More Than Just a Pretty Face: Otters Are a Keystone Species

VOL. 8 • NO. 1 • SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2021

More than just a pretty face: Otters are a keystone species.

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CRITTER FILE

1WK22_01_Cover.indd 1 8/7/21 4:15 PM VOL. 8 • NO. 1 • SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2021

6-9 10-13 14-17 SCIENCE SOUP TIME MACHINE CITIZEN SHIP

Celebrating Caring for e life of an cartoon dogs foster kids and oyster and the and a brave planting 100 death of a star Frenchman million trees

18-21 22-25 26-29 TAKE APART SMART CRITTER FILE JET BALLOON

Cave/banks in Dinosaurs: Losing a lake Morocco and Very large. in Bolivia and a big birthday Otters: Very saving a park in celebration cute and helpful! North Macedonia

also in this issue: 3 PUZZLING TIMES | 4-5 NEWS SHORTS | 30-31 EVEN MORE NEWS SHORTS | 32 PUZZLING TIMES

Gardener Gemma Hearn poses for photographs on July 30, 2021. She is making a final trim of the Hampton Court Palace Maze before it reopens to the public. The palace stands in southwest London, England. The maze was first planted in 1689. It is the oldest hedge maze in Great Britain. It reopened in August after being closed since the beginning of the UK’s coronavirus outbreak in March 2020. Three gardeners spent two weeks trimming it ahead of the reopening.

Hint: These numbers IT’S OUR 40th BIRTHDAY! are clues. (Read about it on page 20.) Search this issue for

printing press type-styled _n 1998, a _u_s_r__er _a_d __r PHOTOS AP PAGE: & THIS COVER letters to fill in the blanks 24 20 28 829 27 713 26 18 and reveal an interesting fact ___ __b__ri___on _it_ a _i_e _i_! from our past . . . 5 22 14 12 25 6 11 159 10 17 23 4 19 21 16

WORLDkids, Issue 1, September 2021 (ISSN #2372-7357, USPS #700-950) is published 6 times per year—September, November, January, March, May, and July for $35.88 per year, by God’s World News, God’s World Publications, 12 All Souls Crescent, Asheville, NC 28803. Periodicals postage paid at Asheville, NC, and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to WORLDkids, PO Box 20002, Asheville, NC 28802-8201. EDITORIAL DIRECTOR, WORLD FOR STUDENTS: Rich Bishop, MANAGING EDITOR: Rebecca Cochrane, CONTRIBUTORS: Chelsea Boes, Kate Womack, Anna Smith, DESIGN DIRECTOR: Rob Patete. Member Services: (828) 435-2982, Advertising Sales: (828) 253-8063,

2 worldkids • SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2021

1WK22_02-03_Contents_PT.indd 2 8/7/21 10:38 PM These four friends have lost their dogs. SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2021 Which dog goes with each owner? Read the clues to figure it out. Fill in the spaces for each of the quizzes.

JIM ANITA MAX JESSIE

Quiz 1 ____ Quiz 1 ____ Quiz 1 ____ Quiz 1 ____ Quiz 2 ____ Quiz 2 ____ Quiz 2 ____ Quiz 2 ____ Quiz 3 ____ Quiz 3 ____ Quiz 3 ____ Quiz 3 ____ Quiz 4 ____ Quiz 4 ____ Quiz 4 ____ Quiz 4 ____ Quiz 5 ____ Quiz 5 ____ Quiz 5 ____ Quiz 5 ____

Jim’s dog has a red collar. Jessie’s dog has long hair. Quiz Quiz 1 Max’s dog is to the left of Jim’s. 2 Jim’s dog has black and white fur. Jessie’s dog is on one end. Max’s dog has floppy ears. Which dog is Anita’s? Anita’s dog has a red collar.

Jessie’s dog has a long tail. Max’s dog is on the right end. Quiz Quiz 3 Max’s dog has a blue collar. 4 Anita’s dog has pointy ears. Jim’s dog is to the left of Jessie’s dog. Jim’s dog is to the left of Anita’s. Jessie’s dog is next to Jim’s. Jim’s and Anita’s dogs both have floppy ears. Quiz 5 Jessie’s dog is on one end. HINT: Friends do not always get Anita’s dog has short hair. the same dogs in each quiz.

C Rocky A Hint: Pepper These numbers are clues. COVER & THIS PAGE: AP PHOTOS AP PAGE: & THIS COVER

B Mina

WORLDkids, Issue 1, September 2021 (ISSN #2372-7357, USPS #700-950) is published 6 times per year—September, November, January, March, May, and July for $35.88 per year, by God’s World News, God’s World Publications, 12 All Souls Crescent, Asheville, NC 28803. Periodicals postage paid at Asheville, NC, and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: : Rich Bishop, MANAGING EDITOR: Rebecca D Cochrane, CONTRIBUTORS: Chelsea Boes, Kate Womack, Anna Smith, DESIGN DIRECTOR: Rob Patete. Member Services: (828) 435-2982, Advertising Sales: (828) 253-8063, Arlo [email protected] Mailing address: WORLDkids, PO Box 20002, Asheville, NC 28802-8201. Telephone (828) 253-8063. © 2021 God’s World News, God’s World Publications. KRIEG BARRIE Answers on page 5

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2021 • worldkids 3

1WK22_02-03_Contents_PT.indd 3 8/7/21 4:24 PM Disappearing Titanic

Titanic was a magnificent ocean liner. It was called “unsinkable.” But it struck an iceberg 109 years ago. The great ship did sink. Now it’s decomposing under water. Strong currents slam into the ship. Bacteria eat huge holes in it. “The ocean is taking this thing. And we need to document it before it all disappears,” says Stockton Rush. He is the president of OceanGate Expeditions. OceanGate explorers are in a hurry to investigate the ship. They are going undersea to explore the wreckage. The expedition includes archaeologists and marine biologists. There are also about 40 people who bought tickets to tag along and watch. Those people will help operate equipment on board a support ship. The scientists will go below in a small submersible. That’s like a tiny One of World Trade Center towers collapses on September 11, 2001. submarine. The deep-sea explorers plan to photograph Titanic and the sea life living in and around it. They want to document what remains before it is gone forever. A Very Sad Anniversary America’s history. On September 11, 2001, men who 9 hated the United States hijacked four passenger planes. They flew one into each of New York City’s World Trade Center towers. Those skyscrapers crashed down. Another plane hit the Pentagon building outside Washington, D.C. The fourth didn’t reach its target. Passengers on board NOAA/IFE/URI WRECKAGE: • TITANIC PHOTOS AP chose to fight the hijackers. That plane went down in a field in Pennsylvania. In all, 2,977 individuals lost their lives on that terrible day. Many still grieve their lost family members. Some search for answers about who was responsible and why. This broken world is full of grief. That’s because sin still has effects. But it won’t always be that way. Revelation 21:4 says that Jesus will come back. And then, “He will wipe away every tear from their eyes, and death shall be no more, neither shall there be mourning, nor Titanic crying, nor pain anymore, for the former things have wreckage

passed away.” AP PHOTOS • PERSEUS & ZOI: HANDOUT

4 worldkids • SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2021

1WK22_04-05_Shorts4.indd 4 8/7/21 4:29 PM h Perseus: Nine lives but only one original leg Perseus Gets Legs A homeless cat in Greece is walking again. He has three new high-tech legs. “Within the first 10, 15 seconds he acted as if he had always had them. He Rock shock in Rome 1WK_22 Quiz Answers for Print walked immediately without a problem,” says veterinarian Sofia Zoi. QUIZZES: Rare Stone Discovered A tragic accident left Perseus with Science Soup, p, Oysters, black holes 1. b, 2. c, 3. b, 4. c just one limb. The little feline is just a Archaeologists discovered a rare stone marker. year and a half old. He arrived at Dr. Time Machine, p, Cartoon dogs, The Marquis de Lafaye e 1. b, 2. c, They were digging for a new sewage system in Zoi’s clinic last year unable to walk. 3. b, 4. d, 5. Answers will vary but may include: Dogs make great characters because they are familiar, fun, eager to please, Rome. The stone has writing on it. The inscription Since coming to the clinic intelligent, sometimes goofy, and easy to relate to. helped archaeologists figure out exactly how old it in March 2020, Perseus is. When the ancient stone was placed, Emperor has been through three Citizen Ship, p, Foster care, India trees 1. b, 2. c, 3. b, 4. a Claudius was ruling as Caesar. That was in A.D. surgeries to heal his 49. A look at history tells us that the stone was wounds. He’s had Take Apart Smart, p, Granaries, WNG 40th anniversary 1. d, 2. d, carved during New Testament times. That was another four surger- 3. c, 4. a, 5. Answers will vary but may include so that people can around the time Paul was beginning his second ies to replace his legs pray for things going on in the world, so that people know how to One of World Trade Center towers collapses on September 11, 2001. Dr. Zoi missionary journey. It’s when he probably with artificial limbs. A act and vote, so that people can watch for news that aﬀ ects wrote his letter to the Galatians. team of engineers and health, work, education, freedom, and so on. The stone marked a sacred, military, and veterinarians designed Cri er File, p, New dinosaur, Sea o ers 1. b, 2. c, 3. b, 4. a political boundary. It designated the edge of the Perseus’ new legs from titanium. That is city. In Rome at that time, no one could farm, live, a strong, lightweight metal. Each leg has Jet Balloon, p, The Uru, North Macedonia park 1. c, 2. d, 3. a, 4. d, or build anything in this area. No weapons could a plastic paw made with a 3-D printer. 5. Answers will vary but may include moving to a new rural lake or be brought through the space either. Everyone wondered if Perseus location, trying to build in the dry lakebed, ﬁ nding a city and Over the years, archaeologists have found 10 would accept his new legs. Would he changing ways entirely, following relatives to their new homes, or other stones like this one in Rome. The last marker try to bite them? So far, Perseus’ new moreww. Encourage your child to be creative and to trust God’s

AP PHOTOS • TITANIC WRECKAGE: NOAA/IFE/URI WRECKAGE: • TITANIC PHOTOS AP Emperor Claudius discovery before this one was about 100 years ago. legs are working out great! provisions in all hard times.

