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14th - 16th Aug 2013 www.equipegroup.com 01295 670990 theGeotechnica - - - Also included: GO Contaminant of the Month:Phenol Geotechnica 2013Press Release Particle Size DistributionTesting Maccaferri introduce their environmentally friendly polymer coating system GREEN

Issue No. 22 June 2013

ACCREDITED AND SAFETY HEALTH TRAINInI pNartneGrship with Contents SAFE SUPERVISION OF GEOTECHNICAL SITES - £450 + VAT This three day course is certified by IOSH, is specifically focussed on the geotechnical industry and Cover Article: provides a totally unique and relevant Health and Safety course for managers and supervisors. Gabions Go Green The course is aimed at anyone who is or will be expected to run sites where geotechnical works are Writing on behalf of geotechnical specialists Maccaferri is Jeff carried out. The course meets all of the requirements of the UKCG and has been approved by The Laverack of Holmes Media. This month Jeff writes to theGeotechnica Environment Agency, Thames Water and The Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental 7 as Maccaferri unveil their latest innovation - an environmentally Specialists. friendly polymer coating system to compliment their -established 14th - 16th August 2013 walls. NEXT COURSE DATES: 9th - 11th October 2013

Particle Size Distribution Testing AVOIDING DANGER FROM UNDERGROUND SERVICES - £150 + VAT This one day course is aimed at anybody involved in specifying, instructing, managing, supervising or Writing for theGeotechnica once again is Peter Reading, Technical actually breaking ground. Important aspects include the use of real examples from the geotechnical Director of the Equipe Group. This month Pete discusses the use of industry and delivery by chartered advisors who are from within the industry. 13 particle size distribution testing and asks how accurate the test can This course is definitely not another CAT and Genny course and is the only externally verified course in really hope to be. Peter also provides advice on the correct methods the UK carrying the IOSH badge. The course is built around HSG47 and current industry best practice. of achieving samples suitable to be used in the distribution test.

21st June 2013 NEXT COURSE DATES: 6th September 2013 Geotechnica 2013 - Will you be there? The latest press release and update from the Equipe Group on Geotechnica 2013, the UK’s Largest Geotechnical Trade Show and 19 Exhibition. This year’s event will take place on the 10th and 11th of July at the Warwickshire Exhibition Centre.

Contaminant of the Month: Phenol Writing for theGeotechnica once more is Geraint Williams 23 of Alcontrol Laboratories. This month, Geraint discusses the properties, uses, toxicity and analysis of phenol.

27 Directory

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4 Welcome to the 22nd Edition of of ALcontrol Laboratories. Continuing his theGeotechnica - the UK’s fastest growing online valuable series of articles on contaminants, this We Are Recruiting Throughout The UK geotechnically focussed e-magazine. month Geraint examines Phenol – its properties, uses, toxicity, as well as a thorough analysis of This month in theGeotechnica our cover article the element. Environmental Scientifics Group (ESG) is the UK’s leading provider of testing, inspection and comes from Holmes Media’s Jeff Laverack on compliance services. We operate across four divisions and offer an unrivalled range of technical behalf of geotechnical specialists Maccaferri. This month we have a number of recruitment expertise and accredited services. Our strong network of UKAS accredited laboratories are Jeff’s article introduces Maccaferri’s latest advertisements being placed throughout located across the UK and are supported by a centralised head office. breakthrough regarding an environmentally the magazine, notably from Soil Consultants, friendly polymer coating system for their and ESG. We also have ESG prides itself on its innovative nature, customer focus and drive to continually improve. Our acclaimed gabion walls. Maccaferri have installed entries in the Directory and Jobs sections, with people are at the heart of what we do, and we employ more than 1,200 people who serve over countless gabion walls across the country in positions available as a drilling specialist for the 7,000 customers. recent times, and their new polymer coating will Equipe Group as well as Gardline Geosciences. go some way to protecting the environment, In response to the current and future workload, together with planned expansion of the business, being more environmentally friendly than the As with every new edition of the magazine, ESG’s Geotechnical Division are recruiting a range of specialists in a number of locations traditional double-twist wire mesh coatings. the Editorial Team here at theGeotechnica will throughout the UK. Technical staff include geologists, engineering geologists, environmental be on the lookout for even more new, original scientists and geotechnical engineers. The second article featured in this issue comes and interesting content from all corners of the from regular and valued contributor Peter sector, and would actively encourage all readers Reading, Technical Director of the Equipe Group. to come forward with even the slightest bit of This month Pete discusses the use of particle size appropriate and relevant content - whether it We are seeking candidates for the following posts: distribution testing and asks how accurate the be a small news item or a detailed case study of test can really hope to be. Peter also provides works recently completed or being undertaken. Industrial Placement technical staff working predominantly in the Southeast of England advice on the correct methods of achieving If this content is media rich and interactive, samples suitable to be used in the distribution then all the better. We are looking to increase Graduate technical staff throughout the UK test. With the quality of sampling being one of the already large readership of the magazine Senior technical staff in Wales and Southeast England the main issues surrounding the industry at the through better social media integration and moment, this advice should prove invaluable to promotion, as well as improving content month Principal/Area Manager in Wales to lead an expansion plan many of our readers. on month.

