Observational network in the Russian Arctic

Arctic and Antarctic research institute A. Makshtas and all participants

Hydrometeorological Observatory Tiksi, Research station “Ice base Cape Baranova”, and Russian scientific Center at Spitsbergen International Hydrometeorological observatory Tiksi (open in 2010)

The Tiksi Hydrometeorological Observatory is designed for co-location of observations supporting networks such as BSRN, GAW, UV-NET, CRN, AeroNET, MPLNET and others by NOAA, AARI, FMI, and MGO

IASOA

The tower for measurements of turbulent Clean air facility Main building HMO Tiksi fluxes (the height 20 meters) Павильон чистого воздуха

Complex of climate reference network Complex of BSRN Scheme of data collection and transmission Aerosol investigations in Tiksi Cooperation of SINP MSU, AARI, NOAA, and N.R.S.C. Demokritos

Monthly averaged, BC climatology on Tiksi

500 450 400 350 2011 300 2012 250 2013 200 2014 150 100 50 BC, UVPM equivalent, ng/m3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 month Aethalometer AE-31 in CAF and results of aerosol measurements in 2011 – 2014 years

Sampling system in CAF, November 2014

Characteristics of aerosol in September – October 2014

Aerosol grouping, Grouping of polluted aerosols, 27 September 30 September K-rich Na-rich Soot S-rich, 32,5% 28,8% Organic 46,1% 17,8% 14,8% Fe-rich Al,Si-rich 14,4% Fe-rich, Zr-rich, Si-rich, 3,0% Ca-rich 1,3% 9,4% Ca-rich, 12,7% 6,4% 12,7%

Regional aerosol: In polluted days : - dominated sea salt group (Na-rich), - dominated group with soot - mineral and soil dust, - group S-rich particles - organic aerosol, no soot - group Zr - contaminated particles - negligible S content (Courtesy of O. Popovicheva, MSU) Dominated aerosol during BC - polluted episode Soot

Sulfates on carbonaceous aerosol Sodar and scincilometer, installed in HMO Tiksi in September 2014 (Trier University, Germany)

Profiles of wind velocity (a) and direction (b), and air temperature (c), measured by Sodar in October 2014

Value of data, transmitted to IASOA in 2011 - 2014

6000 5526 5352

5000 3514 4413 4091 3977 ) 3830 3669 3902 3851 3808 4000 3725 3724 3519 3555 3492 3653 3376 3510

МВ 3488 3160 ( 31563315 3060 3057 3113 3053 3000 2851 2772 2550 2397 2534 2273 2317

данных 2069 1824 2000 1660 1537 1287

Объем 975 1000 540 566 314 25 30 33 0 Май Март Июнь Июль Август Ноябрь Апрель Январь Декабрь Октябрь Февраль Сентябрь

2011 2012 2013 2014

Mean value of data, transmitted in 2014 - 5.5 gigabits per month

Radiosounding network of the Northern Yakutia and linear trends of air temperature at 0 standard гПа isobaric surfaces ( С/year) for 1950-2013 20 50 100 200 300 Tiksi 500 850 75 zem -0,18 -0,14 -0,10 -0,06 -0,02 0,02 0,06 0,10 0,14 ºС/год Усть-­‐ гПа 73 Оленёк 14 Г МО 20 С аскы лах Тикс и 50 16 28 100 71 Тюмяти 8 Ч окурдах 22 200 Джалинда 36 61 300 62 Кюсюр Юбилейное Андрю шкино 500 16 Olenek С ухана Джаржан 285 850 69 217 77 Депутатский 12 32 zem 38 Колы мс кая 236 Оленёк -0,18 -0,14 -0,10 -0,06 -0,02 0,02 0,06 0,10 0,14 ºС/год Ч ерс кий Ярольин 137 21 гПа 67 Верхоянск С реднеколы мс кая 20 50 100 65 200 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 300 500 гПа Chersky 850 20 zem 50 ºС/год -0,18 -0,14 -0,10 -0,06 -0,02 0,02 0,06 0,10 0,14 100

200 гПа 300 20 500 50 100 Verhojansk 850 200 zem Chokurdah 300 -0,18 -0,14 -0,10 -0,06 -0,02 0,02 0,06 0,10 0,14 ºС/год 500 Chokurdah 850 zem -0,18 -0,14 -0,10 -0,06 -0,02 0,02 0,06 0,10 0,14 ºС/год

