Soil Hydraulic Properties of the Shepparton Irrigation Region

Department of Sustainability and Environment Department of Primary Industries

Published by the Department of Primary Industries, Ferguson Road, Tatura, February 2005

© Copyright State of Victoria, 2005 This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968.

Authorised by the Victorian Government, 1 Treasury Place, East Melbourne

Printed by the Department of Primary Industries, Ferguson Road, Tatura

Disclaimer: This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.

Authors: Brijesh Mehta and QJ Wang

ISBN 1 74146 961 9

Acknowledgments: The funding for this work was provided by Victorian Government’s Water for Growth Initiative, through the Goulburn Broken Catchment Management Authority and the Department of Sustainability and Environment.

The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge Peter Clayton, Tony Cook, Ben Binger and Edward Thomas for their dedication to the collection and management of field and laboratory data, without which this report could not have been written.

The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge David Robertson, Mark Wood, Matthew Bethune, and other members of the Hydrology Group at DPI Tatura for their advice and assistance. We would like to thank Alfred Heuperman, Kerry Greenwood and Ken Olsson for their support during the early stages of the study. The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge Ken Sampson, David Lawler, and Clair Haines for their contribution to the organisation of the technical workshop. We would also like to thank participants of the workshop and farmers who allowed us to conduct field measurements on their farms.

We appreciate the assistance of Andy McAllister and Richard Maxwell for their support in GIS and Brendan Paterson for administrative support. We would like to thank Mike Morris, Des Whitfield, Alan Lavis and Trish Lothian for their review of this report.

For more information contact: Brijesh Mehta or QJ Wang Department of Primary Industries, Tatura Phone: 03-5833 5222

For more information about DPI visit the website at www.dpi.vic.gov.au or call the Customer Service Centre on 136 186.

Soil Hydraulic Properties of the Shepparton Irrigation Region

by

Brijesh Mehta and QJ Wang

February 2005

Department of Sustainability and Environment Department of Primary Industries

2 Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR

Contents

Foreword ...... 7 List of Abbreviations...... 8

1. Introduction 1.1 Background ...... 9 1.2 Information in the Document ...... 9 1.3 Organisation of the Data ...... 10

2. Soils in the Shepparton Irrigation Region 2.1 Soil Maps of Irrigation Areas...... 11 2.2 Soil Types and Soil Groups ...... 12 2.3 Soil Horizons...... 12 Figure 1 Soil surveys in the region...... 13 Figure 2 Irrigation areas in the region ...... 14

Table 1. Soil types 1.1 MV irrigation area ...... 15 1.2 SCG irrigation area...... 16 1.3 RC irrigation area...... 17

3. Measurement of Soil Hydraulic Properties 3.1 Soil Hydraulic Parameters ...... 19 3.1.1 Soil Water Holding Capacity ...... 19 3.1.2 Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ...... 21 3.1.3 Final Infiltration Rate ...... 22 3.1.4 Background Soil Parameters...... 22

3.2 Field Measurement ...... 23 3.2.1 Sampling Sites ...... 23 3.2.2 Sampling Points ...... 24 3.2.3 Soil Profile ...... 24 3.2.4 Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ...... 25 3.2.5 Final Infiltration Rate ...... 25 3.2.6 Soil Sampling ...... 26

3.3 Laboratory Measurement...... 26 3.3.1 Bulk Density...... 26 3.3.2 Soil Water Retention Characteristic ...... 26 3.3.3 Particle Size Distribution...... 27 3.3.4 Chemical Analysis...... 27

3.4 Data Analysis...... 27

Figure 3 Sampling sites ...... 28

4. Pedotransfer Functions of Soil Water Retention Characteristic 4.1 Pedotransfer Function ...... 29 4.2 Parameter Estimation ...... 30 4.2.1 Soil Property Data...... 30 4.2.2 Fitting Parameters ...... 30

Contents 3

4.3 Evaluation Criteria...... 31

5. Listing by Soil Property/Irrigation Area/Soil Group/Soil Type Table 2. Particle size distribution of Horizon A 2.1 MV irrigation area...... 33 2.2 SCG irrigation area ...... 34 2.3 RC irrigation area ...... 35 Table 3. Particle size distribution of Horizon B1 3.1 MV irrigation area...... 36 3.2 SCG irrigation area ...... 37 3.3 RC irrigation area ...... 38 Table 4. Depth, bulk density and organic matter content of Horizon A 4.1 MV irrigation area...... 39 4.2 SCG irrigation area ...... 40 4.3 RC irrigation area ...... 41 Table 5. Bulk density and organic matter content of Horizon B1 5.1 MV irrigation area...... 42 5.2 SCG irrigation area ...... 43 5.3 RC irrigation area ...... 44

Table 6. EC, pH (H2O), pH (CaCl2) of Horizon A 6.1 MV irrigation area...... 45 6.2 SCG irrigation area ...... 46 6.3 RC irrigation area ...... 47

Table 7. EC, pH (H2O), pH (CaCl2) of Horizon B1 7.1 MV irrigation area...... 48 7.2 SCG irrigation area ...... 49 7.3 RC irrigation area ...... 50 Table 8. Exchangeable cations of Horizon A 8.1 MV irrigation area...... 51 8.2 SCG irrigation area ...... 52 8.3 RC irrigation area ...... 53 Table 9. Exchangeable cations of Horizon B1 9.1 MV irrigation area...... 54 9.2 SCG irrigation area ...... 55 9.3 RC irrigation area ...... 56 Table 10. Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of Horizon A 10.1 MV irrigation area...... 57 10.2 SCG irrigation area ...... 58 10.3 RC irrigation area ...... 59 Table 11. Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of Horizon B1 11.1 MV irrigation area...... 60 11.2 SCG irrigation area ...... 61 11.3 RC irrigation area ...... 62 Table 12. Saturated hydraulic conductivity of Horizon A 12.1 MV irrigation area...... 63 12.2 SCG irrigation area ...... 64 12.3 RC irrigation area ...... 65

4 Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR

Table 13. Saturated hydraulic conductivity of Horizon B1 13.1 MV irrigation area ...... 66 13.2 SCG irrigation area...... 67 13.3 RC irrigation area...... 68 Table 14. Final infiltration rate of Horizon B1 14.1 MV irrigation area ...... 69 14.2 SCG irrigation area...... 70 14.3 RC irrigation area...... 71 Table 15. Water retention characteristic of Horizon A 15.1 MV irrigation area ...... 72 15.2 SCG irrigation area...... 73 15.3 RC irrigation area...... 74 Table 16. Water retention characteristic of Horizon B1 16.1 MV irrigation area ...... 75 16.2 SCG irrigation area...... 76 16.3 RC irrigation area...... 77 Table 17. Available water capacity of Horizon A 17.1 MV irrigation area ...... 78 17.2 SCG irrigation area...... 79 17.3 RC irrigation area...... 80 Table 18. Available water capacity of Horizon B1 18.1 MV irrigation area ...... 81 18.2 SCG irrigation area...... 82 18.3 RC irrigation area...... 83

6. Listing by Soil Property/ Soil Group Table 19. Particle size distribution 19.1 Horizon A ...... 85 19.2 Horizon B1...... 86 Table 20. Depth, bulk density and organic matter content 20.1 Horizon A ...... 87 20.2 Horizon B1...... 88

Table 21. EC, pH (H2O), pH (CaCl2) 21.1 Horizon A ...... 89 21.2 Horizon B1...... 90 Table 22. Exchangeable cations 22.1 Horizon A ...... 91 22.2 Horizon B1...... 92 Table 23. Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) 23.1 Horizon A ...... 93 23.2 Horizon B1...... 94 Table 24. Saturated hydraulic conductivity 24.1 Horizon A ...... 95 24.2 Horizon B1...... 96 24.3 Horizon B2...... 97 Table 25. Final infiltration rate of Horizon B1...... 98

Contents 5

Table 26. Water retention characteristic 26.1 Horizon A...... 99 26.2 Horizon B1 ...... 100 Table 27. Available water capacity 27.1 Horizon A...... 101 27.2 Horizon B1 ...... 102

7. Listing by Soil Type/ Soil Property Table 28. Physical, chemical and hydraulic properties 28.1 Alta clay loam...... 103 28.2 Boosey loam...... 104 28.3 Boosey loam friable phase...... 105 28.4 Carag clay ...... 106 28.5 Cobram loam ...... 107 28.6 Congupna clay ...... 108 28.7 Congupna clay loam...... 109 28.8 East Shepparton fine sandy loam...... 110 28.9 Goulburn clay loam ...... 111 28.10 Goulburn loam ...... 112 28.11 Goulburn loam friable phase ...... 113 28.12 Katamatite loam ...... 114 28.13 Koga clay loam...... 115 28.14 Koyuga clay loam...... 116 28.15 Lemnos loam...... 117 28.16 Lemnos loam friable phase...... 118 28.17 Lemnos loam semi-friable phase...... 119 28.18 Moira loam ...... 120 28.19 Moira loam friable phase...... 121 28.20 Muckatah clay loam...... 122 28.21 Nanneella fine sandy loam ...... 123 28.22 Naring loam ...... 124 28.23 Rochester clay ...... 125 28.24 Sandmount sand...... 126 28.25 Sandmount sand phase ...... 127 28.26 Shepparton fine sandy loam ...... 128 28.27 Similar range Ss to Csl...... 129 28.28 Timmering loam ...... 130 28.29 Ulupna clay...... 131 28.30 Waaia loam...... 132 28.31 Waaia loam phase...... 133 28.32 Wallenjoe clay ...... 134 28.33 Wana loam ...... 135 28.34 Wanalta loam...... 136

8. Listing by Irrigation Area/ Soil Group /Soil Property Table 29. Physical, chemical and hydraulic properties MV irrigation area 29.1 Group 1 Sandy soils ...... 137 29.2 Group 1 Duplex soils...... 138 29.3 Group 2...... 139

6 Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR

29.4 Group 3 ...... 140 29.5 Group 5 ...... 141 29.6 Group 6 ...... 142

SCG irrigation area 29.7 Group 1 Duplex soils ...... 143 29.8 Group 2 ...... 144 29.9 Group 3 ...... 145 29.10 Group 4 ...... 146 29.11 Group 5 ...... 147 29.12 Group 6 ...... 148

RC irrigation area 29.13 Group 1 Duplex soils ...... 149 29.14 Group 2 ...... 150 29.15 Group 3 ...... 151 29.16 Group 4 ...... 152 29.17 Group 5 ...... 153 29.18 Group 6 ...... 154

9. Listing by Soil Group/ Soil Property Table 30. Physical, chemical and hydraulic properties 30.1 Group 1 Sandy soils ...... 155 30.2 Group 1 Duplex soils ...... 156 30.3 Group 2 ...... 157 30.4 Group 3 ...... 158 30.5 Group 4 ...... 159 30.6 Group 5 ...... 160 30.7 Group 6 ...... 161

10. Listing of Pedotransfer Functions of Water Retention Characteristic Table 31. Water retention pedotransfer functions 31.1 Horizon A ...... 163 31.2 Horizon B1...... 164

11. Selected Maps of Soil Hydraulic Properties Figure 4 Saturated hydraulic conductivity of Horizon B1 4.1 MV irrigation area ...... 165 4.2 SCG irrigation area...... 166 4.3 RC irrigation area...... 167

Figure 5 Final infiltration rate of Horizon B1 5.1 MV irrigation area ...... 168 5.2 SCG irrigation area...... 169 5.3 RC irrigation area...... 170

12. Glossary ...... 171

13. References ...... 175

Foreword 7

Foreword

The Shepparton Irrigation Region is an important agricultural production area in Australia. The region continually seeks to improve water use and protect our natural resources and environment. To do this, it is critical to understand water interactions with soils, plants and the catchment. Information about soil hydraulic properties is essential to understand these interactions. Until recently, this information was not readily available.

This reference book contains a comprehensive set of soil hydraulic property data for the major soils of the Shepparton Irrigation Region. The data were collected through a two year study involving extensive field and laboratory measurements. This information fills a major gap in knowledge of the soils in our region. The data set complements and adds value to the existing soil maps of the region, which were produced mainly in the 1960s.

Many applications in irrigation and water management could use this data set. For example, it may be used to support farm irrigation system selection and design, irrigation scheduling, whole farm planning, land use planning, ground water and drainage water management. This publication will be a valuable reference for irrigators, land and water managers, scientists, engineers, designers, consultants and many others.

The existing soil maps have made a major contribution to the management of the region’s natural resources. I am confident that this publication will continue that legacy and serve the region well in many decades to come.

Ken Sampson Executive Officer Shepparton Irrigation Region Implementation Committee

8 Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR

List of Abbreviations

AWC Available water capacity

DPI Department of Primary Industries

EC Electrical conductivity

EM Electromagnetic induction

ESP Exchangeable sodium percentage

FC Field capacity

FIR Final infiltration rate

GPS Global Positioning System

Group 1S Group 1 Sandy soils

Group 1D Group 1 Duplex soils

Ksat Saturated hydraulic conductivity

Max Maximum

MD Mean deviation

Min Minimum

MV Murray Valley

OM Organic matter

PTF Pedotransfer function

PWP Permanent wilting point

RMSD Root mean square deviation

RMSR Root mean square of residuals

RC Rochester - Campaspe

RP Refill point

SCG Shepparton – Central Goulburn

SIR Shepparton Irrigation Region

Std Standard deviation

USDA United State Department of Agriculture

1. Introduction

Introduction 9

1.1 Background

The Shepparton Irrigation Region (SIR) includes about 300,000 ha of irrigated land and is an important agricultural production area in Victoria. The SIR has detailed soil maps that feature six major soil groups, comprising about 150 soil types. Prior to this study, there had been only a few measurements of soil hydraulic properties on some soil types for specific purposes. Although broad association had often been made between soil permeability and soil groups, overall there was a poor understanding of the hydraulic properties of the soils in the region.

Soil hydraulic properties, especially hydraulic conductivity and soil water holding capacity, are important to the design and operation of irrigated agriculture systems. Information on soil hydraulic properties is particularly useful for irrigation scheduling and management including when, how much, and at what rate water should be applied. In addition, soil hydraulic properties are often critical input parameters to irrigation and water management models, at scales ranging from plot to catchment.

A two year study (“Irrigation in a Variable Landscape: Matching Irrigation Systems and Enterprises to Soil Hydraulic Properties”) to collect information on soil hydraulic properties of major soils in the SIR has been completed (Mehta and Wang, 2004). Soil properties of Horizons A and B1 for 34 soil types were measured at 79 sites, representing 75% of the total area of the SIR.

The collected soil hydraulic property data are compiled and presented in this document. It describes soil properties based on soil types and soil groups. The data are presented in the form of look-up tables. Values of mean, median and variability measures are given. Group values of each soil group are also given, and can be used for those soil types that were not measured.

The availability of information on soil hydraulic properties adds significant value to the existing soil maps and will assist in land use planning, irrigation design, water management and irrigation related policy initiatives.

1.2 Information in the Document

The following soil physical, chemical and hydraulic property parameters of Horizons A and B1 are included. For Horizon B2, only saturated hydraulic conductivity parameter is included.

Physical property parameters - particle size distribution - bulk density (BD) - depth of horizons - organic matter content (OM) Chemical property parameters - electrical conductivity (EC)

- pH (H2O)

- pH (CaCl2)

10 Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR

- exchangeable cations such as Ca, Mg, Na and K - exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) Soil hydraulic property parameters - saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) of Horizons A, B1 and B2 - final infiltration rate (FIR) at Horizon B1 - water retention characteristic

1.3 Organisation of the Data

Soil physical, chemical and hydraulic properties data are presented in a number of formats to assist the users of this document to quickly locate the required information. The data are organised into tables in various hierarchies by soil property, by soil type, by soil group, and by irrigation area. For example, “Listing by Soil Property/Irrigation Area/Soil Group/Soil Type” means that the data are listed by soil property first, then by irrigation area, then by soil group, then by soil type, in a number of separate tables and in a number of entries within each table.

2. Soils in the Shepparton Irrigation Region

Soils in the Shepparton Irrigation Region 11

2.1 Soil Maps of Irrigation Areas

The Shepparton Irrigation Region (SIR) has detailed published soil maps, produced from a series of soil surveys during the period from 1942 to 1975. The surveys were • Soil Survey of Part of County Moira (Butler et al, 1942), • Soil Survey of Part of Shepparton Irrigation District (Skene and Freedman, 1944), • The Soils of the Western Part of the Murray Valley Irrigation Area and their Classification for Irrigation (Johnston, 1952), • Soils and Land Use in Part of the Goulburn Valley (Skene and Poutsma, 1962), • Soils and Land Use in the Deakin Irrigation Area (Skene, 1963), • Soils and Land Use in the Rochester and Echuca Districts (Skene and Harford, 1964), • A Re-Survey of Lemnos Loam and Goulburn Loam near Kyabram (Mikhail and Walbran, 1972), and • Report of the Shepparton Extension and Katandra Soil Survey (Mikhail, 1975).

Figure 1 illustrates the areas of coverage of these soil surveys.

The agricultural industries in the region have used the published maps extensively, in particular for crop suitability guidance. The maps have also been used for irrigation and catchment management planning.

The SIR is serviced by Goulburn-Murray Water Authority, which has divided the SIR into the following five service areas: (i) Murray Valley Irrigation Area, (ii) Shepparton Irrigation Area, (iii) Central Goulburn Irrigation Area, (iv) Rochester Irrigation Area, and (v) Campaspe Irrigation Area.

These service areas have been adopted for use in presenting soil hydraulic property data in this document. However, Shepparton Irrigation Area and Central Goulburn Irrigation Area are combined as they were mostly covered by one of the original soil surveys - Soils and Land Use in Part of the Goulburn Valley (Skene and Poutsma, 1962). Rochester Irrigation Area and Campaspe Irrigation Area are also combined as they were mostly covered by another original soil survey - Soils and Land Use in the Rochester and Echuca Districts (Skene and Harford, 1964).

In summary, this document uses three irrigation areas to organise data:

(i) Murray Valley (MV) – includes Murray Valley Irrigation Area.

(ii) Shepparton – Central Goulburn (SCG) - includes Shepparton and Central Goulburn Irrigation Areas.

(iii) Rochester - Campaspe (RC) - includes Rochester and Campaspe Irrigation Areas.

12 Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR

These three irrigation areas are shown in Figure 2. As the boundaries of the soil surveys and the three irrigation areas are not identical, some of the soil types appear in two adjacent irrigation areas. For each of these soil types, soil hydraulic properties were measured in the irrigation area with greater presence of the particular soil type. It also needs to be noted that some parts of the SIR were not covered by any of the original soil surveys.

2.2 Soil Types and Soil Groups

In the published soil maps, soils of the SIR have been categorised into about 150 types mainly based on soil profile features such as colour, texture, depth and topographical position in the landscape. Soils with similar land use capabilities are grouped in 6 soil groups. Soil groups were designed primarily for giving an indication of crop suitability of soils. For example, Group 1 was considered suitable for horticulture crops, and Groups 2 and 3 for pasture and shallow-rooting crops. Topographically, Group 1 soils are located at the highest parts of the landscape, and Group 6 soils at the lowest parts of the landscape. Prior to this study, it was recognized that soil permeability was expected to decrease from Group 1 to Group 6 (Skene and Poutsma, 1962). In the published soil maps of the MV region, soil types were not classified into soil group. Soil grouping for the MV area was done later and no soil type was defined under Group 4. The soil types, their associated areas and soil groups in each of the three irrigation areas are presented in Tables 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3.

Some part of the SCG irrigation area near Kyabram, which is covered mainly by Lemnos loam and Goulburn loam, was re-surveyed during the 1970s (Mikhail and Walbran, 1972). The soil types in the re-surveyed area were divided into Lemnos loam friable phase, Lemnos semi friable phase, Lemnos loam, Goulburn loam and Goulburn loam friable phase soil type. These soil types were not identified in other parts of the SCG irrigation area.

The published soil maps for SIR have extensive spatial coverage at high resolution. They have been, and will continue to be, used extensively by agricultural producers and agencies in the region. For these reasons, the soil groups and types in the published soil maps were used as a reference for the design of data collection and the analysis of results in this study.

Soil hydraulic properties of Group 1 were found to be highly variable as this group comprises highly dissimilar soil types. For this reason, Group 1 is divided into two sub-groups: Group 1 Sandy soils (Group 1S) and Group 1 Duplex soils (Group 1D).

2.3 Soil Horizons

Most of the soil types of the region are layered and commonly known as duplex soils. They are characterised by a shallow Horizon A of 100-200 mm and presence of a restricting layer at or below the interface with Horizon B1. Soil hydraulic properties of both Horizons A and B1 were measured. For Horizon B2, only saturated hydraulic conductivity was measured.

Soils in the Shepparton Irrigation Region 13

Figure 1 Soil Surveys in the Region

14 Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR

Figure 2 Irrigation Areas in the Region

Soils in the Shepparton Irrigation Region 15

Table 1.1 Soil types - MV irrigation area

Soil Type Soil Soil Area Covered Measured Symbol Group (ha) Soil Barwo silty loam Basl 3 136 Barwo silty loam phase Baslp 3 497 Boosey clay loam Bcl 5 1,966 Boosey loam Bl 6 9,680 √ Boosey loam friable phase Blfp 6 414 √ Boosey loam light phase Blpl 6 511 Cobram loam Cl 2 9,012 √ Cobram loam light phase Clp 2 648 Cobram sandy loam Csl 2 2,958 Congupna clay* Cc 6 247 Congupna clay loam* Ccl 5 443 East Shepparton fine sandy* Efsl 1D 384 Goulburn clay loam* Gcl 4 261 Goulburn loam* Gl 4 815 Grey sandy soil C 1S 283 Grey/sandy loam over clay E 2 487 Kaarimba silty loam Kbsl 2 124 Kaarimba silty loam phase Kbslp 2 108 Katamatite loam* Kl 2 235 Katunga gravelly loam Kagl 4 1,488 Katunga sandy loam Kasl 4 395 Lemnos loam* Ll 3 316 Moira loam Mol 3 20,717 √ Moira loam friable phase Mlfp 2 3,112 √ Moira loam friable phase Mlfp 2 231 Moira loam heavy phase Mlph 3 491 Moira loam light phase Mlpl 3 4,761 Muckatah clay loam Mcl 6 6,727 √ Mywee clay Myc 5 1,874 Naring loam Nl 3 11,993 √ Naring loam friable phase Nlp 3 343 Naring loam friable phase Nlfp 3 100 Naring loam heavy phase Nlph 3 300 Naring loam light phase Nlpl 3 677 Narioka silty clay loam Nkscl 6 387 Nathalia fine sand Ntfs 1S 63 Picola loam Pil 5 770 Resembles Csl to Ss range D 1D 95 Other soils with small area O 0 182 Sandmount sand Ss 1S 1,843 √ Sandmount sand phase Ssp 1S 276 √ Sandmount sand shallow phas Ssp 1S 677 Shepparton fine sandy loam* Sfsl 2 471 Similar range Ss to Csl B 1D 1,050 √ Similar to Cl no lime A 1D 585 Type 1 T1 5 553 Type 2 T2 6 664 Type 3 T3 3 54 Type A TA 1 684 Type B TB 1 635 Type C TC 1 490 Type D TD 1 87 Ulupna clay Uc 5 4,412 √ Unclassified U 0 1,481 Waaia loam Wl 2 6,098 √ Waaia loam phase Wlp 2 5,320 √ Waaia sandy loam Wsl 2 408 Yarroweyah loam Yl 3 1,603 Total 111,622 Note: * these soils have greater presence in SCG irrigation area, and therefore these were measured in SCG irrigation area.

16 Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR

Table 1.2 Soil types - SCG irrigation area

Soil Type Soil Soil Area Covered Measured Symbol Group (ha) Soil Alta clay loam* Acl 5 2,312 Arkoo loam Akl 4 438 Broken sand Bs 1S 116 Carag clay Crc 6 1,993 Complex I I 6 176 Complex II II 5 584 Complex III III 6 1,826 Complex IV IV 6 376 Congupna clay Cc 6 4,644 √ Congupna clay loam Ccl 5 12,234 √ Congupna clay loam light surface Ccl l.s. 5 198 Congupna loam Cl 5 150 Coomboona clay Coc 5 164 Coomboona loam Col 4 886 Dunbulb loam Dl 4 1,806 Dunbulb loam light surface Dl l.s. 4 120 East Shep sandy loam deep phase Eslp 1D 192 East Shepparton fine sandy loam Efsl 1D 4,589 √ East Shepparton sandy loam Esl 1 156 Erwen loam normal phase Erl 3 1,820 Goulburn clay loam Gcl 4 18,029 √ Goulburn loam Gl 4 29,873 √ Goulburn loam friable phase Glfp 3 √ Grahamvale sandy loam Grsl 1D 180 Gupna fine sandy loam Gufsl 5 2,047 Gupna loam Gul 5 1,700 Kanyapella clay Kpc 5 1,794 Kanyapella clay loam Kpcl 5 1,344 Karook fine sandy loam Kfsl 3 307 Karook loam Krl 3 257 Katamatite loam Kl 2 544 √ Katamatite loam - brown phase Klb 2 3,010 Katamatite loam - yellow phase Kly 2 1,006 Koga clay loam Kgcl 4 2,824 Koyuga clay loam Kocl 4 1,433 Lemnos loam Ll 3 68,250 √ Lemnos loam friable phase Llfp 3 √ Lemnos sandy loam Lsl 3 239 Lemnos loam semi-friable phase Llsfp 3 √ Lunette soils - unclassified Lns 4 396 Moora clay Mc 5 136 Moora clay loam Mcl 5 454 Orrvale sandy loam Osl 4 188 Orrvale sandy loam deep phase Oslp 4 101 Orvale loam Ol 4 740 Other soils with small area O 622 Prior streams 2 6 694 River frontage R.F. 6 990 Rooka loam Rl 5 605 Sandmount sand Ss 1S 947 Shepparton fine sandy loam Sfsl 2 36,315 √ Shepparton loam Sl 2 353 Shepparton sandy loam Ssl 2 888 Shepparton sandy loam deep phase Sslp 2 172 Timmering fine sandy loam Tifsl 2 1,217 Type 1 1 4 505 Type 1h 1h 4 198 Type 2 2 6 6,909 Type A A 4 322 Type B B 4 77 Type E E 4 501 Type H H 5 97 Type J J 2 743 Type M M 0 102 Type N N 4 123 Type S S 4 265 Unclassified U 0 8,661 Wallenjoe clay* Wjc 6 3,532 Wana loam* Wnl 4 3,187 Wanalta loam* Wl 4 5,057 Wenora loam Wnl 4 178 Yambuna clay Ybc 5 2,038 Youanmite loam Yl 2 406 Youanmite loam Yld 2 387 Yuga clay* Yc 5 2,270 Zeerust fine sandy loam Zfsl 4 2,355 Total 250,348 Note: * these soils have greater presence in RC irrigation area, and therefore these were measured in RC irrigation area

Soils in the Shepparton Irrigation Region 17

Table 1.3 Soil types - RC irrigation area

Soil Type Soil Soil Area Covered Measured Symbol Group (ha) Soil Alta clay loam Acl 5 1,670 √ Arkoo loam Akl 4 499 Binabbin clay Bic 4 613 Campaspe suite type 1 C1 5 803 Campaspe suite type 2 C2 5 283 Campaspe suite Type 3 C3 5 575 Carag clay Crc 6 4,805 √ Colbinabbin clay Cc 4 320 Colbinnabbin clay loam Ccl 4 530 Cornella clay Cac 5 1,874 Corop clay Cpc 6 1,412 Erwen loam Erl 3 1,081 Kanyapella clay Kpc 5 61 Kanyapella clay loam Kpcl 5 39 Karook loam Kl 3 297 Koga clay loam Kocl 4 15,054 √ Koyuga clay loam Kycl 4 7,574 √ Lockington sand Ls 1S 43 Lunette soils - Unclassified Lns 4 1,475 Moora clay Mc 5 770 Moora clay loam Mcl 5 1,042 Nanneela fine sandy loam Nfsl 1 4,582 √ Nanneela loamy fine sand Nlfs 1D 419 Other soils with small area O 32 Prior stream bed 1 4 231 Prior stream bed 1h 4 902 Prior streams 2 6 1,428 Restdown clay Rdc 5 3,697 Rochester clay Rc 5 5,576 √ Rooka loam Rl 5 448 Timmering loam Tl 2 9,960 √ Type A A 4 95 Type C C 4 281 Type D D 5 255 Type E E 4 96 Type F F 4 79 Type G G 5 91 Unclassified U 5,658 Variable soils in drainage Dv 6 1,534 Wallenjoe clay Wjc 6 4,613 √ Wana clay loam Wacl 4 1,616 Wana loam Wnl 4 4,375 √ Wanalta loam Wl 3 15,041 √ Wanurp sandy loam Wpsl 3 328 Wenora loam Wel 4 250 Yuga clay Yc 5 5,041 √ Total 107,448

3. Measurement of Soil Hydraulic Properties

Measurement of Soil Hydraulic Properties 19

3.1 Soil Hydraulic Parameters

The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the surface soil and sub-soil (Horizon B1), final infiltration rate, and soil water holding capacity were recognised as the most critical hydraulic parameters based on their applications in various water management activities and were selected for measurement. In addition, a number of soil physical and chemical parameters such as particle size distribution, bulk density and exchange cations of Horizons A and B1 were taken for measurement as background information. The measured soil properties are described in the following sections.

3.1.1 Soil Water holding Capacity

Soil water holding capacity is a measure of the ability of a soil to store water for plant water use. Pasture and other shallow rooted crops uptake water from both Horizons A and B1, therefore water holding capacity of both Horizons A and B1 was selected for measurement. Knowledge of the amount of water retained at various soil water suctions such as saturation (S), field capacity (FC), refill point (RP), and permanent wilting point (PWP) is required for many purposes and is frequently used in agronomic, engineering and environmental applications.

The water content at the following soil water suctions was selected for measurement of soil water holding capacity: • 0 kPa (saturation) • 10 kPa (field capacity) • 60 kPa (refill point) • 1500 kPa (permanent wilting point)

In addition to the above, water content at 1, 5, 8, 80, and 200 kPa was also measured on a few soil types.

The following diagram shows a typical soil water retention characteristic curve.

S S = Saturation FC = Field capacity

RP = Refill Point PWP = Permanent wilting point FC AWC = Available water capacity AWC0 = Extended available water capacity

AWC0 Water Content Water AWC RP

PWP

0 10 60 1500

Soil Water Suction ( kPa )

Typical Soil Water Retention Characteristic Curve

20 Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR

(1) Field capacity

Field capacity is the amount of water held in the soil after excess gravitational water has drained away and after the rate of downward movement has materially decreased. The redistribution of draining water in a soil profile is a continuous process that may be influenced by many factors including antecedent moisture conditions, depth of wetting, soil texture, type of clay present, organic matter and the rate of evapotranspiration. The field capacity concept is most acceptable for well drained soils where static or equilibrium state is more easily defined. The soil water suction values generally used for field capacity approximation range from 5 kPa for coarse texture soils to 10 kPa for samples that retain their original structure (McIntyre, 1974; Marshall, 1982). For this document, water content at a soil water suction of 10 kPa was used as field capacity.

(2) Permanent wilting point

Permanent wilting point is defined as the water content at which the leaves of a growing plant reach a stage of wilting from which they do not recover. Different plants have different values of soil water suction at wilting point. Since the change in water content is small between 800 kPa and 3000 kPa for most soils, a suction of 1500 kPa based on wilting studies with dwarf sunflower is generally taken to be an approximation of permanent wilting point (Reeve and Carter, 1991).

(3) Refill point

Not all water in the soil is readily available to the plant. Readily available water (RAW) is the volume of water that the plant can readily remove from soil. When all the readily available water has been used, the plants cannot easily further extract water. This stage is referred to as the refill point (RP), and this is generally considered the time to irrigate. Water content at a suction of between 50 and 70 kPa is generally used as the refill point for crops in the SIR. Water content at a suction of 60 kPa was taken as the refill point.

(4) Available water capacity

Two soil water capacity measures were used in this document. The first one is the conventional “available water capacity (AWC)” defined as the amount of water that can theoretically be extracted by plants from a soil initially at field capacity (McIntyre, 1974). It was calculated as

AWC =θ(FC) - θ (PWP) (1) where θ (FC) and θ (PWP) are water contents at the field capacity and permanent wilting point respectively.

The second soil water capacity measure is an extension of the conventional available water capacity. It was calculated as

AWC0= θ (S)- θ (PWP) (2) where θ (S) is water content at saturation.

Measurement of Soil Hydraulic Properties 21

The rationale behind this second measure, AWC0, is that many soils in the SIR are duplex with low soil permeability at Horizon B1, and thus available water above the field capacity can often be utilised by plants. AWC0 indicates the upper limit of available water capacity. The results of AWC0 are not presented in this document, however it can be calculated from given soil water retention characteristic data using Equation (2).

(5) Available water (AW)

For a given soil depth, the available water (AW) can be calculated by multiplying AWC by the soil depth (d).

AW = AWC x d (3)

Depth of Horizon A and B1 was measured to determine available water.

3.1.2 Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity

Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) is used to define the rate that water moves through the soil pore system under a unit hydraulic gradient when it is saturated. Soils of this region are duplex with a Horizon B (sub-soil) underlying a Horizon A (surface soil). The layer in a soil profile that has the lowest hydraulic conductivity is defined as the restricting layer. In the SIR, the restricting layer is typically located at or below the interface with Horizon B, which can be divided into Horizon B1 and B2 for most soils of the region. The relative magnitude of Ksat of surface soil and restricting layer is important. A permeable surface soil overlaying restricting sub-soil is particularly prone to waterlogging.

Saturated hydraulic conductivity of the surface soil is important for agronomic and water management purposes including design of irrigation systems. Saturated hydraulic conductivity of the surface and restricting layers is also important for environmental and engineering purposes such as recharge estimation and drainage design.

The Ankeny et al. (1991) method was adopted for determining in situ hydraulic conductivity near saturation from steady state infiltration rates measured using a disc permeameter. The advantage of this method is that it does not require knowledge of the initial water content of the soil. In this method, hydraulic conductivity was determined from measured steady state infiltration rate based on the solution derived by Wooding (1968). Steady state infiltration rates Q1 and Q2 measured at soil water potential ψ1 and ψ2 were used to determine hydraulic conductivity K(ψ1) and K(ψ2) from the following two equations.

Q K (ψ ) = 1 1 2 + ()+ − πr 2∆ψr 1 Q 2 /Q1 /(1 Q 2 /Q1) (4)

= Q 2 K(ψ1) (5) K(ψ2 ) Q1 where r is radius of the base of disc permeameter and ∆ ψ = ψ1 – ψ2 .

22 Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR

3.1.3 Final Infiltration Rate

Infiltration rates were measured from an infiltration ring for up to 24 hours. The infiltration rate decreases with time to a constant steady rate while the cumulative infiltration (the time integral of the infiltration rate) increases with time but with a decreasing slope. The cumulative infiltration rates Z(t) with time (t) were plotted in the diagram below. The cumulative infiltration Z(t) can be expressed by the modified Kostiakov equation (Austin and Prendergast, 1997):

a Z(t) = kt + fot (6) where k and a are constant parameters, and fo is final infiltration rate.

The initial term kta of Equation (6) describes a decreasing infiltration rate in the initial part of the Z(t) curve, and the slope of remaining part of the curve fo is the final infiltration rate (see following diagram).

f t

decreasing o infiltration rate

kta steady-state infiltration Cumulative Infiltration Z(t)

Time t

Typical Cumulative Infiltration Curve

3.1.4 Background Soil Parameters

The direct measurement of hydraulic properties is expensive and time consuming, and indirect methods are increasingly used to predict hydraulic properties from easily measurable soil parameters such as particle size distribution and bulk density. The empirical equations that are used to describe the relationship between soil hydraulic property and easily measurable soil properties are known as pedotransfer functions (PTFs). The use of pedotransfer functions is the most commonly used indirect method (Wosten et al., 2001). Particle size distribution, bulk density, and a number of soil chemical properties were selected for measurement.

(1) Particle size distribution

Particle size distribution represents relative percentages of various particle sizes in a soil (e.g. clay, silt, sand, gravel). It has a significant impact on many hydraulic properties and can be used on a first ‘best bet’ basis for assessment of infiltration characteristics.

Measurement of Soil Hydraulic Properties 23

(2) Bulk density

Bulk density is used in determining the degree of compaction, soil aeration status and in converting soil moisture from a gravimetric to a volumetric basis. It was measured for both Horizons A and B1.

(3) Soil chemical properties

Soil electrical conductivity (EC) indicates the amount of salts dissolved in the soil water. This gives a quick indication of the level of soil salinity. Soil pH measures the intensity of acidity or alkalinity. Soil pH is a useful indicator of soil health and other soil properties (e.g. pH> 8.5 usually indicates high exchangeable sodium level and presence of carbonates). High levels of exchangeable sodium cause increased dispersion and swelling, reducing water movement and affecting aeration, whereas high exchangeable calcium flocculates colloids and reduces swelling tendencies (Loveday, 1974). The soil cations play a large part in supplying plant nutrients and in forming and maintaining good soil structure.

There are two techniques of measuring soil pH. One measures the pH (H2O) of soil in a pure water solution and the other measures pH (CaCl2) of the soil in a calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution. Soil pH (H2O) better reflects the soil conditions at the time of measurement, while pH

(CaCl2) is a more useful measure of long term soil pH because it shows less seasonal variability than pH (H2O).

Selected chemical properties for measurement in both Horizons A and B1 were: (i) EC in 1:5 soil to water suspension

(ii) pH (H2O) in 1:5 soil to water suspension and pH (CaCl2) in 1:5 soil to solution of 0.01 M

CaCl2 (iii) Organic matter (iv) Exchangeable cations such as Ca, Mg, Na and K (v) Exchangeable sodium percentage

3.2 Field Measurement

3.2.1 Sampling Sites

Sampling sites for measurement of hydraulic properties on selected soil types were determined using existing soil maps and aerial photos. The sampling sites were selected in such a way that major or typical soil types of the three irrigation areas were included for measurement and the sites were located in the middle of large block of the soil type to be measured. Figure 3 shows the location of sampling sites where field measurements of hydraulic properties were conducted. The following table presents the number of sampling sites for each soil group in the three irrigation areas.

24 Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR

Distribution of Sampling Sites

Irrigation Area Number of Sampling Sites Total Sampling Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Sites Murray Valley 2 8 4 - 1 5 20 Shepparton-Central 4 7 14 6 2 1 34 Goulburn Rochester-Campaspe 5 4 6 5 3 2 25 Total 11 19 24 11 6 8 79

3.2.2 Sampling Points

To capture variability in the measurements, two to eight sampling points were selected for measurement at each sampling site. Global Positioning System (GPS) readings were taken to identify sampling points. Sampling points were selected based on the topography and paddock layout.

For intensive measurement at 29 sites, an electromagnetic induction (EM) survey was conducted to identify sampling points at the selected paddock. The EM survey measures soil EC which is a function of soil salinity, clay content and water content. In areas of low soil salinity, EM measurements could provide an estimate of within-field variation of clay content and water content (Williams and Hoey, 1997). Soil hydraulic properties are generally correlated with clay content. Therefore, an EM survey may provide an indication of clay content variability within a paddock and help in identifying points of low, medium and high clay content in a paddock. Hydraulic properties were measured on selected points based on EM reading to capture variability of soil hydraulic properties in a paddock.

The EM38 instrument manufactured by Geonics Limited was selected for EM survey as it is most suited for EM measurement of shallow soil depths. An EM survey using an EM38 instrument was conducted on a regular grid of a minimum 10 m x 10 m to a maximum of 20 m x 20 m depending upon the size of the paddock. The EM38 was operated manually in both horizontal and vertical dipole modes. EM38 response to soil EC varies as a nonlinear function of depth. Sensitivity in the vertical dipole mode is highest at about 0.4 m from the instrument while sensitivity in the horizontal dipole mode is highest near the soil surface. The coordinates of the grid were recorded by a GPS instrument manufactured by Thales. The EM data were analysed to determine minimum, maximum, 25, 50 and 75 percentile values in both horizontal (EMh) and vertical (EMv) modes. These calculated values were used to select 4 to 8 field sampling points in a paddock.

3.2.3 Soil Profile

Soil profile was observed from a soil core taken by a 25 mm diameter core tube to a depth of 600 mm. The Horizons A, B1, B2 were identified by the change in soil colour, soil texture and depths described in the literature (Skene and Poutsma, 1962; Skene, 1963; Skene and Harford, 1964; Johnston, 1952). Depths of Horizons A and B1 were measured at sampling points in a paddock. Soil profiles were generally consistent with those described in the literature.

Measurement of Soil Hydraulic Properties 25

3.2.4 Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity

Field measurement of saturated hydraulic conductivity was conducted at 79 sites typically 4 to 5 days after irrigation. At each sampling point, field measurements were conducted at the top of Horizon A (soil surface) and the top of Horizon B1 and on some sites field measurements were also conducted at the top of Horizon B2, in a 50 cm x 75 cm soil pit as shown in the following diagram. The greatest depth of measurement did not exceed 0.5 m from soil surface.

Disc Permeameter

Horizon A

Horizon B1

Horizon B2

Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity at Three Depths

Disc permeameters of 200 mm base diameter were used for the measurement of hydraulic conductivity. The site was levelled and cleaned of grass and debris. Care was taken to avoid smearing of the soil. A ring (200 mm in diameter and 5 mm thickness) was placed on the levelled surface, and the area within the ring was filled with fine sifted sand to prepare a 5 mm thick leveled sand bed. The sand layer was to ensure good contact between the base of the disc permeameter and the soil below. A permeameter filled with water was placed on the sand bed and small soil water potential of -30 mm was applied. After four consecutive readings of steady infiltrate rate, water potential was changed to -20 mm. Similar processes were followed for -10 and 0 mm. Standard channel water of 0.1 dS/m EC was used for all the sites.

Hydraulic conductivity measurements were taken at small negative soil water potentials (0 to - 30 mm soil water potential) to avoid crack flow through preferential pathways. This makes it possible to compare matrix flow of different soil types. Hydraulic conductivity near saturation changes very rapidly with small variations in soil water potential, and 5 mm depth of contact material (sand bed) can have a large influence on the soil hydraulic conductivity. The soil water potential at the soil surface was approximately represented by adding the depth of sand bed into the applied soil water potential at the disc permeameter membrane (Reynolds et al., 1996).

3.2.5 Final Infiltration Rate

A ring infiltrometer of 350 mm diameter was used to measure final infiltration rate. A soil pit to the top of Horizon B1 was dug adjacent to the location of hydraulic conductivity measurement. The infiltration ring was inserted to a depth of 150 mm with care being taken to minimise disturbance of the soil surface and the soil structure. Standard channel water of

26 Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR

0.1 dS/m EC was used for all the sites. The water was poured slowly on side wall of the ring to minimise disturbance of soil. The ring was filled with water to a depth of about 100 mm and the water level in the ring was measured manually for 4 hours using a vertical ruler. The length of time required to achieve steady infiltration rate ranged from 1 to 4 hours depending upon soil type, texture, and antecedent soil water conditions.

3.2.6 Soil Sampling

Two undisturbed cores of 73 mm diameter and 64 mm height and one undisturbed core of 73 mm diameter and 31 mm height were taken from the middle of both Horizons A and B1 at all sampling locations on 79 sites. These samples were used for determination of bulk density, water holding capacity, and particle size distribution in the laboratory.

In addition, one bulk sample of 500 g was taken from one point from both Horizons A and B1 at all sampling sites. These samples were used for chemical analysis in the laboratory for determination of exchangeable cations, organic matter, EC, pH (H2O) and pH(CaCl2) of soil.

3.3 Laboratory Measurement

3.3.1 Bulk Density

Undisturbed core samples of 73 mm diameter and 64 mm height were weighed and oven dried for 48 hours at 105°C temperature. Dry bulk density is the mass of unit volume of oven- dry soil.

3.3.2 Soil Water Retention Characteristic

Undisturbed core samples (73 mm diameter x 64 mm height; and 73 mm diameter x 31 mm height) were taken from both Horizons A and B1 at each sampling location for measurement of soil water retention characteristic in the laboratory. The soil water contents at 0, 10, 60 and 1500 kPa soil matric suction were measured to determine the soil water capacities of all soil samples.

Soil water that is in equilibrium with free water is by definition at zero soil matric suction or at saturation. Soil cores were placed on a sand bath for six weeks to slowly reach saturation by capillary flow from the bottom of cores. Soil cores were weighed when they achieved saturation.

Ceramic suction plates were used to measure water content at soil matric suction in the range of 10 to 80 kPa. A bubble tower apparatus was used for adjusting water suction. Attainment of equilibrium with applied suction was judged by regularly measuring the outflow of water until outflow ceased or became minimal. Soil cores were weighed after attaining equilibrium with applied soil matric suction of 10 kPa, placed back on the ceramic plate and allowed to equilibrate with next desired soil suction.

A pressure plate extractor was used for a soil matric suction range of 200 to 1500 kPa. The pressure extractor accommodated several soil samples which were in contact with a porous ceramic plate. Once the extractor was sealed, an air pressure was applied to the air space above the samples, and water moved downward from the samples through the plate for

Measurement of Soil Hydraulic Properties 27 collection in a measuring bottle. Attainment of equilibrium was judged when outflow of water ceased or became minimal, which generally took six weeks. The cores were then removed, and water content was determined gravimetrically.

3.3.3 Particle Size Distribution

Particle size analysis was carried out using a hydrometer method (Gee & Bauder, 1986), which allows for non-destructive sampling of suspensions undergoing settling. By taking multiple measurements of suspension density, detailed particle size distributions can be obtained. An ASTM 152H hydrometer with Bouyoucos scale in g/L was used for particle size analysis. The hydrometer readings (R) were taken at 0.5, 1, 3, 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 1440 minutes. A hydrometer reading (RL) in a blank solution was used to correct hydrometer readings (C=R-

RL).

The USDA texture classification system was adopted for particle size analysis as this method was used in the previous published soil surveys. Sand, silt and clay percentage were determined using particle size limits of the USDA soil textural classification (Minasny et al., 2001), which are presented in the following table.

USDA Soil Texture Classification System

Particle Size Limits Clay < 2 µm Silt 2 - 50 µm Sand 50-2000 µm

3.3.4 Chemical Analysis

Bulk soil samples were air dried for several days, then crushed and sifted through a 2 mm sieve. The sifted soil samples were sent to DPI Werribee Centre for chemical analysis. The soil samples were analysed for exchangeable cations Ca, Mg, Na, K, organic matter, soil EC, soil pH(H2O) and soil pH(CaCl2). Soil EC and pH were determined first in a 1:5 soil water suspension, and based on these results the appropriate method for determination of exchangeable cations was selected.

3.4 Data Analysis

Statistical parameters such as mean, standard deviation (Std), and 25, 50 and 75 percentile values of measured data were calculated for each soil group. These parameters were also determined for those soil types which had four or more measured data. Statistical software GenStat version 6 was used for the statistical analysis of measured data sets. Linear interpolation was used to determine percentile values of a soil parameter (X) having a few measured data, after sorting the Xs from smallest to largest.

28 Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR

Figure 3 Sampling Sites

4. Pedotransfer Functions of Soil Water Retention Characteristic

Pedotransfer Functions of Soil Water Characteristic 29

4.1 Pedotransfer Function

While measurements permit an exact determination of soil hydraulic properties, they are time consuming and expensive. Moreover, many studies are concerned with large areas of land that may exhibit substantial spatial variability in soil hydraulic properties. The cost effectiveness of obtaining soil hydraulic properties can be improved by using indirect methods, which allow the prediction of hydraulic properties from more easily measurable properties. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are one of the most commonly used indirect methods, which allow easily measurable soil properties such as particle size distributions and bulk density to be used to predict soil hydraulic properties (Arya and Paris, 1981; Campbell, 1985; Scheinost et al, 1997).

In this study, saturated hydraulic conductivity data showed poor correlation with other soil properties. Therefore, it is not considered for the development of PTFs. However, soil water retention data showed good correlation with soil properties such as soil particle distribution and bulk density. Therefore, PTFs were developed for water retention characteristic of soils in the SIR.

The closed form of van Genuchten model (1980) was used in the estimation of PTF. It yields a continuous function of θ(h) relationship.

(θ − θ ) θ (h) = θ + s r r (1− 1/N) []1+ ( α h)N (7)

3 -3 where θ(h) is volumetric water content (cm cm ) at suction h (cm), parameters θr and θs are residual and saturated water contents, respectively, (cm3 cm-3), α is a scaling parameter (>0, in cm-1) related to the inverse of the air entry suction, and N (>1) is a curve shape parameter, a measure of the pore size distribution (van Genuchten, 1980).

Scheinost et al (1997) proposed the following expressions for relating the parameters of the van Genuchten Equation (7) such as θs, θr, α, and N with soil physical properties:

θs = b1 (1-BD/2.65) + b2 or θs = s1 c + s2 BD + s3 (8)

θr =r1 c + r2 s + r3 (9)

α = a1 + a2 dg (10) σ N = n1 + n2 g (11)

-3 where c is clay percentage, s is sand percentage, BD is bulk density in g cm , dg (mm) is geometric mean diameter, and σg is geometric standard deviation, b1, b2, s1, s2, s3, r1, r2, r3, a1, a2, n1 and n2 are empirical parameters.

The parameters dg and σg were calculated from particle size fractions (m1, m2, m3 are clay, silt and sand mass fractions respectively) as:

30 Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR

3 = (12) dg exp ∑ mi lndi i=1

0.5 2  3  3   (13) =  ()2  ()  σg exp ∑mi lndi ∑mi lndi   = =  i 1  i 1  

th where mi is the mass fraction and di is the mean particle size diameter of the i mass fraction class.

