Treasure of Shabbat: an Illuminated Guide to the Shabbat Table Experience

Treasure of Shabbat: An Illuminated Guide to the Shabbat Table Experience

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1. The sampler is unchanged from its original electronic form, with no changes whatsoever. This includes that this cover page may not be stripped from the sampler. 2. No money is charged for the sampler. 3. No ownership of the sampler is claimed. Ownership remains with the copyright owner. TREASURE OF SHABBAT An Illuminated Guide to the Shabbat Table Experience

Finding Meaning and Inspiration through Shabbat Celebration at Home

Jonathan G. Bressel

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright TREASURE OF SHABBAT An Illuminated Guide to the Shabbat Table Experience Finding Meaning and Inspiration through Shabbat Celebration at Home Copyright © 2016 Jonathan G. Bressel. All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book, including, but not limited to, design, layout, photographs, text, commentary, & instruction, may be stored, reproduced, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the express written permission of the copyright owner. This includes educational and personal use. Critics, however, are welcome to quote brief passages by way of criticism and review. Some of the typefaces, photographs, illustrations, and text in this book are copy- righted material of third parties and are used with permission. Attribution can be found on the photo credits, colophon, and notes pages. All brands, names, and trademarks are property of their respective owners.

ISBN 978-0-9984927-1-1

Jewish Living Press www.jewishlivingpress.com [email protected] Jerusalem

Printed in Jerusalem.

Plates and printing by Offset Natan Shlomo.

Hirsch Siddur & Hirsch Psalms2017 are Jonathanpublished byG. Feldheim Bressel Publishers,- All rights Nanuet,reserved NY. Sabbath: Day of Eternity is used with permission of Orthodox Union. Artscroll/Mesorah publications are typically copyright Artscroll/Mesorah Publica- tions Ltd. Quotations from Rabbi Avigdor Miller’s works are used with the kind permission of the family of Rabbi Avigdor Miller. Copyright The Estate of Rabbi Avigdor Miller. The complete works of Rabbi Avigdor Miller are available from the distributor Israel Book Shop at www.israelbookshoppublications.com.

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright table of contents

foreword vi preface vii acknowledgments viii how to use this book x sample shabbat schedule xiii list of needed items xv introduction xvi

FRIDAY AFTERNOON 1 candle lighting 3

FRIDAY NIGHT 11 shabbat angels 13 woman of valor 17 blessing the children 25 kiddush 29 washing the hands 43 blessing on bread 47 the meal 55 songs 61 rest and happiness 63 how cherished is your rest 69 the creator from whose bounty we have eaten 77 creator, master of the world 83 a day for israel 89 blessing after the meal 95

SATURDAY MORNING 97 kiddush 99 2017 Jonathan G. Bressel - All rights reserved washing the hands & blessing on bread 111 the meal 113 songs 117 the source of all blessing 119 this day is honored 127 if i will guard shabbat 133 a day of rest 139 will call freedom 145 blessing after the meal 149

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright SATURDAY AFTERNOON 151 washing the hands & blessing on bread 153 the meal 155 songs 159 prepare the meal 161 a song of david 165 the spirit’s beloved one 167 blessing after the meal 171

SATURDAY NIGHT 173 havdallah 175

BLESSING AFTER THE MEAL 189 introduction 191 a song of ascents 193 washing the hands 197 blessing after the meal 201 addition for festivals 243 addition for chanukah 249 addition for purim 255 invitation after a wedding meal 259 seven blessings after a wedding meal 265 song for a circumcision meal 277 invitation after a circumcision meal 285 addition for a circumcision meal 291

FOOD BLESSINGS 301 introduction 303 2017 Jonathan G. Bressel - All rights reserved blessings before food 305 blessing on grain products 307 blessing on grape wine or grape juice 309 blessing on fruit 311 blessing on vegetables 313 blessing on everything else 315 blessings after food 317 special foods blessing 318 regular foods blessing 326

pronunciation guide 329 glossary 330 photo credits 332 colophon 337 notes 338 index 398

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright foreword

‰Ó˘ ˙·˘Â ÈÊ‚ ˙È·· ÈÏ ˘È ‰·ÂË ‰˙Ó ‰˘Ó ‰˘ÓÏ ‡Â‰ ÍÂ¯· ˘Â„˜‰ ÂÏ ¯Ó‡ ‘ÂÎÂ ‡È˙ ÆÌ˙Â‡ ÚÈ„Â‰Â ÍÏ Ï‡¯˘ÈÏ ‰˙ÈÏ ˘˜·Ó È‡Â

Chazal told us that when Moshe Rabbeinu received the Torah on Mount Sinai Hashem told him, “I have a wonderful present in my store house to give and it is called Shabbat. I wish to give it to the Jewish People. Go and inform them of this gift.” The Shabbat experience has uplifted the lives of the Jewish People and has been the single most defining event in the Jew’s life. Unfortunately, the pressures of modern life have eliminated the Shabbat from the lives of many Jews or have pushed the Shabbat into a peripheral part of their lives. Rabbi Jonathan Bressel has produced a wonderful work, Treasure of Shabbat: An Il- luminated Guide to the Shabbat Table Experience. In this book, he gives a detailed step by step guide how to experience Shabbat and fulfill all of its mandates. This provides the novice with all the information needed to enjoy and experience the beauty of Shab- bat. It is a wonderful tool for people involved in education to explain and guide a new- comer to Shabbat. This book is highly recommended to all who want to learn or teach about the fun- damentals of the Shabbat experience. It will become an indispensable tool to all who are involved in education.

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright preface

In 1995, Rabbi Leib Kelemen and his wife, Chana, arranged for a group of English speaking residents of Har Nof, Jerusalem to be Shabbat hosts for a few dozen students visit- ing Israel on a short trip from the United States. My wife, Deana, and I were fortunate to host students for that inspiring Shabbat, which included meals and lodging with families and ice cream parties with speakers. Upon Rabbi Kelemen’s suggestion, my wife and I later took over the project, which hosted hundreds of such students over the next few years. As we and our friends hosted the students, most of them having little or no experience with formal Jewish practice, we soon became aware of a missing tool. A guest wants to understand what is happening. When that guest has minimal knowledge of Hebrew, blessings, and Shabbat, keeping the guest informed and educated can be challenging. We needed something written, something that we could place next to each guest, a guide that would explain the often bewildering set of behaviors seen at the Shabbat table. Discussing this with my father, Dr. Charles Bressel, I learned from him the key requirement: such a guide has to be step-by-step, like basic computer guides for the un- initiated. I searched the book market and I found a few possibilities, but none of them matched what I saw in my mind’s eye. Being young and idealistic, I undertook writing such a guide to the Shabbat Table in my spare time, expecting it to take about three months to complete. As I began, I became increasingly aware of how little I knew about the Shabbat Table itself and about book publishing in general. The more I researched, the more research I realized I needed to do, with no end in sight. Those original three months turned into nearly twenty years. There were times when it was full time, times when it was part time, and times when it was dormant, but I never let it go entirely. 2017 Jonathan G. Bressel - All rights reserved Finally, it is as complete as I am willing to make it. I can no longer hold back this material. I humbly ask the reader for comments and corrections.