Geophysicists and Surveyors based in the North West or Scotland We also have a particularly exciting press release Once again, for any content that is submitted we from the Equipe Group regarding Geotechnica will ensure that advertising space, proportionate Laboratory Technicians with geotechnical experience 2013. The UK’s Largest Trade Show and Exhibition to the quality of content provided, is available is a little under a month away now, and the press for that single edition of the magazine. From release in this month’s magazine reveals the full then on, if you have submitted content, you will line-up for this year’s Geotechnical Conference – receive a discount on all further advertisements In return, we offer a competitive salary, and all the benefits of working for a dynamic and growing one of the main attractions since Geotechnica’s placed within theGeotechnica. organisation. conception in 2009. The press release also features an updated list of exhibitors, now We hope you enjoy this month’s edition of If you feel you’ve got what it takes to add value to our business, then please apply by visiting our including Bachy Soletanche, Soilmec and the the magazine and are inspired to contribute website at careers.esg.co.uk. Thank you for your interest in our business. Ground Source Heat Pump Association, amongst your own content for the coming editions of a multitude of the industry’s biggest movers and theGeotechnica. ESG is an equal opportunities employer. shakers. Be sure to check page 17 for full details. Editorial Team, The final article of this month’s issue comes from theGeotechnica regular and valued contributor Geraint Williams www.esg.co.uk 5 6 David Crowther, Maccaferri Their substantial mass and “Recycled crushed Technical Manager. “Maccaferri flexible mesh construction will continue to manufacture means that woven mesh Gabion concrete is also a PVC coated products for use in walls can accommodate large popular choice as the GABIONS less demanding applications”. differential settlement without re-use of waste He added. sustaining damage. Their un- bound stone infill also prevents material as Simplicity, strength and the build-up of damaging structural fill offers durability hydrostatic pressures behind environmental the wall and, because of these advantages.” GO “Woven double-twist qualities, engineers throughout the world have made gabions mesh Gabions have even off-cuts of quarried stone their solution-of- GREEN been a feature of or slate. Recycled crushed choice. the UK’s industrial concrete is also a popular choice as the re-use of waste In recent years, welded MACCAFERRI INTRODUCE THEIR landscape for well material as structural fill offers mesh Gabions have become over a hundred years.” environmental advantages. ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY available and are mainly used in architectural and cladding POLYMER COATING SYSTEM In Worcestershire, Architects, Woven double-twist mesh applications where differential Howl Associates incorporated Gabions have been a feature of settlements are minimal and no an array of sweeping, free- the UK’s industrial landscape flowing water is present. standing Gabion walls in the for well over a hundred years. design of the recently opened Writing on behalf of geotechnical specialists Maccaferri is Jeff chloride during burning. These simple, stone filled wire Environmental compatibility Kidderminster Crematorium for Laverack of Holmes Media. This month Jeff writes totheGeotechnica baskets have been used by From an environmental Client, Dignity Funerals Plc. as Maccaferri unveil their latest innovation - an environmentally Extensive accelerated testing civil engineers and contractors perspective, the use of natural friendly polymer coating system to compliment their well- has shown that, compared to stabilize vulnerable material as infill makes Here, the building is set in an established gabion walls. with traditional PVC or HDPE embankments, build retaining Gabions a natural choice in open, semi-rural landscape. Its coatings for double-twist wire structures, line fast flowing areas of visual and ecological products, the new PA6 system curved geometry is defined by Geotechnical specialist enhanced together with long watercourses and prevent sensitivity. Fill materials are is 50% harder and is 25% ‘thick’ rendered walls beneath Maccaferri, best known for its term strength and elasticity. coastal erosion. typically quarried durable rock more malleable, even after large over-sailing roofs wire-mesh Gabions used in or, in architectural applications, long-term exposure to UV. As retaining wall construction, “According to well as this, results showed An array of sweeping, free-standing Gabion walls was incorporated in the design of the new has introduced a new, Maccaferri, the that PA6 gave a three-fold Kidderminster Crematorium environmentally friendly improvement in coating-to- protective coating for its organic polyamide, wire adhesion, significantly double-twist wire based PA6 coating is also far more resistance to impact and products, which has improved more environmentally abrasion damage, and achieved technical performance and a 30% improvement in design environmental compatibility, friendly then life. over traditional coating traditional wire systems. coatings...” Enhancement rather than alternative The new, specifically formulated “Although offering better PA6 coating is an organic According to Maccaferri, performance, PA6 is not seen based, extruded polyamide the organic polyamide, PA6 as an alternative to PVC coated material which has improved coating is also far more double-twist wire products, adhesion characteristics, environmentally friendly then but more an enhancement. We enhanced resistance to traditional wire coatings as it see it being used when PVC or mechanical damage and better contains no pthalates, heavy HDPE coated products do not cold temperature performance. metals or other ozone depleting provide users with the required Resistance to hydrocarbon chemicals. Furthermore, unlike design life, environmental or pollutants is also significantly PVC, it doesn’t emit hydrogen technical performance.” said 7 8 “To direct people material. narrow, rail corridor.

around the building Vertical features in the wall A conventional battered slope a series of ‘external were created using structural was not viable due to space rooms’ was created steel columns clad with timber restrictions, so Consulting and different colours of stone Engineers, Atkins devised using 2700mm high, were placed in the Gabion a near vertical, 3.0m high free standing Gabion baskets to form distinctive retaining wall comprising walls.” horizontal bandings and stone-filled, woven Mesh enhance the natural aesthetic. Gabions in combination with an array of integral, 14.0m long that provide covered areas for perspective soil nails. visitors to the chapel. To direct Gabions were used in a more people around the building a traditional civil engineering “The soil nails were series of ‘external rooms’ was application in the construction installed and grouted created using 2700mm high, of the UK motorway network’s after the wall was free standing Gabion walls. first car-share lane at the M606/ These help to define views M62 junction near Bradford, completed by drilling both into and from the building West Yorkshire. through pre-formed and soften the visual impact on the surrounding landscape. “Here, Gabions create apertures in the a 450m long - Gabion Baskets.” The carefully selected infill side retaining wall stone addressed ‘end of life’ The soil nails were installed sustainability criteria for this to support existing A huge slender, free-standing Maccaferri Gabion wall – thought to be the biggest in the UK - and grouted after the wall was BREEAM rated building, as it has been built to screen outdoor filming areas at the BBC Roath Lock studio in Cardiff. grassed slopes which completed by drilling through could readily be reused. had to be back to pre-formed apertures in the Gabion Baskets. This process Cliff-face screening for BBC create space for the allowed back-filling behind Wales new car-share lane.” the wall as construction of the At BBC Wales’ new Roath Lock Gabions progressed. studios in Cardiff, a much larger free-standing Gabion wall – Here, Gabions create a 450m Wider range thought to be the biggest in the long road-side retaining wall to Although Maccaferri will UK - has been built to screen support existing grassed slopes continue to manufacture PVC the site and provide an acoustic which had to be cut back to coated products for use in less barrier around external filming create space for the new car- demanding applications, the areas. share lane. new PA6 coating is available on “Both architect and its entire range of double twist In the rail sector a soil nailed, wire based products including client were keen to Gabion retaining wall was used Reno [R] erosion protection use Gabions as the to help boost capacity of the mattresses, Terramesh [R] structural medium busy London to Oxford Rail and Green Terramesh [R] soil Line where it passes through reinforcement systems as well to create a ‘cliff face’ an historic bottleneck near as the Company’s range of appearance...” Northolt. rock-fall protection meshes.

