delvii n. sp. (Nematoda : ), aparasite of ragi (Eleusine eoraeana) in Bangalore,India

M. Shamim JAIRAJPURI*, VC'ajih U. KHAN*, K. G. H. SETTY** and H. C. GOVINDU** Section of Nematology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Jl'luslim University, Aligarh 202001, India. * University of Agricultural Sciences, Hebbal, Bangalore, India.

SUMMARY

Heterodera delvii n. sp. was found attacking ragi plants in Bangalore, India. Mature females, cysts and second stage juveniles have been described. Males were not observed. H. delvii n, sp. belongs to Group 5 of Mulvey (1972) and is mainly characterized by the juveniles lateralfield with three lines. El. delvii n. sp. shares this character with three other species of the same Group (H. cyperi Golden, Rau & Cobb, 1962 ; H. mothi Khan & Husain, 1965 and H. graminis Stynes, 1971) from which it differs mainly by the structure of the underbridge.

RÉSUMÉ

Heterodera delvii 11. sp. (Nematoda : Heteroderidae) parasite du ragi (Eleusine coracana) au Bangalore, Inde

Heteroderadelvii n. sp. a été découvert au Bangalore, Inde, oh il parasitait le (( ragi (Eleusine coracana). Les femelles matures, les kystes et les juvéniles du second stade sont décrits. Les mâles n'ont pas été observés. H. delvii n. sp. appartient au groupe 5 de Mulvey (1972). Il est surtout caractérisé par le champ latéral à trois lignes des jyvéniles. H. delvii n. sp. ,partage ce caractère avec trois autres espèces du même groupe (H. cyperi Golden, Rau & Cobb, 1962 ; H. mothi Khan & Husain, 1965 et H. graminis Stynes, 1971) dont il diffère principalement par la structure du pont inférieur.

As early as 1972, the plants of ragi or African thename Heteroderadelvii n.sp. is proposed millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) grown in after the lateMr. M. H. Delvi, Who was a teacher experimental plots at the main research station of one of us (KGHS). of the 'University of Agricultural Sciences, Heb- bal, Bangalore; were found to be infested with a cyst . Infested plants were stunted, Heterodera delvii mn. sp. andhad chlorotic leaves. Plants could be (Fig. 1 & 2) uprootedeasily and cysts werevisible tothe naked eye. Numerous juveniles and cysts were extracted from soil, but males were never found FEMALE despite repeated attempts in subsequent years. Attemptsto recovermales from roots either Measurements (n .= 10) : bymaceration or mistextraction also failed. , Length = 645pm (500-800 pm) ; width = Cystswere found embedded in or attached to 384 pm (250-460 pm) ; spear = 25 pm (22-28 pm). roots.Detailed morphological study showed Holotype : Length=650 km ; width=320 pm ; that it is a new species of Heterodera for which spear = 26 km.

Revue Nématol. 2 (1) : 3-9 (1979) 3 M. S.-Jairajpuri, W. U. Khan, K. G. H. Setty di. H. C. Gouindu