Down: 1 O o, 2 Lydia, 3 Bolivia, 4 France, 6 Paleontologists, 9 Australia, 10 reeds, 12 Texas, 13 sapling, 15 typewriter, 17 oyster, 18 Pharaoh. Colors: rooms, pale, storm, king, pit. king, storm, pale, rooms, Colors: Pharaoh. 18 oyster, 17 typewriter, 15 sapling, 13 Texas, 12 reeds, 10 Australia, 9 Paleontologists, 6 France, 4 Bolivia, 3 Lydia, 2 o, O 1 Down:

Across: 5. scriptorium, 7 grain, 8 Jonathan, 11 Sun, 12 trees, 14 astronomers, 16 Word, 18 Pekingese, 19 o er, 20 turkey, 21 salt, 22 cold, 23 23 cold, 22 salt, 21 turkey, 20 er, o 19 Pekingese, 18 Word, 16 astronomers, 14 trees, 12 Sun, 11 Jonathan, 8 grain, 7 scriptorium, 5. Across: : 32 PAGE | times. hard all in . . igoudar

build in the dry lakebed, ﬁ nding a city and changing ways entirely, following relatives to their new homes, or more. Encourage your child to be creative and to trust God’s provisions provisions God’s trust to and creative be to child your Encourage more. or homes, new their to relatives following entirely, ways changing and city a nding ﬁ lakebed, dry the in build

1. c, 2. d, 3. a, 4. d, 5. Answers will vary but may include moving to a new rural lake or location, trying to to trying location, or lake rural new a to moving include may but vary will Answers 5. d, 4. a, 3. d, 2. c, 1. Macedonia North Uru, The p26-29, BALLOON, JET | a 4. b, 3. c, 2. b, 1. s r e o

CRITTER FILE, p22-25, New dinosaur, Sea Sea dinosaur, New p22-25, FILE, CRITTER | on. so and freedom, education, work, health, ects aﬀ that news for watch can people that so vote, and act to how know people that

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| a 4. b, 3. c, 2. b, 1. trees India care, Foster p14-17, SHIP, CITIZEN | to. relate to easy and goofy, sometimes intelligent, please, to eager fun, familiar, are they because characters

1. b, 2. c, 3. b, 4. d, 5. Answers will vary but may include: Dogs make great great make Dogs include: may but vary will Answers 5. d, 4. b, 3. c, 2. b, 1. e Lafaye de Marquis The dogs, Cartoon p10-13, MACHINE, TIME | c 4. b, 3. c, 2. b, 1. holes Black Oysters,

p6-9, p6-9, SOUP, SCIENCE QUIZZES: | D C, B, A, 5) A, D, C, B, 4) B, D, C, A, 3) D, A, B, C, 2) D, A, C, B, 1) : 3 PAGE | pig! live a with subscription his for paid subscriber a 1998, In 2: PAGE AP PHOTOS • PERSEUS & ZOI: HANDOUT

worldkids 5 —-——- —- SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2021 •

1WK22_04-05_Shorts4.inddh 5 8/7/21 4:30 PM shells out to dry for at least six months. at dry time makes sure any meat or foreign substances bake off or decay from the shells. Dry, clean shells get loaded onto a barge that sets off into the river. Workers use high-pressure hoses to blast the 10-foot-tall piles of shells into the water. WHOOSH! SPLASH! e hoses make the job easy. It takes less than an hour to wash thousands of shells into the river. In the water, the shells will become new oyster colonies. Free-fl oating baby oysters called spat hop on board the recycled shells. Spat attach themselves to the calcium-rich remains and begin to grow. Oyster-saving programs are going on around the world. With fun names like “Shuck it for Nantucket” and “Shuck, Don’t Chuck,” more and more restaurants are casting oyster shells overboard. In Maryland, the Chesa- peake Bay Foundation turns 2,000 bushels of recycled shells per year into oyster habitat in the bay. e state of Texas collected 1.75 million pounds of shells and returned them to water. Texans also restored 25 acres of oyster “ e buff et on a slow day will shuck 500 oysters, and reefs. New York, Florida, and Alabama and Australia have on a busy day, 1,200,” says Grace Chow. She’s the vice their own oyster collection projects. president of food and beverages at Hard Rock Casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey. at produces hundreds of thousands of shells every year! What happens to discard- Yum . . . to some: Have you ever tried ed oyster shells is part of a seafood circle of life. Diners’ oysters? empty shells can help establish new oyster colonies. First, people collect and clean the shells. In Atlantic City, the state picks up oyster shells with a trailer. Workers haul them to a research station. ey set the CRANIE c This barge is taking 680 bushels of clam and oyster shells to be dumped into the Mullica River in New Jersey. SCIENCE PHOTOS AP SOUP TOP: AP PHOTO BOTTOM: JUDSON M

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1WK22_06-09_SS.indd 6 8/7/21 4:46 PM Back in the water, the shells make a huge impact on the ecosystem—as well as the food chain. Oysters are water filters. One adult oyster can filter 50 gallons of water each day. Oyster colonies stabilize shorelines. They also serve as speed bumps by slowing down big waves. Oyster restoration projects are a big win! “You have the benefit not only of ecological restoration, “When you harvest an oyster, essentially you but [keeping] . . . tons of shells out of landfills,” harvest its habitat right alongside it,” says Dr. says Scott Stueber, a fisheries biologist. Jennifer Pollack at Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi. That habitat is a beautiful and purpose-filled shell. What’s the best way to recycle an oyster shell?

Farewell to the It’s hard to choose just one. The list goes on and on. shell: Workers blast Of course, plopping discarded oyster shells right the shells into the river. back into a river or ocean is ideal. Old shells are kind of like soil for seeds. They make the perfect place for new oysters to start growing. At creation, God asked Adam to take good care of the Earth and everything in it. One way we can protect oysters is to provide places for new oyster colonies to grow. Speaking of growth, the high levels of calcium and other minerals in an oyster shell are great for gardens. Shells that aren’t returned to water can be crushed and mixed into soil. They make dirt nutrient rich which helps plants grow stronger. Crushed shells can be spread on farming fields to control acid in soil. Mixed into dirt, those shells easily become microbial habitats. That means they provide nutrients for other tiny living things. Did you know that oyster shells make great chicken feed? That’s right. Hens need calcium. That’s something oyster shells pack plenty of! Calcium helps chickens grow strong, healthy bones. It also helps them lay eggs with tough, protective shells. Believe it or not, oyster shells are as hard as concrete. Literally. (Actually, when crumbled, they can make concrete.) Tabby is concrete that is a mixture of crushed oyster shells, sand, lime, and water. It’s a building material that’s been around for hundreds of years. In the 1600s, Spanish and English settlers used tabby concrete to build homes and pave roads. Those projects can still be seen today in the coastal Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida. Tabby is easy to use, inexpen- sive, and very, very strong. There are fun ways to recycle oyster CRANIE

c shells too. The shells can be turned into simple soap dishes, eye-catching jewelry,

and decorative wreaths. Some people even AP PHOTOS AP make clothes from crushed oyster shells. SeaWool is yarn and fabric made from—yes, you guessed it—recycled oyster shells. TOP: AP PHOTO BOTTOM: JUDSON M

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2021 • worldkids 7

1WK22_06-09_SS.indd 7 8/7/21 4:46 PM Discover the life cycle of a star.

This is an artist’s idea of what a black hole could look like. No one knows, but it’s fun to imagine!