Engineers were able to For further information, go to Both architect and client were increasing line capacity by www.maccaferri.co.uk. where keen to use Gabions as the widening an existing, 3.0m you can download technical structural medium to create high to allow the documents on PA6, register for Maccaferri Gabions were used to create space for the UK motorway network’s first car-share a ‘cliff face’ appearance using installation of an addition track. a CPD presentation or request lane at junction 26, M62/M606. locally sourced sandstone All within what was an already design software. paving off-cuts as the infill 9 10 DRILLING AND MINIPILING RIGS

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11 12 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION TESTING How accurate is it? Writing for theGeotechnica once again is Peter Reading, Technical Director of the Equipe Group. This month Pete discusses the use of particle size distribution testing and asks how accurate the test can really hope to be. Peter also provides advice on the correct methods of achieving samples suitable to be used in the distribution test.

The particle size distribution test - all resting on a catch tray. It “Coarser particles is probably the most scheduled is normal practice to split the test in the geotechnical sieves at the 5mm sieve with are usually measured engineer’s arsenal of basic larger diameter sieves, 450mm by hand although it tests. Traditionally we have being used for the coarser is possible to obtain used all types of sample for this particles and a smaller test - from tubs to bulk bags 200mm diameter sieve nest sieves with larger and tube samples, yet in many for the size particles. It is apertures.” cases it is unrepresentative of important that the sieves are regularly checked to ensure micron in size. Coarser particles “From my time in they are not damaged in any are usually measured by hand way. Care should also be taken laboratories it would although it is possible to obtain not to overload the sieves seem that this test sieves with larger apertures. because this can stretch the Finer particles stop behaving is misused and mesh, particularly in the finer purely by gravity and require sieve sizes. The standards misunderstood...” a sedimentation method to give details of the maximum particle size present. Table obtain the size distribution. If “This is generally the “... sonic boreholes weight considered suitable for 1 gives the recommended a sample contains and/or result of the specifying do recover all the the material insitu. From my each sieve. If there is too much masses of sample required it will require washing to time in laboratories it would material the total mass can engineer not being based on the largest particle material from the remove the finer – whilst seem that this test is misused be divided using riffle boxes size in accordance with BS EN being tedious, this is relatively aware of the actual hole, whilst this may and misunderstood, having until the amount on each sieve ISO 1997 Part 2. easy to accomplish with a good size of sample taken in be disturbed by the seen samples scheduled for the is below the maximum. The water supply and suitable test with samples comprising weight retained on each sieve the field...” It is clearly evident that for sampling process the sieves to wash the sample of a 500g tub with gravel of size is recorded and from this many tests a significant amount method will retain all through. of material will be needed. In 60mm to a bulk bag of three taking account of any riffling material for the test to be order to achieve these volumes particle sizes...” house bricks! of the sample the percentage representative. This is generally However although this it is necessary for the sample of material passing each sieve the result of the specifying test is popular it will often to come from a relatively large The test itself is relatively size is obtained and plotted engineer not being aware of recover granular soils however produce unrepresentative hole if it is going to fulfill the easy to carry out. It requires a on a curve where the the actual size of sample taken sonic boreholes do recover results, this is not through any criteria. Typically this will be nest of sieves with apertures particle size is plotted to a log in the field and probably not all the material from the hole, shoddiness from the laboratory from a or Cable Tool of various sizes arranged with scale. being familiar with the amount whilst this may be disturbed but primarily through Borehole. In both cases the the largest aperture at the top, of material required for the by the sampling process the poor sampling techniques. common sample type adopted reducing in size at each sieve Sieve tests are only used on test. The actual amount needed method will retain all particle Commonly the laboratory will will be a bulk sample. Rotary with the smallest at the bottom material from 63mm to 63 is dependent on the largest sizes and in general does report that there is insufficient Boreholes will struggle to 13 14 “This process is flawed will be impossible to obtain a “Sampling from a remove soil and water along representative sample of the with all the fines. Although from the start. If the soil. cable tool borehole this method may not eliminate excavator is grabbing is also fraught with all the potential errors it will sample in a deep scoop It is suggested that in order to difficulty.” considerably reduce them. avoid this, sampling should be The engineer should be aware it will invariably mix made as discrete as possible, of the potential for error Sampling from a cable tool the soil and possibly scooping material in thin layers when assessing the results. In borehole is also fraught with from the pit to be sure that the particular it is not possible to mix together very difficulty. The physical act of samples come from the layer of remove a piece of gravel more advancing the borehole using different stratum.” interest. The material obtained than about 60mm diameter heavy tools dropped under should be tipped onto a board from a 150mm diameter gravity will tend to break up heap from here the engineer or tough plastic sheet to enable coarser particles such as flint will proceed to scoop up the the engineer to gather all of “In any event using into smaller pieces therefore soil into a large plastic bag the material from the stratum. a heavy handed even before the sample is out or tub. This process is flawed If there is more material than of the borehole its particle size approach to break up from the start. If the excavator required then the heap should will be altered. In granular soils is grabbing sample in a deep be coned and quartered and particles should be it is normal to add water to the scoop it will invariably mix the then full quarters should be avoided during the borehole to aid progress as the soil and possibly mix together placed in the sample bag - it shell or bailer is removed from sampling process.” very different stratum. By may be necessary to use more not break up the particles obtained from either Trial Pits the borehole with the sample tipping onto the spoil heap even than one bag to achieve the during sampling. or Boreholes. When sampling retained inside, water will wash more mixing will take place, borehole. In any event using from Trial Pits typically the “In this way a from the shell or bailer and take and perhaps more importantly a heavy handed approach to Great care is needed if a operator will be instructed to with it finer soils. Therefore segregation of coarser material representative sample break up particles should be suitable sample representative dig a bucketful of the stratum even before the sample is will take place as it tumbles avoided during the sampling of the insitu material is to be and tip it onto the existing spoil should be achieved. It is out of the hole it is likely the down the heap. In this state it process. essential the sampling particle size distribution has been significantly affected, strategy is discussed Perhaps the best way of reducing the coarser soils to sampling granular soils from with the operator, and finer soils and removing finer depth would be to use sonic a method of operation soils from the bottom of the methods. This method has the grading curve. agreed.” advantage of not requiring water to be added to the hole SENIOR / PRINCEPAL With good drilling practice required amount. In this way a and recovering the whole GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEER this can be at least partially representative sample should lithological column with the minimized by the driller. The be achieved. It is essential the minimal disturbance. driller is an important part of Soil Consultants is a well established and highly respected geotechnical consultancy serving London and sampling strategy is discussed any investigation and sampling with the operator, and a method In any event it is important the Home Counties with a wide range of interesting projects. Due to increasing workload and process and should be made of operation agreed. that the designer is aware of challenging new projects we require a Geotechnical Engineer / Engineering Geologist with about 6 to 10 aware of the need to obtain the limitations of the sampling years experience to join our vibrant professional team. You should be competent in the organisation of a sample unaltered by the If the sample is to be taken method and at least attempts investigation projects, interpretive reporting (both in geotechnical and environmental aspects) and have sampling process and to use below the water table it to use the most appropriate good communication skills. Position based at our Head Office in techniques which will minimize will be difficult to achieve a method for the use to which break up and loss of the sample. High Wycombe. representative sample without he is putting the test results. The correct way of sampling in decanting the whole sample If he is looking to assess the granular soils is to fill the hole Salary level negotiable plus benefits dependent upon level of experience. into a settling tank. In this Uniformity Coefficient which with water. The shell or bailer scenario it is advisable to allow uses the particle diameter at should be used with a pumping Reply with CV to Stuart Wagstaff. the finer soils to settle out the 10% and 60% points on the action to “suck” the soil into and then begin decanting the graph then it is essential that it. The shell or bailer should water. Once this is done the the sample is as representative Soil Consultants Ltd Chiltern House, Earl Howe Road, Holmer Green, High Wycombe, Bucks. HP15 have a clack which seals the procedure above can be used as possible. 6QT bottom of the tube if this is to obtain the sample. Tel: 01494 712494. the case the driller will be able Email: [email protected] 15 16 - 2013 G COURSES