Jonathan G. Bressel Jerusalem 2016

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright acknowledgments

Many people contributed profoundly to this work, for which help I am grateful. Acknowledgment order is mostly alphabetical. Determination of title between Rabbi and Mr. is clear at the extremes and cloudy in the middle. I beg for forgiveness. Rabbi Yirmiyahu Abramov, Rabbi Yitzchak Adlerstein, Rabbi Yitzchok Breitowitz, Mr. Benjamin Bressel, Dr. and Mrs. Charles & Cecily Bressel, Mrs. Deana Bressel, Dr. Ellen Bressel, Rabbi Yirmiyahu Cowan, Rabbi Avraham Edelstein, Mr. and Mrs. Andrew & Rachel Eisen, Rabbi Raanan Elozory, Rabbi Aharon Feldman, Rabbi Beryl Gershenfeld, Dr. and Mrs. Nosson & Libby Goldfarb, Mr. Yoel Harris, Rabbi and Mrs. Dovid & Elana Horwitz, Rabbi Shmuel Kamenetsky, Mr. Bennet Kaplan, Rabbi Shaya Karlinsky, Rabbi Yosef Kaufman, Rabbi and Mrs. Leib & Chana Kelemen, Rabbi Doron Kornbluth, Rabbi and Mrs. Shraga & Megan Levi, Rabbi Moshe Meiselman, Mrs. Batsheva Milgram, Rabbi Dovid Orlofsky, Mrs. Aviva Rappaport, Ms. Jacklyn Ryrie, Mrs. Susan Shahrooz, Mr. Michael Shavelson, Rabbi Yitzchak Shurin, and Rabbi Lawrence Wolff critiqued the manuscript. Rabbi Yirmiyahu Abramov, Rabbi Yitzchak Adlerstein, Rabbi Shmuel Blitz, Rabbi Raphael Butler, Rabbi Baruch Chait, Mr. Neil Cooper, Mr. Mendy Feldheim, Mr. Yaakov Feldheim, Rabbi Aharon Feldman, Mr. Moshe Heller, Rabbi Yisrael Isser Zvi Herczeg, Mr. Jeremy Hill, Rabbi Yosef Kamenetsky, Rabbi Dovid Kaplan, Rabbi Yosef Kaufman, Rabbi Leib Kelemen, Rabbi Doron Kornbluth, Rabbi Moshe Meiselman, Rabbi Yosef Milstein, Rabbi Moshe Newman, Mr. Yaakov Peterseil, Mrs. Aviva Rappaport, Rabbi Yisroel Rokowsky, Mr. Tuvia Rothenberg, Rabbi Yona Segal, Mrs. Susan Shahrooz, Rabbi and Mrs. Shai & Tova Sherer, Rabbi Nosson Sherman, Rabbi Moshe Shuchman, Rabbi Yitzchak Shurin, Rabbi Tzvi Teichman, Rabbi Berel Wein, and Rabbi Meir Zlotowitz advised on publishing. Mrs. Sharon Abeles, Mr. Menachem Deutch, Mr. Andrew Eisen, Mrs. Susan Eisen, Mr. Menashe Moshe Elkin, Mr. Ben Gasner, Mrs. Renee Halevy, Ms. Netta Hilleli, Mrs. Chana Hartman, Mrs. Sarah Tikvah Kornbluth, Mrs. Tsiril Milstein, Mr. Roni Natan, Mr. and Mrs. Jack & Joy Siegel, Mr. Michael Silverstein, and Mrs. Devorah Weiner advised on design and production. Mr. Moshe Ben Zeev (print proofs), Mr. Shmuel Frank (print troubleshooting), Mr. Yechiel Kahan-Frankel (computer2017 setup), Jonathan Mr. Jeff G. Milgram Bressel (electronic - All rights Hebrew reserved text), and Mr. Dovid Rosen (Hebrew text troubleshooting) provided technical support. Rabbi Pesach Allen, Mrs. Joyce Bennett, Rabbi Beryl Gershenfeld, Ms. Angela Koenigsberg, Rabbi Yitzchak Shurin, Mr. and Mrs. David & Susan Suna, and Rabbi Shimon Weiner lent books. Rabbi Yitzchak Adlerstein, Mrs. Deana Bressel, and Rabbi Beryl Gershenfeld provided novella. Rabbi Yitzchak Adlerstein, Rabbi Elchohon Fishman, Rabbi Beryl Gershenfeld, and Rabbi Gershon Kitsis pointed to literary resources. Rabbi Yirmiyahu Abramov, Rabbi Baruch Chait, Mr. Andrew Eisen, Rabbi Simon Posner, Mrs. Sharon Rich, and Rabbi Zeev Rosen introduced contacts. Rabbi Aharon Feldman and Rabbi Beryl Gershenfeld advised on approbations. Rabbi Yirmiyahu Cowan made the marvelous suggestion of including stories. He also led to Rabbi Shmuel Kurtz who helped with the title. My sister, Rachel Eisen, widened the horizon by suggesting using not only Shabbat iconography, but also pictures of the grandeur of nature.