G-u-l-p. It took a split second. For A black hole is an area within a neutron star and makes itself just a the fi rst time, astronomers noted space and time where gravity is so little bit more massive.” that a black hole had swallowed a strong that nothing can escape it. How did astronomers know when neutron star. Ten days later, they Not even light! In space, a black hole the collision was coming? ey detected the same thing as it hap- is the fi nal point of no return. e couldn’t actually see it happen, like pened again—far away from the fi rst. moment the neutron star crashed looking at a planet with a telescope. Two neutron stars gobbled up by the together with the black hole, the Instead, they watched gravitational gravity of black holes—talk about a neutron star was gone. It took far waves. Bursts of energy rippled heavy space snack! less than a minute. through space. e movement was a A neutron star is what is left over “It was just a big quick (gulp), sign of the event. when a big star dies in space. Neutron gone,” says study co-author Patrick In the past, astronomers have stars are dense. at means they Brady, an astrophysicist at the seen waves made from two black have a great mass that is concen- University of Wisconsin Milwaukee. holes colliding. ey’ve also watched trated into a small space. If one could e black hole “gets a nice dinner of waves made from two neutron stars exist on Earth where there is gravity, colliding. But this is the fi rst time and if it could be weighed, it would they’ve ever seen a neutron star be super heavy—much heavier than easpoon crash into a black hole. It was OOnene tteaspoon ooff aa eighs a the Sun. One teaspoon of a neutron neutron startar wweighs a bbillionillio tons . . . unexpected. e event changes n s n t aboutro what MMountount EEverestvere weighs!on star would weigh a billion tons! ut hat st s . how scientists think about e w we . n ut ig . ese stars are about six miles o hs the way diff erent bodies in ab ! wide. God knows every single space interact. star in the sky. He placed them there. Psalm 147:4 says, “He determines the number of the stars; He gives to all of them

their names.” KRIEG BARRIE

8 worldkids • SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2021

1WK22_06-09_SS.indd 8 8/7/21 4:47 PM c Average Star: An Red Giant: When an average Planetary Nebula: As White Dwarf: This is the average star is a star uses up its hydrogen, its the star burns through its last stage of the star’s life medium-sized star. It is core collapses into itself and fuel, it blows out its outer after it has used up its mostly made of helium becomes hotter. That causes layers of gas. The leftover energy. It is about the size and hydrogen gas. Our the star to expand. part of the star is usually of the Earth, but MUCH Sun is an average star. still visible in the center. denser and heavier.

Discover the life cycle of a star.

Neutron Star: Sometimes the leftover core of the star squishes all its protons and electrons together into neutrons. (Those are teeny-tiny parts of an atom.) That makes a very small, dense star—it would be like fitting the mass of the Sun into an area the size of a city.

Nebula: A nebula is a giant cloud of gas and dust. Some nebulae are regions Supernova: When the where new Massive Star: Massive star runs out of fuel, Black Hole: Sometimes a stars form. Gas, stars are also made of Red Supergiant: A massive star it collapses and then supernova becomes a black dust, and other hydrogen and helium, burns through its hydrogen faster explodes! The hole. That’s an area of matter clump but are much larger than an average star, turning into explosion is extremely space with such strong together to and have more mass a red supergiant. These are the bright and can shine gravity that nothing can make new stars. than average stars. largest stars in the universe. across an entire galaxy. escape being sucked into it.

This is an artist’s idea of what a black hole could look like. No one knows, but it’s fun to imagine!

Can you spot a supernova? How many stars are in the sky? 1. spat How much would a neutron star weigh? How far can a black hole stretch? a) an adult oyster What causes sunspots? Are asteroids loud? b) baby oysters How long is a light year? Does space dust disappear? c) a coral reef How much ice is in a comet? Do constellations ever stop shining? Are wormholes real? 2. tabby Does solar wind blow forever? How hot does the Sun get? a) yarn made from crushed oyster Colossians 1:17 says, “And He is before all things, and in Him all things hold shells together.” That includes the entire universe! God spoke and space came into being. b) chicken feed The marvelous universe He created is filled with things we can hardly begin to under- made from crushed stand. Some we can see, like our warm, bright Sun and the glimmering stars. Others oyster shells we can’t, like black holes and Oort clouds. (That’s a band of billions of icy objects that c) concrete made exist at the edge of our solar system.) from crushed The Bible tells us about creation, and science—the study of that creation—helps oyster shells us understand it and learn more about the God who made it. Genesis 1:16 says, “And Answers God made the two great lights—the greater light to rule the day and the lesser light 3. dense on page 5 to rule the night—and the stars.” A nebula is a large dust cloud in space. God takes a) flat that dust and forms stars and planets. The Horsehead Nebula is a small dark nebula. b) massive and Can you guess what astronomers thought it looked like? heavy A black hole is created when humongous stars collapse. The result is a swirling c) light and airy vortex of gravity—so much gravity that even light cannot escape. Neutron stars are small and very dense. They are heavier than the Sun! Neutron stars are created when 4. nebula giant stars die. a) a telescope Can you imagine that the God who created black holes and neutron stars is the b) another name for same God who created YOU? a planet When I look at your heavens, the work of your fingers, the Moon and stars, which c) a large dust you have set in place, what is man that you are mindful of him, and the son of man cloud in space

KRIEG BARRIE that you care for him? — Psalm 8:3-4

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2021 • worldkids 9

1WK22_06-09_SS.indd 9 8/7/21 4:48 PM p In a 1970 Beetle Bailey comic strip, the character Sarge scolds his dog, Otto. “ ink, Otto, think!!” Sarge says. Otto replies, “We can’t all be Snoopy.” SCOOBY-DOO: WARNER BROS. • SLINKY: PIXAR • SNOOPY: CHARLES M. SCHULZ • OTTO & DAISY: & DAISY: • OTTO SCHULZ M. CHARLES • SNOOPY: PIXAR • SLINKY: BROS. WARNER SCOOBY-DOO: KING FEATURES SYNDICATE • DOGBERT: ANDREWS MCMEEL PUBLISHING • EXHIBIT: AP PHOTO AP • EXHIBIT: PUBLISHING MCMEEL ANDREWS • DOGBERT: SYNDICATE FEATURES KING is comic strip is an oldie. But dog lovers can go see it right now at the world’s largest cartoon museum at Ohio State University. It’s a dog show! Well, it’s a cartoon dog show. e exhibit shows off two centuries of dogs in cartoons. The Ohio State University museum Here’s how it started. Brad has gone to the dogs. Above (clockwise Anderson created the dog comic from left): Scooby-Doo, Slinky Dog, Snoopy, Daisy, Otto, and Dogbert. Marmaduke. He donated his collection of cartoons in 2018. He included 16,000 originals drawn from 1954 to Otto the dog fi rst appeared in show up. So do Trots and Bonnie, a 2010. Museum employees started to Beetle Bailey in 1956. At fi rst, he was a toon girl and her talking dog. wonder: Just how many other dog regular four-legged dog. In 1970, that e exhibit also includes a video cartoons could they dig up? changed. His artist, Mort Walker, about animated dogs. Do you Most people seem to relate to gave him human-like qualities. Mr. remember Scooby-Doo? Huckleberry comics about dogs. Walker provided Otto with his own Hound? Underdog, Disney’s Pluto Dogs are eager. uniform and desk. and Goofy, or Slinky Dog from the ey aim to Exhibit viewers also see well- “Toy Story” movies? Lady and the please. eir known dogs like Sandy from Little Tramp sharing spaghetti? TIME personalities Orphan Annie. ere’s Daisy from And no dog story is complete MACHINE make them Blondie. ere’s Dogbert from the without some cats. A few felines— perfect to Dilbert strip. George Booth’s scraggly Garfi eld, for example—sneak into the

joke about. New Yorker magazine cartoon dogs dog show too. DOG PARK: AP PHOTO

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1WK22_10-13_TM.indd 10 8/9/21 12:14 PM Dogs: a little like wolves, a little like foxes, loved by people a lot. Now more than 400 dog breeds exist in the world. Why? Because people took this once-wild animal, brought it inside, and trained it. Then they bred dogs to do certain jobs. Shepherds, corgis, collies, and shelties herded livestock. Doberman pinschers, Akitas, and mastiffs guarded people from wild animals or homes from intruders. Bloodhounds, retriev- ers, and foxhounds helped hunters catch game. A “Beware of dog” mosaic People also bred tiny dogs like the Chihuahuas in Pompeii. and Pekingese just for companionship. (You What about might notice those names begin with capital a “Beware of volcano” letters. Chihuahuas were named for a place in mosaic? Mexico. Pekingese were named for a place in China. Dogs have been man’s best friend in countries all over the world for centuries.) People and dogs make great partners. Dogs can smell way better than we can—so much better that it’s hard to put into words. Dogs are loyal. They can be trained. So people harness the dog’s God-given abilities. In return, dogs get food, shelter, and human friends for life. Now people generally value dogs for their friendship, not for the work they do. And what SCOOBY-DOO: WARNER BROS. • SLINKY: PIXAR • SNOOPY: CHARLES M. SCHULZ • OTTO & DAISY: & DAISY: • OTTO SCHULZ M. CHARLES • SNOOPY: PIXAR • SLINKY: BROS. WARNER SCOOBY-DOO: KING FEATURES SYNDICATE • DOGBERT: ANDREWS MCMEEL PUBLISHING • EXHIBIT: AP PHOTO AP • EXHIBIT: PUBLISHING MCMEEL ANDREWS • DOGBERT: SYNDICATE FEATURES KING people love, they make art about. Did you know people made dog art as far back as the days of pre-volcanic-eruption Pompeii? That ancient 1 2 city was destroyed in A.D. 79. When people uncovered it centuries later, they found a familiar idea in an ancient mosaic: a picture of a canine labeled “CAVE CANEM.” That’s Latin for “Beware of dog.” Fine artists have also depicted dogs through the centuries in these famous works: 1 Marble statue of a pair of dogs, st artist unknown, 1 century A.D. 3 2 Portrait of a Noblewoman by Lavinia Fontana, 1580 4 5 3 Still Life with Three Puppies by Paul Gauguin, 1888 4 Dogs Playing Poker series by Cassius Marcellus Coolidge, 1903 5 Pride of Parenthood by Norman Rockwell, 1971 Many, many more artworks capturing dog life exist. What’s your favorite? Having gifts that differ according to the grace

