge altar and a 120-foot high cross. principles. Unless the Soviet bloc Russia's last Asian ally in the dispute Climax to the festivities will be the pays up, the US is determined to with Red China, Outer Mongolia consecration by Paul VI of five new apply Article 19 and drum Soviet bloc stands in a peculiarly strong position bishops and the ordination of 200 votes out of the General Assembly. to require and even demand Russian priests. Pushed and pummeled during Russia has threatened to walk out of aid. But it still remains, unenviably, his Holy Land tour earlier this year, the UN — and possibly ruin the no more than a huge buffer immedi­ the Pope could have few illusions. It organisation — in retaliation. So far ately between two great powers. And promised to be a busy, bruising few all efforts aimed at a compromise have should the Sino-Soviet rift ultimately days. But like the Council, the trip was failed. And the postponement of the lead to an armed clash, the Outer Mon­ another symbol of the Church's General Assembly's opening session golians will be the first to both notice creaking entry into the 20th century. to this week has only delayed what and regret it. seems to be an inevitable US-Soviet bloc crunch over payments. Trying by hook. Among others, UN THE VATICAN Secretary-General U Thant has tried hard to fashion a compromise. As The Papd pilgrim the two-year period under Article 19 For Paul VI it had been a busy year, ran out earlier this year the mild- a busy month. This week looked like mannered little Burmese flew to being one of his busiest yet. With a Moscow. He packed both an ornate session of the Ecumenical Council, silver bowl gift for then Premier Vatican II, ended last month, he was Khrushchev and some words of plead­ due by jet this week at Bombay's ing. But the Secretary-General left Santa Cruz airport, the first Pope ever Moscow minus the silver bowl and any to journey into Asia. Behind him were impression "that the Soviet Union is months crammed with important prepared to change its policy in this debate and decision for Catholics matter." U Thant flew to Washing­ everywhere. A fierce conflict between ton, hoped to find President Johnson conservative and progressive Church more tractable. With the US Presi­ leaders during the ten-week Council dential election only weeks away, how­ session had thrown up far-reaching ever, and a 351-0 mandate by the US changes in the 2,000-year-old structure House of Representatives urging of Catholicism. Among the decisions POI'E P.AUL VI tough measures under Article 19, the were: a plan for bishops to share Bombs away in Bombay President was in no mood to weaken. administrative authority collectively Final countdown. Last week, as fresh with the Pope, impinging on the age- THE UN compromise proposals softened neither old doctrine of Papal pre-eminence; a Payment's and principles party's stand, U Thant was still plead­ plan for worldwide Christian unity; Article 19 of the UN Charter reads: ing. "I hope that we might see an and a provisional declaration that "A member ... in arrears . . . shall end to the financial crisis the UN has could absolve the Jews of the centuries- have no vote in the General Assembly seen in recent years," he stated in his old charge of deicide. The latter deci­ if the amount of its arrears equals or annual report. With the trace of a sion immediately sparked off Arab exceeds the amount of the contribu­ grumble showing through, the Secre­ outbursts. In retaliation, Jordan last tions due from it for the preceding tary-General also noted that "all week threatened to bar all prelates who two full years." For over two years member governments seem to me had voted for the declaration from the now the Soviet bloc at the UN has agreed on the common objective of Holy Places. steadfastly refused to pay for peace­ strengthening the UN." What of it? No less unpopular with keeping UN operations in the Gaza Despite this squabble, it seems hard fanatic Hindu extremists was the Strip and Congo. Consistently, the to imagine that the mammoth organ­ Pope's Bombay visit. It would be, they Soviet bloc has argued that the opera­ isation, imperfect but extremely useful claimed, a religious invasion of India. tions, largely set up by the General still to both the US and Russia, will As anti-Catholic slogans went up on Assembly, were illegal. For, so runs be allowed to founder. Yet, with both walls, police rounded up extremists in the argument, only the Security Coun­ super-powers laying national prestige a precautionary measure. Among those cil and not the General Assembly has along the line, the opening session arrested was Gopal Godse, brother of the requisite authority. And the promised to be the UN's roughest ever.

NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 15 represented all factions of the people. AFRICA ;iiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!ii:iiii!;iiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiim^^^^^^^^^ The heart of the matter. The General was right, and this is likely to be half TANZANIA ment to leave them alone. the trouble with the new government. The insidious ousting of productive Each faction is going to press its Something wrong somewhere white farmers from East Africa does claims and expect to be listened to. Already Arab nationalists among the Johannes Kloppers is a 56-year-old not measure up in any way. For countries dependent on agricultural Sudanese have won a minor victory farmer who was born and bred in in getting the government to prohibit Tanganyika. His parents had emigrated exports it is disastrous; it goes flatly against announced official policy too; the landing of British military planes there from Southafrica, and he him­ carrying arms and troops to the hard- self was a police officer for some time it makes nonsense of African claims to be non-racial. But in the final analysis pressed South Arabian Federation that before settling down on a farm with Britain is shoring up. The Communists his wife and two children. As a citizen it perhaps is only a matter of ignorance and jealousy compounding chaos. And have been equally successful. For the of the country, he had taken out a first time in six years the daily Al Tanzanian passport, and last month many people will merely shrug: "I told you so." •^•^idan will appear on the streets giving sent it in for renewal. No passport was "The official views of the Communist returned. Instead, Kloppers was served SUDAN Party on all main questions today with a notice giving him 48 hours to affecting the Sudan". A second pro- pack up and leave the country. State­ The General goes Communist daily, AI Taliya. is due to less, without travel documents, the Once started on their revolution, the go to press shortly. There is a Com­ Kloppers waited on the Zambian Sudanese under the National Front munist in the government as Minister border for nine days while British government of Sirr el Khatim el Khalifa of the Working Class, and a commis­ officials worked to provide them with have flailed about in an attempt to sion is to be set up to inquire into valid papers. Finally, Klopper and his satisfy everybody all the time. This, of fortunes made during the rule of the family moved on, and are to find a course, is with the exception of the military junta. Like almost every home in Southafrica. No reasons were discredited officials of the ruling African state the Sudan has economic given for Kloppers' deportation from military junta which the National Front troubles; the problem will be to en­ his country of birth, though Kloppers had pushed out into the cold. After courage investment and aid — especi­ guesses that it might be something to the purge of high-ranking officers who ally for the desert north on either side do with his work as a policeman before could not be depended on not to start of the Nile. With Communists in the Tanganyikan independence. a counter-revolution of their own, the government this is going to be tricky. The official side. Taken alone, this The West is already feeling the cool incident might merely be considered breeze of disapproval. The old days an exception that hits hard only one when the Generals sat back and re­ individual family, a chance whim of fused involvement in cold war affairs the authorities that must not obscure are definitely over. the overall image of a young nation struggling to gain its feet. But there is Never on Sunday. Besides the Com­ more to it than that. This deportation munists, the new government is going comes at a time when 56 European all out to placate sentiment in the farms have been confiscated by the pagan and Christian South where Tanzanian government, on the alleged black Sudanese have for years been grounds that the land was not being harbouring grudges against the old fully exploited. Hence, the explanation regime's Islamisation policy. Sunday runs, the Europeans must go and make in the South is to replace Friday as the way for land-hungry Africans, whom official day of rest, Christmas Day has the whites are doing out of their birth­ been proclaimed an official holiday. right. This situation is not unique to But as these have all been stop-gap Tanzania. In Kenya whites have been measures to maintain national unity, a pushed out of the so-called White coherent policy can not emerge until Highlands on this pretext as well. the promised national elections have Disheartening picture. Put in that light, been held and the voters have returned the action of the Kenyan and Tangan­ their verdict. Until then, and only then, yikan governments is at least under­ will the rickety structure that is the standable, if not altogether consistent SUD.-\\'S \EW I'M KHALIFA present government be replaced with with their official attitude of non- A General (Rtd.) something more durable. racialism. But is even this the truth? venerable President of the Sudan, It seems not. While the whites are General Ibrahim Abboud, was next to TRIBES being shoved out of Tanzania, their feel the axe. He was shunted out of his Trouble in Tivland land is being allowed to lie fallow. Far job and retired to private life in the One thing the Tiv people of the from Africans moving in to take up face of popular demand that he must Nigerian north-east are proud of is where the whites left off, the farms are go. Talk is that the General — a most their genealogy. They will, given returning to the bush. In Kenya, where unusual statesman — did so with the encouragement, quote up to eighteen the Highlands (not even the country's utmost willingness, and that in spite of generations of ancestors going back to best land) were the prime target of the his long rule he had all along been the original Tiv — a figure whom African nationalists, thousands of acres pining for the Sudanese equivalent of some of his descendants consider to are ignored, left utterly untouched, a quiet country cottage. He certainly have been one of Adam's two sons. while farmers are constantly warned left with no recriminations but told the The other son, obviously enough, that only keeping their farms at full country in a broadcast that he was is thought to have been the "father of productivity will persuade the govern- satisfied that the new government all strangers". In the past the Tiv were

16 NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 17 11 NtWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER I9M

The secret from Scotland's past

the drink that satisfies -* more inclined to fight one another than but by the dominant people of the neighbouring tribes, in spite of a com­ Northern Region — the Muslim mon pride in their ancestry. A feature Hausa-Fulani. EX AFRICA of this independence was that no single Running wild. Trouble, which under chief ever governed the whole Tiv, but the British had been averted, now Niamey, Niger ruled over only one section. Pagans became likely. Last week, after months Pan-African unity, the dream that whose judicial system rested on "trial of sporadic violence, the Tiv ran riot absorbs the waking hours of by sasswood" (cups of poison adminis­ in a burst of arson, pillaging and Ghana's President Kwame tered by the local witchdoctor), they murder. The flare-up, according to one Nkrumah, is making little con­ were the last people of modern Nigeria central government official, was not crete progress. Typical of the to be put under the Pax Britannica. just political, it was "backwardness". non-enthusiasts is Niger's Presi­ A colonial puzzle. At first the British In tones that smacked of their colonial dent Hamani Diory, who last were confounded when they encount­ predecessors, the central regime com­ week accepted the credentials of ered the Tiv. Because they lacked a plained that it was all very well that the new Ghanaian Ambassador central authority, the Tiv were no easy the government gave the Tiv modem to his country with these words: subject for the colonising power to facilities, but what was the use when "We believe that the diversity of practise "indirect rule" on, and the they just burned them down again. The peoples, traditions and regimes, British had a hard time persuading trouble is worsened by the approach the vastness of the land and of nation-wide federal elections, so insufficient media of communi­ that the government is being harried cation do not allow the creation from all sides over mismanagement of — without any transistion — of the Tiv affair. Meanwhile, with troops a unified political regime." going in to quell the riots, the problem is more than just a passing tiff with Paris, France the Tiv. The growing cultural interaction between Africa and Europe is once again underlined by the FOREIGN RELATIONS award of the Prix Goncourt, France's premier literary prize, to One step forward, two steps back a novel based on the African Africa is a cartographer's nightmare. experiences of the author, No sooner were its countries staked Georges Conchon. Entitled L'Etat out by the rival European Powers, Sauvage (The Savage State), it than they had to be re-jigged and re­ is the second book dealing with named in the era of independence. African situations that has won And then the independent nations the Prix Goncourt. The other began to cast their eyes around and was the recent Roots of Heaven complain about the colonial heritage. by Romain Gary. Continuously boundaries come up for consideration as numerous countries Nouakchott, Mauritania press claims to their neighbour's land. This Southafrica-sized state on The one voice of moderation has been the bulge of Africa, with the that of Tanzania's Julius Nyerere, lowest density population in who has said that the colonial borders Africa (only 800,000 people all should be accepted, unsatisfactory as told), will be Africa's next one- they may be. Otherwise there would party state. The government A TIV WOMAN never be an end to the whole sorry under President Moktar Ould The high Tor story of claim and counterclaim. So Daddah is to legislate a measure far Africa's leaders have paid scant to make the ruling Mauritanian them to accept one overall chief. Only attention to this dictum. Among the People's Party the only political in 1946 did the Tiv accept this, and hardy African perennials that came force in the country. even then the head chief, or Tor Tiv, up for an airing last week were: came into office with none of the * The uneasy dispute between Ghana Bamako, Mali traditional trappings that surround the and neighbouring Togo, a sliver of a The line that runs along the emirs and obas of the other Nigerian country that runs the length of southern end of the Saharan tribes. Ghana's eastern border. For three desert and cleaves Africa into an A sniff from others. Clannish and years the border between the two Arab north and a black south indifferent to the new ways of the West countries has been closed, mainly on promises to be one of the conti­ which their fellow-countrymen were account of Ghanaian President Kwame nent's most divisive factors. clamouring for, the Tiv just carried on Nkrumah's ambitions to absorb Togo. Already the Arabs have canvas­ in the old fashion. Their women still (He has gone as far as proposing that sed support for their feud against scarred their bodies in the elaborate Ghana and Dahomey form a Union, the Israelis among the black patterns that attract Tiv men if nobody thereby swallowing tiny Togo be­ African leaders. One who came else; the men worked hard on their tween the two countries.) Last week out on their side last week was ancient plots of land. Even for as talks were announced to discuss the Mali's President Modibo Keita. underdeveloped a country as Nigeria, question. The first glimmer of light But other Africans, with whom the Tiv region was a known backwater, on the matter, these discussions may the Israeli's among the black and the tribesmen were considered lead to the resumption of cordial re­ relations and entered into aid backward by even their neighbours. lations. But that is still in the future. programmes, are not likely to be Independence came as no sudden T*r Somalia's avowed aim to unite all as eager as Keita in lining up blessing to the Tiv, who were now Somalis in a "Greater Somalia" looks with the Arab cause. ruled not by impartial colonial officials

NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 19 like cropping up again a.s the new session of the United Nations opens :«5«^S««»j;S»5«^^«««JK??5«5S^^ in New York. Although marred by the continuing raids of Somali shifta into Kenya's north-eastern region, the relations between Kenya and Somalia have been unusually free from tension I While you enjoy your for the past few months. But in the face of Kenya's strengthened deter­ mination to hold on to the north-east (because of a possibility of finding oil there) the row might flare up again. Somalia, too, is likely to press its claims before the UN forum to the rk enclave of French Somaliland, the one remaining African territory still under French administration. Yet others. These two territorial dis­ putes are not new, and could remain to plague hopes of African unity for some time. Moreover, other incidents, also touching neighbourly questions, arose to add spice to relations between African countries. One was the deepening of a dispute that broke out last month between the West African states of Niger and Dahomey. The remember latter country, Niger charged, was aiding subversive elements who aimed the other things that are brighter with bitters to topple Niger's legally - elected government. In reply, Dahomey's Premier Justin Ahomadegbe alleged that on the contrary it was armed men from Niger who were carrying out subversion in Dahomey. Unwill­ PINK GIN SALADS ing to take this sitting down, Niger retorted that it had documentary evi­ dence that Dahomey was "not opposed" to allowing itself to be used as a base for subversion. In short, 5 generous dashes of Add 4 dashes Angos­ the whole thing was another dispute Angostura in a glass tura to each cup of in which the rights and wrongs are with ice. Add a tot of Mayonnaise or salad never likely to be known, much less gin . . . and iced water dressing (And always amended. to taste. Perfection I to fruit salads I) Cabinet outs. Secondly, the leader­ ship crisis down south in Malawi took BAKED APPLES GRAVY a new turn when the ex-ministers sacked in Prime Minister Kamuzu Banda's recent purge denounced an alleged Banda deal with the Portu­ guese authorities. This, the dissidents Place cored apples in Add Interest to roasts I declared, was for Malawi to absorb buttered baking tin. 3 Enrich your gravy a strip of Mozambique territory to the dashes of Angostura coast in the far north. In return for with 2-4 dashes of inside each apple. this Banda would recognise Mozam­ Sprinkle with brown Angostura, for extra- bique's status as a province of Portu­ sugar. Bake. exciting flavour. gal. Malawi would gain a much- needed outlet to the sea, and Mozam­ bique would gain a buffer state under Africa's most lukewarm Pan-Afri- canist. This, the ex-ministers charged, would frustrate Africa's aim of liberating the territory from Portu­ guese domination. The story has •* aromatic bitters •• ^ a ring of truth about it, for it would South African Representatives: be a personal triumph for Banda and E. W. Sedgwick & Co (Pty ) Ltd P 0 Box 978. Cape Town. a tremendous advantage for Malawi to gain such a strip of land. But the Portuguese would be in no hurry to hand over to Banda a territory that

NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 20 they can themselves defend with ease. Tombouctou or Timbuktu. Knowledge Nevertheless, this allegation by of this place had filtered through from Banda's ex-colleagues shows that it Arab sources, and by the beginning of at least might have entered the Prime the last century European powers Minister's mind to conclude such a — particularly England and France — deal. In anywhere but Africa, this were ready and raring to go. By the would be a reasonable step. In pre- 1820s the rivalry had been intensified .sent circumstances, however, it would by the offer of large sums of money spell Banda's removal to the special to the first man to reach Timbuktu African hell that has hitherto been and report back. AUT0-4X reserved solely for such devils (in the Shattered illusion. First to arrive at Pan-Africanist gallery) as Congolese Timbuktu was a Briton, Major Gordon Premier Moise Tshombe. Lang, who trekked across the Sahara Smm Zoom from Tunis, leaving behind a wife he CITIES had been married to for three days. Movie Camera Dreams in the desert sand But Lang, who scorned disguise, never returned to tell Europe of his adven­ // / were a cassowary tures. He was murdered by suspicious On the plains of Tinihiictoo, tribesmen outside the city, and his I would eat a missionary, papers fell into the hands of a jealous Cassock, hands, and hymn-book too. French consul in Tunis. That was in Bishop Samuel Wilberforce, 1826. Two years later an impoverished 1805-1873. Frenchman succeeded where Lang Ironically, by the time that the legend failed. Rene Caille set rut disguised as of the mysterious city of Timbuktu was a Muslim, crossed the desert smd after spreading round Europe, this Saharan months of travel came in sight of his centre had long gone into decline. But goal. He had expected some city out of the Arabian Nights, some thriving African metropolis, the centre of a strange civilisation. He was to be disappointed. "It is nothing but a mass of ill-looking houses, built of eurth ... I found it neither so large nor so populous as I had expected: its com­ merce is not so considerable as fame has reported." These impressions he brought back to Europe, and many people denounced him as a fraud who had never really seen the place. He died embittered, but his words were borne out by every successive traveller to Timbuktu. Seventy years ago a French column pushing east from Senegal conquered Timbuktu. In its wake came a French journalist, Felix Dubois, who wrote a famous (in its time) book about the city. He echoed Caille: "Ailing streets, dying streets, dead streets," was his terse description of Timbuktu that later appeared in his book. Low beginnings. In truth, Europe had come two centuries too late. Timbuktu had originally been founded around the beginning of the 11th century by wandering Tuaregs as a camping place STREET IN TIMBUKTU in the summer. The story goes that Ailing, dying, dead they left behind to look after the camp a brash, expanding Europe was not to a female slave called Tombouctou — know this, in fact probably did not the mother with the big navel — from R130(wit h case) want to know this. For 19th century whom the name of the city derives. Europe lived as much on ignorance as But Timbuktu soon outgrew its [§E) Write for a fuHy illustrated on the romantic myths which drove its origins as a resting place, and because brochure in colour to: men out over the world, first as of its situation near where the vast explorers, then as conquering powers. waters of the Niger River touch the Photo Agencies (PTY.) LTD., And none of the reports from the Dark Ferranla House, Cnr. Simmondsand Kerk Sts. southern fringes of the desert, it Johannesburg P.O. Box 3916 Phone 838-1381 Continent were as alluring as those became a meeting place for the river which told of a fabled city situated trade of the south and the camel somewhere beyond the wastes of the caravans of the north. From the Sahara — a city known variously as Mahgreb to the north came Moors and

NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 21 Tuarcgs trading in dates, salt and the polished goods of Arab civilisation. From the Songhai and Bambara peoples to the east and west came staple foods, gold — and slaves. By the 16th century the Songhai had gained dominance and built an empire with Timbuktu as one of its flourishing centres. This was the city's heyday, as trade, scholars and peoples from all around converged. The Songhai were Muslims, and the Cadi or Judge of Timbuktu was their most respected figure. The temptation. Rich, Timbuktu was an attractive prize. In 1591 a Moorish expedition whipped over the desert and took the city for themselves. From then on Timbuktu went into a slow decline, as the Moorish rulers, or Anna as they were known, sat on the wealth withm the walls, and Tuaregs beyond the gates held to ransom the caravans coming to trade. From a high of over 100,000 inhabitants, Timbuktu's population dropped and dropped. By the time that lEuropeans were becoming interested, Timbuktu was just another crumbling ghost town of the desert. Something about it. Since then Tim­ buktu has undergone scant change. But the magic of the name lingers, and brings in its annual quota of American tourists fitting it into an hour or so of their tight schedule. The houses, built mainly of mud, stand in long rows, while the dust of encroaching Saharan dunes reduces the view to a blurred grey scene. Summer storms periodically cause a few of the buildings to collapse into mud castles. Precious little of historical value remains, except the presence of the diverse peoples who have haunted the city for centuries. Blue-veiled Tuareg But which wine? is this Blue Nun still stalk the streets, and timid Bela tribesmen have not altogether shaken you're giving us, you young rascal? Thought off their psychological conditioning to a state of slavery to fiercer tribes. I recognised the label... Good. Sets the chef's Activity centres on the market places efforts off perfectly. Roscoe likes it too, don't and around the canal that leads to the Niger River, ten miles to the south. you? Of course, he does live on fish... A time to change? But winds other than the harmattan — the dry Saharan But don't let that worry you... just keep breeze — are beginning to blow about pouring. Right through the meal, m'boy, the place. Situated in the independent republic of Mali, Timbuktu is begin­ right through the meal! ning to change, and now has Soviet- built lorries rumbling along the old camel tracks. Mobile schools chase the nomadic Tuaregs with the modem BLUE NUN STILL AND SPARKLING LIEBFRAUMILCH message of education. "Political South African Representatives: awareness" is fostered; age-old Muslim E. W. Sedgwick & Co. (Pty.) Ltd., P.O. Box 978, Cape Town, values make way for the secular demands of the new socialist state. Yet these changes are only superficial, and with the indifference of age, Timbuktu still goes about living — in its own time, at its own pace.

NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 FOCUS ON: LOUIS LEAKEY

T^HE challenge of African discovery Leakey went up to Cambridge and in a remarkable degree brought stayed there from 1922 to 1926, study­ forward remarkable men to meet it. ing archaeology — with a side trip on In many of the men who came to a British Museum expedition to probe its potential and lay bare its southern Tanganyika in search of secrets, this continent unlocked in dinosaurs. At Cambridge Leakey turn a spirit of robust dedication —• also chose the Kikuyu language as a even derring-do — which singled them subject, but since no expert in it out for world recognition, far beyond could be found to examine him, he what could be expected of their first had to teach his examiner. small numbers. This pattern, which Back in his native East Africa, Leakey dominated Africa in the last century, began his archaeological career in was followed in this by a generation earnest, and during the next decade LOUIS, MARY LEAKEY AND ANCIENT of outstanding scientists, who also did and in the course of four major FKIEND not merely survey the emptiness that expeditions laid the foundations of Accepting Afrial's ciiaUcnge was African knowledge, but sprang prehistoric research in that area. for science. For from them Leakey forward to fill it. As much as any Meanwhile he married Mary Douglas, has proved that East Africa was one other pioneers who set foot in Africa, herself a scientist of note, and together of the true cradles of Man, and at the they brought to their task an amazing the two became a formidable research same time added immensely to Man's versatility and, paradoxically, a well- team. understanding of his heritage. nigh Victorian sense of purpose. No desert island. Looking back now, East African ranks. Most noteworthy But the war caught up with Leakey, sitting in his fossil-packed office in among these scientists have been those and because of his intimate knowledge Nairobi, white-maned Dr Leakey re­ who tackled the kindred fields of of Kenya and its peoples, he was put calls that it was the year 1924 which anthropology and palaeontology, and in charge of the African section of the provided him with his first real break, specifically searched for Early African Special Branch. By then he had and this was not to do with the Man. Among the leaders have been a become Director of Nairobi's Coryn- Olduvai Gorge, the site of his most group of Southafricans — Dart, don Museum, and, faced with the famous finds. In that year, on Broom, Robinson, Brain — who, prospect of seeing his life's work a visit to Kenya from Cambridge, a delving in the wealth of their South- closing down, he made a plan to save friend brought him a number of rat african finds, came up with conclu­ it. Finding a man to run the Museum fossils which turned out to be relics sions about the origins and nature of by day, Leakey moonlighted from his of the Miocene Age, dating back 12m Man as startling as their new material. Intelligence job by night, and along years. These have since become But to the north, surveying the scienti­ with his wife continued to administer known as the Fort Ternan fossils, and fic treasure trove of the uplands of the Coryndon. He was determined to paved the way for Leakey's rise to East Africa, another leader has keep the Museum open during war­ fame. Two years later, he was by worked in the field, and though less time, and effectively used the argu­ chance on a Lake Victoria steamer known to Southafricans, he has gained ment that such a place was necessary which because of engine trouble had an equal amount of international re­ to provide some "cultural diversion" to change its schedule and pass nown. for the many troops stationed in Kenya Rusinga Island at the mouth of the during those years. Kavirondo Gulf by daylight instead of, as usual, by night. Whiling away Versatility and a sense of purpose Back to the bone. After the war the voyage, Leakey closely examined characterise Kenya's Dr Louis Leakey Leakey became Field Director for the the island's shoreline through field- as much as any other of Africa's great Coryndon, and it was in this capacity glasses. The formations he saw ex­ anthropologists. In fact, he began over the next 18 years that he made his cited him, and he noted Rusinga for taking an interest in fossils at the age major discoveries about the prehistory future investigation. But it was not of eleven, and two years later he de­ of Man which brought him world until five years later, in 1931, that he cided that the study of these early fame. (In 1962, finding his interests could undertake an expedition to remains would be his life's work. But too specialised, he retired from the Rusinga. The island, inhabited by then the young Leakey did not grow Museum to become Kenya's Director Luo farmers (Leakey remembers up like most boys. As the child of a of the Department of Prehistory and Rusinga-born Tom Mboya — Kenya's missionary family, he seldom had the Palaeontology, a post created, one present Justice Minister — running company of other white children on suspects, to provide just the niche for around there as a toto), proved to be the Church Missionary Society's a man like Leakey.) The odd speci­ a scientist's gold mine. Within a day station at Kabetc, outside Nairobi. mens which the 11-year-old Leakey of landing on it, Leakey unearthed There was no school for him to go to collected in the Kikuyu Reserve Proconsul Africanits, the ape-man anyway, and he was educated pri­ around the Kabete Mission back in whose skull aroused world-wide in­ vately, mainly by his missionary 1914 were the forerunners of one of terest. The Rusinga deposits were father. For the rest he grew up as a Africa's biggest collections of fossils determined as being 25m years old, Kikuyu, and only when he was seven­ and other clues to the continent's and before he had exhausted Rusinga teen did his parents decide he needed past. And the circumstances which it had yielded to the young scientist a broader education and pack him off had a man like Leakey grow up in more ape fossils than any other place to a public school in England. East Africa and there gather his vast has done since. Two jobs, four hands. From school array of material were indeed lucky

NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 23 p--- o

who put the missing gear into 6-cylinder motoring?

