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Eye Surgeons and Surgery in New Zealand

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Eye Surgeons and Surgery in New Zealand EYE SURGEONS AND SURGERY IN NEW ZEALAND EYE SURGEONS AND SURGERY IN NEW ZEALAND O. Bruce Hadden, CNZM, LLD, FRACS, FRANZCO Honorary Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland with a foreword by Charles N.J. McGhee, PhD, FRCOph, FRANZCO, Maurice Paykel Professor and Head, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland A catalogue record for this book is available from the National Library of New Zealand Published by Wairau Press, the contract publishing imprint of Random House New Zealand Ltd, Private Bag 102950, North Shore, Auckland 0745 First published 2012 © 2012 Bruce Hadden text, images as credited The moral rights of the author have been asserted ISBN 978 1 927158 03 6 This book is copyright. Except for the purposes of fair reviewing no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Front cover illustration: Concept by Alex Fraser. Main photograph by Steven Dakin, courtesy Auckland District Health Board. Inset photograph courtesy Drs Calvin and Peter Ring Cover design: Katy Yiakmis Design: Katy Yiakmis Printed by 101 Printing International The longer you can look back the further you can look forward. — SIR WIN S TON CHUR C HILL , TO THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHY S I C IAN S , 1944 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 11 FOREWORD — Charles N.J. McGhee 13 PRE fa CE 15 INTRODUCT I ON 17 CH ap TER 1 Before the specialists came 19 CH ap TER 2 Dunedin: the birthplace of New Zealand ophthalmology 26 CH ap TER 3 Christchurch: a conservative centre 46 CH ap TER 4 Wellington: the capital surgeons 65 CH ap TER 5 Auckland: the entrepreneurs 81 CH ap TER 6 Hamilton: the heartlanders 116 CH ap TER 7 Palmerston North: regional powerhouse 122 CH ap TER 8 Provincial centres: the unsung surgeons 131 CH ap TER 9 The Ophthalmological Society of New Zealand 155 CH ap TER 10 The New Zealand Branch of the Royal Australian 190 and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists CH ap TER 11 The development of specialist training in New Zealand 196 CH ap TER 12 Ophthalmic surgery and medicine in New Zealand 208 CH ap TER 13 Academic ophthalmology and ophthalmologists 222 CH ap TER 14 Ophthalmic publications by New Zealanders 236 CH ap TER 15 Public and private ophthalmology in New Zealand 242 CH ap TER 16 New Zealand ophthalmologists overseas 248 CH ap TER 17 Related organisations 260 RE F ERENCES 269 App END I X 1 The Ophthalmological Society of New Zealand and 279 the New Zealand Branch of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists: presidents, chairmen, honorary secretary-treasurers, editors of the Transactions, chairmen, Qualification and Education Committee 8 App END I X 2 The Ophthalmological Society of New Zealand and 281 the New Zealand Branch of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists: annual conferences and annual visiting professors App END I X 3 The first conference of the Ophthalmological Society 285 of New Zealand App END I X 4 The first president: a presentation by Dr Calvin Ring 285 App END I X 5 Families of ophthalmologists in New Zealand 288 App END I X 6 Items from the minutes of the Ophthalmological 289 Society of New Zealand relating to amalgamation with the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists INDEX 293 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS any people contributed to making this history possible. It would have never reached completion without the support of Professor Charles MMcGhee, head of the Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Auckland. Professor McGhee generously provided space and facilities, and made me an honorary member of his department. Without this support, the discipline required would have fallen short. He also spent many hours reading the manuscript and suggesting improvements, and graciously agreed to write a foreword. Maree McInerney, secretary to the department, willingly typed most of the manuscript and helped in many other ways. Other departmental members also helped. Louise Moffatt provided some history about the New Zealand National Eye Bank, Helen Mawn helped with Glaucoma New Zealand and Anne Wilson of the Philson Library at the University of Auckland helped greatly with references. In the early 1990s, the Ophthalmological Society of New Zealand foresightedly arranged for several senior ophthalmologists to record oral histories, and engaged Anna Cottrell to professionally interview them. Those recordings are an invaluable source, and I am grateful to the Alexander Turnbull Library for lending them. Maryanne Dransfield, editor ofNew Zealand Optics, provided many photographs, which are individually acknowledged. I am grateful to colleagues who so willingly subjected themselves to personal interviews. They were Associate Professor Gordon Sanderson MNZM and the late Professor John Parr of Dunedin; Associate Professor Richard Clemett, Dr Roy Holmes and Dr Ken Tarr of Christchurch; Drs John McKinnon