Pranayama – breath control Lost teachings of Yoga Pratyahara – sensory inhibition; a step toward meditation Jnana-Yoga – the path of wisdom Purusha – the transcendental Spirit; Glossary of Terms opposite of prakriti; see also atman Abhyasa – practice Kaivalya – liberation (according to Classical Rajas – the psychocosmic principle of dyna- Advaita – nonduality Yoga); cf. moksha mism; cf. sattva, tamas Ahimsa – nonharming Raja-Yoga – the “royal” path of Patanjali; Aparigraha – nongrasping, greedlessness Kama – desire Classical Yoga Asana – posture Karma – lit. “action,” the moral law of Rita – the cosmic order of which dharma is Ahamkara – the ego cause and effect an aspect Ashtanga-Yoga – the eightfold path of Karma-Yoga – the path of selfless service Patanjali (i.e., Classical Yoga) Klesha – cause of affliction: ignorance Samadhi – ecstasy Asteya – nonstealing (avidya), I-am-ness (asmita), attraction Samtosha – contentment Atman – the transcendental Self, Spirit; see (raga), aversion (dvesha), and the will to live Sattva – the psychocosmic principle of also purusha (abhinivesha) lucidity; cf. rajas, tamas Avidya – ignorance of our true nature Kosha – sheath concealing the Spirit: the Satya – truth, truthfulness physical body, energy body, lower mental Shakti – power, energy; the transcendental Bandha – bodily lock used in Hatha-Yoga body, higher mental body, and bliss body dynamic principle Bhakti-Yoga – the path of devotion Kundalini-shakti – serpent power; the Shauca – purity Brahmacarya – chastity spiritual force dormant in the body Siddhi – paranormal ability, a by-product Buddhi – the higher mind; cf. manas of Yoga Manas – the lower mind; cf. buddhi Smriti – mindfulness; memory Cakra – a psychoenergetic center located in Mantra – a potent sound, such as the Suhkha – a sense of ease; opposite the subtle body syllable om of duhkha Citta – mind Mantra-Yoga – the spiritual path Svadhyaya – studying teachings; utilizing mantras studying oneself Dharana – mental concentration Moksha – liberation; cf. kaivalya Dharma – virtue, morality; teaching; see Mudra – seal; an important practice in Tamas – the psychocosmic principle of also rita Hatha-Yoga and Tantra inertia; cf. sattva, rajas Dhyana – meditation Tantra-Yoga – the path of continuity Duhkha – suffering, unease Nadi – channel; an energy pathway in the Tapas – creative self-challenge, austerity subtle body Guna – quality; basic component of Nature Nirodha – control Vajra-deha – the indestructible diamond (prakriti); see sattva, rajas, tamas Niyama – self-restraint body of a great adept Vikalpa – veils separating us from Hatha-Yoga – the “forceful” path of physi- Ojas – subtle vital energy, which must be ultimate reality cal transformation preserved in the body Viveka – discernment Om – the original mantra Ishvara – God, the transcendental lord (in Yama – moral discipline Classical Yoga) Patanjali – compiler of the Yoga-Sutra Yoga – the unitive discipline leading Ishvara-pranidhana – devotion to the lord, (c. 200 A.D.) to liberation or dedication to a higher principle Prakriti – nature, cosmos; opposite of purusha Yoga-Sutra – a key work on Yoga, authored Prana – breath, life force by Patanjali Af00644W