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright Rabbi Doron Kornbluth was my publishing confidant from the start. He advised on many aspects of the project, sharing the highs and the lows of the lot of the aspiring author. He gave a particularly thorough and scathing manuscript critique, a list of comments that I spent weeks trying to accommodate. Doron’s wife, Sarah Tikvah, advised on design, and introduced me to her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Jack & Joy Siegel, both graphic design professionals, who shared freely of their design wisdom. They patiently and gently knocked down my amateurish, fledgling designs, forcing me to seek a proper education in design. My brother-in-law, Dr. Nosson Goldfarb, provided photographs he took of his beautiful home. Mr. Laib Kaplan spent an afternoon with me, photographing a circumcision chair. Mr. Moshe Lewin photographed tefillin with me. Ms. Jacklyn Ryrie provided photographs she took of challah baked in her Scottish kitchen. Mr. Tom Steinberg and Mr. Pinchas Wagner donated financially at the beginning. Beis Yechiel, Bnei Torah, Bnei Yeshivos (Telestone), Chabad Jerusalem, Givas Pinchas, Hahar Hatov (Rabbi Gershon Kitsis), Hebrewbooks.org, Imrei Shefer, Jewish National Library, Magen Avot Library (Mrs. Esther Hoffman), Ohr Hatsafun, Otzar Hasefarim, Tefilas Chana (Rabbi Tzvi Vindish), Yechave Daat, and Yeshivas Toras Moshe provided use of their scholarly collections. My Rosh Yeshiva, Rabbi Moshe Meiselman, critiqued manuscripts, advised on publishing, and answered the questions of Jewish law that surround such a project. In addition, he graced the book by writing its foreword. My siblings and brothers and sisters-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. Andrew & Rachel Eisen, Dr. and Mrs. Nosson & Libby Goldfarb, Mr. and Mrs. Daniel & Tanya Bressel, Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin & Alana Bressel, Mr. Raphael Bressel, Mr. and Mrs. Lee & Bonnie Hirsch, and Mr. and Mrs. Dovid & Erika Coplon encouraged me through the project. My parents, Dr. Charles Bressel and Dr. Ellen Bressel, and my wife’s parents, Dr. and Mrs. Norman & Sandra Coplon, supported me in every way. My dear wife, Deana, was my partner in every way. She kindly allowed me time for the book. Many times she broke my2017 writer’s Jonathan block by G. penning Bressel rough - All drafts rights in reserved minutes. At other times, she solved intractable layout problems by suggesting something entirely different. She also provided a few of her own novella. The project’s success is hers. Our children, Chaim Zalman (& Hinda Kaplan), Esther Yosefa (& Yeshaya Subar), Devorah Bracha, Yaakov Meir, Chana Tzipporah, Shmuel Avraham, Tzvi David, and Asher Shimshon encouraged me. Most of them never saw the start of the project. They were literally born into it. Their most common questions have been, “Are you going to make that into a real book?”, “Will it be in a real store?”, and “When will it be ready?” The Holy One, The Source of all Blessing, brought me to this day and gave me every skill and impetus to undertake and complete this project. May it be Heaven’s Will that this book bring people closer to God, and may God grant my family and me the strength, health, wealth, and wisdom to complete many more such works.

Jonathan G. Bressel Jerusalem 2016

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright how to use this book

Our dining table is where we joyously spend much of our time on Shabbat. We call it the Shabbat Table. This book shows you how to bring this joy into your own home. It covers the ceremonial part of the Shabbat experience that surrounds the Shabbat Table. It does not address communal prayer in the synagogue, nor does it deal with Jewish law concerning general Shabbat observance. The introduction explains the general concept of Shabbat and the idea of blessings. The sample shabbat schedule details the flow of the Shabbat experience, including the ceremonies in this book. The list of needed items enumerates the entire inventory of accessories needed for the collection of ceremonies in the book. The book’s five major sections move chronologically: friday afternoon, friday night, saturday morning, saturday afternoon, and saturday night. Further sections cover blessings before and after food, including additions for special events, such as weddings. Sections contain chapters, each of which tells the story of a particular ceremony. A cover page introduces each ceremony with a description of the what, why, when, where, and with of the ceremony. With lists the items that the ceremony needs. Most chapters contain a set of directions for the how of the ceremony. To perform the ceremony, follow the numbered steps. Surrounding the directions is peripheral text explaining, enhancing, and clarifying the directions, and adding information about customs and concepts. Some ceremonies are for all participants at the table, while some are for a leader. Text at the top of the directions mentions when the directions are for a leader. Usually, this is also clear from the ceremony’s cover page. Most ceremonies involve Hebrew text. All Hebrew text (right column) on these pages is transliterated into English letters,2017 line Jonathan by line (middle G. Bressel column). - All So rights if you reserved want to say the Hebrew, but do not know how, you can pronounce the transliteration column, which is designed to sound like the Hebrew. The pronunciation guide has details. All He- brew text is translated into English as well,1 line by line (left column). In a few cases, where the particular Hebrew sentence structure is not translated sequentially, a vertical bar to the side of the text (see left) indicates a reversal of two lines in the translation. Commentary on the ceremony text is at the bottom of the page, with the text under discussion in bold. Some foreign terms are italicized in the text and defined in the glossary. Small raised numerals in the text refer to notes at the end of the book, arranged according to section and chapter. Usually the notes are not for the casual reader, but rather for the reader who, for reasons of scholarship, wants to know the precise source of the material. Some notes contain additional commentary. Stories weave through the chapters. A list by subject and a list by author can be found in the index, under entry story.

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright The astute reader will notice a wide variety of styles and spellings, according to the differing sources of the ideas presented. An effort was made to maintain the original style of each source. Attribution for text is found in endnotes. Source text is sometimes abridged as necessary to fit, with no indication. Jewish tradition and practice vary widely across the world. With today’s ease of relo- cation, they can vary even from house to house. This work cannot present more than one version, with occasional reference to a few variants. Those who have a different Jewish tradition should keep it.

Note: This book aims to help understand and enjoy the traditional Shabbat Table experience. It does not intend to persuade2017 Jonathan agreement G. with Bressel any of its- All contents. rights reserved 

Hebrew as language of choice in Jewish ceremonies

Whereas other languages of the world are based on convention between people of particular geographic regions,2 Hebrew is the intrinsic language of the universe,3 with each word expressing the true essence of the concept it describes.4 As the language of the angels,5 the language to which the Divine Presence connects,6 the holy language that purifies the spirit,7 the language in which the Torah — itself the blueprint of the uni- verse8 — is written, the original language of mankind,9 and the language through which the world was created,10 Hebrew is the language of choice in Jewish ceremonies, even for those who do not understand it.11 For options, see main text above.

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright can feel shabbos on wednesdays now — because of the soup and the full-time job. I Until a few months ago, I worked part-time — Mondays and Tuesdays, sometimes Wednesdays. Occasionally, I worked on Thursdays but never Fri- days. Fridays I saved for shopping and cooking. On Fridays I’d race from the supermarket to the butcher to the bakery and home to begin the kitchen mara- thon. On Fridays I would whip through aisles in stores, grabbing fruits and vegetables, pushing my wagon on wobbling wheels. I’d calculate minutes necessary to prepare the chicken. I’d figure out when I’d need to be done with the meat. I’d race through the back door, arms filled with bags. I would turn on the Art Raymond show or a Jewish music tape. I would take out the tablecloth given to us by my husband’s great-aunt Malka. I would set out the challah plate, the Kiddush cups, the candlesticks, and then I would begin. As I chopped and sliced and peeled and stirred, as the contents of the pots began to bubble, as the windows steamed on winter days, I would feel Shab- bos descend, enveloping me at the kitchen sink. I loved the breakneck pace at which I worked, hurrying to get things done in time, checking the clock, wiping my brow, testing and tasting, happy in the knowledge that other women were scurrying too, their kitchens in this way connected to mine. Then I took the full-time job and Fridays changed. I had to work. I asked if I could please have Fridays off. But they said no in no uncertain terms. They said that I could leave a little early, but I’d have to learn to rearrange my days — which I have found to be a blessing after all. Because I’ve learned that Shabbos starts on Wednesday nights — just as soon as I begin to cook the soup. 2017 Jonathan G. Bressel - All rights reserved  — Anna Gotlieb1

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright sample shabbat schedule

Here is a sample Shabbat schedule. The specific times are merely representative. Actual times vary dramatically, according to geographic location, seasonal changes in sunrise and sunset times, and individual family styles. Preparation for Shabbat ends Friday afternoon, but much can be done earlier in the week.