4.2 Parameter Estimation

4.2.1 Soil Property Data

The measured soil hydraulic and soil properties of all sampling points in the SIR was arranged in a tabular form. It contains measured data of soil water retention characteristic and soil properties such as particle size distribution and bulk density Horizons A and B1. Sampling points containing data of both soil physical properties and water retention characteristic were used to develop pedotransfer functions. The soil properties used were:

(i) particle size fractions of clay (<2 µm), silt (5-50 µm) and sand (50-2000 µm)

(ii) bulk density (BD) in g cm-3

(iii) measured soil water contents at water suctions of 0, 1, 5, 8, 10, 60, 80, 200 and 1500 kPa

(iv) geometric mean particle size diameter dg (mm) and geometric standard deviation σg (mm)

4.2.2 Fitting Parameters

The parameters θs , θr , α, and N of the van Genuchten Equation (7) are replaced with Equations (8), (9), (10), and (11), which results in the following equation:

[]− + − − − s1 (1 BD /2.65) s2 r1 c r2 s r3 θ (h) = r c + r s + r + 1 2 3 (1− 1/(n + n σ ))  (n + n σ )  1 2 g (14) 1+ ()(a + a d )h 1 2 g  1 2 g 

Nonlinear regression analysis was used to fit the parameters of the PTF Equation (14) from ˆ measured data by minimising sum of squared residuals of measured θ and predicted θ . The parameters of PTFs of soil water retention characteristic for Horizons A and B1 are presented in Tables 31.1 and 31.2.

Pedotransfer Functions of Soil Water Characteristic 31

4.3 Evaluation Criteria

The performance of PTFs was analysed comparing the quality of the estimation when applied on a particular soil data set. The following indicators were used to evaluate the performance of PTFs.

(1) Root Mean Squares of Residuals

Root mean squares of residuals (RMSR) calculates the mean accuracy of prediction, which represents the expected magnitude of error.

1 M  2  2 =  1 (ˆ − )  RMSR ∑ θi θi (15) M   i=1  where M is the number of data points, and θ and θˆ are measured and predicted water contents, respectively.

(2) Coefficient of Determination (R2)

Coefficient of determination (R2) measures the percent of variation in the dependent variable explained by variation in the independent variable(s). R2 varies from 0 (0 percent variation explained) to 1 (100 percent variation explained).

M (ˆ − )2 ∑ θi θi = (16) R2 =1 − i 1 M ()− 2 ∑ θi θ i=1 where θ is the mean of measured θ values.

(3) Mean Deviation

Tietje and Tapkenhinrichs (1993) proposed the use of mean deviations (MD) as a measure of how well the PTFs fit to the retention curve. It is the sum of the area difference between the observed and predicted water retention curves. MD indicates whether the PTFs over or underestimate the observed data. MD for K number of water retention curves was calculated as:

K  b  = 1 1 []ˆ − (17) MD ∑  θ θ d(log10h) K b − a ∫a i=1  

To allow for the log normal distribution of h, the MDs were calculated using log10(h). The integration boundaries a and b were set to a = log10(0.1 kPa) and b = log10(1500 kPa). The

32 Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR integration was done numerically by calculating the area under the curves using water contents at measured suctions (Budiman, 2002).

(4) Root Mean Square Deviation

Tietje and Tapkenhinrichs (1993) also introduced root mean square deviation (RMSD) as a measure of the absolute deviation from the observed data. RMSD between measured and predicted water contents for K number of water retention curves was calculated as:

1/2 K  b  (18) = 1 1 []ˆ − 2 RMSD ∑  θ θ d(log10h) K b − a ∫a i=1  

The RMSD equals zero if there is no difference between the predicted and the measured values. The parameters a and b were set to the same values as for MD calculation.

The results of performance evaluation of the developed PTFs for Horizons A and B1 are presented in Tables 31.1 and 31.2.

5. Listing by Soil Property/ Irriga 5. ListingbySoilProperty/ tion Area/ Soil Group/ Soil Type SoilType Group/ Soil tion Area/

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 2.1 Particle size distribution of Horizon A - MV irrigation area

No. Mean Particle Size Distribution Soil of Depth of Clay (% g/g) Silt (% g/g) Sand (% g/g) Group Soil Type Sampling Horizon A Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points (mm) 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 Sandmount sand 4 1.1 0.5 0.3 1.5 0.7 1.2 1.4 7.9 3.4 5.8 13.0 6.0 6.4 9.8 91.1 3.7 85.6 93.9 89.0 92.3 93.2 1S* Sandmount sand phase 4 2.0 0.2 1.8 2.2 1.8 2.0 2.2 21.1 1.8 19.7 23.7 20.0 20.5 22.2 76.9 1.7 74.4 78.2 75.9 77.5 77.9 Group average 8 1.5 0.6 0.3 2.2 1.2 1.6 2.0 14.5 7.5 5.8 23.7 6.4 16.4 20.5 84.0 8.0 74.4 93.9 77.5 81.9 92.4 Similar range Ss to Csl 2 260 26.9 26.8 26.9 28.2 28.0 28.3 45.0 44.8 45.2 1D* Group average** 70 196 12.3 8.5 3.1 44.1 7.4 10.0 12.2 37.8 7.9 19.5 54.0 32.3 38.5 43.6 49.9 10.9 21.3 76.6 43.5 48.6 56.9 Waaia loam 10 151 14.5 5.8 7.3 26.4 10.6 13.2 19.4 31.9 5.5 23.8 39.6 27.3 31.9 36.6 53.6 7.3 43.9 68.9 49.1 51.3 57.9 Waaia loam phase 4 175 9.3 1.9 6.9 11.4 8.1 9.5 10.5 23.5 2.9 19.5 26.2 21.5 24.2 25.6 67.2 4.4 64.1 73.6 64.6 65.4 69.7 2 Cobram loam 12 192 18.1 9.2 4.8 38.6 11.0 17.8 23.5 32.1 6.5 24.7 48.2 27.5 31.1 35.0 49.8 11.5 32.1 70.1 43.4 48.5 57.8 Moira loam friable phase 10 205 17.2 7.2 9.6 32.0 11.5 14.6 22.1 31.0 3.3 26.2 36.4 27.7 31.3 32.9 51.7 6.3 40.3 61.8 47.4 52.2 56.4 Group average 36 182 15.9 7.5 4.8 38.6 10.7 13.4 20.6 30.8 5.6 19.5 48.2 26.2 31.0 35.0 53.3 9.7 32.1 73.6 47.5 52.6 60.7 Moira loam 2 210 11.1 7.2 15.0 30.8 27.6 34.1 58.1 57.4 58.7 3 Naring loam 8 160 21.1 6.6 13.9 32.3 15.9 19.5 25.9 31.2 5.2 24.7 38.4 25.7 33.0 34.6 47.7 6.8 41.2 61.3 43.0 45.9 50.7 Group average 10 170 19.1 7.4 7.2 32.3 14.0 18.2 22.9 31.1 4.8 24.7 38.4 26.6 33.0 34.1 49.8 7.4 41.2 61.3 43.0 47.4 57.4 Ulupna clay 2 140 43.8 33.7 53.8 33.9 27.6 40.1 22.4 18.5 26.2 5 Group average** 16 176 32.5 13.3 16.2 62.7 23.1 29.9 35.6 30.6 4.9 22.9 40.3 27.0 30.2 32.5 36.9 12.3 10.9 56.6 26.8 39.6 46.5 Muckatah clay loam 6 217 31.0 7.3 21.3 41.5 25.6 31.0 35.8 39.5 8.7 27.4 50.9 31.8 40.6 45.8 29.4 6.6 21.0 39.4 23.4 30.2 32.4

Boosey loam friable phase 4 168 19.4 3.9 16.1 24.0 16.2 18.8 22.6 33.8 1.7 32.5 36.3 32.7 33.2 34.9 46.8 3.5 43.1 51.4 44.2 46.4 49.4 6 Boosey loam 2 185 24.9 17.7 32.2 37.4 36.7 38.1 37.7 31.1 44.3 Group average 12 195 26.1 8.2 16.1 41.5 19.5 24.8 32.7 37.3 6.5 27.4 50.9 32.7 36.5 40.6 36.6 9.9 21.0 51.4 30.3 35.9 44.8 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils; ** Group average of soils of the SIR 33

34

Table 2.2 Particle size distribution of Horizon A - SCG irrigation area

No. Mean Particle Size Distribution Soil of Depth of Clay (% g/g) Silt (% g/g) Sand (% g/g) Group Soil Type Sampling Horizon A Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points (mm) 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 East Shepparton fine sandy loam 14 196 21.2 13.3 3.5 44.1 10.6 17.2 33.1 37.4 8.6 23.6 49.9 26.4 39.9 44.1 41.4 13.2 21.3 73.0 32.4 39.8 48.8 1D* Group average** 70 196 12.3 8.5 3.1 44.1 7.4 10.0 12.2 37.8 7.9 19.5 54.0 32.3 38.5 43.6 49.9 10.9 21.3 76.6 43.5 48.6 56.9 Katamatite loam 4 220 11.7 2.0 10.2 14.6 10.4 10.9 12.9 28.9 3.6 26.1 34.0 26.5 27.7 31.3 59.5 3.2 55.3 63.0 57.3 59.8 61.6 2 Shepparton fine sandy loam 54 176 12.9 4.6 4.4 25.6 9.5 11.9 16.2 37.9 7.3 21.0 63.4 33.4 35.3 42.3 49.2 10.3 23.2 74.7 45.3 50.6 57.0 Group average 58 186 12.8 4.4 4.4 25.6 9.6 11.7 15.5 37.3 7.5 21.0 63.4 33.2 35.2 41.3 49.9 10.3 23.2 74.7 45.4 51.5 57.3 Lemnos loam friable phase 8 179 19.9 5.8 14.3 32.3 15.9 18.3 22.2 40.8 7.3 28.0 48.7 36.2 40.8 47.7 39.3 7.7 29.8 49.5 31.2 40.9 45.5 Lemnos loam semi friable phase 4 203 9.1 1.9 7.6 11.9 8.0 8.5 10.2 33.6 1.2 31.8 34.4 32.9 34.2 34.4 57.2 2.4 54.1 59.7 55.6 57.5 58.9 3 Lemnos loam 38 166 18.0 8.3 7.4 41.7 11.6 16.2 21.9 36.4 9.0 23.6 65.0 30.3 35.9 40.9 45.6 12.5 16.7 65.1 43.0 47.2 53.6 Goulburn loam friable phase 4 195 17.1 4.3 12.0 21.0 13.6 17.7 20.6 31.1 2.9 28.2 33.7 28.6 31.2 33.5 51.9 7.1 45.7 59.8 45.9 51.0 57.8 Group average 54 173 17.6 7.8 7.4 41.7 11.9 16.2 21.2 36.5 8.3 23.6 65.0 30.5 35.3 40.9 46.0 11.8 16.7 65.1 42.1 46.9 55.1 Goulburn loam 20 187 17.7 9.6 4.2 36.5 9.0 16.9 24.1 38.6 5.7 29.0 49.2 33.9 39.1 42.3 43.7 8.2 31.3 57.7 35.3 46.0 50.2 4 Goulburn clay loam 4 283 13.6 2.1 11.5 16.3 12.0 13.4 15.3 40.3 0.8 39.3 41.3 39.7 40.3 40.9 46.0 2.9 42.5 49.1 43.8 46.3 48.3 Group average 24 203 17.0 8.9 4.2 36.6 10.9 15.6 23.4 38.9 5.3 29.0 49.2 35.9 39.9 42.0 44.1 7.6 31.3 57.7 38.0 46.0 49.2 Congupna clay loam 6 195 23.0 6.7 16.2 33.0 16.9 21.5 29.1 36.7 3.4 32.2 39.4 34.2 37.7 39.2 37.6 7.2 29.9 46.4 32.0 37.1 43.2 5 Group average** 16 176 32.5 13.3 16.2 62.7 23.1 29.9 35.6 30.6 4.9 22.9 40.3 27.0 30.2 32.5 36.9 12.3 10.9 56.6 26.8 39.6 46.5 Congupna clay 4 207 25.7 9.0 17.4 38.0 19.1 23.7 32.2 32.9 4.3 27.2 40.3 31.7 31.9 34.4 44.1 10.2 26.7 56.6 38.9 46.7 48.7 6 Group average** 22 190 29.1 13.7 16.1 70.8 21.0 24.8 33.0 34.6 6.9 21.5 50.9 31.9 33.2 38.9 36.3 12.6 7.6 56.5 30.2 39.7 45.3 Note: D* Duplex soils; ** Group average of soils of the SIR Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 2.3 Particle size distribution of Horizon A - RC irrigation area

No. Mean Particle Size Distribution Soil of Depth of Clay (% g/g) Silt (% g/g) Sand (% g/g) Group Soil Type Sampling Horizon A Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points (mm) 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 Nanneella fine sandy loam 54 186 9.5 3.7 3.1 22.1 6.9 8.9 11.2 38.27.719.554.032.738.543.452.3 9.2 35.0 76.6 46.2 51.6 60.5 1D* Group average** 70 196 12.3 8.5 3.1 44.1 7.4 10.0 12.2 37.8 7.9 19.554.032.338.543.649.910.9 21.3 76.6 43.5 48.6 56.9 Timmering loam 18 191 12.3 5.9 4.4 28.5 8.5 11.3 13.4 36.0 7.0 26.851.629.335.338.051.810.6 25.6 66.9 45.5 53.7 59.1 2 Group average** 112 185 13.7 6.0 4.3 38.6 9.7 11.9 16.5 35.0 7.4 19.5 63.4 30.7 34.2 37.5 51.3 10.2 23.2 74.7 46.4 53.3 57.5 Wanalta loam 22 162 25.5 9.9 9.1 46.2 17.4 22.6 33.7 35.6 9.3 17.2 53.4 27.9 36.4 42.5 38.9 11.1 18.5 57.4 30.9 38.0 46.5 3 Group average** 86 170 19.8 8.9 7.2 46.2 14.0 17.5 23.1 35.6 8.3 17.2 65.0 30.2 34.9 39.9 44.6 11.7 16.7 65.1 37.3 46.0 53.8 Wana loam 2 120 45.1 42.3 47.9 34.7 33.3 36.2 20.2 18.8 21.5 Koyuga clay loam 4 135 20.9 5.8 13.4 27.4 16.7 21.3 25.0 39.4 5.0 34.2 45.3 35.4 39.0 43.3 39.8 3.2 36.0 43.2 37.3 39.9 42.2 4 Koga clay loam 4 173 29.6 11.8 21.7 47.0 22.4 24.9 36.9 41.3 11.0 28.5 54.5 32.9 41.1 49.6 29.1 17.0 8.3 44.7 15.4 31.7 42.8 Group average 10 147 29.2 12.1 13.4 47.9 21.7 24.9 42.4 39.2 7.5 28.5 54.5 34.2 37.0 44.8 31.6 12.7 8.3 44.7 21.5 37.3 41.3 Rochester clay 2 160 45.8 41.4 50.2 24.7 22.9 26.4 29.6 26.9 32.2 5 Alta clay loam 6 162 33.9 14.4 23.6 62.7 26.0 29.9 31.1 29.3 3.225.034.126.529.730.436.9 13.1 10.9 46.5 39.3 39.9 44.8 Group average 8 161 36.8 13.6 23.6 62.7 27.8 30.6 45.8 28.1 3.5 22.934.125.728.130.235.111.7 10.9 46.5 29.6 39.6 42.4 Wallenjoe clay 2 120 65.0 59.1 70.8 26.1 21.5 30.6 9.0 7.6 10.3 6 Carag clay 4 205 23.6 4.3 19.6 29.5 20.6 22.7 26.6 28.8 4.7 23.9 32.9 24.7 29.2 32.8 47.6 6.0 43.4 56.5 44.2 45.3 51.0 Group average 6 177 37.4 21.9 19.6 70.8 21.7 26.6 59.1 27.9 4.9 21.532.923.928.032.834.7 20.5 7.6 56.5 10.3 44.2 45.5 Note: D* Duplex soils; ** Group average of soils of the SIR

35

36

Table 3.1 Particle size distribution of Horizon B1 - MV irrigation area

No. Particle Size Distribution Soil of Clay (% g/g) Silt (% g/g) Sand (% g/g) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 Sandmount sand 4 2.6 2.5 1.2 6.4 1.2 1.5 4.1 8.4 7.3 2.8 18.9 3.5 6.1 13.3 88.9 9.7 74.7 96.0 82.6 92.5 95.2 1S* Sandmount sand phase 4 5.7 1.9 3.0 7.3 4.5 6.2 6.8 20.1 2.5 17.6 23.0 18.1 19.9 22.2 74.2 2.0 71.4 76.0 72.7 74.7 75.7 Group average 8 4.2 2.6 1.2 7.3 1.5 4.5 6.4 14.3 8.0 2.8 23.0 6.1 18.1 20.1 81.6 10.2 71.4 96.0 74.4 75.7 92.5 Similar range Ss to Csl 2 16.3 12.6 19.9 31.4 24.7 38.0 52.4 42.1 62.7 1D* Group average** 70 29.7 8.9 11.5 52.3 24.3 29.4 35.5 41.5 10.1 18.0 57.2 36.6 44.4 48.8 28.8 11.7 9.4 62.7 20.8 26.3 36.1 Waaia loam 10 40.4 14.2 3.3 53.6 39.7 43.9 47.6 25.4 6.5 14.0 32.4 20.6 27.5 29.8 34.2 17.5 20.2 81.3 26.4 27.7 36.4 Waaia loam phase 4 47.7 3.8 42.0 50.4 45.3 49.1 50.1 28.5 3.4 25.7 33.3 26.1 27.5 30.9 23.8 1.8 21.1 24.9 22.8 24.6 24.8 2 Cobram loam 12 36.3 11.3 14.8 50.4 26.9 37.4 47.0 25.0 5.6 15.4 34.0 21.2 25.3 27.6 38.7 9.0 24.6 51.4 29.6 41.0 44.0 Moira loam friable phase 10 46.5 9.4 31.2 58.3 37.5 49.4 52.3 23.3 4.1 18.0 30.0 20.3 22.6 25.6 30.2 6.3 22.3 41.4 25.8 29.9 32.5 Group average 36 41.5 11.7 3.3 58.3 34.1 45.1 49.4 25.0 5.3 14.0 34.0 21.3 25.8 28.8 33.5 11.7 20.2 81.3 25.4 29.9 40.1 Moira loam 2 32.5 22.0 43.0 25.7 20.4 30.9 41.8 36.6 47.1 3 Naring loam 8 34.6 19.1 16.9 66.4 18.0 31.1 47.7 27.8 7.5 15.3 37.6 22.5 28.5 33.7 37.6 12.8 18.3 51.4 27.2 40.0 48.4 Group average 10 34.2 17.6 16.9 66.5 18.7 32.5 44.4 27.4 7.1 15.3 37.6 21.9 28.5 31.8 38.5 11.7 18.3 51.4 32.6 40.8 47.1 Ulupna clay 2 49.1 26.8 71.3 31.1 20.2 41.9 19.9 8.5 31.2 5 Group average** 16 55.1 12.4 26.8 71.3 46.0 59.1 63.4 25.0 8.0 13.9 41.9 17.8 24.2 30.7 19.8 7.4 8.5 31.2 14.2 19.8 26.8 Muckatah clay loam 6 43.8 12.0 33.9 60.9 35.5 37.8 57.0 32.3 10.4 18.8 45.1 22.9 32.3 42.7 23.8 7.6 16.2 33.4 17.3 21.8 32.7 Boosey loam friable phase 4 42.5 15.1 21.3 57.0 33.1 45.9 52.0 28.5 4.4 24.5 33.6 24.8 27.9 32.2 29.0 12.0 18.0 45.2 20.1 26.5 37.9

6 SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic Boosey loam 2 51.8 51.3 52.3 28.9 28.3 29.5 19.3 18.2 20.5 Group average 12 44.7 11.8 21.3 60.9 35.5 45.9 54.6 30.5 7.6 18.8 45.1 24.8 30.1 33.2 24.8 8.8 16.2 45.2 18.1 21.4 31.7 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils; ** Group average of soils of the SIR

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 3.2 Particle size distribution of Horizon B1 - SCG irrigation area

No. Particle Size Distribution Soil of Clay (% g/g) Silt (% g/g) Sand (% g/g) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 East Shepparton fine sandy loam 14 28.5 7.9 15.8 46.4 25.3 28.1 33.0 39.4 7.6 27.3 49.8 33.3 37.4 48.1 32.1 7.7 21.5 47.4 26.1 30.8 37.3 1D* Group average** 70 29.7 8.9 11.5 52.3 24.3 29.4 35.5 41.5 10.1 18.0 57.2 36.6 44.4 48.8 28.8 11.7 9.4 62.7 20.8 26.3 36.1 Ketamatite loam 4 20.9 11.3 11.6 37.3 13.8 17.4 28.0 28.1 1.8 26.0 30.0 26.8 28.2 29.5 51.0 9.7 36.7 58.4 45.2 54.4 56.7 2 Shepparton fine sandy loam 54 37.6 11.2 11.5 57.7 31.0 39.6 44.9 36.4 7.0 10.1 48.6 32.9 36.3 41.6 26.1 9.1 10.3 49.8 20.2 24.7 31.2 Group average 58 36.4 11.9 11.5 57.7 28.3 38.4 44.8 35.8 7.1 10.1 48.6 31.8 35.5 41.5 27.8 11.0 10.3 58.4 20.2 25.5 33.6 Lemnos loam friable phase 8 46.6 9.9 31.9 60.1 38.7 47.4 54.5 32.1 6.6 23.0 42.9 26.3 33.0 36.1 21.3 5.7 14.6 31.7 17.0 19.6 25.3 Lemnos loam semi friable phase 4 45.3 3.5 40.9 49.4 42.8 45.4 47.8 25.9 3.7 23.0 31.4 23.8 24.6 28.0 28.8 2.7 26.0 32.2 26.8 28.5 30.8 3 Lemnos loam 37 42.6 13.9 14.5 70.4 32.4 43.6 51.3 29.4 7.3 15.4 44.7 24.6 29.9 34.4 28.0 11.6 4.2 63.5 20.4 26.3 35.7 Goulburn loam friable phase 4 54.1 4.8 48.2 59.8 50.9 54.3 57.3 20.7 3.9 17.5 26.0 17.8 19.7 23.7 25.1 5.2 19.1 30.5 20.9 25.5 29.3 Group average 53 44.3 12.6 14.5 70.4 38.7 44.9 52.6 28.9 7.2 15.4 44.7 24.2 27.9 34.3 26.9 10.3 4.2 63.5 19.8 26.0 31.8 Goulburn loam 20 33.0 13.1 6.5 50.5 26.3 35.6 40.6 37.2 6.1 29.1 53.4 33.3 35.7 39.4 29.8 11.0 17.0 57.7 21.3 25.3 36.4 4 Goulburn clay loam 4 30.7 4.1 27.3 36.5 27.8 29.4 33.5 37.9 3.4 33.6 41.5 35.2 38.2 40.5 31.5 5.8 24.1 38.1 27.6 31.9 35.3 Group average 24 32.6 12.0 6.6 50.5 27.5 34.5 40.4 37.3 5.7 29.1 53.4 33.9 36.3 39.5 30.1 10.2 17.0 57.7 22.8 27.8 36.4 Congupna clay loam 6 47.0 7.8 39.3 58.8 41.4 44.5 53.6 30.5 4.3 23.1 36.2 29.6 31.0 31.8 22.6 7.8 11.6 30.3 14.8 24.6 29.4 5 Group average** 16 55.1 12.4 26.8 71.3 46.0 59.1 63.4 25.0 8.0 13.9 41.9 17.8 24.2 30.7 19.8 7.4 8.5 31.2 14.2 19.8 26.8 Congupna clay 4 35.0 3.6 32.0 40.2 32.9 33.9 37.1 36.2 2.4 32.7 38.3 34.8 37.0 37.6 28.8 4.4 22.8 33.6 25.9 29.3 31.6 6

Group average** 22 46.9 12.3 21.3 63.7 35.5 49.1 57.0 29.3 8.3 15.2 45.1 23.3 30.1 34.2 23.8 8.8 7.3 45.2 18.5 22.6 29.5 Note: D* Duplex soils; ** Group average of soils of the SIR

37

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Table 3.3 Particle size distribution of Horizon B1 - RC irrigation area

No. Particle Size Distribution Soil of Clay (% g/g) Silt (% g/g) Sand (% g/g) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 Nanneella fine sandy loam 54 30.5 9.0 11.5 52.3 24.6 31.0 35.9 42.510.518.057.238.944.949.327.111.59.459.819.424.632.3 1D* Group average** 70 29.7 8.9 11.5 52.3 24.3 29.4 35.5 41.5 10.1 18.0 57.2 36.6 44.4 48.8 28.8 11.7 9.4 62.7 20.8 26.3 36.1 Timmering loam 18 40.6 14.6 8.2 61.5 34.3 43.4 50.5 31.6 6.9 17.0 43.4 26.7 34.2 36.3 27.8 15.8 7.1 61.2 15.9 21.5 38.3 2 Group average** 112 38.7 12.4 3.3 61.5 32.2 41.5 48.0 31.7 8.1 10.1 48.6 26.3 32.4 36.9 29.6 12.3 7.1 81.3 21.9 26.7 36.5 Wanalta loam 22 41.1 15.5 17.7 60.1 22.6 47.9 53.7 35.7 15.2 12.0 73.3 23.7 32.8 47.3 23.2 10.2 7.9 46.6 15.2 22.7 30.8 3 Group average** 8542.314.214.570.431.944.752.930.510.312.073.323.629.935.027.311.24.263.518.526.033.8 Wana loam 2 59.1 58.1 60.1 28.5 26.4 30.6 12.4 11.3 13.5 Koyuga clay loam 4 51.9 4.1 47.5 57.3 49.1 51.5 54.7 29.2 5.7 24.2 37.3 25.6 27.5 32.7 18.9 2.9 15.2 22.2 16.8 19.1 21.0 4 Koga clay loam 4 39.7 12.8 23.1 54.0 31.0 40.9 48.5 40.1 9.8 33.2 54.5 34.2 36.3 46.0 20.2 8.3 8.5 28.0 15.2 22.1 25.2 Group average 10 48.5 11.2 23.1 60.1 43.1 51.5 57.3 33.4 8.7 24.2 54.5 27.0 31.9 37.3 18.1 5.9 8.5 28.0 13.5 19.1 22.2 Rochester clay 2 59.5 56.8 62.3 16.7 16.3 17.2 23.7 20.5 26.9 5 Alta clay loam 6 63.8 3.0 59.5 67.3 61.8 63.6 67.0 20.4 4.6 13.9 24.9 17.3 20.9 24.4 15.8 3.8 11.0 20.9 12.6 15.7 19.2 Group average 8 62.7 3.5 56.8 67.3 60.6 62.7 65.6 19.5 4.3 13.9 24.9 16.7 17.6 24.2 17.8 5.2 11.0 26.9 13.7 17.9 20.7 Wallenjoe clay 2 61.0 58.3 63.7 31.6 28.8 34.4 7.4 7.3 7.5 6 Carag clay 4 58.4 3.7 54.2 62.1 55.3 58.7 61.5 17.8 1.7 15.2 18.8 16.8 18.5 18.8 23.8 4.5 19.5 28.3 19.9 23.7 27.6 Group average 6 59.3 3.6 54.2 63.7 56.5 59.6 62.2 22.4 7.5 15.2 34.4 18.3 18.8 28.8 18.3 9.2 7.3 28.3 7.5 19.9 27.0 Note: D* Duplex soils; ** Group average of soils of the SIR Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 4.1 Depth, bulk density and organic matter content of Horizon A - MV irrigation area

Soil Depth of Horizon A (mm) Bulk Density (g/cm3) Organic Matter (% g/g) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 Points 25 50 75 Points 25 50 75 Sandmount sand 0 4 1.59 0.07 1.52 1.66 1.53 1.58 1.64 4 1.4 0.1 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.5 1S* Sandmount sand phase 0 4 1.71 0.05 1.67 1.79 1.67 1.70 1.75 4 2.1 0.3 1.8 2.5 1.9 2.0 2.3 Group average 0 8 1.65 0.09 1.55 1.79 1.58 1.67 1.70 8 1.8 0.4 1.3 2.5 1.4 1.7 2.0 Similar range Ss to Csl 2 260 200 320 2 1.63 1.58 1.69 2 3.6 3.3 3.8 1D* Group average** 30 196 42 140 320 170 185 230 70 1.5 0.2 1.0 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.6 57 6.6 2.8 1.6 12.0 4.0 7.2 8.5 Waaia loam 10 151 27 130 200 130 140 160 10 1.57 0.13 1.26 1.74 1.53 1.59 1.61 4 3.9 0.8 2.7 4.6 3.5 4.2 4.4 Waaia loam phase 4 175 21 150 200 160 175 190 4 1.33 0.05 1.26 1.37 1.30 1.35 1.37 4 6.2 0.7 5.7 7.2 5.8 5.9 6.6 2 Cobram loam 12 192 24 150 220 170 200 210 12 1.58 0.12 1.31 1.75 1.54 1.58 1.65 6 4.0 0.9 2.9 5.1 3.1 4.0 4.6 Moira loam friable phase 10 205 37 150 280 190 200 230 10 1.65 0.08 1.49 1.76 1.61 1.66 1.71 7 4.7 1.0 3.1 5.9 3.8 5.0 5.3 Group average 36 182 35 130 280 150 185 205 36 1.57 0.14 1.26 1.76 1.51 1.59 1.67 21 4.6 1.2 2.7 7.2 3.4 4.6 5.4 Moira loam 2 210 190 230 2 1.64 1.55 1.73 1 2.9 3 Naring loam 8 160 19 130 180 145 165 175 8 1.68 0.07 1.57 1.77 1.64 1.67 1.73 4 4.1 0.2 3.8 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.2 Group average 10 170 28 130 230 150 170 180 10 1.67 0.07 1.55 1.77 1.62 1.67 1.73 5 3.8 0.5 2.9 4.2 3.6 4.0 4.2 Ulupna clay 2 140 130 150 2 1.56 1.47 1.65 1 4.0 5 Group average** 16 176 29 130 230 155 170 200 16 1.43 0.10 1.29 1.65 1.37 1.41 1.51 12 5.1 1.6 2.5 8.0 4.1 5.3 6.1 Muckatah clay loam 6 217 16 200 240 200 215 230 6 1.54 0.09 1.38 1.64 1.54 1.55 1.57 3 1.7 0.4 1.4 2.1

Boosey loam friable phase 4 168 25 140 200 150 165 185 4 1.64 0.08 1.53 1.72 1.59 1.66 1.70 4 4.4 1.5 3.1 6.5 3.5 3.9 5.3 6 Boosey loam 2 185 180 190 2 1.63 1.61 1.65 1 3.8 Group average 12 195 29 140 240 175 200 215 12 1.59 0.09 1.38 1.72 1.54 1.59 1.65 8 3.3 1.7 1.4 6.5 1.9 3.5 3.9 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils; ** Group average of soils of the SIR 39

40

Table 4.2 Depth, bulk density and organic matter content of Horizon A - SCG irrigation area

Soil Depth of Horizon A (mm) Bulk Density (g/cm3) Organic Matter (% g/g) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 Points 25 50 75 Points 25 50 75 East Shepparton fine sandy loam 14 196 36 150 250 170 185 240 14 1.62 0.12 1.36 1.80 1.53 1.61 1.72 11 2.7 0.7 1.6 4.0 2.2 2.7 3.3 1D* Group average** 30 196 42 140 320 170 185 230 70 1.5 0.2 1.0 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.6 57 6.6 2.8 1.6 12.0 4.0 7.2 8.5 Katamatite loam 4 220 22 200 250 205 215 235 4 1.62 0.12 1.44 1.70 1.54 1.66 1.69 4 4.3 1.9 2.5 6.8 2.9 3.9 5.6 2 Shepparton fine sandy loam 14 176 25 140 220 150 175 190 54 1.53 0.12 1.01 1.76 1.49 1.53 1.57 48 5.4 1.1 2.3 7.6 4.6 5.5 6.3 Group average 18 186 30 140 250 160 185 210 58 1.53 0.12 1.01 1.76 1.49 1.53 1.59 52 5.3 1.2 2.3 7.6 4.5 5.4 6.3 Lemnos loam friable phase 8 179 57 100 280 135 190 200 8 1.67 0.09 1.53 1.79 1.58 1.68 1.74 8 3.3 0.8 2.1 4.6 2.8 3.3 3.7 Lemnos loam semi friable phase 4 203 19 190 230 190 195 215 4 1.61 0.03 1.58 1.64 1.60 1.62 1.63 4 4.1 0.6 3.6 4.8 3.6 3.9 4.5 3 Lemnos loam 38 166 34 100 290 150 165 180 38 1.51 0.19 1.00 1.77 1.40 1.56 1.62 20 4.7 1.6 2.7 8.2 3.5 4.3 5.6 Goulburn loam friable phase 4 195 17 180 220 185 190 205 4 1.75 0.06 1.68 1.81 1.71 1.76 1.80 4 2.9 0.6 2.5 3.8 2.6 2.7 3.3 Group average 54 173 37 100 290 150 170 190 54 1.56 0.18 1.00 1.81 1.53 1.59 1.69 36 4.1 1.4 2.1 8.2 3.1 3.8 4.9 Goulburn loam 20 187 64 130 340 150 155 200 20 1.50 0.12 1.33 1.78 1.41 1.48 1.58 17 4.6 0.8 3.4 6.7 4.2 4.6 5.1 4 Goulburn clay loam 4 283 22 260 310 265 280 300 4 1.65 0.01 1.64 1.66 1.64 1.65 1.66 4 3.3 0.7 2.5 4.2 2.8 3.3 3.8 Group average 24 203 69 130 340 150 160 275 24 1.53 0.12 1.33 1.78 1.42 1.52 1.64 21 4.4 0.9 2.5 6.7 3.8 4.4 4.9 Congupna clay loam 6 207 12 200 230 200 200 210 6 1.40 0.07 1.32 1.51 1.36 1.38 1.45 5 5.0 1.7 2.5 6.7 3.8 5.5 6.4 5 Group average** 16 176 29 130 230 155 170 200 16 1.43 0.10 1.29 1.65 1.37 1.41 1.50 12 5.1 1.6 2.5 8.0 4.1 5.3 6.1 Congupna clay 4 195 13 180 210 185 195 205 4 1.52 0.02 1.48 1.53 1.50 1.52 1.53 4 3.6 0.5 2.9 4.2 3.3 3.7 4.0 6 Group average** 22 190 34 100 240 180 200 210 22 1.56 0.12 1.23 1.72 1.53 1.55 1.64 17 3.7 1.4 1.4 6.5 2.8 3.8 4.3 Note: D* Duplex soil, ** Group average of soils of the SIR Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 4.3 Depth, bulk density and organic matter content of Horizon A - RC irrigation area

Soil Depth of Horizon A (mm) Bulk Density (g/cm3) Organic Matter (% g/g) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 Points 25 50 75 Points 25 50 75 Nanneella fine sandy loam 14 186 37 140 260 150 175 220 54 1.43 0.16 0.96 1.80 1.37 1.44 1.50 44 7.7 2.1 1.9 12.0 6.8 7.8 8.9 1D* Group average** 30 196 42 140 320 170 185 230 70 1.5 0.2 1.0 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.6 57 6.6 2.8 1.6 12.0 4.0 7.2 8.5 Timmering loam 18 191 42 130 290 160 185 210 18 1.43 0.18 1.09 1.77 1.28 1.44 1.58 11 5.0 1.8 1.9 8.4 4.0 5.3 6.1 2 Group average** 72 185 36 130 290 160 185 210 112 1.53 0.15 1.01 1.77 1.46 1.55 1.62 84 5.1 1.3 1.9 8.4 4.4 5.1 6.1 Wanalta loam 22 162 38 100 262 140 160 180 22 1.50 0.15 1.19 1.73 1.38 1.54 1.61 16 5.0 1.7 2.5 7.4 3.6 4.8 6.4 3 Group average** 86 170 36 100 290 150 170 190 86 1.55 0.17 1.00 1.81 1.48 1.59 1.68 57 4.3 1.5 2.1 8.2 3.1 4.0 5.1 Wana loam 2 120 120 120 2 1.40 1.34 1.45 1 5.3 Koyuga clay loam 4 135 17 120 160 125 130 145 4 1.64 0.10 1.51 1.74 1.57 1.66 1.72 2 3.4 3.4 3.4 4 Koga clay loam 4 173 21 150 200 160 170 185 4 1.52 0.09 1.41 1.63 1.46 1.52 1.59 2 4.0 3.4 4.6 Group average 10 147 28 120 200 120 140 170 10 1.55 0.13 1.34 1.74 1.45 1.53 1.63 5 4.0 0.9 3.4 5.3 3.4 3.4 4.8 Rochester clay 2 160 150 170 2 1.51 1.50 1.53 1 2.9 5 Alta clay loam 6 162 16 130 170 160 170 170 6 1.38 0.08 1.29 1.51 1.30 1.38 1.43 5 5.9 1.3 4.8 8.0 5.0 5.5 6.4 Group average 8 161 15 130 170 155 170 170 8 1.42 0.09 1.29 1.53 1.34 1.41 1.51 6 5.4 1.7 2.9 8.0 4.8 5.3 5.9 Wallenjoe clay 2 120 100 140 2 1.42 1.23 1.61 1 2.5 6 Carag clay 4 205 25 180 240 190 200 220 4 1.58 0.16 1.36 1.72 1.45 1.61 1.70 4 4.9 0.8 4.0 5.7 4.3 5.0 5.5 Group average 6 177 50 100 240 140 190 200 6 1.52 0.19 1.23 1.72 1.36 1.58 1.68 5 4.4 1.3 2.5 5.7 3.6 4.6 5.4 Note: D* Duplex soil, ** Group average of soils of the SIR 41

42

Table 5.1 Bulk density and organic matter content of Horizon B1 - MV irrigation area

Soil Bulk Density (g/cm3) Organic Matter (% g/g) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 Points 25 50 75 Sandmount sand 4 1.65 0.10 1.54 1.74 1.56 1.66 1.74 4 1.2 0.2 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.1 1.4 1S* Sandmount sand phase 4 1.83 0.07 1.73 1.88 1.79 1.85 1.86 4 1.0 0.5 0.6 1.7 0.7 0.8 1.3 Group average 8 1.74 0.12 1.54 1.88 1.66 1.74 1.85 8 1.1 0.4 0.6 1.7 0.8 1.0 1.4 Similar range Ss to Csl 2 1.71 1.67 1.74 2 2.6 2.1 3.1 1D* Group average** 70 1.68 0.08 1.46 1.93 1.63 1.68 1.73 57 2.5 0.6 0.9 3.8 2.1 2.5 2.8 Waaia loam 10 1.60 0.07 1.49 1.69 1.56 1.58 1.67 4 2.6 0.7 1.9 3.4 2.0 2.5 3.2 Waaia loam phase 4 1.64 0.04 1.60 1.70 1.61 1.63 1.67 4 2.9 0.7 2.3 3.8 2.4 2.7 3.4 2 Cobram loam 12 1.69 0.10 1.55 1.84 1.62 1.66 1.77 6 2.0 0.4 1.4 2.5 1.9 2.0 2.1 Moira loam friable phase 10 1.59 0.07 1.44 1.66 1.57 1.61 1.63 7 2.6 0.3 2.3 3.1 2.4 2.5 2.7 Group average 36 1.63 0.09 1.44 1.84 1.58 1.62 1.68 21 2.5 0.6 1.4 3.8 2.1 2.5 2.8 Moira loam 2 1.73 1.62 1.84 1 1.4 3 Naring loam 8 1.66 0.13 1.42 1.84 1.59 1.68 1.74 4 2.2 0.8 1.1 2.9 1.6 2.3 2.7 Group average 10 1.67 0.13 1.42 1.84 1.62 1.68 1.74 5 2.0 0.7 1.1 2.9 1.3 2.1 2.6 Ulupna clay 2 1.55 1.42 1.69 1 1.7 5 Group average** 16 1.51 0.09 1.41 1.69 1.44 1.47 1.59 12 1.9 0.4 1.3 2.5 1.7 1.8 2.2 Muckatah clay loam 6 1.63 0.08 1.52 1.71 1.57 1.63 1.71 3 1.2 1.1 1.3 Boosey loam friable phase 4 1.68 0.13 1.55 1.86 1.60 1.65 1.75 4 1.6 0.6 0.7 2.1 1.2 1.8 2.0 6 Boosey loam 2 1.52 1.47 1.57 1 1.7 Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic Group average 12 1.63 0.10 1.47 1.86 1.56 1.62 1.68 8 1.5 0.5 0.7 2.1 1.2 1.5 1.8 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils; ** Group average of soils of the SIR

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 5.2 Bulk density and organic matter content of Horizon B1 - SCG irrigation area

Soil Bulk Density (g/cm3) Organic Matter (% g/g) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 Points 25 50 75 East Shepparton fine sandy loam 14 1.70 0.09 1.53 1.83 1.65 1.72 1.76 11 2.0 0.8 0.9 3.8 1.6 1.9 2.1 1D* Group average** 70 1.68 0.08 1.46 1.93 1.63 1.68 1.73 57 2.5 0.6 0.9 3.8 2.1 2.5 2.8 Katamatite loam 4 1.84 0.14 1.64 1.95 1.74 1.89 1.94 4 1.4 0.3 1.1 1.7 1.2 1.5 1.7 2 Shepparton fine sandy loam 54 1.64 0.06 1.51 1.81 1.59 1.63 1.67 48 2.8 0.6 1.3 4.2 2.5 2.9 3.3 Group average 58 1.65 0.08 1.51 1.95 1.59 1.64 1.68 52 2.7 0.7 1.1 4.2 2.2 2.9 3.3 Lemnos loam friable phase 8 1.69 0.09 1.58 1.81 1.63 1.66 1.79 8 1.8 0.2 1.4 2.1 1.7 1.9 1.9 Lemnos loam semi friable phase 4 1.66 0.12 1.49 1.73 1.60 1.72 1.73 4 2.5 0.5 1.8 3.1 2.2 2.6 2.9 3 Lemnos loam 37 1.65 0.10 1.48 1.94 1.59 1.63 1.73 20 2.0 0.7 1.1 3.8 1.6 1.7 2.5 Goulburn loam friable phase 4 1.57 0.03 1.52 1.60 1.55 1.58 1.59 4 1.6 0.1 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.7 Group average 53 1.65 0.10 1.48 1.94 1.58 1.63 1.73 36 2.0 0.6 1.1 3.8 1.6 1.8 2.2 Goulburn loam 20 1.64 0.13 1.41 1.91 1.55 1.63 1.72 17 2.2 1.0 1.0 5.0 1.5 2.1 2.4 4 Goulburn clay loam 4 1.69 0.05 1.63 1.74 1.65 1.70 1.74 4 1.5 0.3 1.2 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.8 Group average 24 1.65 0.12 1.42 1.91 1.59 1.64 1.74 21 2.0 0.9 1.0 5.0 1.5 1.9 2.2 Congupna clay loam 6 1.68 0.07 1.63 1.79 1.64 1.66 1.73 5 1.4 0.2 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.5 5 Group average** 16 1.51 0.09 1.41 1.69 1.44 1.47 1.59 12 1.9 0.4 1.3 2.5 1.7 1.8 2.2 Congupna clay 4 1.58 0.08 1.47 1.67 1.53 1.59 1.65 4 1.6 0.2 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.7 6 Group average** 22 1.60 0.12 1.41 1.86 1.52 1.59 1.65 17 1.7 0.7 0.7 3.3 1.3 1.6 2.2

Note: D* Duplex soil, ** Group average of soils of the SIR 43

44

Table 5.3 Bulk density and organic matter content of Horizon B1 - RC irrigation area

Soil Bulk Density (g/cm3) Organic Matter (% g/g) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 Points 25 50 75 Nanneella fine sandy loam 54 1.68 0.08 1.46 1.93 1.63 1.68 1.72 44 2.6 0.6 1.0 3.8 2.3 2.5 2.9 1D* Group average** 70 1.68 0.08 1.46 1.93 1.63 1.68 1.73 57 2.5 0.6 0.9 3.8 2.1 2.5 2.8 Timmering loam 18 1.62 0.10 1.48 1.81 1.55 1.59 1.68 11 2.3 0.3 1.8 2.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2 Group average** 112 1.64 0.09 1.44 1.95 1.58 1.63 1.68 84 2.6 0.7 1.1 4.2 2.1 2.6 3.1 Wanalta loam 22 1.53 0.11 1.29 1.71 1.47 1.52 1.59 16 2.2 0.2 1.7 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.4 3 Group average** 85 1.62 0.12 1.29 1.94 1.56 1.62 1.71 57 2.0 0.5 1.1 3.8 1.7 1.9 2.4 Wana loam 2 1.50 1.47 1.52 1 1.5 Koyuga clay loam 4 1.50 0.05 1.43 1.55 1.46 1.51 1.54 2 2.2 1.9 2.5 4 Koga clay loam 4 1.54 0.04 1.49 1.57 1.52 1.56 1.56 2 2.0 1.8 2.1 Group average 10 1.52 0.05 1.43 1.57 1.49 1.53 1.56 5 2.0 0.4 1.5 2.5 1.7 1.9 2.2 Rochester clay 2 1.47 1.46 1.48 1 1.8 5 Alta clay loam 6 1.45 0.03 1.41 1.51 1.43 1.44 1.46 5 2.2 0.3 1.8 2.5 2.0 2.3 2.4 Group average 8 1.45 0.03 1.41 1.51 1.43 1.45 1.47 6 2.1 0.3 1.8 2.5 1.8 2.2 2.3 Wallenjoe clay 2 1.49 1.41 1.57 1 1.3 6 Carag clay 4 1.47 0.06 1.41 1.56 1.42 1.45 1.51 4 2.9 0.4 2.3 3.3 2.5 2.9 3.2 Group average 6 1.48 0.07 1.41 1.57 1.41 1.45 1.56 5 2.5 0.8 1.3 3.3 2.1 2.7 3.2 Note: D* Duplex soil, ** Group average of soils of the SIR Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 6.1 EC, pH (H2O), pH (CaCl2) of Horizon A - MV irrigation area

Soil No of EC (dS/m) pH (H2O) pH (CaCl2) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 Sandmount sand 4 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 6.3 0.3 5.8 6.5 6.1 6.4 6.5 5.7 0.5 5.0 6.0 5.4 5.9 6.0 1S* Sandmount sand phase 4 0.12 0.02 0.10 0.14 0.10 0.12 0.14 8.5 0.5 7.9 9.0 8.2 8.6 8.9 7.5 0.4 6.9 7.9 7.2 7.6 7.8 Group average 8 0.08 0.04 0.04 0.14 0.04 0.07 0.12 7.4 1.3 5.8 9.0 6.4 7.2 8.6 6.6 1.0 5.0 7.9 5.9 6.5 7.6 Similar range Ss to Csl 2 0.11 0.10 0.11 6.9 6.8 7.0 6.4 6.3 6.5 1D* Group average** 57 0.15 0.08 0.06 0.45 0.11 0.13 0.16 6.1 0.9 5.2 8.5 5.6 5.7 6.1 5.4 0.7 4.6 7.3 5.0 5.1 5.5 Waaia loam 4 0.14 0.08 0.05 0.24 0.09 0.14 0.20 6.6 0.8 5.6 7.3 5.9 6.7 7.3 5.9 0.8 5.0 6.5 5.2 6.0 6.5 Waaia loam phase 4 0.22 0.07 0.14 0.31 0.17 0.21 0.26 6.9 0.1 6.8 7.0 6.8 6.9 7.0 6.2 0.1 6.0 6.3 6.1 6.2 6.3 2 Cobram loam 6 0.16 0.07 0.07 0.25 0.08 0.16 0.21 6.8 1.0 5.7 8.4 6.1 6.5 7.4 6.3 0.9 5.2 7.9 5.7 6.1 6.7 Moira loam friable phase 7 0.11 0.06 0.06 0.21 0.06 0.08 0.17 6.3 0.9 5.3 7.9 5.9 5.9 7.1 5.6 1.1 4.8 7.4 4.9 5.1 6.5 Group average 21 0.15 0.08 0.05 0.31 0.08 0.15 0.21 6.6 0.8 5.3 8.4 5.9 6.6 7.2 5.9 0.9 4.8 7.9 5.1 6.0 6.5 Moira loam 1 0.08 5.8 5.1 3 Naring loam 4 0.11 0.03 0.08 0.16 0.09 0.10 0.13 5.9 0.7 5.0 6.6 5.4 6.1 6.5 5.3 0.7 4.5 6.0 4.8 5.4 5.9 Group average 5 0.10 0.03 0.08 0.16 0.08 0.10 0.12 5.9 0.6 5.0 6.6 5.6 5.8 6.4 5.3 0.6 4.5 6.0 5.0 5.1 5.8 Ulupna clay 1 0.10 6.0 5.1 5

