Typical Criminal Procedures in a Felony Case Upon Indictment

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

TYPICAL CRIMINAL PROCEDURES IN A FELONY CASE UPON INDICTMENT Arrest & Indicment • When the United States charges a defendant in a criminal complaint, it has thirty days from the date of the defendant's arrest to obtain an Indictment. 18 U.S.C. § 3161(b). A United States District Judge may extend the time period to obtain an Indictment under certain circumstances. • Upon the filing of an Indictment charging a felony, a United States District Judge is randomly assigned to preside over the criminal prosecution. Arraignment • After indictment, in most sessions, the defendant appears before a United States Magistrate Judge for an arraignment, at which the Magistrate Judge ensures the defendant has a copy of the Indictment, reads the Indictment to the defendant or states to him the substance of the charges, and then asks the defendant to enter a plea to the Indictment. Fed. R. Crim. P. 10(a). • After the arraignment, in most sessions, the Magistrate Judge handles matters regarding discovery. Detention Hearing • At either the initial appearance or the arraignment, the United States may request that the Court detain a defendant pending trial. If the United States makes such a request, the Magistrate Judge will preside over a detention hearing and either release or detain the defendant. The government and the defendant each may appeal the Magistrate Judge's decision to a United States District Judge. The defendant may consent to detention. Pretrial • The District Judge decides all substantive motions, for example, motions to suppress evidence or dismiss the indictment. Trial or Plea • The District Judge presides over the plea colloquy or trial and, in the case of a conviction, imposes the sentence..

Copy Link

Recommended publications

COVID-19 Is No Excuse for Suspicionless Searches of Electronic Devices at the Border by Blaine H
COVID-19 Is No Excuse for Suspicionless Searches of Electronic Devices at the Border By Blaine H. Evanson, Daniel R. Adler, and William F. Cole June 19, 2020 The coronavirus is not in your phone. Why travelers’ electronic devices without a warrant should it be used to justify border searches? supported by probable cause, or even without reasonablesuspicion that the traveler has been For the last four years, the U.S. border has exposed to COVID-19 or has violated related been a flashpoint for bitter public policy public health measures. disputes over immigration, the character of the country’s sovereignty, and the nature Such a breathtaking claim of unbounded and extent of constitutionally guaranteed investigatory authority would hardly be civil liberties. Many of these border- unprecedented for CBP. To the contrary, related disputes have receded from public it would be of a piece with CBP’s policy of consciousness as a result of 2020’s trifecta conducting suspicionless searches of electronic Blaine H. Evanson Partner of a presidential impeachment, a global devices—CBP already conducts tens of health pandemic, and racial tension over thousands of such searches every year. And policing. Yet as the country begins to emerge CBP would not be the only law enforcement from COVID-19 lockdowns, America’s agency to sift through digital data in an effort international borders are likely to resurface to trace the spread of COVID-19. State and as a key battleground for civil libertarians local law enforcement authorities have been and law enforcement officials. The cause? trawling through social media posts to arrest The “border search exception,” a little- travelers for violations of social distancing known loophole to the Fourth Amendment’s orders.
[Show full text]
1 in the UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT for the DISTRICT of MARYLAND MICHAEL DENNIS : : : V. : Criminal No. CCB-10-715 : (Civil
Case 1:10-cr-00715-CCB Document 99 Filed 05/05/17 Page 1 of 19 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF MARYLAND MICHAEL DENNIS : : : v. : Criminal No. CCB-10-715 : (Civil No. CCB-13-301) : UNITED STATES OF AMERICA : : MEMORANDUM Michael Dennis is serving a 264-month sentence in the custody of the United States Bureau of Prisons after pleading guilty to conspiracy to possess with the intent to distribute cocaine base and heroin, possession of a firearm by a convicted felon, and possession of a firearm in furtherance of a drug trafficking crime. He now attacks that sentence via a motion brought under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, (ECF No. 70), arguing that his lawyer was constitutionally ineffective. In a separate motion, Dennis asks the court to equitably toll the statute of limitations. (ECF No. 73.) Dennis also asserts, via a motion for leave to supplement and request for appointment of counsel filed in 2013, (ECF No. 84), that his sentence is unlawful in light of Descamps v. United States, 133 S. Ct. 2276 (2013), and Alleyne v. United States, 133 S. Ct. 2151 (2013). Finally, in briefing authorized by the court in 2015, Dennis argues that the court may grant relief despite the Fourth Circuit’s decisions in Whiteside v. United States, 775 F.3d 180 (4th Cir. 2014) (en banc), cert. denied, 135 S. Ct. 2890 (2015), and United States v. Foote, 784 F.3d 931 (4th Cir. 2015), cert. denied, 135 S. Ct. 2850 (2015). (ECF No. 95.) No hearing is necessary to the resolution of Dennis’s motions.