Correlation of monthly means values of surface air temperature (left) and pressure (right) in January (upper) and July (bottom)

Center of correlation - Tiksi Scientific Stationary "Ice Base Cape Baranova"

The map of Archipelago Severnaya Zemlya and view of the Bolshevik Island from space

Ice base Cape Baranov Main goal of establishment Scientific Stationary "Ice Base Cape Baranova" is to identify the causes and consequences of climate change in the Arctic with special attention to the comprehensive studies of interrelated components of the Arctic climate system: - surface heat and radiation balance; - cloudiness and aerosol components of the atmosphere; - processes of gas - and mass transfer; - chemical composition of atmosphere and hydrosphere; - melting of permafrost; - study of drifting, fast and lake ice; - characteristics of hydrological regime of the Shokalski Strait and western Laptev Sea; - palegeography and glaciology studies. The route from Saint-Petersburg to “Ice Base Cape Baranova”

Airplane

Refueling at the Cape Cheliuskin

Helicopter Bolshevik Island Observatory "Ice Base Cape Baranova“ from height 500 m Standard meteorological observations with automatic station MAWS 110 Instruments for special meteorological observations

BSRN sensors Profiler Cloud camera

Air sampler Installations for spectral albedo, turbulent fluxes and reflected short and long-wave radiation Cloud camera “Red Cat” screen shot

Comparison of cloud camera data with data of visual observations Measurements of atmospheric boundary layer temperature with profiler MPT-5

-40 °С - +40 Range of air temperature °С measurements and accuracy ± 1.2 °С

Range of profile measurements heights 0-1000 м Resolution from 0 to 100 м 10 м Resolution from 100 to 200 м 25 м Resolution from 200 to 1000 м 50 м Periodicity of profile measurements 5 мин Standard upper-layer observations Characteris�cs of radiosounding system Parameter Range and accuracy Maximum distance of automa�c 0 – 200 tracking radiosound, km Maximum height of sounding, 40 km Air temperature, 0C -90 - +60, ±0.1 Relative humidity, % 0 - 100, ±1 Wind speed, m/s 0 - 100; ±0.5 Wind direction, deg. 0 – 360, 1.5 Atmospheric pressure, gPa 3 - 1080, ±1 Types of sounds RS92, RS90, RS80 Mean, minimal, and maximal heights of soundings Vertical distribution of atmospheric ozone in winter 2014 (MATCH)

January February

March April Temporal variability of carbon dioxide and ozone in atmospheric surface layer in the “Ice base cape Baranov” (left) and HMO Tiksi (right) Portable aethalometer – advanced instrument for measurements in Arctic

-­‐ light absorption by suspended aerosol particles - wavelenghts: 450, 550, 650 nm - mass concentration of black carbon - calibration on AE-33 on GAW station - thermostat case Sampling system at Cape Baranova

- PM10 “Comde Derenda sampling system” - sampling on quartz and teflon filters - PM speciation by analytic chemistry - 2-cascade impactor for individual particles Fast ice formation in the area of “Ice base cape Baranov” in 2013

31.08 18.09

19.10 4.10 Morphometric characteristics of fast ice in the station area First results of snow – ice microphysics studies

Measurements of ice thickness with EM31-Ice and Test radarogram dielectical properties with radar “ПИКОР-лед”

Temperature, salinity and texture of fast ice

Study of waves in fast ice Hydrological studies Oceanographic section in the Shokalski island Profile observations on the glacier Mushketov First paleogeographic studies of the lake Tverdoe

Sediment sample

Depth – 5 -7 m, ice thickness 170 – 180 cm. Infrastructure of Observatory "Ice Base Cape Baranova“

Facilities: - diesel power station 220 V, 250 kW; - turning and metalwork workshops; - welding and carpentry workshops; - garages with 2 tractors, 2 cross-country vehicles, 2 snowmobiles; - radio center; - medical center with operating chamber; - dining room for 30 people with kitchen, food warehouses, and refrigerators; - bath for 6 people with a seating area; - fuel capacity of 600 m3; - mobile tanks for water with total volume 80 m3 ; - year around helipad, equipped with helicopter landing system. Thank you for a�en�on