Group average** 12 0.29 0.16 0.10 0.64 0.19 0.22 0.42 6.8 0.4 6.0 7.8 6.6 6.9 7.1 6.3 0.5 5.1 7.1 6.1 6.4 6.6 Muckatah clay loam 3 0.08 0.03 0.06 0.12 7.0 0.6 6.4 7.6 6.2 0.5 5.8 6.7 Boosey loam friable phase 4 0.08 0.03 0.04 0.12 0.06 0.08 0.10 5.6 0.2 5.4 5.9 5.5 5.6 5.8 4.9 0.1 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.0 6 Boosey loam 1 0.13 6.2 5.5 Group average 8 0.09 0.03 0.04 0.13 0.07 0.08 0.12 6.2 0.8 5.4 7.6 5.6 6.1 6.8 5.5 0.7 4.8 6.7 4.9 5.3 5.9 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR

45

46

Table 6.2 EC, pH (H2O), pH (CaCl2) of Horizon A - SCG irrigation area

Soil No of EC (dS/m) pH (H2O) pH (CaCl2) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 East Shepparton fine sandy loam 11 0.11 0.04 0.06 0.18 0.07 0.10 0.13 7.46 0.97 5.70 8.50 6.90 7.80 8.15 6.6 0.7 5.1 7.3 6.3 6.8 7.1 1D* Group average** 57 0.15 0.08 0.06 0.45 0.11 0.13 0.16 6.1 0.9 5.2 8.5 5.6 5.7 6.1 5.4 0.7 4.6 7.3 5.0 5.1 5.5 Katamatite loam 4 0.12 0.06 0.06 0.18 0.06 0.11 0.17 5.9 0.5 5.5 6.5 5.6 5.8 6.2 5.3 0.5 4.9 6.0 5.0 5.2 5.7 2 Shepparton fine sandy loam 48 0.12 0.09 0.04 0.71 0.09 0.11 0.13 6.0 0.5 5.0 8.3 5.9 5.9 6.1 5.3 0.5 4.5 7.9 5.2 5.3 5.4 Group average 52 0.12 0.09 0.04 0.71 0.09 0.11 0.13 6.0 0.5 5.0 8.3 5.9 5.9 6.1 5.3 0.5 4.5 7.9 5.2 5.3 5.4 Lemnos loam friable phase 8 0.08 0.03 0.04 0.13 0.06 0.07 0.10 6.0 0.5 5.3 6.8 5.7 5.9 6.4 5.3 0.6 4.7 6.1 4.9 5.2 5.9 Lemnos loam semi friable phase 4 0.16 0.06 0.08 0.22 0.11 0.16 0.21 5.0 0.3 4.7 5.3 4.8 5.0 5.2 4.6 0.2 4.4 4.8 4.5 4.6 4.7 3 Lemnos loam 20 0.21 0.15 0.06 0.67 0.13 0.17 0.24 6.9 0.6 5.8 8.6 6.5 6.9 7.1 6.3 0.7 5.4 8.6 5.9 6.3 6.6 Goulburn loam friable phase 4 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.10 0.05 0.07 0.10 6.0 0.5 5.3 6.4 5.6 6.1 6.4 5.3 0.4 4.8 5.6 5.0 5.4 5.6 Group average 36 0.16 0.13 0.04 0.67 0.08 0.13 0.19 6.4 0.9 4.7 8.6 5.8 6.4 6.9 5.8 0.9 4.4 8.6 5.0 5.9 6.3 Goulburn loam 17 0.17 0.18 0.05 0.73 0.07 0.10 0.13 6.4 0.8 5.5 8.4 5.8 6.1 6.6 5.8 1.1 4.9 8.3 5.2 5.4 5.9 4 Goulburn clay loam 4 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.06 6.0 0.2 5.8 6.2 5.9 6.1 6.2 5.2 0.2 4.9 5.4 5.1 5.3 5.4 Group average 21 0.14 0.17 0.04 0.73 0.06 0.07 0.13 6.3 0.8 5.5 8.4 5.8 6.1 6.5 5.7 1.0 4.9 8.3 5.2 5.4 5.8 Congupna clay loam 5 0.20 0.02 0.18 0.22 0.19 0.21 0.21 7.2 0.4 6.9 7.8 7.0 7.1 7.3 6.7 0.2 6.5 7.1 6.6 6.6 6.7 5 Group average** 12 0.29 0.16 0.10 0.64 0.19 0.22 0.42 6.8 0.4 6.0 7.8 6.6 6.9 7.1 6.3 0.5 5.1 7.1 6.1 6.4 6.6 Congupna clay 4 0.08 0.01 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.09 5.7 0.2 5.5 6.0 5.6 5.7 5.9 5.1 0.2 4.9 5.3 5.0 5.1 5.3 6 SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic Group average** 17 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.21 0.08 0.08 0.11 6.1 0.7 5.4 7.6 5.6 5.8 6.4 5.4 0.6 4.8 6.7 4.9 5.1 5.7 Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 6.3 EC, pH (H2O), pH (CaCl2) of Horizon A - RC irrigation area

Soil No of EC (dS/m) pH (H2O) pH (CaCl2) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 Nanneella fine sandy loam 44 0.16 0.08 0.06 0.45 0.11 0.14 0.17 5.7 0.3 5.2 6.7 5.6 5.6 5.8 5.1 0.3 4.6 6.3 4.9 5.0 5.2 1D* Group average** 57 0.15 0.08 0.06 0.45 0.11 0.13 0.16 6.1 0.9 5.2 8.5 5.6 5.7 6.1 5.4 0.7 4.6 7.3 5.0 5.1 5.5 Timmering loam 11 0.25 0.27 0.07 0.98 0.09 0.12 0.29 6.3 0.7 5.3 7.6 6.0 6.2 6.7 5.7 0.8 4.9 7.2 5.2 5.4 6.0 2 Group average** 84 0.14 0.13 0.04 0.98 0.09 0.12 0.16 6.2 0.7 5.0 8.4 5.9 6.0 6.3 5.5 0.7 4.5 7.9 5.2 5.3 5.7 Wanalta loam 16 0.25 0.21 0.07 0.72 0.11 0.16 0.36 6.4 0.7 5.5 8.4 5.8 6.5 6.7 5.8 0.8 4.9 7.9 5.1 6.0 6.3 3 Group average** 57 0.18 0.16 0.04 0.72 0.08 0.13 0.22 6.3 0.8 4.7 8.6 5.8 6.4 6.8 5.8 0.8 4.4 8.6 5.1 5.8 6.2 Wana loam 1 0.27 6.3 6.0 Koyuga clay loam 2 0.22 0.21 0.23 5.7 5.4 6.0 5.2 5.0 5.4 4 Koga clay loam 2 0.18 0.13 0.23 6.3 5.9 6.7 5.7 5.3 6.1 Group average 5 0.21 0.05 0.13 0.27 0.19 0.23 0.24 6.1 0.5 5.4 6.7 5.8 6.0 6.4 5.6 0.5 5.0 6.1 5.2 5.4 6.0 Rochester clay 1 0.13 6.6 5.7 5 Alta clay loam 5 0.45 0.12 0.31 0.64 0.38 0.44 0.51 6.7 0.2 6.5 6.9 6.5 6.8 6.8 6.2 0.1 6.1 6.4 6.1 6.2 6.3 Group average 6 0.40 0.17 0.13 0.64 0.31 0.42 0.47 6.7 0.2 6.5 6.9 6.5 6.7 6.8 6.1 0.2 5.7 6.4 6.1 6.2 6.3 Wallenjoe clay 1 0.21 7.1 6.6

6 Carag clay 4 0.10 0.01 0.08 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.11 5.8 0.4 5.5 6.4 5.6 5.7 6.1 5.2 0.4 4.9 5.7 5.0 5.1 5.4 Group average 5 0.12 0.05 0.08 0.21 0.09 0.10 0.14 6.1 0.7 5.5 7.1 5.6 5.7 6.6 5.5 0.7 4.9 6.6 5.0 5.1 5.9 Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR 47

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Table 7.1 EC, pH (H2O), pH (CaCl2) of Horizon B1 - MV irrigation area

Soil No of EC (dS/m) pH (H2O) pH (CaCl2) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 Sandmount sand 4 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 5.4 0.2 5.2 5.7 5.3 5.4 5.6 4.7 0.2 4.5 5.0 4.6 4.7 4.9 1S* Sandmount sand phase 4 0.10 0.01 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.10 8.7 0.1 8.6 8.8 8.7 8.8 8.8 7.7 0.1 7.5 7.8 7.6 7.7 7.8 Group average 8 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.10 0.04 0.07 0.10 7.1 1.8 5.2 8.8 5.4 7.2 8.8 6.2 1.6 4.5 7.8 4.7 6.3 7.7 Similar range Ss to Csl 2 0.08 0.07 0.08 7.2 6.6 7.7 6.6 6.1 7.1 1D* Group average** 57 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.30 0.07 0.08 0.10 7.0 0.7 5.9 8.8 6.6 6.9 7.2 6.1 0.6 5.1 7.7 5.7 6.0 6.4 Waaia loam 4 0.19 0.05 0.15 0.25 0.16 0.17 0.22 7.6 0.8 6.4 8.3 7.1 7.8 8.1 6.9 1.0 5.5 7.8 6.3 7.1 7.5 Waaia loam phase 4 0.22 0.07 0.17 0.33 0.18 0.20 0.27 7.1 0.4 6.6 7.6 6.8 7.2 7.5 6.5 0.3 6.0 6.8 6.3 6.6 6.7 2 Cobram loam 6 0.19 0.17 0.04 0.48 0.06 0.12 0.30 7.6 0.9 6.5 8.8 7.0 7.4 8.5 6.8 1.0 5.6 8.0 6.2 6.7 7.9 Moira loam friable phase 7 0.16 0.08 0.04 0.26 0.08 0.18 0.23 6.9 1.0 6.0 8.5 6.2 6.4 7.8 6.0 1.3 4.9 7.8 5.1 5.5 7.3 Group average 21 0.18 0.11 0.04 0.48 0.12 0.18 0.24 7.3 0.9 6.0 8.8 6.5 7.1 7.9 6.5 1.0 4.9 8.0 5.6 6.6 7.3 Moira loam 1 0.07 6.9 6.1 3 Naring loam 4 0.07 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.06 0.07 0.09 7.4 0.9 6.3 8.3 6.7 7.6 8.2 6.4 0.9 5.1 7.3 5.7 6.6 7.1 Group average 5 0.07 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.06 0.07 0.09 7.3 0.8 6.3 8.3 6.8 7.1 8.1 6.3 0.8 5.1 7.3 5.9 6.3 6.9 Ulupna clay 1 0.09 6.3 5.3 5 Group average** 12 0.28 0.17 0.09 0.64 0.14 0.24 0.35 7.5 0.4 6.3 7.9 7.5 7.7 7.7 6.8 0.5 5.3 7.3 6.9 6.9 6.9

Muckatah clay loam 3 0.11 0.08 0.06 0.20 7.4 0.5 7.0 8.0 6.5 0.6 6.2 7.2 SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic Boosey loam friable phase 4 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.09 0.05 0.07 0.08 6.7 0.6 6.1 7.2 6.2 6.7 7.2 5.6 0.6 5.1 6.1 5.1 5.6 6.1 6 Boosey loam 1 0.09 7.0 6.0 Group average 8 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.20 0.06 0.07 0.09 7.0 0.6 6.1 8.0 6.6 7.1 7.2 6.0 0.7 5.1 7.2 5.6 6.1 6.2 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 7.2 EC, pH (H2O), pH (CaCl2) of Horizon B1 - SCG irrigation area

Soil No of EC (dS/m) pH (H2O) pH (CaCl2) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 East Shepparton fine sandy loam 11 0.08 0.02 0.05 0.14 0.07 0.08 0.09 7.8 0.9 5.9 8.8 7.1 8.0 8.3 6.7 0.5 5.5 7.5 6.4 6.9 7.0 1D* Group average** 57 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.30 0.07 0.08 0.10 7.0 0.7 5.9 8.8 6.6 6.9 7.2 6.1 0.6 5.1 7.7 5.7 6.0 6.4 Katamatite loam 4 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.14 0.05 0.08 0.12 7.3 0.8 6.3 8.2 6.7 7.4 8.0 6.4 0.8 5.4 7.3 5.7 6.4 7.1 2 Shepparton fine sandy loam 48 0.11 0.11 0.04 0.84 0.08 0.09 0.10 6.8 0.5 6.1 8.7 6.5 6.7 6.9 5.9 0.5 5.2 8.2 5.6 5.8 6.1 Group average 52 0.10 0.11 0.04 0.84 0.07 0.09 0.10 6.8 0.5 6.1 8.7 6.5 6.7 7.0 6.0 0.6 5.2 8.2 5.6 5.8 6.1 Lemnos loam friable phase 8 0.06 0.02 0.04 0.09 0.05 0.06 0.08 6.7 0.6 5.8 7.5 6.4 6.8 7.2 5.8 0.5 5.1 6.5 5.4 5.7 6.1 Lemnos loam semi friable phase 4 0.10 0.04 0.06 0.15 0.07 0.10 0.14 6.2 0.4 5.9 6.8 6.0 6.1 6.5 5.5 0.6 5.0 6.3 5.2 5.4 5.9 3 Lemnos loam 20 0.14 0.08 0.05 0.30 0.08 0.11 0.21 7.3 0.6 6.3 8.8 7.0 7.3 7.7 6.5 0.8 5.5 8.3 6.1 6.3 6.8 Goulburn loam friable phase 4 0.11 0.11 0.06 0.27 0.06 0.06 0.17 7.6 0.7 7.1 8.6 7.2 7.4 8.1 6.7 0.8 6.2 7.8 6.2 6.4 7.2 Group average 36 0.12 0.08 0.04 0.30 0.06 0.09 0.15 7.1 0.7 5.8 8.8 6.7 7.1 7.5 6.3 0.8 5.0 8.3 5.8 6.2 6.5 Goulburn loam 17 0.13 0.15 0.04 0.52 0.06 0.08 0.12 7.1 0.4 6.4 7.8 6.8 7.1 7.5 6.3 0.5 5.5 7.4 5.9 6.3 6.6 4 Goulburn clay loam 4 0.06 0.02 0.04 0.09 0.04 0.06 0.08 6.7 0.4 6.2 7.0 6.4 6.7 7.0 5.8 0.2 5.5 6.0 5.7 5.9 6.0 Group average 21 0.12 0.13 0.04 0.52 0.06 0.07 0.11 7.0 0.5 6.2 7.8 6.7 6.9 7.5 6.2 0.5 5.5 7.4 5.8 6.3 6.5 Congupna clay loam 5 0.18 0.06 0.13 0.27 0.13 0.14 0.23 7.7 0.1 7.6 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.0 0.2 6.9 7.3 6.9 6.9 7.1 5 Group average** 12 0.28 0.17 0.09 0.64 0.14 0.24 0.35 7.5 0.4 6.3 7.9 7.5 7.7 7.7 6.8 0.5 5.3 7.3 6.9 6.9 6.9

6 Congupna clay 4 0.06 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 6.5 0.5 6.1 7.1 6.2 6.3 6.8 5.7 0.5 5.3 6.3 5.4 5.5 6.0 Group average** 17 0.09 0.05 0.04 0.21 0.06 0.07 0.10 7.0 0.6 6.1 8.0 6.4 7.1 7.2 6.1 0.6 5.1 7.3 5.6 6.1 6.3 Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR

49

50

Table 7.3 EC, pH (H2O), pH (CaCl2) of Horizon B1 - RC irrigation area

Soil No of EC (dS/m) pH (H2O) pH (CaCl2) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 Nanneella fine sandy loam 44 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.30 0.07 0.08 0.10 6.8 0.5 5.9 8.3 6.6 6.8 7.1 6.0 0.5 5.1 7.7 5.7 5.9 6.1 1D* Group average** 57 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.30 0.07 0.08 0.10 7.0 0.7 5.9 8.8 6.6 6.9 7.2 6.1 0.6 5.1 7.7 5.7 6.0 6.4 Timmering loam 11 0.21 0.21 0.08 0.81 0.10 0.13 0.27 7.6 0.5 6.8 8.4 7.4 7.7 7.9 6.7 0.5 5.8 7.8 6.5 6.6 7.0 2 Group average** 84 0.14 0.13 0.04 0.84 0.08 0.10 0.15 7.0 0.7 6.0 8.8 6.5 6.9 7.5 6.2 0.7 4.9 8.2 5.7 5.9 6.6 Wanalta loam 16 0.30 0.28 0.07 1.10 0.11 0.22 0.37 7.3 0.8 5.8 9.1 6.8 7.3 7.7 6.6 0.9 5.4 8.5 6.0 6.6 7.2 3 Group average** 57 0.16 0.18 0.04 1.10 0.07 0.10 0.21 7.2 0.7 5.8 9.1 6.7 7.1 7.5 6.4 0.8 5.0 8.5 5.9 6.2 6.8 Wana loam 1 0.37 8.0 7.7 Koyuga clay loam 2 0.31 0.17 0.45 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.1 5.9 6.2 4 Koga clay loam 2 0.29 0.27 0.30 7.6 7.5 7.6 6.8 6.7 6.8 Group average 5 0.31 0.11 0.17 0.45 0.25 0.30 0.39 7.3 0.6 6.6 8.0 6.7 7.5 7.7 6.7 0.7 5.9 7.7 6.1 6.7 7.0 Rochester clay 1 0.24 7.7 6.9 5 Alta clay loam 5 0.42 0.16 0.24 0.64 0.29 0.40 0.55 7.5 0.1 7.3 7.7 7.4 7.5 7.6 6.9 0.1 6.8 7.0 6.8 6.9 6.9 Group average 6 0.39 0.16 0.24 0.64 0.24 0.35 0.52 7.5 0.2 7.3 7.7 7.4 7.5 7.7 6.9 0.1 6.8 7.0 6.8 6.9 6.9 Wallenjoe clay 1 0.21 7.8 7.3 6 Carag clay 4 0.11 0.03 0.07 0.14 0.08 0.11 0.13 7.3 0.4 7.0 7.8 7.1 7.2 7.6 6.4 0.3 6.1 6.8 6.2 6.3 6.6

Group average 5 0.13 0.05 0.07 0.21 0.09 0.12 0.16 7.4 0.4 7.0 7.8 7.1 7.3 7.8 6.6 0.5 6.1 7.3 6.2 6.4 6.9 SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 8.1 Exchangeable cations of Horizon A - MV irrigation area

No. Exchangeable Cations (meq/100g) Soil Soil Type of Ca Mg Na K Group Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 Sandmount sand 4 1.7 0.5 1.0 2.0 1.4 1.9 2.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 1S* Sandmount sand phase 4 4.2 0.4 3.9 4.7 4.0 4.1 4.4 2.6 0.3 2.3 2.9 2.42.62.80.70.10.60.80.70.70.80.70.10.60.70.60.70.7 Group average 8 2.9 1.4 1.0 4.7 1.9 3.0 4.1 1.5 1.2 0.2 2.9 0.3 1.4 2.6 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.7 Similar range Ss to Csl 2 6.3 6.0 6.5 5.3 5.1 5.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.2 1.0 1.3 1D* Group average** 57 6.3 1.8 2.0 11.0 4.9 6.7 7.6 3.7 1.0 0.4 5.6 3.3 3.9 4.4 0.7 0.5 0.1 3.4 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.1 2.1 0.3 0.6 0.9 Waaia loam 4 5.8 0.8 4.7 6.7 5.2 5.9 6.4 4.0 1.7 1.9 5.4 2.6 4.3 5.4 1.1 0.7 0.3 2.1 0.7 1.1 1.6 0.5 0.5 0.2 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.7 Waaia loam phase 4 7.3 1.2 5.8 8.7 6.4 7.3 8.2 3.9 0.6 3.4 4.7 3.4 3.7 4.4 1.1 0.2 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.8 0.7 0.7 2.2 1.4 2.1 2.2 2 Cobram loam 6 6.9 1.2 5.6 8.4 6.1 6.5 8.2 3.5 1.7 2.0 6.7 2.3 3.1 3.8 0.7 0.8 0.2 2.2 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.2 2.2 0.2 0.6 1.2 Moira loam friable phase 7 5.7 2.8 4.1 12.0 4.3 4.7 5.4 2.7 1.7 1.0 5.3 1.8 1.9 4.4 0.6 0.2 0.4 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.2 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.9 Group average 21 6.4 1.9 4.1 12.0 5.2 6.0 7.1 3.4 1.5 1.0 6.7 2.0 3.4 4.8 0.8 0.6 0.2 2.2 0.4 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.2 2.2 0.2 0.7 1.2 Moira loam 1 3.8 1.8 0.3 0.9 3 Naring loam 4 4.8 0.5 4.3 5.5 4.5 4.6 5.1 3.3 0.5 2.8 4.0 2.9 3.2 3.7 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.5 Group average 5 4.6 0.6 3.8 5.5 4.2 4.6 4.8 3.0 0.8 1.8 4.0 2.6 3.0 3.6 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.7 Ulupna clay 1 7.2 6.8 1.1 0.8 5 Group average** 12 9.7 2.5 5.9 15.0 7.8 9.5 11.5 7.0 1.3 5.0 10.0 6.4 6.9 7.6 1.3 0.6 0.5 2.4 0.8 1.4 1.8 1.0 0.3 0.4 1.4 0.9 1.0 1.3 Muckatah clay loam 3 6.4 1.8 5.2 8.4 4.5 3.2 1.7 8.0 0.8 0.7 0.1 1.5 1.1 0.8 0.5 1.9 Boosey loam friable phase 4 5.0 0.5 4.5 5.7 4.6 4.8 5.3 1.4 0.4 1.01.81.11.41.70.40.10.20.50.30.40.50.30.10.20.50.20.30.4 6 Boosey loam 1 6.2 3.2 0.7 0.2 Group average 8 5.6 1.2 4.5 8.4 4.8 5.4 6.0 2.8 2.3 1.0 8.0 1.4 1.8 3.6 0.6 0.4 0.1 1.5 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.2 1.9 0.2 0.4 0.7 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR

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Table 8.2 Exchangeable cations of Horizon A - SCG irrigation area

No. Exchangeable Cations (meq/100g) Soil Soil Type of Ca Mg Na K Group Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 East Shepparton fine sandy loam 11 4.0 0.7 2.9 5.8 3.7 3.9 4.0 2.5 1.3 0.4 4.1 1.2 3.2 3.4 1.2 1.0 0.1 3.4 0.3 1.0 1.7 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.6 1D* Group average** 57 6.3 1.8 2.0 11.0 4.9 6.7 7.6 3.7 1.0 0.4 5.6 3.3 3.9 4.4 0.7 0.5 0.1 3.4 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.1 2.1 0.3 0.6 0.9 Katamatite loam 4 5.2 3.2 3.2 10.0 3.3 3.8 7.1 2.1 1.6 0.9 4.3 1.0 1.6 3.1 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.1 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.7 2 Shepparton fine sandy loam 48 5.3 0.9 3.2 7.5 4.7 5.5 6.0 3.4 0.8 1.3 6.3 3.3 3.5 3.8 0.9 0.5 0.1 3.9 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.4 Group average 52 5.3 1.2 3.2 10.0 4.6 5.4 6.0 3.3 0.9 0.9 6.3 3.2 3.5 3.8 0.9 0.5 0.1 3.9 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.4 Lemnos loam friable phase 8 4.0 1.0 3.1 6.1 3.3 3.7 4.4 1.9 0.3 1.4 2.3 1.7 1.9 2.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.3 1.6 0.3 0.3 0.9 Lemnos loam semi friable phase 4 3.7 0.4 3.1 4.0 3.5 3.9 4.0 1.2 0.2 0.9 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 3 Lemnos loam 20 6.8 2.2 3.9 12.0 5.3 6.1 8.6 3.8 1.5 1.4 7.1 2.9 3.5 4.4 1.1 1.0 0.2 4.6 0.5 0.7 1.3 0.7 0.4 0.1 1.5 0.4 0.7 1.1 Goulburn loam friable phase 4 3.9 0.2 3.6 4.1 3.7 3.9 4.1 2.3 0.6 1.9 3.1 2.0 2.1 2.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 Group average 36 5.5 2.2 3.1 12.0 3.9 4.8 6.5 2.9 1.5 0.9 7.1 1.9 2.8 3.6 0.8 0.9 0.1 4.6 0.3 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.1 1.6 0.3 0.4 0.9 Goulburn loam 17 5.6 1.4 3.5 9.4 4.6 5.5 6.3 3.1 1.3 1.8 6.5 2.2 2.9 4.1 0.8 1.2 0.2 4.2 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.2 1.3 0.3 0.7 1.1 4 Goulburn clay loam 4 5.2 0.8 4.0 5.9 4.7 5.5 5.8 1.1 0.4 0.6 1.6 0.8 1.1 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.4 0.5 1.4 0.5 0.6 1.1 Group average 21 5.6 1.3 3.5 9.4 4.6 5.5 6.1 2.7 1.4 0.6 6.5 1.9 2.3 3.4 0.7 1.1 0.1 4.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.2 1.4 0.4 0.7 1.1 Congupna clay loam 5 11.9 2.0 9.5 15.0 10.6 12.0 12.8 6.7 2.0 5.0 10.0 5.3 6.3 7.5 0.8 0.3 0.5 1.3 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.2 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.3 5 Group average** 12 9.7 2.5 5.9 15.0 7.8 9.5 11.5 7.0 1.3 5.0 10.0 6.4 6.9 7.6 1.3 0.6 0.5 2.4 0.8 1.4 1.8 1.0 0.3 0.4 1.4 0.9 1.0 1.3

6 Congupna clay 4 4.6 1.1 3.8 6.2 4.0 4.2 5.3 2.4 0.9 1.8 3.8 1.8 2.1 3.1 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.6 Group average** 17 5.9 2.9 3.8 16.0 4.3 5.2 6.2 3.4 2.2 1.0 8.6 1.8 3.2 4.0 0.5 0.3 0.1 1.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.2 2.9 0.2 0.4 0.7 Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR

SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 8.3 Exchangeable cations of Horizon A - RC irrigation area

No. Exchangeable Cations (meq/100g) Soil Soil Type of Ca Mg Na K Group Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 Nanneella fine sandy loam 44 6.9 1.6 2.0 11.0 6.2 7.1 8.0 4.0 0.7 2.3 5.6 3.6 4.0 4.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 1.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.1 2.1 0.3 0.5 1.1 1D* Group average** 57 6.3 1.8 2.0 11.0 4.9 6.7 7.6 3.7 1.0 0.4 5.6 3.3 3.9 4.4 0.7 0.5 0.1 3.4 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.1 2.1 0.3 0.6 0.9 Timmering loam 11 6.7 2.2 3.4 10.0 5.4 6.8 8.3 4.2 2.0 2.3 9.1 2.8 3.4 5.3 1.0 1.1 0.4 4.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.1 1.4 0.2 0.4 0.6 2 Group average** 84 5.8 1.6 3.2 12.0 4.7 5.7 6.2 3.4 1.3 0.9 9.1 2.8 3.4 3.9 0.9 0.6 0.1 4.4 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.1 2.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 Wanalta loam 16 7.7 3.2 4.8 18.0 5.6 7.2 9.0 6.1 2.0 3.0 8.7 4.1 6.3 7.7 1.1 0.7 0.3 2.9 0.6 1.0 1.5 0.6 0.4 0.2 1.4 0.3 0.4 1.0 3 Group average** 57 6.0 2.7 3.1 18.0 4.0 5.4 7.3 3.8 2.1 0.9 8.7 2.1 3.1 5.3 0.8 0.8 0.1 4.6 0.3 0.6 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.1 1.6 0.3 0.4 0.9 Wana loam 1 13.0 5.5 0.1 0.6 Koyuga clay loam 2 3.6 3.1 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.2 1.2 1.0 1.4 0.4 0.2 0.6 4 Koga clay loam 2 7.8 7.5 8.1 4.3 3.5 5.1 1.1 0.7 1.5 0.6 0.4 0.7 Group average 5 7.1 3.9 3.1 13.0 3.8 7.5 9.3 4.4 0.8 3.5 5.5 3.8 4.2 5.2 0.9 0.6 0.1 1.5 0.6 1.0 1.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.6 Rochester clay 1 5.9 7.2 1.7 0.4 5 Alta clay loam 5 8.8 1.0 7.8 9.8 7.8 9.2 9.6 7.3 0.7 6.5 8.2 6.8 7.2 8.0 1.8 0.4 1.4 2.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.1 0.3 0.8 1.4 0.9 0.9 1.3 Group average 6 8.3 1.5 5.9 9.8 7.8 8.5 9.5 7.3 0.6 6.5 8.2 6.9 7.2 7.9 1.8 0.3 1.4 2.4 1.7 1.8 1.8 0.9 0.4 0.4 1.4 0.8 0.9 1.3 Wallenjoe clay 1 16.0 8.6 0.6 2.9 6 Carag clay 4 5.4 1.5 4.1 7.0 4.2 5.3 6.7 4.2 1.2 3.2 5.7 3.3 3.9 5.1 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.6 Group average 5 7.5 4.9 4.1 16.0 4.2 6.3 9.3 5.0 2.2 3.2 8.6 3.3 4.4 6.4 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.3 2.9 0.3 0.6 1.3 Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR

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Table 9.1 Exchangeable cations of Horizon B1 - MV irrigation area

No. Exchangeable Cations (meq/100g) Soil Soil Type of Ca Mg Na K Group Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 Sandmount sand 4 1.0 0.5 0.7 1.7 0.8 0.9 1.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 1S* Sandmount sand phase 4 2.8 0.7 2.2 3.8 2.3 2.5 3.3 1.9 0.2 1.7 2.2 1.8 1.9 2.1 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.7 Group average 8 1.9 1.1 0.7 3.8 0.9 2.0 2.5 1.1 0.9 0.1 2.2 0.2 1.0 1.9 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.7 Similar range Ss to Csl 2 4.1 3.5 4.7 2.5 1.9 3.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.8 1D* Group average** 57 5.8 2.0 2.0 10.0 4.5 6.2 7.2 3.8 1.4 0.5 6.5 3.0 4.0 4.6 0.7 0.4 0.1 2.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.1 1.5 0.3 0.4 0.6 Waaia loam 4 9.9 5.3 4.3 17.0 6.6 9.1 13.2 5.2 2.3 3.2 7.7 3.3 5.0 7.2 1.4 0.8 0.3 2.1 0.9 1.6 1.9 0.7 0.8 0.3 1.9 0.3 0.4 1.2 Waaia loam phase 4 8.0 0.7 7.4 8.9 7.5 7.8 8.4 5.4 0.5 5.0 6.1 5.1 5.2 5.7 1.0 0.3 0.5 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.7 0.8 1.0 2.8 1.1 1.6 2.4 2 Cobram loam 6 5.9 2.3 2.9 8.6 3.7 6.2 7.6 5.4 2.6 1.8 8.7 3.1 5.8 7.1 1.5 1.6 0.3 4.2 0.4 0.7 2.6 1.0 0.8 0.2 2.0 0.3 0.7 2.0 Moira loam friable phase 7 5.7 4.7 2.0 16.0 3.3 3.9 6.2 4.6 1.8 2.6 7.2 2.9 4.9 5.7 1.4 1.0 0.5 2.9 0.6 0.9 2.2 0.5 0.4 0.2 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.8 Group average 21 7.0 3.9 2.0 17.0 3.9 7.1 8.7 5.1 1.9 1.8 8.7 3.2 5.1 6.5 1.4 1.0 0.3 4.2 0.5 1.1 2.1 0.9 0.8 0.2 2.8 0.3 0.5 1.3 Moira loam 1 6.4 4.7 0.5 0.9 3 Naring loam 4 4.8 2.6 2.5 7.1 2.6 4.9 7.1 5.2 3.9 1.5 9.7 1.9 4.7 8.4 1.1 0.7 0.5 2.0 0.6 1.0 1.7 0.5 0.5 0.1 1.1 0.1 0.3 0.8 Group average 5 5.1 2.4 2.5 7.1 2.6 6.4 7.1 5.1 3.4 1.5 9.7 2.1 4.7 7.8 1.0 0.6 0.5 2.0 0.5 0.7 1.5 0.6 0.4 0.1 1.1 0.1 0.6 0.9 Ulupna clay 1 3.4 3.7 1.0 0.2 5 Group average** 12 8.8 2.6 3.4 14.0 7.5 9.1 9.7 8.9 3.0 3.7 13.0 6.4 9.8 11.5 2.4 1.4 0.7 4.3 1.1 2.3 3.7 1.4 0.7 0.2 2.6 0.9 1.4 1.9 Muckatah clay loam 3 6.9 2.5 5.4 9.7 5.8 3.7 3.0 10.0 1.2 1.2 0.2 2.6 1.0 0.4 0.5 1.2 Boosey loam friable phase 4 5.5 1.6 3.2 6.5 4.5 6.1 6.5 4.4 2.2 1.3 6.4 3.0 4.9 5.7 0.8 0.5 0.2 1.3 0.5 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.8

6 SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic Boosey loam 1 7.5 5.8 1.2 0.5 Group average 8 6.3 1.9 3.2 9.7 5.5 6.1 7.0 5.1 2.6 1.3 10.0 3.7 4.9 6.1 1.0 0.8 0.2 2.6 0.5 0.9 1.3 0.7 0.4 0.2 1.2 0.5 0.6 1.1 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 9.2 Exchangeable cations of Horizon B1 - SCG irrigation area

No. Exchangeable Cations (meq/100g) Soil Soil Type of Ca Mg Na K Group Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 East Shepparton fine sandy loam 11 3.4 1.1 2.0 5.7 2.5 3.5 4.3 1.9 1.0 0.5 3.7 1.2 1.6 2.6 1.1 0.8 0.1 2.3 0.3 1.1 1.5 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.7 1D* Group average** 57 5.8 2.0 2.0 10.0 4.5 6.2 7.2 3.8 1.4 0.5 6.5 3.0 4.0 4.6 0.7 0.4 0.1 2.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.1 1.5 0.3 0.4 0.6 Katamatite loam 4 3.4 1.6 2.4 5.8 2.5 2.7 4.3 2.3 1.7 1.1 4.7 1.2 1.7 3.4 0.8 0.4 0.4 1.3 0.4 0.8 1.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.5 2 Shepparton fine sandy loam 48 5.4 1.1 3.5 7.5 4.6 5.5 6.4 3.8 1.3 2.1 8.5 2.8 3.5 4.4 1.1 0.8 0.2 5.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.5 0.3 0.1 1.8 0.3 0.4 0.6 Group average 52 5.2 1.2 2.4 7.5 4.4 5.3 6.4 3.6 1.3 1.1 8.5 2.8 3.4 4.4 1.1 0.8 0.2 5.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.5 0.3 0.1 1.8 0.3 0.4 0.6 Lemnos loam friable phase 8 3.9 0.7 2.6 4.7 3.6 3.8 4.5 4.1 1.3 2.2 5.9 3.1 4.1 5.4 0.7 0.4 0.2 1.4 0.3 0.5 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.3 1.4 0.4 0.4 1.1 Lemnos loam semi friable phase 4 6.0 2.4 4.2 9.5 4.5 5.1 7.4 3.8 1.0 2.5 4.9 3.1 3.8 4.5 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 1.1 0.3 0.4 0.8 3 Lemnos loam 20 5.1 2.5 1.9 14.0 3.8 4.9 5.7 4.3 1.8 1.6 7.5 2.8 4.0 5.7 1.5 1.1 0.3 4.8 0.8 1.3 2.0 0.6 0.4 0.2 1.4 0.3 0.6 0.9 Goulburn loam friable phase 4 6.6 0.6 6.0 7.4 6.2 6.6 7.1 7.6 1.7 5.2 9.4 6.5 7.8 8.7 1.4 1.3 0.6 3.3 0.7 1.0 2.2 1.1 0.2 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.2 Group average 36 5.1 2.1 1.9 14.0 3.8 4.7 5.9 4.6 1.9 1.6 9.4 3.1 4.3 5.8 1.2 1.0 0.2 4.8 0.5 0.8 1.6 0.7 0.4 0.2 1.4 0.3 0.6 1.0 Goulburn loam 17 5.7 2.0 2.6 9.6 4.0 5.8 7.1 4.1 1.4 1.4 6.4 3.1 4.4 5.2 1.1 1.1 0.2 3.8 0.5 0.7 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.2 1.4 0.4 0.6 0.9 4 Goulburn clay loam 4 6.2 1.7 3.8 7.7 4.9 6.6 7.5 3.4 1.3 1.5 4.3 2.5 3.8 4.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.6 Group average 21 5.8 1.9 2.6 9.6 4.0 6.0 7.2 4.0 1.4 1.4 6.4 3.1 4.3 5.0 0.9 1.0 0.2 3.8 0.4 0.6 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.2 1.4 0.4 0.6 0.8 Congupna clay loam 5 10.1 2.7 6.8 14.0 8.6 9.4 11.8 7.9 2.8 5.4 12.0 5.9 6.6 10.1 1.1 0.4 0.7 1.6 0.7 1.1 1.5 1.2 0.2 0.9 1.4 0.9 1.2 1.3 5 Group average** 12 8.8 2.6 3.4 14.0 7.5 9.1 9.7 8.9 3.0 3.7 13.0 6.4 9.8 11.5 2.4 1.4 0.7 4.3 1.1 2.3 3.7 1.4 0.7 0.2 2.6 0.9 1.4 1.9

6 Congupna clay 4 3.0 0.2 2.8 3.2 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.3 0.6 2.7 4.0 2.9 3.2 3.7 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.5 Group average** 17 6.3 3.1 2.8 15.0 3.2 6.5 7.5 6.0 3.2 1.3 11.0 3.2 5.0 9.8 1.0 0.7 0.2 2.6 0.5 1.0 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.2 2.2 0.4 0.5 1.0 Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR

55

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Table 9.3 Exchangeable cations of Horizon B1 - RC irrigation area

No. Exchangeable Cations (meq/100g) Soil Soil Type of Ca Mg Na K Group Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 Nanneella fine sandy loam 44 6.5 1.6 2.0 10.0 5.8 6.6 7.4 4.4 1.0 1.9 6.5 3.8 4.3 4.9 0.7 0.3 0.3 1.7 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.1 1.5 0.2 0.4 0.5 1D* Group average** 57 5.8 2.0 2.0 10.0 4.5 6.2 7.2 3.8 1.4 0.5 6.5 3.0 4.0 4.6 0.7 0.4 0.1 2.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.1 1.5 0.3 0.4 0.6 Timmering loam 11 6.5 1.4 3.9 9.1 5.8 6.7 7.2 6.2 1.3 4.9 8.1 5.3 5.5 7.7 2.0 1.1 1.0 5.0 1.6 1.8 2.1 0.6 0.5 0.2 1.9 0.3 0.4 0.7 2 Group average** 84 5.8 2.3 2.0 17.0 4.4 5.6 6.8 4.3 1.7 1.1 8.7 3.0 4.2 5.4 1.3 0.9 0.2 5.6 0.8 1.1 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.1 2.8 0.3 0.4 0.7 Wanalta loam 16 7.8 3.2 4.2 18.0 6.0 6.9 8.6 7.9 1.9 4.0 10.0 6.9 8.4 9.6 1.8 1.0 0.3 3.7 1.1 1.5 2.9 0.7 0.3 0.2 1.2 0.4 0.7 1.0 3 Group average** 57 5.8 2.7 1.9 18.0 4.2 5.4 6.8 5.6 2.5 1.5 10.0 3.5 5.0 7.6 1.3 1.0 0.2 4.8 0.6 1.1 1.8 0.7 0.4 0.1 1.4 0.4 0.7 1.0 Wana loam 1 17.0 13.0 0.9 0.8 Koyuga clay loam 2 6.2 4.4 7.9 8.6 7.5 9.6 2.0 1.7 2.2 0.7 0.4 1.0 4 Koga clay loam 2 8.1 7.4 8.7 8.8 8.2 9.3 3.1 2.1 4.0 0.5 0.4 0.5 Group average 5 9.1 4.7 4.4 17.0 6.7 7.9 10.8 9.5 2.1 7.5 13.0 8.0 9.3 10.5 2.2 1.1 0.9 4.0 1.5 2.1 2.7 0.6 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.4 0.5 0.8 Rochester clay 1 8.1 13.0 3.4 0.5 5 Alta clay loam 5 8.7 1.2 6.7 9.9 8.4 8.9 9.4 10.2 1.5 7.9 12.0 9.5 10.0 11.3 3.7 0.6 2.9 4.3 3.2 4.0 4.2 2.0 0.3 1.8 2.6 1.9 1.9 2.2 Group average 6 8.6 1.1 6.7 9.9 8.1 8.9 9.2 10.7 1.8 7.9 13.0 10.0 10.5 12.0 3.7 0.5 2.9 4.3 3.3 3.7 4.1 1.8 0.7 0.5 2.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 Wallenjoe clay 1 15.0 9.9 1.2 2.2 6 Carag clay 4 7.6 0.5 7.0 8.2 7.3 7.6 7.9 9.8 1.1 8.4 11.0 9.1 9.9 10.5 1.6 0.6 1.0 2.2 1.1 1.7 2.2 0.8 0.4 0.4 1.3 0.5 0.8 1.1 Group average 5 9.1 3.3 7.0 15.0 7.4 7.6 9.9 9.8 0.9 8.4 11.0 9.5 9.9 10.2 1.5 0.6 1.0 2.2 1.1 1.2 2.1 1.1 0.7 0.4 2.2 0.6 0.9 1.5 Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR

Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 10.1 Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of Horizon A - MV irrigation area

Soil No of ESP Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 Sandmount sand 4 2.8 1.6 1.8 5.2 1.9 2.2 3.8 1S* Sandmount sand phase 4 8.8 1.0 8.2 10.3 8.2 8.4 9.4 Group average 8 5.8 3.4 1.8 10.3 2.2 6.7 8.4 Similar range Ss to Csl 2 2.4 2.2 2.6 1D* Group average** 57 6.2 5.5 1.3 31.3 3.6 4.5 5.7 Waaia loam 4 10.1 7.4 3.4 20.7 5.5 8.2 14.7 Waaia loam phase 4 7.8 1.6 5.8 9.3 6.4 8.0 9.1 2 Cobram loam 6 5.1 4.0 2.5 12.7 2.6 3.1 6.5 Moira loam friable phase 7 6.9 2.0 2.8 8.8 6.2 7.1 8.5 Group average 21 7.1 4.1 2.5 20.7 3.4 7.1 8.7 Moira loam 1 3.7 3 Naring loam 4 6.5 1.2 4.9 7.9 5.7 6.7 7.4

Group average 5 6.0 1.7 3.7 7.9 4.6 6.5 7.2 Ulupna clay 1 6.9 5 Group average** 12 7.1 3.4 2.9 13.6 4.3 7.3 9.2 Muckatah clay loam 3 5.2 3.0 1.8 7.6 Boosey loam friable phase 4 5.5 1.5 3.3 6.4 4.6 6.1 6.3 6 Boosey loam 1 7.2 Group average 8 5.6 2.0 1.8 7.6 4.6 6.3 6.8 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR 57

58

Table 10.2 Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of Horizon A - SCG irrigation area

Soil No of ESP Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 East Shepparton fine sandy loam 11 12.9 9.0 1.3 31.3 5.7 11.2 17.2 1D* Group average** 57 6.2 5.5 1.3 31.3 3.6 4.5 5.7 Katamatite loam 4 5.5 0.3 5.2 6.0 5.3 5.5 5.8 2 Shepparton fine sandy loam 48 8.6 3.2 2.0 22.3 7.5 8.6 9.5 Group average 52 8.3 3.1 2.0 22.3 6.9 8.3 9.4 Lemnos loam friable phase 8 4.5 1.4 2.8 6.4 3.3 4.5 5.8 Lemnos loam semi friable phase 4 1.8 0.5 1.5 2.5 1.5 1.6 2.1 3 Lemnos loam 20 8.9 6.7 2.3 25.5 3.7 6.5 12.2 Goulburn loam friable phase 4 6.9 2.6 5.3 10.8 5.4 5.8 8.4 Group average 36 6.9 5.6 1.5 25.5 3.1 5.3 10.4 Goulburn loam 17 6.3 5.8 1.9 23.0 3.1 4.2 6.4 4 Goulburn clay loam 4 1.9 0.5 1.5 2.6 1.5 1.7 2.2 Group average 21 5.5 5.5 1.5 23.0 2.0 3.9 5.7

Congupna clay loam 5 3.9 0.9 2.9 4.8 2.9 3.9 4.8 SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic 5 Group average** 12 7.1 3.4 2.9 13.6 4.3 7.3 9.2

6 Congupna clay 4 4.8 1.6 3.4 7.1 3.7 4.3 5.9 Group average** 17 5.1 1.8 1.8 7.6 3.8 5.8 6.5 Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 10.3 Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of Horizon A - RC irrigation area

Soil No of ESP Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 Nanneella fine sandy loam 44 4.8 2.6 1.5 19.4 3.6 4.3 5.5 1D* Group average** 57 6.2 5.5 1.3 31.3 3.6 4.5 5.7 Timmering loam 11 7.5 4.4 3.0 19.0 4.6 6.4 9.2 2 Group average** 84 7.9 3.6 2.0 22.3 6.0 8.1 9.3 Wanalta loam 16 7.0 3.0 2.8 14.6 4.9 7.5 8.7 3 Group average** 57 6.9 4.7 1.5 25.5 3.6 5.6 8.6 Wana loam 1 0.5 Koyuga clay loam 2 13.1 10.6 15.6 4 Koga clay loam 2 7.8 5.9 9.7 Group average 5 8.5 5.6 0.5 15.6 4.6 9.7 11.8 Rochester clay 1 11.2 5 Alta clay loam 5 9.6 2.3 7.6 13.6 8.3 9.0 10.5

Group average 6 9.9 2.2 7.6 13.6 8.5 9.2 11.2 Wallenjoe clay 1 2.1 6 Carag clay 4 5.3 1.2 4.2 6.7 4.3 5.1 6.2 Group average 5 4.6 1.8 2.1 6.7 3.7 4.4 6.0 Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR 59

60

Table 11.1 Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of Horizon B1 - MV irrigation area

Soil No of ESP Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 Sandmount sand 4 4.5 2.0 2.3 6.5 2.9 4.7 6.1 1S* Sandmount sand phase 4 9.0 1.2 7.5 10.4 8.2 9.2 9.9 Group average 8 6.8 2.9 2.3 10.4 4.7 7.0 9.2 Similar range Ss to Csl 2 2.7 2.6 2.8 1D* Group average** 57 7.3 6.0 1.6 32.8 4.4 5.5 7.3 Waaia loam 4 9.9 8.3 1.5 21.3 4.6 8.4 15.2 Waaia loam phase 4 6.2 2.0 3.4 8.1 4.7 6.7 7.7 2 Cobram loam 6 9.9 9.9 2.2 28.8 4.3 5.9 12.4 Moira loam friable phase 7 12.8 7.9 2.1 23.8 6.5 13.7 19.3 Group average 21 10.2 7.7 1.5 28.8 4.8 7.6 14.3 Moira loam 1 4.2 3 Naring loam 4 10.5 2.5 6.8 12.3 8.9 11.5 12.1 Group average 5 9.2 3.6 4.2 12.3 6.1 11.0 12.0

Ulupna clay 1 12.0 SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic 5 Group average** 12 10.7 5.0 3.9 17.2 5.9 11.4 15.7 Muckatah clay loam 3 6.8 4.5 2.1 11.1 Boosey loam friable phase 4 6.7 2.1 3.7 8.6 5.5 7.3 8.0 6 Boosey loam 1 8.0 Group average 8 6.9 2.8 2.1 11.1 5.4 7.3 8.3 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 11.2 Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of Horizon B1 - SCG irrigation area

Soil No of ESP Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 East Shepparton fine sandy loam 11 14.5 10.7 1.6 32.8 5.2 13.6 22.7 1D* Group average** 57 7.3 6.0 1.6 32.8 4.4 5.5 7.3 Katamatite loam 4 11.8 3.8 8.2 17.0 9.3 11.1 14.4 2 Shepparton fine sandy loam 48 10.1 3.9 2.3 28.4 8.7 10.1 11.4 Group average 52 10.2 3.9 2.3 28.4 8.7 10.2 11.5 Lemnos loam friable phase 8 6.6 3.3 3.3 11.5 3.5 6.1 9.4 Lemnos loam semi friable phase 4 4.4 1.8 2.4 6.7 3.2 4.3 5.7 3 Lemnos loam 20 13.1 6.8 2.9 28.2 7.2 12.5 17.6 Goulburn loam friable phase 4 8.1 5.9 4.2 16.8 4.4 5.7 11.7 Group average 36 10.1 6.5 2.4 28.2 4.6 7.8 14.7 Goulburn loam 17 8.4 6.2 2.0 26.0 5.0 6.7 8.4 4 Goulburn clay loam 4 4.0 1.3 2.6 5.4 3.0 4.1 5.1

Group average 21 7.6 5.9 2.0 26.0 4.8 6.3 7.6 Congupna clay loam 5 5.4 1.0 3.9 6.4 4.9 5.5 6.2 5 Group average** 12 10.7 5.0 3.9 17.2 5.9 11.4 15.7

6 Congupna clay 4 6.7 6.1 7.6 6.1 6.6 7.3 Group average** 17 7.0 2.3 2.1 11.1 5.9 7.1 8.2 Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR 61

62

Table 11.3 Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of Horizon B1 - RC irrigation area

Soil No of ESP Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 Nanneella fine sandy loam 44 5.7 1.8 3.1 12.8 4.5 5.3 6.6 1D* Group average** 57 7.3 6.0 1.6 32.8 4.4 5.5 7.3 Timmering loam 11 12.9 4.2 7.4 22.8 10.3 11.7 15.1 2 Group average** 84 10.6 5.2 1.5 28.8 7.9 10.1 11.8 Wanalta loam 16 9.7 4.8 2.8 17.2 4.8 9.4 14.0 3 Group average** 57 9.9 5.8 2.4 28.2 4.8 8.5 13.2 Wana loam 1 2.8 Koyuga clay loam 2 11.3 10.9 11.7 4 Koga clay loam 2 14.7 11.5 17.9 Group average 5 11.0 5.3 2.8 17.9 8.9 11.5 13.2 Rochester clay 1 13.6 5 Alta clay loam 5 15.2 2.5 10.9 17.2 14.1 16.1 16.7 Group average 6 14.9 2.4 10.9 17.2 13.6 15.7 16.6