DOG PARK: AP PHOTO given to us, let us use them. — Romans 12:6

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2021 • worldkids 11

1WK22_10-13_TM.indd 11 8/9/21 12:14 PM “General Lafayette is coming!” visited 320 cities and towns. His Who? You might not remember stopped in every state in the union. him. But the people living in (Back then, there were just 24!) Natchez, Mississippi, in 1825 General Lafayette’s tour helped certainly did. Marquis de Lafayette bring unity in a hard time. e was the last living general who country was about 50 years old. It had fought in the Continental was facing an election. In 1824, Army. And look! ere he was, votes were split. No candi- walking down the street! date won an electoral Do you remember learning majority. Because of the about the Continental Army? tie, the U.S. House of ink blue coats, George Representatives chose the Washington, and new president: John musket balls. e Quincy Adams. Not Continental Army everyone was happy fought for the 13 about that choice. But American colonies the election sent a during the Revolutionary message. America was still War. General Lafayette helped. independent. It would stick But he wasn’t American. He together no matter what. wasn’t British either. He was Nearly 200 years have French. He was part of the French passed since General Lafayette’s Revolution too. (Busy guy!) tour. But people haven’t forgotten Back during the Revolutionary it. Now they work to mark where War, General Lafayette was barely he made stops. About 25 signs have 20. But as he walked through been installed in 13 states so far. Natchez in 1825, he was almost 70. About 175 signs will be added in Americans in Natchez greeted him all. e marker in Natchez de- as a hero. General Lafayette kept scribes what General Lafayette did going. He journeyed through the during his visit. It stands on land

United States for two years. He overlooking the Mississippi River. CONGRESS OF LIBRARY • PAINTING: PHOTO AP & BUST: NATCHEZ ENGRAVING: AP PHOTO

The historical marker commemorating General Lafayette’s tour is unveiled in Natchez on June 16 (left); A bust of Lafayette (above).

12 worldkids • SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2021

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s p the beginning of all good leadership. He told General Washington, “I am here to learn, not to teach.” General Washington became much more than a teacher to Gilbert. Gilbert stayed with General Washington during the horrible winter at Valley Forge in 1777 when hundreds of soldiers died of disease. General Wash- ington didn’t have children. Gilbert didn’t have a dad. The two became like father An engraving of Lafayette and son. and George Washington at Valley Forge in 1777. After helping lead the Continental Army to victory, Gilbert returned to General Lafayette was ideas coming from America. France. When he came born in France with a big He believed people should back to the United States name: Marie-Joseph-Paul- live freely and be treated for his tour many years Yves-Roch-Gilbert du with fairness. He also later, he made a tearful Motier, marquis de wanted to become a soldier visit to George Washing- Lafayette. (Marquis—pro- and win fame. He crossed ton’s grave. nounced mar-KEE—means the ocean to fight in the Gilbert—the marquis de “nobleman.”) We’ll call him American Revolution. He Lafayette—died in 1834. Gilbert for short. His father was still a teenager then. He was buried in Paris, died in battle when Gilbert He barely spoke any France . . . with dirt from was almost two. When his English. He didn’t even have the location of the U.S. mother died 10 years later, any fighting experience. Battle of Bunker Hill. Gilbert became an orphan— But he was rich and he Likewise, you who are but not a poor one. He knew a lot of powerful younger, be subject to the came from one of the people. He quickly became elders. Clothe yourselves,

NATCHEZ & BUST: AP PHOTO • PAINTING: LIBRARY OF CONGRESS OF LIBRARY • PAINTING: PHOTO AP & BUST: NATCHEZ A painting oldest families in France. a general. all of you, with humility of Lafayette from 1790 His parents left him a huge In America, Gilbert toward one another, for fortune. made a very good friend: “God opposes the proud Though he lived across George Washington. He but gives grace to the

ENGRAVING: AP PHOTO the ocean, Gilbert liked the showed humility, which is humble.” — 1 Peter 5:5

Answers on page 5 1. Where is the 2. Shepherd 3. The Marquis de Lafayette ______. 4. The marquis 5. Why do world’s largest dogs are bred a) ran for president of the United de Lafayette ______. you think cartoon mainly States a) is a descendant of dogs make museum? for ______. b) was a general in the American George Washington such popular a) Michigan a) hunting Revolution b) never returned to characters in b) Ohio b) guarding c) was in the U.S. House of France cartoons, c) New York c) herding Representatives c) never became a general film, and d) Illinois d) retrieving d) was born in Natchez, Mississippi d) was buried in Paris books?

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p Some children have biological and his church worked with the Kevin (birth) parents who can’t take state to make the process for and Kelli care of them. Sometimes they becoming a foster family faster. Lundy need safe homes—for a short time, They called the program Rescue or for longer. Government 100. Fifty families from the agencies place those kids with church started fostering. And foster parents who can help. One they recruited 250 other families! church in Mississippi has helped Kevin and Kelli Lundy have over 300 families foster children. fostered eight children. They Tony Karnes is a pastor at know their church is there to Michael Memorial Baptist Church. help. Mrs. Lundy can ask when In 2015, Pastor Karnes visited an they have needs like size 3 emergency shelter for kids. It was summer clothes or a babysitter. full. There weren’t enough Mr. Lundy says it’s important families for the children to stay to get to know foster children as with. That individuals. The kids start off as broke strangers. Over time, they Pastor become part of the Lundy home.

CITIZEN Karnes’ After one two-year-old left, 100 RESCUE SHIP heart. another one came. It was easy to Pastor treat the new child like the

Karnes previous child, but “they’re CHILD: RESCUE 100 • MEPHIBOSHETH: THE MORGAN BIBLE LIBRARY

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1WK22_14-17_CS.indd 14 8/7/21 4:57 PM r God loves all His people. But He particularly puts an emphasis on caring for orphans and other needy people. In many places in the Bible, God says that we are to be kind to widows, orphans, and foreigners. They were some of the most vulnerable people around. Pastor Karnes says he thought of James 1:27 when he got involved in foster care. That verse says, “Religion that is pure and undefiled before God the Father is this: to visit orphans and widows in their affliction, and to keep A Rescue 100 banner oneself unstained from the world.” hangs outside Michael God created families from the beginning. He planned for Adam and Eve to Memorial Baptist Church have a family. (Genesis 1:28) But sometimes children, widows, people with in Gulfport, Mississippi. disabilities, or others don’t have loving families to take care of them. Christians are called to care for children in need. We follow the example of our Father. He counts us as part of His family: His children and heirs with completely diff erent,” says Mr. Christ. (Romans 8:16-17) Lundy. “ ey like diff erent books. 2 Samuel 9 tells the story of King David and Mephibosheth. Mephibosheth ey like diff erent toys.” was the son of David’s close friend Jonathan. He was also the grandson of Another family, the Bardwells, David’s enemy, Saul. Some years after David became king, he remembered his cares for kids for short periods of friend Jonathan. When he found time. ey help biological parents out that Jonathan’s son was still get ready to take care of their alive, he wanted to show children again. Jennifer Bardwell kindness to him. Mephibosheth had Bible studies with one mom. had a disability. His feet were Mrs. Bardwell also taught the crippled. Mephibosheth was mom how to drive and helped her grown up by that time. But get a job. David made Mephibosheth part An illustration showing e Griffi ns began as foster of his household. Mephibosheth parents too. Later, they adopted These examples from the and David their daughter, Skylar Rose. Bible show us how important it e church doesn’t just help is to care for the weak and foster families. e foster children vulnerable. God has blessed us, get to play with other kids in the so that we can bless others. As

RESCUE 100 RESCUE same situation. And they invite Christians, our response to biological parents to come to God’s grace is to let Him make worship so that kids and parents our hearts like His. He wants us

CHILD: RESCUE 100 • MEPHIBOSHETH: THE MORGAN BIBLE LIBRARY can spend time together. to love the people He loves.