[Show full text]
GUIDE for ARREST, JAIL TIME/DETENTION, TRIAL/HEARING, and SENTENCING STAGES (Guide 1 of 3)
Guide for Families Experiencing the Criminal Justice System GUIDE FOR ARREST, JAIL TIME/DETENTION, TRIAL/HEARING, AND SENTENCING STAGES (Guide 1 of 3) HTTP://WWW.YOUTH.GOV/COIP Families have unique needs and challenges when a parent is arrested. When this happens, family FAMILIES WILL TALK TO MANY members—including the children—are affected. PEOPLE DURING THESE FOUR This guide is the first in a series of three guides STAGES: that cover a family’s journey as the family goes through the stages of, and copes with, a loved • Lawyer or public defender one’s involvement in the justice system. • Judge and court personnel This guide covers the first four stages in the • Probation officer typical criminal justice process, and the other • Law enforcement two guides cover incarceration and reentry: • Jail or detention facility staff • Arrest (entry into the system) • Jail or detention case worker • Jail Time/Detention (prosecution • Child welfare (in some cases) and pretrial services) • Hearing/Trial (adjudication) Families can use the worksheet on the last page of this guide to keep track of • Sentencing (before incarceration) important names, phone numbers, and • Incarceration (Guide 2) e-mail addresses. • Reentry (Guide 3) This guide starts with descriptions and definitions guide. The questions are designed to help of the stages to help families understand the families and caregivers anticipate and respond to legal terms and processes. Having a better thoughts and concerns their children may have. understanding may help families feel less The tips offer suggestions to help caregivers overwhelmed. It may also help families know support and care for the children of parents who what to expect and what will happen next.
[Show full text]
Factsheet: Pre-Trial Detention
Detention Monitoring Tool Factsheet Pre-trial detention Addressing risk factors to prevent torture and ill-treatment ‘Long periods of pre-trial custody contribute to overcrowding in prisons, exacerbating the existing problems as regards conditions and relations between the detainees and staff; they also add to the burden on the courts. From the standpoint of preventing ill-treatment, this raises serious concerns for a system already showing signs of stress.’ (UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture)1 1. Definition and context 2. What are the main standards? Remand prisoners are detained during criminal Because of its severe and often irreversible negative investigations and pending trial. Pre-trial detention is effects, international law requires that pre-trial not a sanction, but a measure to safeguard a criminal detention should be the exception rather than the procedure. rule. At any one time, an estimated 3.2 million people are Pre-trial detention is only legitimate where there is a behind bars awaiting trial, accounting for 30 per cent reasonable suspicion of the person having committed of the total prison population worldwide. They are the offence, and where detention is necessary and legally presumed innocent until proven guilty but may proportionate to prevent them from absconding, be held in conditions that are worse than those for committing another offence, or interfering with the convicted prisoners and sometimes for years on end. course of justice during pending procedures. This means that pre-trial detention is not legitimate where Pre-trial detention undermines the chance of a fair these objectives can be achieved through other, less trial and the presumption of innocence.
[Show full text]
Hunters and the Hunted: Rights and Liabilities of Bailbondsmen Michael Goldstein
Fordham Urban Law Journal Volume 6 | Number 2 Article 6 1978 Hunters and the Hunted: Rights and Liabilities of Bailbondsmen Michael Goldstein Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ulj Part of the Accounting Law Commons Recommended Citation Michael Goldstein, Hunters and the Hunted: Rights and Liabilities of Bailbondsmen, 6 Fordham Urb. L.J. 333 (1978). Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ulj/vol6/iss2/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by FLASH: The orF dham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fordham Urban Law Journal by an authorized editor of FLASH: The orF dham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE HUNTERS AND THE HUNTED: RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES OF BAILBONDSMEN I. Introduction For over 150 years bailbondsmen have had the right to arrest their principals' whenever and wherever they chose, and to recommit them to government custody in order to avoid forfeiture of their bond.2 This right was upheld when a bailbondsman forcibly entered his principal's home in the middle of the night,3 when the bondsman pursued his principal beyond state lines4 and even when the bonds- man used physical force in the act of apprehension.5 This Note will examine the development of this extrajudicial power to make arrests, the manner in which it is handled in the 1. Read v. Case, 4 Conn. 166 (1822); Nicolls v. Ingersoll, 7 Johns. (N.Y.) 145 (1810). 2. In this area of the law, the principal is the party who has been arrested and is seeking release from prison pending his scheduled court appearance.