Wallenjoe clay 1 4.2 SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic 6 Carag clay 4 8.0 2.6 5.3 10.4 5.8 8.2 10.2 Group average 5 7.3 2.8 4.2 10.4 5.1 6.3 10.1 Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 12.1 Saturated hydraulic conductivity of Horizon A - MV irrigation area

Soil No of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Horizon A (mm/hr) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 Sandmount sand 4 254.2 140.6 57.2 366.9 153.9 296.4 354.6 1S* Sandmount sand phase 4 26.7 10.3 17.8 39.4 18.3 24.8 35.1 Group average 8 140.5 152.7 17.8 366.9 24.8 48.3 296.4 Similar range Ss to Csl 2 28.8 24.3 33.4 1D* Group average** 65 48.5 30.1 10.3 143.3 27.5 38.4 63.0 Waaia loam 10 25.3 12.6 13.6 49.9 15.0 20.9 35.7 Waaia loam phase 4 16.0 14.9 6.8 38.2 7.7 9.4 24.2 2 Cobram loam 12 22.5 12.6 6.5 44.9 12.5 20.6 29.4 Moira loam friable phase 10 16.5 9.0 4.4 30.3 10.5 14.4 25.3 Group average 36 20.9 12.0 4.4 49.9 11.2 16.6 29.9 Moira loam 2 16.1 12.8 19.4 3 Naring loam 8 20.7 12.1 6.6 39.4 12.1 17.7 30.2 Group average 10 19.8 11.0 6.6 39.4 12.8 17.3 23.1

Ulupna clay 2 44.8 37.2 52.5 5 Group average** 14 36.3 20.3 14.4 82.5 23.6 30.3 40.4 Muckatah clay loam 6 18.1 13.0 4.8 42.7 12.6 14.4 20.0 Boosey loam friable phase 4 9.7 1.5 8.3 11.0 8.4 9.7 10.9 6 Boosey loam 2 11.6 7.1 16.2 Group average 12 14.2 9.9 4.8 42.7 8.4 11.8 15.5 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR

63

64

Table 12.2 Saturated hydraulic conductivity of Horizon A - SCG irrigation area

Soil No of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Horizon A (mm/hr) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 East Shepparton fine sandy loam 14 58.7 38.4 10.3 143.3 27.2 49.0 80.9 1D* Group average** 65 48.5 30.1 10.3 143.3 27.5 38.4 63.0 Katamatite loam 4 26.6 16.0 9.5 46.1 14.1 25.4 39.1 2 Shepparton fine sandy loam 54 27.4 16.1 3.9 67.4 14.5 24.5 34.6 Group average 58 27.3 15.9 3.9 67.4 14.5 24.5 34.6 Lemnos loam friable phase 8 46.1 21.9 16.0 80.9 29.8 42.4 63.7 Lemnos loam semi friable phase 4 91.4 56.9 31.8 143.3 42.8 95.2 140.0 3 Lemnos loam 38 45.2 30.6 4.2 127.5 21.0 41.8 67.0 Goulburn loam friable phase 4 33.0 8.6 20.8 40.6 27.2 35.3 38.9 Group average 54 47.8 32.7 4.3 143.3 26.0 41.5 67.0 Goulburn loam 20 28.7 15.2 5.0 64.4 17.1 27.1 33.3 4 Goulburn clay loam 4 11.6 3.2 8.0 14.9 9.0 11.7 14.2 Group average 24 25.9 15.3 5.0 64.4 14.2 24.5 32.5

Congupna clay loam 5 37.1 20.6 23.6 72.6 24.1 28.0 45.9 SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic 5 Group average** 14 36.3 20.3 14.4 82.5 23.6 30.3 40.4

6 Congupna clay 4 41.0 11.6 30.5 55.9 31.9 38.9 50.2 Group average** 22 21.5 15.5 4.0 55.9 10.8 14.4 30.5 Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 12.3 Saturated hydraulic conductivity of Horizon A - RC irrigation area

Soil No of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Horizon A (mm/hr) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 Nanneella fine sandy loam 49 46.4 27.5 10.3 130.5 28.1 38.2 60.9 1D* Group average** 65 48.5 30.1 10.3 143.3 27.5 38.4 63.0 Timmering loam 18 40.1 30.3 9.4 109.1 19.2 29.5 45.0 2 Group average** 112 27.3 18.9 3.9 109.1 14.3 23.3 34.4 Wanalta loam 18 46.8 29.1 12.0 120.7 26.3 36.4 72.6 3 Group average** 82 44.2 31.3 4.2 143.3 20.8 37.2 60.3 Wana loam 2 49.0 23.2 74.8 Koyuga clay loam 3 23.4 15.8 37.0 4 Koga clay loam 4 18.1 11.6 9.8 35.0 10.6 13.8 25.6 Group average 9 26.7 20.4 9.8 74.8 14.7 17.4 35.5 Rochester clay 2 19.5 14.4 24.6 5 Alta clay loam 5 38.7 26.2 15.8 82.5 20.7 32.6 50.9 Group average 7 33.2 23.6 14.4 82.5 17.4 24.6 38.4

Wallenjoe clay 2 26.8 4.0 49.6 6 Carag clay 4 21.0 9.6 12.8 30.1 12.8 20.7 29.3 Group average 6 23.0 16.5 4.0 49.6 12.8 20.7 30.1 Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR 65

66

Table 13.1 Saturated hydraulic conductivity of Horizon B1 - MV irrigation area

Soil No of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Horizon B1 (mm/hr) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 Sandmount sand 4 57.1 33.5 11.4 83.2 31.9 66.8 82.2 1S* Sandmount sand phase 4 15.9 7.5 6.1 23.2 10.2 17.2 21.6 Group average 8 36.5 31.5 6.1 83.2 12.8 21.6 66.8 Similar range Ss to Csl 2 19.9 9.8 29.9 1D* Group average** 28 11.7 17.2 0.7 91.2 2.7 7.3 13.9 Waaia loam 8 1.6 1.0 0.4 2.9 0.6 1.5 2.6 Waaia loam phase 4 7.5 3.6 2.5 11.0 5.2 8.3 9.9 2 Cobram loam 11 2.9 3.0 0.1 10.4 0.7 2.7 4.2 Moira loam friable phase 6 2.8 3.5 0.8 9.9 1.2 1.5 2.2 Group average 29 3.2 3.2 0.1 11.0 0.9 2.2 3.7 Moira loam 2 0.9 0.8 1.1 3 Naring loam 8 1.9 1.4 0.2 4.5 1.0 1.7 2.6 Group average 10 1.7 1.3 0.2 4.5 0.8 1.3 2.4

Ulupna clay 2 1.7 1.0 2.3 SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic 5 Group average** 12 2.0 1.5 0.4 5.7 0.8 1.7 2.5 Muckatah clay loam 6 0.6 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Boosey loam friable phase 0 6 Boosey loam 2 0.2 0.0 0.5 Group average 8 0.5 0.3 0.0 1.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 13.2 Saturated hydraulic conductivity of Horizon B1 - SCG irrigation area

Soil No of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Horizon B1 (mm/hr) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 East Shepparton fine sandy loam 14 12.3 23.3 1.8 91.2 2.4 4.7 8.0 1D* Group average** 28 11.7 17.2 0.7 91.2 2.7 7.3 13.9 Katamatite loam 2 7.6 5.5 9.6 2 Shepparton fine sandy loam 14 4.8 5.3 0.1 18.3 0.5 2.8 7.2 Group average 16 5.2 5.1 0.1 18.3 0.6 4.5 8.2 Lemnos loam friable phase 8 8.5 14.8 0.3 43.3 0.4 2.7 9.2 Lemnos loam semi friable phase 4 5.4 7.1 1.2 16.0 1.2 2.2 9.5 3 Lemnos loam 37 6.0 5.4 0.1 29.4 2.8 5.1 8.2 Goulburn loam friable phase 4 4.2 2.8 2.2 8.4 2.5 3.2 6.0 Group average 53 6.2 7.4 0.1 43.3 2.3 3.7 8.2 Goulburn loam 18 3.8 6.3 0.4 27.4 0.9 1.9 2.7 4 Goulburn clay loam 4 1.2 0.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Group average 22 3.3 5.7 0.4 27.4 1.1 1.3 2.7

Congupna clay loam 4 2.4 2.4 0.4 5.7 0.5 1.7 4.2 5 Group average** 12 2.0 1.5 0.4 5.7 0.8 1.7 2.5

6 Congupna clay 4 2.9 0.7 2.4 3.8 2.4 2.7 3.3 Group average** 17 1.3 1.1 0.0 3.8 0.4 1.1 2.4 Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR 67

68

Table 13.3 Saturated hydraulic conductivity of Horizon B1 - RC irrigation area

Soil No of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Horizon B1 (mm/hr) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 Nanneella fine sandy loam 12 9.6 6.6 0.6 20.4 3.5 10.1 13.9 1D* Group average** 28 11.7 17.2 0.7 91.2 2.7 7.3 13.9 Timmering loam 18 3.0 3.5 0.2 13.8 0.8 1.3 4.1 2 Group average** 63 3.6 3.9 0.1 18.3 0.8 2.1 5.3 Wanalta loam 17 6.3 4.4 0.2 14.9 2.9 6.0 9.6 3 Group average** 80 5.7 6.5 0.1 43.3 2.0 3.7 7.4 Wana loam 0 Koyuga clay loam 3 3.6 0.9 2.6 4.5 4 Koga clay loam 4 2.1 1.8 0.8 4.8 1.0 1.5 3.3 Group average 7 2.8 1.6 0.8 4.8 1.3 2.6 4.3 Rochester clay 2 1.7 1.6 1.8 5 Alta clay loam 4 1.9 1.3 0.5 3.7 0.9 1.6 2.8 Group average 6 1.8 1.0 0.5 3.7 1.4 1.7 1.9

Wallenjoe clay 1 3.1 SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic 6 Carag clay 4 1.0 0.3 0.4 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.1 Group average 5 1.4 1.0 0.4 3.1 0.9 1.1 1.6 Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 14.1 Final infiltration rate of Horizon B1 - MV irrigation area

Soil No of Final Infiltration Rate of Horizon B1 (mm/hr) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 Sandmount sand 4 244.1 176.7 40.32 420.0 98.16 258.0 390.0 1S* Sandmount sand phase 4 13.3 3.61 8.52 16.86 10.59 13.86 15.96 Group average 8 129.0 169.0 8.52 420.0 13.90 28.60 258.0 Similar range Ss to Csl 2 21.45 20.90 21.99 1D* Group average** 56 5.85 9.12 0.01 36.20 0.20 1.30 7.59 Waaia loam 3 0.36 0.37 0.10 0.78 Waaia loam phase 4 3.14 4.95 0.42 10.56 0.58 0.79 5.70 2 Cobram loam 5 0.18 0.34 0.02 0.79 0.02 0.02 0.25 Moira loam friable phase 6 0.25 0.43 0.01 1.09 0.01 0.04 0.33 Group average 18 0.89 2.44 0.01 10.56 0.02 0.15 0.78 Moira loam 1 2.95 3 Naring loam 3 0.18 0.29 0.01 0.52 Group average 4 0.87 1.40 0.01 2.95 0.01 0.27 1.74

Ulupna clay 1 1.14 5 Group average** 12 0.36 0.42 0.02 1.20 0.05 0.14 0.49 Muckatah clay loam 3 0.32 0.15 0.17 0.46 Boosey loam friable phase 4 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.06 0.01 0.02 0.04 6 Boosey loam 1 0.42 Group average 8 0.19 0.19 0.00 0.46 0.02 0.12 0.38 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR 69

70

Table 14.2 Final infiltration rate of Horizon B1 - SCG irrigation area

Soil No of Final Infiltration Rate of Horizon B1 (mm/hr) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 East Shepparton fine sandy loam 11 10.30 12.50 0.05 33.78 0.19 7.50 17.87 1D* Group average** 56 5.85 9.12 0.01 36.20 0.20 1.30 7.59 Katamatite loam 4 3.99 3.80 1.63 9.60 1.66 2.36 6.31 2 Shepparton fine sandy loam 48 0.54 1.61 0.01 10.86 0.07 0.13 0.33 Group average 52 0.81 2.02 0.01 10.86 0.08 0.13 0.47 Lemnos loam friable phase 8 3.85 9.01 0.10 25.92 0.12 0.21 2.06 Lemnos loam semi friable phase 4 0.64 0.56 0.18 1.44 0.25 0.47 1.03 3 Lemnos loam 19 1.41 1.27 0.23 4.85 0.66 1.11 1.74 Goulburn loam friable phase 4 1.27 1.25 0.49 3.12 0.52 0.74 2.02 Group average 35 1.87 4.36 0.10 25.92 0.32 0.69 1.43 Goulburn loam 16 0.43 0.59 0.01 1.92 0.07 0.23 0.44 4 Goulburn clay loam 4 0.14 0.03 0.10 0.17 0.12 0.14 0.16 Group average 20 0.37 0.53 0.01 1.92 0.09 0.16 0.36

Congupna clay loam 5 0.12 0.17 0.02 0.42 0.03 0.05 0.15 SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic 5 Group average** 12 0.36 0.42 0.02 1.20 0.05 0.14 0.49

6 Congupna clay 4 0.37 0.36 0.05 0.73 0.07 0.36 0.68 Group average** 16 0.19 0.24 0.00 0.73 0.02 0.06 0.38 Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 14.3 Final infiltration rate of Horizon B1 - RC irrigation area

Soil No of Final Infiltration Rate of Horizon B1 (mm/hr) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 Nanneella fine sandy loam 43 3.98 7.17 0.01 36.18 0.20 1.23 3.28 1D* Group average** 56 5.85 9.12 0.01 36.20 0.20 1.30 7.59 Timmering loam 8 1.29 1.50 0.08 3.92 0.18 0.41 2.57 2 Group average** 78 0.88 2.06 0.01 10.86 0.07 0.14 0.74 Wanalta loam 16 2.48 3.66 0.01 10.26 0.25 0.74 3.07 3 Group average** 55 1.97 3.99 0.01 25.92 0.29 0.66 1.43 Wana loam 1 1.98 Koyuga clay loam 2 1.21 1.16 1.26 4 Koga clay loam 2 0.75 0.70 0.79 Group average 5 1.18 0.51 0.70 1.98 0.77 1.16 1.44 Rochester clay 1 0.51 5 Alta clay loam 5 0.41 0.47 0.06 1.20 0.08 0.20 0.66 Group average 6 0.42 0.43 0.06 1.20 0.08 0.34 0.51

Wallenjoe clay 0 6 Carag clay 4 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.03 0.05 Group average** 16 0.19 0.24 0.00 0.73 0.02 0.06 0.38 Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR 71

72

Table 15.1 Water retention characteristic of Horizon A - MV irrigation area

Soil No of Volumetric Water Content (% cm3/cm3) Group Soil Type Sampling Matric Suction Points 0 kPa 10 kPa 60 kPa 1500 kPa Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std 1S* Sandmount sand 2 42.7 19.8 12.4 4.2 Sandmount sand phase 2 35.4 27.3 22.5 10.2 Group average 4 39.0 6.6 23.6 5.4 17.5 4.9 7.2 3.4 1D* Similar range Ss to Csl 0 Group average** 14 40.2 7.0 33.1 6.8 27.9 6.6 15.7 5.0 Waaia loam 4 43.6 3.1 40.2 3.1 32.7 1.9 22.0 2.8 Waaia loam phase 2 52.2 49.5 3.5 46.1 33.9 2 Cobram loam 8 42.9 5.0 37.2 5.2 33.1 4.6 23.1 3.4 Moira loam friable phase 4 38.2 5.2 35.7 4.6 32.7 3.9 20.3 2.7 Group average 18 43.0 5.8 38.9 5.9 34.4 5.5 23.4 4.9 Moira loam 2 42.0 34.6 31.5 15.9 3 Naring loam 5 39.9 4.9 34.0 6.1 30.5 5.7 21.9 4.9 Group average 7 40.5 5.3 34.1 5.4 30.8 4.9 20.2 5.1 Ulupna clay 2 46.0 44.3 42.6 34.9 5 SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic Group average** 8 48.4 4.3 44.6 2.7 42.3 2.8 34.4 3.7 Muckatah clay loam 6 39.9 4.6 36.9 5.3 34.3 5.6 29.0 4.9 Boosey loam friable phase 2 43.7 39.9 36.1 26.0 6 Boosey loam 2 40.5 37.4 34.3 31.2 Group average 10 40.8 3.9 37.6 4.4 34.7 4.5 28.8 4.1 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 15.2 Water retention characteristic of Horizon A - SCG irrigation area

Soil No of Volumetric Water Content (% cm3/cm3) Group Soil Type Sampling Matric Suction Points 0 kPa 10 kPa 60 kPa 1500 kPa Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std East Shepparton fine sandy loam 6 38.5 3.6 28.8 2.6 24.9 3.3 15.5 5.2 1D* Group average** 14 40.2 7.0 33.1 6.8 27.9 6.6 15.7 5.0 Katamatite loam 2 49.0 45.1 42.6 31.7 2 Shepparton fine sandy loam 10 39.7 2.7 34.7 2.5 31.3 2.8 22.1 5.7 Group average 12 41.2 5.7 36.5 5.8 33.2 6.2 23.7 7.1 Lemnos loam friable phase 4 43.7 4.7 37.9 5.1 33.7 4.9 21.4 3.3 Lemnos loam semi friable phase 2 40.9 29.9 25.5 17.4 3 Lemnos loam 15 46.1 7.0 38.4 7.3 34.5 7.0 25.2 5.0 Goulburn loam friable phase 2 37.8 34.2 30.5 21.8 Group average 23 44.5 6.4 37.2 6.7 33.2 6.5 23.6 4.9 Goulburn loam 6 41.8 5.8 38.6 6.0 35.5 5.9 24.9 5.2 4 Goulburn clay loam 0 Group average** 16 42.6 5.7 38.5 5.4 34.7 5.5 26.5 5.6

Congupna clay loam 2 48.6 43.0 41.1 36.3 5 Group average** 8 48.4 4.3 44.6 2.7 42.3 2.8 34.4 3.7

6 Congupna clay 2 48.0 41.5 37.2 27.9 Group average** 16 45.5 8.4 40.1 5.3 36.9 5.4 29.8 5.1 Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR 73

74

Table 15.3 Water retention characteristic of Horizon A - RC irrigation area

Soil No of Volumetric Water Content (% cm3/cm3) Group Soil Type Sampling Matric Suction Points 0 kPa 10 kPa 60 kPa 1500 kPa MeanStdMeanStdMeanStdMeanStd Nanneella fine sandy loam 8 41.5 4.7 36.3 6.1 30.2 7.8 15.9 4.1 1D* Group average** 14 40.2 7.0 33.1 6.8 27.9 6.6 15.7 5.0 Timmering loam 6 48.0 9.9 40.5 7.4 35.2 7.0 24.6 6.5 2 Group average** 36 43.3 6.8 38.4 6.1 34.1 5.9 23.7 5.8 Wanalta loam 7 45.1 4.5 40.5 3.4 35.4 4.4 28.8 3.2 3 Group average** 37 43.9 6.0 37.2 6.2 33.2 5.9 23.9 5.3 Wana loam 2 51.7 46.4 42.7 35.6 Koyuga clay loam 4 39.9 3.5 35.5 4.3 31.5 4.9 25.1 4.7 4 Koga clay loam 4 42.0 5.3 37.6 3.7 32.7 3.0 25.5 4.8 Group average 10 43.1 5.9 38.5 5.4 34.2 5.6 27.4 5.8 Rochester clay 2 45.5 43.0 40.1 33.2 5 Alta clay loam 2 53.5 48.0 45.5 33.2 Group average 4 49.5 4.6 45.5 2.9 42.8 3.4 33.2 4.5 Wallenjoe clay 2 62.4 47.5 44.6 38.4 Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic 6 Carag clay 2 50.2 44.0 40.2 28.4 Group average 4 56.3 8.5 45.7 4.5 42.4 5.2 33.4 7.5 Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 16.1 Water retention characteristic of Horizon B1 - MV irrigation area

Soil No of Volumetric Water Content (% cm3/cm3) Group Soil Type Sampling Matric Suction Points 0 kPa 10 kPa 60 kPa 1500 kPa Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std 1S* Sandmount sand 2 39.7 16.1 10.0 4.0 Sandmount sand phase 2 32.7 25.3 20.8 9.0 Group average 4 36.2 4.8 20.7 6.3 15.4 6.8 6.5 3.1 1D* Similar range Ss to Csl 0 Group average** 14 37.4 4.6 32.4 5.8 28.0 5.7 19.6 6.8 Waaia loam 4 48.2 5.0 44.6 4.4 37.9 3.3 28.6 4.0 Waaia loam phase 2 49.1 45.7 43.1 33.2 2 Cobram loam 8 42.3 4.2 37.5 4.7 34.0 4.7 25.7 4.3 Moira loam friable phase 4 43.5 2.1 41.7 1.4 39.5 1.3 29.5 2.5 Group average 18 44.6 4.5 40.9 5.0 37.1 4.7 28.0 4.3 Moira loam 2 40.1 34.8 32.1 22.6 3 Naring loam 6 40.3 8.5 36.8 10.0 33.9 10.5 26.0 8.1 Group average 8 40.2 7.3 36.3 8.8 33.5 9.3 25.1 7.4

Ulupna clay 2 45.2 42.4 40.1 30.6 5 Group average** 8 51.2 8.0 46.0 6.2 44.0 6.4 33.7 5.3 Muckatah clay loam 6 46.9 8.6 43.6 7.3 40.7 6.7 31.4 4.0 Boosey loam friable phase 2 43.8 38.3 33.6 23.7 6 Boosey loam 2 43.3 41.9 39.7 30.4 Group average 10 45.5 6.9 42.2 6.2 39.1 6.3 29.7 5.2 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR 75

76

Table 16.2 Water retention characteristic of Horizon B1 - SCG irrigation area

Soil No of Volumetric Water Content (% cm3/cm3) Group Soil Type Sampling Matric Suction Points 0 kPa 10 kPa 60 kPa 1500 kPa Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std East Shepparton fine sandy loam 6 34.3 3.7 28.0 4.7 25.3 5.1 18.6 7.5 1D* Group average** 14 37.4 4.6 32.4 5.8 28.0 5.7 19.6 6.8 Katamatite loam 2 42.8 37.6 33.8 23.6 2 Shepparton fine sandy loam 10 45.2 5.0 43.3 4.9 40.7 5.0 31.1 4.7 Group average 12 44.8 5.1 42.3 5.5 39.5 5.8 29.8 5.7 Lemnos loam friable phase 4 45.5 4.9 38.2 5.8 34.2 5.5 23.5 4.3 Lemnos loam semi friable phase 2 43.6 36.5 32.8 28.2 3 Lemnos loam 18 42.7 4.8 39.0 5.8 35.2 6.2 27.1 6.1 Goulburn loam friable phase 2 50.7 43.6 39.1 31.6 Group average 26 43.8 5.0 39.0 5.6 35.2 5.9 27.0 5.8 Goulburn loam 6 42.9 4.9 39.6 6.1 36.2 7.7 24.8 8.0 4 Goulburn clay loam 0 Group average** 16 47.5 6.0 43.3 5.7 39.7 6.3 29.6 6.8

Congupna clay loam 2 48.7 45.2 43.3 31.6 SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic 5 Group average** 8 51.2 8.0 46.0 6.2 44.0 6.4 33.7 5.3

6 Congupna clay 2 45.6 39.0 35.1 26.9 Group average** 16 49.5 8.9 44.3 6.9 41.0 7.0 31.7 6.2 Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 16.3 Water retention characteristic of Horizon B1 - RC irrigation area

Soil No of Volumetric Water Content (% cm3/cm3) Group Soil Type Sampling Matric Suction Points 0 kPa 10 kPa 60 kPa 1500 kPa Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std Nanneella fine sandy loam 8 39.8 3.9 35.7 4.2 29.9 5.6 20.3 6.7 1D* Group average** 14 37.4 4.6 32.4 5.8 28.0 5.7 19.6 6.8 Timmering loam 6 47.1 5.6 43.7 6.8 40.0 6.9 32.1 6.2 2 Group average** 36 45.1 4.9 41.8 5.4 38.4 5.5 29.3 5.2 Wanalta loam 8 47.4 9.8 40.7 8.3 36.5 8.7 28.2 7.4 3 Group average** 42 43.8 6.8 38.8 6.8 35.1 7.0 26.9 6.3 Wana loam 2 48.4 44.6 42.1 37.3 Koyuga clay loam 4 49.8 4.9 46.5 4.3 42.7 4.5 33.3 2.3 4 Koga clay loam 4 51.7 6.4 45.2 6.1 40.7 6.0 29.4 3.7 Group average 10 50.3 4.9 45.6 4.4 41.8 4.4 32.5 4.1 Rochester clay 2 49.4 47.7 45.9 36.2 5 Alta clay loam 2 61.4 48.6 46.7 36.3 Group average 4 55.4 6.9 48.1 2.9 46.3 2.6 36.3 1.6

Wallenjoe clay 2 62.5 51.0 47.8 40.2 6 Carag clay 2 59.9 53.6 49.5 38.0 Group average 4 61.2 3.0 52.3 1.6 48.7 1.3 39.1 1.7 Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR 77

78

Table 17.1 Available water capacity of Horizon A - MV irrigation area

Soil No of Available Water Capacity (% cm3/cm3) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 Sandmount sand 2 15.6 12.8 18.5 1S* Sandmount sand phase 2 17.1 17.0 17.3 Group average 4 16.4 2.5 12.8 18.5 14.9 17.1 17.9 Similar range Ss to Csl 0 1D* Group average** 14 17.4 6.5 8.7 31.1 12.6 15.8 19.6 Waaia loam 4 18.2 3.9 13.3 22.8 15.8 18.4 20.6 Waaia loam phase 2 15.6 10.6 20.6 2 Cobram loam 8 14.0 3.5 10.4 19.1 11.5 12.3 17.6 Moira loam friable phase 4 15.4 3.7 12.8 20.9 13.0 14.1 17.8 Group average 18 15.5 4.0 10.4 22.8 12.1 14.1 18.5 Moira loam 2 18.7 16.9 20.5 3 Naring loam 5 12.1 3.4 6.6 14.7 10.0 13.2 14.7 Group average 7 14.0 4.4 6.6 20.5 11.7 14.6 16.3

Ulupna clay 2 9.4 8.5 10.2 SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic 5 Group average** 8 10.2 4.1 6.0 18.9 7.3 9.4 11.6 Muckatah clay loam 6 7.9 2.2 5.6 11.5 5.8 7.8 8.9 Boosey loam friable phase 2 13.9 13.7 14.2 6 Boosey loam 2 6.1 5.5 6.7 Group average 10 8.8 3.3 5.5 14.2 5.8 7.8 11.5 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 17.2 Available water capacity of Horizon A - SCG irrigation area

Soil No of Available Water Capacity (% cm3/cm3) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 East Shepparton fine sandy loam 6 13.3 3.4 8.7 18.5 12.2 12.5 15.8 1D* Group average** 14 17.4 6.5 8.7 31.1 12.6 15.8 19.6 Katamatite loam 2 13.5 12.4 14.5 2 Shepparton fine sandy loam 10 12.6 5.2 5.3 19.6 7.4 14.0 17.3 Group average 12 12.8 4.7 5.3 19.6 7.9 13.9 16.6 Lemnos loam friable phase 4 16.4 3.6 12.9 20.8 13.6 16.0 19.3 Lemnos loam semi friable phase 2 12.5 12.2 12.7 3 Lemnos loam 15 13.2 5.0 3.7 22.1 9.3 13.4 16.7 Goulburn loam friable phase 2 12.3 11.2 13.5 Group average 23 13.6 4.5 3.7 22.1 12.2 13.4 16.7 Goulburn loam 6 13.6 6.7 4.2 22.0 8.3 14.4 18.3 4 Goulburn clay loam 0 Group average** 16 12.1 4.3 4.2 22.0 9.5 11.3 14.1

Congupna clay loam 2 6.7 6.0 7.4 5 Group average** 8 10.2 4.1 6.0 18.9 7.3 9.4 11.6

6 Congupna clay 2 13.6 13.0 14.2 Group average** 16 10.3 3.7 5.5 16.3 7.2 9.3 13.9 Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR 79

80

Table 17.3 Available water capacity of Horizon A - RC irrigation area

Soil No of Available Water Capacity (% cm3/cm3) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 Nanneella fine sandy loam 8 20.4 6.7 12.9 31.1 15.3 18.1 26.3 1D* Group average** 14 17.4 6.5 8.7 31.1 12.6 15.8 19.6 Timmering loam 6 15.9 3.6 11.4 20.1 13.4 15.6 19.3 2 Group average** 36 14.6 4.3 5.3 22.8 11.9 13.9 18.4 Wanalta loam 7 11.8 2.1 9.5 15.0 9.9 11.7 13.5 3 Group average** 37 13.3 4.1 3.7 22.1 11.2 13.2 15.1 Wana loam 2 10.8 10.7 10.8 Koyuga clay loam 4 10.3 2.6 8.2 14.1 8.7 9.5 11.9 4 Koga clay loam 4 12.2 1.7 10.0 14.0 10.9 12.3 13.4 Group average 10 11.2 2.0 8.2 14.1 9.7 10.8 12.8 Rochester clay 2 9.9 7.2 12.6 5 Alta clay loam 2 14.8 10.6 18.9 Group average 4 12.3 4.9 7.2 18.9 8.9 11.6 15.8

Wallenjoe clay 2 9.1 8.5 9.7 SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic 6 Carag clay 2 15.7 15.0 16.3 Group average 4 12.4 3.9 8.5 16.3 9.1 12.4 15.7 Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 18.1 Available water capacity of Horizon B1 - MV irrigation area

Soil No of Available Water Capacity (% cm3/cm3) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 Sandmount sand 2 12.1 9.0 15.2 1S* Sandmount sand phase 2 16.3 16.2 16.5 Group average 4 14.2 1.9 9.0 16.5 12.1 15.7 16.3 Similar range Ss to Csl 0 1D* Group average** 14 12.8 2.5 4.1 30.8 10.1 13.0 15.0 Waaia loam 4 16.0 3.8 11.3 20.1 13.0 16.2 18.9 Waaia loam phase 2 12.5 11.5 13.5 2 Cobram loam 8 11.8 2.5 9.0 15.4 9.7 11.0 14.1 Moira loam friable phase 4 12.2 2.8 8.6 14.5 9.9 12.8 14.5 Group average 18 12.9 3.1 8.6 20.1 10.5 12.4 14.8 Moira loam 2 12.1 11.6 12.7 3 Naring loam 6 10.8 3.3 5.9 15.7 9.6 10.6 12.5 Group average 8 11.1 2.8 5.9 15.7 9.8 11.4 12.6

Ulupna clay 2 11.8 10.1 13.5 5 Group average** 8 12.3 1.5 10.1 13.8 11.0 12.6 13.6 Muckatah clay loam 6 12.2 4.0 6.5 16.7 9.2 12.2 16.2 Boosey loam friable phase 2 14.7 12.8 16.5 6 Boosey loam 2 11.5 10.4 12.5 Group average 10 12.5 3.3 6.5 16.7 10.4 12.6 16.2 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR 81

82

Table 18.2 Available water capacity of Horizon B1 - SCG irrigation area

Soil No of Available Water Capacity (% cm3/cm3) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 East Shepparton fine sandy loam 6 9.4 4.3 4.1 15.0 5.8 9.1 13.2 1D* Group average** 14 12.8 2.5 4.1 30.8 10.1 13.0 15.0 Katamatite loam 2 14.0 14.0 14.0 2 Shepparton fine sandy loam 10 12.2 2.6 7.0 16.6 11.2 12.3 12.7 Group average 12 12.5 2.5 7.0 16.6 11.6 12.5 14.0 Lemnos loam friable phase 4 14.6 2.8 11.2 17.8 12.5 14.7 16.7 Lemnos loam semi friable phase 2 8.3 8.2 8.5 3 Lemnos loam 18 11.9 3.7 4.3 18.2 9.3 12.1 14.1 Goulburn loam friable phase 2 12.0 11.7 12.3 Group average 26 12.1 3.5 4.3 18.2 9.3 12.0 14.1 Goulburn loam 6 14.9 4.0 8.2 19.2 13.6 14.8 18.6 4 Goulburn clay loam 0 Group average** 16 13.7 3.9 5.9 19.2 11.5 13.6 17.1

Congupna clay loam 2 13.6 13.6 13.7 SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic 5 Group average** 8 12.3 1.5 10.1 13.8 11.0 12.6 13.6

6 Congupna clay 2 12.1 10.7 13.6 Group average** 16 12.6 3.0 6.5 16.7 10.5 12.6 15.6 Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR

SoilType SoilGroup/ Area/ Irrigation Property/ Soil by Listing

Table 18.3 Available water capacity of Horizon B1 - RC irrigation area

Soil No of Available Water Capacity (% cm3/cm3) Group Soil Type Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 Nanneella fine sandy loam 8 15.4 6.6 10.1 30.8 11.7 13.9 15.4 1D* Group average** 14 12.8 2.5 4.1 30.8 10.1 13.0 15.0 Timmering loam 6 11.6 3.0 8.4 16.4 9.4 10.7 14.0 2 Group average** 36 12.5 2.9 7.0 20.1 10.5 12.3 14.5 Wanalta loam 8 12.5 2.5 9.1 16.2 10.5 12.7 14.2 3 Group average** 42 12.0 3.2 4.3 18.2 9.7 12.0 13.8 Wana loam 2 7.3 5.9 8.7 Koyuga clay loam 4 13.2 2.2 11.4 16.2 11.5 12.6 14.9 4 Koga clay loam 4 15.8 2.8 13.1 18.5 13.4 15.8 18.2 Group average 10 13.1 3.9 5.9 18.5 11.4 13.3 16.2 Rochester clay 2 11.4 11.2 11.7 5 Alta clay loam 2 12.3 10.9 13.8

Group average 4 11.9 1.3 10.9 13.8 11.0 11.4 12.8 Wallenjoe clay 2 10.8 10.2 11.4 6 Carag clay 2 15.6 15.5 15.7 Group average 4 13.2 2.8 10.2 15.7 10.8 13.5 15.6 Note: D* Duplex soils, ** Group average of soils of the SIR 83

84

Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic

6. Listing by Soil Property / Soil Group 6. ListingbySoilProperty/

Listin Table 19.1 Particle size distribution - Horizon A

g

No. Particle Size Distribution b y

Soil of Clay (% g/g) Silt (% g/g) Sand (% g/g) SoilPro Group Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 p

1S* 8 1.5 0.6 0.3 2.2 1.2 1.6 2.0 14.5 7.5 5.8 23.7 6.4 16.3 20.5 84.0 8.0 74.4 93.9 77.5 81.9 92.3 ert y/

1D* 70 12.3 8.5 3.1 44.4 7.4 10.0 12.2 37.8 7.9 19.5 54.0 32.3 38.5 43.6 49.9 10.9 21.3 76.6 43.5 48.6 56.9 Soil Grou

2 112 13.7 6.0 4.3 38.6 9.7 11.9 16.5 35.0 7.4 19.5 63.4 30.7 34.2 37.5 51.3 10.2 23.2 74.7 46.4 53.3 57.5

3 86 19.8 8.9 7.2 46.2 14.0 17.5 23.1 35.6 8.3 17.2 65.0 30.2 34.9 39.9 44.6 11.7 16.7 65.1 37.3 46.0 53.8 p

4 34 20.6 11.3 4.2 47.9 12.5 20.9 25.5 39.0 5.9 28.5 54.5 35.8 39.5 42.1 40.4 10.8 8.3 57.7 34.3 42.8 47.6

5 16 32.5 13.3 16.2 62.7 23.1 29.9 35.6 30.6 4.9 22.9 40.3 27.0 30.2 32.5 36.9 12.3 10.9 56.6 26.8 39.6 46.5

6 22 29.1 13.7 16.1 70.8 21.0 24.8 33.0 34.6 6.9 21.5 50.9 31.9 33.2 38.9 36.3 12.6 7.6 56.5 30.2 39.7 45.3 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils 85

86

Table 19.2 Particle size distribution - Horizon B1

No. Particle Size Distribution Soil of Clay (% g/g) Silt (% g/g) Sand (% g/g) Group Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75

1S* 8 4.2 2.6 1.2 7.3 1.5 4.5 6.4 14.3 8.0 2.8 23.0 6.1 18.1 20.1 81.6 10.2 71.4 96.0 74.4 75.7 92.5

1D* 70 29.7 8.9 11.5 52.3 24.3 29.4 35.5 41.5 10.1 18.0 57.2 36.6 44.4 48.8 28.8 11.7 9.4 62.7 20.8 26.3 36.1

2 112 38.7 12.4 3.3 61.5 32.2 41.5 48.0 31.7 8.1 10.1 48.6 26.3 32.4 36.9 29.6 12.3 7.1 81.3 21.9 26.7 36.5

3 85 42.3 14.2 14.5 70.4 31.9 44.7 52.9 30.5 10.3 12.0 73.3 23.6 29.9 35.0 27.3 11.2 4.2 63.5 18.5 26.0 33.8

4 34 37.3 13.7 6.5 60.1 28.1 37.7 48.4 36.2 6.8 24.2 54.5 32.3 35.5 39.2 26.6 10.6 8.5 57.7 19.9 24.4 32.2

5 16 55.1 12.4 26.8 71.3 46.0 59.1 63.4 25.0 8.0 13.9 41.9 17.8 24.2 30.7 19.8 7.4 8.5 31.2 14.2 19.8 26.8

6 22 46.9 12.3 21.3 63.7 35.5 49.1 57.0 29.3 8.3 15.2 45.1 23.3 30.1 34.2 23.8 8.8 7.3 45.2 18.5 22.6 29.5 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic

Listin Table 20.1 Depth, bulk density and organic matter content - Horizon A

g 3 Depth of Horizon A (mm) Bulk Density (g/cm ) Organic Matter (% g/g) b y

Soil Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. PercentileSampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile SoilPro Group Points 25 50 75 Points 25 50 75 Points 25 50 75

1S* 8 1.65 0.09 1.52 1.79 1.58 1.67 1.70 8 1.8 0.4 1.3 2.5 1.4 1.7 2.0 p ert 1D* 30 196 42 140 320 170 185 230 70 1.47 0.17 0.96 1.80 1.39 1.47 1.60 57 6.6 2.8 1.6 12.0 4.0 7.2 8.5 y/

2 72 185 36 130 290 160 185 210 112 1.53 0.15 1.01 1.77 1.46 1.55 1.62 84 5.1 1.3 1.9 8.4 4.4 5.1 6.1 Soil Grou

3 86 170 36 100 290 150 170 190 86 1.55 0.17 1.00 1.81 1.48 1.59 1.68 57 4.3 1.5 2.1 8.2 3.1 4.0 5.1

4 34 186 65 120 340 150 160 210 34 1.53 0.12 1.33 1.78 1.43 1.53 1.64 26 4.3 0.9 2.5 6.7 3.4 4.3 4.8 p

5 16 176 29 130 230 155 170 200 16 1.43 0.10 1.29 1.65 1.37 1.41 1.51 12 5.1 1.6 2.5 8.0 4.1 5.3 6.1

6 22 190 34 100 240 180 200 210 22 1.56 0.12 1.23 1.72 1.53 1.55 1.64 17 3.7 1.4 1.4 6.5 2.8 3.8 4.3 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils. 87

88

Table 20.2 Depth, bulk density and organic matter content - Horizon B1

Depth of Horizon B1 (mm) Bulk Density (g/cm3) Organic Matter (% g/g) Soil Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. PercentileSampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Group Points 25 50 75 Points 25 50 75 Points 25 50 75 1.74 0.12 1.54 1.88 1.66 1.74 1.85 8 1.1 0.4 0.6 1.7 0.8 1.0 1.4 1S* 08 1.68 0.08 1.46 1.93 1.63 1.68 1.73 57 2.5 0.6 0.9 3.8 2.1 2.5 2.8 1D* 20 188 58 110 320 150 175 220 70 2 112 1.64 0.09 1.44 1.95 1.58 1.63 1.68 84 2.6 0.7 1.1 4.2 2.1 2.6 3.1 40 192 55 100 310 155 180 230 3 85 1.62 0.12 1.29 1.94 1.56 1.62 1.71 57 2.0 0.5 1.1 3.8 1.7 1.9 2.4 39 161 44 60 250 130 160 198 4 34 1.61 0.12 1.42 1.91 1.52 1.60 1.66 26 2.0 0.9 1.0 5.0 1.5 1.9 2.1 16 191 51 120 320 155 190 220 5 16 1.51 0.09 1.41 1.69 1.44 1.47 1.59 12 1.9 0.4 1.3 2.5 1.7 1.8 2.2 8 165 34 110 210 145 160 195

6 10 198 41 120 170 180 200 220 22 1.60 0.12 1.41 1.86 1.52 1.59 1.65 17 1.7 0.7 0.7 3.3 1.3 1.6 2.2 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils. Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic

Listin Table 21.1 EC, pH (H2O) and pH (CaCl2) - Horizon A

g

Soil No. of EC (dS/m) pH (H2O) pH (CaCl2) b y

Group Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile SoilPro Points 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75

1S* 8 0.08 0.04 0.04 0.14 0.04 0.07 0.12 7.4 1.3 5.8 9.0 6.4 7.2 8.6 6.6 1.0 5.0 7.9 5.9 6.5 7.6 p ert

1D* 57 0.15 0.08 0.06 0.45 0.11 0.13 0.16 6.1 0.9 5.2 8.5 5.6 5.7 6.1 5.4 0.7 4.6 7.3 5.0 5.1 5.5 y/ Soil Grou

2 84 0.14 0.13 0.04 0.98 0.09 0.12 0.16 6.2 0.7 5.0 8.4 5.9 6.0 6.3 5.5 0.7 4.5 7.9 5.2 5.3 5.7

3 57 0.18 0.16 0.04 0.72 0.08 0.13 0.22 6.3 0.8 4.7 8.6 5.8 6.4 6.8 5.8 0.8 4.4 8.6 5.1 5.8 6.2 p

4 26 0.16 0.16 0.04 0.73 0.07 0.11 0.21 6.2 0.7 5.4 8.4 5.8 6.1 6.4 5.7 0.9 4.9 8.3 5.2 5.4 5.9

5 12 0.29 0.16 0.10 0.64 0.19 0.22 0.42 6.8 0.4 6.0 7.8 6.6 6.9 7.1 6.3 0.5 5.1 7.1 6.1 6.4 6.6

6 17 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.21 0.08 0.08 0.11 6.1 0.7 5.4 7.6 5.6 5.8 6.4 5.4 0.6 4.8 6.7 4.9 5.1 5.7 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils. 89

90

Table 21.2 EC, pH (H2O) and pH (CaCl2) - Horizon B1

Soil No. of EC (dS/m) pH (H2O) pH (CaCl2) Group Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75

1S* 8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 7.1 1.8 5.2 8.8 5.4 7.2 8.8 6.2 1.6 4.5 7.8 4.7 6.3 7.7

1D* 57 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 7.0 0.7 5.9 8.8 6.6 6.9 7.2 6.1 0.6 5.1 7.7 5.7 6.0 6.4

2 84 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.2 7.0 0.7 6.0 8.8 6.5 6.9 7.5 6.2 0.7 4.9 8.2 5.7 5.9 6.6

3 57 0.2 0.2 0.0 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 7.2 0.7 5.8 9.1 6.7 7.1 7.5 6.4 0.8 5.0 8.5 5.9 6.2 6.8

4 26 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.3 7.1 0.5 6.2 8.0 6.7 7.0 7.5 6.3 0.6 5.5 7.7 5.9 6.3 6.6

5 12 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.4 7.5 0.4 6.3 7.9 7.5 7.7 7.7 6.8 0.5 5.3 7.3 6.9 6.9 6.9

6 17 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 7.0 0.6 6.1 8.0 6.4 7.1 7.2 6.1 0.6 5.1 7.3 5.6 6.1 6.3 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils. Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic

Listin Table 22.1 Exchangeable cations - Horizon A

g

No. Exchangeable Cations (meq/100 g) b y

Soil of Ca Mg Na K SoilPro Group Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 p 1S* 8 2.9 1.4 1.0 4.7 1.9 3.0 4.1 1.5 1.2 0.2 2.9 0.3 1.4 2.6 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.7 ert y/

1D* 57 6.3 1.8 2.0 11.0 4.9 6.7 7.6 3.7 1.0 0.4 5.6 3.3 3.9 4.4 0.7 0.5 0.1 3.4 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.1 2.1 0.3 0.6 0.9 Soil Grou

2 84 5.8 1.6 3.2 12.0 4.7 5.7 6.2 3.4 1.3 0.9 9.1 2.8 3.4 3.9 0.9 0.6 0.1 4.4 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.1 2.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 p

3 57 6.0 2.7 3.1 18.0 4.0 5.4 7.3 3.8 2.1 0.9 8.7 2.1 3.1 5.3 0.8 0.8 0.1 4.6 0.3 0.6 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.1 1.6 0.3 0.4 0.9

4 26 5.9 2.1 3.1 13.0 4.6 5.6 6.5 3.1 1.5 0.6 6.5 2.0 3.0 4.2 0.7 1.0 0.1 4.2 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.2 1.4 0.4 0.6 0.9

5 12 9.7 2.5 5.9 15.0 7.8 9.5 11.5 7.0 1.3 5.0 10.0 6.4 6.9 7.6 1.3 0.6 0.5 2.4 0.8 1.4 1.8 1.0 0.3 0.4 1.4 0.9 1.0 1.3

6 17 5.9 2.9 3.8 16.0 4.3 5.2 6.2 3.4 2.2 1.0 8.6 1.8 3.2 4.0 0.5 0.3 0.1 1.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.2 2.9 0.2 0.4 0.7 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils. 91

92

Table 22.2 Exchangeable cations - Horizon B1

No. Exchangeable Cations (meq/100 g) Soil of Ca Mg Na K Group Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75

1S* 8 1.9 1.1 0.7 3.8 0.9 2.0 2.5 1.1 0.9 0.1 2.2 0.2 1.0 1.9 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.7

1D* 57 5.8 2.0 2.0 10.0 4.5 6.2 7.2 3.8 1.4 0.5 6.5 3.0 4.0 4.6 0.7 0.4 0.1 2.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.1 1.5 0.3 0.4 0.6

2 84 5.8 2.3 2.0 17.0 4.4 5.6 6.8 4.3 1.7 1.1 8.7 3.0 4.2 5.4 1.3 0.9 0.2 5.6 0.8 1.1 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.1 2.8 0.3 0.4 0.7

3 57 5.8 2.7 1.9 18.0 4.2 5.4 6.8 5.6 2.5 1.5 10.0 3.5 5.0 7.6 1.3 1.0 0.2 4.8 0.6 1.1 1.8 0.7 0.4 0.1 1.4 0.4 0.7 1.0

4 26 6.4 2.9 2.6 17.0 4.2 6.3 7.4 5.0 2.7 1.4 13.0 3.5 4.6 5.9 1.2 1.1 0.2 4.0 0.5 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.3 0.2 1.4 0.4 0.5 0.8

5 12 8.8 2.6 3.4 14.0 7.5 9.1 9.7 8.9 3.0 3.7 13.0 6.4 9.8 11.5 2.4 1.4 0.7 4.3 1.1 2.3 3.7 1.4 0.7 0.2 2.6 0.9 1.4 1.9

6 17 6.3 3.1 2.8 15.0 3.2 6.5 7.5 6.0 3.2 1.3 11.0 3.2 5.0 9.8 1.0 0.7 0.2 2.6 0.5 1.0 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.2 2.2 0.4 0.5 1.0 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils. Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic

Listin Table 23.1 Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) - Horizon A

g

Soil No. of ESP b y

Group Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile SoilPro Points 25 50 75

1S* 8 5.8 3.4 1.8 10.3 2.2 6.7 8.4 p ert

1D* 57 6.2 5.5 1.3 31.3 3.6 4.5 5.7 y/ Soil Grou

2 84 7.9 3.6 2.0 22.3 6.0 8.1 9.3

3 57 6.9 4.7 1.5 25.5 3.6 5.6 8.6 p

4 26 6.1 5.6 0.5 23.0 2.0 4.1 7.8

5 12 7.1 3.4 2.9 13.6 4.3 7.3 9.2

6 17 5.1 1.8 1.8 7.6 3.8 5.8 6.5 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils. 93

94

Table 23.2 Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) - Horizon B1

Soil No. of ESP Group Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75

1S* 8 6.8 2.9 2.3 10.4 4.7 7.0 9.2

1D* 57 7.3 6.0 1.6 32.8 4.4 5.5 7.3

2 84 10.6 5.2 1.5 28.8 7.9 10.1 11.8

3 57 9.9 5.8 2.4 28.2 4.8 8.5 13.2

4 26 8.3 5.8 2.0 26.0 4.9 6.6 11.0

5 12 10.7 5.0 3.9 17.2 5.9 11.4 15.7

6 17 7.0 2.3 2.1 11.1 5.9 7.1 8.2 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils. Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic

Listin Table 24.1 Saturated hydraulic conductivity - Horizon A

g No of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity (mm/hr) b y

Soil Group No of Sites Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile SoilPro Points 25 50 75

1S* 2 8 140.5 152.7 17.8 366.9 24.8 48.3 296.4 p ert

1D* 9 65 48.5 30.1 10.3 143.3 27.5 38.4 63.0 y/ Soil Grou

2 19 112 27.3 18.9 3.9 109.1 14.3 23.3 34.4

3 24 82 44.2 31.3 4.2 143.3 20.8 37.2 60.3 p

4 11 33 26.1 16.5 5.0 74.8 14.6 23.2 33.1

5 6 14 36.3 20.3 14.4 82.5 23.6 30.3 40.4

6 8 22 21.5 15.5 4.0 55.9 10.8 14.4 30.5

Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils.