UPCOMIN 9th August 2013, 4th October O20N13LY - £225 + VAT 27th September 2013 WORKSHOP ION - RIPT SOIL DESC WORKSHOP Clear Solutions Ad - 210 x 148 - 071111:Layout 1 7/11/11 16:41 Page 1 17th September 2013 K DESCRIPTION 24th May 2013- ROC - G DESIGN ION DAT IN SITU TESTIN ICAL FOUN Manufacture for supply to GEOTECHN the global drilling market Supported by • Environmentally friendly drilling fluids • Grouts and sealants including geothermal grouts, bentonite pellets and granules • Drilling fluid mixing/recycling systems and high pressure mud pumps To book your place, please contact • Hard rock drilling tools Equipe Training: and accessories • Technical support and training [email protected] www.equipegroup.com Drilling products for the future 01295 670990 T: +44 (0) 1939 235 754 01295 678232 F:+44 (0) 1939 232 399 E:[email protected] www.drilling-products.com Other courses are available. Please visit our website for more details. 17 18 GEOTECHNICAL CONFERENCE: GEOTECHNICAL CHALLENGES IN THE 21ST CENTURY Wednesday 10th July GEOTECHNICA 2013 Introduction: Welcome to Geotechnica 2013 09:30 - 09:45 Peter Reading Technical Director, Equipe Group WILL YOU BE THERE? Keynote Address 09:45 - 10:30 Tim Chapman - Managing Risk: Where the client sits Director, Arup Session 1: Will climate change mean a design change? 10:30 - 11:00 Professor Neil Dixon - Slope stability in a changing climate Loughborough University 11:00 - 11:30 Professor Eddie Bromhead - Coastal Slope Engineering - Do we defend or retreat? 11:30 - 12:00 Ian Walsh - Do we need to rethink pavement design? Road Consultants and Chartered Institution of Highways and Transportation The following is the latest press release and update from the Equipe Group on Geotechnica 2013, the Session 2: Piling into the 21st Century UK’s Largest Geotechnical Trade Show and Exhibition. This year’s event will take place on the 10th and 14:00 - 14:30 Jim DeWaele - Challenges for Piling 11th of July at the Warwickshire Exhibition Centre. Managing Director, Keller & Chairman of the Federation of Piling Specialists 14:30 - 15:00 Tony Suckling - Managing Safely - A Piling Contractor’s View Technical Director, Stent (BBGEL) As readers of theGeotechnica Session 2 will be dedicated to may all be aware by now, Whilst the Trade Show portion the piling industry, examining Session 3: Health and Safety - Where now? Geotechnica 2013 is fast of the exhibition is shaping the challenges that are 15:00 - 15:30 Ian Simpson - HSE Policing the Industry - A model for the future approaching. Having moved to up nicely, perhaps even facing the sector in the 21st Inspector, HSE 15:30 - 16:00 Tom Phillips - HSG 47 Redrafted (Avoiding Danger from Underground Services) the Warwickshire Exhibition more exciting is the line-up Century. This session will RPA Safety Services Centre for 2013’s show, the for this year’s Geotechnical feature presentations from Jim Equipe Group have seen a Conference titled: Geotechnical DeWaele, Managing Director of Thursday 11th July massive increase in interest Challenges in the 21st Century. Keller and also Chairman of the Introduction: Welcome to Day 2 of Geotechnica 2013 from different areas of the This year’s Conference will Federation of Piling Specialists, 09:30 - 09:45 Peter Reading geotechnical and drilling feature a number of incredibly as well as Technical Director of Technical Director, Equipe Group sector – from Clients to impressive speakers from Stent (BBGEL), Tony Suckling. Session 4: Improving Parameters for Design Contractors, Trade Associations across the Geotechnical, Piling, 09:45 - 10:15 Carlton Hall - Best use of cone penetration techniques Environmental and Drilling The final session of day one Engineering Director, Lankelma “... more people than sectors in order to appeal to will focus specifically on Health 10:15 - 10:45 Francesca Buselli - Seismic Dilatometer Testing Geotechnical Engineer, Marchetti DMT every corner of our industry. and Safety and where the ever are interested 10:45 - 11:15 Dr Kieran Dineen - Geothermal Design - Getting it Right in being a part of industry currently stands on Commercial and Technical Director, Terra Firma Ground Investigation Day one of the Conference keeping its workforce as safe as Session 5: Conceptual/Ground Models and BIM - New concepts, but what do they provide? Geotechnica.” will feature a Keynote speech possible. Representing the HSE 11:15 - 11:45 Professor Paul Nathanail - How reliable is the model? from Tim Chapman, Director will be Principal Inspector Ian Director of Land Quality Management Ltd & Professor of Engineering at the University of Nottingham at one of the UK’s biggest Simpson, who will focus on the 11:45 - 12:15 Dr Roger Chandler - Data reliability - The of the model? to Universities – more people geotechnical consultants, Arup. HSE’s stance on policing the Managing Director, Keynetix than ever are interested in Returning to Geotechnica’s industry. Tom Phillips of RPA 12:15 - 12:45 Gary Logan - What can graphics do for you? being a part of Geotechnica. Geotechnical Conference Safety Services will then follow Director of Sales, Bentley Systems With fresh enquires about once again is esteemed slope Ian, discussing the re-drafting Session 6: Debate - Geotechnical parameters, design and investigation - Will we ever use Eurocode? Geotechnica 2013 coming in stability specialist, Professor of HSG 47 – Avoiding Danger 14:30 - 15:30 Dr John Powell Dr David Norbury every day the attendance at this Eddie Bromhead. Joining from Underground Services. Panel: Technical Director, GEOLABS Ltd Director, David Norbury Ltd year’s show is shaping up to be Eddie in Session 1, titled ‘Will Peter Reading Professor Paul Nathanail Technical Director, Equipe Group Director of Land Quality Management Ltd & Prof. of Engineering Geology at the Uni of Nottingham the best ever. With this in mind, climate change mean a design Day two will begin with Session now is the time to ensure that change?’, will be Professor 4: Improving Parameters your company is represented at Neil Dixon of Loughborough for Design with Technology GOLD SPONSORS SILVER SPONSORS this year’s event. University, as well as Ian Walsh Advances. This session will Communicate. of the Chartered Institution of be kicked off by Carlton Hall Promote. BOOK YOUR COMPANY’S PLACE Highways & Transportation. of CPT specialists Lankelma – NOW Carlton will be discussing the Network. BRONZE SPONSORS Learn. 19 20 Seismic Cone Test and its value Ltd, Independent Consultant product that you want to show in contributing to the design Professor David Norbury, off to multiple clients at the THE UK’S LARGEST GEOTECHNICAL process. Following Carlton Professor Paul Nathanail and same time? The Exhibitors will be a representative from Presentation Area is the perfect TRADE SHOW AND EXHIBITION REGISTER YOUR Marchetti DMT in Italy, who “... the debate will opportunity to do this. 10th and 11th July 2013 ATTENDANCE NOW @ will discuss the many forms look at the value of Exhibitors include: CSG Srl Geothermal Supplies MGS www.geotechnica.co.uk of the Dilatometer and the Eurocode and how the Dedicated Catering Facilities AGS DETS GSHPA Proquip Direct Seismic Dilatometer. Dr Kieran Want to entertain prospective ALcontrol Laboratories Dywidag Systems International Insitu Site Investigation Rockbit UK industry can comply Archway Engineering DuraDeck i2 Analytical RPA Safety Services Dineen of TerraFirma Ground clients? In previous years Atlas Copco Equipe Group JDP RS Hydro Investigation will finish up with Eurocodes, whilst a bacon-butty or a hot-dog Bachy Soletanche European Geophysical Services Jet Materials SAL Bentley Systems Federation of Piling Specialists Keller Soil Engineering Geoservices Session 4 with a presentation also taking steps was about as flashy as the Boode UK FRASTE Keynetix Soilmec on Geothermal Design and how catering got. However this year British Geological Survey Geo Deep Drill K4 Soils Laboratory Structural Soils forward to ensure the Carandina SRL GeoGem Lankelma Stuart Well Services to get it right. the Warwickshire Exhibition Casagrande UK Geoquip Water Solutions LimitState TECOP, S. A. industry growth in all Centre has its own dedicated Chemtest GeoSonic Drilling Marchetti DMT TerraDat Clear Solutions Geotechnical Engineering MGS Session 5 will focus on new areas.” kitchen and restaurant for you Costain Environmental Services Geotechnical Observations concepts such as Conceptual to meet and greet prospective C Scope Models, Ground Models and customers in, serving an array BIM. Professor Paul Nathanail Equipe’s own Peter Reading, the of hot or cold foods. GOLD SPONSORS of the University of Nottingham debate will look at the value of will begin the session by Eurocode and how the industry Improved Evening Charity discussing how reliable these can comply with Eurocodes, Networking Event types of models can be. Dr whilst also taking steps forward Networking and communicating TRADE SHOW Roger Chandler of Keynetix to ensure the industry growth with new people is one of the will follow Professor Nathanail, in all areas. main aspects of Geotechnica as asking if data reliability can be a whole, but this year’s Evening the foundation of the model, If you have any questions that Charity Networking Event GEOTECHNICAL CONFERENCE whilst Gary Logan of Bentley you would like to put to the will present an even greater SILVER SPONSORS Systems rounds off Session 5 panel regarding Eurocodes, opportunity to discuss all things discussing what graphics can please email your questions to: geotechnics with an array of do for you. [email protected] personnel from the industry. “An exciting new “... the Networking If you’re still not convinced PRODUCT EXHIBITION addition to this about exhibiting or attending Event is being held year’s Geotechnical Geotechnica as a visitor, here’s at The Angel Hotel in Conference will be some more information on how nearby Leamington the Equipe Group intend on BRONZE SPONSORS an open floor debate making this year’s event bigger Spa – only 10 minutes’ KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER titled: Geotechnical and better than ever: drive from the parameters, design exhibition venue...” Exhibitors Presentation Area and investigation In previous years presentations – Will we ever use have been limited to technical This year the Networking Event NETWORKING Eurocode?” talks about the industries is being held at The Angel Hotel latest innovations, case studies in nearby Leamington Spa – and specialist knowledge only 10 minutes’ drive from Communicate. An exciting new addition to this transfer. However this year the exhibition venue – where a year’s Geotechnical Conference the organisers are providing finger buffet, bar and jazz band Promote. will be an open floor debate exhibitors the opportunity to will be awaiting all attendees. titled: Geotechnical parameters, deliver presentations focused Tickets are priced at a mere Network. design and investigation – on their own company’s £20, and the event presents the Learn. Will we ever use Eurocode? services and products on a perfect opportunity to network, With a panel consisting of separate stage to the technical meet new people and create Dr John Powell of GEOLABS talks. Got a new service or new contacts.