and John Davison of Nelson; Drs Colin Fenton, Peter Wellings, Paul Herrick and Thiers Halliwell of Wellington; Drs David Warnock and Tom Ellingham of Palmerston North; Dr Kevin Taylor of New Plymouth; Dr David Sabiston MNZM of Napier; Dr Jim Macdiarmid of Hamilton; Drs R.H. Lindo Ferguson CBE and Charles Swanston OBE of Auckland; Dr Muriel Nielsen who practised in Rotorua; and Dr John Henderson of Whangarei. Many other colleagues willingly contributed. Dr David Murdoch kindly assisted with information on the voluntary work done by New Zealand ophthalmologists in the South Pacific nations. He also helped unearth some 11 personalities in New Zealand ophthalmology in the nineteenth century. Dr Philip Boulton helped generously with ophthalmology in Palmerston North and adjacent areas. Thanks also to Dr Michael O’Rourke, past chairman of the New Zealand Branch of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists, and Dr Haddad, both of Tauranga; Drs James Stewart and Rohan Weerekoon of Hamilton; Dr Keith Gross of Rotorua; Dr Keith Small of Wellington; Dr Gabriel Martinez of Gisborne; Dr Michael Mair of Timaru; Professor Anthony Molteno ONZM and Associate Professor Gordon Sanderson MNZM of Dunedin; Dr Brett Rogers of Invercargill; Drs Hylton Le Grice OBE, CNZM, Ian Elliott, John Chapman-Smith, Dianne Sharp, Peter Ring, Paul Rosser, Stephen Best, Brian Sloan, Ross McKay and Associate Professor Philip Polkinghorne, all of Auckland, and of course Professor Charles McGhee, who has been acknowledged separately. Dr Mary Jane Houliston, Honorary Secretary and Treasurer of the New Zealand Branch of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists, helped to find many old records. Barristers Gaeline Phipps and Harry Waalkens QC assisted with writing about the Commerce Commission case, as did several of the ophthalmologists directly involved. Dr Patricia Clarkson, retired cardiologist and secretary of the Auckland Medical History Society, willingly gave expert assistance. Assistance is also gratefully acknowledged from Dr Wyn Beasley, retired surgeon and medical historian of Wellington; Dr John Davidson, retired surgeon and medical historian of Christchurch; Katie Wilson of the Canterbury Museum Library; and Delyth Sunley, Senior Library Assistant, Heritage Collections, Dunedin Public Libraries. Thanks also to Kirsty Riley and Susan MacLean, respectively great- grand-daughter and grand-daughter of Dr W.S. Baird of Wanganui; Rose Purchas of Auckland, grand-daughter of Dr Arthur Challinor Purchas; Dr Katharine Bowden of Northland, widow of Dr Bernard Bowden; Mrs E.M.F. Talbot, sister-in-law of the late Dr Graeme Talbot OBE, and mother of Dr Bill Talbot of Townsville, Queensland; Dr Owen Prior of Masterton; Dr Arthur Coverdale, son of Dr Howard Coverdale; and Rob Fenwick CNZM, son of Dr George de Lacy Fenwick and grandson of Dr George E.O. Fenwick. Associate Professor Rob Jacobs of the Department of Optometry, University of Auckland, assisted with the paragraphs on optometry in New Zealand. Another valuable resource was Dr Basil Hutchinson’s index of obituaries from the New Zealand Medical Journal. Undoubtedly some who assisted have been inadvertently omitted. I apologise to them and thank them. 12 FOREWORD ew Zealand/Aotearoa was at the ends of the earth when charted by Captain James Cook in 1769 but, like its neighbour Australia, it became N increasingly populated in the subsequent 240 years. As the population grew, the earliest medical practitioners to enter the country were generalists with no expert knowledge in the care of eye disease. Coincidentally, 1769 also marked the birth of Napoleon Bonaparte. His wars in Europe and North Africa would have a profound effect on the establishment of ophthalmology and specialised eye hospitals in Great Britain — to treat servicemen returning from war with trachoma and other eye diseases. Nonetheless, the development of eye specialists and the flourishing sub-specialty of ophthalmology in the northern hemisphere in the early nineteenth century would take some time to percolate through to New Zealand. Indeed, due to the tyranny of distance, there were few resident medical practitioners in 1840, at the time of the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi (the founding document of New Zealand between Maori and the British crown). It would be another two years before the first with an interest in ophthalmology was to arrive. By 1858 the country’s population had grown to 115,000 with approximately half being of European extraction. It would take another 50 years before the population reached a million and almost 150 to pass 4 million. In that 150 years ophthalmology grew from itinerant practitioners, occasionally more like ‘snake-oil quacks’ than serious medical men, to a highly specialised profession employing cutting edge technology and exploring the boundaries of eye research. In this book, Bruce Hadden chronicles that intriguing story with enlivening anecdote and the insightful perspective that can only come from a lifetime spent in the pursuit of ophthalmology.
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