95

96

Table 24.2 Saturated hydraulic conductivity - Horizon B1

Mean Depth No of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity (mm/hr) Soil to Horizon Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Group B1 (mm) Points 25 50 75

1S* 8 36.5 31.5 6.1 83.2 12.8 21.6 66.8

1D* 188 28 11.7 17.2 0.7 91.2 2.7 7.3 13.9

2 185 63 3.6 3.9 0.1 18.3 0.8 2.1 5.3

3 170 80 5.7 6.5 0.1 43.3 2.0 3.7 7.4

4 186 29 3.2 5.0 0.4 27.4 1.1 1.4 3.0

5 176 12 2.0 1.5 0.4 5.7 0.8 1.7 2.5

6 190 17 1.3 1.1 0.0 3.8 0.4 1.1 2.4

Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils. Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic

Listin Table 24.3 Saturated hydraulic conductivity - Horizon B2

g

Mean b

No of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity (mm/hr) y Depth to SoilPro Soil Group Sampling Horizon B2 Percentile Points Mean Std. Min. Max. (mm) 25 50 75 p 373 20 12.9 11.2 0.7 48.6 5.1 11.8 16.2 ert 1D* y/

2 373 40 5.7 5.8 0.0 24.7 1.9 3.4 6.8 Soil Grou

3 319 38 6.5 5.0 0.3 18.1 2.0 5.5 10.2 p 4 341 16 2.8 3.0 0.0 12.5 1.3 1.7 4.1

5 329 5 1.9 1.8 0.2 4.7 0.6 0.9 3.2

6 398 10 1.1 0.9 0.0 2.4 0.6 1.0 2.0

Note: D* Duplex soils. 97

98

Table 25 Final infiltration rate of Horizon B1

Final Infiltration Rate (mm/hr) Mean Depth No of Soil Group to Horizon Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile B1 (mm) Points 25 50 75

8 129.0 169.0 8.52 420.0 13.90 28.60 258.0 1S* 188 56 5.85 9.12 0.005 36.20 0.20 1.30 7.59 1D* 2 185 78 0.88 2.06 0.005 10.86 0.07 0.14 0.74

3 170 55 1.97 3.99 0.005 25.92 0.29 0.66 1.43

4 186 25 0.53 0.61 0.005 1.98 0.10 0.29 0.81

5 176 12 0.36 0.42 0.024 1.20 0.05 0.14 0.49

6 190 16 0.19 0.24 0.003 0.73 0.02 0.06 0.38

Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils. Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic

Listin Table 26.1 Water retention characteristic - Horizon A

g

No. Volumetric Water Content (% cm3/cm3) b y

Soil of 0 kPa 10 kPa 60 kPa 1500 kPa SoilPro Group Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 p

1S* 4 39.0 6.6 19.4 35.1 35.4 38.5 42.7 23.6 5.4 26.2 16.8 19.8 24.4 27.3 17.5 4.9 37.5 10.7 12.4 17.5 22.5 7.2 3.4 13.6 4.0 4.2 6.5 10.2 ert y/ 1D* 14 40.2 7.0 18.9 34.8 36.2 39.5 43.1 33.1 6.8 37.0 26.1 28.9 32.7 35.7 27.9 6.6 44.4 22.5 23.6 25.7 29.4 15.7 5.0 19.3 7.6 13.5 16.3 17.0 Soil Grou

2 36 43.3 6.8 33.5 66.0 38.9 41.8 46.5 38.4 6.1 29.3 53.3 34.6 37.1 41.6 34.1 5.9 25.7 51.2 30.6 33.4 36.0 23.7 5.8 13.6 38.8 19.4 23.3 27.4

3 37 43.9 6.0 34.4 61.5 38.3 43.7 47.2 37.2 6.2 26.4 50.5 32.3 36.0 42.7 33.2 5.9 22.9 46.0 29.0 32.3 38.8 23.9 5.3 14.1 33.3 19.7 24.2 27.8 p

4 16 42.6 5.7 35.2 52.2 38.0 40.8 47.9 38.5 5.4 29.0 46.6 35.0 37.5 43.5 34.7 5.5 24.6 43.4 31.7 34.1 38.8 26.5 5.6 17.9 35.8 21.6 27.6 29.7

5 8 48.4 4.3 43.8 53.8 44.7 47.0 53.1 44.6 2.7 41.5 48.7 42.4 43.8 47.0 42.3 2.8 39.5 47.0 40.0 41.5 44.6 34.4 3.7 28.3 38.2 31.1 35.7 37.6

6 16 45.5 8.4 35.2 67.8 38.9 44.8 48.3 40.1 5.3 31.8 51.6 35.1 41.2 42.5 36.9 5.4 29.6 49.0 32.1 36.9 39.9 29.8 5.1 23.9 43.0 26.0 28.4 33.3 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils. 99

100

Table 26.2 Water retention characteristic - Horizon B1

No. Volumetric Water Content (% cm3/cm3) Soil of 0 kPa 10 kPa 60 kPa 1500 kPa Group Sampling Mean Std. Min. Max.Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75 25 50 75

1S* 4 36.2 4.8 30.7 42.0 32.7 36.0 39.7 20.7 6.3 12.2 26.3 16.1 22.1 25.3 15.4 6.8 7.7 23.3 10.0 15.3 20.8 6.5 3.1 3.2 10.1 4.0 6.3 9.0

1D* 14 37.4 4.6 30.6 45.4 32.3 38.3 41.5 32.4 5.8 23.8 39.7 26.1 34.5 37.4 28.0 5.7 20.1 36.0 23.3 27.4 33.9 19.6 6.8 7.8 29.6 12.8 21.7 24.3

2 36 45.1 4.9 35.0 55.3 41.8 45.5 48.7 41.8 5.4 28.6 50.7 39.7 42.2 45.4 38.4 5.5 25.3 47.3 35.7 38.9 41.6 29.3 5.2 17.9 37.8 26.0 29.5 33.5

3 42 43.8 6.8 32.3 60.5 40.0 43.1 48.6 38.8 6.8 25.8 51.2 34.8 39.2 45.3 35.1 7.0 22.2 47.4 30.0 34.5 40.6 26.9 6.3 13.8 39.0 22.4 27.8 30.8

4 16 47.5 6.0 38.9 58.6 42.5 47.4 51.0 43.3 5.7 33.0 52.1 38.1 44.1 47.8 39.7 6.3 25.7 48.7 35.0 41.0 44.1 29.6 6.8 13.8 38.5 26.5 30.2 34.7

5 8 51.2 8.0 36.7 61.5 48.5 49.5 57.5 46.0 6.2 32.5 52.3 45.0 46.5 50.0 44.0 6.4 29.8 50.4 43.1 44.9 47.9 33.7 5.3 22.4 38.8 31.6 35.2 37.3

6 16 49.5 8.9 38.1 65.7 42.4 45.7 58.6 44.3 6.9 34.2 53.8 39.5 42.1 51.6 41.0 7.0 28.2 50.6 36.7 39.5 47.8 31.7 6.2 17.6 41.6 29.4 30.4 37.7 Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils. Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic

Listin Table 27.1 Available water capacity - Horizon A

g Soil No. Mean Depth Available Water Capacity (% cm3/cm3) b y SoilPro Group Sampling of Horizon A Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points (mm) 25 50 75 p 1S* 4 16.4 2.5 12.8 18.5 14.9 17.1 17.9 ert y/

1D* 14 196 17.4 6.5 8.7 31.1 12.6 15.8 19.6 Soil Grou

2 36 185 14.6 4.3 5.3 22.8 11.9 13.9 18.4 p

3 37 170 13.3 4.1 3.7 22.1 11.2 13.2 15.1

4 16 186 12.1 4.3 4.2 22.0 9.5 11.3 14.1

5 8 176 10.2 4.1 6.0 18.9 7.3 9.4 11.6

6 16 190 10.3 3.7 5.5 16.3 7.2 9.3 13.9

Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils. 101

102

Table 27.2 Available water capacity - Horizon B1

Soil No. Mean Depth Available Water Capacity (% cm3/cm3) Group Sampling of Horizon B1 Mean Std. Min. Max. Percentile Points (mm) 25 50 75

1S* 4 14.2 1.9 9.0 16.5 12.1 15.7 16.3

1D* 14 188 12.8 2.5 4.1 30.8 10.1 13.0 15.0

2 36 192 12.5 2.9 7.0 20.1 10.5 12.3 14.5

3 42 161 12.0 3.2 4.3 18.2 9.7 12.0 13.8

4 16 191 13.7 3.9 5.9 19.2 11.5 13.6 17.1

5 8 165 12.3 1.5 10.1 13.8 11.0 12.6 13.6

6 16 198 12.6 3.0 6.5 16.7 10.5 12.6 15.6

Note: S* Sandy soils, D* Duplex soils. Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic

7. ListingbySoilType/Property

L i s

Table 28.1 Alta clay loam t i n g 5 Soil Type Alta clay loam Soil Group Irrigation Area RC b y

Horizon A S

Horizon B1 o i l Percentile Percentile Soil Properties Sampling Sampling T Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 y p e

Physical Properties /

Particle size distribution S o i

Clay (% g/g) 6 33.9 14.4 23.6 62.7 26.0 29.9 31.1 6 63.8 3.0 59.5 67.3 61.8 63.6 67.0 l

P

Silt (% g/g) 6 29.3 3.2 25.0 34.1 26.5 29.7 30.4 6 20.4 4.6 13.9 24.9 17.3 20.9 24.4 r o

Sand (% g/g) 6 36.9 13.1 10.9 46.5 39.3 39.9 44.8 6 15.8 3.8 11.0 20.9 12.6 15.7 19.2 p e

3 r Bulk density (g/cm ) 1.43 t 6 1.38 0.08 1.29 1.51 1.30 1.38 1.43 6 1.45 0.03 1.41 1.51 1.44 1.46 y Organic matter (% g/g) 5 5.9 1.3 4.8 8.0 5.0 5.5 6.4 5 2.2 0.3 1.8 2.5 2.0 2.3 2.4 Depth of horizon (mm) 6 162 16.0 130 170 160 170 170 2 140 110 170 Chemical Properties EC (dS/cm) 5 0.45 0.12 0.31 0.64 0.38 0.44 0.51 5 0.42 0.16 0.24 0.64 0.29 0.4 0.55

pH (H2 O) 5 6.7 0.2 6.5 6.9 6.5 6.8 6.8 5 7.5 0.1 7.3 7.7 7.4 7.5 7.6 5 pH (CaCl 2 ) 6.2 0.1 6.1 6.4 6.1 6.2 6.3 5 6.9 0.1 6.8 7.0 6.8 6.9 6.9 Ca (meq/100g) 5 8.8 1.0 7.8 9.8 7.8 9.2 9.6 5 8.7 1.2 6.7 9.9 8.4 8.9 9.4 Mg (meq/100g) 5 7.3 0.7 6.5 8.2 6.8 7.2 8.0 5 10.2 1.5 7.9 12.0 9.5 10.0 11.3 Na (meq/100g) 5 1.8 0.4 1.4 2.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 5 3.7 0.6 2.9 4.3 3.2 4.0 4.2 K (meq/100g) 5 1.1 0.3 0.8 1.4 0.9 0.9 1.3 5 2.0 0.3 1.8 2.6 1.9 1.9 2.2 ESP 5 9.6 2.3 7.6 13.6 8.3 9.0 10.5 5 15.2 2.5 10.9 17.2 14.1 16.1 16.7 Hydraulic Properties Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 5 38.7 26.2 15.8 82.5 20.7 32.6 50.94 1.86 1.33 0.54 3.67 0.95 1.62 2.78 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 5 0.41 0.47 0.06 1.20 0.08 0.20 0.66 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 2 14.8 10.6 18.9 2 12.3 10.9 13.8 Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 2 53.5 53.1 53.8 2 61.4 61.3 61.5 10 2 48.0 47.3 48.7 2 48.6 45.1 52.1 60 2 45.5 44.0 47.0 2 46.7 43.6 49.9 1500 2 33.2 28.4 38.1 2 36.3 34.3 38.3 1 0 3 104 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R Percentile 25 50 75 Horizon B1 Min Max 5.8 1.2 0.5 8.0 1.7 7.0 6.0 7.5 140 120 160 43.341.939.730.4 42.7 41.4 44.0 39.6 42.4 29.9 39.8 31.0 51.828.919.31.52 51.3 28.3 52.3 18.2 29.5 1.47 20.5 0.09 1.57 0.42 11.5 10.4 12.5 MV 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 Points Sampling Sampling Irrigation Area Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 6 Horizon A Min Max Table 28.2 Boosey loam Soil Group Soil 3.8 6.2 5.5 6.2 3.2 0.7 0.2 7.2 185 180 190 40.537.434.331.2 39.5 35.0 41.5 31.5 39.7 29.5 37.1 33.0 24.937.437.71.63 17.7 36.7 32.2 31.1 38.1 1.610.13 44.3 1.65 Mean Std 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 11.62 6.1 7.1 16.2 5.5 6.7 0.24 0.03 0.46 2 2 2 2 1 Points Sampling Sampling 3 3 3 3 3 0 10 60 1500 2 Boosey loam Boosey Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) (% Silt g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric 2 Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Water retention characteristic Particle size distribution (g/cm ) Bulk density g/g) Organic matter (% Depth of horizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl ) Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g) Na (meq/100g) K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) conductivity Sat. hydraulic Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) cm /cm ) water (% capacity Available Soil Type Chemical Properties Properties Hydraulic Soil Properties Physical Properties Physical L i s

Table 28.3 Boosey loam friable phase t i n g 6 Soil Type Boosey loam friable phase Soil Group Irrigation Area MV b y

Horizon A S

Horizon B1 o i l Percentile Percentile Soil Properties Sampling Sampling T Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 y p e

Physical Properties /

Particle size distribution S o i

Clay (% g/g) 4 19.4 3.9 16.1 24.0 16.2 18.8 22.6 4 42.5 15.1 21.3 57.0 33.1 45.9 52.0 l

P

Silt (% g/g) 4 33.8 1.7 32.5 36.3 32.7 33.2 34.9 4 28.5 4.4 24.5 33.6 24.8 27.9 32.2 r o

Sand (% g/g) 4 46.8 3.5 43.1 51.4 44.2 46.4 49.4 4 29.0 12.0 18.0 45.2 20.1 26.5 37.9 p e

3 r Bulk density (g/cm ) 1.60 t 4 1.64 0.08 1.53 1.72 1.59 1.66 1.70 4 1.68 0.13 1.55 1.86 1.65 1.75 y Organic matter (% g/g) 4 4.4 1.5 3.1 6.5 3.5 3.9 5.3 4 1.6 0.6 0.7 2.1 1.2 1.8 2.0 Depth of horizon (mm) 4 168 25 140 200 150 165 185 0 Chemical Properties EC (dS/cm) 4 0.08 0.03 0.04 0.12 0.06 0.08 0.1 4 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.09 0.05 0.07 0.08

pH (H2 O) 4 5.6 0.2 5.4 5.9 5.5 5.6 5.8 4 6.7 0.6 6.1 7.2 6.2 6.7 7.2 4 pH (CaCl 2 ) 4.9 0.1 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.0 4 5.6 0.6 5.1 6.1 5.1 5.6 6.1 Ca (meq/100g) 4 5.0 0.5 4.5 5.7 4.6 4.8 5.3 4 5.5 1.6 3.2 6.5 4.5 6.1 6.5 Mg (meq/100g) 4 1.4 0.4 1.0 1.8 1.1 1.4 1.7 4 4.4 2.2 1.3 6.4 3.0 4.9 5.7 Na (meq/100g) 4 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 4 0.8 0.5 0.2 1.3 0.5 0.9 1.1 K (meq/100g) 4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 4 0.6 0.3 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.8 ESP 4 5.5 1.5 3.3 6.4 4.6 6.1 6.3 4 6.7 2.1 3.7 8.6 5.5 7.3 8.0 Hydraulic Properties Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 4 9.7 1.5 8.3 11.0 8.4 9.7 10.9 0 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 4 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.06 0.01 0.02 0.04 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 2 13.9 13.7 14.2 2 14.7 12.8 16.5 Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 2 43.7 42.2 45.2 2 43.8 39.7 47.8 10 2 39.9 38.7 41.1 2 38.3 34.2 42.5 60 2 36.1 35.2 37.0 2 33.6 28.2 39.0 1500 2 26.0 25.1 26.9 2 23.7 17.6 29.8 1 0 5 106 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R 2.2 1.1 7.6 6.6 7.9 10.5 10.2 0.13 9.9 1.7 0.8 8.2 7.2 6.3 7.6 1.45 1.51 0.11 Percentile 25 50 75 1.42 2.2 1.1 1.3 0.5 10.4 5.8 Horizon B1 1.0 0.4 5.3 Min Max 9.8 1.1 8.4 11.0 9.1 1.6 0.6 0.8 0.4 8.0 2.6 2.9 0.4 2.3 3.3 2.5 2.9 3.2 7.36.4 0.47.6 0.3 7.0 0.5 6.1 7.8 7.0 6.8 7.1 8.2 6.2 7.3 59.953.649.538.0 59.9 53.6 60.0 48.3 53.6 37.9 50.6 38.1 58.417.8 3.723.8 54.2 1.71.47 4.5 15.2 62.1 0.06 19.5 18.8 55.3 1.41 28.3 58.7 16.8 1.56 19.9 18.5 61.5 0.11 23.7 18.8 0.03 27.6 0.07 0.14 0.08 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.03 0.05 15.6 15.5 15.7 RC 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 0 4 4 2 2 2 2 Points Sampling Sampling Irrigation Area Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 6 4.2 6.7 4.3 5.1 6.2 Horizon A Min Max Table 28.4 Carag clay Soil Group Soil 1.2 4.9 0.80.1 4.05.8 0.01 5.75.2 0.08 0.4 4.35.4 0.11 0.4 5.54.2 5.0 0.09 1.5 4.90.6 6.4 1.2 5.5 0.4 4.1 0.1 0.2 5.7 3.2 5.65.3 0.11 0.2 7.0 0.4 5.0 5.7 5.7 0.3 4.2 5.1 0.8 6.1 3.3 5.3 5.4 0.4 3.9 6.7 0.5 5.1 0.7 205 25.2 180 240 190 200 220 50.244.040.228.4 48.0 41.3 52.4 36.9 46.8 24.9 43.6 31.8 23.628.8 4.347.6 4.7 19.61.58 6.0 23.9 29.5 0.16 43.4 32.9 1.36 20.6 56.5 24.7 22.7 1.72 44.2 29.2 26.6 1.45 45.3 32.8 1.61 51.0 1.70 Mean Std 2 2 2 2 4 21.0 9.6 12.8 30.1 12.8 20.7 29.3 0.95 0.34 0.44 1.14 0.76 1.11 1.14 2 15.7 15.0 16.3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Points Sampling Sampling 3 3 3 3 3 0 10 60 1500 2 Carag clay Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) (% Silt g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric 2 Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Water retention characteristic Particle size distribution (g/cm ) Bulk density g/g) Organic matter (% Depth of horizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl ) Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g) Na (meq/100g) K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) conductivity Sat. hydraulic Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) cm /cm ) water (% capacity Available Soil Type Chemical Properties Properties Hydraulic Physical Properties Physical Soil Properties L i s

Table 28.5 Cobram loam t i n g 2 Soil Type Cobram loam Soil Group Irrigation Area MV b y

Horizon A S

Horizon B1 o i l Percentile Percentile Soil Properties Sampling Sampling T Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 y p e

Physical Properties /

Particle size distribution S o i

Clay (% g/g) 12 18.1 9.2 4.8 38.6 11.0 17.8 23.5 12 36.3 11.3 14.8 50.4 26.9 37.4 47.0 l

P

Silt (% g/g) 12 32.1 6.5 24.7 48.2 27.5 31.1 35.0 12 25.0 5.6 15.4 34.0 21.2 25.3 27.6 r o

Sand (% g/g) 12 49.8 11.5 32.1 70.1 43.4 48.5 57.8 12 38.7 9.0 24.6 51.4 29.6 41.0 44.0 p e

3 r Bulk density (g/cm ) 1.62 t 12 1.58 0.12 1.31 1.75 1.54 1.58 1.65 12 1.69 0.10 1.55 1.84 1.66 1.77 y Organic matter (% g/g) 6 4.0 0.9 2.9 5.1 3.1 4.0 4.6 6 2.0 0.4 1.4 2.5 1.9 2.0 2.1 Depth of horizon (mm) 12 192 24.4 150 220 170 200 210 8 211 62.4 100 280 170 225 260 Chemical Properties EC (dS/cm) 6 0.16 0.07 0.07 0.25 0.08 0.16 0.21 6 0.19 0.17 0.04 0.48 0.06 0.12 0.3

pH (H2 O) 6 6.8 1.0 5.7 8.4 6.1 6.5 7.4 6 7.6 0.9 6.5 8.8 7.0 7.4 8.5 6 pH (CaCl 2 ) 6.3 0.9 5.2 7.9 5.7 6.1 6.7 6 6.8 1.0 5.6 8.0 6.2 6.7 7.9 Ca (meq/100g) 6 6.9 1.2 5.6 8.4 6.1 6.5 8.2 6 5.9 2.3 2.9 8.6 3.7 6.2 7.6 Mg (meq/100g) 6 3.5 1.7 2.0 6.7 2.3 3.1 3.8 6 5.4 2.6 1.8 8.7 3.1 5.8 7.1 Na (meq/100g) 6 0.7 0.8 0.2 2.2 0.3 0.4 0.8 6 1.5 1.6 0.3 4.2 0.4 0.7 2.6 K (meq/100g) 6 0.8 0.8 0.2 2.2 0.2 0.6 1.2 6 1.0 0.8 0.2 2.0 0.3 0.7 2.0 ESP 6 5.1 4.0 2.5 12.7 2.6 3.1 6.5 6 9.9 9.9 2.2 28.8 4.3 5.9 12.4 Hydraulic Properties Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 12 22.5 12.6 6.5 44.9 12.5 20.6 29.411 2.89 3.00 0.10 10.45 0.69 2.75 4.18 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 5 0.18 0.34 0.02 0.79 0.02 0.02 0.25 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 8 14.0 3.5 10.4 19.1 11.5 12.3 17.6 8 11.8 2.5 9.0 15.4 9.7 11.0 14.1 Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 8 42.9 5.0 34.7 48.8 39.2 43.5 47.1 8 42.3 4.2 35.0 48.2 39.1 43.9 44.5 10 8 37.2 5.2 29.3 43.3 33.0 37.7 41.6 8 37.5 4.7 28.6 41.2 34.2 39.8 41.0 60 8 33.1 4.6 25.7 38.5 29.6 34.0 36.6 8 34.0 4.7 25.3 38.2 30.8 35.8 37.4 22.3 1500 8 23.1 3.4 17.9 29.4 21.3 23.3 24.2 8 25.7 4.3 19.4 30.3 26.2 29.5 1 0 7 108 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R 3.7 0.5 0.5 7.3 6.8 6.0 3.2 0.06 3.2 0.5 0.3 6.6 6.3 5.5 3.1 1.59 1.65 0.06 Percentile 25 50 75 1.53 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 7.6 6.1 Horizon B1 0.4 0.2 6.1 Min Max 3.3 0.6 2.7 4.0 2.9 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.2 6.7 0.7 1.6 0.2 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.7 6.55.7 0.53.0 0.5 6.1 0.2 5.3 7.1 2.8 6.3 6.2 3.2 5.4 2.9 45.639.035.126.9 43.9 36.9 47.2 31.7 41.0 23.3 38.4 30.4 35.036.2 3.628.8 32.0 2.41.58 4.4 32.7 40.2 0.08 22.8 38.3 32.9 1.47 33.6 33.9 34.8 1.67 25.9 37.0 37.1 0.06 29.3 37.6 31.6 0 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.37 0.36 0.05 0.73 0.07 0.36 0.68 12.1 10.7 13.6 SCG 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 0 4 4 2 2 2 2 Points Sampling Sampling Irrigation Area Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.9 6 3.4 7.1 3.7 4.3 5.9 Horizon A Min Max Table 28.6 Congupna clay Congupna 28.6 Table Soil Group Soil 1.6 3.6 0.5 2.95.7 4.25.1 0.2 3.34.6 0.2 5.52.4 3.7 1.1 4.90.4 6.0 0.9 4.0 0.4 3.8 0.1 5.3 1.8 5.64.8 0.4 6.2 0.3 5.0 5.7 3.8 0.2 4.0 5.1 0.4 5.9 1.8 4.2 5.3 0.3 2.1 5.3 0.3 3.1 0.4 195 12.9 180 210 185 195 205 48.041.537.227.9 47.3 41.4 48.6 36.6 41.7 27.2 37.8 28.7 25.732.9 9.044.1 4.3 17.41.52 10.2 27.2 38.0 0.02 26.7 40.3 1.48 19.1 56.6 31.7 23.7 1.530.08 38.9 31.9 32.2 0.008 1.50 46.7 34.4 0.07 1.52 48.7 1.53 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.09 Mean Std 2 2 2 2 4 41.0 11.6 30.5 55.9 31.9 38.9 50.2 2.88 0.66 2.37 3.82 2.42 2.67 3.35 2 13.6 13.0 14.2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Points Sampling Sampling 3 3 3 3 3 0 10 60 1500 2 Congupna clay Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) (% Silt g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric 2 Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Water retention characteristic Particle size distribution (g/cm ) Bulk density g/g) Organic matter (% Depth of horizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl ) Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g) Na (meq/100g) K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) conductivity Sat. hydraulic Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) cm /cm ) water (% capacity Available Soil Type Chemical Properties Properties Hydraulic Physical Properties Physical Soil Properties L i s

Table 28.7 Congupna clay loam t i n g 5 Soil Type Congupna clay loam Soil Group Irrigation Area SCG b y

Horizon A S

Horizon B1 o i l Percentile Percentile Soil Properties Sampling Sampling T Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 y p e

Physical Properties /

Particle size distribution S o i

Clay (% g/g) 6 23.0 6.7 16.2 33.0 16.9 21.5 29.1 6 47.0 7.8 39.3 58.8 41.4 44.5 53.6 l

P

Silt (% g/g) 6 36.7 3.4 32.2 39.4 34.2 37.7 39.2 6 30.5 4.3 23.1 36.2 29.6 31.0 31.8 r o

Sand (% g/g) 6 37.6 7.2 29.9 46.4 32.0 37.1 43.2 6 22.6 7.8 11.6 30.3 14.8 24.6 29.4 p e

3 r Bulk density (g/cm ) 1.64 t 6 1.40 0.07 1.32 1.51 1.36 1.38 1.45 6 1.68 0.07 1.63 1.79 1.66 1.73 y Organic matter (% g/g) 5 5.0 1.7 2.5 6.7 3.8 5.5 6.4 5 1.4 0.2 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.5 Depth of horizon (mm) 6 207 12.1 200 230 200 200 210 2 180 150 210 Chemical Properties EC (dS/cm) 5 0.20 0.02 0.18 0.22 0.19 0.21 0.21 5 0.18 0.06 0.13 0.27 0.13 0.14 0.23

pH (H2 O) 5 7.2 0.4 6.9 7.8 7.0 7.1 7.3 5 7.7 0.1 7.6 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.8 5 pH (CaCl 2 ) 6.7 0.2 6.5 7.1 6.6 6.6 6.7 5 7.0 0.2 6.9 7.3 6.9 6.9 7.1 Ca (meq/100g) 5 11.9 2.0 9.5 15.0 10.6 12.0 12.8 5 10.1 2.7 6.8 14.0 8.6 9.4 11.8 Mg (meq/100g) 5 6.7 2.0 5.0 10.0 5.3 6.3 7.5 5 7.9 2.8 5.4 12.0 5.9 6.6 10.1 Na (meq/100g) 5 0.8 0.3 0.5 1.3 0.6 0.8 0.9 5 1.1 0.4 0.7 1.6 0.7 1.1 1.5 K (meq/100g) 5 1.1 0.2 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.3 5 1.2 0.2 0.9 1.4 0.9 1.2 1.3 ESP 5 3.9 0.9 2.9 4.8 2.9 3.9 4.8 5 5.4 1.0 3.9 6.4 4.9 5.5 6.2 Hydraulic Properties Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 5 37.1 20.6 23.6 72.6 24.1 28.0 45.94 2.35 2.43 0.42 5.65 0.52 1.67 4.19 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 5 0.12 0.17 0.02 0.42 0.03 0.05 0.15 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 2 6.7 6.0 7.4 2 13.6 13.6 13.7 Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 2 48.6 44.2 53.0 2 48.7 48.1 49.2 10 2 43.0 41.5 44.5 2 45.2 44.9 45.6 60 2 41.1 40.0 42.3 2 43.3 42.6 44.0 1500 2 36.3 35.5 37.1 2 31.6 31.2 31.9 1 0 9 110 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R 2.6 1.5 0.7 8.3 7.0 4.3 22.7 0.09 1.6 1.1 0.7 8.0 6.9 3.5 17.2 24.0 13.6 1.72 1.76 0.08 Percentile 25 50 75 12.8 1.65 2.3 0.3 0.8 0.5 32.8 5.2 Horizon B1 0.1 0.4 1.6 Min Max 1.9 1.0 0.5 3.7 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.1 2.0 0.8 0.9 3.8 1.6 1.9 2.1 7.86.7 0.93.4 0.5 5.9 1.1 5.5 8.8 2.0 7.5 7.1 5.7 6.4 2.5 9.4 4.3 4.1 15.0 5.8 9.1 13.2 175 79.7 110 300 120 135 250 34.328.0 3.725.3 30.6 4.718.6 5.1 23.8 38.8 20.1 7.5 36.8 30.7 11.1 34.6 34.0 25.6 29.6 23.3 26.0 37.9 23.5 29.7 27.0 28.539.4 7.932.1 15.8 7.61.70 7.7 27.3 46.4 0.09 21.5 49.8 25.3 1.53 47.4 28.1 33.3 1.83 26.1 37.4 33.0 0.08 30.8 48.1 0.02 37.3 0.05 0.14 0.07 14.5 10.7 SCG 10.30 12.50 0.05 33.78 0.19 7.50 17.87 6 6 6 6 6 6 14 14 14 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 14 11 14 11 Points Sampling Sampling Irrigation Area Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.9 1D 1.3 31.3 5.7 11.2 17.2 Horizon A Min Max Soil Group Soil 9.0 2.7 0.7 1.67.5 4.06.6 1.0 2.24.0 0.7 5.72.5 2.7 0.7 5.11.2 8.5 1.3 3.3 0.6 2.9 1.0 7.3 0.4 6.9 0.1 5.8 0.1 6.3 7.8 4.1 0.3 3.7 6.8 3.4 8.2 1.2 3.9 7.1 0.3 3.2 4.0 1.0 3.4 1.7 196 35.9 150 250 170 185 240 38.528.8 3.624.9 2.6 35.715.5 3.3 26.1 43.1 5.2 22.5 33.6 35.9 10.4 31.2 27.3 36.6 25.0 23.3 28.4 43.1 12.1 23.5 29.2 14.2 25.8 17.0 21.237.4 13.341.4 8.6 3.51.62 13.2 23.6 44.1 0.12 21.3 49.9 1.36 10.6 73.0 26.4 17.2 1.800.11 32.4 39.9 33.1 1.53 39.8 0.04 44.1 1.61 48.8 0.06 1.72 0.18 0.07 0.1 0.13 12.9 Table 28.8 East Sheppartonfine sandy loam Mean Std 6 6 6 6 6 13.3 3.4 8.7 18.5 12.2 12.5 15.8 11 14 58.7 38.4 10.3 143.3 27.2 49.0 80.9 12.31 23.35 1.76 91.19 2.38 4.75 8.00 14 14 14 14 11 14 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Points Sampling Sampling 3 3 3 3 3 0 10 60 1500 2 East loam Shepparton fine sandy Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) (% Silt g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric 2 Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Water retention characteristic Particle size distribution (g/cm ) Bulk density g/g) Organic matter (% Depth of horizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl ) Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g) Na (meq/100g) K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) conductivity Sat. hydraulic Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) cm /cm ) water (% capacity Available Soil Type Chemical Properties Properties Hydraulic Soil Properties Physical Properties Physical L i s

Table 28.9 Goulburn clay loam t i n g 4 Soil Type Goulburn clay loam Soil Group Irrigation Area SCG b y

Horizon A S

Horizon B1 o i l Percentile Percentile Soil Properties Sampling Sampling T Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 y p e

Physical Properties /

Particle size distribution S o i

Clay (% g/g) 4 13.6 2.1 11.5 16.3 12.0 13.4 15.3 4 30.7 4.1 27.3 36.5 27.8 29.4 33.5 l

P

Silt (% g/g) 4 40.3 0.8 39.3 41.3 39.7 40.3 40.9 4 37.9 3.4 33.6 41.5 35.2 38.2 40.5 r o

Sand (% g/g) 4 46.0 2.9 42.5 49.1 43.8 46.3 48.3 4 31.5 5.8 24.1 38.1 27.6 31.9 35.3 p e

3 r Bulk density (g/cm ) 1.65 t 4 1.65 0.01 1.64 1.66 1.64 1.65 1.66 4 1.69 0.05 1.63 1.74 1.70 1.74 y Organic matter (% g/g) 4 3.3 0.7 2.5 4.2 2.8 3.3 3.8 4 1.5 0.3 1.2 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.8 Depth of horizon (mm) 4 283 22.2 260 310 265 280 300 0 Chemical Properties EC (dS/cm) 4 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.06 4 0.06 0.02 0.04 0.09 0.04 0.06 0.08

pH (H2 O) 4 6.0 0.2 5.8 6.2 5.9 6.1 6.2 4 6.7 0.4 6.2 7.0 6.4 6.7 7.0 4 pH (CaCl 2 ) 5.2 0.2 4.9 5.4 5.1 5.3 5.4 4 5.8 0.2 5.5 6.0 5.7 5.9 6.0 Ca (meq/100g) 4 5.2 0.8 4.0 5.9 4.7 5.5 5.8 4 6.2 1.7 3.8 7.7 4.9 6.6 7.5 Mg (meq/100g) 4 1.1 0.4 0.6 1.6 0.8 1.1 1.4 4 3.4 1.3 1.5 4.3 2.5 3.8 4.2 Na (meq/100g) 4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.6 K (meq/100g) 4 0.8 0.4 0.5 1.4 0.5 0.6 1.1 4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.6 ESP 4 1.9 0.5 1.5 2.6 1.5 1.7 2.2 4 4.0 1.3 2.6 5.4 3.0 4.1 5.1 Hydraulic Properties Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 4 11.6 3.2 8.0 14.9 9.0 11.7 14.24 1.19 0.04 1.14 1.24 1.16 1.18 1.21 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 4 0.14 0.03 0.10 0.17 0.12 0.14 0.16 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 0 0 Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 0 0 10 0 0 60 0 0 1500 0 0 1 1 1 112 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R 5.2 1.1 0.9 8.4 7.5 6.6 7.1 0.12 4.4 0.7 0.6 6.7 7.1 6.3 5.8 26.4 30.2 1.63 1.72 0.08 Percentile 25 50 75 17.3 1.55 3.8 0.5 1.4 0.4 26.0 5.0 Horizon B1 0.2 0.2 2.0 Min Max 4.1 1.4 1.4 6.4 3.1 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.3 8.4 6.2 2.2 1.0 1.0 5.0 1.5 2.1 2.4 7.16.3 0.45.7 0.5 6.4 2.0 5.5 7.8 2.6 7.4 6.8 9.6 5.9 4.0 152 27.1 120 200 140 145 160 42.939.6 4.936.2 38.9 6.124.8 7.7 33.0 52.0 25.7 8.0 50.3 39.5 13.8 48.8 41.3 36.0 34.6 32.8 38.1 44.8 35.0 42.5 40.0 33.037.2 13.129.8 6.5 6.11.64 11.0 29.1 50.5 17.0 0.13 53.4 26.3 1.41 57.7 35.6 33.3 1.91 21.3 35.7 40.6 0.13 25.3 39.4 0.15 36.4 0.04 0.52 0.06 0.43 0.59 0.01 1.92 0.07 0.23 0.44 14.9 4.0 8.2 19.2 13.6 14.8 18.6 SCG 6 6 6 6 6 6 20 20 20 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 16 20 17 Points Sampling Sampling Irrigation Area Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 0.3 0.7 1.1 1.3 4 1.9 23.0 3.1 4.2 6.4 Horizon A Min Max Table 28.10 Goulburn loam Goulburn 28.10 Table Soil Group Soil 5.8 4.6 0.8 3.46.4 6.75.8 0.8 4.25.6 1.1 5.53.1 4.6 1.4 4.90.8 8.4 1.3 5.1 0.7 3.5 1.2 8.3 1.8 5.86.3 0.4 9.4 0.2 5.2 6.1 6.5 0.2 4.6 5.4 4.2 6.6 2.2 5.5 5.9 0.3 2.9 6.3 0.3 4.1 0.6 187 64.1 130 340 150 155 200 41.838.6 5.835.5 6.0 37.124.9 5.9 32.6 50.1 5.2 28.8 46.5 37.5 17.9 43.4 34.7 38.9 32.1 32.2 35.8 48.1 20.6 33.3 45.9 25.4 42.0 28.3 17.738.6 9.643.7 5.71.50 4.2 8.2 29.0 0.12 36.5 31.3 49.2 1.33 9.0 57.7 33.9 1.780.17 16.9 35.3 39.1 1.41 24.1 0.18 46.0 42.3 1.48 0.05 50.2 1.58 0.73 0.07 0.1 0.13 Mean Std 6 6 6 6 6 13.6 6.7 4.2 22.0 8.3 14.4 18.3 20 28.7 15.2 5.0 64.4 17.1 27.1 33.3 3.77 6.28 0.44 27.42 0.95 1.88 2.69 20 17 20 20 20 17 20 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 Points Sampling Sampling 3 3 3 3 3 0 10 60 1500 2 Goulburn loam Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) (% Silt g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric 2 Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Water retention characteristic Particle size distribution (g/cm ) Bulk density g/g) Organic matter (% Depth of horizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl ) Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g) Na (meq/100g) K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) conductivity Sat. hydraulic Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) cm /cm ) water (% capacity Available Soil Type Chemical Properties Properties Hydraulic Physical Properties Physical Soil Properties L i s

Table 28.11 Goulburn loam friable phase t i n g 3 Soil Type Goulburn loam friable phase Soil Group Irrigation Area SCG b y

Horizon A S

Horizon B1 o i l Percentile Percentile Soil Properties Sampling Sampling T Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 y p e

Physical Properties /

Particle size distribution S o i

Clay (% g/g) 4 17.1 4.3 12.0 21.0 13.6 17.7 20.6 4 54.1 4.8 48.2 59.8 50.9 54.3 57.3 l

P

Silt (% g/g) 4 31.1 2.9 28.2 33.7 28.6 31.2 33.5 4 20.7 3.9 17.5 26.0 17.8 19.7 23.7 r o

Sand (% g/g) 4 51.9 7.1 45.7 59.8 45.9 51.0 57.8 4 25.1 5.2 19.1 30.5 20.9 25.5 29.3 p e

3 r Bulk density (g/cm ) 1.55 t 4 1.75 0.06 1.68 1.81 1.71 1.76 1.80 4 1.57 0.03 1.52 1.60 1.58 1.59 y Organic matter (% g/g) 4 2.9 0.6 2.5 3.8 2.6 2.7 3.3 4 1.6 0.1 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.7 Depth of horizon (mm) 4 195 17.3 180 220 185 190 205 0 Chemical Properties EC (dS/cm) 4 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.07 0.1 4 0.11 0.11 0.06 0.27 0.06 0.06 0.17

pH (H2 O) 4 6.0 0.5 5.3 6.4 5.6 6.1 6.4 4 7.6 0.7 7.1 8.6 7.2 7.4 8.1 4 pH (CaCl 2 ) 5.3 0.4 4.8 5.6 5.0 5.4 5.6 4 6.7 0.8 6.2 7.8 6.2 6.4 7.2 Ca (meq/100g) 4 3.9 0.2 3.6 4.1 3.7 3.9 4.1 4 6.6 0.6 6.0 7.4 6.2 6.6 7.1 Mg (meq/100g) 4 2.3 0.6 1.9 3.1 2.0 2.1 2.6 4 7.6 1.7 5.2 9.4 6.5 7.8 8.7 Na (meq/100g) 4 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.7 4 1.4 1.3 0.6 3.3 0.7 1.0 2.2 K (meq/100g) 4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 4 1.1 0.2 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.2 ESP 4 6.9 2.6 5.3 10.8 5.4 5.8 8.4 4 8.1 5.9 4.2 16.8 4.4 5.7 11.7 Hydraulic Properties Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 4 33.0 8.6 20.8 40.6 27.2 35.3 38.94 4.22 2.85 2.17 8.41 2.49 3.15 5.96 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 4 1.27 1.25 0.49 3.12 0.52 0.74 2.02 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 2 12.3 11.2 13.5 2 12.0 11.7 12.3 Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 2 37.8 37.3 38.3 2 50.7 50.0 51.5 10 2 34.2 34.2 34.2 2 43.6 41.9 45.3 60 2 30.5 29.6 31.4 2 39.1 37.6 40.6 1500 2 21.8 20.7 23.0 2 31.6 30.2 33.0 1 1 3 114 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R 3.4 1.2 0.5 8.0 7.1 4.3 14.4 0.12 1.7 0.8 0.3 7.4 6.4 2.7 11.1 1.89 1.94 0.08 Percentile 25 50 75 1.74 1.3 0.4 0.6 0.1 17.0 9.3 Horizon B1 0.4 0.1 8.2 Min Max 2.3 1.7 1.1 4.7 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.2 1.4 0.3 1.1 1.7 1.2 1.5 1.7 7.36.4 0.83.4 0.8 6.3 1.6 5.4 8.2 2.4 7.3 6.7 5.8 5.7 2.5 42.837.633.823.6 37.9 31.9 47.8 28.1 43.3 17.9 39.5 29.3 20.928.1 11.351.0 11.6 1.81.84 37.3 9.7 26.0 0.14 13.8 36.7 30.0 1.64 17.4 58.4 26.8 1.95 28.0 45.2 28.20.09 54.4 29.5 0.04 56.7 0.04 0.14 0.05 3.99 3.80 1.63 9.60 1.66 2.36 6.31 11.8 3.8 14.0 14.0 14.0 SCG 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 0 4 4 2 2 2 2 Points Sampling Sampling Irrigation Area Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 0.2 0.3 0.7 1.0 2 5.2 6.0 5.3 5.5 5.8 Horizon A Min Max Table 28.12 Katamatite loam Soil Group Soil 0.3 4.3 1.9 2.55.9 6.85.3 0.5 2.95.2 0.5 5.52.1 3.9 3.2 4.90.5 6.5 1.6 5.6 0.4 3.2 0.3 6.0 0.9 5.65.5 10.0 0.4 0.2 5.0 5.8 4.3 0.1 3.3 5.2 0.9 6.2 1.0 3.8 5.7 0.3 7.1 1.6 0.4 3.1 0.6 220 21.6 200 250 205 215 235 49.045.142.631.7 40.6 36.9 57.5 33.9 53.3 24.5 51.2 38.8 11.728.9 2.059.5 3.6 10.21.62 3.2 26.1 14.6 0.12 55.3 34.0 1.44 10.4 63.0 26.5 10.9 1.700.12 57.3 27.7 12.9 1.54 0.06 59.8 31.3 1.66 0.06 61.6 1.69 0.18 0.06 0.11 0.17 Mean Std 2 2 2 2 4 26.6 16.0 9.5 46.1 14.1 25.4 39.1 7.56 5.52 9.59 2 13.5 12.4 14.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Points Sampling Sampling 3 3 3 3 3 0 10 60 1500 2 Katamatite loam Katamatite Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) (% Silt g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric 2 Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Water retention characteristic Particle size distribution (g/cm ) Bulk density g/g) Organic matter (% Depth of horizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl ) Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g) Na (meq/100g) K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) conductivity Sat. hydraulic Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) cm /cm ) water (% capacity Available Soil Type Chemical Properties Properties Hydraulic Physical Properties Physical Soil Properties L i s

Table 28.13 Koga clay loam t i n g 4 Soil Type Koga clay loam Soil Group Irrigation Area RC b y

Horizon A S

Horizon B1 o i l Percentile Percentile Soil Properties Sampling Sampling T Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 y p e

Physical Properties /

Particle size distribution S o i

Clay (% g/g) 4 29.6 11.8 21.7 47.0 22.4 24.9 36.9 4 39.7 12.8 23.1 54.0 31.0 40.9 48.5 l

P

Silt (% g/g) 4 41.3 11.0 28.5 54.5 32.9 41.1 49.6 4 40.1 9.8 33.2 54.5 34.2 36.3 46.0 r o

Sand (% g/g) 4 29.1 17.0 8.3 44.7 15.4 31.7 42.8 4 20.2 8.3 8.5 28.0 15.2 22.1 25.2 p e

3 r Bulk density (g/cm ) 1.52 t 4 1.52 0.09 1.41 1.63 1.46 1.52 1.59 4 1.54 0.04 1.49 1.57 1.56 1.56 y Organic matter (% g/g) 2 4.0 3.4 4.6 2 2.0 1.8 2.1 Depth of horizon (mm) 4 173 20.6 150 200 160 170 185 4 228 20.6 200 250 215 230 240 Chemical Properties EC (dS/cm) 2 0.18 0.13 0.23 2 0.29 0.27 0.3

pH (H2 O) 2 6.3 5.9 6.7 2 7.6 7.5 7.6 2 pH (CaCl 2 ) 5.7 5.3 6.1 2 6.8 6.7 6.8 Ca (meq/100g) 2 7.8 7.5 8.1 2 8.1 7.4 8.7 Mg (meq/100g) 2 4.3 3.5 5.1 2 8.8 8.2 9.3 Na (meq/100g) 2 1.1 0.7 1.5 2 3.1 2.1 4.0 K (meq/100g) 2 0.6 0.4 0.7 2 0.5 0.4 0.5 ESP 2 7.8 5.9 9.7 2 14.7 11.5 17.9 Hydraulic Properties Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 4 18.1 11.6 9.8 35.0 10.6 13.8 25.64 2.14 1.83 0.82 4.80 0.95 1.47 3.32 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 2 0.75 0.70 0.79 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 4 12.2 1.7 10.0 14.0 10.9 12.3 13.4 4 15.8 2.8 13.1 18.5 13.4 15.8 18.2 Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 4 42.0 5.3 35.3 47.8 38.0 42.4 46.0 4 51.7 6.4 43.7 58.6 46.7 52.2 56.7 10 4 37.6 3.7 32.7 41.1 34.9 38.4 40.4 4 45.2 6.1 37.6 52.1 40.7 45.5 49.6 60 4 32.7 3.0 28.6 35.6 30.6 33.4 34.9 4 40.7 6.0 33.3 47.7 36.3 41.0 45.2 26.9 1500 4 25.5 4.8 19.9 29.6 21.5 26.2 29.5 4 29.4 3.7 24.5 33.6 29.7 31.9 1 1 5 116 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R 34.0 35.0 1.51 1.54 Percentile 25 50 75 31.6 1.46 2.2 1.0 11.7 Horizon B1 1.7 0.4 10.9 Min Max 8.62.0 0.7 7.5 9.6 2.2 1.96.76.1 2.5 6.2 6.6 5.9 6.7 4.4 6.2 7.9 205 77.2 160 320 160 170 250 49.846.5 4.942.7 46.1 4.333.3 4.5 41.5 56.7 36.3 2.3 51.3 46.3 30.1 46.3 48.2 43.1 35.0 39.5 46.6 53.3 44.1 49.8 45.8 51.929.2 4.118.9 47.5 5.71.50 2.9 24.2 57.3 0.05 15.2 37.3 49.1 1.43 22.2 51.5 25.6 1.55 16.8 27.5 54.7 0.31 19.1 32.7 21.0 0.17 0.45 11.3 1.2113.2 2.2 1.16 11.4 1.26 16.2 11.5 12.6 14.9 RC 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 Points Sampling Sampling Irrigation Area Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 0.6 4 Horizon A Min Max Soil Group Soil Table 28.14 Koyuga clay loam clay Koyuga 28.14 Table 3.4 3.45.75.2 3.4 3.64.1 5.41.2 5.00.4 6.0 3.1 5.4 3.9 4.0 1.0 4.2 0.2 1.4 135 17.3 120 160 125 130 145 40.035.5 3.531.5 4.3 35.225.1 4.9 29.0 43.6 4.7 24.7 38.1 37.6 19.7 35.4 32.9 40.5 29.7 27.9 37.3 42.3 21.2 33.0 38.0 25.5 35.1 29.1 20.939.4 5.839.8 5.0 13.41.64 3.2 34.2 27.4 0.10 36.0 45.3 1.51 16.7 43.2 35.4 21.3 1.740.22 37.3 39.0 25.0 1.57 39.9 43.3 1.66 42.2 1.72 0.21 0.23 13.1 10.6 15.6 Mean Std 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 23.4 15.8 37.0 3.63 2.63 4.46 4 4 10.3 2.6 8.2 14.1 8.7 9.5 11.9 4 4 4 2 Points Sampling Sampling 3 3 3 3 3 0 10 60 1500 2 Koyuga clay loam clay Koyuga Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) (% Silt g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric 2 Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Water retention characteristic Particle size distribution (g/cm ) Bulk density g/g) Organic matter (% Depth of horizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl ) Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g) Na (meq/100g) K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) conductivity Sat. hydraulic Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) cm /cm ) water (% capacity Available Soil Type Chemical Properties Properties Hydraulic Soil Properties Physical Properties Physical L i s

