Is affordable housing, about housing?

Sepehr Zhand | Space Syntax Laboratory © Copernicus satellite imagery – google earth

© Sepehr Zhand © Sepehr Zhand Population Growth 8000000

7000000

6000000

5000000

4000000

3000000

2000000

1000000

0 1,976 1,986 1,996 2,006

Satellite Cities' Population Growth Urban Population Growth

Source: Municipality of Tehran Statistics Centre: http://atlas.tehran.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=80 population Average Population Growth Rate per Annum Town name 1956 1966 1976 1986 1996 2006 1956-66 1966-76 1976-86 1986-96 1996-06 481 1006 50292 215129 265450 351171 7.4 39.1 14.5 2.1 2.8 Eshtehard 4542 5149 5074 8095 10274 16988 1.3 -0.1 4.7 2.4 5 4468 6332 9934 17283 29884 41480 3.5 4.5 5.5 5.5 3.3 Damavand 4523 5391 9902 15309 22337 36433 1.8 6.1 4.4 3.8 4.9 2328 3147 47663 17903 26656 62937 3 27.2 -9.8 4 8.6 Roudehen 1161 1743 3038 6550 11866 19535 4.1 5.7 7.5 5.9 5 Shahriar 3748 6626 11697 224333 40058 189120 5.7 5.7 29.5 -17.2 15.5 Gharchak 167 1167 14925 77957 142690 173832 19.4 25.5 16.5 6 2 14526 44243 137926 275100 940967 1377450 11.1 11.4 6.9 12.3 3.8 Nazar Abad 799 2881 9889 21660 69342 97684 12.8 12.3 7.8 11.6 3.4 5202 11183 25792 58311 107232 208569 7.6 8.4 8.2 6.1 6.7 Hashtgerd 1078 1828 5628 16761 33568 45332 5.3 11.2 10.9 6.9 3 Hassan Abad 594 463 1974 1211 11178 20451 -2.5 14.5 -4.9 22.2 6 1490 1182 7761 6530 1087 15448 7.4 39.1 -1.7 4.8 3.8 1267 2463 5640 17788 28976 43100 1.3 -0.1 11.5 4.9 4 Ghods (Ghale Hasan Khan) 994 2467 8406 74802 138278 229534 3.5 4.5 21.9 6.1 5.1 1369 2596 5970 9160 88118 228673 1.8 6.1 4.3 22.6 9.5 1704 2668 5459 18308 49220 126281 3 27.2 12.1 9.9 9.4 total 50441 102535 366970 1082190 2017181 3284018 5.416667 13.79444 8.322222 6.661111 5.655556

Source: Municipality of Tehran Statistics Centre: http://atlas.tehran.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=80 Population Average Population Growth Rate per Annum District 1976 1986 1996 2006 1976-86 1986-96 1996-06 1 183883 216467 249676 272758 2.8 1.4 4 2 320545 269483 458089 599915 3.3 5.3 2.7 3 222007 217084 237301 284457 -0.4 0.9 1.8 4 316904 479512 662166 812238 6.9 3.2 2 5 67199 243824 421995 677569 21.5 5.6 4.6 6 231683 258838 220231 217127 1.8 -1.6 -0.1 7 327032 302217 300312 305240 -1.3 -0.1 0.2 8 365516 346474 336474 378519 -0.9 -0.3 1.2 9 200867 189805 173482 162158 -0.9 -0.9 -0.7 10 343551 311104 282308 315172 -1.7 -1 1.1 11 276712 247927 223965 269276 -1.8 -1 1.8 12 301701 230657 189625 244190 -4.5 -2 2.5 13 209600 245447 266700 242575 2.6 0.8 0.9 14 398858 394111 450160 475520 -0.2 1.3 0.5 15 420561 633517 649370 643029 6.5 0.4 -0.1 16 347535 289474 302410 290630 -3 0.5 -0.4 17 353428 287367 264300 255864 -3.4 -0.8 -0.3 18 211606 296430 298600 317110 5.6 0.1 0.6 19 140354 216318 227389 248315 7.2 0.5 0.9 20 355653 356079 379750 334867 5.5 0.6 -1.3 21 188890 216970 157939 1.4 -3.2 22 31162 56020 67320 105461 9.8 1.8 4.5 total 5595195 6277045 6878593 7609929 2.638095 0.731818 1.054545 Source: Municipality of Tehran Statistics Centre: http://atlas.tehran.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=80 18.9% of all the housing units (approximately 490000 units) in the urban area –whole 22 districts - have remained empty by 2016,

Source: Statistical Centre of : which is 3 times the global average. http://lib.sci.org.ir/DiglibGuest/WebUI/Index.aspx

Lack of an open data source changed housing to a commodity with 100% profit in the first year

Poverty? Not exactly! Saving 30% of monthly income on average

Employment? Mainly non-contractual service sector

Legal tenancy? Unclear. With people living in it, a structure cant be torn apart.

Access to public services? Yes! Except for the 37% that did not have landlines!

Access to public welfare On average, every household received welfare services from 3 services? different institutes. In cases the house hold exploited up to 13 different public services. Alternatives? Gentrification! Shared ownership, and Refused public housing.

Would they consider Not with the conditions being offered. participating in the alternative programmes? Lack of a comprehensive data base, resulted in: - The malfunction and the failure of public, housing projects. - Exploitation of public funds and services. - Intensification of informal housing.

Is affordable housing, about housing?