[Show full text]
Bail Bond Division
OMCCA Bail Bonds Oklahoma Insurance Department May 17, 2016 1 Bail Bondsman License Requirements • At least Twenty-One (21) years of age • US Citizen • High School diploma or equivalent • Good character and reputation • No felony or certain misdemeanor convictions 2 Bail Bondsman Education Requirements • Pre-Licensing Education – 16 hours • Continuing Education – 8 hours annually • The Oklahoma Bondsman Association provides the PLE and CE 3 Lines of Authority (LoA) • 578 licensed bail bondsmen • Cash (83) • Professional (60) • Property Bail (2) • Surety Bail (549) • Multi-County Agent (25) As of 04-05-2016 4 Reporting Requirements • Bail bondsmen are required to electronically submit a report each month • Reports include appearance bonds written and discharged for reporting month • Bail bondsmen pay a reviewal fee to Department which is $2.00 per every $1,000 in appearance bonds written 5 2015 • Professional & MCA bail bondsmen appearance bonds written = $365,209,998.92 • Insurance companies appearance bonds written = $152,949,604.70 • Cash appearance bonds written = $1,088,721.74 • Property appearance bonds written = $120,000.00 6 Bail Bond Division Staff - • Communicate with bail bondsmen, court clerks, sheriffs, judges, and the public providing assistance and education concerning bail bonds • Review approximately 630 reports each month for accuracy • Review Court Clerk reports to ensure bail bondsmen report all appearance bonds 7 Bail Bond Division Staff - • Review and process approximately 65 new licenses each year and 369 license renewals in 2015 (biennially per birth month) • Recommend statute and rule changes to Department’s legislative staff • Testify at administrative hearings • Investigate complaints against bail bondsmen 8 Types of Complaints • BBF – Notice of Non Payment of Bond Forfeitures received from Court Clerks • BBI – Complaints from Consumers, Court Clerks, Sheriffs, & bail bondsmen • BBD – Bail Bond Division referrals to Legal Division 9 Complaints & Disciplinary Actions • Non Payment of Forfeiture notice (BBF).
[Show full text]
Pre-Trial Detention Addressing Risk Factors to Prevent Torture and Ill-Treatment
Detention Monitoring Tool Second edition FACTSHEET Pre-trial detention Addressing risk factors to prevent torture and ill-treatment ‘Long periods of pre-trial custody contribute to overcrowding in prisons, exacerbating the existing problems as regards conditions and relations between the detainees and staff; they also add to the burden on the courts. From the standpoint of preventing ill-treatment, this raises serious concerns for a system already showing signs of stress.’ (UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture)1 1. Definition and context 2. What are the main standards? Remand prisoners are detained during criminal Because of its severe and often irreversible negative investigations and pending trial. Pre-trial detention is effects, international law requires that pre-trial detention not a sanction, but a measure to safeguard a criminal should be the exception rather than the rule. procedure. Pre-trial detention is only legitimate where there is a At any one time, an estimated 3.2 million people are reasonable suspicion of the person having committed behind bars awaiting trial, accounting for 30 per cent of the offence, and where detention is necessary and the total prison population worldwide. In some countries, proportionate to prevent them from absconding, pre-trial detainees reportedly constitute the majority of committing another offence, or interfering with the course the prison population, and in some settings even over of justice during pending procedures. This means that 90 per cent of detainees.2 They are legally presumed pre-trial detention is not legitimate where these objectives innocent until proven guilty but may be held in conditions can be achieved through other, less intrusive measures.