Friday

6:00pm candle lighting. Going to synagogue 7:30pm Returning from synagogue. shabbat angels 7:33pm woman of valor 7:35pm blessing the children 7:40pm kiddush 7:43pm washing the hands 7:45pm blessing on bread 7:48pm the meal with singing, chatting, Torah discussions 10:00pm blessing after the meal 10:10pm Chatting at the table or on the couch 11:00pm Going to sleep

Saturday

8:00am Going to synagogue 10:30am Returning from synagogue. kiddush 10:33am washing the hands2017 Jonathan G. Bressel - All rights reserved 10:35am blessing on bread 10:38am the meal with singing, chatting, Torah discussions 12:30pm blessing after the meal

12:40pm Free time: nap, rest, chat, read, walk, snack, play, study, ponder

5:00pm Going to synagogue 5:30pm Returning from synagogue. washing the hands 5:32pm blessing on bread 5:35pm the meal with singing, chatting, Torah discussions 6:00pm blessing after the meal 6:10pm Going to synagogue 7:00pm Returning from synagogue. havdallah

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright was behind an elderly lady with several items almost ready to go through. While her items were being rung up, she held one item in her I hand. When the cashier finished ringing up the other items she asked for a tally. After he gave her the total, she handed him the item and asked him to put it back on the shelf, since she did not have enough money to buy it. I whispered to the cashier to put the item through and I would pay for it. The final item the lady was clinging on to until the end that she thought she would have to forgo was a box of Shabbos candles.

— A Daily Dose of Kindness1

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright list of needed items

Here is a list of items needed for the Shabbat table experience. Sections in capitals can be found through the table of contents.

Matches (friday afternoon candle lighting, saturday night havdallah) At least one candle, preferably two, or more. A safe spot at which to light them (friday afternoon candle lighting) A multi-wick candle or two additional regular candles or two additional matches. Fragrant spices. Some kind of saucer, foil, or plastic to catch dripping wax (saturday night havdallah) A cup or goblet that contains a volume of at least a reviit measure (3.0 fl. oz. or 86 ml.), preferably made of silver. A saucer to go under the goblet. Extra tasting cups, one for each participant. (friday night & saturday morning kiddush, havdallah, blessing after the meal). Another goblet if performing seven blessings after a wedding meal Kosher wine or kosher grape juice to fill the goblet and a little bit more for each participant. Three times (friday night & saturday morning kiddush, havdallah). Additional time for each use of a cup for blessing after the meal. And an extra additional time for each performance of seven blessings after a wedding meal A hand washing cup. A faucet & sink, typically in kitchen. A hand towel or napkins (friday night, saturday morning, & saturday afternoon washing the hands) At least one slice of bread, preferably two whole challot. Three times (friday night, saturday morning, & saturday afternoon blessing on bread). Extra bread if eating melaveh malka (see2017 end Jonathan of havdallah G. Bressel). Some kind- All ofrights cloth reserved to cover the challot  A bread knife, preferably with a cutting board. Table salt (friday night, saturday morning, & saturday afternoon blessing on bread) A festively set table. Three times (friday night, saturday morning, & saturday afternoon meal). One additional time if eating melaveh malka (see end of havdallah). For sample menus, see the meal sections A special finger-washing cup and basin, or a faucet & sink. A hand towel or napkins (blessing after the meal)

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright introduction

the treasure of shabbat

“I have a fine gift in My treasure house,” God said to Moses. “Its name is Shabbat and I want to give it to the Jewish People. Go let them know…”1 God says, “See what a [pre- cious] stone I have given you.”2 We can imagine that God’s treasure house contains the finest possible example of every gem. How valuable must Shabbat be if it is found there.3 Yet the benefit of Shabbat is in proportion to how much we are aware of what Shabbat can do for us.4 What then is Shabbat?

breaking the routine

The Torah tells us that God created the universe and its contents in six days and then rested on the seventh.5 How surprising that One who can create a massive and complex universe should tire and need to rest. A traditional explanation suggests that God rested in order to teach us to imitate Him.6 On Shabbat we rest because God rested on the first Shabbat of Time. Shabbat is an unparalleled tool to lift us to our highest potential. Shabbat is the day when we do not do, and as such it is a day of freedom from having our minds enslaved. By abstaining from business, travel, and all forms of activity that take up our minds and attention, we are able to concentrate on the most important issues in life.7 Shabbat meals with family and friends, good food, festive singing, and study, generate an expansive atmosphere for contemplation and reassessment of our lives. Shabbat rest is a chance to put our working selves aside and to gain spiritual expression. The six days of the week are2017 meant Jonathan for creative G. physical Bressel activity. - All rightsSymbolically, reserved their very essence is physical. They represent the six directions (north, south, east, and west, up, and down) by which any physical object is defined. The six days always lead to Shabbat, a day embodying the central point of intersection of these six dimensions. Having no size along any of the directions of physical measure, this point is inherently spiritual, the nonphysical spot inside of us where our soul resides. Shabbat is a day of concentration on this point,8 a time for personal spiritual expression.

partnership with god

Shabbat observance testifies that the world’s existence is not a random occurence, but rather the product of intelligent design of a Creator who Himself rested on the seventh day.9 For thousands of years Shabbat has kept humanity aware of God’s creation of the world, and if we are careful, it also enables us to become God’s partners in that creation.