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1WK22_14-17_CS.indd 15 8/9/21 12:08 PM t “He who plants a tree, plants hope.” than a billion people live in India. 15% of the total land area in the next — Lucy Larcom, teacher and poet And the population is growing five years. In today’s campaign, over How many trees can a million quickly. More people means more 100 million trees will be planted,” people plant? Organizers of a tree building projects. Building puts says Manoj Singh, a senior state project in India expect to organize that stress on land, water, and air. More forest official. many folks. Their goal: Get 250 million trees are needed to keep the envi- Not all the new trees will make it. life-giving trees into the ground. ronment in balance. Usually, only about 60% of the saplings All manner of India’s citizens are God covered the face of the Earth thrive and grow. The rest often die due getting involved. Lawmakers, in trees. He had really good reasons to disease or lack of water. government officials, and volunteers for giving His world so much plant So caring for the trees is getting swarmed riverbanks, farms, forests, life. We read about the very first trees more modern. Many saplings now are and school and government building God made in Genesis 2:9. It says, “And tagged with QR codes. These can be sites to plant. They dug holes for out of the ground the Lord God made scanned to show important informa- young trees called saplings in 68,000 to spring up every tree that is pleasant tion. That lets scientists see how a villages and 83,000 forest sites in to the sight and good for food.” tree is doing. Is it growing? Does it India’s northern Uttar Pradesh state. India started the tree-planting have enough water? State Forest India promises to keep planting drive four years ago. “We are Minister Dara Singh Chauhan says trees. That’s important for the committed to increasing the forest that the sapling survival rate in the country—and for the world. More cover of Uttar Pradesh state to over past four years has gone up to 80%.

Indian workers plant saplings in the Uttar Pradesh state, India, on July 4, 2021. AP PHOTOS AP AP PHOTOS • ILLUSTRATION: KRIEG BARRIE

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1WK22_14-17_CS.indd 16 8/7/21 4:59 PM g w Deforestation is the removal of forests. Reforestation is just the opposite. It is the rebuilding of forests. God had a clear purpose in His design of tree-filled forests. We can be good stewards of His creation by becoming “forest keepers.” Ezekiel 17:24 says, “And all of the trees of the It takes a lot of people to plant field shall know that I am the Lord; I bring low the 100 million trees! high tree, and make high the low tree, dry up the green tree, and make the dry tree flourish. I am the Lord; I have spoken, and I will do it.” A forest of trees is full of habitats for living things. Trees provide shelter and nourishment for millions of organisms. Tree roots stabilize the ground. They prevent erosion, or the loss of soil. Most importantly, trees nourish living things with oxygen. Healthy trees work like filters. They remove dust and pollution from the air. They absorb carbon dioxide and other harmful gases. When land is stripped of trees, the air loses its necessary filters. It quickly becomes dirty. That’s part of the reason why big cities have smog problems. They suck up Trees are made to keep the atmosphere in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. balance. They suck up carbon dioxide and use it to grow. Then they release oxygen back into the air. That helps make a lovely world for people and animals to breathe in. We need oxygen, and we breathe out some of that carbon dioxide. It’s a huge reason why planting new trees to replace missing ones is important. If people take care of trees, then They provide food They filter trees help take care of people! pollution and dust and shelter for from the air. lots of animals. Trees also help maintain the water cycle. They pull water from the ground and then send it back into the atmosphere. How? Tree leaves have tiny pores. Water vapor leaves the tree by way of those pores. We can’t see that water in the sky, Their roots stabilize the ground and but it is there. They absorb prevent erosion. According to the United States Department of water and then Agriculture Forest Service, a healthy 100-foot-tall release water vapor into the air. tree can take 11,000 gallons of water from the soil and release it back into the air in a single growing season.

1. foster 2. vulnerable 3. sapling 4. reforestation

AP PHOTOS AP a) neglect a) strong and fearless a) a mature tree a) rebuilding of forests b) nurture like a parent b) loved and cared for b) a young tree b) removal of trees c) teach and instruct c) exposed to possible harm c) a tree’s branch c) air cleaning with trees

AP PHOTOS • ILLUSTRATION: KRIEG BARRIE Answers on page 5

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2021 • worldkids 17

1WK22_14-17_CS.indd 17 8/7/21 10:54 PM g w This ancient granary in Morocco served as a safe place where people stored grains and valuables.

Joseph, son of the Bible’s patriarch Jacob, was a smart, hard-working leader in Egypt. He was appointed to be the Egyptian pharaoh’s right-hand man. Joseph managed well all the cities in Egypt. And he under- stood the concept behind banking. He knew it was

wise to save for the future. MOROCCO: REUTERS He also knew that grain was worth more than just TAKE its weight in nutrition. APART SMART People would trade it for

goods and services. TELL EDFU: THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

An illustration shows ancient Egyptian granaries. 18 worldkids • SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2021

1WK22_18-21_TAS.indd 18 8/7/21 5:06 PM What is chiseled into those jagged igoudar, or granaries, to store their to preserve the fruits of their labors. red rocks in southern Morocco’s goods. ese granaries served a e Berbers saw in God’s rugged Anti-Atlas Mountains? Surprise! function like our fi nancial banks do mountains a way to keep their ose compartments are an early today. belongings safe. Today’s modern example of a once-nomadic tribe’s Each Berber tribe had its own banks owe their existence to these banking system. granary. Families in the tribe had types of safe-keeping ventures, Tribal tradesmen called Berbers boxes of their own in the granary, according to research professor long ago carved these storage caves like your family probably has its own Khalid Alaroud. “ ese collective account at a bank. Granaries also granaries may be the fi rst indication off ered individual smaller compart- of the emergence of banks,” he says. ments. One of those was like an Today, the granaries are hard to extra-large safety deposit box. at is get to. eir remote locations make a secure container banks today use them diffi cult to fi nd. Even if you can to protect people’s most important locate one, the walkways leading to documents and belongings. and through it are often crumbling deep into the rock face. e caves, In addition to crops like wheat, and unsafe. So Morocco’s Ministry of called granaries, stored treasures dates, beans, and spices, the grana- Culture has launched a project to like staple foods—grains and le- ries also stored silver, jewels, and save what remains of the granaries gumes. High up and hard to reach, carpets. Palm wood doors were and to teach people about them. the granaries protected their con- sealed with metal locks, the tents from fl oods and bandits. Later, way today’s banks have gold and jewelry were often stashed vaults. ey were heavily here too. guarded against looters. Morocco’s Berber granaries are a Tribes elected amins to national heritage. Now offi cials will guard the granaries. An amin include them on the United Nations was a man who lived at the Educational, Scientifi c, and Cultural site of the granary. He served Organization’s world heritage site list. as a security guard. e Berbers were a tribe of ese ancient Berber banks traveling tradesmen. ey lived in have existed at least since the These ancient pieces of wood have the the Sahara Desert. But some settled 1400s. ey display the granaries’ regulations written on them. around Morocco. ere, they built creativity of people who need

Genesis chapters 41 and How did Joseph know to Ancient Egyptians harvest seasons might have 42 tell the story of Joseph’s store all that grain? God measured wealth in grain. been like. business savvy. When there allowed Joseph to interpret They built silos and filled Famine did come to was plenty of food, he (understand) a troubling them with wheat and barley. Egypt. Genesis 41:54 says, gathered it in. “And Joseph dream Pharaoh had. That The silos were like banks in a “There was famine in all the stored up grain in great dream is recorded in Genesis way. The grain they held lands, but in all the land of abundance, like the sand of 41:17-31. Joseph knew it meant was like Egyptian money! Egypt there was bread.” the sea, until he ceased to that God was sending famine. Tell Edfu is a 3,500-year- Joseph sent hungry, worried measure it, for it could not be Joseph worked to prepare old city site in Egypt. (A tell people to the silos. Genesis measured.” (Genesis 41:49) Egypt before famine hit. is a mound or hill.) Archae- 41:56-57 says, “Joseph ologists uncovered seven opened all the storehouses silos there. Egyptians built and sold to the Egyptians, the large, mud-brick for the famine was severe in buildings in a city courtyard. the land of Egypt. Moreover,

MOROCCO: REUTERS They were easy for people all the Earth came to Egypt to get to. They show us what to Joseph to buy grain.” the granaries Joseph used The food provided for during the people in need. God Egypt’s always provides for His The silos in Tell Edfu, Egypt

TELL EDFU: THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO plentiful people.

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1WK22_18-21_TAS.indd 19 8/7/21 5:07 PM M r r n - s n u ff - s n u ff - S W I S H . Two men named Joel Belz and then put the information on a fl oppy Hear the printer sounds? Smell Norm Bomer had some very big disk. (What’s that? Ask you parents the ink? See the pages rolling off the ideas. Christian journalists love God if they remember.) e disk traveled presses? Behold! WORLDkids and love people, they thought. e y by snail mail to a printing company. magazine is born! want to help people understand and Meanwhile, Mr. Belz encouraged But it isn’t called WORLDkids yet. appreciate truth. Christian journalists people to pray and give money to the Not by a long shot. It’s called It’s want readers to see God at work in His brand-new newspaper. God’s World (IGW). It’s printed in two world. Each story reported the facts. colors and has only eight pages. Read Mr. Belz had publishing experi- Each also included biblical world- through and you’ll see . . . ence. Mr. Bomer was a teacher. ey view. Some stories had editorials • stories about workers’ strikes decided to publish a weekly news- alongside. ose are opinion pieces. • decisions made by then- paper for young people. e paper ey helped readers grasp how to President Ronald Reagan would report on news. But “the think about the news—not just to • news of the newest Supreme important purpose,” says Mr. Bomer, know what the news was about. e Court Justice, Sandra Day O’Connor. “was to teach Christian worldview” fi rst issue also included a recipe for Wow! at’s old news! And it to the glory of God. egg-in-a-hole, a word search, and a should be. It’s God’s World premiered Mr. Bomer was IGW’s fi rst writer Bible reading schedule. 40 years ago in 1981. at was six and editor. He was known for his Readers liked the paper. Why? U.S. presidents ago! quick wit, ready laugh, and eagle It explained complex topics in a way So . . . how did it all get started? eye. ( is means he was good at kids could understand. It also catching mistakes in writing.) He revealed to readers the God behind would continue as editor for 30 the facts of the news. years. Mr. Bomer wrote Soon adults began asking, “Why every article in the don’t you publish a magazine for us?” fi rst issue of IGW—and Mr. Belz and Mr. Bomer listened. he used a typewriter! Five years later, WORLD Magazine e internet wouldn’t was born. But that’s a story for come along for another another day. year and a half. Someone e Earth is the Lord’s and the re-entered Mr. Bomer’s fullness thereof, the world and those words into a computer, and who dwell therein. — Psalm 24:1