Description : Bodypearl-white incolour, EGG lemon-shaped,rarely rounded and with dis- Measurements (n = 50) : tinctly protruding neck and vulva (Fig. 1, G). Cuticle 6-15 pm thick at different parts of body Length = 103-138 Pm ; width = 36-48 pm ; . showing zigzag pattern on .surface (Fig. 1, K & L/W = 2.3-2.9. 2, b), wavy lines around vulval cone (Fig. 2, c) ; Description :Egg shell hyaline, without visible subcrystalline layer present. Head bearing two surface marking; juveniles forming5-6 folds. annules distinctly set off 'from body by a cons- triction (Fig. 1, 1),the second annule larger and somewhat disc-shaped.Cephalic sclerotization SECONDSTAGE JUVENILE moderatelydeveloped. Spear delicate, basal Measurernents (n = 25) : knobs rounded but slightly anteriorly directed. Dorsal oesophageal gland opening3-4 pm behind L = 480 pm (466-520 pm) ; a = 23 (18-31) ; base of spearknobs. Median bulb 30-38 x28- b = 4.7 (4.3-5.3) ; b' = 3.4 (3.0-3.6) ; c = 9 (8- 35 pm with well developed valveplates. Pro- 10) ; spear = 18-20 pm. corpus constricted at its junction with median- Description : Body elongate cylindrical taper- bulb. Oesophageal glands in a single lobe, vari- ing slightly anteriorly but marlcedly posteriorly able inshape and size. Excretorypore 190- (Fig. 1, A). Head slightlyoffset, 3-4 pm high and 220 pm from anterior end of body, located at 7-8 pm wide, marked with3-4 annules (Fig. 1, C). level of basal end of oesophageal gland lobe or Cuticularannulations distinct, annules 1-2 pm a little posterior (Fig. 1, H). Ovaries two, con- apart at midbody.Lateral fields about 213 of voluted, generally obscured by presence of eggs body-width, marked with 3 incisures (Fig. 1, E). or opacity of the body. Vulval cone protruding Cephalicframework moderately sclerotized. posteriorly. Egg sac absent. Anus 56-70 pm from anterior cephalid on second annule from cephalic vulva (Fig. 1, J). constriction, posterior cephalid on 8-10 annules. Spearknobs anteriorly directed (Fig. 1, B). Median bulb pyriform, valve plates well devel- CY ST oped. Oesophageal gland lobe 110-135 pm long fromcentre of valveplates. Excretory pore Measurernents (n = 20) : posterior to nerve ring, 84-96 pm from anterior end of body. Hemizonid observed in two speci- Length = 617 pm (520-618) ; width = 355 pm mens,one annule wide, locatedone annule (280-430). anterior to excretory pore (Fig. 1, B). Germinal cells situatedin posterior region, 265-285 pm Description: Light to dark brown in colour. from anterior end of body. Anus distinct. Tai1 Markings onthe cyst Wall consist of short, 49-60 pm, elongate-conoid, taperingregularly broken,angular zigzaglines. End-on view of to an acute terminus. Hyaline portionof tail 29- the vulval coneshows concentric lines around 36 pm long(Fig. 1, F). Phasmidsmidway on vulval slit and fenestrae. Punctations on inner hyaline portion of tail. layer of cyst Wall not clear. Ambifenestrate ; semifenestraeseparated by a well developed vulval bridge and surrounded by a wide basin MALE : Unknown (Fig. 1, M & 2, f). In older cysts the vulval cone may appear circumfenestrate (Fig. 1, L & 2, g). TYPEHOST AND LOCALITY Fenestrallengt,h 40-56 pm,width 36-45 pm, L/W = 1.0-1.2 ; vulval slit 36-45 pm long ; vul- Roots of ragi, Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. val bridge of same width as vulval slit. Under- (Family : Gramineae)from experimental plots bridgepresent, 96-112 pm long,situated at of the millet project at main research station, 52-60 pm from vulval slit ; central mass sub- Hebbal,Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Also circular, semi-transparent measuring 30-39 pm foundin other ragi fields inthe vicinity of (Eig.-2,-e).J3dlae-absent.Anus_distinct. B-a-ngalore.

4 Revue Nématol. 2 (1) : 3-9 (1979) Fig. 1 : Heterodera delvii n. sp. Second stage juvenile A : entire ; B : oesophageal region ; C : anterior end ; D : en face view ; E : lateral field at midbody ; F : tail end. Female G : entire ; H : oesophageal region ; 1 : anterior end ; J : posterior end ; K : cuticular markings at midbody. Cyst L : cone top of old cyst ; M : cone top of young cyst ; N-V : shapes of cysts. Fig. 2 : Heter0der.a deluii n. sp. Female a : entire ; b : cuticular markings on midbody ; c : cuticular markings on posterior end ; d : posterior end. Cyst e : cone top showing underbridge ; I: cone top of young cyst ; g : cone top of old cyst. Heterodera delvii n. sp.

TYPESPECIMENS lateralother fields. juveniles of The ofspecies thisgroup, viz., H. cardiolata Kirjinova & in 1977 ; holotype ‘fernale Ivanova, 1969 ; fI. carotae Jones, 1950; W.cruci- mounted On ‘lide ; paratype females on slides Heterodem delvii/2-6 ; 7 cysts ferae1892 Franklin,H. 1945Filipjev, ; H. goettiizgia,za 1934 and Liebscher,IJ. urticae mounted On de1vii/7 & ; and Cooper, 1965, possess four lines in lateral 24 juveniles On ‘Ieterodera de1vii/9-15 ; fields. The new spec,ies differs from thethree deposited in the Departlnent Of zOO1Ogy,A1igarll closely relatedspecies (11. cyperi,H. mothi, and University*One paratypefernale, a ‘yst H. gr.amiizis)in having a semi-transparentsub- and a second stagejuvenile On circularmass attached to the nliddle of theunder- slides to be deposited at Muséum nationald’His- bridge. Such a mass is present in these Laboratoire des Paris, species. It further diflers fromthese three species France. in a number of characters of the female, cvst and the second stage juveniles. The detailed compa- DIFFERENTIALDIAGNOSIS rison is given in Table1. Heterodera delvii n. sp. belongs to group 5 of Mulvey (1972) because it has lemon-shaped, ACRNOWLEDGEMENTS abullate and ambifenestratecysts. Within this group it iscloser to JI. cyperi Golden, Rau & The authors are thanltful to the Head, Department Cobb, 1962 ; H. mothi Khan & Husain, 1965 and of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University for providing laboratoryfacilities and 10 Dr.H. R. Reddyand FI. graminis Stynes, 1971, becauseits second Mr. Nanje Gowda of theUniversity of Agricultural stagejuveniles possess only three lines in the Sciences, Bangalore for their help.