Table 28.15 Lemnos loam t i n g 3 Soil Type Lemnos loam Soil Group Irrigation Area SCG b y

Horizon A S

Horizon B1 o i l Percentile Percentile Soil Properties Sampling Sampling T Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 y p e

Physical Properties /

Particle size distribution S o i

Clay (% g/g) 38 18.0 8.3 7.4 41.7 11.6 16.2 21.9 37 42.6 13.9 14.5 70.4 32.4 43.6 51.3 l

P

Silt (% g/g) 38 36.4 9.0 23.6 65.0 30.3 35.9 40.9 37 29.4 7.3 15.4 44.7 24.6 29.9 34.4 r o

Sand (% g/g) 38 45.6 12.5 16.7 65.1 43.0 47.2 53.6 37 28.0 11.6 4.2 63.5 20.4 26.3 35.7 p e

3 r Bulk density (g/cm ) 1.59 t 38 1.51 0.19 1.00 1.77 1.40 1.56 1.62 37 1.65 0.10 1.48 1.94 1.63 1.73 y Organic matter (% g/g) 20 4.7 1.6 2.7 8.2 3.5 4.3 5.6 20 2.0 0.7 1.1 3.8 1.6 1.7 2.5 Depth of horizon (mm) 38 166 33.6 100 290 150 165 180 21 151 46.1 60 250 128 140 170 Chemical Properties EC (dS/cm) 20 0.21 0.15 0.06 0.67 0.13 0.17 0.24 20 0.14 0.08 0.05 0.3 0.08 0.11 0.21

pH (H2 O) 20 6.9 0.6 5.8 8.6 6.5 6.9 7.1 20 7.3 0.6 6.3 8.8 7.0 7.3 7.7 20 pH (CaCl 2 ) 6.3 0.7 5.4 8.6 5.9 6.3 6.6 20 6.5 0.8 5.5 8.3 6.1 6.3 6.8 Ca (meq/100g) 20 6.8 2.2 3.9 12.0 5.3 6.1 8.6 20 5.1 2.5 1.9 14.0 3.8 4.9 5.7 Mg (meq/100g) 20 3.8 1.5 1.4 7.1 2.9 3.5 4.4 20 4.3 1.8 1.6 7.5 2.8 4.0 5.7 Na (meq/100g) 20 1.1 1.0 0.2 4.6 0.5 0.7 1.3 20 1.5 1.1 0.3 4.8 0.8 1.3 2.0 K (meq/100g) 20 0.7 0.4 0.1 1.5 0.4 0.7 1.1 20 0.6 0.4 0.2 1.4 0.3 0.6 0.9 ESP 20 8.9 6.7 2.3 25.5 3.7 6.5 12.2 20 13.1 6.8 2.9 28.2 7.2 12.5 17.6 Hydraulic Properties Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 38 45.2 30.6 4.2 127.5 21.0 41.8 67.037 6.05 5.37 0.14 29.40 2.79 5.11 8.21 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 19 1.41 1.27 0.23 4.85 0.66 1.11 1.74 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 15 13.2 5.0 3.7 22.1 9.3 13.4 16.7 18 11.9 3.7 4.3 18.2 9.3 12.1 14.1 Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 15 46.1 7.0 36.0 61.5 41.4 45.1 50.4 18 42.7 4.8 33.7 50.4 40.2 42.5 46.9 10 15 38.4 7.3 29.3 50.5 31.7 37.0 43.8 18 39.0 5.8 26.4 47.0 35.7 38.9 45.0 60 15 34.5 7.0 25.2 46.0 27.4 32.9 40.6 18 35.2 6.2 24.0 44.9 32.4 34.0 40.6 23.2 1500 15 25.2 5.0 15.4 33.3 23.8 25.2 29.0 18 27.1 6.1 15.1 39.0 27.8 29.7 1 1 7 118 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R 5.4 1.0 1.1 9.4 7.2 6.1 4.5 0.08 4.1 0.5 0.4 6.1 6.8 5.7 3.8 22.9 26.9 1.66 1.79 0.06 Percentile 25 50 75 20.2 1.63 1.4 0.3 1.4 0.4 11.5 3.5 Horizon B1 0.2 0.3 3.3 Min Max 4.1 1.3 2.2 5.9 3.1 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.5 6.6 3.3 1.8 0.2 1.4 2.1 1.7 1.9 1.9 6.75.8 0.63.9 0.5 5.8 0.7 5.1 7.5 2.6 6.5 6.4 4.7 5.4 3.6 45.538.2 4.934.2 41.5 5.823.5 5.5 34.8 52.4 30.0 4.3 46.8 42.0 19.4 42.3 44.0 34.9 29.0 30.9 35.5 48.9 32.2 41.4 37.5 46.632.1 9.921.3 31.9 6.61.69 5.7 23.0 60.1 0.09 14.6 42.9 38.7 1.58 31.7 47.4 26.3 1.81 17.0 33.0 54.5 0.06 19.6 36.1 0.02 25.3 0.04 0.09 0.05 3.85 9.01 0.10 25.92 0.12 0.21 2.06 14.6 2.8 11.2 17.8 12.5 14.7 16.7 SCG 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 4 0 8 8 4 4 4 4 Points Sampling Sampling Irrigation Area Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 0.3 0.3 0.9 1.6 3 2.8 6.4 3.3 4.5 5.8 Horizon A Min Max Soil Group Soil 1.4 Table 28.16 Lemnos loam friable phase 3.3 0.8 2.16.0 4.65.3 0.5 2.84.0 0.6 5.31.9 3.3 1.0 4.70.3 6.8 0.3 3.7 0.6 3.1 0.1 6.1 1.4 5.74.5 0.5 6.1 0.2 4.9 5.9 2.3 0.3 3.3 5.2 0.4 6.4 1.7 3.7 5.9 0.2 1.9 4.4 0.3 2.1 0.4 179 57.2 100 280 135 190 200 43.737.9 4.733.7 5.1 39.421.4 4.9 33.1 50.3 3.3 28.9 44.8 40.4 17.4 39.9 34.2 42.6 24.2 29.9 36.8 47.0 18.8 33.1 41.6 22.1 37.6 24.1 19.940.8 5.839.3 7.3 14.31.67 7.7 28.0 32.3 0.09 29.8 48.7 1.53 15.9 49.5 36.2 18.3 1.790.08 31.2 40.8 22.2 1.58 0.03 40.9 47.7 1.68 0.04 45.5 1.74 0.13 0.06 0.07 0.1 Mean Std 4 4 4 4 8 46.1 21.9 16.0 80.9 29.8 42.4 63.7 8.54 14.82 0.30 43.27 0.40 2.74 9.22 4 16.4 3.6 12.9 20.8 13.6 16.0 19.3 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Points Sampling Sampling 3 3 3 3 3 0 10 60 1500 2 Lemnos loam friable phase Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) (% Silt g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric 2 Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Water retention characteristic Particle size distribution (g/cm ) Bulk density g/g) Organic matter (% Depth of horizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl ) Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g) Na (meq/100g) K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) conductivity Sat. hydraulic Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) cm /cm ) water (% capacity Available Soil Type Chemical Properties Properties Hydraulic Physical Properties Physical Soil Properties L i s

Table 28.17 Lemnos loam semi friable phase t i n g 3 Soil Type Lemnos loam semi friable phase Soil Group Irrigation Area SCG b y

Horizon A S

Horizon B1 o i l Percentile Percentile Soil Properties Sampling Sampling T Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 y p e

Physical Properties /

Particle size distribution S o i

Clay (% g/g) 4 9.1 1.9 7.6 11.9 8.0 8.5 10.2 4 45.3 3.5 40.9 49.4 42.8 45.4 47.8 l

P

Silt (% g/g) 4 33.6 1.2 31.8 34.4 32.9 34.2 34.4 4 25.9 3.7 23.0 31.4 23.8 24.6 28.0 r o

Sand (% g/g) 4 57.2 2.4 54.1 59.7 55.6 57.5 58.9 4 28.8 2.7 26.0 32.2 26.8 28.5 30.8 p e

3 r Bulk density (g/cm ) 1.60 t 4 1.61 0.03 1.58 1.64 1.60 1.62 1.63 4 1.66 0.12 1.49 1.73 1.72 1.73 y Organic matter (% g/g) 4 4.1 0.6 3.6 4.8 3.6 3.9 4.5 4 2.5 0.5 1.8 3.1 2.2 2.6 2.9 Depth of horizon (mm) 4 203 18.9 190 230 190 195 215 0 Chemical Properties EC (dS/cm) 4 0.16 0.06 0.08 0.22 0.11 0.16 0.21 4 0.10 0.04 0.06 0.15 0.07 0.1 0.14

pH (H2 O) 4 5.0 0.3 4.7 5.3 4.8 5.0 5.2 4 6.2 0.4 5.9 6.8 6.0 6.1 6.5 4 pH (CaCl 2 ) 4.6 0.2 4.4 4.8 4.5 4.6 4.7 4 5.5 0.6 5.0 6.3 5.2 5.4 5.9 Ca (meq/100g) 4 3.7 0.4 3.1 4.0 3.5 3.9 4.0 4 6.0 2.4 4.2 9.5 4.5 5.1 7.4 Mg (meq/100g) 4 1.2 0.2 0.9 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.3 4 3.8 1.0 2.5 4.9 3.1 3.8 4.5 Na (meq/100g) 4 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 4 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.6 K (meq/100g) 4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 4 0.5 0.4 0.2 1.1 0.3 0.4 0.8 ESP 4 1.8 0.5 1.5 2.5 1.5 1.6 2.1 4 4.4 1.8 2.4 6.7 3.2 4.3 5.7 Hydraulic Properties Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 4 91.4 56.9 31.8 143.3 42.8 95.2 140.04 5.38 7.14 1.19 16.00 1.21 2.16 9.54 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 4 0.64 0.56 0.18 1.44 0.25 0.47 1.03 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 2 12.5 12.2 12.7 2 8.3 8.2 8.5 Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 2 40.9 40.4 41.4 2 43.6 39.5 47.8 10 2 29.9 28.7 31.1 2 36.5 31.1 41.9 60 2 25.5 23.8 27.1 2 32.8 27.0 38.7 1500 2 17.4 16.5 18.4 2 28.2 22.9 33.4 1 1 9 120 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R Percentile 25 50 75 Horizon B1 Min Max 4.7 0.5 0.9 4.2 1.4 6.9 6.1 6.4 175 140 210 40.134.832.122.7 37.8 30.1 42.5 27.1 39.5 18.5 37.1 26.8 32.525.741.81.73 22.0 20.4 43.0 36.6 30.9 1.62 47.1 0.07 1.84 2.95 12.1 11.6 12.7 MV 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 Points Sampling Sampling Irrigation Area Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 3 Horizon A Min Max Table 28.18 Moira loam Soil Group Soil 2.9 5.8 5.1 3.8 1.8 0.3 0.9 3.7 210 190 230 42.034.631.515.9 36.4 31.0 47.6 29.0 38.2 14.1 34.0 17.7 11.130.858.11.64 7.2 27.6 15.0 57.4 34.1 1.550.08 58.7 1.73 Mean Std 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 16.12 18.7 12.8 19.4 16.9 20.5 0.94 0.76 1.13 2 2 2 2 1 Points Sampling Sampling 3 3 3 3 3 0 10 60 1500 2 Moira loam Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) (% Silt g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric 2 Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Water retention characteristic Particle size distribution (g/cm ) Bulk density g/g) Organic matter (% Depth of horizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl ) Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g) Na (meq/100g) K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) conductivity Sat. hydraulic Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) cm /cm ) water (% capacity Available Soil Type Chemical Properties Properties Hydraulic Soil Properties Physical Properties Physical L i s

Table 28.19 Moira loam friable phase t i n g 2 Soil Type Moira loam friable phase Soil Group Irrigation Area MV b y

Horizon A S

Horizon B1 o i l Percentile Percentile Soil Properties Sampling Sampling T Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 y p e

Physical Properties /

Particle size distribution S o i

Clay (% g/g) 10 17.2 7.2 9.6 32.0 11.5 14.6 22.1 10 46.5 9.4 31.2 58.3 37.5 49.4 52.3 l

P

Silt (% g/g) 10 31.0 3.3 26.2 36.4 27.7 31.3 32.9 10 23.3 4.1 18.0 30.0 20.3 22.6 25.6 r o

Sand (% g/g) 10 51.7 6.3 40.3 61.8 47.4 52.2 56.4 10 30.2 6.3 22.3 41.4 25.8 29.9 32.5 p e

3 r Bulk density (g/cm ) 1.57 t 10 1.65 0.08 1.49 1.76 1.61 1.66 1.71 10 1.59 0.07 1.44 1.66 1.61 1.63 y Organic matter (% g/g) 7 4.7 1.0 3.1 5.9 3.8 5.0 5.3 7 2.6 0.3 2.3 3.1 2.4 2.5 2.7 Depth of horizon (mm) 10 205 37.5 150 280 190 200 230 4 203 42.7 150 250 170 205 235 Chemical Properties EC (dS/cm) 7 0.11 0.06 0.06 0.21 0.06 0.08 0.17 7 0.16 0.08 0.04 0.26 0.08 0.18 0.23

pH (H2 O) 7 6.3 0.9 5.3 7.9 5.9 5.9 7.1 7 6.9 1.0 6.0 8.5 6.2 6.4 7.8 7 pH (CaCl 2 ) 5.6 1.1 4.8 7.4 4.9 5.1 6.5 7 6.0 1.3 4.9 7.8 5.1 5.5 7.3 Ca (meq/100g) 7 5.7 2.8 4.1 12.0 4.3 4.7 5.4 7 5.7 4.7 2.0 16.0 3.3 3.9 6.2 Mg (meq/100g) 7 2.7 1.7 1.0 5.3 1.8 1.9 4.4 7 4.6 1.8 2.6 7.2 2.9 4.9 5.7 Na (meq/100g) 7 0.6 0.2 0.4 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.7 7 1.4 1.0 0.5 2.9 0.6 0.9 2.2 K (meq/100g) 7 0.5 0.4 0.2 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.9 7 0.5 0.4 0.2 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.8 ESP 7 6.9 2.0 2.8 8.8 6.2 7.1 8.5 7 12.8 7.9 2.1 23.8 6.5 13.7 19.3 Hydraulic Properties Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 10 16.5 9.0 4.4 30.3 10.5 14.4 25.36 2.83 3.47 0.78 9.86 1.19 1.50 2.18 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 6 0.25 0.43 0.01 1.09 0.01 0.04 0.33 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 4 15.4 3.7 12.8 20.9 13.0 14.1 17.8 4 12.2 2.8 8.6 14.5 9.9 12.8 14.5 Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 4 38.2 5.2 33.5 44.2 33.9 37.6 42.6 4 43.5 2.1 40.6 45.6 42.0 43.8 44.9 10 4 35.7 4.6 31.1 40.4 31.8 35.7 39.6 4 41.7 1.4 39.9 43.3 40.8 41.8 42.5 60 4 32.7 3.9 28.7 36.5 29.3 32.8 36.0 4 39.5 1.3 38.2 41.2 38.6 39.2 40.4 27.3 1500 4 20.3 2.7 17.8 24.1 18.7 19.6 21.9 4 29.5 2.5 27.2 32.0 29.3 31.6 1 2 1 122 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R 30.2 34.7 1.63 1.71 Percentile 25 50 75 28.9 1.57 2.6 1.2 11.1 Horizon B1 0.2 0.5 2.1 Min Max 5.81.2 1.0 6.8 3.0 10.0 1.2 1.17.46.5 1.3 6.9 7.0 6.2 8.0 5.4 7.2 9.7 205 21.7 180 240 190 200 220 46.943.6 8.640.7 38.1 7.331.4 6.7 35.4 57.9 33.7 4.0 53.8 41.6 26.9 50.6 43.1 39.3 37.6 36.7 40.8 57.5 38.1 51.5 47.2 43.832.3 12.023.8 33.9 10.41.63 18.8 60.9 7.6 0.08 45.1 35.5 16.2 1.52 37.8 22.9 33.4 1.71 32.3 57.0 17.30.11 42.7 21.8 32.7 0.06 0.2 0.32 0.1512.2 0.17 4.0 0.46 6.5 16.7 9.2 12.2 16.2 MV 6 6 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 3 6 6 6 3 6 6 6 6 Points Sampling Sampling Irrigation Area Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 1.9 6 Horizon A Min Max Soil Group Soil Table 28.20 Muckatah clay loam 1.7 1.47.06.2 2.1 6.44.5 6.40.8 5.81.1 7.6 5.25.2 6.7 1.7 8.4 0.1 8.0 0.5 1.5 1.8 7.6 217 16.3 200 240 200 215 230 39.936.9 4.634.3 5.3 35.229.0 5.6 31.8 46.7 4.9 29.6 45.3 36.7 23.9 43.1 33.3 38.1 36.0 30.5 34.6 44.5 25.6 31.6 41.6 27.2 39.5 33.8 31.039.5 7.329.4 8.7 21.31.54 6.6 27.4 41.5 0.09 21.0 50.9 1.38 25.6 39.4 31.8 31.0 1.640.08 23.4 40.6 35.8 1.54 30.2 45.8 1.55 32.4 1.57 0.06 0.12 Mean Std 6 6 6 6 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 3 6 18.16 13.0 4.8 7.9 42.7 2.2 12.6 5.6 14.4 11.5 20.0 5.8 7.8 8.9 0.64 0.30 0.35 1.17 0.44 0.56 0.76 6 6 6 3 Points Sampling Sampling 3 3 3 3 3 0 10 60 1500 2 Muckatah clay loam Muckatah clay Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) (% Silt g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric 2 Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Water retention characteristic Particle size distribution (g/cm ) Bulk density g/g) Organic matter (% Depth of horizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl ) Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g) Na (meq/100g) K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) conductivity Sat. hydraulic Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) cm /cm ) water (% capacity Available Soil Type Chemical Properties Properties Hydraulic Soil Properties Physical Properties Physical L i s

Table 28.21 Nanneella fine sandy loam t i n g 1D Soil Type Nanneella fine sandy loam Soil Group Irrigation Area RC b y

Horizon A S

Horizon B1 o i l Percentile Percentile Soil Properties Sampling Sampling T Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 y p e

Physical Properties /

Particle size distribution S o i

Clay (% g/g) 54 9.5 3.7 3.1 22.1 6.9 8.9 11.2 54 30.5 9.0 11.5 52.3 24.6 31.0 35.9 l

P

Silt (% g/g) 54 38.2 7.7 19.5 54.0 32.7 38.5 43.4 54 42.5 10.5 18.0 57.2 38.9 44.9 49.3 r o

Sand (% g/g) 54 52.3 9.2 35.0 76.6 46.2 51.6 60.5 54 27.1 11.5 9.4 59.8 19.4 24.6 32.3 p e

3 r Bulk density (g/cm ) 1.63 t 54 1.43 0.16 0.96 1.80 1.37 1.44 1.50 54 1.68 0.08 1.46 1.93 1.68 1.72 y Organic matter (% g/g) 44 7.7 2.1 1.9 12.0 6.8 7.8 8.9 44 2.6 0.6 1.0 3.8 2.3 2.5 2.9 Depth of horizon (mm) 14 186 37.2 140 260 150 175 220 14 193 48.7 110 320 170 180 220 Chemical Properties EC (dS/cm) 44 0.16 0.08 0.06 0.45 0.11 0.14 0.17 44 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.3 0.07 0.08 0.1

pH (H2 O) 44 5.7 0.3 5.2 6.7 5.6 5.6 5.8 44 6.8 0.5 5.9 8.3 6.6 6.8 7.1 44 pH (CaCl 2 ) 5.1 0.3 4.6 6.3 4.9 5.0 5.2 44 6.0 0.5 5.1 7.7 5.7 5.9 6.1 Ca (meq/100g) 44 6.9 1.6 2.0 11.0 6.2 7.1 8.0 44 6.5 1.6 2.0 10.0 5.8 6.6 7.4 Mg (meq/100g) 44 4.0 0.7 2.3 5.6 3.6 4.0 4.5 44 4.4 1.0 1.9 6.5 3.8 4.3 4.9 Na (meq/100g) 44 0.5 0.2 0.2 1.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 44 0.7 0.3 0.3 1.7 0.5 0.6 0.8 K (meq/100g) 44 0.7 0.5 0.1 2.1 0.3 0.5 1.1 44 0.4 0.3 0.1 1.5 0.2 0.4 0.5 ESP 44 4.8 2.6 1.5 19.4 3.6 4.3 5.5 44 5.7 1.8 3.1 12.8 4.5 5.3 6.6 Hydraulic Properties Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 52 46.4 27.5 10.3 130.5 28.1 38.2 60.912 9.59 6.64 0.65 20.38 3.47 10.14 13.87 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 43 3.98 7.17 0.01 36.18 0.20 1.23 3.28 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 8 20.4 6.7 12.9 31.1 15.3 18.1 26.3 8 15.4 6.6 10.1 30.8 11.7 13.9 15.4 Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 8 41.5 4.7 34.8 49.7 38.9 40.6 44.4 8 39.8 3.9 32.3 45.4 38.2 40.3 41.8 10 8 36.3 6.1 29.2 46.2 32.7 34.4 40.4 8 35.7 4.2 26.3 39.7 34.5 37.1 38.2 60 8 30.2 7.8 23.7 43.1 25.5 26.0 35.7 8 29.9 5.6 20.6 36.0 25.6 31.8 34.1 16.0 1500 8 15.9 4.1 7.6 21.8 14.9 16.4 17.5 8 20.3 6.7 7.8 26.8 22.5 25.4 1 2 3 124 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R 8.4 1.7 0.8 8.2 7.1 7.1 12.1 0.09 4.7 1.0 0.3 7.6 6.6 4.9 24.9 33.7 11.5 1.68 1.74 0.07 Percentile 25 50 75 19.6 1.59 2.0 0.6 1.1 0.1 12.3 8.9 Horizon B1 0.5 0.1 6.8 Min Max 5.2 3.9 1.5 9.7 1.9 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.5 2.2 0.8 1.1 2.9 1.6 2.3 2.7 7.46.4 0.94.8 0.9 6.3 2.6 5.1 8.3 2.5 7.3 6.7 7.1 5.7 2.6 192 31.3 160 230 170 180 230 40.336.8 8.533.9 10.0 32.326.0 10.5 25.8 51.6 23.1 48.2 8.1 32.7 44.4 28.2 17.1 39.0 24.2 36.4 35.7 47.1 33.9 45.6 44.1 34.627.8 19.137.6 16.9 7.51.66 12.8 66.4 15.3 18.3 0.13 18.0 37.6 1.42 51.4 31.1 22.5 1.84 27.2 47.7 28.50.07 40.0 33.7 0.02 48.4 0.05 0.1 0.06 0.18 0.29 0.01 0.52 10.5 2.5 10.8 3.3 5.9 15.7 9.6 10.6 12.5 MV 8 8 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 3 6 6 8 4 6 6 6 6 Points Sampling Sampling Irrigation Area Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 3 4.9 7.9 5.7 6.7 7.4 Horizon A Min Max Table 28.22 Naring loam Naring 28.22 Table Soil Group Soil 1.2 4.1 0.2 3.85.9 4.25.3 0.7 3.94.8 0.7 5.03.3 4.1 0.5 4.50.6 6.6 0.5 4.2 0.4 4.3 0.1 6.0 2.8 5.46.5 0.2 5.5 0.4 4.8 6.1 4.0 0.2 4.5 5.4 0.7 6.5 2.9 4.6 5.9 0.5 3.2 5.1 0.6 3.7 0.7 160 18.5 130 180 145 165 175 39.934.0 4.930.5 6.1 34.421.9 5.7 26.4 47.0 4.9 22.9 42.9 36.8 15.2 38.5 30.1 38.0 28.2 27.5 33.1 43.6 18.7 29.4 37.7 21.4 34.1 25.6 21.131.2 6.647.7 5.2 13.91.68 6.8 24.7 32.3 0.07 41.2 38.4 1.57 15.9 61.3 25.7 19.5 1.770.11 43.0 33.0 25.9 1.64 0.03 45.9 34.6 1.67 0.08 50.7 1.73 0.16 0.09 0.1 0.13 Mean Std 5 5 5 5 8 20.7 12.1 6.6 39.4 12.1 17.7 30.2 1.90 1.36 0.22 4.48 0.97 1.65 2.62 5 12.1 3.4 6.6 14.7 10.0 13.2 14.7 8 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 4 Points Sampling Sampling 3 3 3 3 3 0 10 60 1500 2 Naring loam Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) (% Silt g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric 2 Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Water retention characteristic Particle size distribution (g/cm ) Bulk density g/g) Organic matter (% Depth of horizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl ) Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g) Na (meq/100g) K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) conductivity Sat. hydraulic Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) cm /cm ) water (% capacity Available Soil Type Chemical Properties Properties Hydraulic Physical Properties Physical Soil Properties L i s

Table 28.23 Rochester clay t i n g 5 Soil Type Rochester clay Soil Group Irrigation Area RC b y

Horizon A S

Horizon B1 o i l Percentile Percentile Soil Properties Sampling Sampling T Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 y p e

Physical Properties /

Particle size distribution S o i

Clay (% g/g) 2 45.8 41.4 50.2 2 59.5 56.8 62.3 l

P

Silt (% g/g) 2 24.7 22.9 26.4 2 16.7 16.3 17.2 r o

Sand (% g/g) 2 29.6 26.9 32.2 2 23.7 20.5 26.9 p e

3 r Bulk density (g/cm ) t

2 1.51 1.50 1.53 2 1.47 1.46 1.48 y Organic matter (% g/g) 1 2.9 1 1.8 Depth of horizon (mm) 2 160 150 170 2 170 140 200 Chemical Properties EC (dS/cm) 1 0.13 1 0.24

pH (H2 O) 1 6.6 1 7.7 1 pH (CaCl 2 ) 5.7 1 6.9 Ca (meq/100g) 1 5.9 1 8.1 Mg (meq/100g) 1 7.2 1 13.0 Na (meq/100g) 1 1.7 1 3.4 K (meq/100g) 1 0.4 1 0.5 ESP 1 11.2 1 13.6 Hydraulic Properties Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 2 19.5 14.4 24.62 1.73 1.64 1.83 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 1 0.51 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 2 9.9 7.2 12.6 2 11.4 11.2 11.7 Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 2 45.5 45.2 45.9 2 49.4 49.0 49.8 10 2 43.0 43.0 43.1 2 47.7 47.5 47.9 60 2 40.1 39.5 40.7 2 45.9 45.9 46.0 1500 2 33.2 30.5 35.8 2 36.2 36.2 36.3 1 2 5 126 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R 0.3 0.1 0.3 6.1 5.6 4.9 1.3 0.04 0.2 0.1 0.2 4.7 5.4 4.7 0.9 0.04 1.66 1.74 Percentile 25 50 75 1.56 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 6.5 2.9 Horizon B1 0.0 0.1 2.3 Min Max 4.0 3.2 4.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 4.5 2.0 2.68.4 2.5 7.3 1.2 2.81.2 6.4 18.9 0.2 1.2 3.5 1.0 1.5 6.15.4 1.5 4.1 13.3 4.7 0.2 1.01.0 0.2 5.2 1.1 0.5 4.5 5.7 1.4 0.7 5.0 5.3 1.7 4.6 0.8 39.716.110.0 37.3 12.2 42.0 20.0 7.7 12.3 88.91.65 9.7 0.10 74.7 1.54 96.0 1.74 82.60.04 92.5 95.2 0 0.04 0.04 0.04 12.1 9.0 15.2 MV 244.08 76.69 40.32 420.00 98.16 258.00 390.00 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 0 4 4 2 2 2 2 Points Sampling Sampling Irrigation Area Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 1S 1.8 5.2 1.9 2.2 3.8 Horizon A Min Max Table 28.24 Sandmount sand Soil Group Soil 1.6 4.2 4.0 4.3 1.17.9 0.5 3.4 0.31.4 5.8 1.5 13.0 0.1 0.7 1.3 6.0 1.26.3 6.4 1.65.7 1.4 0.3 9.8 1.41.7 0.5 5.80.3 1.4 0.5 5.00.1 6.5 0.1 1.5 0.3 1.0 0.0 6.0 0.2 6.12.8 0.1 2.0 0.0 5.4 6.4 0.5 0.2 1.4 5.9 0.1 6.5 0.3 1.9 6.0 0.0 0.3 2.0 0.1 0.4 0.1 42.719.812.4 41.3 16.8 44.2 10.7 22.9 14.1 91.11.59 3.7 0.07 85.6 1.52 93.9 1.660.04 89.0 1.53 92.3 1.58 0 93.2 1.64 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 Mean Std 2 2 2 2 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 254.22 140.6 57.2 15.6 366.9 153.9 296.4 354.6 12.8 18.5 57.06 33.53 11.41 83.16 31.91 66.84 82.21 4 4 4 4 4 4 Points Sampling Sampling 3 3 3 3 3 0 10 60 1500 2 Sandmount sand Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) (% Silt g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric 2 Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Water retention characteristic Particle size distribution (g/cm ) Bulk density g/g) Organic matter (% Depth of horizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl ) Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g) Na (meq/100g) K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) conductivity Sat. hydraulic Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) cm /cm ) water (% capacity Available Soil Type Chemical Properties Properties Hydraulic Physical Properties Physical Soil Properties L i s

Table 28.25 Sandmount sand phase t i n g 1S Soil Type Sandmount sand phase Soil Group Irrigation Area MV b y

Horizon A S

Horizon B1 o i l Percentile Percentile Soil Properties Sampling Sampling T Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 y p e

Physical Properties /

Particle size distribution S o i

Clay (% g/g) 4 2.0 0.2 1.8 2.2 1.8 2.0 2.2 4 5.7 1.9 3.0 7.3 4.5 6.2 6.8 l

P

Silt (% g/g) 4 21.1 1.8 19.7 23.7 20.0 20.5 22.2 4 20.1 2.5 17.6 23.0 18.1 19.9 22.2 r o

Sand (% g/g) 4 76.9 1.7 74.4 78.2 75.9 77.5 77.9 4 74.2 2.0 71.4 76.0 72.7 74.7 75.7 p e

3 r Bulk density (g/cm ) 1.79 t 4 1.71 0.05 1.67 1.79 1.67 1.70 1.75 4 1.83 0.07 1.73 1.88 1.85 1.86 y Organic matter (% g/g) 4 2.1 0.3 1.8 2.5 1.9 2.0 2.3 4 1.0 0.5 0.6 1.7 0.7 0.8 1.3 Depth of horizon (mm) 0 0 Chemical Properties EC (dS/cm) 4 0.12 0.02 0.1 0.14 0.1 0.12 0.14 4 0.1 0.006 0.09 0.1 0.09 0.1 0.1

pH (H2 O) 4 8.5 0.5 7.9 9.0 8.2 8.6 8.9 4 8.7 0.1 8.6 8.8 8.7 8.8 8.8 4 pH (CaCl 2 ) 7.5 0.4 6.9 7.9 7.2 7.6 7.8 4 7.7 0.1 7.5 7.8 7.6 7.7 7.8 Ca (meq/100g) 4 4.2 0.4 3.9 4.7 4.0 4.1 4.4 4 2.8 0.7 2.2 3.8 2.3 2.5 3.3 Mg (meq/100g) 4 2.6 0.3 2.3 2.9 2.4 2.6 2.8 4 1.9 0.2 1.7 2.2 1.8 1.9 2.1 Na (meq/100g) 4 0.7 0.1 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 4 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 K (meq/100g) 4 0.7 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 4 0.7 0.1 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.7 ESP 4 8.8 1.0 8.2 10.3 8.2 8.4 9.4 4 9.0 1.2 7.5 10.4 8.2 9.2 9.9 Hydraulic Properties Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 4 26.7 10.3 17.8 39.4 18.3 24.8 35.14 15.90 7.49 6.13 23.18 10.19 17.15 21.62 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 4 13.28 3.61 8.52 16.86 10.59 13.86 15.96 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 2 17.1 17.0 17.3 2 16.3 16.2 16.5 Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 2 35.4 35.1 35.7 2 32.7 30.7 34.6 10 2 27.3 25.9 28.7 2 25.3 24.2 26.3 60 2 22.5 20.8 24.2 2 20.8 18.3 23.3 1500 2 10.2 8.6 11.7 2 9.0 7.8 10.1 1 2 7 128 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R 4.4 1.2 0.6 0.1 6.9 6.1 6.4 11.4 3.5 1.0 0.4 6.7 5.8 5.5 29.5 35.3 10.1 1.63 1.67 0.09 Percentile 25 50 75 26.5 1.59 5.6 0.8 1.8 0.3 28.4 8.7 Horizon B1 0.2 0.1 2.3 Min Max 3.8 1.3 2.1 8.5 2.8 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.3 2.8 0.6 1.36.8 4.2 0.5 2.5 6.1 2.9 8.7 3.3 6.5 5.95.4 0.5 1.1 5.2 3.5 8.2 7.5 5.6 4.6 211 61.5 120 310 180 215 240 45.243.3 5.040.7 38.7 4.931.1 5.0 35.4 52.3 33.6 4.7 49.8 39.6 26.0 47.3 45.6 38.6 37.8 36.0 43.3 49.2 39.2 47.3 45.5 37.636.4 11.226.1 11.5 7.01.64 57.7 9.1 10.1 0.06 31.0 10.3 48.6 1.51 39.6 49.8 32.9 1.81 44.9 20.2 36.30.11 24.7 41.6 0.11 31.2 0.04 0.84 0.08 0.54 1.61 0.01 10.86 0.07 0.13 0.33 10.1 3.9 12.2 2.6 7.0 16.6 11.2 12.3 12.7 SCG 54 54 54 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 14 48 10 10 54 48 10 10 10 10 Points Sampling Sampling Irrigation Area Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.0 2 2.0 22.3 7.5 8.6 9.5 Horizon A Min Max Soil Group Soil 3.2 Table 28.26 Shepparton fine sandy loam sandy fine Shepparton 28.26 Table 5.4 1.1 2.36.0 7.65.3 0.5 4.65.3 0.5 5.03.4 5.5 0.9 4.50.9 8.3 0.8 6.3 0.3 3.2 0.5 7.9 1.3 5.98.6 0.2 7.5 0.1 5.2 5.9 6.3 0.1 4.7 5.3 3.9 6.1 3.3 5.5 5.4 0.8 3.5 6.0 0.9 3.8 1.0 176 25.3 140 220 150 175 190 39.734.7 2.731.3 2.5 34.422.1 2.8 29.5 44.1 5.7 25.8 37.2 38.5 13.6 34.6 34.4 39.2 30.2 29.2 35.3 41.5 17.4 31.7 36.9 21.2 33.1 28.5 12.937.9 4.649.2 7.31.53 4.4 10.3 21.0 0.12 23.2 25.6 63.4 1.01 74.7 9.5 33.4 1.760.12 45.3 11.9 35.3 1.49 50.6 16.2 0.09 42.3 1.53 57.0 0.04 1.57 0.71 0.09 0.11 0.13 Mean Std 10 10 10 10 54 27.4 16.1 3.9 67.4 14.5 24.5 34.6 4.82 5.30 0.11 18.28 0.52 2.80 7.22 10 12.6 5.2 5.3 19.6 7.4 14.0 17.3 54 48 54 54 54 48 14 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 Points Sampling Sampling 3 3 3 3 3 0 10 60 1500 2 Shepparton fine sandy loam Shepparton fine sandy Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) (% Silt g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric 2 Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Water retention characteristic Particle size distribution (g/cm ) Bulk density g/g) Organic matter (% Depth of horizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl ) Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g) Na (meq/100g) K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) conductivity Sat. hydraulic Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) cm /cm ) water (% capacity Available Soil Type Chemical Properties Properties Hydraulic Physical Properties Physical Soil Properties L i s

Table 28.27 Similar range Ss to Csl t i n g 1D Soil Type Similar range Ss to Csl Soil Group Irrigation Area MV b y

Horizon A S

Horizon B1 o i l Percentile Percentile Soil Properties Sampling Sampling T Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 y p e

Physical Properties /

Particle size distribution S o i

Clay (% g/g) 2 26.9 26.8 26.9 2 16.3 12.6 19.9 l

P

Silt (% g/g) 2 28.2 28.0 28.3 2 31.4 24.7 38.0 r o

Sand (% g/g) 2 45.0 44.8 45.2 2 52.4 42.1 62.7 p e

3 r Bulk density (g/cm ) t

2 1.63 1.58 1.69 2 1.71 1.67 1.74 y Organic matter (% g/g) 2 3.6 3.3 3.8 2 2.6 2.1 3.1 Depth of horizon (mm) 2 260 200 320 0 Chemical Properties EC (dS/cm) 2 0.11 0.1 0.11 2 0.08 0.07 0.08

pH (H2 O) 2 6.9 6.8 7.0 2 7.2 6.6 7.7 2 pH (CaCl 2 ) 6.4 6.3 6.5 2 6.6 6.1 7.1 Ca (meq/100g) 2 6.3 6.0 6.5 2 4.1 3.5 4.7 Mg (meq/100g) 2 5.3 5.1 5.5 2 2.5 1.9 3.0 Na (meq/100g) 2 0.3 0.3 0.3 2 0.2 0.2 0.2 K (meq/100g) 2 1.2 1.0 1.3 2 0.7 0.6 0.8 ESP 2 2.4 2.2 2.6 2 2.7 2.6 2.8 Hydraulic Properties Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 2 28.8 24.3 33.42 19.86 9.81 29.90 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 2 21.45 20.90 21.99 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 0 0 Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 0 0 10 0 0 60 0 0 1500 0 0 1 2 9 130 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R 7.7 2.1 0.7 7.9 7.0 7.2 15.1 0.27 5.5 1.8 0.4 7.7 6.6 6.7 34.2 35.7 11.7 1.59 1.68 0.13 Percentile 25 50 75 32.9 1.55 5.0 1.6 1.9 0.3 22.8 10.3 Horizon B1 1.0 0.2 7.4 Min Max 6.2 1.3 4.9 8.1 5.3 2.0 1.1 0.6 0.5 2.3 0.3 1.8 2.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 7.66.7 0.56.5 0.5 6.8 1.4 5.8 8.4 3.9 7.8 7.4 9.1 6.5 5.8 166 29.5 120 230 160 170 170 47.143.7 5.640.0 35.8 6.832.1 6.9 30.6 51.2 26.1 6.2 50.0 48.6 19.6 44.3 48.7 44.1 36.1 41.1 45.4 49.7 42.6 46.9 43.5 40.631.6 14.627.8 8.2 6.91.62 15.8 17.0 61.5 0.10 7.1 43.4 34.3 1.48 61.2 43.4 26.7 1.81 15.9 34.2 50.5 0.21 21.5 36.3 0.21 38.3 0.08 0.81 0.10 1.29 1.50 0.08 3.92 0.18 0.41 2.57 12.9 4.2 11.6 3.0 8.4 16.4 9.4 10.7 14.0 RC 8 6 6 6 6 6 18 18 18 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 18 10 18 11 Points Sampling Sampling Irrigation Area Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.4 2 3.0 19.0 4.6 6.4 9.2 Horizon A Min Max Table 28.28 Timmering loam Timmering 28.28 Table Soil Group Soil 4.4 5.0 1.8 1.96.3 8.45.7 0.7 4.06.7 0.8 5.34.2 5.3 2.2 4.91.0 7.6 2.0 6.1 0.5 3.4 1.1 7.2 2.3 6.07.5 10.0 0.4 0.4 5.2 6.2 9.1 0.1 5.4 5.4 4.4 6.7 2.8 6.8 6.0 0.5 8.3 3.4 0.6 5.3 0.8 191 42.4 130 290 160 185 210 48.040.5 9.935.2 7.4 36.724.6 7.0 30.5 66.0 6.5 25.7 52.8 43.0 17.1 46.2 37.7 46.5 33.5 30.4 39.3 49.4 18.4 35.2 43.7 24.2 38.8 30.3 12.336.0 5.951.8 7.01.43 4.4 10.6 26.8 0.18 25.6 28.5 51.6 1.09 66.9 8.5 29.3 1.770.25 45.5 11.3 35.3 1.28 53.7 13.4 0.27 38.0 1.44 59.1 0.07 1.58 0.98 0.09 0.12 0.29 Mean Std 6 6 6 6 6 15.9 3.6 11.4 20.1 13.4 15.6 19.3 18 40.1 30.3 9.4 109.1 19.2 29.5 45.0 2.96 3.48 0.16 13.75 0.81 1.27 4.12 18 11 18 18 18 11 18 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Points Sampling Sampling 3 3 3 3 3 0 10 60 1500 2 Timmering loam Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) (% Silt g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric 2 Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Water retention characteristic Particle size distribution (g/cm ) Bulk density g/g) Organic matter (% Depth of horizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl ) Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g) Na (meq/100g) K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) conductivity Sat. hydraulic Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) cm /cm ) water (% capacity Available Soil Type Chemical Properties Properties Hydraulic Physical Properties Physical Soil Properties L i s

Table 28.29 Ulupna clay t i n g 5 Soil Type Ulupna clay Soil Group Irrigation Area MV b y

Horizon A S

Horizon B1 o i l Percentile Percentile Soil Properties Sampling Sampling T Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 y p e

Physical Properties /

Particle size distribution S o i

Clay (% g/g) 2 43.8 33.7 53.8 2 49.1 26.8 71.3 l

P

Silt (% g/g) 2 33.9 27.6 40.1 2 31.1 20.2 41.9 r o

Sand (% g/g) 2 22.4 18.5 26.2 2 19.9 8.5 31.2 p e

3 r Bulk density (g/cm ) t

2 1.56 1.47 1.65 2 1.55 1.42 1.69 y Organic matter (% g/g) 1 4.0 1 1.7 Depth of horizon (mm) 2 140 130 150 2 170 150 190 Chemical Properties EC (dS/cm) 1 0.1 1 0.09

pH (H2 O) 1 6.0 1 6.3 1 pH (CaCl 2 ) 5.1 1 5.3 Ca (meq/100g) 1 7.2 1 3.4 Mg (meq/100g) 1 6.8 1 3.7 Na (meq/100g) 1 1.1 1 1.0 K (meq/100g) 1 0.8 1 0.2 ESP 1 6.9 1 12.0 Hydraulic Properties Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 2 44.8 37.2 52.52 1.66 1.03 2.29 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 1 1.14 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 2 9.4 8.5 10.2 2 11.8 10.1 13.5 Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 2 46.0 43.8 48.2 2 45.2 36.7 53.7 10 2 44.3 41.9 46.7 2 42.4 32.5 52.3 60 2 42.6 40.0 45.2 2 40.1 29.8 50.4 1500 2 34.9 31.7 38.2 2 30.6 22.4 38.8 1 3 1 132 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R 7.2 1.9 1.2 8.1 7.5 15.2 0.22 13.2 5.0 1.6 0.4 8.4 7.8 7.1 9.1 28.2 31.9 1.58 1.67 0.17 Percentile 25 50 75 25.3 1.56 2.1 0.9 1.9 0.3 21.3 4.6 Horizon B1 0.3 0.3 1.5 Min Max 5.21.4 2.3 0.8 3.2 7.7 3.3 0.7 0.8 9.9 8.3 2.6 0.7 1.9 3.4 2.0 2.5 3.2 7.66.9 0.89.9 1.0 6.4 5.3 5.5 8.3 4.3 7.8 7.1 17.0 6.3 6.6 174 60.9 110 280 120 165 215 48.244.6 5.037.9 43.7 4.428.6 3.3 40.6 55.3 34.4 4.0 50.7 45.2 24.9 40.9 46.8 41.6 33.3 35.0 43.6 51.2 38.1 47.6 40.7 40.425.4 14.234.2 3.3 6.51.60 17.5 14.0 53.6 20.2 0.07 32.4 39.7 1.49 81.3 43.9 20.6 1.69 26.4 27.5 47.6 0.19 27.7 29.8 0.05 36.4 0.15 0.25 0.16 0.36 0.37 0.10 0.78 16.0 3.8 11.3 20.1 13.0 16.2 18.9 MV 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 3 4 8 4 4 4 4 4 10 10 10 10 Points Sampling Sampling Irrigation Area Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 0.2 0.2 0.7 1.2 2 3.4 20.7 5.5 8.2 14.7 Horizon A Min Max Table 28.30 Waaia loam Waaia 28.30 Table Soil Group Soil 7.4 3.9 0.8 2.76.6 4.65.9 0.8 3.55.8 0.8 5.64.0 4.2 0.8 5.01.1 7.3 1.7 4.4 0.5 4.7 0.7 6.5 1.9 5.9 0.5 6.7 0.3 5.2 6.7 5.4 0.2 5.2 6.0 2.1 7.3 2.6 5.9 6.5 0.7 4.3 6.4 1.1 5.4 1.6 151 27.3 130 200 130 140 160 43.640.2 3.132.7 3.1 39.622.0 1.9 37.0 46.9 2.8 30.7 43.6 41.3 19.3 34.9 37.6 44.0 25.1 31.2 40.1 45.9 19.6 32.6 42.8 21.8 34.3 24.4 14.531.9 5.853.6 5.51.57 7.3 7.3 23.8 0.13 26.4 43.9 39.6 1.26 10.6 68.9 27.3 1.74 13.20.14 49.1 31.9 19.4 1.53 0.08 51.3 36.6 1.59 0.05 57.9 1.61 0.24 0.09 0.14 0.2 10.1 Mean Std 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 18.2 3.9 13.3 22.8 15.8 18.4 20.6 4 10 10 25.3 12.6 13.6 49.9 15.0 20.9 35.7 1.60 1.03 0.42 2.88 0.59 1.54 2.62 10 10 10 10 Points Sampling Sampling 3 3 3 3 3 0 10 60 1500 2 Waaia loam Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) (% Silt g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric 2 Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Water retention characteristic Particle size distribution (g/cm ) Bulk density g/g) Organic matter (% Depth of horizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl ) Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g) Na (meq/100g) K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) conductivity Sat. hydraulic Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) cm /cm ) water (% capacity Available Soil Type Chemical Properties Properties Hydraulic Soil Properties Physical Properties Physical L i s

Table 28.31 Waaia loam phase t i n g 2 Soil Type Waaia loam phase Soil Group Irrigation Area MV b y

Horizon A S

Horizon B1 o i l Percentile Percentile Soil Properties Sampling Sampling T Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 y p e

Physical Properties /

Particle size distribution S o i

Clay (% g/g) 4 9.3 1.9 6.9 11.4 8.1 9.5 10.5 4 47.7 3.8 42.0 50.4 45.3 49.1 50.1 l

P

Silt (% g/g) 4 23.5 2.9 19.5 26.2 21.5 24.2 25.6 4 28.5 3.4 25.7 33.3 26.1 27.5 30.9 r o

Sand (% g/g) 4 67.2 4.4 64.1 73.6 64.6 65.4 69.7 4 23.8 1.8 21.1 24.9 22.8 24.6 24.8 p e

3 r Bulk density (g/cm ) 1.61 t 4 1.33 0.05 1.26 1.37 1.30 1.35 1.37 4 1.64 0.04 1.60 1.70 1.63 1.67 y Organic matter (% g/g) 4 6.2 0.7 5.7 7.2 5.8 5.9 6.6 4 2.9 0.7 2.3 3.8 2.4 2.7 3.4 Depth of horizon (mm) 4 175 20.8 150 200 160 175 190 0 Chemical Properties EC (dS/cm) 4 0.22 0.07 0.14 0.31 0.17 0.21 0.26 4 0.22 0.07 0.17 0.33 0.18 0.2 0.27

pH (H2 O) 4 6.9 0.1 6.8 7.0 6.8 6.9 7.0 4 7.1 0.4 6.6 7.6 6.8 7.2 7.5 4 pH (CaCl 2 ) 6.2 0.1 6.0 6.3 6.1 6.2 6.3 4 6.5 0.3 6.0 6.8 6.3 6.6 6.7 Ca (meq/100g) 4 7.3 1.2 5.8 8.7 6.4 7.3 8.2 4 8.0 0.7 7.4 8.9 7.5 7.8 8.4 Mg (meq/100g) 4 3.9 0.6 3.4 4.7 3.4 3.7 4.4 4 5.4 0.5 5.0 6.1 5.1 5.2 5.7 Na (meq/100g) 4 1.1 0.2 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.2 4 1.0 0.3 0.5 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.2 K (meq/100g) 4 1.8 0.7 0.7 2.2 1.4 2.1 2.2 4 1.7 0.8 1.0 2.8 1.1 1.6 2.4 ESP 4 7.8 1.6 5.8 9.3 6.4 8.0 9.1 4 6.2 2.0 3.4 8.1 4.7 6.7 7.7 Hydraulic Properties Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 4 16.0 14.9 6.8 38.2 7.7 9.4 24.24 7.53 3.61 2.49 11.00 5.21 8.32 9.85 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 4 3.14 4.95 0.42 10.56 0.58 0.79 5.70 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 2 15.6 10.6 20.6 2 12.5 11.5 13.5 Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 2 52.2 48.9 55.5 2 49.1 48.4 49.8 10 2 49.5 47.0 52.0 2 45.7 44.5 46.8 60 2 46.1 45.9 46.3 2 43.1 40.8 45.4 1500 2 33.9 31.4 36.4 2 33.2 31.0 35.4 1 3 3 134 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R Percentile 25 50 75 Horizon B1 Min Max 9.9 1.2 2.2 4.2 7.41.3 7.3 7.5 7.8 7.3 235 200 270 62.551.047.840.2 59.3 50.2 65.7 47.5 51.8 38.8 48.2 41.6 61.031.61.49 58.3 28.8 63.7 34.4 1.410.21 1.57 15.0 10.8 10.2 11.4 RC 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 Points Sampling Sampling Irrigation Area Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 6 Horizon A Min Max Table 28.32 Wallenjoe clay Wallenjoe 28.32 Table Soil Group Soil 9.02.5 7.6 10.3 7.1 6.6 8.6 0.6 2.9 2.1 120 100 140 62.447.544.638.4 57.0 43.4 67.8 40.2 51.6 33.7 49.0 43.0 65.026.11.42 59.1 21.5 70.8 30.6 1.230.21 1.61 16.0 Mean Std 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 26.82 9.1 4.0 49.6 8.5 9.7 3.12 2 2 2 1 Points Sampling Sampling 3 3 3 3 3 0 10 60 1500 2 Wallenjoe clay Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) (% Silt g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric 2 Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Water retention characteristic Particle size distribution (g/cm ) Bulk density g/g) Organic matter (% Depth of horizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl ) Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g) Na (meq/100g) K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) conductivity Sat. hydraulic Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) cm /cm ) water (% capacity Available Soil Type Chemical Properties Properties Hydraulic Soil Properties Physical Properties Physical L i s