Norm Bomer and his wife Carol in 1983

Joel Belz in 1981

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1WK22_18-21_TAS.indd 20 8/7/21 5:09 PM “I believed then as I do now, in the goodness of the published word: It seemed to contain an essential goodness, like the smell of leaf mold.” — E.B. White You might remember the fellow who wrote those words. He also authored the books Stuart Little, Charlotte’s Web, and The Trumpet of the Swan. Like Mr. Bomer, E.B. White did his joyful work on a typewriter. We think of typerwriters as old tech. But that’s because we’ve never had to write in a scriptorium. How many books do you have in your house? How many do you see just in the room where you’re sitting? Once upon a time, almost nobody owned books. Why? Because for a copy of a book to exist, someone had to A monk copying text in a scriptorium write it out by hand! Those someones were usually monks. Before the invention of the printing press, monks toiled away in cold This woodcut from 1568 shows rooms called scriptoriums copying out books. One book people at work printing books. could take months. They wrote on expensive animal skins. Mistakes cost money. These monks could only dream of having something like a backspace key! The printing press changed everything. Printers lined up little letters in trays. The letters pressed ink onto pages. Then the letters came out. They could be rearranged and re-used for the next page or project. Books became available to everyone. Suddenly, it made sense for most people to learn to read. God cares deeply about the written (and printed!) word. Reading leads to pleasure, knowledge, and freedom. Readers with access to truth can make good decisions. Best of all, readers of God’s word can learn to love, enjoy, and obey their Creator. In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. — John 1:1

Does not connect to wifi: A reproduction of an old printing press

1. What are 2. What is one 3. It’s God’s World ______. 4. A scriptorium ______. 5. Why do igoudar? thing ancient a) was a magazine for adults a) was a room where you think it a) types of wheat Egyptians used b) was the old name for monks copied books is important b) Berber as money? WORLD Magazine b) was where the printing to have tradesmen a) sand c) was the first name for press was invented news c) security b) silos the magazine that led to c) was a farm where publications guards c) fabric WORLDkids animals were raised for and other d) granaries d) grain d) was mainly a magazine their skins news media? Answers of recipes and games d) was a library on page 5

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2021 • worldkids 21

1WK22_18-21_TAS.indd 21 8/9/21 12:02 PM Australotitan cooperensis is the largest dinosaur ever discovered in Australia.

Scott Hocknull and Robyn Mackenzie hold a 3-D reconstruction and the actual bone of the Australotitan.

Scientists in Queensland, Australia, found a “pothole to the past,” says Robyn Mackenzie. ey’re digging up dry, old bones. ose bones belong to a very old Australian animal—an enormous dinosaur. Australotitan cooperensis is the offi cial name of the new dinosaur. Its name means “the southern titan.” (A titan is something that is strong and powerful.) Mrs. Mackenzie describes fi nding the dinosaur’s skeleton. “ ere’s nothing quite like walking up to a dinosaur site and seeing all this bone on the surface and not having a clue what type of animal, initially, because Genesis 1:24 says, “And God said, “Let the Earth bring you’ve just spotted it, it is,” she says. e Mackenzies forth living creatures according to their kinds—livestock (Robyn, her husband Stuart, and son Sandy) discovered and creeping things and beasts of the Earth according to the bones on their own property. According to Smithsonian, their kinds.” And it was so.” What did the mighty the Mackenzies were riding motorbikes on their sheep Australotitan look like when God made it? What sounds and cattle farm when they noticed what looked like big did it make? Did the ground tremble when it walked? black rocks in the ground. ose rocks were actually Was it gentle or scary and fi erce? dinosaur bones! It took over 10 years to identify the Paleontologists believe that Australotitan was a bones. ey were very fragile and heavy. A forklift had to sauropod. at’s a four-legged animal with a long neck move them. and tail. It had a small head but huge limbs. at long MUSEUM HISTORY NATURAL EROMANGA Mrs. Mackenzie is now a fi eld paleontologist. She says neck helped the herbivore snag high-up veggie snacks. that with a closer look at the dirt, “you can actually pick (A herbivore does not eat meat.) Imagine how many up bits of bone and start fi guring out what animal it is plants the largest dinosaur in Australia would eat! and what part of the body the bones “Our study looked at dinosaurs from not just Australia are coming from.” It looks like the but across the world. We compared Australotitan’s bones Australotitan was as long as a to all of these gigantic sauropods and it’s in the top 10 to CRITTER basketball court. It stood as tall as 15 largest in the world,” explains paleontologist Scott FILE a two-story building. at makes Hocknull. it one of the biggest dinosaurs in ere’s more to discover about the ancient Australotitan. the world’s history! at makes paleontologists very excited.

22 worldkids • SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2021

1WK22_22-25_CF.indd 22 8/7/21 7:38 PM Paleontologists are Big Yellow Bus: Tyrannosau- scientists. They study rus Rex was likely a ferocious history by examining predator dinosaur. At 40 feet things left behind in long and 12 feet tall, it was dirt and rocks. They about the size of a school bus. look at fossils for clues about the animals that lived long ago. Fossils Long and Tall: Sauropods were the are preserved remains biggest dinosaurs that scientists have like bones and foot- discovered. They stood six building prints. Paleontologists stories high. Some of these big beasts imagine what it was like may have been more than half the length to live in the age of of a football field from nose to tail! dinosaurs. You do the same as you consider these size comparisons:

Bowling Alley: The dino formerly known as Brontosaurus got a name change: Apatosaurus. This dinosaur was the length of two telephone poles, one and a half tractor trailer trucks, or one bowling alley lane. That’s a very long dinosaur!

Gobble, Gobble: A Compsognathus dinosaur was Dino-Golf: Scientists believe a meat-eating powerhouse. These small dinosaurs Velociraptor was fast! But with big appetites were about the size of a turkey. speedy was good if you were so small. Velociraptor stood just about 39 inches tall— barely over three feet.

That’s nuts! Stegosaurus might have been as big as a bus, but its brain was only the size of a nut. 17 Elephants: A Brachiosaurus Jumbo Dino: Big dinosaur weighed as much as 17 elephants. bodies meant big dino-sized It was four-fifths as heavy as a parts. A Tyrannosaurs Rex space shuttle. And it stood two and had extra-large teeth. They a half times taller than measured as long as half a a giraffe. bowling pin. A Torosaurus skull was eight feet long! That’s the length of an average female elephant. In 1998, scientists at the University of Kansas found EROMANGA NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM HISTORY NATURAL EROMANGA a giant dinosaur foot in Christmas Tree Wyoming. It was the largest Tower: Pterosaurs were dino foot fossil ever found. flying reptiles. They had huge The Brachiosaur foot measured wingspans! (Wingspan is the 3.3 feet. That’s almost as wide distance from the tip of one as a mailbox is tall. wing to the tip of the other.) The largest Pterosaurs’ wingspans could be as much as 40 feet! That’s about the height of five average Christmas trees standing on top of one another.

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1WK22_22-25_CF.indd 23 8/7/21 7:39 PM Imagine: A sea otter munches sea urchins. Now imagine that otter in a superhero cape. It’s true—sea otters along the California coast are heroes right now. (It’s not true that they wear capes. But wouldn’t that be adorable?) Just how are these cuddly mammals saving the day? Let’s begin at the beginning. Nutrient-rich algae grow in the waters off California. Sound like dinner? Maybe not to you. But the spinyis a globslarge, called sea urchins love algae. So do other marine animals. Kelp brown algae seaweed. Kelp forests are ecosystems composed of kelp. Sea creatures eat from the forests. They live in them too. But in California, the kelp forest ecosystem has fallen out of balance. A disease almost wiped out the sunflower sea star. That sea star used to eat sea urchins. With no major predator, the urchins multiplied fast—and ate the other sea creatures out of house and home. When urchins go unchecked, they can also create what’s called an urchin barren: sea floor covered in rocks and urchins. Kelp cannot grow in an urchin barren. . In come . . . the otters! In kelp forests, otters are a keystone species A keystone species is one upon which other species depend. If a keystone species is removed, other creatures in an ecosystem suffer. Researchers from the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California have been introducing rescued sea otters into a body of water called the —rhymes with blue). Over time, the Elkhorn Slough (pronounced slue otters multiplied. As they did—gobbling up urchins along the way— other species thrived too. Now more than 100 endangered otters swim through this tidal bay every day. They share their home waters with harbor seals, brown pelicans, egrets, and many other animals. Perhaps these cute critters will come to the rescue along more of the California coast.