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright Part of our mission as human beings is to manage the earth responsibly, using our intelligence, creativity, and diligence to temper nature and the world around us. Often we are so successful that we make the mistake of thinking that we are the real owners of the world, not just its creative custodians. A proper understanding of Shabbat guards us from this danger. By temporarily relinquishing mastery10 over the physical world and returning it to God’s hands for a day, we testify that it is not we, but rather God Who is the ultimate Creator and Master of the world. Instead of contending for the title of Creator of the World, we lay our creativity at the feet of the true Creator. Through Shabbat observance, we demonstrate our partnership with God:11 He created the world — we maintain it creatively.

creative work

In light of this, the nature of creative work as it relates to Shabbat becomes clearer. A good definition of such work might be “an act that shows man’s mastery over the world by the constructive exercise of his intelligence and skill.”12 This explains the traditional view that although it might not be in the spirit of a day of rest, one could exert oneself by moving the living room furniture from one end of the room to the other all day long, without violating the letter of the law of Shabbat. Yet the effortless striking of a match would be a full violation, because it better fits this definition of creative work.13 Traditionally, the definition of creative work on Shabbat includes any of the activities involved historically in building the Holy Temple where God rested His presence amid the Jewish people.14 These comprise thirty-nine general categories:15 sowing, plow- ing, reaping, gathering sheaves, threshing, winnowing, separating, grinding, sifting, kneading, baking, shearing wool, bleaching wool, combing wool, dying wool, making string or thread, three particular weaving operations, separating into two threads, tying, untying, sewing, ripping, trapping,2017 Jonathan slaughtering, G. skinning,Bressel -tanning All rights animal reserved skins, scribing animal skins for cutting, smoothing animal skins, cutting animal skins, writing, erasing, building, demolishing, extinguishing flame, lighting flame, putting the last touches on a fabricated object, carrying from one domain to another. Each category has many subcategories, making Shabbat one of the largest areas of Jewish law.

focusing on details on shabbat

Shabbat encompasses the entire human experience on the spectrum of the spiritual versus the mundane — from the exhilarating heights of communal prayer and realizations of who we are and how we testify to God’s creation and ownership of the world, all the way down to exactly how we light the Shabbat candles and how we hold the cup of kiddush wine. It is easy to appreciate lofty ideas, but harder to understand the great importance assigned to the details.

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright The details of Jewish law are essential for a number of reasons. First, they provide essential support for the larger structure of lofty ideas. A majestic bridge, rising high above the ocean bay to connect two cities, succeeds only because of the thousands of struts, bolts, and panels that support it. Remove them, and the freedom of travel disappears, as everything drops to the ocean. A beautiful painting succeeds only because of the thousands of individual brush strokes, painstakingly applied one at a time. Remove the detail, and the painting disappears from the canvas. So too Shabbat details are the threads from which the magnificent fabric of the philosophy of Shabbat is woven.16 Fulfilling the details builds a structure in which the lofty ideas develop and dwell, enabling us to soar to new heights. Remove the details, and the lofty ideas eventually leave with them — the fabric of the day wears out and fades into a regular weekday. Second, the detail of Shabbat observance — and of all areas of Jewish law in general — mimics the detail we find in the natural world around us. Today we are increasingly aware of how fine-tuned a world we live in. Through scientific research we see that nature is highly micro-managed. On the biological level, for example, minute and micro- scopic differences in parts of cells can make the difference in the formations of pro- teins, ultimately spelling the difference between life and death. On the computing level, detail is crucial. Imagine typing googla.com instead of google.com, a small difference that leads to a totally different result. If it makes sense to apply the same respect for detail in the spiritual arena that we witness in the physical realm, then it is easy to imagine the importance of detail in the spiritual realm.17 Jewish law is precise guidelines for how to navigate the spiritual realm, and through it God gives us the opportunity to manage the spiritual world. Third, Jewish law creates an objective framework. In a Jewish law framework, we say, “these things are permitted and these things are forbidden.” It has nothing to do with our emotions. It has nothing to do with how we feel that day. It has nothing to do with one’s own personal wishes and desires. The greatness of Jewish law is that it overrides and supersedes the emotions2017 of theJonathan person at G. the Bressel moment. - IAll have rights to eat reserved matzah on the night of Passover whether I feel like it or not, and because I have to, and I do, the night of Passover eventually carries great significance and meaning for me and my children and grandchildren. For all the family of Israel it has survived for 3,300 years, because it is not dependent on how I feel on that night or what my emotions are or whether I am tired or whether I am depressed or whether I am in a good mood or a bad mood. The greatness of Jewish law is that it supersedes human frailty. It supersedes the va- garies of human behavior. It is an objective standard that overrides all of our subjective problems and in so doing guarantees that what it comes to commemorate will be remembered eternally, and will have deep meaning, even thousands of years later after the event that it commemorates took place.18

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright navigating the details of shabbat

The many details of Shabbat can at first seem perplexing and overwhelming. Our ini- tial encounter is somewhat like learning how to drive a car. Most people, when finding themselves behind the wheel for the first time, wonder how they will ever develop the hand-eye-foot coordination needed for manipulating so many controls simultaneously in order to get the car to move correctly. With experience most succeed at mastering the art and eventually get to the point where they no longer even think about how to move the car, rather they think about where they want to go. With a bit of experience, Shab- bat observance develops the same freedom. The question is no longer how do I maneu- ver, but rather where do I want to go, in this case spiritually.19 Regardless of the stage of one’s Shabbat development, it is crucially important not to allow the detail of observance to detract or distract from the essential message of Shabbat.

blessings

Blessings are found at the heart of nearly all Jewish ceremonies. When we say a blessing we awaken our awareness that God is the source of all goodness in our lives.20 The ceremonies of the Shabbat table contain over a dozen such blessings, which we can begin to understand by looking at their structure.

the structure of a blessing

The first six Hebrew words of most blessings are the same: ‰ÀÏ«ÚÀÆÆÆÌ _ ÓŒÏŒ »È ‡¤‰¿Õ ‰Â‰È ‰ ‡ÃzÀ _»¯aÀ 2017 Jonathan G. Bressel - All rights reserved21 The first word, baruch ( aÀ_»¯ ), has as its root the concept of increasing abundance and is thus a praise22 of God as being the source of all blessing in the world.23 We are not giving anything to God through the blessing — He needs nothing from us24 — nor are we blessing the food, rather we are declaring that all blessing, all abundance in the world, flows to us from God.25 The second word, ata ( ‡ÃzÀ‰ ), means you, indicating our personal relationship with God. How fortunate we are that we can always speak directly to God without bureau- cratic channels or intermediaries.26 The first two words together can be translated as, You are the source of all blessing.27 The third word, Adonoy ( È‰Â‰ ), is the principal name of God.28 Although God is unchanging, indivisible perfection, our understanding of God is limited to perception of God’s actions toward us.29 We invent descriptive names for God based on our perception.30 This name is constructed from the three tense forms of the verb to be, past ( ‰È‰ ), present ( ‰Â‰ ), and future ( È‰È‰ ), indicating that God is beyond time: God always was, is, and always will be.31 This name is so holy that we do not pronounce it as