21 22 CONTAMINANT OF THE MONTH: PHENOL PROPERTIES, USES, TOXICITY AND ANALYSIS Writing for theGeotechnica once more is Geraint Williams of Alcontrol Laboratories. This month, Geraint discusses the properties, uses, toxicity and analysis of phenol.

Phenol (CAS No. 108-95- materials. Phenol is produced 2) is a benzene derivative during the combustion of coal, containing a single hydroxyl wood and municipal wastes substituent (C6H5OH). Other and is a component of vehicle names of this particular molecule include benzenol, “It is a common soil carbolic acid, hydroxybenzene, contaminant at former monohydroxybenzene, gas works and coking monophenol, oxybenzene, phenic acid, phenyl hydrate, plants.” phenyl hydroxide, phenylic acid and phenylic alcohol. The exhaust and cigarette smoke. It term phenol is often applied is a common soil contaminant not only to a specific compound at former gas works and coking but to a class of compounds. A plants. member of this class may have other groups, in addition to the The major releases to soil hydroxyl group directly bonded include the spreading of animal to its benzene ring. Only phenol manures and sewage sludge, and other common organic indicates that phenol rapidly daily intake (TDIoral) is itself is considered here. and the historic manufacture of “Based on its physical- chemicals (IPCS 1994). It is also biodegrades in soil under based on a reproductive and coal gas and coke (ECB, 2006) used to make adhesives, paint, chemical properties, aerobic and anaerobic developmental toxicity study Properties and Uses rubber, ink, dyes, perfume and conditions (EC 2006; ATSDR in rats (Environment Agency, Phenol is a colourless to “Phenol is mainly used phenol will be weakly soap. Several pharmaceutical 2008). Elevated concentrations 2009). The two-generation rat pink crystalline solid at room as an intermediate in bound by soil organic products such antiseptic, of phenol in soil and coal tar study of Ryan et al. (2001) was temperature. It is water soluble organic synthesis.” anaesthetics, throat lozenges matter and therefore wastes may give rise to toxic considered by the Committee and a weak acid. Phenol and ear drops also contain impacts on the microbial on Toxicity (COT) to be critical is soluble in most organic leach readily from soil phenol, as well as disinfectants population, suggesting that in the assessment of the risks solvents and has a water Phenol is mainly used as to ground and surface (HPA 2011). optimal degradation conditions posed by ingested phenol. The solubility of 84,100 mg L-1 at an intermediate in organic water.” are not always achieved. no observed adverse effect 25ºC (Environment Agency, synthesis. Phenol serves as a Although volatile in a pure form level (NOAEL) of 70-93 mg kg-1 2008). raw material for the production at room temperature, phenol properties, it will be weakly Toxicity is the basis of the oral tolerable of phenolic resins and bisphenol strongly partitions to water and bound by soil organic matter Phenol has been shown daily intake (TDIoral) of 700 µg Phenol is produced naturally A (an intermediate in the its volatilisation from water and therefore leach readily to cause liver and kidney kg-1 bw day-1 adopted by the but the major sources are from manufacture of epoxy resins). to soil appears to be a slow from soil to ground and surface damage, neurotoxic effects Environment Agency. Hsieh an anthropogenic origin. Phenol Other important uses include process and is not a significant water (ECB, 2006; Environment and developmental toxicity et al. 1992 have reported occurs naturally in coal tar and the production of caprolactam source of atmospheric Agency 2008). in laboratory animals abnormal findings in animals at is formed during the natural (an intermediate in the contamination (ASTDR, 2008). (Environment Agency, lower doses. However, due decomposition of organic manufacture of nylon), aniline Based on its physical-chemical A review of available data 2009). The oral tolerable to the study limitations, 23 24 the COT did not consider the Land Use Soil Guideline Value (mg/kg dry weight) 1,2 Committee on Toxicity of Hsieh study appropriate for Chemicals in Food, Consumer Phenol derivation of a TDI. Products and the Environment. Residential 420 A Health Criteria Value for Allotment 280 ECB, 2006. European Union inhalation of phenol based Commercial 3 3,200 (38,00) Risk Assessment Report. Phenol. on mutagenic (and thus 1 Figures are rounded to one or two significant figures Volume 64. EUR 22522 EN/1. carcinogenic) potential for 2 Based on a sandy soil with 6% SOM Luxembourg: Office for Official which it is assumed there is no 3 Based on a threshold protective of direct skin contact with Publications of the European threshold would take the form phenol (guideline in brackets based on health effects following Communities. of an Index Dose (IDinh), with long-term exposure provided for illustration only). the associated requirement to Environment Agency, 2008. reduce exposure to as low as Compilation of data for priority Environment Agency’s report • inhalation exposure reasonably practicable (ALARP). organic pollutants for derivation Supplementary information for from soil contamination makes of Soil Guideline Values. Science the derivation of SGV for phenol a small contribution to total “... no evaluations that Report SC050021/SR7. Bristol: found no suitable data on plant exposure for the residential and would be appropriate Environment Agency. uptake of phenol by fruit and allotment land use scenarios; because they are generally Spectrometry (GC-MS). to adopt as a basis for vegetables relevant to the CLEA more likely to have higher Environment Agency, 2009. model. SR7 indicates phenol to • background exposure is such an Index Dose are exposures. Typical limits of detection for Contaminants in soil: updated have an octanol-water partition a significant contributor to total currently available...” HPLC are 0.01 mg/kg for soils collation of toxicological co-efficient (log