cross th ing a e se ad af re loo sp r s in h c r U ELKHORN SLOUGH: AP PHOTO SUPER OTTER: KRIEG BARRIE KRIEG SUPER OTTER:

A sign warns motorists of sea otters at the Elkhorn Slough in Moss Landing, California. AP PHOTOS

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1WK22_22-25_CF.indd 24 8/7/21 7:40 PM Male sea otters nap in the sunshine, clasping each other’s paws for stability. Female otters float with their young perched on their chests. Newborn otters, even more buoyant than adults, bob alongside like corks. Can you believe these critters are closely related to skunks, weasels, and badgers? Sea otters are meat eaters and mammals, but they spend the vast majority of their lives in the water. God designed them to keep a marine ecosystem in balance. Have you heard the expression “When the cat’s away the mice will play”? You could also Otters: Do they know how cute they are? say “When the sea otter’s away, the sea urchin will play.” Without otters to eat them, pesky urchin populations skyrocket. They begin to destroy Northern California’s bull-kelp forest. And coastal life without a kelp forest is treacherous. No kelp forest means no underwater hiding places, no food stores, and no nurseries to protect young coastal life. Kelp forests protect otters too. They hide them from great white sharks. (Great whites don’t enjoy the big hairy test bite they take of otters. They move on. But one bite is enough to kill an otter.)

they don’t have blubber like other marine animals. They have fur instead. Sea otters have the thickest fur of Baby otters, in fact, have so much any creature in the world. So why would fur that they float! A baby otter’s 1. titan God assign this fuzzball to life in water? floatie-coatie keeps the creature on top a) tiny but strong Even while we’re thinking about sea until it sheds and learns to dive. b) gigantic in size or otters we can join Isaiah in singing to Otter fur traps warm air close to the power God, “You have done wonderful things.” skin’s surface. During the dive, the c) unusual (Isaiah 25:1) Waters on the Northern outside of the fur gets wet and sleek. California coast are cooooold. A human But the inside stays toasty and dry for 2. fossils would need a wetsuit to stay warm in a time. Eventually, each otter grooms a) written records them. Sea otters need to keep their body its fur, restoring the air that gets b) photographs temperatures around 100 degrees. But pocketed inside. c) preserved u remains like bones and footprints Freezing water? No problem! 3. unchecked a) unevaluated ELKHORN SLOUGH: AP PHOTO SUPER OTTER: KRIEG BARRIE KRIEG SUPER OTTER: b) unstopped c) unnoticed Answers on page 5 4. buoyant a) able to float b) heavy c) saturated AP PHOTOS

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1WK22_22-25_CF.indd 25 8/7/21 7:40 PM Bolivia’s Uru— The Uru people built islands like this one for many generations. “People of the Bolivia Water”—are at a loss. For many generations, their homeland wasn’t land at all. It was the waters of Lake Poopó. Five years ago, the lake dried up. They tied reeds Today, the Uru scramble to together to form the floating habitats. make a living. They’re also trying to save their culture. The Uru built family islands made of reeds on Lake Poopó. They lived on the lake for decades. The Uru first settled on the water when surround- ing lands were already occupied. They survived on what they could harvest from the large, shallow lake. “They collected eggs, fished, hunted flamingos and birds,” says nearby town leader Abdón Choque. Even newlyweds stayed on the water “Our grandfathers thought the Uru again. It faded out of use as the for generations: “When they fell in lake would last all their lives, and last native speakers gradually died. love, the couple built their own raft,” now my people are near extinction Younger generations learn he says. because our source of life has been Spanish at school. Many speak more Now that the lake is gone, the 635 lost,” explains Uru community leader common native languages like remaining Uru feel displaced. “We Luis Valero. Aymara and Quechua. So now Uru are ancient (as a people), but we The Bible reminds us that Jesus is communities are trying to revive the have no territory. Now we have no life-giving. John 6:35 says, “Jesus Uru language. They’ve invited source of work, nothing,” says Mayor said to them, ‘I am the bread of life; teachers of a similar language called Rufino Choque. whoever comes to me shall not Uru-Chipaya to come and teach it. hunger, and whoever believes in me “We are making efforts to maintain shall never thirst.’” our culture,” says Mr. Valero. It gives Bolivia’s “People of the Water” are them something of the past to cling doing what it takes to survive. The to. They cannot restore the lake. young men hire themselves out as The Uru people once lived in laborers, herders, or miners in nearby a large part of the lake region. towns. Some of the women make Today, some still live along straw crafts. Meanwhile, families try Bolivia’s borders with Peru, to learn the spoken language of the Chili, and Argentina.

Now they live in small settlements along the former shoreline. Mayor Ru no Choque (left) knows people are struggling to survive without their source of life.

JET PHOTOS AP BALLOON

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1WK22_26-29_JB.indd 26 8/7/21 11:04 PM 27 8/7/21 11:06 PM8/7/21 11:06 PM kids world • Andes Mountains pigs, and pink dolphins. PINK DOLPHINS? They live in the Yes! condors, jaguars, pumas, guinea Amazon River in Bolivia. also home to llamas, Andean largest butterfly sanctuaries. It’s Spanish is the official spoken Bolivia has one the of world’s language in Bolivia. But only around half Bolivians of speak it. There are 36 native languages in use there. you If SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2021SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER listen closely, you’ll hear the popular native in the Amazon River in Bolivia. River languages Quechua and Aymara spoken. Pink dolphins live dolphins live Pink PARAGUAY

n This country is packed with things to see and do.

More importantly, it’s filled with people who their love i towards the Andes Mountains to find beautiful Bolivia. s country and their native culture. a BRAZIL B n Sucre o BOLIVIA z a The Bible calls believers in Jesus the salt the of Earth. are “You m ARGENTINA A n o Speaking salt, of Bolivia’s Hotel Luna Salada is made entirely from salt blocks. its Even furniture! the salt the of Earth, but salt if has lost its taste, how shall its saltiness be restored? is no longer It good for anything except to be thrown out and trampled under people’s feet,” says Matthew 5:13.

Salt, butterflies, dinosaurs, and pink dolphins. What in the world do these four things The a country in have common? Bolivia! of Take trip to the middle the of continent South of America. Head west l a l t i p La Paz A Andes CHILE Morpho The land God created for Bolivia is rich. Bolivians are proud butterfly of theirof beautifulcountry. share They to love it with visitors! PERU Pacific Pacific Ocean this rock. Wind carved Wind carved Altiplano. located in the shallow salt lakes salt lakes shallow The world’s largest salt flat Flamingos flock to the The Plurinational State of Bolivia of Plurinational isThe the State official name Bolivia. of That’s a mouthful to say! Most people stick with the shorter version—Bolivia. The country is landlocked. That means it’s surrounded by land. has It no coastline. Argentina, Chile, Peru, Brazil, and Paraguay all border Bolivia. Most countries onehave capital city. Not Bolivia! has It two, La and Sucre Paz. takes 4,086 up square miles in Bolivia. is 100 times It larger than the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah. Bolivia’s salt flat looks a huge like desert. Its size makes it easy to spot from space. Because it is so large and flat, scientists use the salt flat to calibrate, or set, the observation Earth’s satellites. The Altiplano in Bolivia is rocking! theIt’s second largest high plateau in the world, and it is known for odd-looking rock formations. High winds carved the stone shapes. Cal Orko is a massive limestone slab in Bolivia. has It 5,055 dinosaur footprints in it. The prints were made from least at eight different species dinosaurs. of 1WK22_26-29_JB.indd 271WK22_26-29_JB.indd 27

AP PHOTOS orm the together to f Mayor Ru no Choque (left) Ru Mayor knows people are struggling struggling are people knows Dozens of lakes glitter on a mountain range. ey look like gray-green eyes scanning the skies. Welcome to Shar Mountain in North Macedonia. Wouldn’t this make a beautiful park? It’s about to become one at last. e Shar Mountain range is part of the Balkans—a mountainous region in Europe. What lives on Mount Shar? Two hundred plant species, 167 species of butterfl ies, 12 of amphibians, 18 of reptiles, 130 of birds, and 45 of mammals. For decades, people have used this fruitful land for logging, even though it was against the law. Others used it for free farming, hunting, and fuel. Erosion scars the landscape. Almost 100,000 acres have been lost to illegal logging alone. North Macedonian authorities want to protect Mount Shar and its treasures. ey will pass a law making over 150,000 acres of land into a park. e park will border other protected parks in Albania and Kosovo. at will create one huge protected area. Protecting land benefi ts plants and animals . . . and people too. Naser Xhemaili owns a company that off ers mountain tourism programs and horseback rides on Mount Shar. He hopes the new park will bring better roads to the area. “We await a lot from the national park,” he says. “Tourist arrivals into our cabins, sales of dairy products, which I believe will be much better and at a higher price.” Naser Nuredini is North Macedonia’s environment minister. He says the park will help locals and visitors, now and in the future. “We are creating one of the largest protected areas in Europe,” he says. “We are talking about skiing in the winter, hiking and biking in the summer, tourism from across the world.” It takes a lot of work to make a brand-new national park. e plan: Decide how much money to spend and how to spend it. Hire staff to run the park. Build hiking trails. Ready, set, go!