[Show full text]
Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Armenia
(not official copy) CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA GENERAL PART Section One : GENERAL PROVISIONS CHAPTER 1. LEGISLATION ON CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Article 1. Legislation Governing Criminal Proceedings Article 2. Objectives of the Criminal-Procedure Legislation Article 3. Territory of Effect of the Criminal-procedure Law Article 4. Effect of the Criminal-Procedure Law in the Course of Time Article 5. Peculiarities in the Effect of the Criminal-Procedure Law Article 6. Definitions of the Basic Notions Used in the Criminal-procedure Code CHAPTER 2. PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS Article 7. Legitimacy Article 8. Equality of All Before the Law Article 9. Respect for the Rights, Freedoms and Dignity of an Individual Article 10. Ensuring the Right to Legal Assistance Article 11. Immunity of Person Article 12. Immunity of Residence Article 13. Security of Property Article 14. Confidentiality of Correspondence, Telephone Conversations, Mail, Telegraph and Other Communications Article 15. Language of Criminal Proceedings Article 16. Public Trial Article 17. Fair Trial Article 18. Presumption of Innocence Article 19. The Right to Defense of the Suspect and the Accused and Guarantees for this Right Article 20. Privilege Against Self-Incrimination (not official copy) Article 21. Inadmissibility of Repeated Conviction and Criminal Prosecution for the Same Crime Article 22. Rehabilitation of the Rights of the Persons who suffered from Judicial Mistakes Article 23. Adversarial System of Criminal Proceedings Article 24. Administration of Justice Exclusively by the Court Article 25. Independent Assessment of Evidence CHAPTER 3. CONDUCT OF CRIMINAL CASE Article 26. Conduct of Criminal Case Article 27. The Obligation to institute a criminal case and resolution of the crime Article 28.
[Show full text]
Constitutional Law - Confessions - Evidence Obtained Pursuant to an Illegal Arrest Is Inadmissable at Trial - Taylor V
UCLA National Black Law Journal Title Constitutional Law - Confessions - Evidence Obtained Pursuant to an Illegal Arrest is Inadmissable at Trial - Taylor v. Alabama Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1q11z9h8 Journal National Black Law Journal, 8(2) ISSN 0896-0194 Author Palmer, Debra D. Publication Date 1983 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California CONSTITUTIONAL LAW-CONFESSIONS- EVIDENCE OBTAINED PURSUANT TO AN ILLEGAL ARREST IS INADMISSIBLE AT TRIAL Taylor v. Alabama' I. INTRODUCTION The fourth amendment2 commands that every individual is protected against unreasonable searches and seizures and that this right shall not be violated. The amendment also provides that no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause. This note will examine the history, development, and current status of the fourth amendment exclusionary rule. Emphasis will be placed on Taylor v. Alabama,3 which is consistent with the Supreme Court's prior decisions.' The United States Supreme Court announced, through the opinion of Justice Marshall, that evidence obtained pursuant to an illegal arrest is inad- missible at trial. The controversy in Taylor was whether petitioner's confes- sion,5 which was obtained after a warrantless arrest6 based on less than probable cause,' should have been excluded from evidence as "fruit of the illegal arrest." Prior to petitioner's arrest there had been a number of robberies in the area and the police had initiated an intensive manhunt in an effort to appre- hend the robbers. An individual, who was at the time incarcerated, told an officer that he had heard that petitioner was involved in the robbery.
[Show full text]
B-103 – Criminal Process/Arrest Procedures 1 of 6
DOUGLAS COUNTY SHERIFF’S OFFICE Policy and Procedure Specific Policies P&P-B-103 Criminal Process/Arrest Procedures Effective Date: 11-10-16 Approval: Sheriff Number of Pages: 6 Supersedes: 01-15-13 References: Reevaluation Date: Standards: CALEA LE 1.1.4, LE 1.2.1, 16-3-101 to 16-3-110 C.R.S. Annually or as needed LE 1.2.5, LE 1.2.6, LE 1.2.7, LE 61.1.2, LE 74.3.1-2 I. POLICY It is the policy of this Office that members should make all arrests quietly, without attracting unnecessary attention or subjecting any prisoner to needless exposure, humiliation or severity. Every arrest shall be made in accordance with the law of the State of Colorado and in strict compliance with all applicable laws and the Constitution of the United States. <LE 1.2.1>, <LE 1.2.5>, <LE 1.2.6>, <LE 61.1.2>, <LE 74.3.2> II. CRIMINAL PROCESS PROCEDURE <LE 74.3.1> A. For the purposes of this order, an arrest is the taking of a person into custody, as authorized by law. Commissioned personnel, as peace officers, may make an arrest with or without a warrant. An arrest warrant is a court issued document authorizing the arrest of an individual for a specified criminal charge based upon sufficient probable cause. <LE 1.2.6><LE 74.3.1><LE 74.3.2>. B. The person making the arrest must inform the person to be arrested of the intention to arrest him or her, of the cause of the arrest, and the authority to make the arrest, except when the member making the arrest has reasonable cause to believe that the person to be arrested is actually engaged in the commission of or the attempt to commit an offense, or the person to be arrested is pursued immediately after its completion, or after an escape.