Kow) of 1.48. exposure for the residential Phenol can be absorbed through and 0.5 µg/l for waters. GCMS data and intake values for As a result, it can be predicted land use scenario; the skin in toxic amounts but provides limits of detection of humans. Phenol. Science Report that phenol will easily enter However, no evaluations that no authoritative assessments 1 mg/kg for soils and 0.5µg/l SC050021/SR TOX9. Bristol: plant roots in the transpiration • dermal exposure would be appropriate to adopt of dermal toxicity have been for waters. Environment Agency. stream, and should travel drives the risk to health from as a basis for such an Index identified (Environment through root cell membranes soil contamination for the Dose are currently available Agency, 2009). In the absence For further information, please Environment Agency 2009. Soil into the xylem for transport to residential land use scenario (Environment Agency, 2009). of pathway specific toxicity contact: Guideline Values for phenol in the rest of the plant. However, because of the significantly The inhalation tolerable daily information dermal exposure soil. Science Report: SC050021/ the actual behaviour of phenol lower potential threshold of intake (TDIinh) of 10 µg kg-1 has been compared to TDIinh. Alcontrol Laboratories Phenol SGV. Bristol: Environment will vary between plant species toxicity for phenol via the non- bw day-1 is based on limited A dermal absorption factor of Units 7 & 8 Hawarden Business Agency. and uptake and accumulation oral route (the TDIinh is 70 occupational epidemiology 0.3 for phenol was derived Park are likely to be reduced by times lower than the TDIoral); data from a study reported by from studies undertaken by Manor Road Environment Agency 2009. bacterial and plant metabolism Shamy et al. (1994) and applies Skowronski et al. (1994). Hawarden Supplementary information for (Environment Agency, 2009). • consumption of to non-mutagenic endpoints Deeside the derivation of SGV for phenol. homegrown produce drives only. Analysis Flintshire Science Report: SC050021/ Soil Guideline Values the risk for the allotment land CH5 3US Technical review phenol. Bristol: SGVs for phenol are presented use scenario because of the “The analysis of phenol The adult inhalation mean daily Environment Agency. according to generic SR3 land dominance of this exposure intake (MDIinh) for phenol is is usually undertaken T: +44 (0) 1244 528 700 uses in the Environment Agency pathway; estimated at 40 µg day-1. The by high performance E: hawarden.sales@alcontrol. European Food Safety Authority Report SC050021/Phenol SGV. adult oral mean daily intake com 2013. Toxicological evaluation • background exposure liquid chromatography (MDIoral) is approximately 350 W: www.alcontrol.com of phenol. ESFA Journal 2013; The SGV document describes via the inhalation pathway µg day-1 (Environment Agency, (HPLC) or by Gas 11(4):3189 the proportion of exposure makes a significant contribution 2009). The MDI for food within Chromatography Mass References attributable to each individual to risk for the residential the original TOX report (2003) ATSDR, 2008. Toxicological Health Protection Agency 2011. pathway. In summary: land use scenario, though its Spectrometry (GC- was 600 µg day-1. European profile for phenol. Atlanta, GA: Compendium of Chemical contribution to total exposure Food Standards Agency (2013) MS).” US Department of Heath and Hazards. Phenol (v4). • consumption of is small (Environment Agency, estimated exposure to phenol Human Services, Agency for homegrown produce and 2009). from food contact materials is Toxic Substances and Disease International Programme on attached soil makes the likely to be 0.3 mg to 0.6 mg/ The analysis of phenol Registry. Chemical Safety (IPCS) (1994) greatest contribution to total For residential and allotment person/day. is usually undertaken by Environmental Health Criteria exposure for the residential and land uses, SGVs are based on High Performance Liquid COT (2002) COT Statement 161. Phenol. World Health allotment land use scenarios; estimates representative of A review undertaken in the Chromatography (HPLC) or by on phenol: tolerable daily Organisation. Geneva exposure of young children Gas Chromatography Mass intake (oral) – October 2002, 25 26 DYNAMIC SAMPLING UK Unit 8 Victory Park Way, Victory Road geophysics Derby, DE24 8ZF EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES Tel: 01332 771104 Mob: 07836 365533 22 Sansaw Business Park, Hadnall, Shrewsbury, Email: [email protected] Shropshire SY4 4AS Tel: 01939 210 710 Fax: 01939 210 532 Email: [email protected] Directory TERRADAT Unit 1, Link Trade Park, Penarth Road, Cardiff, CF11 8TQ 1. Select your advert size. Tel: 08707 303050 Fax: 08707 303051 Want (Full, Half, Quarter Page, Directory Entry) Email: [email protected] 2. Select timescale. geotechnical software t (1, 3, 6 or 12 Months) o KEYNETX LTD 3. Format your artwork. GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING Systems Park, Moons Park, Burnt Meadow Road, (Adobe PDF, . jpg or .png) Centurion House, Olympus Business Park, Redditch, Worcestershire, B98 9PA advertise 4. Send your artwork to us. Quedgeley, Gloucester, GL2 4NF Tel: 01527 68888 Fax: 01527 62880 Tel: 01452 527743 Fax: 01452 729314 ([email protected], Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] or contact us on 01295 670990) geotechnical specialists in RGI GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION Unit 37, Longfield Road, Sydenham Industrial GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING Estate, Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, CV31 1XB Centurion House, Olympus Business Park, theGeotechnica? Tel/Fax: 01926 886329 Mob: 07748871546 Quedgeley, Gloucester, GL2 4NF Email: [email protected] Tel: 01452 527743 Fax: 01452 729314 Email: [email protected] TERRA FIRMA GROUND INVESTIGATION GEOTECHNICAL OBSERVATIONS Rowan Tree Farm, Blackwell Hall Lane, Ley Hill, The Peter Vaughan Building, 9 Avro Way,