A ski lift on Shar Mountain (top); Poppies bloom on Shar Mountain (middle); Land management coordinator Anela Stavrevska-Panajotova stands next to a map of the new Shar Mountain National Park (bottom).

People take a tour on horseback of Shar Mountain.

c AP PHOTOS AP

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1WK22_26-29_JB.indd 28 8/7/21 7:44 PM 1. What is the name of Bolivia’s “People of the Water”? This mosaic a) the Choques from the 4th b) the Chileans century B.C. shows c) the Uru Alexander d) the Poopos the Great riding into battle. 2. How many dinosaur footprints are in the Cal Orko slab? a) 55 b) 255 Answers c) 2,505 on page 5 Macedonia is an old, old place. Macedo- Eastern Orthodox Christians. Ethnic d) 5,055 nians are still very proud of its history. Albanians are usually Muslims. Some- Today, that region includes portions of six times these two groups fight. 3. Mount Shar is part countries: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, North What is life like in North Macedonia? of ______. Macedonia, Serbia, and Kosovo. People take it slow. Macedonians are a) the Balkans A lot of different people groups have relaxed. They’re hospitable. They’re also b) the Caribbean lived in the region of Macedonia through self-reliant. (If something breaks, they tend Islands the years. In early times, ancient Macedo- to fix it themselves!) Many have lived in c) Asia nians, Paeonians, Illyrians, and Thracians the same neighborhoods for generations. d) Australia made Macedonia their home. King Philip II Neighborliness matters to them a lot. of Macedon turned Macedonia into a There is also an area in Greece called 4. The land once powerful kingdom in the mid-300s B.C. Macedonia. Greeks and Macedonians known as Macedonia His son, Alexander the Great, followed in disagree on who gets to claim that name is now called ______. his footsteps. In 145 B.C., Macedonia and history. a) Yugoslavia became part of the Roman Empire. You may have read about Macedonia b) the Ottoman It would take a long time to talk about in the Bible. In New Testament times, a Empire everything that has happened to Mace- Roman official called a proconsul ruled c) Macedon donia since then. Here’s a short version: this land. Back then, most people in d) the Republic of The region of Macedonia has been part of Macedonia didn’t know God . . . yet. North Macedonia the Bulgarian Empire, the Byzantine Enter, Paul. God sent this apostle to Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the preach the gospel in Macedonia. He passed 5. If you were one of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. through Macedonia more than once. He Bolivia’s “People of The country called the Republic of met a woman named Lydia. She lived the Water” and you North Macedonia has existed for in Philippi, a Macedonian city. She lost the place you had only 30 years. Two major groups of was the first person in Europe to lived, what do you people live there: Macedonians and believe in Jesus because of think you might do Albanians. Ethnic Mace- Paul’s message. to find or make donians are One who heard us a new home? usually was a woman named Lydia, from the city of Thyatira, a seller of purple goods, who was a worshiper of God.

AP PHOTOS AP The Lord opened her A painting heart to pay atten- of Lydia of Thyatira tion to what was said by Paul. — Acts 16:14 The flag of North Macedonia which was founded in 1991. SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2021 • worldkids 29

1WK22_26-29_JB.indd 29 8/7/21 7:44 PM Record Manatee Deaths Welcome to the wild, baby manatee. One-year- old Manilow and mother Mandy are swimming in Florida’s St. Johns River. They spent four months at Sea World Orlando because That’s not a rest stop! Homing pigeons Mandy was sick. But they’ve hang out on Interstate 95. been released now. That’s great news for a species that is struggling to survive. Homing Pigeons More Florida manatees have died this year than ever Can’t Find Home before. Biologists believe Drivers found some fowl road conditions on Interstate water pollution is killing 95 one night this summer. A crate of 100 homing pigeons seagrass. That seagrass is a fell off a truck near Daytona Beach, Florida. But it was Volunteers help get favorite food for manatees. dark, and pigeons roost at night. So they sat on the road Manilow into the river. Many may not be getting until vehicle lights startled them. Then they flew into the enough to eat. The lack of air. Drivers couldn’t see. “It’s the worst case scenario— food is leading to starvation, says Florida’s Fish and homing pigeons that can’t find their home,” county Wildlife Research Institute. Boat strikes are another officials say. Police officers and animal service workers major cause of manatee deaths. The slow-moving, flocked to catch the pigeons. They nabbed 73 of the birds. friendly mammals often get too close to boat propellers. According to Newsweek, the young birds will soon have a The whirling blades injure the gentle beasts. There are new job. They will train for flight shows at Universal about only 6,300 manatees still living in Florida waters. Studios in Orlando, Florida.

Swan Upping Last year, Great Britain skipped its annual swan count. But this year, the swan census is back. Boatloads of “Swan Uppers” arrived on the banks of the River Thames near Queen Elizabeth II’s Windsor Castle to count her swans. Swan Upping is the name of the yearly count. It’s when all the swans claimed by the British monarch are tallied. The tradition began in the 12th century. It was a way for the monarchy to make sure there was plenty of swan meat to serve at feasts and banquets. Today, the annual swan

Swan Uppers measure count helps keepers look after the beautiful birds. Young PHOTOS AP and tag cygnets on swans called cygnets get plucked from the water, wrestled the River Thames near to shore, measured, checked for disease, and marked with Windsor, England.

a number. Then they are safely returned for all to enjoy. AP PHOTOS

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1WK22_30-31_Shorts6.indd 30 8/7/21 4:32 PM Bleak Outlook for Boats

Wooden boats have been sailing the waters around Greece for millennia. The Apostle Paul sailed these waters in such a boat. Skilled craftsmen design and build these boats by hand. The trade has been passed down through generations. Boat builders teach their children who teach their children. But today, tradi- tional wooden boat builders are hard to find. Fewer people want wooden boats. Young people aren’t interested in putting in the time to learn the craft. “You don’t learn this job in a year or two. It takes many years,” says retired boat builder Giorgos Tsinidelos. He and fellow boat builders hope people will return to the wooden boat. Boat builders at work He says no other boat has the same durability. “You take wood, in Karlovasi, Greece and you create a masterpiece, a boat.”

It’s unknown if the plans include an Huge Land Gift actual tower. The United States Department of the Interior got a big land gift. That agency manages lands that belong to the U.S. government. The 15-square-mile tract was the largest land donation in agency history! The land is in the northeastern part of New Mexico. It connects to the Sabinoso Wilderness Area. United States Senator Martin Heinrich describes the Sabinoso Wilderness Area as “one of New Mexico’s most spectacular landscapes.” The new land makes the Sabinoso almost 50 percent larger. The property includes rugged canyons, mesas covered by woodlands, pockets of ponderosa pine trees, and savanna-like grasslands. Officials gathered to celebrate the land gift. United States Interior Secretary Deb Haaland said, “We’re here today because we recognize the importance of preserving this special place.”

Ark Park Has Lofty Plans The Ark Encounter in northern Kentucky plans to expand. Representatives from the Bible-themed park say they intend to build a “Tower of Babel” attraction. A press release from the park explains the new expansion. It says the Tower of Babel exhibit will show how the Bible proves the origin of all people groups around the world. No one knows what the Babel attraction will look like yet. (Genesis 11 tells about the original tower.) Answers in Genesis is the ministry behind the Ark Park. The

AP PHOTOS AP group constructed the massive wooden ark Deb Haaland attraction in 2016. The group will fundraise for the looks out at new Tower of Babel feature. The Ark Encounter’s the Sabinoso Wilderness.

AP PHOTOS plans also include an indoor model of Jerusalem.

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Read your WORLDkids from cover to cover, and then you’ll be ready to complete this crossword based on

story details found in this issue. Solve the colored clues first if a word has you stumped!

COLORS: What a house is divided into Opposite of dark; light-colored A weather event, usually with rain and thunder A male ruler; royalty ACROSS A hole in the ground 5 Where monks copied books DOWN 7 And Joseph stored up ___ in great abundance. –Genesis 41:49 1 A dog character from the comic strip Beetle Bailey 8 David’s close friend 2 A woman who sold purple cloth; met the Apostle Paul 11 The star that gives us light during the day 3 Landlocked country in South America 12 And all of the ___ of the field shall know that I am the Lord. 4 Country that Marquis de Lafayette was from –Ezekiel 17:24 6 Scientists that study fossils 14 People who study stars and space 9 Country where the Mackenzies found a giant dino 16 In the beginning was the ___. –John 1:1 10 Uru people lived on islands made of this plant 18 A small dog bred for companionship 12 This state collected 1.75 million pounds of oyster shells 19 A cute animal that eats sea urchins 13 A young tree 20 A Compsognathus dinosaur was about the size of a ___. 15 What Mr. Bomer used to write stories in the first 21 You are the ___ of the Earth. –Matthew 5:13 issues of It’s God’s World. 22 Opposite of warm 17 Tabby concrete is made using this shell 23 The Berber word for granaries 18 A king of ancient Egypt

Answers on page 5

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