Zephyr— the car with the extra town 'n' country gear

Borrow a Zephyr 6 for )ust half an hour—and change your Ideas byways . . . wet, slippery high-ways . . . misty mountain tracks— about six-cylinder motoring, forever. you'll love the controlled command that Zephyr's "Town 'n' Why? Because the Zephyr 6 gives you the gear that's been rnissing Country" gear and improved" Wide-track" give you over your car. from six-cylinder motoring—the extra "Town 'n' Country" gear. But the "Town 'n' Country" gear is just one of the many extras you This wide-range gear—more powerful than top, faster than second don't pay for when you buy a Zephyr. You could spend another —opens up a new world of motoring pleasure . . . motoring ease pleasant half-hour counting up the others. Like the parking light ... motoring economy. system. Windshield washers. Two-speed wipers. Directional For instance. Try this dramatic test. Start up a Zephyr. IVlove off in air intake. Headlamp flasher. Macpherson suspension. Disc brakes. first gear. Switch to the wide-range "Town 'n' Country" third at Power braking. And a cavernous 22 cu. ft. boot. |ust7milesan hour! In fact, just about the only extra-cost option you can buy on a Then put your foot down and see what happens. Zephyr is the luxury overdrive which relaxes the engine to an econo­ Keep it there as the needle climbs .. .and climbs ... and climbs to a mical long-stepping stride as you idle along in the 80's. phenomenal 70 miles an hour. You still have a little way to go—and No wonder the Zephyrs have such a high resale value. you haven't used your top gear yet! You can own one for R2000, or complete with overdrive for just This makes it the ideal gear for in-city driving. You merely flick R2118—at th3 coast. the new "short-shifc" gear lever into "Town 'n' Country" third— And voij rion't pay a cent more for the extra gear. and leave it. You have the flexibility to slow down, and the power But, for only R55 extra, you can now get one of the for a quick pass. Zephyr 6 Sports that everyone is talking about. You also have the ideal gear tor difficult out-of-town conditions. Like long, steep winding passes with a slow car in front—too much of a strain for top . . . too hot and tiring for conventional inter­ mediate. Zenhyr's "Town 'n' Country" purrs along at a snail's M pacp-gives you the power and spoed for quick, safe overtaking when llie chance comes. On rough country roads . . . corrugated V Ul iJ Nfcw»Hi-- 6 NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 I I

US AND A [ • :, History is made at Olduvai. Acclaim had said, lying around in abundance spurred Leakey on to new grounds, at Olduvai. tM« A'hff't j'^ *«,, / K E f^ >' A and in the same year he came upon The Leakeys' best known — and most ,/ the Olduvai Gorge in Tanganyika — controversial — find at Olduvai was */• a site which had been given up by however their "neo-man" Zinjanthro- J German archaeologists as "worthless." piis*, which Mary Leakey discovered J- llllfflli Still, Olduvai was a German scientific in 1959. Having put it forward at first • Tort Tsfnso preserve, and it would have been un­ as a separate species, Leakey finally 1 **' '^^d^ *" NaifObi ifktm* ethical for Leakey to "poach" there. admitted that Zinjanthropiis was but j Ute f So he travelled to Berlin to make cousin of Southafrica's Aiistrolo- arrangements for a take-over. The pithecines. He has even gone so far as Plain. Germans, who had systematically to say that his Zinjanthropus skull was Olduvsi Gor8»0 ^ worked the site since 1913 but to a red-herring, that the species actually small avail, were only too happy to died out. But Leakey sticks to his oblige. guns over the more recent discovery of V', AN6ANVIKA- - i A N ? 1 8 * R • Thus Leakey and his wife came to the skull of a 12-year-old boy. found — Rift V»«ev -—.--. Olduvai, a thirty-mile-long, one-mile- near Zinjanthropus. This he has named wide gorge, whose layers of deposits, Homo hahilis, "able man" or "handy laid bare by the action of water, have man", because he says it is the oldest LEAKEY SITES IN E.4ST AFRICA turned out to be a veritable history known direct ancestor of man and had Man-hunting grounds book — chapter by chapter — of Early learned to make tools. He adds that his Man. Since late 1931 Mary and Louis fossils show that Homo hahilis was tion the plight of the Kikuyu with dwarf-like, a mere three to four feet regard to the land problem, a warning Leakey have made hundreds of trips which has since been heeded and to Olduvai, clocking in many thousands tall, but with a relatively large brain. Homo hahilis lived along the shores of embodied in Kenya's far-reaching land of man-hours, digging as well as reforms. literally stroking the soil with fine the great Central African Lake system, sable brushes so as not to disturb the 1.8m years ago. His large brain ren­ Convictions, Today, Leakey holds that faintest clue. Mrs Leakey herself made dered him capable of making not only had his warnings been listened to in crude tools but even rough shelters. time, there might have been no Mau many valuable discoveries (and also Mau rebellion. In particular he feels discovered another valuable Leakey Leakey's theory has been built up from the skull of the 12-year-old child that more attention should have been site, Olorgesailie, near Lake Magadi). given to continuity of administrative And now their son Jonathan is follow­ ("Dear Boy") and from the jaw and personnel — as against the policy of ing in their footsteps, combining brain case of a female companion close constantly changing officers lest they archaeological expeditions with catch­ by. Other clues were gathered from the became too sympathetic to the locals ing snakes for the Coryndon Museum. foot of an old woman, whom Leakey they were governing. Gorgeous finds. "I still don't know says was "suffering from arthritis." One other happening emerges strongly Double specialist. This intense pain­ from the chronicle of Leakey's rela­ staking work, this solid thought based tionship with the Kikuyu: his cousin on discovery and cogitation, point to Graham Leakey was buried alive in the very nature of Louis Bazett Sey­ 1956 on the slopes of Mount Kenya mour Leakey, world-famous palaeon­ by Mau Mau terrorists. And though tologist. But men of his breed are his kin died at their hands, Leakey nothing if not versatile. And Leakey is could not grow to hate the Kikuvu as nearly as well known for his knowledge a people. He still admires their quali­ in another field: few people know as ties and their leaders. Moreover, he much as he about Kenya's majority has long been working on a massive tribe, the Kikuyu, as he. It is a source tome about the Kikuyu tribe, a work of great pride to Leakey that he is a which so far has failed to find a blood brother of the Kikuyu. This publisher because of its great length came about when he was 13 and was — over 1,400 pages. ZINI.VNTHBOPOS RECONSTRUCTED admitted as an initiate. And even today Monuments. Though it may only be Tossed out of the cradle Leakey will not disclose the secret rites published after his death (he has made Olduvai thoroughly yet," maintains he underwent as part of this Kikuyu provision for this in his will), Leakey's Leakey, saying that until 1961 his work custom. study of the Kikuyu is yet another there was merely "preliminary". Yet With the close contacts he has main­ achievement of an energetic life. apart from human remains he has al­ tained since childhood, it is natural Alongside the Olduvai discoveries. ready found at Olduvai the remains that Leakey is so knowledgeable about Proconsul Africamts, the mounds of of no less than 152 mammals which fossils he has gathered in Nairobi and the Kikuyu. He speaks their language, his perspicacious writings about them, are today extinct — apart from rep­ according to him. "better than English" tiles and birds. But the human remains his study of a living people will stand and in 1935 was made a second-grade out as a fitting memorial to a most have proved the most exciting. Where Kikuyu elder, which gives him con­ the Germans declared that "there are versatile and purposeful man. And siderable prestige among the tribesmen. DTradoxically, his studies of ancient no tools to be found in the gorge and And even at the height of the Mau certainly no evidence at all of Man," man, lumbering awkwardlv towards Mau Emergency, Leakey never casti­ hiiman-ness. and of modem men Leakey has unearthed no less than gated all the Kikuyu — as did many elevent different stages of human cul­ •Jtumblins towards modern dienity. other whites — for the evil deeds of have a common validity. Both are ture. As for tools, the use of which the terrorists. Rather, he continued to differentiates Man from the various based on intuition backed by patient point out the mistakes of the colonial nnd obiective knowledge. anthropoidal mock-ups that preceded government and plead for understand­ him, they were, after all the Germans ing. In particular he brought to atten- •After Zinj the Arab name for East .\frica.

NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 25 DRAMA" STANLEYVILLE

THE DEAD ON LUMIMBA SQL'AHK A burn on the world's eyeball

26 NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 'T^HE town reeks of the sick smell papers. Said one of the last guide­ Ihey were the plantation masters of corpses, echoes with the bursts books that anyone felt could be issued and the cafe owners, the medical of shots of clearing up operations, is for the Congo: "The natives are loyal missionaries, nuns, priests, the hotel shuttered and barred where it is not and obedient" — and negligible. A employees, consular staffs, even child­ burst open and pillaged, maintains a tooth-brush moustached postal clerk, ren out from Europe on holiday. They few essential services like a feeble 11 years at his job, was as negligible had at first remained in a Stanleyville pulse. At the airport hangar a court as the rest, until he was caught with that for them was uneasily quiet, true is trying black soldiers, condemning his fingers in the till; but not so negli­ enough, but still quiet. Then the rebels IT. per cent of them and sending them gible when he came out of prison to began to gather them together, and the off to immediate execution. Stanley­ found a political party, the MNC. Americans and Belgians began to feel ville is horrible and grim, its streets Stanleyville became the ex-convict's the weight of the rebel's hatred of the almost empty but for the movement private preserve; as the events of last white man. Lumumba's ghost raised its of mercenaries and central government week clearly showed, the spirit of head, and men were beaten, women soldiers who move about the city Patrice Lumumba, the Stanleyville subjected to indignities. which is theirs; and even they do not clerk who made it to PM, still walks. By comparison, their lot was not any­ move like men at home in a town, thing as bad as that of Stanleyville's but must often dive for cover against black non-rebels. What the whites saw snipers who linger in houses and on of the war between blacks was horrible rooftops. This town — once the third rebels and the implacable jeunesses, largest city of the Congo and the the young rebel soldiers (often only capital of the Eastern Province — has 10/12 years old) who practice massacre witnessed in a week more horrors than as other children fly kites, killed off most towns see in a lifetime, has their enemies systematically. In front achieved a status that has sent its of the inevitable Lumumba memorial, name around the world, and shot a the blood lay congealed 2" deep from shock through Africa and out beyond, the killing of rebels' enemies whose touching the most intimate relation­ only qualification for tlie enmity of ships of the nations. In one short week, Gbenye's men was often that the Stanleyville has become a symbol, a ji'uncsses disliked their faces, or that rallying ground, a cockpit, a smear of TSHOMBE, VICTIMS AT I.KO they were better educated, or simply blood across both a continent and a The lucky many that their standing was vague or not decade. To Stanleyville! But Lumumba fell; good enough. Tshombe supporters—in Warm in the sun. It was not always Antoine Gizenga, his spiritual heir, set which most civil servants were auto­ so with Stanleyville. Founded by the up an independent government in matically included — were of course explorer in 1873, after a brief and Stanleyville. He too vanished, and the all killed off. troubled early history, this drowsy, Congo's blood-boltered war rolled The ace in the hole. The whites lived tropical town settled for contentment. back and forth across the whole land. in varying degrees of danger and dis­ It was quite attractive to the Belgians, Governments came and went, vainly comfort. Of them, the British were the wet it was, true (68" rain a year); but attempting to cope with new Com­ least ill-treated (were even invited to with a mean temperature of only 77° munist-inspired rebellions; and chief a Gbenye party the night before and nearly 2,000 hours of sunshine trouble-shooter Tshombe, came, went, Stanleyville fell): the worst the Belgians annually, it was fairly easy to live in. and finally came, this time it seemed and the Americans. Confined to close The town grew fat on the rubber to stay put. With his mercenaries quarters, these were subjected to indig­ plantations which flourished around it; briskly mopping up the rebels, prestige nities, were sporadically howled for by schools, mostly Roman Catholic, grew demanded he regain rebel-held Stanley­ the rebel mobs, and threatened with up; it displayed its faith and its wealth ville. So did strategy: for the east and terrible fates. Some were beaten, in a fine cathedral; its loyalty in north-east of the Congo, a-seethe with irregularly, pointlessly, savagely. But streets like Avenue Prince Charles, rebels, is dominated by Stanleyville; the worse violence that the rebels Avenue Princess Marie, Square they had their orders issued by the turned against their fellow-Congolese Leopold 11 and monuments to Albert radio station in the town; and finally was not yet loosed on the whites, for I, Leopold II and Henry Stanley. It Stanleyville was the HO of rebel they were, so the rebels thought, a was modestly civilised. Four restau­ leader, Christophe Gbenye. Everyone trump card. knew the attack must come: it was still rants and twelve hotels, ranging from By a thread. As it became apparent the 100-room Sabena Guest House to however something of a surprise when the mercenaries and Tshombe's army that Tshombe's Congolese National the 9-room Hotel Katakousinos tended marched towards it two weeks ago. Army (ANC) was marching on to the comforts of the tourists. Gathering of "assets". But the rebels, Stanleyville, its rebel Commander, The town hero. But the seeds of its foreseeing what was coming, picked Christophe Gbenye, began to play own tragedy were already sown. The themselves a bargaining point. Raking that card. He warned that an attack town dreamed through a half-century, the countryside, they had added to on Stanleyville would mean the death its white commune. Stanleyville itself, Stanleyville's remaining white popula­ of his hostages, and Stanleyville Radio ignoring the envy and jealousy of the tion until they had in their clutches a was heard to broadcast that a crowd other black three, Mangobo, Kabondo, number of whites which estimates put of 10.000 carried banners declaring Lubunga, where illiterate Africans at between one and two thousand. that at the slightest attack they would muttered against the white comfort and Mostly they were Belgians, but there kill the Americans and Belgians. There the ease of white authority. The Yacht were, too, Argentinians, Austrians, was no doubt that the threat was real. Club disported itself on the river Canadians and Americans, French, Moreover, though the Gbenye top men which cuts through Stanleyville, the Greeks, Indians, Italians, Dutch, Ger­ might protect the hostages as long as Upper Congo; week-end afternoons mans, British. Sudanese and Swiss. they seemed to be useful, discipline in passed in a dream of golf and tennis There were even Irish and Haitians. the rebel army was so fragile that and browsing in the two French news­ there could be no guarantee that even