All adverts placed by Drilling Academy™ members will benefit from discounted rates. Buckinghamshire, HP5 1UN Brooklands, Weybridge, Surrey KT13 0YF 2012 Advertising Rates (£) - All rates are given excluding V AT. Tel: 01494 791110 Fax: 01494 791108 Tel: 01932 352040 Fax: 01932 356375 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] drilling equipment SOILS LIMITED borehole surveying software Newton House, Tadworth drilling contractors DRILLWELL Surrey, KT20 5SR Unit 3, Rotherham Close, Killamarsh, Sheffield, Tel: 01737 814221 Fax: 01737 812557 GEOMEM APEX DRILLING SERVICES S21 2JU Email: [email protected] 24 John Huband Drive, Birkhill, Angus, DD2 5RY Sturmi Way, Bridgend, CF33 6BZ Tel: 0114 248 7833 Fax: 0114 2487997 United Kingdom Tel: 01656 749149 Email: [email protected] Soils Limited Tel: 01382 329 011 Fax: 01382 230 256 Email: [email protected] Newton House Email: [email protected] field instrumentation Tadworth BOREHOLE SOLUTION SITE INVESTIGATION CONCEPT Surrey 13 Great North Road, Buckden, St Neots, consultants Unit 8 Warple Mews, Warple Way, London KT20 5SR Geotechnical and Cambridgeshire, PE19 5XJ W3 0RF Environmental Consultants Tel: 01480 812457 Mob: 07969 715655 Tel: 020 8811 2880 Fax: 020 8811 2881 Phone 01737 814221 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Fax 01737 812557 GROUND TECHNOLOGY Web www.soilslimited.co.uk Ground Technology Services, Maple Road, Kings CONCEPT GEOTECHNICAL OBSERVATIONS Lynn, Norfolk, PE34 3AF Unit 8 Warple Mews, Warple Way, London The Peter Vaughan Building, 9 Avro Way, health and safety Tel: 01553 817657 Fax: 01553 817658 W3 0RF Brooklands, Weybridge, Surrey KT13 0YF EB SAFETY Email: [email protected] Tel: 020 8811 2880 Fax: 020 8811 2881 Tel: 01932 352040 Fax: 01932 356375 Tel: 01926 642465 Mob: 07881858271 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] 27 28 Geotechnical Engineering Ltd is a long-established ground investigation specialist, K4 SOILS LABORATORY employing some 125 people from its base in Gloucester. We have our own drilling rigs and laboratory services Unit 8, Olds Close, Watford, Hertfordshire, drillers, laboratory and field technicians, geotechnical and geo-environmental engineers. We offer a full range of services to a wide variety of Clients throughout the UK. WD18 9RU ALCONTROL LABORATORIES Tel: 01923 711288 Fax: 01923 711311 We believe that further opportunities are now opening up for us in several of our markets, and Units 7 & 8 Hawarden Business Park, Manor Email: [email protected] are intending to recruit additional senior staff to the following roles: Road, Hawarden, Deeside, Flintshire CH5 3US Tel: 01244 528 700 Fax: 01244 528 701 COMMERCIAL MANAGER site investigation To head up a team of estimators, assessing and pricing ground investigation contracts throughout the UK. Should have 10 to 15 years Email: [email protected] minimum experience in the industry, including a solid grounding in tendering and contract managing.