Table 28.33 Wana loam t i n g 4 Soil Type Wana loam Soil Group Irrigation Area RC b y

Horizon A S

Horizon B1 o i l Percentile Percentile Soil Properties Sampling Sampling T Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 y p e

Physical Properties /

Particle size distribution S o i

Clay (% g/g) 2 45.1 42.3 47.9 2 59.1 58.1 60.1 l

P

Silt (% g/g) 2 34.7 33.3 36.2 2 28.5 26.4 30.6 r o

Sand (% g/g) 2 20.2 18.8 21.5 2 12.4 11.3 13.5 p e

3 r Bulk density (g/cm ) t

2 1.40 1.34 1.45 2 1.50 1.47 1.52 y Organic matter (% g/g) 1 5.3 1 1.5 Depth of horizon (mm) 2 120 120 120 2 205 200 210 Chemical Properties EC (dS/cm) 1 0.27 1 0.37

pH (H2 O) 1 6.3 1 8.0 1 pH (CaCl 2 ) 6.0 1 7.7 Ca (meq/100g) 1 13.0 1 17.0 Mg (meq/100g) 1 5.5 1 13.0 Na (meq/100g) 1 0.1 1 0.9 K (meq/100g) 1 0.6 1 0.8 ESP 1 0.5 1 2.8 Hydraulic Properties Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 2 49.0 23.2 74.8 0 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 1 1.98 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 2 10.8 10.7 10.8 2 7.3 5.9 8.7 Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 2 51.7 51.1 52.2 2 48.4 48.3 48.6 10 2 46.4 46.1 46.7 2 44.6 44.4 44.7 60 2 42.7 42.6 42.8 2 42.1 42.1 42.1 1500 2 35.6 35.4 35.9 2 37.3 36.1 38.5 1 3 5 136 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R 9.6 2.9 1.0 7.7 7.2 8.6 14.0 0.37 8.4 1.5 0.7 9.4 7.3 6.6 6.9 30.5 33.7 1.52 1.59 0.22 Percentile 25 50 75 23.6 1.47 3.7 1.1 1.2 0.4 17.2 4.8 Horizon B1 0.3 0.2 2.8 Min Max 7.9 1.9 4.0 10.0 6.9 1.8 1.0 0.7 0.3 9.7 4.8 2.2 0.2 1.70.3 0.28 2.5 0.07 2.1 1.1 2.2 0.11 2.4 7.36.6 0.87.8 0.9 5.8 3.2 5.4 9.1 4.2 8.5 6.8 18.0 6.0 6.0 160 39.4 80 210 140 155 200 47.440.7 9.836.5 32.9 8.328.2 8.7 27.1 60.5 22.2 7.4 51.2 40.1 13.8 47.4 46.3 34.9 36.0 30.7 40.7 56.5 36.6 48.1 43.8 41.135.7 15.523.2 17.7 15.21.53 10.2 12.0 60.1 0.11 73.3 22.6 7.9 1.29 47.9 23.7 46.6 1.71 32.8 53.7 15.2 47.3 22.7 30.8 2.48 3.66 0.01 10.26 0.25 0.74 3.07 12.5 2.5 9.1 16.2 10.5 12.7 14.2 RC 8 8 8 8 8 22 22 22 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 16 10 22 16 Points Sampling Sampling Irrigation Area Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 0.3 0.4 1.0 1.4 3 2.8 14.6 4.9 7.5 8.7 Horizon A Min Max Table 28.34 Wanalta loam Soil Group Soil 3.0 5.0 1.7 2.56.4 7.45.8 0.7 3.67.7 0.8 5.56.1 4.8 3.2 4.91.1 8.4 2.0 6.4 0.6 4.8 0.7 7.9 3.0 5.87.0 18.0 0.4 0.3 5.1 6.5 8.7 0.2 5.6 6.0 2.9 6.7 4.1 7.2 6.3 0.6 9.0 6.3 1.0 7.7 1.5 162 37.9 100 262 140 160 180 45.140.5 4.535.4 3.4 38.128.8 4.4 34.3 53.2 3.2 30.0 43.5 43.5 24.4 40.3 38.7 44.7 33.0 30.8 41.0 46.2 26.1 36.9 43.3 29.7 39.3 31.0 25.535.6 9.938.9 9.31.50 9.1 11.1 17.2 0.15 18.5 46.2 53.4 1.19 17.4 57.4 27.9 1.73 22.60.25 30.9 36.4 33.7 1.38 38.0 0.21 42.5 1.54 46.5 0.07 1.61 0.72 0.11 0.16 0.36 Mean Std 7 7 7 7 7 11.8 2.1 9.5 15.0 9.9 11.7 13.5 18 46.8 29.1 12.0 120.7 26.3 36.4 72.6 6.30 4.38 0.19 14.85 2.86 6.03 9.59 22 16 22 22 22 16 22 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 Points Sampling Sampling 3 3 3 3 3 0 10 60 1500 2 Wanalta loam Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) (% Silt g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric 2 Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Water retention characteristic Particle size distribution (g/cm ) Bulk density g/g) Organic matter (% Depth of horizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl ) Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g) Na (meq/100g) K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) conductivity Sat. hydraulic Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) cm /cm ) water (% capacity Available Soil Type Chemical Properties Properties Hydraulic Physical Properties Physical Soil Properties

8. ListingbyIrrigationArea / Soil Group / Soil Property Property /SoilGroup

L i s

Table 29.1 MV irrigation area - Soil Group 1 Sandy soils t i n g

b y

Soil Group 1S Irrigation Area MV I r r i

Horizon A Horizon B1 g a t Sampling Percentile Sampling Percentile i Soil Properties o Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 n

A

Physical Properties r e

Particle size distribution a /

Clay (% g/g) 8 1.5 0.6 0.3 2.2 1.2 1.6 2.0 8 4.2 2.6 1.2 7.3 1.5 4.5 6.4 S o i l

Silt (% g/g) 8 14.5 7.5 5.8 23.7 6.4 16.4 20.5 8 14.3 8.0 2.8 23.0 6.1 18.1 20.1 G

Sand (% g/g) 8 84.0 8.0 74.4 93.9 77.5 81.9 92.4 8 81.6 10.2 71.4 96.0 74.4 75.7 92.5 r o

Bulk density (g/cm 3 ) 1.66 u 8 1.65 0.09 1.55 1.79 1.58 1.67 1.70 8 1.74 0.12 1.54 1.88 1.74 1.85 p /

Organic matter (% g/g) 8 1.8 0.4 1.3 2.5 1.4 1.7 2.0 8 1.1 0.4 0.6 1.7 0.8 1.0 1.4 S o i

Depth of horizon (mm) l

0 0 P

Chemical Properties r o p

EC (dS/cm) 8 0.08 0.04 0.04 0.14 0.04 0.07 0.12 8 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.10 0.04 0.07 0.10 e r t pH (H O) 8 7.4 1.3 5.8 9.0 6.4 7.2 8.6 8 7.1 1.8 5.2 8.8 5.4 7.2 8.8 y 2 pH (CaCl ) 8 6.6 1.0 5.0 7.9 5.9 6.5 7.6 8 6.2 1.6 4.5 7.8 4.7 6.3 7.7 2 Ca (meq/100g) 8 2.9 1.4 1.0 4.7 1.9 3.0 4.1 8 1.9 1.1 0.7 3.8 0.9 2.0 2.5 Mg (meq/100g) 8 1.5 1.2 0.2 2.9 0.3 1.4 2.6 8 1.1 0.9 0.1 2.2 0.2 1.0 1.9 Na (meq/100g) 8 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.7 8 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.5 K (meq/100g) 8 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.7 8 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.7 ESP 8 5.8 3.4 1.8 10.3 2.2 6.7 8.4 8 6.8 2.9 2.3 10.4 4.7 7.0 9.2 Hydraulic Properties

Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 8 140.5 152.6 17.8 366.9 24.8 48.3 296.48 36.48 31.46 6.13 83.16 12.85 21.61 66.84 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 8 128.68 169.13 8.52 420.00 13.86 28.59 258.00 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 4 16.4 2.5 12.8 18.5 14.9 17.2 17.9 4 14.2 3.5 9.0 16.5 12.1 15.7 16.3

Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 4 39.1 4.4 35.1 44.2 35.4 38.5 42.7 4 36.2 4.8 30.7 42.0 32.7 36.0 39.7 10 4 23.6 5.1 16.8 28.7 19.8 24.4 27.3 4 20.7 6.3 12.2 26.3 16.1 22.1 25.3 60 4 17.5 6.1 10.7 24.2 12.4 17.5 22.5 4 15.4 6.8 7.7 23.3 10.0 15.3 20.8 1500 4 7.2 3.7 4.0 11.7 4.2 6.5 10.2 4 6.5 3.1 3.2 10.1 4.0 6.3 9.0 1 3 7 138 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R Percentile 25 50 75 2.8 0.8 0.2 Horizon B1 2.6 0.6 0.2 Min Max 2.7 0.7 2.50.2 1.9 3.0 2.6 2.17.26.6 3.1 4.1 6.6 6.1 7.7 3.5 7.1 4.7 16.331.452.41.71 12.6 24.7 19.9 42.1 38.0 1.67 62.7 0.08 1.74 0.07 0.08 MV 21.45 20.90 21.99 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 Points Sampling Irrigation Area Irrigation Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std Horizon A Min Max 3.6 3.36.96.4 3.8 6.35.3 6.80.3 6.31.2 7.0 6.02.4 6.5 5.1 6.5 0.3 5.5 1.1 0.3 2.2 1.3 2.6 26.928.245.01.63 26.8 28.0260 26.9 44.8 28.3 1.58 45.2 1.69 200 320 28.8 24.3 33.4 19.85 9.81 29.90 Mean Std Table 29.2 MV irrigation area - Soil Group 1 Duplex soils 1 Duplex Group Soil - 29.2 area MV irrigation Table 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0.11 0.10 0.11 2 0 0 0 0 2 Points Sampling 3 3 3 0 1D 10 60 1500 2 2 Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) Silt (% g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Particle sizedistribution Bulk density (g/cm) Organic matter g/g)(% Depth ofhorizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl) (meq/100g)Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g)Na K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) rate infiltration Final ) /cm cm (% watercapacity Available Water retention characteristic Soil Group Soil Properties Physical Properties Physical Properties Chemical Properties Hydraulic L i s

Table 29.3 MV irrigation area - Soil Group 2 t i n g

b y

Soil Group 2 Irrigation Area MV I r r i

Horizon A Horizon B1 g a t Sampling Percentile Sampling Percentile i Soil Properties o Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 n

A

Physical Properties r e

Particle size distribution a /

Clay (% g/g) 36 15.9 7.5 4.8 38.6 10.7 13.4 20.6 36 41.5 11.7 3.3 58.3 34.1 45.1 49.4 S o i l

Silt (% g/g) 36 30.8 5.6 19.5 48.2 26.2 31.0 35.0 36 25.0 5.3 14.0 34.0 21.3 25.8 28.8 G

Sand (% g/g) 36 53.3 9.7 32.1 73.6 47.5 52.6 60.7 36 33.5 11.7 20.2 81.3 25.4 29.9 40.1 r o

Bulk density (g/cm 3 ) 1.58 u 36 1.57 0.14 1.26 1.76 1.51 1.59 1.67 36 1.63 0.09 1.44 1.84 1.62 1.68 p /

Organic matter (% g/g) 21 4.6 1.2 2.7 7.2 3.4 4.6 5.4 21 2.5 0.6 1.4 3.8 2.1 2.5 2.8 S o i

Depth of horizon (mm) l

36 182 35 130 280 150 185 205 20 195 58 100 280 145 195 250 P

Chemical Properties r o p

EC (dS/cm) 21 0.15 0.08 0.05 0.31 0.08 0.15 0.21 21 0.18 0.11 0.04 0.48 0.12 0.18 0.24 e r t pH (H O) 21 6.6 0.8 5.3 8.4 5.9 6.6 7.2 21 7.3 0.9 6.0 8.8 6.5 7.1 7.9 y 2 pH (CaCl ) 21 5.9 0.9 4.8 7.9 5.1 6.0 6.5 21 6.5 1.0 4.9 8.0 5.6 6.6 7.3 2 Ca (meq/100g) 21 6.4 1.9 4.1 12.0 5.2 6.0 7.1 21 7.0 3.9 2.0 17.0 3.9 7.1 8.7 Mg (meq/100g) 21 3.4 1.5 1.0 6.7 2.0 3.4 4.8 21 5.1 1.9 1.8 8.7 3.2 5.1 6.5 Na (meq/100g) 21 0.8 0.6 0.2 2.2 0.4 0.7 1.1 21 1.4 1.0 0.3 4.2 0.5 1.1 2.1 K (meq/100g) 21 0.8 0.7 0.2 2.2 0.2 0.7 1.2 21 0.9 0.8 0.2 2.8 0.3 0.5 1.3 ESP 21 7.1 4.1 2.5 20.7 3.4 7.1 8.7 21 10.2 7.7 1.5 28.8 4.8 7.6 14.3 Hydraulic Properties

Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 36 20.9 12.0 4.4 49.9 11.2 16.6 29.929 3.16 3.24 0.10 11.00 0.85 2.18 3.68 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 18 0.89 2.44 0.01 10.56 0.02 0.15 0.78 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 18 15.5 4.0 10.4 22.8 12.1 14.1 18.5 18 12.9 3.1 8.6 20.1 10.5 12.4 14.8

Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 18 43.1 5.8 33.5 55.5 39.6 43.6 46.9 18 44.6 4.5 35.0 55.3 43.3 44.4 47.1 10 18 38.9 5.9 29.3 52.0 34.7 39.3 42.1 18 40.9 5.0 28.6 50.7 39.9 41.2 43.3 60 18 34.4 5.5 25.7 46.3 30.7 34.3 36.5 18 37.1 4.7 25.3 45.4 35.6 38.1 40.5 1500 18 23.4 4.9 17.8 36.4 19.7 23.3 24.4 18 28.0 4.3 19.4 35.4 25.7 28.4 31.0 1 3 9 140 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R 8.1 6.9 7.1 7.8 1.5 0.9 12.0 0.09 7.1 6.3 6.4 4.7 0.7 0.6 11.0 1.68 1.74 0.07 23.3 31.8 Percentile 25 50 75 1.62 19.1 2.01.1 0.5 0.1 12.3 6.1 Horizon B1 0.5 0.1 4.2 Min Max 5.11.0 3.40.6 0.6 1.59.2 0.4 9.7 3.6 2.1 2.0 0.7 1.1 2.9 1.3 2.1 2.6 7.3 0.8 6.3 8.3 6.8 6.35.1 0.8 2.4 5.1 2.5 7.3 7.1 5.9 2.6 188 33 140 230 165 180 220 0.07 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.06 34.227.4 17.638.5 16.9 7.11.67 11.7 66.5 15.3 18.3 0.13 18.7 37.6 1.42 51.4 32.5 21.9 1.84 32.6 44.4 28.5 40.8 31.8 47.1 0.87 1.40 0.01 2.95 0.01 0.27 1.74 11.1 2.8 5.9 15.7 9.8 11.4 12.6 40.236.3 7.333.5 32.3 8.825.2 9.3 25.8 51.6 23.1 7.4 48.2 33.0 17.1 44.4 40.1 28.9 35.7 25.1 34.8 45.8 32.1 44.5 42.9 MV 5 8 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 Points Sampling Irrigation Area Irrigation Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 3.7 7.9 4.6 6.5 7.2 Horizon A Min Max 4.4 6.6 20.5 11.7 14.6 16.3 1.7 3.8 0.5 2.95.9 4.25.3 0.6 3.64.6 0.6 5.03.0 4.0 0.6 4.50.5 6.6 0.8 4.2 3.80.5 0.2 6.0 1.8 5.66.0 0.3 5.5 0.3 5.0 5.8 4.0 0.2 4.2 5.1 6.4 0.7 2.6 4.6 0.9 5.8 0.4 3.0 4.8 0.2 0.6 3.6 0.4 0.7 0.7 Table 29.4 MV irrigation area - Soil Group 3 40.534.1 5.330.8 5.4 34.420.2 4.9 26.4 47.6 5.1 22.9 42.9 36.7 14.1 38.5 31.1 38.0 28.2 29.0 33.1 45.9 15.8 29.4 37.7 19.9 33.7 23.9 19.8 11.0 6.6 39.4 12.8 17.3 23.1 1.71 1.26 0.22 4.48 0.76 1.30 2.39 19.131.1 7.449.8 4.81.67 7.2 7.4 24.7 0.07 32.3 41.2170 38.4 1.55 14.0 61.3 26.6 28 1.77 18.2 43.0 33.0 22.9 130 1.62 47.4 34.1 1.67 57.4 230 1.73 150 170 180 Mean Std 7 14.0 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 0.10 0.03 0.08 0.16 0.08 0.10 0.12 7 7 7 7 10 10 10 10 10 10 Points Sampling 3 3 3 0 3 10 60 1500 2 2 Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) Silt (% g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Particle sizedistribution Bulk density (g/cm) Organic matter g/g)(% Depth ofhorizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl) (meq/100g)Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g)Na K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) rate infiltration Final ) /cm cm (% watercapacity Available Water retention characteristic Soil Group Physical Properties Physical Properties Chemical Properties Hydraulic Soil Properties L i s

Table 29.5 MV irrigation area - Soil Group 5 t i n g

b y

Soil Group 5 Irrigation Area MV I r r i

Horizon A Horizon B1 g a t Sampling Percentile Sampling Percentile i Soil Properties o Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 n

A

Physical Properties r e

Particle size distribution a /

Clay (% g/g) 2 43.8 33.7 53.8 2 49.1 26.8 71.3 S o i l

Silt (% g/g) 2 33.9 27.6 40.1 2 31.1 20.2 41.9 G

Sand (% g/g) 2 22.4 18.5 26.2 2 19.9 8.5 31.3 r o

Bulk density (g/cm 3 ) u

2 1.56 1.47 1.65 2 1.55 1.42 1.69 p /

Organic matter (% g/g) 1 4.0 1 1.7 S o i

Depth of horizon (mm) l

2 140 130 150 2 170 150 190 P

Chemical Properties r o p

EC (dS/cm) 10.10 1 0.09 e r t pH (H O) 1 6.0 1 6.3 y 2 pH (CaCl ) 1 5.1 1 5.3 2 Ca (meq/100g) 1 7.2 1 3.4 Mg (meq/100g) 1 6.8 1 3.7 Na (meq/100g) 1 1.1 1 1.0 K (meq/100g) 1 0.8 1 0.2 ESP 1 6.9 1 12.0 Hydraulic Properties

Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 2 44.8 37.2 52.52 1.66 1.03 2.29 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 1 1.14 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 29.4 8.5 10.2 2 11.8 10.1 13.5

Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 2 46.0 43.8 48.2 2 45.2 36.7 53.7 10 2 44.3 41.9 46.7 2 42.4 32.5 52.3 60 2 42.6 40.0 45.2 2 40.1 29.8 50.4 1500 2 34.9 31.7 38.2 2 30.6 22.4 38.8 1 4 1 142 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R 7.2 6.2 7.0 6.1 1.3 1.1 8.3 0.09 7.1 6.1 6.1 4.9 0.9 0.6 7.3 1.62 1.68 0.07 30.0 31.0 Percentile 25 50 75 1.56 28.9 2.61.2 0.5 0.5 11.1 5.4 Horizon B1 0.2 0.2 2.1 Min Max 5.11.0 2.60.7 0.8 1.36.9 0.4 10.0 2.8 3.7 1.5 0.5 0.7 2.1 1.2 1.5 1.8 7.0 0.6 6.1 8.0 6.6 6.06.3 0.7 1.9 5.1 3.2 7.2 9.7 5.6 5.5 189 37 120 240 170 195 210 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.20 0.06 44.730.5 11.824.8 21.3 7.61.63 60.9 8.8 18.8 0.10 35.5 16.2 45.1 1.47 45.9 45.2 24.8 1.86 54.6 18.1 30.1 21.4 33.2 31.7 0.19 0.19 0.00 0.46 0.02 0.12 0.38 12.5 3.3 6.5 16.7 10.4 12.6 16.2 45.542.2 6.939.1 38.1 6.229.7 6.3 34.2 57.9 28.2 5.2 53.8 41.6 17.6 50.6 43.3 39.3 37.6 36.7 41.6 47.8 39.2 42.5 39.8 MV 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 12 12 10 10 10 10 10 Points Sampling Irrigation Area Irrigation Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 1.8 7.6 4.6 6.3 6.8 Horizon A Min Max 3.3 5.5 14.2 5.8 7.8 11.5 2.0 3.3 1.7 1.46.2 6.55.5 0.8 1.95.6 0.7 5.42.8 3.5 1.2 4.80.6 7.6 2.3 3.9 4.50.6 0.4 6.7 1.0 5.65.6 0.6 8.4 0.1 4.9 6.1 8.0 0.2 4.8 5.3 6.8 1.5 1.4 5.4 1.9 5.9 0.3 1.8 6.0 0.2 0.5 3.6 0.4 0.7 0.7 Table 29.6 MV irrigation area - Soil Group 6 40.837.6 3.934.7 4.4 35.228.8 4.5 31.8 46.7 4.1 29.6 45.3 38.0 23.9 43.1 33.9 40.5 36.0 30.6 37.0 44.5 25.6 34.0 41.1 27.5 37.1 33.0 14.2 9.9 4.8 42.7 8.4 11.8 15.5 0.54 0.32 0.03 1.17 0.39 0.45 0.72 26.137.3 8.236.6 6.5 16.11.59 9.9 27.4 41.5 0.09 21.0195 50.9 1.38 19.5 51.4 32.7 24.8 29 1.72 30.3 36.5 32.7 140 1.54 35.9 40.6 1.59 44.8 240 1.65 175 200 215 Mean Std 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 0.09 0.03 0.04 0.13 0.07 0.08 0.12 10 8.8 12 12 12 12 12 10 10 10 10 12 Points Sampling 3 3 3 0 6 10 60 1500 2 2 Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) Silt (% g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Particle sizedistribution Bulk density (g/cm) Organic matter g/g)(% Depth ofhorizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl) (meq/100g)Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g)Na K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) rate infiltration Final ) /cm cm (% watercapacity Available Water retention characteristic Soil Group Physical Properties Physical Properties Chemical Properties Hydraulic Soil Properties L i s

Table 29.7 SCG irrigation area - Soil Group 1 Duplex soils t i n g

b y

Soil Group 1D Irrigation Area SCG I r r i

Horizon A Horizon B1 g a t Sampling Percentile Sampling Percentile i Soil Properties o Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 n

A

Physical Properties r e

Particle size distribution a /

Clay (% g/g) 14 21.2 13.3 3.5 44.1 10.6 17.2 33.1 14 28.5 7.9 15.8 46.4 25.3 28.1 33.0 S o i l

Silt (% g/g) 14 37.4 8.6 23.6 49.9 26.4 39.9 44.1 14 39.4 7.6 27.3 49.8 33.3 37.4 48.1 G

Sand (% g/g) 14 41.4 13.2 21.3 73.0 32.4 39.8 48.8 14 32.1 7.7 21.5 47.4 26.1 30.8 37.3 r o

Bulk density (g/cm 3 ) 1.65 u 14 1.62 0.12 1.36 1.80 1.53 1.61 1.72 14 1.70 0.09 1.53 1.84 1.72 1.76 p /

Organic matter (% g/g) 11 2.7 0.7 1.6 4.0 2.2 2.7 3.3 11 2.0 0.8 0.9 3.8 1.6 1.9 2.1 S o i

Depth of horizon (mm) l

14 196 36 150 250 170 185 240 6 175 80 110 300 120 135 250 P

Chemical Properties r o p

EC (dS/cm) 11 0.11 0.04 0.06 0.18 0.07 0.10 0.13 11 0.08 0.02 0.05 0.14 0.07 0.08 0.09 e r t pH (H O) 11 7.5 1.0 5.7 8.5 6.9 7.8 8.2 11 7.8 0.9 5.9 8.8 7.1 8.0 8.3 y 2 pH (CaCl ) 11 6.6 0.7 5.1 7.3 6.3 6.8 7.1 11 6.7 0.5 5.5 7.5 6.4 6.9 7.0 2 Ca (meq/100g) 11 4.0 0.7 2.9 5.8 3.7 3.9 4.0 11 3.4 1.1 2.0 5.7 2.5 3.5 4.3 Mg (meq/100g) 11 2.5 1.3 0.4 4.1 1.2 3.2 3.4 11 1.9 1.0 0.5 3.7 1.2 1.6 2.6 Na (meq/100g) 11 1.2 1.0 0.1 3.4 0.3 1.0 1.7 11 1.1 0.8 0.1 2.3 0.3 1.1 1.5 K (meq/100g) 11 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.6 11 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.7 ESP 11 12.9 9.0 1.3 31.3 5.7 11.2 17.2 11 14.5 10.7 1.6 32.8 5.2 13.6 22.7 Hydraulic Properties

Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 14 58.7 38.4 10.3 143.3 27.2 49.0 80.914 12.31 23.35 1.76 91.19 2.38 4.75 8.00 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 11 10.30 12.50 0.05 33.78 0.19 7.50 17.87 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 6 13.3 3.4 8.7 18.5 12.2 12.5 15.8 6 9.4 4.3 4.1 15.0 5.8 9.1 13.2

Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 6 38.5 3.6 35.7 43.1 35.9 36.6 43.1 6 34.3 3.7 30.6 38.8 30.7 34.0 37.9 10 6 28.8 2.6 26.1 33.6 27.3 28.4 29.2 6 28.0 4.7 23.8 36.8 25.6 26.0 29.7 60 6 24.9 3.3 22.5 31.2 23.3 23.5 25.8 6 25.3 5.1 20.1 34.6 23.3 23.5 27.0 1500 6 15.5 5.2 10.4 25.0 12.1 14.2 17.0 6 18.6 7.5 11.1 29.6 12.8 17.2 24.0 1 4 3 144 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R 7.0 6.1 6.4 4.4 1.2 0.6 11.5 0.10 6.7 5.8 5.3 3.4 1.0 0.4 10.2 1.64 1.68 0.09 28.9 34.9 Percentile 25 50 75 1.59 26.3 5.61.8 0.8 0.3 28.4 8.7 Horizon B1 0.2 0.1 2.3 Min Max 3.61.1 1.30.5 0.8 1.1 0.3 8.5 2.8 2.7 0.7 1.1 4.2 2.2 2.9 3.3 6.8 0.5 6.1 8.7 6.5 6.05.2 0.6 1.2 5.2 2.4 8.2 7.5 5.6 4.4 10.2 3.9 211 62 120 310 180 215 240 0.10 0.11 0.04 0.84 0.07 36.435.8 11.927.8 11.5 7.11.65 11.0 57.7 10.1 10.3 0.08 28.3 48.6 1.51 58.4 38.4 31.8 1.95 20.2 44.8 35.5 25.5 41.5 33.6 0.81 2.02 0.01 10.86 0.08 0.13 0.47 12.5 2.5 7.0 16.6 11.6 12.5 14.0 44.842.3 5.139.5 37.9 5.529.8 5.8 31.9 52.3 28.1 5.7 49.8 39.3 17.9 47.3 45.6 38.6 37.8 35.8 43.2 49.1 39.2 47.2 45.4 SCG 58 58 58 58 52 10 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 16 52 12 12 12 12 12 Points Sampling Irrigation Area Irrigation Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 2.0 22.3 6.9 8.3 9.4 Horizon A Min Max 4.7 5.3 19.6 7.9 13.9 16.6 3.1 5.3 1.2 2.36.0 7.65.3 0.5 4.55.3 0.5 5.03.3 5.4 1.2 4.50.9 8.3 0.9 6.3 3.20.3 0.5 7.9 0.9 5.98.3 10.0 0.2 0.1 5.2 5.9 6.3 0.1 4.6 5.3 6.1 3.9 3.2 5.4 1.0 5.4 0.7 6.0 3.5 0.2 0.8 3.8 0.3 1.0 0.4 Table 29.8 SCG irrigation area - Soil Group 2 41.236.5 5.733.2 5.8 34.423.7 6.2 29.5 57.5 7.1 25.8 53.3 38.7 13.6 51.2 34.5 40.1 38.8 30.3 35.9 41.6 17.9 32.4 36.9 22.6 34.1 28.9 27.3 15.9 3.9 67.4 14.5 24.5 34.6 5.16 5.08 0.11 18.28 0.61 4.52 8.18 12.837.3 4.449.9 7.51.53 4.4 10.3 21.0 0.12 23.2 25.6186 63.4 1.01 74.7 9.6 33.2 30 1.76 45.4 11.7 35.2 140 1.49 51.5 15.5 41.3 1.53 57.3 250 1.59 160 185 210 Mean Std 12 12.8 58 58 58 58 58 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 0.12 0.09 0.04 0.71 0.09 0.11 0.13 12 12 12 12 18 Points Sampling 3 3 3 0 2 10 60 1500 2 2 Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) Silt (% g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Particle sizedistribution Bulk density (g/cm) Organic matter g/g)(% Depth ofhorizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl) (meq/100g)Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g)Na K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) rate infiltration Final ) /cm cm (% watercapacity Available Water retention characteristic Soil Group Physical Properties Physical Properties Chemical Properties Hydraulic Soil Properties L i s

Table 29.9 SCG irrigation area - Soil Group 3 t i n g

b y

Soil Group 3 Irrigation Area SCG I r r i

Horizon A Horizon B1 g a t Sampling Percentile Sampling Percentile i Soil Properties o Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 n

A

Physical Properties r e

Particle size distribution a /

Clay (% g/g) 54 17.6 7.8 7.4 41.7 11.9 16.2 21.2 53 44.3 12.6 14.5 70.4 38.7 44.9 52.6 S o i l

Silt (% g/g) 54 36.5 8.3 23.6 65.0 30.5 35.3 40.9 53 28.9 7.2 15.4 44.7 24.2 27.9 34.3 G

Sand (% g/g) 54 46.0 11.8 16.7 65.1 42.1 46.9 55.1 53 26.9 10.3 4.2 63.5 19.8 26.0 31.8 r o

Bulk density (g/cm 3 ) 1.58 u 54 1.56 0.18 1.00 1.81 1.53 1.59 1.69 53 1.65 0.10 1.48 1.94 1.63 1.73 p /

Organic matter (% g/g) 36 4.1 1.4 2.1 8.2 3.1 3.8 4.9 36 2.0 0.6 1.1 3.8 1.6 1.8 2.2 S o i

Depth of horizon (mm) l

54 173 37 100 290 150 170 190 21 151 46 60 250 128 140 170 P

Chemical Properties r o p

EC (dS/cm) 36 0.16 0.13 0.04 0.67 0.08 0.13 0.19 36 0.12 0.08 0.04 0.30 0.06 0.09 0.15 e r t pH (H O) 36 6.4 0.9 4.7 8.6 5.8 6.4 6.9 36 7.1 0.7 5.8 8.8 6.7 7.1 7.5 y 2 pH (CaCl ) 36 5.8 0.9 4.4 8.6 5.0 5.9 6.3 36 6.3 0.8 5.0 8.3 5.8 6.2 6.5 2 Ca (meq/100g) 36 5.5 2.2 3.1 12.0 3.9 4.8 6.5 36 5.1 2.1 1.9 14.0 3.8 4.7 5.9 Mg (meq/100g) 36 2.9 1.5 0.9 7.1 1.9 2.8 3.6 36 4.6 1.9 1.6 9.4 3.1 4.3 5.8 Na (meq/100g) 36 0.8 0.9 0.1 4.6 0.3 0.5 1.0 36 1.2 1.0 0.2 4.8 0.5 0.8 1.6 K (meq/100g) 36 0.6 0.4 0.1 1.6 0.3 0.4 0.9 36 0.7 0.4 0.2 1.4 0.3 0.6 1.0 ESP 36 6.9 5.6 1.5 25.5 3.1 5.3 10.4 36 10.1 6.5 2.4 28.2 4.6 7.8 14.7 Hydraulic Properties

Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 54 47.8 32.7 4.3 143.3 26.0 41.5 67.053 6.24 7.36 0.14 43.27 2.32 3.70 8.21 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 35 1.87 4.36 0.10 25.92 0.32 0.69 1.43 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 23 13.6 4.5 3.7 22.1 12.2 13.4 16.7 26 12.1 3.5 4.3 18.2 9.3 12.0 14.1

Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 23 44.5 6.4 36.0 61.5 39.7 43.7 49.5 26 43.9 5.0 33.7 52.4 40.8 43.1 48.6 10 23 37.2 6.7 28.7 50.5 31.7 34.2 42.8 26 39.0 5.6 26.4 47.0 35.0 38.9 45.0 60 23 33.3 6.5 23.8 46.0 27.6 31.4 39.6 26 35.2 5.9 24.0 44.9 31.9 34.0 40.6 1500 23 23.6 4.9 15.4 33.3 19.4 24.0 27.0 26 27.0 5.8 15.1 39.0 23.1 27.8 30.2 1 4 5 146 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R 7.5 6.5 7.2 5.0 1.0 0.8 7.6 0.11 6.9 6.3 6.0 4.3 0.6 0.6 6.3 1.64 1.74 0.07 26.4 30.2 Percentile 25 50 75 1.59 17.3 3.81.4 0.4 0.4 26.0 4.8 Horizon B1 0.2 0.2 2.0 Min Max 4.00.9 1.40.6 1.0 1.47.6 0.3 6.4 5.9 3.1 2.0 0.9 1.0 5.0 1.5 1.9 2.2 7.0 0.5 6.2 7.8 6.7 6.25.8 0.5 1.9 5.5 2.6 7.4 9.6 5.8 4.0 152 27 120 200 140 145 160 0.12 0.13 0.04 0.52 0.06 32.637.3 12.030.1 6.6 5.71.65 10.2 29.1 50.5 17.0 0.12 53.4 27.5 1.42 57.7 34.5 33.9 1.91 22.8 36.3 40.4 27.8 39.5 36.4 0.37 0.53 0.01 1.92 0.09 0.16 0.36 14.9 4.0 8.2 19.2 13.6 14.8 18.7 43.039.7 4.936.2 38.9 6.124.8 7.7 33.0 52.0 25.7 8.0 50.3 39.5 13.8 48.8 41.3 36.0 34.6 32.8 38.1 44.8 35.0 42.5 40.0 SCG 6 6 6 6 6 6 24 24 24 24 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 20 Points Sampling Irrigation Area Irrigation Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 1.5 23.0 2.0 3.9 5.7 Horizon A Min Max 6.7 4.2 22.1 8.3 14.4 18.3 5.5 4.4 0.9 2.56.3 6.75.7 0.8 3.85.6 1.0 5.52.7 4.4 1.3 4.90.7 8.4 1.4 4.9 3.50.7 1.1 8.3 0.6 5.85.5 0.4 9.4 0.1 5.2 6.1 6.5 0.2 4.6 5.4 6.5 4.2 1.9 5.5 1.4 5.8 0.2 2.3 6.1 0.4 0.3 3.4 0.7 0.5 1.1 41.838.6 5.835.5 6.0 37.125.0 5.9 32.6 50.1 5.2 28.8 46.5 37.5 17.9 43.4 34.7 38.9 32.1 32.2 35.8 48.1 20.6 33.3 45.9 25.4 42.0 28.3 25.9 15.3 5.0 64.4 14.2 24.5 32.5 3.30 5.74 0.44 27.42 1.14 1.31 2.69 17.038.9 8.944.1 5.31.53 4.2 7.6 29.0 0.12 36.6 31.3203 49.2 1.33 10.9 57.7 35.9 69 1.78 15.6 38.0 39.9 23.4 130 1.42 46.0 42.0 1.52 49.2 340 1.64 150 160 275 Table 29.10 SCG irrigation area - Soil Group 4 Group Soil - area irrigation SCG 29.10 Table Mean Std 6 13.6 6 6 6 6 24 24 24 24 24 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 0.14 0.17 0.04 0.73 0.06 0.07 0.13 24 Points Sampling 3 3 3 0 4 10 60 1500 2 2 Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) Silt (% g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Particle sizedistribution Bulk density (g/cm) Organic matter g/g)(% Depth ofhorizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl) (meq/100g)Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g)Na K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) rate infiltration Final ) /cm cm (% watercapacity Available Water retention characteristic Soil Group Physical Properties Physical Properties Chemical Properties Hydraulic Soil Properties L i s

Table 29.11 SCG irrigation area - Soil Group 5 t i n g

b y

Soil Group 5 Irrigation Area SCG I r r i

Horizon A Horizon B1 g a t Sampling Percentile Sampling Percentile i Soil Properties o Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 n

A

Physical Properties r e

Particle size distribution a /

Clay (% g/g) 6 23.0 6.7 16.2 33.0 16.9 21.5 29.1 6 47.0 7.8 39.3 58.8 41.4 44.5 53.6 S o i l

Silt (% g/g) 6 32.9 4.3 27.2 40.3 31.7 31.9 34.4 6 30.5 4.3 23.1 36.2 29.6 31.0 31.8 G

Sand (% g/g) 6 44.1 10.2 26.8 56.6 39.0 46.7 48.7 6 22.6 7.8 11.6 30.3 14.8 24.6 29.5 r o

Bulk density (g/cm 3 ) 1.53 u 6 1.40 0.07 1.32 1.51 1.36 1.38 1.45 6 1.58 0.08 1.47 1.67 1.59 1.65 p /

Organic matter (% g/g) 5 5.0 1.7 2.5 6.7 3.8 5.5 6.4 5 1.6 0.2 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.7 S o i

Depth of horizon (mm) l

6 207 12 200 230 200 200 210 2 180 150 210 P

Chemical Properties r o p

EC (dS/cm) 5 0.20 0.02 0.18 0.22 0.19 0.21 0.21 5 0.18 0.06 0.13 0.27 0.13 0.14 0.23 e r t pH (H O) 5 7.2 0.4 6.9 7.8 7.0 7.1 7.3 5 7.7 0.1 7.6 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.8 y 2 pH (CaCl ) 5 6.7 0.2 6.5 7.1 6.6 6.6 6.7 5 7.0 0.2 6.9 7.3 6.9 6.9 7.1 2 Ca (meq/100g) 5 11.9 2.0 9.5 15.0 10.6 12.0 12.8 5 10.1 2.7 6.8 14.0 8.6 9.4 11.8 Mg (meq/100g) 5 6.7 2.0 5.0 10.0 5.3 6.3 7.5 5 7.9 2.8 5.4 12.0 5.9 6.6 10.1 Na (meq/100g) 5 0.8 0.3 0.5 1.3 0.6 0.8 0.9 5 1.1 0.4 0.7 1.6 0.7 1.1 1.5 K (meq/100g) 5 1.1 0.2 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.3 5 1.2 0.2 0.9 1.4 0.9 1.2 1.3 ESP 5 3.9 0.9 2.9 4.8 2.9 3.9 4.8 5 5.4 1.0 3.9 6.4 4.9 5.5 6.2 Hydraulic Properties

Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 5 37.1 20.6 23.6 72.6 24.1 28.0 45.94 2.35 2.43 0.42 5.65 0.52 1.67 4.19 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 5 0.12 0.17 0.02 0.42 0.03 0.05 0.15 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 26.7 6.0 7.4 2 13.7 13.6 13.7

Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 2 48.6 44.2 53.0 2 48.7 48.1 49.2 10 2 43.0 41.5 44.5 2 45.2 44.9 45.6 60 2 41.1 40.0 42.3 2 43.3 42.6 44.0 1500 2 36.3 35.5 37.1 2 31.6 31.2 31.9 1 4 7 148 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R 6.8 6.0 3.2 3.7 0.5 0.5 7.3 0.06 6.3 5.5 3.1 3.2 0.5 0.3 6.6 1.66 1.73 0.06 Percentile 25 50 75 1.64 0.60.5 0.4 7.6 0.2 6.1 Horizon B1 0.4 0.2 6.1 Min Max 3.30.5 0.60.4 0.1 2.76.7 0.2 4.0 0.7 2.9 1.4 0.2 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.5 6.5 0.5 6.1 7.1 6.2 5.73.0 0.5 0.2 5.3 2.8 6.3 3.2 5.4 2.9 35.036.2 3.628.8 32.0 2.41.69 4.4 32.7 40.2 0.07 22.8 38.3 32.9 1.63 33.6 33.9 34.8 1.79 25.9 37.0 37.1 0.06 29.4 37.6 0.00 31.6 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.37 0.36 0.05 0.73 0.07 0.36 0.68 12.1 10.7 13.6 45.639.035.126.9 43.9 36.9 47.2 31.7 41.0 23.3 38.4 30.4 SCG 4 4 4 4 4 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 Points Sampling Irrigation Area Irrigation Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 3.4 7.1 3.7 4.3 5.9 Horizon A Min Max 13.0 14.2 1.6 3.6 0.5 2.95.7 4.25.1 0.2 3.34.6 0.2 5.52.4 3.7 1.1 4.90.4 6.0 0.9 4.0 3.80.4 0.1 5.3 1.8 5.64.8 0.4 6.2 0.3 5.0 5.7 3.8 0.2 4.0 5.1 5.9 0.4 1.8 4.2 0.9 5.3 0.3 2.1 5.3 0.2 0.3 3.1 0.3 0.4 0.6 48.041.537.227.9 47.3 41.4 48.6 36.6 41.7 27.2 37.8 28.7 41.1 11.6 30.5 55.9 31.9 38.9 50.2 2.88 0.63 2.37 3.82 2.42 2.67 3.35 25.736.7 9.037.6 3.4 17.41.52 7.2 32.2 38.0 0.02 29.9195 39.4 1.48 19.2 46.4 34.2 23.7 13 1.53 32.0 37.7 32.2 180 1.50 37.1 39.2 1.53 43.2 210 1.53 185 195 205 Table 29.12 SCG irrigation area - Soil Group 6 Group Soil - area irrigation SCG 29.12 Table Mean Std 2 13.6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 0.08 0.01 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.09 2 2 2 2 4 Points Sampling 3 3 3 0 6 10 60 1500 2 2 Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) Silt (% g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Particle sizedistribution Bulk density (g/cm) Organic matter g/g)(% Depth ofhorizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl) (meq/100g)Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g)Na K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) rate infiltration Final ) /cm cm (% watercapacity Available Water retention characteristic Soil Group Physical Properties Physical Properties Chemical Properties Hydraulic Soil Properties L i s

Table 29.13 RC irrigation area - Soil Group 1 Duplex soils t i n g

b y

Soil Group 1D Irrigation Area RC I r r i

Horizon A Horizon B1 g a t Sampling Percentile Sampling Percentile i Soil Properties o Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 n

A

Physical Properties r e

Particle size distribution a /

Clay (% g/g) 54 9.5 3.7 3.1 22.1 6.9 8.9 11.2 54 30.5 9.0 11.5 52.3 24.6 31.0 35.9 S o i l

Silt (% g/g) 54 38.2 7.7 19.5 54.0 32.7 38.5 43.4 54 42.5 10.5 18.0 57.2 38.9 44.9 49.3 G

Sand (% g/g) 54 52.3 9.2 35.0 76.6 46.2 51.6 60.5 54 27.1 11.5 9.4 59.8 19.4 24.6 32.3 r o

Bulk density (g/cm 3 ) 1.63 u 54 1.43 0.16 0.96 1.80 1.37 1.44 1.50 54 1.68 0.08 1.46 1.93 1.68 1.72 p /

Organic matter (% g/g) 44 7.7 2.1 1.9 12.0 6.8 7.8 8.9 44 2.6 0.6 1.0 3.8 2.3 2.5 2.9 S o i

Depth of horizon (mm) l

14 186 37 140 260 150 175 220 14 193 49 110 320 170 180 220 P

Chemical Properties r o p

EC (dS/cm) 44 0.16 0.08 0.06 0.45 0.11 0.14 0.17 44 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.30 0.07 0.08 0.10 e r t pH (H O) 44 5.7 0.3 5.2 6.7 5.6 5.6 5.8 44 6.8 0.5 5.9 8.3 6.6 6.8 7.1 y 2 pH (CaCl ) 44 5.1 0.3 4.6 6.3 4.9 5.0 5.2 44 6.0 0.5 5.1 7.7 5.7 5.9 6.1 2 Ca (meq/100g) 44 6.9 1.6 2.0 11.0 6.2 7.1 8.0 44 6.5 1.6 2.0 10.0 5.8 6.6 7.4 Mg (meq/100g) 44 4.0 0.7 2.3 5.6 3.6 4.0 4.5 44 4.4 1.0 1.9 6.5 3.8 4.3 4.9 Na (meq/100g) 44 0.5 0.2 0.2 1.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 44 0.7 0.3 0.3 1.7 0.5 0.6 0.8 K (meq/100g) 44 0.7 0.5 0.1 2.1 0.3 0.5 1.1 44 0.4 0.3 0.1 1.5 0.2 0.4 0.5 ESP 44 4.8 2.6 1.5 19.4 3.6 4.3 5.5 44 5.7 1.8 3.1 12.8 4.5 5.3 6.6 Hydraulic Properties

Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 49 46.4 27.5 10.3 130.5 28.1 38.2 61.012 9.59 6.64 0.65 20.38 3.47 10.14 13.87 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 43 3.98 7.17 0.01 36.18 0.20 1.23 3.28 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 8 20.4 6.7 12.9 31.2 15.3 18.1 26.3 8 15.4 6.6 10.1 30.8 11.7 13.9 15.5

Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 8 41.5 4.7 34.8 49.7 38.9 40.6 44.4 8 39.8 3.9 32.3 45.4 38.2 40.3 41.8 10 8 36.3 6.1 29.2 46.2 32.7 34.4 40.4 8 35.7 4.2 26.3 39.7 34.5 37.2 38.2 60 8 30.2 7.8 23.7 43.1 25.5 26.0 35.7 8 29.9 5.6 20.6 36.0 25.6 31.8 34.1 1500 8 15.9 4.1 7.6 21.9 14.9 16.4 17.5 8 20.3 6.7 7.8 26.8 16.0 22.5 25.4 1 4 9 150 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R 7.9 7.0 7.2 7.7 2.1 0.7 15.1 0.27 7.7 6.6 6.7 5.5 1.8 0.4 11.7 1.59 1.68 0.13 34.2 35.7 Percentile 25 50 75 1.55 32.9 5.01.9 1.6 0.3 22.8 10.3 Horizon B1 1.0 0.2 7.4 Min Max 6.22.0 1.30.6 1.1 4.9 0.5 8.1 5.3 2.3 0.3 1.8 2.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 7.6 0.5 6.8 8.4 7.4 6.76.5 0.5 1.4 5.8 3.9 7.8 9.1 6.5 5.8 12.9 4.2 166 30 120 230 160 170 170 0.21 0.21 0.08 0.81 0.10 40.631.6 14.627.8 8.2 6.91.62 15.8 17.0 61.5 0.10 7.1 43.4 34.3 1.48 61.2 43.4 26.7 1.81 15.9 34.2 50.5 21.5 36.3 38.3 1.29 1.50 0.08 3.92 0.18 0.41 2.57 11.6 3.0 8.4 16.4 9.4 10.7 14.0 47.143.7 5.640.0 35.8 6.832.1 6.9 30.6 51.2 26.1 6.2 50.0 48.6 19.6 44.3 48.7 44.1 36.1 41.1 45.4 49.7 42.6 46.9 43.5 RC 8 6 6 6 6 6 18 18 18 18 11 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 18 Points Sampling Irrigation Area Irrigation Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 3.0 19.0 4.6 6.4 9.2 Horizon A Min Max 3.6 11.4 20.1 13.4 15.6 19.3 4.4 5.0 1.8 1.96.3 8.45.7 0.7 4.06.7 0.8 5.34.2 5.3 2.2 4.91.0 7.6 2.0 6.1 3.40.5 1.1 7.2 2.3 6.07.5 10.0 0.4 0.4 5.2 6.2 9.1 0.1 5.4 5.4 6.7 4.4 2.8 6.8 1.4 6.0 0.5 8.3 3.4 0.2 0.6 5.3 0.4 0.8 0.6 Table 29.14 RC irrigation area - Soil Group 2 48.040.5 9.935.2 7.4 36.724.6 7.0 30.5 66.0 6.5 25.7 52.8 43.0 17.1 46.2 37.7 46.5 33.5 30.4 39.3 49.4 18.4 35.2 43.7 24.2 38.8 30.3 40.1 30.3 9.4 109.1 19.2 29.5 45.0 2.96 3.48 0.16 13.75 0.81 1.27 4.12 12.336.0 5.951.8 7.01.43 4.4 10.6 26.8 0.18 25.6 28.5191 51.6 1.09 66.9 8.5 29.3 42 1.77 45.5 11.3 35.3 130 1.28 53.7 13.5 38.0 1.44 59.1 290 1.58 160 185 210 Mean Std 6 15.9 6 6 6 6 18 18 18 18 18 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 0.25 0.27 0.07 0.98 0.09 0.12 0.29 18 Points Sampling 3 3 3 0 2 10 60 1500 2 2 Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) Silt (% g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Particle sizedistribution Bulk density (g/cm) Organic matter g/g)(% Depth ofhorizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl) (meq/100g)Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g)Na K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) rate infiltration Final ) /cm cm (% watercapacity Available Water retention characteristic Soil Group Physical Properties Physical Properties Chemical Properties Hydraulic Soil Properties L i s