Table 1 Comparative chart of characteristics of H. cyperi, H. mothi, H. graminis and H. delvii

Characiers HeteroderaHeterodera mothi Heterodera cypcriHeterodera Golden, Rau & Khan h Husain, graminisdelvii n. sp. 1962 1965 Stynes, 1971 Stynes, 1965Cobb, 1962

FEMALE: present present often present absent1. Egg sacpresent often present present but without eggs

Total Body length Body 2. Total 459-663 312-636 460-590 600-800 Body width 3. Body 228-345 110-350 195-545 250-460

~ ~ 4. Thiclmess of body cuticle 3-6 3-4 6-13 6-15 Spear length 22 length 5. Spear 17-21 19-24 22-28

6. Shapa slightly01 spear knobsposteriorly somewhat rounded rounded sloping antriorly sloping rounded directed 7. Dorsal oesophageal gland openingfrombase of spear 5-6 6-7 5-7 .3-4

8. Excretory pore from anterior end of body - 120 81-100 190-220 Vulva-anus distance9. Vulva-anus 56-70 - 40-50 130-140

Revue Nématol. 2 (1) : 3-9 (1979) 7 M. S. Jairajpuri, W. U. Khan, K. G. H. Setty & H. C. Govindu

Characters HeteroderaHeterodera mothi Heterodera cyperiHeterodera Golden, Rau R: Khan R: Husain, graminisdelvii n. sp. . Cobb, 1962 1965 Stynes, 1971

CYST: , 1. Lengt.h 381-927 470-790 , 459-742 520-618

2. 297-701Width 230-480 229-382 280-430

3. Fenestra : Length 27-35 33-4040-56 45-60 Width 20-28 30-38 25-45 36-45

4. Vulval40-48 slit. 38-46 30-35 36-45

5. Underbridge : , Length 40-60 55 70-100 96-112 Width 10-12 10 10-35 ' 30-39

EGG: .l.Size 95-100 X 38-42 100-123 x 40-4788-116 x 34-51103-138 x 36-48

Juvenile folds 2. Juvenile - - four foldsfolds 5-6

SECONDSTAGE JUVEKILE 1. Lengt.h 414-465 380-430 343-444 466-520

Spear length18-20 2. Spear19-24 16-17 19-21

3. Shapeanteriorly of spear anteriorly knobs . rounded anteriorly directed directed directed directed directed

4. Dorsal œsophageal gland opening 5-7 from baseof spear 5-6 5-7 3-4

5. Length of œsophagus 170 1O0 117-178 200-335

6. * Distance from ant.erior end of body to cent,re of median bulb/distance from centre of median bulb ta base of œso- phagus 0.62 1.2 0.72 0.5

7. * Tai1 length/length of hya- line portion of tail 2.3 1.7 1.8 1.6

8. Position of phasmids from - 13 35-49 15-20 tail tip slightly anterior posterior fourth anteriorfourth posterior anterior slightly tip tail half Posterior to middle of tail thirdof tail of tail of tail

- All-values-arein-pm-exceptthosem&ed-with~~

8 Revue Nématol. 2 (1) : 3-9 (1979) Heterodera delvii n. sp.

REFERENCES perus rotundus L. at Aligarh, U.P., India. Nemato- logica, 11 : 167-172. GOLDEN,A. M., RAU, G. J. & COBB, G. S. (1962). MULVEY, R. H.(1972). Identification of Heterodera Heterodera cyperi (Heteroderidae), a new species of cysts by terminal and cone top structures. “In. J. ’ cyst-formingnematode. Proc. helminth. Soc. Wash., ZOOZ.,50 : 1277-1292. 29 : 168-173. STYNES,B. A. (1971). Heteroderagrarninis n. sp., a KHAN,A. M. & HUSAIN,S. 1. (1965). Heterodera mothi cyst nematode from grass in hustralia.Nematologica, n. sp. ( : Heteroderidae) parasitising Cy- 17 : 213-218.

Accepte pour publication le 5 juin 1978.

Revue Nématol. 2 (1) : 3-9 (1979) 9