CONCEPT CONCEPT SENIOR CONTRACTS MANAGER Unit 8 Warple Mews, Warple Way, London Unit 8 Warple Mews, Warple Way, London To take responsibility for large and/or complex ground investigations, working with other Managers, staff and sub-contractors. Should have at least 8 years experience in the industry, including significant contract management. W3 0RF W3 0RF Tel: 020 8811 2880 Fax: 020 8811 2881 Tel: 020 8811 2880 Fax: 020 8811 2881 2 no. HIGHLY EXPERIENCED (ROTARY) DRILLERS Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] To bring additional skills and experience to the drilling team, and to mentor, develop and set an example to more junior drilling staff. Should have at least 10 years varied ground investigation drilling experience, mostly on rotary and multi-purpose rigs. GEOLABS training and education GEOTECHNICAL CONSULTANT Bucknalls Lane, Garston, Watford, Hertfordshire, To bring technical and managerial skills to a relatively young team of geotechnical and geo-environmental engineers, and to help to WD25 9XX develop their full potential. Should have at least 15 years experience in both technical and commercial areas, and preferably be Tel: 01923 892 190 Fax: 01923 892 191 EQUIPE GROUP chartered with an MSc. Email: [email protected] The Paddocks, Home Farm Offices, PRINCIPAL GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEER The Upton Estate, Banbury, Oxford, OX15 6HU To further strengthen this young team of engineers (above), both technically and commercially. Should have at least 10 years Tel: 01295 670990 Fax: 01295 678232 experience, an MSc, and be working towards chartership. Email: [email protected] interested? www.geoeng.co.uk Please email your CV to [email protected]

Rotary Drillers Gardline Geosciences is an established and highly respected independent marine geotechnical investigation We have vacancies available for experienced Lead Rotary Drillers, company and part of the Gardline Group of Companies. both in the UK and Worldwide. Gardline Geosciences performs marine rotary drilling with - Excellent Rates of Pay wireline tools and seabed CPT’s from its own in house fleet of vessels as well as vessels of opportunity in water depths - Conventional, Wireline and Geothermal that range from the nearshore to 2000 metres. Our - positions all available operations are worldwide, with prestigious projects for major oil and gas clients having recently been - Onshore and Offshore completed in the Antarctic; South America; off the Grand Banks of Canada as well as the North Sea. Due to our increasing workloads we are currently seeking to recruit engineering geologists / - Minimum 5 Years experience geotechnical engineers at all levels to help plan; specify and supervise marine seabed investigations. - and NVQ Level 2 is preferable Core skills required Include logging of soil and rock to British and European Standards; a working knowledge of cone penetration testing; laboratory strength and classification testing and the All interested applicants, please preparation of factual/interpretative reports.

forward your CV to: Salary is negotiable depending on experience and all positions carry an attractive offshore [email protected] allowance. Brian Georgious Gardline Geosciences 1 Hewett Park, Hewett Road Gapton Hall Industrial Estate Great Yarmouth, Norfolk Or email to: [email protected] R e p l y w i t h a C V t o : NR31 0NN 29 30 theGeotechnica

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Equipe Group The Paddocks, Home Farm Drive The Upton Estate Banbury, OX15 6HU