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright written, but rather as a different word, Adonoy, meaning master.32 The fourth word, Eloheynu (»È‰¿Õ ‡¤ ), is a descriptive name of God, referring to God’s omnipotent might. The word form here means our all-powerful God.33 The fifth word, Melech ( ÓŒÏŒ_ ), means king, indicating that God did not merely create the world and then leave it to run by itself. Rather God constantly runs the world as an active king,34 assigning and delivering all goods to their intended recipients.35 The sixth word, haolam ( ‰ÀÏ«ÚÀÌ ), means the world or the universe, so the entire preamble now reads, You are the source of all blessing, our [eternal] Master, our [all-powerful] God, King of the universe… Following these six words comes specific language concerning the particular issue at hand. There are two categories: blessings on pleasure and blessings on commandments. Blessings on pleasure conclude directly with a description of the particular pleasure. For example, the blessing on bread continues with the words, “who extracted bread from the land.” The blessing on wine continues with the words, “who created the fruit of the vine.” On the other hand, blessings on commandments continue with the universal phrase “who made us holy36 through His commandments and commanded us to…” This declares that God’s commandments make us holy, meaning that they give us spiritual nourishment.37 Each specific blessing on commandments then concludes with a description of the particular commandment. For example, the blessing on candle lighting concludes with the words “to light a Shabbat lamp.”

blessings create abundance

At their simplest level, blessings are an opportunity to verbalize facts that we know, reminding us of God’s active involvement in all of the material and spiritual assets that we have.38 Each blessing expresses thanks to God for supplying us with all that we need to keep our bodies healthy, in 2017order thatJonathan our minds G. Bresselbe free to - ponder All rights the reservedkindness of God.39 With the opportunity to say blessings available at every turn in our daily lives, we remain aware of God’s presence and we keep our personal connection to God alive and healthy. At a higher level, blessings are not merely passive reflections, but also powerful actuators. When we say a blessing in recognition of God’s plenty, God responds enthusi- astically by showering even more gifts upon the world.40 The beauty of design found in every natural item in this world declares the grandeur of the Creator. This implies the dangerous result that every time that we consume something, we silence that something’s ongoing praise of God. The traditional remedy is to say a blessing, by which we replace the object’s implicit testimony with our own explicit praise of God.41 Our blessing declares God as the generous source of all that we have, prompting God to demonstrate this generosity by allowing us to consume His possessions.42

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright amen

When hearing someone else complete a blessing it is appropriate to answer “Amen,”43 which has two meanings: “What I just heard is true,”44 and “I pray that what I just heard will come true.”45 Either or both might apply in a particular circumstance.46 In general, one does not say “Amen” after saying one’s own blessing.47

jewish partnership

Blessings benefit from a unique Jewish form of social bond — under the right circumstances, one person can say a blessing as agent for another person. In the cases where this applies, it is often preferable for a leader to say the blessing for a group as opposed to each member of the group saying the blessing separately. This is because of the principle that the glory of the King (God) is in proportion to the number of subjects in the kingdom,48 and thus the more people acting together through a shared action, the more honor the ceremony gives to God. The directions in each chapter of the book show when to designate a leader and when to act separately.

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright FRIDAY AFTERNOON

candle lighting 3

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright TREASURE OF SHABBAT: AN ILLUMINATED GUIDE TO THE SHABBAT TABLE EXPERIENCE

ighting a candle is rich in symbolism. There are acts which we do totally for ourselves, and others which may be completely altruistic. Gener- L ating light, however, defies such limitations. I may light the candle for myself, but I cannot contain the light, because of necessity it illuminates the room for others. If I create light for the benefit of another, I too can see better. What better way to begin the Shabbos, the final step in creation of the universe and its ultimate goal, than by lighting the candles, an act which sym- bolically binds the inhabitants of the world together. None of us can be an island; what I do affects you, and what you do must have bearing on me. If we could only realize this, we would well understand why the candle lighting is referred to in the Rabbinic literature as an essential for Shalom Bayit, for peace in the household. Dissension can occur only when individuals believe they are separate and distinct and can each go their own particular way, untouched by one another…1 It is traditional in many families to begin lighting two candles after marriage, and to add an additional candle for each child. One of the candles Mother kindled each Friday night was for me. I recall how much this meant to me as a child, when I used to watch the flames flicker, and realize that the house, nay, the world, was a brighter place, because of my existence… Non-verbal communications are frequently more impressive than verbal. The weekly message to a child, delivered at the initiation of Shabbos, that his being has brought additional brightness into the home can be a powerful in- gredient in one’s personality development.2

— Abraham J. Twerski

n shades of fuchsia and2017 mauve Jonathan against aG. background Bressel - All of rightswhite, reserved she stands not two inches high, eyes shaded by her hands. Before her, candles glow. IAbove her shines a blazing sun, behind and beside her float glittering orbs — moons, planets, tiny stars. Her lips are pursed in quiet concentration as she contemplates the creation of the world. Perhaps she comprehends. I study her face and the face of the woman in blue on page sixteen of the little book. Here she waits at a clear high window, a child on either arm. Candles, challah and a cup of wine decorate the table in the forefront of the scene. And as the woman waits, looking out into the night, I, the reader, am invited to look in.

— Anna Gotlieb3

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright

candle lighting FridayAfternoon

KWHATk We light a set of candles, say a blessing, and optionally say a prayer for the welfare of the family and the Jewish people. Although everyone is obligated to ensure that candles are lit in the home,4 usually the Jewish adult5 woman of the house lights for everyone, using one set of candles.6 Be- cause women typically lavish warmth and goodness on the home, they are the ones privi- leged to bring light and peace into the home on Shabbat by lighting candles.7 The woman of the house retains the privilege even if her husband wants to be the one to light.8 How- ever, her husband should participate by preparing the candles to light.9 In a house where no woman of the house is lighting, a Jewish adult man should light,10 according to variation noted on top of next page. Guests sleeping in someone else’s home typically rely on the lighting by their hostess,11 with the exception of married women who tend to light even then.12

KWHENk Friday evening before sunset,13 because the Jewish day begins at night and ends at night.14 On Shabbat we desist from a defined set of activities, loosely described as creative work. Since lighting a flame is one of these activities,15 doing so after sunset (even if we forgot to light beforehand) would contradict the very essence of Shabbat.16 We light candles a number of minutes before sunset.17 Exactly how many minutes varies with community custom.18 Some communities light fifteen,19 some light twenty,20 and others light thirty minutes21 before sunset. Communities in the United States typically light eighteen minutes before sunset.22 The Jerusalem community lights forty minutes before sunset.23

KWHEREk If possible, on or near the Shabbat2017 dining Jonathan table,24 to provide G. Bressel light for - All the rights meal.25 Forreserved safety reasons, many place the candles on an isolated, raised shelf on the wall. Before lighting the candles, make sure that there is enough light everywhere in the house where you are likely to need it over Shabbat.26 In fact, because Shabbat begins now, all Shabbat preparations should be complete at this point. Some place the candles on the southern side of the room and the table on the northern side,27 emulating the layout of the Holy Temple.28

KWITHk Matches. Preferably two or more candles with holders, but at least one (step 1). A safe spot where they can be lit and left undisturbed until after Shabbat.