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ZI NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 Gbenye could hold them back if they chairman of the OAU ad hoc com­ decided to begin a massacre. mittee was asked to approach the Ready for ransom. In this confusion rebels and negotiate with them. It was one figure became a symbol of the a tricky diplomatic manoeuvre. First, hostages. Dr Paul Earle Carlson, (36) it infuriated the Tshombe forces, for a medical missionary of the Evangeli­ whom the Leopoldville Presence cal Covenant Church of America, was Ajricaine spoke when it condemned as of the classic missionary tradition. selfish the preoccupation with white Arriving in July last year for a three hostages, and reminded its readers year stint, he and his wife (who had sharply of the river of black blood trained as a nurse so that she could which was constantly flowing in the help his missionary work) escaped into Congo. Then too the manoeuvre gave the ex-French Centrafricaine Republic a kind of half-hearted recognition to when the rebels approached the hospi­ the rebel forces, which the US had tal which they ran (the only one hitherto refused. And it involved serving 100,000 Africans in the area). nationalist African states yet further in But Carlson could not stay away, and the Congo. But Belgium was des­ voluntarily forsook safety and returned perate; and for the US, humanitarian to minister to the sick and wounded, reasons apart, its prestige in Africa and rebels or Tshombe men. But on Sept in the world was at stake. On Friday, 17 he was arrested, and later tried as Nov 20th, that desperation and its an American spy and sentenced to resulting determination was made clear death. He became at first the key when a battalion of Belgian paras, •ifek^*'. ••.lsA^«^f'J-*lr«' '•*• -. bargaining point; his execution was nearly 600 strong, landed on Ascension put off from day to day, and because Island, a British pinpoint in the OE.AD KKBKL IX STANLKYVILIiE the US reacted to the bargaining with Atlantic, a mere 6-hours light from The slow takeover diplomatic manoeuvres, Gbenye Stanleyville. seemed to arrive at a hope that both The bluff . . . Inside Stanleyville, sign of surrender; Gbenye for his part Belgium and the US could be black­ Gbenye apparently still believed his warned that if the Nairobi conference mailed. The white hostages, despite trump card would work. His "ambas­ come to no end that suited him. the terms of the Geneva Convention, sador" Thomas Kanza was due to Carlson and the others would be became "prisoners-of-war", and arrive in Nairobi to discuss with executed. rumours began to circulate that the Kenyatta, Diallo Telli, the OAU Secre­ Out in the world, Britain and the US Belgians and the US were preparing tary, and the US Ambassador there, admitted co-operation with Belgium; for the failure of iheir diplomatic William Attwood, the fate of the Russia began to rumble about inter­ moves and were considering direct hostages. Although Tshombe's men vention; the international pot began to intervention by Belgian parachutists were rapidly approaching Stanleyville, boil. This was the surface : below it, flown in in US planes. The stage for they could, in the disordered Congo the best kept secret and the decisive the drama of Stanleyville was set. manner of fighting, be held back long one was that on the previous day. The risky move. From the first it enough for the bargaining to go on; Sunday, the Belgian paratroops had could be no domestic drama. Among and even if Stanleyville fell to shifted to Kamina, south of Stanley­ other steps the US had taken was an Tshombe, there would be time for ville. Tshombe's pride had been approach to Kenya's Kenyatta, who as Gbenye to fall back with the hostages placated and his permission gained for and continue the bargaining indefinite­ the US and Belgian action to rescue ly. As for his long term ends, the mere the hostages. Hence even as the thought of the Belgian/American leisurely Nairobi negotiations crawled moves had clearly swung Nationalist along, then broke down because Kanza African opinion to his side, reinforcing could not or would not guarantee the the continent's almost universal hostages' safety, Gbenye's bluff was detestation of Tshombe. But Gbenye being called. miscalculated: things moved too swiftly Attack! Last Tuesday morning came for him. bright and clear in Stanleyville. At . . . called. By Monday the 23rd, five the Tshombe men moved into the Tshombe's mercenary-led ANC was city, the spearhead mercenaries, mostly joised to strike at Stanleyville and had Southafrican and Rhodesian, ap­ bombed Ponthierville. 80 miles from parently hanging back to give the black the city, (using an American plane). troops the honour of first in. And at Gbenye's frenzy of threats rose higher six, an hour later, the Belgian para­ and the fate of the hostages seemed troopers arrived above the airport, in more perilous. The rebel/US/OAU twenty planes. Radio Stanleyville negotiations in Nairobi ground steadily announced: "The American planes are along, with each side conducting its here . . . sharpen your knives, and own campaign: Kanza seeking to make machetes. Tomorrow we will carve up capital of his advantage, the US flatly the whites", switched to dance music, refusing to recognise that the jam it and thirty minutes later went Head. was in implied recognition of the The crime. In Stanleyville. Gbenve's rebels, the OAU attempting to find a tomorrow never came. As the para­ breakthrough. Tshombe broadcast to troops floated down from the US I)K.MOVSTR.-\TIO\ IN AI.CJBRIA Stanleyville to lay down its arms, for planes, the rebels at the airport put The quick response rebels to wear white chest cloths as a up a spotty resistance and then made

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30 NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 fT'^'

THE BITTER PRICE OF STANLEYVILLE What kind of war is this? been executed, but was herded out with Tuesday. for the jungle. The paras raced towards the others. When the shooting started, Worse and worse. The rebels were Stanleyville's heart and fifty minutes he made a break for it. He reached a plainly killing whites in revenge, after landing made it to the centre of low wall, was almost over it when a abandoning the hope of using them town. They had moved incredibly fast soldier, almost certainly not even as bargaining power, and venting upon — but not quite fast enough. For with realising who he was, fired two shots them an uncontrollable anger. Back in the mercenaries and ANC moving in into his head. He died instantly — the Stanleyville, as the fighting continued, from the south and the paratroops man who was the symbol of the this opening-up of rebel savagery landing, the rebels tried to put their hostages was killed when rescue was became further known. For Tshombe's threat of murder into effect. Rounding at hand. For rescue it was. Though forces only held the city on the right up their Belgian and US captives, they those who came through alive were bank of the river, and even that pre­ marched them to Lumumba Square. almost without exception wounded, the cariously. Inside the city, they had Those who attempted to flee were shot, actual dead among Stanleyville's 1,500 hunted down the rebels — finding and the guards left no doubt what was white hostages were very slight in the them under beds, in wardrobes and to be the fate of the marchers. Arrived light of Gbenye's intentions. And only killing them instantly, even leaving one at the square, the hostages were the paratroopers had saved them from hanging in the Sabena Guest House for stretched out in a long line and told to mass murder. days as a grim warning. But even on sit on the pavement. Facing them were the right bank Tshombe's men had by rebel troops armed with rifles and one The operation had done its job, and as no means eradicated the rebels. And machine-gun. What happened then is plane after plane evacuated the whites there was still the town on the other still confused. According to one woman back to Leopoldville, to hospitals and side of the river. Headed by mercena­ Colonel Opede of the rebel forces, was Red Cross officials, to rest and ries, the ANC sortied across, and dis­ mown down by his own men in the security, back, some of them to Belgium covered a horrifying dump of bodies, act of restraining them from killing the and the US, the Americans and the a number of priests whose throats had whites; according to a man in the Belgians (and of course) Tshombe, been cut. On top of them lay the crowd, Opede was the first to raise his began to talk of pulling the paratroops corpses of nuns who had patently been rifle and fire; yet another story has it out. Both countries were determined cliopped to death with machete blows. that Kasongo, a deaf mute who was to prove that this was, as they again The whites still alive reported that they personal bodyguard to Gbenye began and again averred, a rescue not a had managed to buy off the rebels the horror by emptying his rifle into punitive operation. with beer and money: the priests and the body of a white woman as he Turning like beasts. But there were nuns had had neither. grunted, and squealed with rage. How­ other white prisoners to save. At Portent. These were warnings of the ever it began, the scene of carnage was Paulis, 160 miles from Stanleyville, the fate that awaits the remaining whites, terribl* in the square as enraged rebels, airstrip could take planes, and last estimated at a thousand, no longer with the paratroops only yards away Thursday, in a foggy haze and this hostages, but now likely to become fired again and again into the crowd time unsupported by the Congo Army, sacrificial victims, who are still some­ of by now running hostages. Many 267 paras landed to rescue the 300 where in the vast areas still held by were dead, more were wounded. When whites gathered there. Stanleyville had the rebels. Where exactly most of them the paras arrived, they could hardly been bad, but it was from the Paulis are is by now difficult to estimate, return the rebel fire for fear of refugees that more horrifying stories their rescue by Stanleyville/Paulis-type firing into the fleeing Americans and came. There were tales of men beaten operations, scattered as they are, tragic­ Belgians. Though they got about thirty slowly to death with bottles and sticks ally impossible in this terrain, where of the enemy, the rest fled into the and fists, taking 45 minutes before even if the paratroopers can drop, res­ city. death released them. There were horri­ cue aircraft cannot land. Their fate is fying accounts of priests chopped to frightening: Gbenye before he fled, Keeping to their word. Among the 30 pieces by machetes; of nuns stripped, telegraphed orders: Kill the whites. dead, including many women and beaten, raped. And most of this had Belgium's paratroops, their main children, on Lumumba Square lay happened after Stanleyville's hostages mission — in terms of the terrain. Paul Carlson. He had after all not were rescued, in the two days after

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u NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 perhaps their only possible mission — what they did, and despite an instant Powcrs do not hesitate to take action accomplished, have returned to a withdrawal as soon as they had done in the face of the disapproval of the heroes' welcome in Brussels. For them, what they had to, Belgium and weak ones. No weapon in Africa's and for the 1,500 hostages who two America, and Britain indirectly by its present armoury is strong enough to weeks ago suffered the extremities of permitting them to use Ascension, deter strong men from performance. fear, the Stanleyville drama is over. liave given their Eastern enemies a Africa cannot fail to have got this The blackest of futures. But not for heavy weapon which will be used message. And though this time the the Congo itself. The eyes of the world against them in the councils of the Western powers' action was good in have been fixed on the white hostages, world, and particularly in Africa. its effects, other powers in future times but their sufferings pale to a story with Weighing it up. For more perhaps of may not aim at the good. a comparatively happy ending besides the outcome depends on how Africa End of a period? Hence beneath the the continuous, endless suffering of the faces up to Stanleyville. For the protests, behind the decision to hold Congolese. For the war in the Congo radical black nationalists there has an African summit meeting in New has ceased to have even the doubtful been a shock, only superficially dis­ York right under the noses of the UN honours of a war. It has assumed the guised by the hundred protests against and of the US, there runs a deep frus­ endless, almost meaningless savagery the Stanleyville events, protests from tration, so deep that it chooses not to of such long agonies as the Black and which only Nigeria, Zambia and examine why and how Stanleyville Tan conflict in Ireland, of Germany's Malagasy noticeably dissented. For came about. The dignity which above Thirty Years War. The stories of the last week the facts of international life all the new states reach for, has been white sufferings that can be expected hit the African states plumb between deeply affronted, deeply shaken, per­ to appal the world in future will be, the eyes. First, there is the plain inef- haps too deeply for self-interest to from now on, part of an already ghastly picture in which black men have disembowelled other black men and eaten their livers before the dying victims; have filled captives with petrol, slit them open while still alive and ignited the petrol; have cut men slowly to a piecemeal death in public executions. Civil war produces more frightfulnesses than even ordinary war, but the turmoil of the Congo is not even a civil war. It is a delirium of horror, shot with such insensate tor­ ment inflicted by both sides that even toughened reporters and war-hardened mercenaries find their gorges rising. Cannibalism and dagga and supersti­ tion add merely grotesque and bizarre touches to a spectacle that fills the world with dismay, for it is a situation which seems out of control, beyond the scope of normal international politics and diplomacy. Callousness. Yet as the Congo writhes in an agony inflicted by its own men on its own men, as the UN and the West struggle to restore some, even any, kind of order, others are THE TERRAIN AND THE CAMPAIGN willing to use the chaos to their own Groping for order — any order advantage. The Communists see it fectuality and weakness of the OAU, maintain its cynical commonsense. as an opportunity; other Africans, even most clearly pin-pointed in the matter The honeymoon, never ecstatically those not hand in glove with Reds, of Carlson and the hostages, in which happy, between Africa and the West, view it is a domestic problem which it could not extract a promise from may well be over, is certainly inter­ must, they jealously maintain, remain Kanza that hostages would be spared. rupted; and too close at hand for the only theirs. Secondly, there is the realisation that West's comfort stand other wooers—- There is little doubt that the Red though both sides of the Congo Russia and Red China. Chinese are briskly fishing in the politely give ear to the OAU's urging Stanleyville, the bruised city straddling Congo for what prestige, power and to reconciliation, that is as far as it the mile-wide Congo, may be recap­ even anti-Soviet influence they can goes: the fever to obliterate is too tured, or Tshombe may hold it; the gain. Russia has seen fit to interpret strong on either side for Africa's rebel leaders, fled it is said to Sudan, the Belgian/US rescue operations as diplomacy to have any effect. Tremen­ to Burundi, perhaps even to Prague imperialist intervention and talks of a dously arrogant in declaring its right and Moscow, may stay away or come new Vietnam. In many cities — from to settle African affairs, Africa was roaring back for yet more blood; or Peking to Moscow and Florence and forced by Stanleyville to realise that the Congo may yet begin its terribly Rome and Cairo — there were anti- it is still not strong enough to exercise slow haul back to peace. But the American, anti-Belgian, anti-British that right. And finally, there is the week-long drama of Stanleyville has demonstrations of unusual size and brutal truth that, however politely set up echoes that will reverberate a severity. Despite a punctilious ex­ and while accompanying their actions long, long time in both world and planation of why they were doing by whatever deprecations, the Great African history.

NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 33 SOUTH AFRICA'S PROGRAMME OF temporary furniture: "I can put a SPECIALISED EXHIBITIONS good antique in a modern setting if at Vive I'interieur the latter has the same amount of MILNER PARK, JOHANNESBURG Interior decorating and that certain sophistication", is one comment. for 1965 air of savoir vivre are as inextricably Another device is the use of a specific bound up as the two halves of a love- painting to serve as the focal point for ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS* seat (French Regency — of course). a decorating scheme. Exhibition But interior decorators, like journa­ De StijI. Ideally, there is continual lists, artists, copywriters and others of consultation between decorator and the non-nine-to-live-ilk, are a breed client, although some clients take this apart. They have an eye for taste, co-operation to extremes by watching an ear for fashion and a habit (some­ the arrangement and construction of times) of smelling out their client's every detail and often practising in­ personality, so that they can furnish furiating vacillation: "Wouldn't it be his home in accordance with any in­ better if we put the green chair to the dividual quirks and qualities. And right of the yellow lampshade? Or costs? Clients are usually affluent perhaps over there next to the Old JUNE 10th to 16th enough to relegate this aspect to the Dutch tafel. . . ." ranks of secondary considerations. For if Southafrica could claim a NUCLEAR, SCIENTIFIC and Certainly interior decoration is a particular style of furnishings as its "with it" activity. In the US it is own, relics of the early Dutch settlers ELECTRONIC governed by trend-setting magazines would figure prominently. Says a Exhibition who decree furniture fashions as often Capetown decorator: "The higher in­ as France banishes and re-instates the come group like imbuia and a bas­ neckline; possessions are put away tardised version of old Cape". Yet, for the Japanese bare look; French on the other hand, as one Johannes­ tables and chairs are taken over in burg expert put it, "If I were blind­ boat loads with the revival of Rococo. folded and put into a French interior In Britain xi and non echo from or a German one I could tell the antique shops, as Italians indulge a national character. But I simply new craze for English furniture. And couldn't 'feel' a Southafrican one." throughout the West the business that Another remarks rather gloomily that caters for all this is booming. the Southafrican style is mostly of the fWIBITIONS Back home, in Southafrica things are "ball-and-claw" variety — "and hope a lot tamer, and interior decorators chests . . ." Generally, however, con­ firmly deny the existence of any hot temporary furniture in the Republic SEPTEMBER 16th to 22nd fashion trends. "Well perhaps pelmets is much the same as anywhere else: are coming back", says one cautiously "The climatic conditions of each coun­ MECHANICAL ENGINEERS* —hardly a revolution, but then the try determines its furniture style. In­ Exhibition decorating art in Southafrica is still a asmuch as this is the case we have young one. Firms have generally one, but it is not peculiarly South­ been in operation for five to seven african. It hasn't enough facets of its years. The single exception is own." Johannesburg's Emre J. Loerincz who Cover charge. Opinions vary on the has been decoratively active for the general subject of costs — "there are last 25 years. Old or new, borrowed no peculiarly Southafrican costs or true-blue, decorators in South­ either". Some think that costs are africa range from the heads of large- infinitely lower than in the US or UK; ""•* ff. EXHIBITIONS IPTI^^:--'' statfed, efficient business organisa­ some that all top-class decorating tions, to one-man consultant teams OCTOBER 21st to 27th costs and methods are similar, and who operate from their own houses others that costs are lower in South­ •»-»-^ or flats. africa than in America but about the For Stand Reservations In the Republic there are not more same as in England. All are agreed than thirty decorating enterprises. In that interior decorating is largely this general category, less than half a straight commercial proposition, MsMs have large-staffed set-ups, some are catering for the upper income bracket. mainly furnishers and others merely The artistic side is very much in dabble in advice-giving. The com­ second place. So much so, that, Scientific, Electronic and mercially vigorous firms manufacture questioned as to whether she would furniture and curtains themselves, comply with a client's decorative re­ Engineering Exhibitions often importing materials. Binnehuis quests if she thought them to be in (Pty.) Ltd. of Capetown imports mohair hand- totally bad taste, one decorator replies Exhibition Organisers and Consultants woven curtaining from Swaziland. bluntly: "Yes, if the job were suffi­ 412a TRANSVALIA HOUSE, Pieces of furniture are also some- ciently lucrative." Others disagreed: BRAAMFONTEIN, JOHANNESBURG limes imported — for direct selling, "We wouldn't do it, and would rather P.O. Box 2900 Phone 724-6793 or for a particular decorative use. say tactfully: 'You've done it so Telegraphic: "Exhibition" Decorators use both antique and con­ beautifully already, you might as welJ

34 NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 T^HIS diningroom in Clarence Wilson's Hillbrow flat, as deco­ rated by Wilson of "House and Garden" himself, shows a domi­ nating Japanese grass- paper screen mounted on gold-leaf. Red walls echo the rich colour of the candle in the central Byzantine altar light, and the red lacquer Italian chairs. The table is of stripped mahogany, and rests on Japanese matting. The wall-lights are of Japanese brass.

The wall panels in this room are of rose- coloured Thai silk; the curtains (not shown) are of the same material. The loi^, low cupboards are topped by delicate rose marble. The mirror panels above reflect the diningroom in the Sand­ hurst home of Mrs Robert Skok, as deco­ rated by Elizabeth DuiT. The English Regency table and chairs sink in to a shaggy white French carpet; the side table is a Sheraton piece; the wall - brackets Italian; and the louvre- doors are painted in smoothly discreet white.

NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 35 ^JODISHLY fashionable "^ is this reception room at Grant Advertising, as decorated by Ian Calder. The discreet glow from a bronze Flemish chandelier rests on the simple-line white hide sofa, on the olive-green velvet pile car­ pet and on the chalk-white side screen, constructed on a wooden-block and cotton- reel method. A pair of Victorian cast - bronze lamp-bases support tan­ gerine lampshades — two colourful focal points to an otherwise neutral interior.

The luxury-antique look of E. J. Adam mantelpiece and a Queen Anne Loerincz in a Johannesburg interior tallboy. Other details: collections of of rarities which include a Sheraton Chinese porcelain—^Khan-Hse (1662- four-poster hung with hand printed 1722) — in famille verte colouring, silk, a Louis XV chest of drawers, an and early 19th century bird prints.

u NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 finish it.'" A third dwells on ques­ tions of morality and conscience: BUSINESS "Naturally one would fight against what one thought to he wrong. This is especially difficult with a new cus­ MOTOR INDUSTRY more materials than companies which tomer whom one doesn't want to merely assemble vehicles from im­ offend." A Capetown decorator says: French enter motor race ported parts. "If they don't agree, we do it their In 1898, in a converted hunting lodge Programme. As soon as East London way. After all you can't dictate the at Billancourt, Louis Renault built has passed the new Renault factory taste which they have to live with." his first motorcar. A year later his plans, work will begin on the erection A little, or the lot. Customers range cars, in those days hand-built from of the engine manufacturing plant from those who want a single room crown wheel to chassis, entered and and the importation of milling, drill­ decorated to those who re-do a won numerous competitions and in the ing and boring machinery. Initially, whole house. Complete jobs as such same year won the Paris-Trouville engines for the model will be are fairly rare; usually the decoration race — at an average speed of 25 assembled from imported parts, but of one room leads to the decoration of mph. At the outbreak of WWI, pretty rapidly, if the laid-down another. Charges vary with each job, Renault switched to even slower things scheclule is followed, locally-made so that generalisation on this point is and in collaboration with General parts will be incorporated. In about meaningless. Some decorators have a Iistienne produced the first French seven months, boast Renault, their consulting fee; others do not and run tanks. After the war it was back to the risk of being bled for ideas and cars, and Renault speeded up: produc­ then left high and dry by a "client" tion increased steadily until the second who proceeds to do it all herself. world war. During the Occupation, "We're awfully hou.se and garden..." the Germans destroyed 80% of the Southafrica has no training school for Renault plant, but on January 1, 1945, aspirant decorators, and no central France's first post-occupation govern­ guild for The Established Ones, but ment nationalised Renault, and it both will probably grow with the bloomed out as the Reiiie National des development of the industry — and Usines Renault. In Southafrica the with the seriousness of its image. company reappeared in 1948, selling Interior decoration as an activity has its 4VC model, and by 1958, spurred always had snob-appeal and this is on by an evergrowing market for their evident in two ways: some people have vehicles, Renault set up its own local their whole house decorated and admit company, Renault Africa. coyly to having done the lot them­ Race against time. Because the com­ selves; others have doorknobs designed pany sells 3,000 vehicles a year in and fitted by a decorating firm but Southafrica (sales boosted by a con­ whisper vaguely that the same decora­ tinuing list of Renault racing vic­ RENAtJIvT'S R8 MODEL tors entirely furnished the joint. tories), and because of the South­ On the home stretch This way, please. Decorating cof^nos- african Government's policy of foster­ centi peer down from behind their ing local manufacture, Renault first all-Southafrican engine should artistic signs and trappings at occa­ Africa's managing director Pierre come off the line. sional slide-backs into bad taste in the Acolas last week announced that it Tough competition. Though Renault Republic, but admit warmly that would move yet more firmly into is one of the six biggest motor manu­ "although Southafricans are a little Southafrica. The company plans to facturers in the world, the competi­ behind, they're learning." And matters invest more than R2m in a South­ tion it faces in Southafrica is formid­ have improved immeasurably since african engine manufacturing plant able. It follows a number of big the war. A psychological factor is over the next 31 years. The plant motor companies who have already also elaborated: most people equate will be built at East London, next to announced plans for local manufac­ simplicity with a simply lined pocket. and in conjunction with Car Assem­ ture. Renault may find the going To them, the most expensive and the blers and Distributors, the Soiith- tough, but on the other hand, it has most prestigious is also the most african-owned plant which at the thrived on success for 66 years. ornate. Decorators colour this theme moment assembles Renault for the with their own pet hates in furnishings local market. Before the end of June FOODS and arrangements — swathes and next year Renault hope to have their Beating Mrs Beaton drapes: gimmicks like flying ducks llOOcc model, the R8, declared a 5 lbs flour, 3 lbs fresh butter, 5 lbs getting smaller and smaller on the "manufactured model" by the govern­ currants, 2 lbs sifted loaf sugar, 2 wall; differing wall papers in one ment. nutmegs, \ oz cloves, ^ oz mace, 16 room; reproduction camel saddle To qualify the R8 as a manufactured eggs, 1 lb sweet almonds. \ lb candied stools; having an antique for the sake model, Renault will have to start citron, \ lb candied orange peel, \ lb of it, or for the sake of investment; producing it before January 1, and by candied lemon peel. I gill wine, Sanderson linens; chandeliers with the June of the same year must incor­ I gill brandy. Cooking time: 5 hours. price tag still on them — and (wait porate into it more than 45% (by Weight: 20 lbs. for it) ball-and-ckiw feet. On a weight) of locally made components. Mrs Beaton's Christening Cake, 1893. totally different level, decorators have Beyond that, within the next 3j years They just don't make them like that their contemporary feet wedged firmly the R8 must have a minimum weight- any more -- neither the women nor in the door to Southafrican homes. content of local parts of no less than the cakes. Though perhaps still as The interiors may be dark, but here 55%,. All this carries a bonus: firms sweet as their predecessors, housewives and there is an artistic (and costly) recognised by the government as no longer need spend hours of brute little light. manufacturers are entitled to import physical exertion to produce several

NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 J7 plagued by difficulties and discourag­ MANAGEMENT ing results with various formulas (his dog refused to eat some of the first Grooming the top Wliaatalin 'MM cakes). But he persevered and finally Last week discreet little press reports got his first cake mix into production announced that the advertising agency last month. of Van Zijl and Robinson had been Though basically the same as any bought by Manganese Corporation. On home-made cake the instant mix has the surface not much to get excited several advantages over the conven­ about — but Mancor is controlled by tional. Claims Fichardt: "It is almost Sanlam, an insurance company which foolproof". More than that, it is has at the moment around Rl^m a cheaper and quicker to bake. Twenty week to invest. The ad agency will minutes as against Mrs B's five hours. form part of a four-pronged attack Apart from this the housewife's sense to invade the field of business con­ of creativity is still preserved — after sulting and marks the entry of really • ^>^' all, eggs and water have to be added. big business into something which not MMitMim Ml) etsr 10 ez. The lot gets baked at 390 °F, and long ago was almost unknown. But it tastes just fine. has of late been making its presence BAKING WITHOUT TE.iRS Hot cakes? Wheatalin (started in increasingly felt. Yearly earnings by And the dog came round to it .lohannesburg in 1930 by an American, consultants are currently around Rim pounds of confectionery that will be Hiam Isaacman) was taken over last in Southafrica. (Exact figures are diffi­ gobbled up in minutes by voracious January by a triumvirate: Fichardt, cult to come by. Competition keeps brats. Especially now they won't have Johan Burger and Hector Koch. In most consultants button-lipped). The to: this week the Johannesburg cereal only nine months, and with changes in potential, though, is indicated from the manufacturer, Wheatalin, introduces packaging and the vitaminisation of US where last year consulting brought (just in time for Christmas) South- their breakfast cereals — Puffed Whole its practitioners nearly R200m from africa's first mstant cake mix. To start Wheat, Sugar Puffs and Mabela —• all sectors of business. with two types will be produced; sales have increased tenfold. The long, cool look. Reasons for the lemon and chocolate. Also to be The smallest of the four big cereal existence of consultants are complex. marketed are instant mix cookies and manufacturers. Wheatalin is putting its Amid argument the general consensus crumpets, which follow Wheatalin's hopes on a breakthrough with instant is that management consultants have two other successful mixes for scones mixes. And as against foreign compe­ advantages over internal management and pancakes. These have recently tition it has a singular advantage: price. inasmuch as they are not intimately been selling at a 15,000-a-month clip Wheatalin cake mixes will in some connected with the company they are in selected test areas. cases be twice as cheap as the Ameri­ investigating and can thus give reason­ Though some other instant mixes have can equivalent — 30c as against 60c. ably disinterested advice. They are filtered on to the Southafrican market When it comes to cooking time they also equipped specifically to extract in recent years — notably Betty also have a head start. The South­ information and evaluate it on the Crocker and Mary Baker — Wheata­ african mixes bake twice as fast — 20 basis of wide experience. It is. say the lin's mixes are the first to be manu­ minutes as against an hour. consultants, not unusual to be called factured in the Republic. With these products at hand South­ in by a firm to solve what it thinks is If ah knew yew were comin'. With an african followers of Mrs Beaton can a problem only to find that the root eye to his company's expansion, now throw away the flour, the orange of the trouble lies elsewhere. But this Wheatalin managing director Gustav peel and currants, swig the brandy, and is not the only service rendered by Fichardt plumped for the instant mix serve a feather-light cake almost as consultants. Practice varies from firm market. Scones and pancakes did not quickly as it took Marie Antoinette to to firm, but some are prepared actually present too tough a problem, but cakes say "Let 'em eat cake!" — but with to take over the management of a firm did. In developing them, Fichardt was far less disastrous results. while it is being reorganised, even to

CHECK STUBS Cone fishin' The refinery, at Assab, is being should calm Japanese disquiet over Perhaps forerunner of a capital tide financed by a 12-year Soviet loan, the valuable but lop-sided trade. will go into production in Septem­ flowing from Southafrica to other The big steal African states, a R2m joint South- ber 1966. It will refine up to 500,000 tons of crude oil per year Southafrica's skill shortage is having african-Portuguese fish and shell­ odd side-effects. The extra adver­ fish processing factory will soon be into petrol, fuel oil, kerosene, indus­ tising for and the retraining of staff opened at Mozambique's Porta trial oils and tar, some to be ex­ is costing, estimates the National Amelia. Named Industrias de Peixe ported to East African countries. Development and Management Nosa Senhora de Fatima, it will Foundation, between R750,000 and eventually employ 800 whites and Shifting fulcrum Rim per 10.000 workers per year. 10,000 Africans. Latest figures show Southafrican Trying desperately to hang onto the 1963 exports to Japan up by 15% staff they have, firms are going in "Red for Empire" to R9Im. But bigger purchases of for "farewell interviews" to discover 110 Russian technicians and a local electrical equipment, motor vehicles why the worker is leaving and to labour force of 3,000 are building and metal products boosted South- build up good will. They can thus a gigantic oil refinery on the coast africa's imports from Japan to take counter measures to prevent of the ancient empire of Ethiopia. R56m — a rise of 33%, which others from quitting.

II- NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 supervise the entire building, equipping and staffing of a factory. Production- Engineering, one of the top Johannes­ MINING & FINANCE burg consulting firms undertakes this type of woric. But PE does not confuse That Wild third party two shares of R2 each in S. Tacshare it with consulting work and has esta­ Investments, whose only assets were blished separate companies to deal with This was one crash that Parity shares in the Trans Africa Credit and these assignments. Others, however, Insurance couldn't cover. For the Savings Bank. Another R250,000 was like Bedaux Africa, doyen of manage­ past four years the biggest writer of advanced to Trans Africa to enable ment consultants in Southafrica third party insurance in Southafrica, it to lend R618,000 to a former Parity (established 1932), refuse to do any­ Parity was last week put under pro­ director, who in turn used it to acquire thing but advise the client, who then visional liquidation, its finances in a controlling interest in Waghan In­ decides how he will use the advice. chaos, its chiefs in disgrace. Most vestments. Waghan Investments holds Why don't they ever tell me? Perhaps company collapses fly serenely over the controlling interest in Parity the most important function fulfilled the head of the man in the street, but Holdings. by consultants is simply that of provi­ this one is right with him as he waits All join hands. In April 1963 Mannie ding their clients with a clear view of for the green light. Involved in one Goldberg became Parity chairman what is happening in their organisa­ of the Republic's biggest-ever scan­ and appointed Monty Saevitzon, tions. "Southafrica", said a senior con­ dals are not only the over 400,000 former accountant of SA Druggists, sultant, "is full of firms which have motorists who have lost their coverage which had previously gone insolvent, grown up from the one-man band stage but also garage owners, insurance as manager of Parity. In November to considerable size, but are still being agents. Parity employees and (not de Villiers lifted the freeze on assets run on the old lines with the chief least) those with claims outstanding on the grounds that the insurance trying to do everything. What we try or pending. Present estimates are company had decided to raise its to do in these cases is to 'professiona­ that the insolvency is to the tune of third party premiums to the standard lise' management — set up a control rate. Shortly thereafter, on Novem­ structure to provide information for an ber 28, Parity's auditors reported executive without him having to run "material irregularities" to the board everything by the seat of his pants." of directors—liabilities, they declared, This is what Mancor's group hope to exceeded assets as at June 30, 1963, do too. Under a holding company by R694,562. Chairman Goldberg (Management and Marketing Inc), the called in further auditors, but their group will consist of four wholly sepa­ combined reports still cast doubts on rate concerns providing services on dif­ Parity's solvency. Despite these ferent problems of business. First will storm signals, the Registrar merely be a management consulting firm; se­ warned Parity and demanded an in­ condly an industrial research company; crease in capital. Meanwhile the thirdly a consumer research organisa­ position, according to the inspectors tion; and fourthly a comprehensive appointed by the Registrar on Novem­ marketing group. Van Zijl and Robin­ ber 3 this year, became steadily worse. son will join the last group. Great brain robbery. Masterminding For the second minuet. In essence, the scheme, Sanlam Investment Secre­ the report compiled by inspectors tary Dr Andrd van der Merwe admits Megenatus van Staden and Schalk that many big corporations already Schoombie showed that: "Premiums have their own teams engaged on indus­ entrusted to the insurer for the pro­ trial projections, but claims there is an tection of policyholders are being urgent need for an independent power­ canalised through the other companies in the group to the persons and com­ house of experts to undertake this type PARITY-TYPE RLSK of work. panies who hold the controlling in­ There are claims and claims terests in the shares of the insurer One of the reasons for the success of about Rim, but incoming claims and (Parity)." Some of the details of the consultants is just this very factor of over-valued assets may yet push the "canalisation": Parity had handed shortages in quality management figure up higher. over full control of its third party material. Consultancy firms are con­ The cult of the cut Parity's business claims settlements to attorneys Messrs stantly losing men to clients, so the and investment policies have been Goldberg, Solomon and de Villiers field is too widely spread, if anything, sporadically subject to criticism since (Goldberg being also Parity chairman). and talent is a voraciously sought-after its inception, as has the entire cut-rate Parfity had also paid R223,332 to its rarity. The position will perhaps be insurance battle. The eighth insur­ attorneys "for which no details what­ eased with the entry next year of ance company liquidated since April, soever could be furnished by the com­ Europe's largest consultancy. Instal­ 1962, Parity's operation was similar pany". Insurance funds were invested lation Efficiency Engineering, bringing, to the others. And it charged low in Dundee Coal, Parity Holdings, according to Manager Hendrik Schreu- premium.s, hoping to cover liabilities Waghan Investments and Helsa Trust. ders, 25 trained men from Euror>e as by a bigger volume of business. In Car accident claims under compre­ the nucleus of what will eventually be 1962, evidence that Parity's invest­ hensive policies were dealt with by a l(X)-man team. This will make it by ment policy was off-beam came to Parity E)rive-In, which charged 15- far the biggest in the Republic, but light, forcing Insurance Registrar 25% levies on all spares used in lEE intends staying in the medium- Rudolph de ViJliers to prohibit the repairs ("for which" .says the report sized business field. Big or small, the alienation of any further Parity assets. "Parity received no value whatso­ consultancies are demonstrating ever The investments which led to the ever"), plus a R 12.50 "assessment more clearly that brain-trusting is not ruling were: under board chairman fee" for every claim. only an egg-head pastime. It pays. Harry Hanley, Parity paid R^m for Mythtery on mythtery. Other pay-

NIWS/CHECK 4 PECEMBEB 1?H 1% ments were made to firms and persons who do not even appear to exist. R 17,000 was paid to a fictitious firm, the box number of which was that of Monty Saevitzon, for non-existent printing and stationery, and R23,270 to an untraceable insurance agent named, appropriately, Sellar. Even more perplexing is the part played by financier Wolf Heller. He was not ostensibly employed by Parity, but the inspectors found that he was "actively involved in its administra­ tion" and that in September the board resolved to pay him a R30,000 a year salary, retrospective to July 1963. Contributing to the crash: no provision had been made to keep reinsurance cover up to date, and reserves were completely inadequate. Whose benefit? Last week the com­ pany was provisionally liquidated in the Johannesburg Supreme Court. In his application for the order. Registrar de Villiers said he had "lost all confidence in the board of directors". He described as "irre­ sponsible, if not reckless" the advances out of insurance funds which were shuffled between Parity Holdings, .Dundee Coal, Helsa Trust and Waghan Investments, and added euphemistically: "I strongly suspect that every aspect of Parity's business is being conducted for the benefit of persons other than the policy holders of Parity". Provisional liquidator Norman Levey spelled it out more starkly. The company, he indicated, is insolvent to the extent of "between R548.965 and R984,965". Too late the stable door. In the light of these revelations, the Insurance Registrar has belatedly proposed amendments to the Insurance Act which will give him stricter control of companies in future. The test for solvency will be upped from mere equality of assets and liabilities to a 10% surplus of assets. But no legis­ lation can be eff'ective if it is not im­ plemented. There is much to show that the plight of Parity was known long before the present debacle, and the Registrar has the powers to have done something about it. But he did not do enough, and in consequence public confidence in insurance has been dealt a serious blow. In addi­ tion there were the previous seven in­ surance crashes as warnings. If it has taken that number of insolvencies to get action from the Registrar's office, the value of cither the office itself or of the officials is called into question. Which it is, must await further investi­ gation, but somehow the public must be assured that it not only can be, but will be protected against a repeat of this Parody of sound finance.

40 NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 innings, one cocksure fan said: "So SPORT what? Rhodesians have more import­ ant things than cricket on their minds at present, and the MCC played one of TRAINING the Sports Foundation's Board of the weakest Transvaal sides in living Building up to king-size Advice will be a team of acknowledged memory. Wait till they meet Natal and experts in their individual fields: Eastern Province — then we'll show When Anton Rupert, dynamic South- Springbok cricket captain Trevor african businessman and tobacco them". They showed them all right. Goddard; SA Rugby President Dr Taking advantage of a thunderstorm tycoon decides to do a thing, he usually Danie Craven (who has always played does it big. His latest effort to put and subsequent humidity on tiie third it rough and tough on and off the day, MCC's bowlers skittled Natal's Southafrican sport squarely on the field); swimming chief Neville Gracie; map caused his fellow countrymen to powerful batting combination for a Olympic President and boxing expert miserly 102 runs and won by ten sit up and listen — hard. Typically, Frank Braun; Southafrican Cricket Rupert launched his project, tagged Association President Ken Viljoen; and the South African Sports Foundation, athletic experts Danie Joubert, Matt with style, as well as a banquet at Mare and David de Villiers. It is Johannesburg's Wanderers Club, add­ Rupert's hope that these and other ing for dessert that his Rembrandt experts will succeed in raising the Group would start the ball rolling by standards in amateur sport. putting R 100,000 into a national With a good thing like this going for coaching scheme. But the green stuff them, Southafrica's young men and was not to be frittered away. Said he: women have every chance of dupli­ "We are a small country and we cating the feats of Australia, an cannot afford to be second-rate at acknowledged breeding ground for anything. There must be a spirit of world-beaters, despite its sparse popu­ true sportsmanship, but it must be lation. The sum of R 100,000 may have to be increased in the future, but P -^B^ Rupert is a pretty sure bet for a ISMsa. second-time whip-around. This brain­ child is one he doesn't want to see go up in smoke. Cricket Rising to a fever pitch Overnight, Mike Smith's no-hopers have become world beaters — almost. {'OMMK;\T.VT()U T.WLOU When the MCC team winged into Humph! Rhodesia six weeks ago to begin their five-month swing through Southern wickets. On to Port Elizabeth, where Africa, the local and the Republic's they slammed Province by an innings, sporting press played them somewhat grabbing the wickets of golden boy coolly. They got "space", but nothing Graeme Pollock for 0 and 16 and like the coverage lavished on previous showing no signs of distress in dealing visitors. And the public were equally with Springboks Peter Pollock and indifferent to them off the field, Eddie Barlow. although match attendances were al­ And now, with off-spinner Freddie k 1. * most up to those of the two previous Titmus showing excellent control, seam post-war teams. The London Sun's bowler Ian Thomson hitting the best % , cricket writer Clive Taylor blamed this form of his career, skipper Smith •HraHHHHk'. attitude on the current strained clobbering two first-ckss centuries and I i political relations between Southafrica Geoff Boycott at last finding form with TYCOON RIPERT and Britain. His report was picked up a typical Yorkshire score of 193, South­ International passport . . . and splashed in the Southafrican press. africa's cricket world realises that it The cricket world fumed with indigna­ has a battle on its hands in the five fostered in the knowledge that modern tion, bridled that cricket and politics competition is tough." Southafrica's Tests, the first of which begins at never mixed and that Clive was merely Durban on December 4. The odds future sports stars must develop the stirring a Taylor-made controversy. "killer instinct." have swung from 6-4 in Southafrica's Truth was that Southafrican cricket favour to 6-4 against. Under Smith's Rupert's words echoed around the was beginning to slip into an old Wanderers Club and around the land. adroit leadership, England's best com­ weakness, complacency, and the MCC bination for a long time suddenly look For too many years Southafricans, themselves boasted few names that weaned on easy living, have attained like reclaiming ground lost in their meant anything to the fan in the street. recent series against the West Indies so-so heights in international competi­ After almost toppling Australia last tion and then tailed off, bowing down and Australia. But as one veteran season and crushing the "Rest" team Springbok player shrewdly put it: to lesser-talented foreigners who were in an early season match in Johannes­ ruthless to the end. Only Springbok "We're not done yet. I'd rather the burg, Trevor Goddard's Springboks did Pollocks, Barlow and the rest fail in rugby players and the odd individual indeed look a mighty force. Even when like Gary Player have shown any teeth the provincial games than in the Smith's team slammed Rhodesia by Tests." Still, it looks as though the so far. five wickets and Transvaal by an The right blend. Filling the seats in Springboks are in for trying times.

NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 41 PRESS • - • REllglON— But is it cricket? And heralding the start of the Tests will be the welcome arrival of The Church in the city Does tlie public love its sportsmen England's Denis Compton, a regular Southafrica's own New York, Johan­ when they are mutton like it did when correspondent of London's Sunday nesburg, is a city of towering skyscra­ they were lamb? In other words, what Express but penning copy in South­ pers, booming industry, piled-up flats happens to famous sporting stars when africa for the Sunday Chronicle. — and beyond this the sprawling Afri­ their playing days are over? The All for the game? Is this signing up of can townships. Altogether the city has majority sink back into obscurity, some "big names" a good thing? Many an urban Bantu population of 611,512, stay on with the sport which made pressmen say it deprives the profes­ plus 73,000 in the peri-urban areas and them great, as coaches or administra­ sional columnists of valuable space and 22,()()() mine workers living in corn- tors, while a handful even go on to a chance to make their own reputa­ pounds. Of these people a little over make greater reputations in journalism tions. But the same point has been three-quarters (470,458) live in single or broadcasting. This has long been pushed by overseas sportwriters for quarters in hostels, compounds or on the trend in Europe, the US and some years, with no result. their employer's private premises. Australia, but only recently have What upset British pressmen in par­ Attention was focussed on this popu­ Southafrica's sporting greats directed ticular was the fact that so many "big lation's socio-religious problems last their talents to these media. This names" could barely write their own week. summer the press boxes have been full "John Henry's". They would sit in the A Workshop was organised by IDA- of famous cricket names as Southafrica best seats in the press boxes and MASA (Inter-denominational African prepares to tackle England. endeavour to dictate garbled mono­ Ministers' Association of Southafrica), Along with the regular working sport- syllabic prose to highly-trained report­ and held at the Congregational Centre writers is ex-Springbok Eric Rowan, ers who often were expected to act as in Johannesburg's Braamfontein. who now writes for Sondagstem but their humble lackeys, and supposedly Having lumped the numerous African who has written for several papers over be content with pay checks which were urban problems under the catch-all the years. Johannesburg's Sunday often just a splinter of what their title The Urban Mission of the Church Times sports editor Eric Litchfield "name" was getting. One famous in Modern Times, the conference recently lured Jackie McGlew away English soccer star never even bothered which set out to debate them consisted from Durban's Sunday Tribune, seeing to collect any material for his weekly of both white and non-white ministers and missionaries from the recognised churches; dignified bearded bishops and representatives of the independent African Churches; and, scattered among these dignitaries and specialists, members of the black and white laity, no silent witnesses of the discussion but often loquacious leaders of it. Together but apart. Dr Ellen Hell- man, an authority on urban African life, and Melville Edelstein from Johannesburg's Non-European Affairs Department, read extensive papers on the Bantu community. With this as a springboard, the forty delegates launched into a discussion of the task of the Church in the towns and of the teaching of the Bible about cities. The need for corporative action by the churches was stressed by most speakers FROM THE INSIDE: WRITERS MoGLEW, VV.4ITE, TAYPIELO but particularly so by the Rev Carel Sometimes a good thing, other times a Good Thing Boshoff, Southern Transvaal Mission Secretary of the NG Church. During in the former Test captain a lively column. A new reporter who was his talk it became apparent that joint writer and a useful circulation booster, assigned to "ghost" his column duti­ church action was no easy task. The and McGlew today runs his own fully phoned his "name" and asked attitudes of delegates (and the nature column which has become a "must" him for instructions. The great man perhaps of urban problems generally) for afficionados of the game. Not to shrugged: "Oh, say what you like, but were neatly expressed by Boshoff him­ be outdone, the Golden City's Sunday don't get me into trouble!" self, quoting Dutch theologian Hen- Express pressed former Springbok Real great. There is no doubt that the drik Kraemer: "Never before in bowler Hugh Tayfield into their use of famous names often boosts human history has the world and man­ services. Both the Vaderland and circulation, or at least prestige. But kind been such a close unity and Dagbreek scrambled to sign up wicket- it is unlikely that Southafrican papers never before has it been such a discor­ keeper John Waite when his retirement will ever sign a deal like that between dant disunity". Although this was true was announced. On the broadcasting the London Daily Mail and Australia's enough even of the Workshop itself, side, the SABC have called in former Sir Don Bradman: he is supposed to it did not detract from the honesty Springbok all-rounder Anton Murray have been paid R20,000 to cover one and sincerity with which the delegates who impressed many with his com­ Australian Test series in England — tried to reach one another, and to seek prehensive comments on the recent and not one word of his copy was to for ways of co-operation — though Springbok Cricket Trial at Pretoria. be altered.

NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 what clearly emerged is that the path is strewn with thorns, some already lillllllli jabbing, others waiting to be trodden SCIENCE upon. Eager to act. The Workshop was The birth of Vema close to sea-level; underwater visibility determined not to become another is good at that depth — extending to conference al which pious sounding Take Ml Kilimanjaro (19.34()ft) chop 70ft in all directions; and there is an resolutions are the only fruit of the off 3,414fi and throw it into the Atlan­ unusual magnetic Held surrounding the discussions. This was particularly true tic Ocean 400 miles off the Western seamount. of the laity. Not satisfied with simply Cape coast. Place it in 16,000ft of What's new? The divers were struck making recommendations, they imme­ water so that its top is 74ft below sea- by the vivid blue of the sea and the diately formed themselves into a task level, sprinkle liberally with speckled- eerie structure of the seamount. The force at the disposal of IDAMASA. legged lobsters and what have you got? surface was rugged, with needle sharp Should IDAMASA itself not find prac­ Vema, a mountain beneath the sea. pinnacles and cliffs. Most times the tical work for them to do, they are Discovered a few years ago by the divers were attended by large shoals prepared on their own initiative to go Vema, Columbia University's research of yellow-tail fish. Rock lobsters found out into the highways and byways and ship (after which it is named) the sea- on the seamount were closer in appear­ find the work that needs doing. And mount was visited last month by a ance to those at Tristan da Cunha than above all, they represent a rebellious group of Soulhafrican scientists on a to the familiar Cape species. They section of the laity which feels that nine day expedition led by Dr Eric were lighter in colour and spinier than ihe ministers need to be converted and Simpson, Professor of Geology at Cape­ the Cape's Jasus Lalandi. Said Simp­ enlightened and need to be told what town University. Others on board the son: "Vema is biologically of great are the real needs of ordinary church seabed survey lug Emerson K included interest because the bethnic fauna members. geophysicists, geologists and diving (creatures that crawl on the seabed) experts. And on arrival at Vema, the are completely isolated from their Areas of concern. After a period of Southafrican flag was planted on the committee work, the Workshop re­ cousins on the mainland." seamount's top by frogmen. The fish Lifestory. The seamount, which was united in a final meeting to decide were amazed but showed no inclina­ which were the most important areas formed by a volcanic eruption millions tion to do anything but go on develop­ of years ago consists of agglomerite (a for action and what that action should ing separately. be. Concluding that family life is mass of volcanic fragments united by their most important concern, the heat), is shaped like a cone. Up the Workshop asked the Secretary of middle of this cone runs a hard core IDAMASA, Alfred Mncube, to take of phonolite, a hard resistant rock steps to set up an inter-church com­ which forms the highest peak—Collins mittee. The committee's job would be Peak — named after Sammy himself, lo contact agencies already concerned whose company supplied the tug. East with the family, and by study, lo pre­ of this peak is a rather flat plateau pare itself to give guidance in practical with an elevation of about 35 fathoms problems. Other recommendations where some rolled, rounded boulders were: were found. According to Simpson this * A change of emphasis from preach­ is definite evidence that the peak was ing to worship, witness and service by above the sea during the Ice Age. all Christians. Geologists hold that nearly all sea- *A house-to-house survey of Soweto mounts were once above the water to establish the religious affiliations of level. (Vema is a rarity in the Atlantic all the people. but there are numerous undersea -k Consultation between churches on peaks in the Pacific extending between making their work in large compounds North America and Hawaii.) Their more comprehensive and effective. lops were planed off by wave-action •*• Specialised training for the lay during an ice-age, when the sea-level leadership of the churches. was lower, then submerged as the * Assistance to the independent waters rose again. churches along the lines suggested by Perhaps strangest of all is the fact that them. the magnetic field which surrounds •*• A more responsible approach by the Vema is less intense than would churches to the needs of youth. normally be expected. The reason for With a difference. There is of course this is as yet unknown, but scientists very little in these resolutions which is believe it is because the rock of which the seamounl is made has self-cancel­ new or revolutionary. But their vital PREPARING FOR A CLOSE LOOK AT difference lies in the fact that they stem VEMA ling magnetic properties. from the only body which is truly A fifth Province? The earth hath bubbles. If Vema is representative of all denominations and to be of any practical importance then churches in Southafrica. For Neptune's palace. Seaniounls are com­ it will be as a fishing ground. A good IDAMASA includes among its mem­ mon throughout the world, but this is anchorage point, it lies near the Cape bers representatives of the Ehitch the first time that one has been studied basin — theoretically one of the world's Reformed Churches, the Roman near Southafrican waters, and samples richest fishing grounds which at the Catholic Church, the independent of the bottom flora, fauna and bedrock moment is exploited only by a few churches and the majority of other collected. With its 35-mile base dia­ Russian ships operating thousands of Protestant Churches. Its resolutions meter Vema was selected for a number miles away from home. therefore speak in a many-tongued of reasons: the fauna and flora are iso- This buried mountain offers treasure voice. loted from the mainland; the peak is for Southafricans too.

NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 4} iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii'iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^ THEATRE ENTERTAINMENT Reverent irreverance Another production based on the Book SPECTACLE Act between. As for the turns, they of Job — this time it is Robert Mohr's are all remarkably good. The Hernianis small masterpiece of theatre at Cape­ Oddly for the innocent from Germany do things with diabolos town's Little Theatre, his staging of It's difficult to see what Sam Beckett that would bug the eyes of the Ed- Archibald MacLeish's 20th Century and lonescu are making a fuss about. wardians who invented the game; allegory J.B. which determinedly uses The theatre of the absurd existed long Arnaut, Joan and Arnaut from the US every trick of modern theatre, of before they invented it — in the Folies add a new dimension to the errand modernity itself, to restate the drama Bergere, Moulin Rouge, London Casi­ boy's whistle. There is a British con­ of man bent to breaking under no spectacles. The basic ingredient is jurer, Michael Allporl, who produces adversity. simple enough — a mass exposure of doves from everywhere, including from The blows. J.B.'s action is put into a human bodies cluttered with fur, a balloon which he blows up under circus in which God (Mr Zuss) and feathers, fabrics, till they can hardly the audience's eyes; and there is a trio Satan (Nickles) are two vendors. They perambulate. As even prurience can't of Swedish tumblers who not only do assume masks and act out their own keep it up indefinitely, the flash-and- incredible things bul have one of them struggle, while J.B. (Job), to begin flesh parade has to be broken up by do them as a gonc-man-Goon might with a successful businessman, suffers "turns". It's absurd theatre all right — do them. tragedy upon tragedy in the circus ring. and frequently a great deal more enter­ Nice, nice. For the binoculars set, for His eldest son is killed in a gratuitous taining than the Theatre of the Absurd. the champagne-from-her-slipper en­ action at the end of the war; his All over the place. Dragging them in thusiasts, this Moulin Rouge ("Wives youngest daughter is raped and mur­ in Johannesburg at the moment — and fiancees, sweethearts — don't let your dered by a psychopath; two other due for Durban, EL, PE, Capetown man go alone" say the posters) is not children die in a road accident. and Pretoria later — is one of these what they might think or even hope. Financially and physically crippled, hammered by circumstance, he suffers the final blow: his wife leaves him just when his faith in God is at its lowest ebb. The comforters as well are modernised and become a priest, a psychoanalyst, a Communist (Church, science, atheis­ tic materialism). As in the Bible, their's is cold comfort: to this Job, the kindliness of a chorus of ageing prosti­ tutes makes more sense. Question and answer. The old ques­ tions, with new interrogation points, arise. If God is just, then were J.B.'s children wicked? If they were not, then does He slaughter senselessly? That, J.B. learns, is not the point. Under­ standing begins when he accepts man's insignificance in the scale and grandeur of God's universe. Only when he does this can he pass from dependence and humbleness to independence, dignity, pride in his own human-ness. Only then can he accept life again even THE LINE IN "MOUIim BOUGE" though he knows that the future may Can-Can, pom-poms — and yes-yes be as much a struggle against calamity as was the past. spectacles, Moulin Rouge. Lautrec has The troupes of children who occupy For now. Paradoxically, J.B. is not a not entirely got Toulost and the block-booked seats will have their thesis play, and neither Mohr, nor his audience is taken Offen enough bach libidos left as pristine as children's actors, (William Curry as Nickles, Roy with scads of high kicks, frilly petti­ ever are. For despite the acres of un­ Sargeant as Mr Zuss, Percy Sieff in coats and the Can-Can gesture of im­ doubtedly pretty flesh, there is a the name part and Judy Gritzman as pertinence. Connoisseurs of this kind simple naivete about these kind of his wife), play it like this. For the play of entertainment will relish even more shows that smacks more of the circus is the author's creation of a human perhaps the long number Cleopatra in than of sin, of fairgrounds than of experience at this point of history, which both Anthony and Cleo wear femmes fatalcs. Over the bare bodies intended to remain always pertinent. strips of 3" gold fringe and somewhere and their parentheses of feathers, fur, Kazan, when he did the play on along the Nile break into a kind of spangles, even fluorescent paint, there Broadway, made Nickles a Beat Gene­ samba Twist; or a Peruvian scene always flashes a smile of rather nice ration kid; Mohr makes his Satan an (complete with erupting volcano) which simplicity. If these dolls could open angry young Coloured man. J.B. can somehow contrives to make South their mouths what they would probably stand this kind of treatment — its American Indians in ponchos and say is: "You won't believe this, you theme is universal, its compass the bowler hats exhibit the obligatory know, but we do this just for kicks." limits of man's spirit. And in this pro­ navel to neckline vistas. True enough. duction, its impact is tremendous.

NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 ODD MAN IN The man who stands out in a crowd. He's typical of the Mobil team. The man who stands out, not because he's a giant... or an exhibitionist... or a crank. But because he is an individual. With the individual's courage not to act or think exactly like the rest of the crowd. A man who doesn't accept the written word without question. A man with bold new ideas and a hanker­ ing to make his own discoveries. Maybe some of his ideas won't be practicable. But they all deserve a hearing. And they get a hearing at Mobil. Why? Because Mobil doesn't agree that the old way of doing things is necessarily the best. It seldom is. It's this 'Odd Man In' and others like him that make Mobil such a personal and individual organisation. A company that's tied to the future, not to the past. A company that's in on the latest develop­ ments from all over the world. (And often a jump ahead of them!) A company that doesn't try to squeeze a man into a mould, but encourages him to be himself and to think for himself. The 'Odd Man In' is one of Mobil's most valuable assets.

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NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 45 Somerset, nio^crn tions. The camera dwells on each because the Herman Wouk novel from with precision but allows little pre­ which the film was made is a lemon, Perhaps Maugham's greatest novel was occupation with nuance in character a ponderous discourse on what it feels Of Human Bondage. Vitally aware and attitude. Story-development is like to be a top author (and Wouk of every twinge and shout of a young efficient: Philip is shown in stages must know) which drags in love and life, it avoided the cold polish of his one to four of anguished obsession adultery more or less as incidentals. later, more perfect, productions. with Mildred, and then in stages one Moral is . . . Youngblood Hawke is Translated into a black and white to four of increasing ability to steel a coaltrucker turned novelist. He film by MGM, this story of medical himself against her. Crescendo and turns out one book, it flops. He turns student Philip Carey and his irrational decrescendo are brisk, Mildred's out another; it is a success; he is a passion for a blonde cookie named death-scene brusque — she croaks Pulitzer prizewinner. Converting one Mildred (crumbly round the edges but farewell under a superb set of bruises, of the novels to a play, enmeshed hard-baked at the core) has the pale and hollow cheeks. More in­ with a good agent, film rights cameraman hover around the edges of teresting, somehow, are the pale dazzlingly in the offing, Hawke looks the printed page, but never quite (marble) cheeks of the Rodin statues like a success. But no — along the penetrate the book's vast warmth. which form a fine and dramatic back­ way he has mixed with a married Cleverly refraining from the unreal ground to the introductory titles. woman (a bright spot in the film as polish of technicolour. Bondage still played by Genevieve Page) and in never quite removes the gloss from Hairdryer art this kind of novel he Must Pay. He its main stars, Laurence Harvey and Best come-on line of the year, does. So does the filmgoer, as Hawke Kim Novak. They arc not untidily splashed on a hundred posters, looks struggles through financial difficulties, human enough: Harvey suffers very like being: "A woman could feel him pneumonia, final defeat and uUimatc quietly, with narrowed eyes and across the room". But its subject, redemption at the hands of the good straight mouth, Kim Novak (beautiful Warner Bros' Youngblood Hawke, woman who has had a yen for him in a flat, translucent way), though she somehow does not live up to the all along. now and then conveys the empty come-on. Partly it is the fact that Hawke is in short a tale of sweetness and selfish sensuality of Mildred'^ after this statement there is something and light, glossily presented, glossily character with a slithering side-glance wrong with hero Hawke having only photographed, and as glossily acted. and a toss of the head, is not — and two women react to him; partly it is It is not remarkable in any way, fills never could be — a Cockney waitress. because James Franciscus as Hawke its two hours with bright vacuity, and Next, please. These two bicker and has a face and a physique like the is enjoyable mainly to the addicts of sigh their way through a series of Mount Rushmore's presidents and an the kind of love story devoured under love-hate arguments and reconcilia­ immobility to match; mostly it is dryers in hairdressing saloons. YOUR FASTER FREIGHT SERVICE LLOYD JRIESTINO

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NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 49 ot a more expressionistic and less whimsical Raoul Dufy, although their i|ii||||lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll personality is of a different sort — BOOKS more powerful. His landscapes range Unlike grandfather; her high in the air. The child's body, from tnc violently lush to those which rigid and horizontal, for a moment jiave been quietly painted and defined. like grandson seemed suspended in air. Then, as the A deep red sky (in one} has the sun body began to fall, the second man etched onto it like an eight-pointed It is quite a feat to overcome the raised his dagger above his head so star which seems to linger in the handicap of ancestor-worship. Winston that the child's stomach fell onto the coloured area. The still life Pot of Spencer Churchill (25) has the image point of the naked blade." Churchill Flowers with Fruit has straight-spined of Sir Winston Spencer Churchill to was understandably relieved to hear blooms, a flat Matisse-method of contend with and, though treating it that nowadays "the man pulled the paint application and Matisse-colour with due respect, manages to present dagger downwards as fast as the child pattern-making. The work is im­ his views and his personality as those was falling." petuous but never careless. Each of a clear thinking young man per se, Come again please. Even when describ­ straying colour-stripe is purposeful. not as the promising descendant of an ing contentious matters, Churchill has In Head oj Man with Palm Leaf every Illustrious Grandfather. This ability is equanimity and a pleasant lack of line-incision is there for a reason — to admirably evident in his first book surround the almost etched head with First Journey (Heinemann) which tells subtle pattern, and finally to stick of a 20,000 mile journey from Africa's before its nose an incised palm leaf. top to Africa's tip in a single-engined This painting, with its subdued, Piper Comanche which he piloted weathered tones is totally effective in with a friend, Arnold van Bohlen. its understatement. After a hop through Syria, the The drawings are sometimes like those Jordanian side of the Jordan-Israel large-framed Pic isso women that loll border, Cairo ("an imposing facade") about a canvas. Souza's are idle women and Khartoum, the pair landed at too, pinned to the block by a few firm Addis Ababa in Ethiopia and had an lines. interpreted chat with Emperor Haile Coda. Souza is important because he Selassie ("Arnold and I were left in is not afraid of using colour and flat no doubt as to who runs the country"). brusque design. He has the power to In Mogadishu they were witness to a paint his convictions and present the Parliamentary debate: "The Minister whole in an abrupt, prercmptory way: of Information was having a tough time trying to get his budget estimates . . . approved. He was being subjected to a voluble attack by a member who demanded to know why, since Somalia was engaged in a grave dispute with Ethiopia over their common border, the Minister spent so much of his allotted budget in transmitting light music to the Ethiopians rather than hard-hitting AUTHOR CHURCHIMJ propaganda." A stroll through the coiitinenl Jungle ball. Churchill is not an arro­ emotionalism. Of Schweitzer's Lam- gant tourist. He writes in a preface barene hospital he says: "There are "... the impressions of Africa recorded certain things one a.ssociates with here were formed as the result of a hospitals the world over . . . concrete flying visit," and leaves it at that. He floors, white-washed rooms, iron beds, describes very clearly, with simple electricity, lavatories, running water, words and without intellectual fuss and that rather nasty smell of dis­ each situation as he finds it. For infectant. None of these are to be "POT OF FIJOWEKS WITH FRUIT" instance tribal dancing in the jungles found in the African quarters of the Nt) haiiaiuis on yesterday's mango of the Ivory Coast: "Throbbing hospital of Lambarene." There are drumbeats called the villagers together certain things one (and especially a "This is how I feel, and this is what I and they formed themselves into a Southafrican) comes to associate with am." He is important too, because circle about thirty feet in diameter. visiting journalists: inaccuracy, conceit, Southafrica, looking at his drenched Three young girls, six or seven years and that rather nasty belief that a few canvases, will understand the meaning old, with their bodies daubed with acid paragraphs will "put the whole of his originality — and fe;l the scales white paint and covered with beads, abhorrent situation right." None of of boredom lifting from its eyes. were led into the circle by two men these are to be found in the writings And Souza has as well an original carrying long pointed daggers. One of of Winston Churchill Jnr. turn of phrase. Questioned once on his the men wiped the blade of his dagger antipathy towards abstracts, he said: with a leopard-skin that was tied to Life and times "I'm not painting a mango seed to be his waist, while the other rubbed his surprised next day that it's grown with what looked like a piece of James Hardy Vaux. an elegant and bananas." Yes, yes, murmur his public. monkey's tail. As the drums beat intelligent swindler and pickpocket, And bow once more tj the cast, to the faster the man with the leopard-skin plied his trade in early 19th century sun -— and to Souza. seized one of the little girls and tossed England and, becau.se he was not so NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 NEWS/CHECK OFFERS A FREE BONUS TO NEW AND RENEWING SUBSCRIBERS Subscribers to NEWS/CfHECK will receive FREE a new, specially designed map of the RESOURCES OF SOUTHAFRICA, in six colours and with bilingual terminology. 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NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER 1964 Beyond the fringe kinders wat deur hul owerheid die onbekende ingestuur is, gewapen met Michael Frayn has gathered together — vvat? Onkunde en 'n vae, teoretiese the volatile and sometimes lunatic broederliefde"); and had discussions sketches and essays from his column with the major dignitaries in each area in the London Obxcrver and tied them visited. Then she wrote a book about down into a book which he has the whole thing and called it Die Staf labelled On the Outskirts CCollins). van Monomotopa (Tafelberg-Uitge- All his beliefs, quibbles and neuroses wers). line up loud and clear in neatly read­ Staf is as conscientious as an acade­ able print. He is convinced, for in­ mic treatise, although the regularity of stance, that if he buys a swivel chair, description (we-went-here-and-then-we- he will gain a completely new person­ went-there) is relieved by discussion of ality among with it; that opinions are the social milieu in Mozambique. Two wonderful — "very sociable things to central aspects stand out: firstly the have. You can swop them with a idea (publicised all over in posters) that stranger to break the ice. You can Mozambique is only Mozambique be­ bring them out when your relations cause it is Portugal; and secondly the call. They make a party go. And apparent success of racial integration. they're absolutely safe"; that 1964 is The following point made by a Portu­ '^^^ haunted by a telephonic ghost called guese doctor in LM is typical: "Ons Ron Number who phones "when one's is 'n klein volkie wat die helfte van die guests have been warmed with food wereld verower het. Ons het nie mense and wine to the point where they are gehad om te stuur om die Portugese AUTHOR-PICKPOCKET VAUX just beginning to speak openly and gesag en kultuur en taal oral waar ons Look them in the eye directly from the depths of them­ gebied gestrek het, te handhaaf nie. selves. 'Oh', he says, 'Ron Number'. Ons moes van die mense wat byder- quite intelligent enough, spent years And afterwards nothing is quite the hand was, Portugese maak . . . Vandag of captivity in Australia writing his same again." is almal Portugese burgers van waiter memoirs. Public Relations, too. Frayn is sure, ras of geslag ookal, en Portugees is A new book. The Memoirs of James moreover, that every human being hul moedertaal." Hardy Vaux, (Heinemann) re-presents has "an inalienable right to enjoy a Happy mediums. Struggling a little this autobiography (along with a decent inferiority complex"; that God with scepticism, Elsa Joubert then vocabulary of pickpocket language), should have a new image based on visits a lonely farmer near the Zambesi and the man emerges as yet once more the slogan God is Ultimate Reality who tells her of the Monomotopa of those robust rogues which the last since this is "a sort of New Wonder century produced so abundantly, and legend. The actu:il staf was held by the Reality containing Formula X"; and Monomotopa tribe as far back as 1500. in such luxuriant vigour. that just as "great art is produced Vaux is frank when describing his It enabled them to predict the future, from a fruitful tension between and re-iterate the past. ELsa Joubert pickpocketing activities — and other counterpoised forces, so is toothpaste." pre-occupations of his multi-faceted clutches a facsimile thereof in the He is also well aware of the abomin­ flight back from the Monomotopa area character: "Among my domestic able habits of some newspapers: amusements 1 practised drawing, for and wishes in th^ dark warm night "dat "Every day the papers take themselves ek die krag van die toordoktors het om which 1 had a good natural genius..." further and further to bits and mark Before the age of fifteen "I could die staf in my hand tc hou en in die learn to drink grog" and, the reader each bit with the name of its genus, toekoms tc sien." And here she is will be gratified to hear, "its inspiring like an unusually devoted anatomy unlike the Portuguese, who have ap­ qualities soon caused me to banish all lecturer amputating his various limbs parently discarded the wish to pro­ reserve." Vaux usually breakfasted and organs and pickling them in phecy, travelling with ideological in coffee-houses, had a running labelled demonstration bottles. Nowa­ cocksureness instead. acquaintance with most of the pawn­ days papers don't just have articles on brokers in London, and an everlasting corsets and fishing and Mexico; they belligerence towards any judges who have features called WITH WOMEN IN had the audacity to sentence him. MIND, ANGLING ANGLES, and AWAY Vauxdeville. Vaux's technique was FROM IT ALL." He has something there. varied and sometimes ingenious: "My practice was to enter a shop and Who are the natives? request to look at . . . small articles of value; and while examining them, Elsa Joubert went to Mozambique, and looking the shopkeeper in the travelled quite extensively from Lou- face, I contrived by sleight of hand to renco Marques in the south to Nampula conceal two or three in the sleeve of in the north. She was conscientious my coat, which was purposely made about looking and listening and deci­ wide." ding. She looked at integrated schools; at the Limpopo valley agricultural The pickpocketing trade has never scheme with its thirteen villages and been the same since the rise of black and white inhabitants living com­ modernity — and zips. Vaux's fortably side by side; she noticed a chronicles will go down as a record of group of American Peace Corps volun­ a most noble profession in its pristine teers at a cafe table in the town of INTEGRATED MOZAMBIQUANS glory. Tete ("Ek kyk na die jong, onervare And the future?

52 NEWS/CHECK 4 DECEMBER }96A »%^

LION lAGER

Home roast is best on LION it's tender within. Dished I Mondays, Tuesdays... any LAGER up with greens and crusty day. Honest-to-goodness potatoes. Double the plea­ fare done to a turn. Basted sure with lager — lager brown and crisp outside so ^^ gives so much to beef! Whet vour annpt-il-e —dn^^n a T«ion? Wm

M First Prize and Gate* ^'*''-=d 4i Hali>Centpry A mS: m (A Wine Exhibition, London

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