[Show full text]
Chapter 629 Extradition, Detainers, Arrest, Bail
MINNESOTA STATUTES 1980 8883 EXTRADITION, DETAINERS, ARREST, BAIL 629.02 CHAPTER 629 EXTRADITION, DETAINERS, ARREST, BAIL EXTRADITION 629.362 Escaped prisoner recaptured. 629.01 Definitions. 629.363 Conductor; authority to arrest. 629.02 Duties of governor in extradition matters. 629.364 Arrests. 629.03 Demand in writing. 629.365 Definitions. 629.04 Attorney general to investigate. 629.366 Theft in business establishments; 629.05 Extradition by agreement. detention of suspects. 629.06 Extradition of persons committing crime. 629.37 Arrest by private person. 629.07 Warrant of arrest. 629.38 Disclosure of cause; means used. 629.08 Accused turned over to demanding state. 629.39 Private person making arrest, 629.09 Powers of officer. proceedings. 629.10 Accused taken before court. 629.40 Arrests, anywhere in state. 629.11 Violation a gross misdemeanor. 629.401 Delaying to take prisoner before 629.12 Accused may be confined in jail. magistrate. 629.13 Who may be apprehended. 629.402 Arrest without authority. 629.14 Arrest without warrant. 629.403 Refusing to make arrest or to aid officer. 629.15 Court may commit to jail. 629.404 Counties or municipalities causing arrest. 629.16 Admit to bail. WARRANTS; BAIL BONDS 629.17 Discharge. 629.41 Process, issuance. 629.18 Bond forfeited. 629.44 Recognizance by offender, duty of 629.19 Prisoner held or surrendered. magistrate. 629.20 Guilt or innocence not inquired into. 629.45 Bail refused; proceedings. 629.21 Recall of warrant. 629.47 Hearing or trial adjourned; recognizance. 629.22 Warrant for parolees or probationers. 629.48 Proceedings on failure to appear.
[Show full text]
J-A11010-19 2019 PA Super 296 COMMONWEALTH OF
J-A11010-19 2019 PA Super 296 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : BRIAN F. HUNT : : Appellant : No. 911 MDA 2018 Appeal from the Order Entered May 4, 2018 In the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-22-CR-0004356-2016 BEFORE: BOWES, J., OLSON, J., and STABILE, J. OPINION BY BOWES, J.: FILED OCTOBER 01, 2019 Brian F. Hunt appeals from the May 4, 2018 order denying his request for the modification of restitution imposed pursuant to 18 Pa.C.S. § 1106. After careful review, we reverse and remand for resentencing. The order of restitution at issue in this case stems from Appellant’s guilty pleas to two felonies in connection with his misappropriation of funds from his former employer, Bass Pallets LLC (“Bass Pallets”), a Pennsylvania limited liability company that purchases and repurposes used pallets. While employed by Bass Pallets, Appellant had the authority to write checks on behalf of the company, and used that authority to initiate a series of sham transactions by writing checks from Bass Pallets to two unindicted co-conspirators, Jeff Stickle and Johanna Rodriguez-Cruz, in exchange for illusory sales of pallets. The co- conspirators then cashed these fraudulent instruments and split the resulting proceeds with Appellant. On July 27, 2016, Appellant was charged by criminal J-A11010-19 complaint with theft by unlawful taking, 18 Pa.C.S. § 3921(a), and forgery, 18 Pa.C.S. 4101(a)(2), following surveillance and investigation conducted by the Pennsylvania State Police. See Trial Court Opinion, 10/17/18, at 1-3.
[Show full text]