KWHYk Candles honor Shabbat with a special ambiance.29 They make Shabbat more enjoyable30 and they bring peace and joy into the home.31 Lighting candles on Friday evening is one of Judaism’s oldest traditions, tracing back to the days of our matriarch Sarah.32

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright TREASURE OF SHABBAT: AN ILLUMINATED GUIDE TO THE SHABBAT TABLE EXPERIENCE

Instructions for the female leader For a male, perform steps 1-6-2, in that order.33 For why, see commentary on step 3. Remaining members of the household need not be present during the lighting.34

1 Prepare candles for lighting. Typically, the husband sets up the candles for lighting, as his way of participating in the mitzvah.35 Some put coins in a charity box in the home before lighting.36 Customs of how many candles to light vary widely.37 The minimal requirement is one candle,38 as evidenced by the singular word “lamp” in the blessing.39 The prevailing custom is to light two candles, symbolizing40 the Torah’s calling Shabbat observance both “remembering/proclaiming”41 and “guarding/keeping.”42 Two also symbolizes man and woman.43 Some light the standard two candles plus one candle for each child of the family.44 This is based on the Talmudic saying that those who are careful with Shabbat candle lighting will have children who are Torah scholars who illuminate the world with their Torah study.45 Thus, a candle is added for each newborn so that in that merit the child will grow up to participate in Jewish study.46 Ideally, the candles should be large enough to burn until the end of the meal,47 but it is sufficient if they burn through kiddush and for some part of the meal.48 Most light wax candles, but some consider olive oil more beautiful.49 If you do not have candles, you can turn on an electric bulb.50 Be careful when choosing the number of candles to light each week, because beautifying Shabbat using a particular number of candles even just once can be seen as a promise (with an implied obligation) to light at least that many in the future.51

2 Light the candles. While lighting each candle, make sure that at least half of the wick is burning before you move on to light the next candle.52 This is2017 how theJonathan menorah G. was Bressel lit in the - HolyAll rights Temple reserved.53 Ensuring that the flame is fully flourishing before moving your hand away from the wick demonstrates your direct and active involvement in the flame’s creation.54 Metaphorically, this teaches us that when passing the torch of Jewish education, we should not let go until the recipient is fully flourishing with the flame of Judaism.55 Shabbat radiates joy and pleasure. We facilitate this by preparing everything for Shabbat in advance.56 We clean our homes,57 wash our clothes58 and bodies,59 and cook delicious food.60 Yet, of all our preparations only lighting candles merits saying a blessing, because the candlelight gives a spiritual pleasure that is greater than the physical pleasures of Shabbat. Thus, candle lighting is the key to pleasure on Shabbat.61

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright CANDLE LIGHTING

The Shabbat candles remind us that just as a non-physical flame rests on a physical wick, FridayAfternoon so too our non-physical soul rests on our physical body.62 Shabbat is the highest point of our week, when we turn away from creative physical activities and concentrate on our spiritual side. We bring out our souls and let them shine.63 A candle’s flame can light many torches without losing any of its light. So too Shab- bat bestows blessing and light on the days of the week without losing any of itself.64 The Friday night prayer service speaks of a canopy of peace that spreads over the Jewish people at the beginning of Shabbat.65 Jewish mysticism views this canopy as the woman of the universe, in which the heavenly flames of the souls of humanity dwell. For this reason Shabbat candles should be lit specifically by a woman, because the woman on earth represents this heavenly woman above. A woman who lights Friday night candles causes the woman above to bestow holy souls on the children of the woman on earth… It is a heavenly honor for her.66

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright TREASURE OF SHABBAT: AN ILLUMINATED GUIDE TO THE SHABBAT TABLE EXPERIENCE

3 Block your vision of the We typically say a blessing right before the candle flames with your action it describes.68 However, in this case we hands, with the palms of your say the blessing only after lighting candles. hands facing away from you.67 The reason has to do with how we understand the beginning of Shabbat, as follows. Shabbat technically begins at sunset. However, we typically commit to this week’s Shab- bat observance somewhat earlier, in order to extend some of the holiness of Shabbat to the preceding week.69 We can commit to Shabbat either through a formal declaration such as “I hereby accept Shabbat,” or through certain Shabbat related actions that clearly demonstrate our acceptance of Shabbat.70 Traditionally, the Shabbat candle lighting ceremony has been the way that women demonstrate that they are accepting Shabbat.71 At the very least, this applies specifically to saying the blessing. Therefore, if we were to begin by saying the blessing, then this first step would constitute for us the beginning of Shabbat. If so, we could not continue the ceremony with lighting the candles, because it is prohibited to light a flame on Shabbat.72 We avoid this problem by lighting the candles before saying the blessings. This solution comes at a cost, however, because now we are no longer fulfilling the general principle that blessings precede the action that they de- scribe. We eliminate this cost as follows. Since the purpose of lighting candles is to add the benefit of light to Shabbat, it would suffice to have the blessing precede at least our seeing the candlelight. We ac- complish this by blocking the light until we finish the bless- 2017 Jonathan G. Bressel - All rights reserved ing. When we remove our hands we get benefit from the light right after finishing the blessing, thus fulfilling in some part the principle of preceding an action with its blessing.73 This reasoning does not apply to men, because men, who typically do not have the Shabbat candle lighting privilege of women, begin Shabbat through synagogue prayer, not through candle lighting. Therefore, in the rare case where men light candles, most men say the blessing before lighting the candles.74 Nonetheless, some men light candles exactly the way that women do.75

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright CANDLE LIGHTING

Move your open hands Ideally we would like to block the light with 4 FridayAfternoon around the candles.76 our hands. Because there are sometimes too many candles to block, we wave our hands around them, as if trying to block them all.77

Cover your eyes with Finally, by covering our eyes we succeed in 5 your palms.78 completely blocking the candle light.79

Say the following blessing Uncover your eyes if you need to read the 6 on the candles.80 blessing.