Table 29.15 RC irrigation area - Soil Group 3 t i n g

b y

Soil Group 3 Irrigation Area RC I r r i

Horizon A Horizon B1 g a t Sampling Percentile Sampling Percentile i Soil Properties o Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 n

A

Physical Properties r e

Particle size distribution a /

Clay (% g/g) 22 25.5 9.9 9.1 46.2 17.4 22.6 33.7 22 41.1 15.5 17.7 60.1 22.6 47.9 53.7 S o i l

Silt (% g/g) 22 35.6 9.3 17.2 53.4 27.9 36.4 42.6 22 35.7 15.2 12.0 73.3 23.7 32.8 47.3 G

Sand (% g/g) 22 38.9 11.1 18.5 57.4 30.9 38.0 46.5 22 23.2 10.2 7.9 46.6 15.2 22.7 30.8 r o

Bulk density (g/cm 3 ) 1.47 u 22 1.50 0.15 1.19 1.73 1.38 1.54 1.61 22 1.53 0.11 1.29 1.71 1.52 1.59 p /

Organic matter (% g/g) 16 5.0 1.7 2.5 7.4 3.6 4.8 6.4 16 2.2 0.2 1.7 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.4 S o i

Depth of horizon (mm) l

22 162 38 100 262 140 160 180 10 160 39 80 210 140 155 200 P

Chemical Properties r o p

EC (dS/cm) 16 0.25 0.21 0.07 0.72 0.11 0.16 0.36 16 0.30 0.28 0.07 1.10 0.11 0.22 0.37 e r t pH (H O) 16 6.4 0.7 5.5 8.4 5.8 6.5 6.7 16 7.3 0.8 5.8 9.1 6.8 7.3 7.7 y 2 pH (CaCl ) 16 5.8 0.8 4.9 7.9 5.1 6.0 6.3 16 6.6 0.9 5.4 8.5 6.0 6.6 7.2 2 Ca (meq/100g) 16 7.7 3.2 4.8 18.0 5.6 7.2 9.0 16 7.8 3.2 4.2 18.0 6.0 6.9 8.6 Mg (meq/100g) 16 6.1 2.0 3.0 8.7 4.1 6.3 7.7 16 7.9 1.9 4.0 10.0 6.9 8.4 9.6 Na (meq/100g) 16 1.1 0.7 0.3 2.9 0.6 1.0 1.5 16 1.8 1.0 0.3 3.7 1.1 1.5 2.9 K (meq/100g) 16 0.6 0.4 0.2 1.4 0.3 0.4 1.0 16 0.7 0.3 0.2 1.2 0.4 0.7 1.0 ESP 16 7.0 3.0 2.8 14.7 4.9 7.5 8.7 16 9.7 4.8 2.8 17.2 4.8 9.4 14.0 Hydraulic Properties

Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 18 46.8 29.1 12.0 120.7 26.3 36.4 72.617 6.30 4.38 0.19 14.85 2.86 6.03 9.59 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 16 2.48 3.66 0.01 10.26 0.25 0.74 3.06 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 7 11.8 2.1 9.6 15.1 9.9 11.7 13.5 8 12.5 2.5 9.1 16.2 10.5 12.7 14.2

Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 7 45.1 4.5 38.1 53.2 43.5 44.7 46.2 8 47.4 9.8 32.9 60.5 40.1 46.3 56.5 10 7 40.5 3.4 34.3 43.5 38.8 41.0 43.3 8 40.7 8.3 27.1 51.2 34.9 40.7 48.1 60 7 35.4 4.4 30.0 40.3 30.9 36.9 39.4 8 36.5 8.7 22.2 47.4 30.7 36.6 43.8 1500 7 28.8 3.2 24.4 33.0 26.1 29.8 31.0 8 28.2 7.4 13.8 36.0 23.6 30.5 33.7 1 5 1 152 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R 7.7 7.0 2.7 0.8 10.5 13.2 0.39 10.8 7.5 6.7 7.9 9.3 2.1 0.5 11.5 1.53 1.56 0.30 33.3 35.0 Percentile 25 50 75 1.49 30.1 4.01.0 1.5 0.4 17.9 8.9 Horizon B1 0.9 0.4 2.8 Min Max 9.5 2.1 7.5 13.0 8.0 2.20.6 1.1 0.3 2.0 0.4 1.5 2.5 1.7 1.9 2.2 7.3 0.6 6.6 8.0 6.7 6.79.1 0.7 4.7 5.9 4.4 7.7 17.0 6.1 6.7 11.0 5.3 214 48 160 320 180 205 230 0.31 0.11 0.17 0.45 0.25 48.533.4 11.218.1 23.1 8.71.52 60.1 5.9 24.2 0.05 43.1 54.5 8.5 1.43 51.5 27.0 28.0 1.57 57.3 31.9 13.5 37.3 19.1 22.2 1.18 0.51 0.70 1.98 0.77 1.16 1.44 13.1 3.9 5.9 18.5 11.4 13.3 16.2 50.345.6 4.941.8 43.7 4.432.5 4.4 37.6 58.6 33.3 4.1 52.1 46.5 24.5 47.7 49.2 43.8 38.5 39.3 44.7 54.7 42.4 48.4 45.3 RC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 7 5 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Points Sampling Irrigation Area Irrigation Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 0.5 15.6 4.6 9.7 11.8 Horizon A Min Max 2.0 8.2 14.1 9.7 10.8 12.8 5.6 4.0 0.9 3.46.1 5.35.6 0.5 3.47.1 0.5 5.44.4 3.4 3.9 5.00.9 6.7 0.8 4.8 3.10.5 0.6 6.1 3.5 5.88.5 13.0 0.2 0.1 5.2 6.0 5.5 0.2 3.8 5.4 6.4 1.5 3.8 7.5 0.7 6.0 0.6 9.3 4.2 0.4 1.0 5.2 0.6 1.4 0.6 Table 29.16 RC irrigation area - Soil Group 4 43.138.5 5.934.2 5.4 35.227.4 5.6 29.0 52.2 5.8 24.7 46.7 40.1 19.7 42.8 36.8 42.3 35.9 31.2 38.0 47.8 22.7 34.5 41.1 28.9 35.6 29.7 26.7 20.4 9.8 74.8 14.7 17.4 35.5 2.78 1.61 0.82 4.80 1.27 2.63 4.29 29.239.2 12.131.6 13.4 7.51.55 12.7 28.5 47.9 0.13 8.3147 21.7 54.5 1.34 24.9 44.7 34.2 28 1.74 42.4 21.5 37.0 120 1.45 37.3 44.8 1.53 41.3 200 1.63 120 140 170 Mean Std 9 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 0.21 0.05 0.13 0.27 0.19 0.23 0.24 10 11.2 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Points Sampling 3 3 3 0 4 10 60 1500 2 2 Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) Silt (% g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Particle sizedistribution Bulk density (g/cm) Organic matter g/g)(% Depth ofhorizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl) (meq/100g)Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g)Na K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) rate infiltration Final ) /cm cm (% watercapacity Available Water retention characteristic Soil Group Physical Properties Physical Properties Chemical Properties Hydraulic Soil Properties L i s

Table 29.17 RC irrigation area - Soil Group 5 t i n g

b y

Soil Group 5 Irrigation Area RC I r r i

Horizon A Horizon B1 g a t Sampling Percentile Sampling Percentile i Soil Properties o Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 n

A

Physical Properties r e

Particle size distribution a /

Clay (% g/g) 8 36.8 13.6 23.6 62.7 27.8 30.6 45.8 8 62.7 3.5 56.8 67.3 60.6 62.7 65.6 S o i l

Silt (% g/g) 8 28.1 3.5 22.9 34.1 25.7 28.1 30.2 8 19.5 4.3 13.9 24.9 16.7 17.6 24.2 G

Sand (% g/g) 8 35.1 11.7 10.9 46.5 29.6 39.6 42.4 8 17.8 5.2 11.0 26.9 13.7 17.9 20.7 r o

Bulk density (g/cm 3 ) 1.43 u 8 1.42 0.09 1.29 1.53 1.34 1.41 1.51 8 1.45 0.03 1.41 1.51 1.45 1.47 p /

Organic matter (% g/g) 6 5.4 1.7 2.9 8.0 4.8 5.3 5.9 6 2.1 0.3 1.8 2.5 1.8 2.2 2.3 S o i

Depth of horizon (mm) l

8 161 15 130 170 155 170 170 4 155 39 110 200 125 155 185 P

Chemical Properties r o p

EC (dS/cm) 6 0.40 0.17 0.13 0.64 0.31 0.42 0.47 6 0.39 0.16 0.24 0.64 0.24 0.35 0.52 e r t pH (H O) 6 6.7 0.2 6.5 6.9 6.5 6.7 6.8 6 7.5 0.2 7.3 7.7 7.4 7.5 7.7 y 2 pH (CaCl ) 6 6.1 0.2 5.7 6.4 6.1 6.2 6.3 6 6.9 0.1 6.8 7.0 6.8 6.9 6.9 2 Ca (meq/100g) 6 8.3 1.5 5.9 9.8 7.8 8.5 9.5 6 8.6 1.1 6.7 9.9 8.1 8.9 9.2 Mg (meq/100g) 6 7.3 0.6 6.5 8.2 6.9 7.2 7.9 6 10.7 1.8 7.9 13.0 10.0 10.5 12.0 Na (meq/100g) 6 1.8 0.3 1.4 2.4 1.7 1.8 1.8 6 3.7 0.5 2.9 4.3 3.3 3.7 4.1 K (meq/100g) 6 0.9 0.4 0.4 1.4 0.8 0.9 1.3 6 1.8 0.7 0.5 2.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 ESP 6 9.9 2.2 7.6 13.6 8.5 9.2 11.2 6 14.9 2.4 10.9 17.2 13.6 15.7 16.6 Hydraulic Properties

Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 7 33.2 23.6 14.4 82.5 17.4 24.6 38.46 1.82 1.05 0.54 3.67 1.35 1.73 1.89 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 6 0.42 0.43 0.06 1.20 0.08 0.34 0.51 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 4 12.3 4.9 7.2 18.9 8.9 11.6 15.8 4 11.9 1.3 10.9 13.8 11.0 11.4 12.8

Water retention characteristic Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 4 49.5 4.6 45.2 53.8 45.6 49.5 53.5 4 55.4 6.9 49.0 61.5 49.4 55.6 61.4 10 4 45.5 2.9 43.0 48.7 43.0 45.2 48.0 4 48.2 2.9 45.1 52.1 46.3 47.7 50.0 60 4 42.8 3.4 39.5 47.0 40.1 42.3 45.5 4 46.3 2.6 43.6 49.9 44.7 45.9 47.9 1500 4 33.2 4.5 28.4 38.1 29.4 33.2 36.9 4 36.3 1.6 34.3 38.3 35.2 36.2 37.3 1 5 3 154 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R 7.8 6.9 9.9 2.1 1.5 10.2 10.1 0.16 7.3 6.4 7.6 9.9 1.2 0.9 6.3 1.45 1.56 0.12 38.4 40.2 Percentile 25 50 75 1.41 38.0 2.22.2 1.1 0.6 10.4 5.1 Horizon B1 1.0 0.4 4.2 Min Max 9.81.5 0.91.1 0.6 8.47.3 0.7 11.0 2.8 9.5 2.5 0.8 1.3 3.3 2.1 2.7 3.2 7.4 0.4 7.0 7.8 7.1 6.69.1 0.5 3.3 6.1 7.0 7.3 15.0 6.2 7.4 235 200 270 0.13 0.05 0.07 0.21 0.09 59.322.4 3.618.3 54.2 7.51.48 9.2 15.2 63.7 0.07 34.4 56.5 7.3 1.41 59.6 18.3 28.3 1.57 18.8 62.2 7.5 28.8 19.9 27.0 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.03 0.05 13.2 2.8 10.2 15.7 10.8 13.5 15.6 61.252.3 3.048.7 59.3 1.639.1 1.3 50.2 65.7 47.5 1.7 53.6 59.6 37.9 50.6 60.0 51.0 41.6 47.8 52.7 62.9 48.3 53.6 49.5 RC 6 6 6 6 5 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 Points Sampling Irrigation Area Irrigation Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 2.1 6.7 3.7 4.4 6.0 Horizon A Min Max 3.9 8.5 16.3 9.1 12.3 15.7 1.8 4.4 1.3 2.56.1 5.75.5 0.7 3.67.5 0.7 5.55.0 4.6 4.9 4.90.6 7.1 2.2 5.4 4.10.9 0.2 6.6 3.2 5.64.6 16.0 1.1 0.4 5.0 5.7 8.6 0.3 4.2 5.1 6.6 0.8 3.3 6.3 2.9 5.9 0.5 9.3 4.4 0.3 0.6 6.4 0.6 0.6 1.3 Table 29.18 RC irrigation area - Soil Group 6 56.345.8 8.542.4 4.5 48.033.4 5.2 41.3 67.8 7.5 36.9 51.6 50.2 24.9 49.0 42.3 54.7 43.0 38.6 45.1 62.4 28.4 41.9 49.2 32.7 46.3 38.4 23.0 16.5 4.0 49.6 12.8 20.7 30.1 1.39 1.00 0.44 3.12 0.92 1.14 1.64 37.427.9 21.934.7 19.6 4.91.52 20.5 21.5 70.8 0.19 7.6177 21.7 32.9 1.23 26.6 56.5 23.9 50 1.72 59.1 10.3 28.0 100 1.36 44.2 32.8 1.58 45.5 240 1.68 140 190 200 Mean Std 4 12.4 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 0.12 0.05 0.08 0.21 0.09 0.10 0.14 4 4 4 4 6 Points Sampling 3 3 3 0 6 10 60 1500 2 2 Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) Silt (% g/g) Sand (% Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Particle sizedistribution Bulk density (g/cm) Organic matter g/g)(% Depth ofhorizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl) (meq/100g)Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g)Na K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) rate infiltration Final ) /cm cm (% watercapacity Available Water retention characteristic Soil Group Physical Properties Physical Properties Chemical Properties Hydraulic Soil Properties

9. Listing by Soil Group / Soil Property Property bySoilGroup/ 9. Listing

L i s

Table 30.1 Soil Group 1 Sandy soils t i n g 1S Soil Group b y

Horizon A Horizon B1 S o i l

Sampling Percentile Sampling Percentile

Soil Properties G

Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 r o u

Physical Properties p Particle size distribution / S

Clay (% g/g) 8 1.5 0.6 0.3 2.2 1.2 1.6 2.0 8 4.2 2.6 1.2 7.3 1.5 4.5 6.4 o i l

Silt (% g/g) 8 14.5 7.5 5.8 23.7 6.4 16.3 20.5 8 14.3 8.0 2.8 23.0 6.1 18.1 20.1 P r Sand (% g/g) o

8 84.0 8.0 74.4 93.9 77.5 81.9 92.3 8 81.6 10.2 71.4 96.0 74.4 75.7 92.5 p

3 e Bulk density (g/cm ) 1.66 r

8 1.65 0.09 1.52 1.79 1.58 1.67 1.70 8 1.74 0.12 1.54 1.88 1.74 1.85 t y Organic matter (% g/g) 8 1.8 0.4 1.3 2.5 1.4 1.7 2.0 8 1.1 0.4 0.6 1.7 0.8 1.0 1.4 Depth of horizon (mm) 0 0 Chemical Properties EC (dS/cm) 8 0.08 0.04 0.04 0.14 0.04 0.07 0.12 8 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.10 0.04 0.07 0.10 7.2 pH (H2 O) 8 7.4 1.3 5.8 9.0 6.4 7.2 8.6 8 7.1 1.8 5.2 8.8 5.4 8.8 6.3 pH (CaCl 2 ) 8 6.6 1.0 5.0 7.9 5.9 6.5 7.6 8 6.2 1.6 4.5 7.8 4.7 7.7 Ca (meq/100g) 8 2.9 1.4 1.0 4.7 1.9 3.0 4.1 8 1.9 1.1 0.7 3.8 0.9 2.0 2.5 Mg (meq/100g) 8 1.5 1.2 0.2 2.9 0.3 1.4 2.6 8 1.1 0.9 0.1 2.2 0.2 1.0 1.9 Na (meq/100g) 8 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.7 8 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.5 K (meq/100g) 8 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.7 8 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.7 ESP 8 5.8 3.4 1.8 10.3 2.2 6.7 8.4 8 6.8 2.9 2.3 10.4 4.7 7.0 9.2 Hydraulic Properties

Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 8 140.5 152.7 17.8 366.9 24.8 48.3 296.48 36.48 31.46 6.13 83.16 12.83 21.62 66.84 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 8 128.68 169.13 8.52 420.00 13.86 28.59 258.00 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 4 16.4 2.5 12.8 18.5 14.9 17.1 17.9 4 14.2 1.9 9.0 16.5 12.1 15.7 16.3 Water retention characteristic

Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 4 39.0 6.6 19.4 35.1 35.4 38.5 42.7 4 36.2 4.8 30.7 42.0 32.7 36.0 39.7 10 4 23.6 5.4 26.2 16.8 19.8 24.4 27.3 4 20.7 6.3 12.2 26.3 16.1 22.1 25.3 60 4 17.5 4.9 37.5 10.7 12.4 17.5 22.5 4 15.4 6.8 7.7 23.3 10.0 15.3 20.8 1500 4 7.2 3.4 13.6 4.0 4.2 6.5 10.2 4 6.5 3.1 3.2 10.1 4.0 6.3 9.0 1 5 5 156 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R 7.2 6.4 7.2 4.6 0.9 0.6 7.3 0.10 6.9 6.0 6.2 4.0 0.7 0.4 5.5 1.68 1.73 0.08 21.7 24.3 Percentile 25 50 75 12.8 1.63 2.3 0.5 1.5 0.3 32.8 4.4 Horizon B1 0.1 0.1 1.6 Min Max 2.5 0.6 0.9 3.8 2.1 2.5 2.8 7.0 0.7 5.9 8.8 6.6 6.1 0.6 5.1 7.7 5.7 5.8 2.0 2.0 10.0 4.5 3.8 1.4 0.5 6.5 3.0 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.3 7.3 6.0 37.432.4 4.628.0 30.6 5.819.6 5.7 23.8 45.4 20.1 6.8 39.7 32.3 36.0 38.3 26.1 7.8 23.3 34.5 41.5 29.6 27.4 37.4 33.9 29.741.5 8.928.8 10.1 11.51.68 11.7 18.0 52.3 0.08 57.2 9.4 24.3 1.46 36.6 62.7 29.4 1.93 44.4 20.8 35.5 48.8 26.3 36.1 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.30 0.07 5.85 9.12 0.01 36.18 0.20 1.30 7.59 12.8 2.5 4.1 30.8 10.1 13.0 15.0 70 70 70 70 57 20 18857 57 5857 11057 32057 15057 17557 57 220 28 56 14 14 14 14 14 Points Sampling Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 1.3 31.3 3.6 4.5 5.7 Horizon A Min Max 6.5 8.7 31.1 12.6 15.8 19.6 5.5 Table 30.2 Soil Group 1 Duplex soils 6.6 2.8 1.66.1 12.05.4 0.9 4.06.3 0.7 5.2 7.23.7 1.8 4.60.7 8.5 8.5 1.0 2.00.7 0.5 7.3 0.4 5.66.2 11.0 0.4 0.1 5.0 5.7 5.6 0.1 4.9 5.1 6.1 3.4 3.3 6.7 2.1 5.5 0.4 7.6 3.9 0.3 0.5 4.4 0.6 0.7 0.9 40.233.1 7.027.9 6.8 18.915.7 6.6 37.0 34.8 5.0 44.4 26.1 36.2 19.3 22.5 28.9 39.5 23.6 32.7 43.1 7.6 25.7 35.7 13.5 29.4 16.3 17.0 196 42 140 320 170 185 230 48.5 30.1 10.3 143.3 27.5 38.4 63.0 11.69 17.18 0.65 91.19 2.72 7.25 13.87 12.337.8 8.549.9 7.91.47 3.1 10.9 19.5 0.17 21.3 44.1 54.0 0.96 76.6 7.4 32.3 1.80 43.5 10.0 38.5 1.39 48.6 12.2 43.6 1.47 56.9 1.60 Mean Std 14 14 14 14 65 14 17.4 57 0.15 0.08 0.06 0.45 0.11 0.13 0.16 70 70 70 57 30 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 70 Points Sampling 3 3 3 3 3 0 1D 10 60 1500 2 Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) (% Silt g/g) Sand (% 2 Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Bulk density (g/cm ) Bulk density g/g) Organic matter (% cm /cm ) water (% capacity Available Particle size distribution Depth of horizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl ) Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g) Na (meq/100g) K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) conductivity Sat. hydraulic Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) Water retention characteristic Soil Group Soil Soil Properties Chemical Properties Properties Hydraulic Physical Properties Physical L i s

Table 30.3 Soil Group 2 t i n g 2 Soil Group b y

Horizon A Horizon B1 S o i l

Sampling Percentile Sampling Percentile

Soil Properties G

Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 r o u

Physical Properties p Particle size distribution / S

Clay (% g/g) 112 13.7 6.0 4.4 38.6 9.6 11.9 16.5 112 38.7 12.4 3.3 61.5 32.1 41.5 48.0 o i l

Silt (% g/g) 112 35.0 7.4 19.5 63.4 30.7 34.2 37.5 112 31.7 8.1 10.1 48.6 26.2 32.4 36.9 P r Sand (% g/g) o

112 51.3 10.2 23.2 74.7 46.1 53.3 57.6 112 29.6 12.3 7.1 81.3 21.8 26.7 36.5 p

3 e Bulk density (g/cm ) 1.58 r

112 1.53 0.15 1.01 1.77 1.46 1.55 1.62 112 1.64 0.09 1.44 1.95 1.63 1.68 t y Organic matter (% g/g) 84 5.1 1.3 1.9 8.4 4.4 5.1 6.1 84 2.6 0.7 1.1 4.2 2.1 2.6 3.1 Depth of horizon (mm) 72 185 36 130 290 160 185 210 40 192 55 100 310 155 180 230 Chemical Properties EC (dS/cm) 84 0.14 0.13 0.04 0.98 0.09 0.12 0.16 84 0.14 0.13 0.04 0.84 0.08 0.10 0.15 6.9 pH (H2 O) 84 6.2 0.7 5.0 8.4 5.9 6.0 6.3 84 7.0 0.7 6.0 8.8 6.5 7.5 5.9 pH (CaCl 2 ) 84 5.5 0.7 4.5 7.9 5.2 5.3 5.7 84 6.2 0.7 4.9 8.2 5.7 6.6 Ca (meq/100g) 84 5.8 1.6 3.2 12.0 4.7 5.7 6.2 84 5.8 2.3 2.0 17.0 4.4 5.6 6.8 Mg (meq/100g) 84 3.4 1.3 0.9 9.1 2.8 3.4 3.9 84 4.3 1.7 1.1 8.7 3.0 4.2 5.4 Na (meq/100g) 84 0.9 0.6 0.1 4.4 0.5 0.8 1.0 84 1.3 0.9 0.2 5.6 0.8 1.1 1.5 K (meq/100g) 84 0.5 0.5 0.1 2.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 84 0.6 0.5 0.1 2.8 0.3 0.4 0.7 ESP 84 7.9 3.6 2.0 22.3 6.0 8.1 9.3 84 10.6 5.2 1.5 28.8 7.9 10.1 11.8 Hydraulic Properties

Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 112 27.3 18.9 3.9 109.1 14.3 23.3 34.463 3.61 3.89 0.10 18.28 0.79 2.08 5.34 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 78 0.88 2.06 0.01 10.86 0.07 0.14 0.74 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 36 14.6 4.3 5.3 22.8 11.9 13.9 18.4 36 12.5 1.7 7.0 20.1 10.5 12.3 14.5 Water retention characteristic

Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 36 43.3 8.1 45.6 33.5 38.9 41.8 46.5 36 45.1 4.9 35.0 55.3 41.8 45.5 48.7 10 36 38.4 7.3 37.5 29.3 34.6 37.1 41.6 36 41.8 5.4 28.6 50.7 39.7 42.2 45.4 60 36 34.1 7.2 34.6 25.7 30.6 33.4 36.0 36 38.4 5.5 25.3 47.3 35.7 38.9 41.6 1500 36 23.7 6.2 33.6 13.6 19.4 23.3 27.4 36 29.3 5.2 17.9 37.8 26.0 29.5 33.5 1 5 7 158 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R 7.5 6.8 6.8 7.6 1.8 1.0 13.2 0.21 7.1 6.2 5.4 5.0 1.1 0.7 8.5 1.62 1.71 0.10 27.8 30.8 Percentile 25 50 75 22.4 1.56 4.8 0.6 1.4 0.4 28.2 4.8 Horizon B1 0.2 0.1 2.4 Min Max 2.0 0.5 1.1 3.8 1.7 1.9 2.4 7.2 0.7 5.8 9.1 6.7 6.4 0.8 5.0 8.5 5.9 5.8 2.7 1.9 18.0 4.2 5.6 2.5 1.5 10.0 3.5 1.3 1.0 0.7 0.4 9.9 5.8 43.838.8 6.835.1 32.3 6.826.9 7.0 25.8 60.5 22.2 6.3 51.2 40.0 13.8 47.4 43.1 34.8 39.0 30.0 39.2 48.6 34.6 45.3 40.6 42.330.5 14.227.3 14.5 10.31.62 11.2 12.0 70.4 0.12 73.3 31.4 4.2 1.29 23.6 44.7 63.5 1.94 29.9 53.0 18.4 35.1 26.0 33.9 0.16 0.18 0.04 1.10 0.07 1.97 3.99 0.01 25.92 0.29 0.66 1.43 12.0 1.8 4.3 18.2 9.7 12.0 13.8 85 85 85 85 57 39 16157 57 4457 6057 25057 13057 57 16057 198 80 55 42 42 42 42 42 Points Sampling Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 1.5 25.5 3.6 5.6 8.6 Horizon A Table 30.4 Soil Group 3 Min Max 4.1 3.7 22.1 11.2 13.2 15.1 4.7 4.3 1.5 2.16.3 8.25.8 0.8 3.16.0 0.8 4.73.8 4.0 2.7 4.40.8 8.6 2.1 5.1 3.10.6 0.8 8.6 0.9 5.86.9 18.0 0.4 0.1 5.1 6.4 8.7 0.1 4.0 5.8 6.8 4.6 2.1 5.4 1.6 6.2 0.3 7.3 3.1 0.3 0.6 5.3 0.4 1.1 0.9 43.937.2 7.833.2 7.1 35.823.9 6.8 38.0 34.4 5.8 35.3 26.4 38.3 28.0 22.9 32.3 43.7 14.1 28.9 36.0 47.2 19.7 32.3 42.7 24.2 38.8 27.8 170 36 100 290 150 170 190 44.2 31.3 4.2 143.3 20.8 37.2 60.3 5.68 6.48 0.14 43.27 1.97 3.68 7.37 19.835.6 8.944.6 8.31.55 7.2 11.7 17.2 0.17 16.7 46.2 65.0 1.00 14.0 65.1 30.2 1.81 17.5 37.2 34.9 23.2 1.47 46.0 39.9 1.59 53.8 1.68 Mean Std 37 37 37 37 82 37 13.3 57 0.18 0.16 0.04 0.72 0.08 0.13 0.22 86 86 86 57 86 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 86 Points Sampling 3 3 3 3 3 0 3 10 60 1500 2 Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) (% Silt g/g) Sand (% 2 Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Bulk density (g/cm ) Bulk density g/g) Organic matter (% cm /cm ) water (% capacity Available Particle size distribution Depth of horizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl ) Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g) Na (meq/100g) K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) conductivity Sat. hydraulic Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) Water retention characteristic Soil Group Soil Soil Properties Chemical Properties Properties Hydraulic Physical Properties Physical L i s

Table 30.5 Soil Group 4 t i n g 4 Soil Group b y

Horizon A Horizon B1 S o i l

Sampling Percentile Sampling Percentile

Soil Properties G

Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 r o u

Physical Properties p Particle size distribution / S

Clay (% g/g) 34 20.6 11.3 4.2 47.9 12.4 20.9 25.8 34 37.3 13.7 6.5 60.1 28.0 37.7 48.6 o i l

Silt (% g/g) 34 39.0 5.9 28.5 54.5 35.7 39.5 42.2 34 36.2 6.8 24.2 54.5 32.3 35.5 39.2 P r Sand (% g/g) o

34 40.4 10.8 8.3 57.7 33.7 42.8 47.6 34 26.6 10.6 8.5 57.7 19.8 24.4 32.5 p

3 e Bulk density (g/cm ) 1.52 r

34 1.53 0.12 1.33 1.78 1.42 1.53 1.64 34 1.61 0.12 1.41 1.91 1.60 1.66 t y Organic matter (% g/g) 26 4.3 0.9 2.5 6.7 3.4 4.3 4.8 26 2.0 0.9 1.0 5.0 1.5 1.9 2.1 Depth of horizon (mm) 34 186 65 120 340 150 160 210 16 191 51 120 320 155 190 220 Chemical Properties EC (dS/cm) 26 0.16 0.16 0.04 0.73 0.07 0.11 0.21 26 0.16 0.15 0.04 0.52 0.06 0.08 0.26 7.0 pH (H2 O) 26 6.2 0.7 5.4 8.4 5.8 6.1 6.4 26 7.1 0.5 6.2 8.0 6.7 7.5 6.3 pH (CaCl 2 ) 26 5.7 0.9 4.9 8.3 5.2 5.4 5.9 26 6.3 0.6 5.5 7.7 5.9 6.6 Ca (meq/100g) 26 5.9 2.1 3.1 13.0 4.6 5.6 6.5 26 6.4 2.9 2.6 17.0 4.2 6.3 7.4 Mg (meq/100g) 26 3.1 1.5 0.6 6.5 2.0 3.0 4.2 26 5.0 2.7 1.4 13.0 3.5 4.6 5.9 Na (meq/100g) 26 0.7 1.0 0.1 4.2 0.2 0.3 0.8 26 1.2 1.1 0.2 4.0 0.5 0.8 1.4 K (meq/100g) 26 0.7 0.4 0.2 1.4 0.4 0.6 0.9 26 0.6 0.3 0.2 1.4 0.4 0.5 0.8 ESP 26 6.1 5.6 0.5 23.0 2.0 4.1 7.8 26 8.3 5.8 2.0 26.0 4.9 6.6 10.9 Hydraulic Properties

Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 33 26.1 16.5 5.0 74.8 14.6 23.2 33.129 3.17 5.03 0.44 27.42 1.13 1.44 2.97 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 25 0.53 0.61 0.01 1.98 0.10 0.29 0.81 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 16 12.1 4.3 4.2 22.1 9.5 11.3 14.1 16 13.7 2.0 5.9 19.2 11.5 13.6 17.1 Water retention characteristic

Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 16 42.6 7.2 32.5 35.2 38.0 40.8 47.9 16 47.5 6.0 38.9 58.6 42.5 47.4 51.0 10 16 38.5 6.8 29.6 29.0 35.0 37.5 43.5 16 43.3 5.7 33.0 52.1 38.1 44.1 47.8 60 16 34.7 6.6 30.7 24.7 31.7 34.1 38.8 16 39.7 6.3 25.7 48.8 35.0 41.1 44.1 1500 16 26.5 6.0 31.1 17.9 21.6 27.6 29.7 16 29.6 6.8 13.8 38.5 26.5 30.2 34.8 1 5 9 160 Soil Hydrauli c Properti es of the SI R 7.7 7.0 9.7 3.7 1.9 15.7 11.5 0.35 7.7 6.9 9.1 2.3 1.4 9.8 11.4 1.47 1.59 0.24 35.2 37.3 Percentile 25 50 75 31.6 1.44 4.3 1.1 2.6 0.9 17.2 5.9 Horizon B1 3.9 0.7 0.2 Min Max 1.9 0.4 1.3 2.5 1.7 1.8 2.2 7.5 0.4 6.3 7.9 7.5 6.8 0.5 5.3 7.3 6.9 8.8 2.6 3.4 14.0 7.5 8.92.4 3.0 1.4 3.7 13.0 6.4 1.4 0.7 51.246.0 8.044.0 36.7 6.233.7 6.4 32.5 61.5 29.8 5.3 52.3 48.5 22.4 50.4 49.5 45.0 38.8 43.1 46.5 57.5 44.9 50.0 47.9 10.7 5.0 55.125.0 12.419.8 26.8 8.01.51 71.3 7.4 13.9 0.09 44.5 41.9 8.5 1.41 59.1 17.6 31.2 1.69 63.6 24.2 13.7 31.0 19.8 26.8 0.28 0.17 0.09 0.64 0.14 0.36 0.42 0.02 1.20 0.05 0.14 0.49 12.3 1.2 10.1 13.8 11.0 12.6 13.7 8 165 34 110 210 145 160 195 8 8 8 8 8 16 16 16 16 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Points Sampling Percentile 25 50 75 Mean Std 2.9 13.6 4.3 7.3 9.2 Horizon A Table 30.6 Soil Group 5 Min Max 4.1 6.0 18.9 7.3 9.4 11.6 3.4 5.1 1.6 2.56.8 8.06.3 0.4 4.19.7 0.5 6.07.0 5.3 2.5 5.11.3 7.8 1.3 6.1 5.91.0 0.6 7.1 5.0 6.67.1 15.0 0.3 0.5 6.1 6.9 10.0 0.4 7.8 6.4 7.1 2.4 6.4 9.5 1.4 6.6 0.8 11.5 6.9 0.9 1.4 7.6 1.0 1.8 1.3 48.444.6 7.342.3 7.0 18.434.4 6.9 7.1 43.8 6.2 7.9 44.7 41.5 13.9 47.0 39.5 42.4 28.4 53.1 40.0 43.8 31.1 41.5 47.0 35.7 44.6 37.6 176 29 130 230 155 170 200 36.3 20.3 14.4 82.5 23.6 30.3 40.4 1.97 1.50 0.42 5.65 0.82 1.73 2.50 32.530.6 13.336.9 16.2 4.91.43 12.3 22.9 62.7 0.10 10.9 22.6 40.3 1.29 56.6 29.9 26.8 1.65 26.8 37.5 30.2 1.37 39.6 33.0 1.41 46.6 1.50 Mean Std 8 8 8 8 8 10.2 14 16 12 0.29 0.16 0.10 0.64 0.19 0.22 0.42 16 16 16 12 16 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Points Sampling 3 3 3 3 3 0 5 10 60 1500 2 Clay (% g/g) (% Clay g/g) (% Silt g/g) Sand (% 2 Matric suction (kPa) suction Matric Volumetric water cm /cm ) at content (% Bulk density (g/cm ) Bulk density g/g) Organic matter (% cm /cm ) water (% capacity Available Particle size distribution Depth of horizon (mm) EC (dS/cm) pH (H O) pH (CaCl ) Ca (meq/100g) Mg (meq/100g) Na (meq/100g) K (meq/100g) ESP (mm/hr) conductivity Sat. hydraulic Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) Water retention characteristic Soil Group Soil Chemical Properties Properties Hydraulic Physical Properties Physical Soil Properties L i s

Table 30.7 Soil Group 6 t i n g 6 Soil Group b y

Horizon A Horizon B1 S o i l

Sampling Percentile Sampling Percentile

Soil Properties G

Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75Points Mean Std Min Max 25 50 75 r o u

Physical Properties p Particle size distribution / S

Clay (% g/g) 22 29.1 13.7 16.1 70.8 20.9 24.8 33.3 22 46.9 12.3 21.3 63.7 35.5 49.1 57.0 o i l

Silt (% g/g) 22 34.6 6.9 21.5 50.9 31.8 33.2 39.1 22 29.3 8.3 15.2 45.1 22.9 30.1 34.4 P r Sand (% g/g) o

22 36.3 12.6 7.6 56.5 29.9 39.7 45.3 22 23.8 8.8 7.3 45.2 18.2 22.6 29.7 p

3 e Bulk density (g/cm ) 1.52 r

22 1.56 0.12 1.23 1.72 1.53 1.55 1.64 22 1.60 0.12 1.41 1.86 1.59 1.65 t y Organic matter (% g/g) 17 3.7 1.4 1.4 6.5 2.8 3.8 4.3 17 1.7 0.7 0.7 3.3 1.3 1.6 2.2 Depth of horizon (mm) 22 190 34 100 240 180 200 210 10 198 41 120 270 180 200 220 Chemical Properties EC (dS/cm) 17 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.21 0.08 0.08 0.11 17 0.09 0.05 0.04 0.21 0.06 0.07 0.10 7.1 pH (H2 O) 17 6.1 0.7 5.4 7.6 5.6 5.8 6.4 17 7.0 0.6 6.1 8.0 6.4 7.2 6.1 pH (CaCl 2 ) 17 5.4 0.6 4.8 6.7 4.9 5.1 5.7 17 6.1 0.6 5.1 7.3 5.6 6.3 Ca (meq/100g) 17 5.9 2.9 3.8 16.0 4.3 5.2 6.2 17 6.3 3.1 2.8 15.0 3.2 6.5 7.5 Mg (meq/100g) 17 3.4 2.2 1.0 8.6 1.8 3.2 4.0 17 6.0 3.2 1.3 11.0 3.2 5.0 9.8 Na (meq/100g) 17 0.5 0.3 0.1 1.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 17 1.0 0.7 0.2 2.6 0.5 1.0 1.2 K (meq/100g) 17 0.6 0.7 0.2 2.9 0.2 0.4 0.7 17 0.7 0.5 0.2 2.2 0.4 0.5 1.0 ESP 17 5.1 1.8 1.8 7.6 3.8 5.8 6.5 17 7.0 2.3 2.1 11.1 5.9 7.1 8.2 Hydraulic Properties

Sat. hydraulic conductivity (mm/hr) 22 21.5 15.5 4.0 55.9 10.8 14.4 30.517 1.34 1.14 0.03 3.82 0.44 1.09 2.39 Final infiltration rate (mm/hr) 16 0.19 0.24 0.00 0.73 0.02 0.06 0.38 Available water capacity (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) 16 10.3 3.7 5.5 16.3 7.2 9.3 13.9 16 12.6 1.7 6.5 16.7 10.5 12.6 15.6 Water retention characteristic

Volumetric water content (% cm 3 /cm 3 ) at Matric suction (kPa) 0 16 45.5 8.2 70.4 35.2 38.9 44.8 48.3 16 49.5 8.9 38.1 65.7 42.4 45.7 58.6 10 16 40.1 7.2 28.5 31.8 35.1 41.2 42.5 16 44.3 6.9 34.2 53.8 39.5 42.1 51.6 60 16 36.9 7.0 28.8 29.6 32.1 36.9 39.9 16 41.0 7.0 28.2 50.6 36.7 39.5 47.8 1500 16 29.8 6.6 26.0 23.9 26.0 28.4 33.3 16 31.7 6.2 17.6 41.6 29.4 30.4 37.7 1 6 1

10. Listing of Pedotransfer Functions of Water Retention Characteristic

Characteristic Retention of Water Functions Pedotransfer of Listing Table 31.1 Water retention pedotransfer functions - Horizon A

Soil Equation Parameter M RMSR R2 K MD RMSD All duplex soils in SIR b1= 1.258 − (θ θ ) b2= - 0.0726 θ (h) = θ + s r r (1− 1/N) []1+ ( α h)N r1= 0.00214 r2= - 0.0015

θs = b1 (1-BD/2.65) + b2 r3= 0.1 557 .043 0.78 63 0.000 0.032 a1= 0.1 θr =r1 c + r2 s + r3 a2= 0.80

α = a1 + a2 dg n1= 1.10

σ n2=0.0016 N = n1 + n2 g − Sandmount sand = + (θs θr ) S1= 0.00724 θ (h) θr − N (1 1/N) (This PTF could be used for other sandy []1+ ( α h) S2= - 0.454 soils of Group 1S which are expected to S3= 1.162 16 0.019 0.98 2 0.00 0.020 have similar shape of water retention θs = s1 c + s2 BD + s3 r1= 0.002 curve as Sandmount sand) r2= 0.00047 θr =r1 c + r2 s a1= - 0.724 α = a1 + a2 dg a2= 1.66 σ N = n1 + n2 g n1= 2.917

n2= - 0.461

Notations (see Chapter 4 for more details):

θ(h) is volumetric water content (cm3 cm-3) at suction h (cm) M is number of data points

θr and θs are residual and saturated water contents, respectively, (cm3 cm-3) RMSR is root mean squares of residuals α is a scaling parameter (>0, in cm-1) related to the inverse of the air entry suction R2 is coefficient of determination N (>1) is a curve shape parameter, a measure of the pore size distribution K is number of water retention curves c and s are clay and sand percentages in weight, respectively MD is mean deviation BD is bulk density in g cm-3 RMSD is root mean square deviation

dg is geometric mean diameter (mm)

σg is geometric standard deviation 163

164

Table 31.2 Water retention pedotransfer functions - Horizon B1

Point Estimation Equation Parameter M RMSR R2 K MD RMSD All duplex soil in SIR s1= 0.00058 − s2= - 0.322 = + (θs θr ) θ (h) θr − s3= 0.9575 []+ N (1 1/N) 1 ( α h) r1= 0.00109

θs = s1 c + s2 BD + s3 r2= - 0.003 506 0.038 0.82 58 0.00 0.028 r3= 0.230 θr =r1 c + r2 s + r3 a1= 0.096 α = a1 + a2 dg a2= 1.74 σ N = n1 + n2 g n1= 1.329 n2= - 0.0087 − Sandmount sand = + (θs θr ) s1= 0.011 θ (h) θr − N (1 1/N) s2= - 0.331 (This PTF could be used for other sandy []1+ ( α h) 16 0.014 0.99 2 0.00 0.017 s3= 0.938 soils of Group 1S which are expected to θs = s1 c + s2 BD + s3 r1= - 0.130 3 have similar shape of water retention θr =r1 c + r2 s + r3 r2= - 0.0045 curve as Sandmount sand) 3 α = a1 + a2 dg r = 0.651 σ a1= 1.691 N = n1 + n2 g a2= - 1.355 n1= 4.458 Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR the of Properties Soil Hydraulic n2= - 0.842

Notations (see Chapter 4 for more details):

θ(h) is volumetric water content (cm3 cm-3) at suction h (cm) M is number of data points

θr and θs are residual and saturated water contents, respectively, (cm3 cm-3) RMSR is root mean squares of residuals α is a scaling parameter (>0, in cm-1) related to the inverse of the air entry suction R2 is coefficient of determination N (>1) is a curve shape parameter, a measure of the pore size distribution K is number of water retention curves c and s are clay and sand percentages in weight, respectively MD is mean deviation BD is bulk density in g cm-3 RMSD is root mean square deviation

dg is geometric mean diameter (mm)

σg is geometric standard deviation

11. Selected Maps of Soil Hydraulic Properties

Selected Maps of Soil Hydraulic Properties 165

Figure 4.1 Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Horizon B1 - MV Irrigation Area

166 Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR

Figure 4.2 Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Horizon B1 - SCG Irrigation Area Selected Maps of Soil Hydraulic Properties 167

of Horizon B1 - RC Irrigation Area Figure 4.3 Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity

168 Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR

Figure 5.1 Final Infiltration Rate of MV Irrigation Area Selected Maps of Soil Hydraulic Properties 169

Rate of SCG Irrigation Area Figure 5.2 Final Infiltration

170 Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR

Rate of RC Irrigation Area Figure 5.3 Final Infiltration

12. Glossary

Glossary 171

Available water capacity (AWC) The portion of soil water that can be readily absorbed by plant roots of most crops from a soil initially at field capacity. It is the amount of water stored in the soil between field capacity and permanent wilting point.

Bulk density The mass of dry soil per unit bulk volume in undisturbed condition. The bulk volume is determined before drying to constant weight at 105ºC.

Clay A soil separate consisting of particles less than 2 µm in equivalent diameter.

Electrical conductivity (EC) The reciprocal of the electrical resistance measured in 1:5 soil water solution at a temperature of 25ºC. Used as an indicator for the estimation of salt concentration, measured in dS/m, at 25ºC.

Exchangeable cation A positively charged ion (e.g. Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, K+) held on or near the surface of a solid particle by a negative surface charge of a colloid and which may be replaced by other positively charged ions in the soil solution.

Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) It is the proportion of the cation exchange capacity occupied by the sodium ions and expressed as a percentage. A high ESP indicates a potential for the soil to be dispersive (sodic).

Field capacity The amount of water held in soil after excess water has drained away and the rate of downward movement has materially decreased, which usually takes place within 2 - 3 days after a rain or irrigation in pervious soils of uniform structure and texture. Water content at a soil water suction of 10 kPa is taken as approximation for field capacity.

Final infiltration rate (FIR) Rate at which water percolates into soil after infiltration has decreased to a low and nearly constant value.

Infiltration The downward entry of water through the soil surface into the soil.

172 Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR

Organic matter content Organic fraction of the soil, including plant and animal residues in various stages of decomposition, cells and tissues of soil organisms, and substances synthesized by the soil population. pH A measure of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution, expressed as the common logarithm of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion concentration in mol per litre.

Particle size distribution The relative proportion of clay, silt and sand smaller than 2 mm in diameter in a mass of soil. The USDA texture classification system was used to calculate particle size distribution.

Permanent wilting point Soil water content below which the leaves of a growing plant reach a stage of wilting from which they do not recover. Water content a soil water suction of 1500 kPa is taken as an approximation of permanent wilting point.

Refill point The soil water tension at which water should be supplied to the root zone to prevent stressing of plants. Water content at a soil water suction of 60 kPa is taken as an approximation of refill point.

Sand A soil separate consisting of particles between 50 and 200 µm in diameter (USDA soil texture classification system).

Saturated hydraulic conductivity The ability of soil to transmit water under a unit hydraulic gradient when it is saturated.

Saturation Water content of a soil when all the pores are filled with water.

Silt A soil separate consisting of particles between 2 and 50 µm in diameter (USDA soil texture classification system).

Soil horizon A layer of soil or soil material within the soil profile approximately parallel to the land surface and differing from adjacent layers in colour, structure and texture.

Glossary 173

Soil hydraulic properties Properties of soil profile that describe the storage and flow of water (e.g. hydraulic conductivity, soil water retention characteristics).

Soil water content The volume of water in a soil as fraction of the total soil volume. It is determined by the drying of a soil sample to a constant weight at a temperature of 105ºC. It is usually expressed as a percentage of the soil volume.

Soil water retention characteristic The relationship between soil water content and soil water potential. It can indicate ability of the soil to store water that will be available to growing plants, indicate the aeration status of a drained soil, and be interpreted in non-swelling soils as a measure of pore-size distribution.

Soil water suction/tension A measure of the tenacity with which water is retained in the soil. It is the force per unit area that must be exerted to remove water from the soil and is usually measured in kPa, or bars. It is a measure of the effort required by plant roots to extract water from the soil. The drier the soil, the greater the soil water suction.

174 Soil Hydraulic Properties of the SIR

13. References

References 175

Ankeny M.D., Ahmed M., Kaspar T.C., Horton R. (1991) Simple field method for determining unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, Soil Science Society of American Journal 55: 467-470.

Arya L. M., Paris, J.F. (1981) A physicoempirical model to predict soil moisture characteristics from particle-size distribution and bulk density data, Soil Science Society of America Journal 45:1023-1030.

Austin N.R., Prendergast J.B. (1997) Use of kinematic wave theory to model irrigation on cracking soil, Irrigation Science 18:1-10.

Budiman, M. (2002) Efficient Methods for Predicting Soil Hydraulic Properties, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, The University of Sydney: 117-156.

Butler B.E., Baldwin J.G., Penman F., Downes R.G. (1942) Soil Survey of Part of County Moira, Victoria, Bulletin No 152, CSIRO, Australia:1-48.

Campbell, G.S. (1985) Soil Physics with BASIC, Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Gee G.W., Bauder J.W. (1986), Particle-size Analysis, Methods of Soil Analysis Part 1 Physical and Mineralogical Methods Second Edition, Number 9 (Part 1) in series Agronomy, American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America Inc., Publisher Madison, Wisconsin USA, 383-412.

Johnston E.J. (1952) The Soils of the Western Part of the Murray Valley Irrigation Area and their Classification for Irrigation, Soils and Land Use Series No.4, Division of Soils, CSIRO, Australia 1-23.

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