You are the source of all blessing, bA·rooch a·tA, , ‡ÃzÀ‰ _»¯aÀ our [eternal] Master, a·doe·nAy, ,‰Â‰È our [all-powerful] God, e·loe·hE·noo, ,»È‰¿Õ ‡¤ King of the universe, me·lech hA·oe·lAm, , ‰ÀÏ«ÚÀÌ _ ÓŒÏŒ Who made us holy a·sher kee·d’shA·noo cNŸ÷À» ¯ ‡⁄÷Œ through His commandments, b’meets·voe·TAv, ,ÂÈ˙«À ˆŸ Óœ aŸ and commanded us v’tsee·vA·noo »»Àˆœ ÂŸ to light l’had·leek ˜ÈÏEœ ‰Ã ÏŸ a Shabbat lamp.81 nEr shel sha·bAT. ÷ÃaÀÆ˙ Ï÷Œ ¯Õ

e look at the shabbos lamps. What a miraculous phenomenon! Slow oxidation produces no visible light, but the rapid oxidation of Wthe wick and the wax produces the spectacular phenomenon of light. — Avigdor Miller82

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright TREASURE OF SHABBAT: AN ILLUMINATED GUIDE TO THE SHABBAT TABLE EXPERIENCE

7 This women’s prayer for Add parenthetical words as appropriate. the family is optional: This prayer is based83 on the saying that a woman84 who lights Shabbat85 candles regularly is rewarded with children who light the world86 with Torah [scholarship].87 God best accepts prayer when the person praying is involved in a mitzvah.88 Therefore the mitzvah of candle lighting makes this an auspicious moment for this prayer.89 The connection between candle lighting and Torah is especially accentuated90 by the verse, “For a mitzvah is a lamp and To- rah is light.”91

May it be your will,92 y’hee rA·tsoen mee·l’fA·ne·chA, , ÓœlŸÙÀŒ^È Ô«ˆT È ÈŸ‰œ our [eternal] Master, a·doe·nAy, ,‰Â‰È my [all-powerful] God e·loe·hay ‰¿ÃÈ ‡¤ and [all-powerful] God vE·loe·hE ‰¿‡ÕÈ ÂÕ of my forefathers, a·voe·Tay, ,È˙«·Ã ‡⁄ that You –grace me freely she·t’choe·nEn oe·Tee ˙«‡œÈ Ô ÷ŒzŸ«ÁÕ (and my husband) (v’eT ee·shee) ‡œ÷Èœ®È ˙ Â©Ÿ‡Œ (and my sons) (v’eT bA·nay) aÀÃ®È ˙ Â©Ÿ‡Œ (and my daughters) (v’eT b’noe·Tay) aŸ˙«Ã®È ˙ Â©Ÿ‡Œ (and my father) (v’eT A·vee) ‡À·œ®È ˙ Â©Ÿ‡Œ (and my mother) (v’eT ee·mee) ‡œnœ®È ˙ Â©Ÿ‡Œ and all of my relatives v’eT kAl k’roe·vay ·«¯OÃÈ ÏkÀ ˙ ÂŸ‡Œ –give us v’Tee·ten lA·noo ÏÀ» Ô ÂŸ˙œzŒ and all of [the people of] Israel ool·chAl yees·rA·El Èœ◊Ÿ‡TÕÏ Ï Ï»ŸÎÀ a good and long life 2017cha·yeem Jonathan toe·veem G. va·a·roo·keemBressel - All rights ÂÃ‡⁄k\œÌÈ reserved ÌÈ·«Ëœ ÌÈ ÁÃiœ –remember us  v’Teez·k’rE·noo »VkŸ ÊŸ ˙œ ÂŸ with good remembrance b’zeech·roen toe·vA ·«ËÀ‰ Ô«¯ aŸÊœÎŸ and blessing oov·rA·chA ÎTÀ‰ ·»Ÿ –address our needs v’Teef·k’dE·noo beef·koo·daT aœÙŸcRÃ˙ »BO ÂŸ˙œÙŸ with redemption and mercy y’shoo·A v’ra·cha·meem ÂŸÁU⁄ÓœÌÈ ‰ ÈŸÚ»÷À –bless us ooT·vA·r’chE·noo »ÎYÕ ·À ˙»Ÿ with grand blessings b’rA·choeT g’doe·loeT ˙«Ï«„bŸ ˙«ÎTaŸ –fulfill our homes v’Tash·leem bA·tE·noo aÀzÕ»È ÌÈ ÂŸ˙Ã÷ŸÏœ –make Your presence dwell v’Tash·kEn sh’chee·nA·T’chA ÷ŸÎœÈÀ˙Ÿ^ Ô ÂŸ˙Ã÷ŸkÕ amid us bE·nE·noo »ÈÈÕ aÕ

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright CANDLE LIGHTING

–merit me to raise children v’za·kE·nee l’ga·dEl bA·neem aÀœÌÈ Ï ÏŸ‚ÃcÕ È ÂŸÊÃkÕœ FridayAfternoon and grandchildren oov·nE vA·neem ·ÀœÌÈ È ·»ŸÕ [who are] wise and perceptive, cha·chA·meem oon·voe·neem, , »Ÿ«·œÌÈ ÌÈ Á⁄ÎÀÓœ lovers of oe·ha·vE ·ÕÈ ‰«‡⁄ our [eternal] Master, a·doe·nAy, ,‰Â‰È fearful of our [all-powerful] God, yeer·E e·loe·heem, , ‡¤‰¿œÌÈ È Èœ‡YÕ people of truth, an·shE e·meT, , ‡¤ÓŒ˙ È ‡ÃŸ÷Õ holy offspring, ze·ra koe·desh, ,÷CS ÚUÊŒ cleaving to our [eternal] Master, ba·doe·nAy d’vE·keem, , cŸ·ÕÌÈN ‰Â‰ÈaÃ and lighting the world oom·ee·reem eT hA·oe·lAm ‰ÀÏ«ÚÀÌ ˙‡Œ ÌÈXÈ Ó»Ÿ‡œ with Torah, ba·toe·rA, ,‰T«zaÃ good deeds, oov·ma·a·seem toe·veem, , ·«ËœÌÈ ÌÈ ·»ŸÓÃÚ⁄◊œ and all work oov·chAl m’le·cheT ÓŸÏŒÎ‡Œ˙ Ï ·»ŸÎÀ in service of the Creator. a·voe·daT ha·boe·rE. Æ‡V«a‰Ã ˙A«·Ú⁄ Please hear A·nA sh’ma ÷ŸÓÃÚ ‡ ‡ÀpÀ my plea eT t’chee·nA·Tee zŸÁœpÀ˙œÈ ˙‡Œ at this moment, bA·ET ha·zoeT, , ‰Ãf›˙‡ ˙ aÀÚÕ through the merit of Sarah, beez·chooT sA·rA, ◊À¨‰T ˙»Î aœÊŸ Rebecca, Rachel, v’reev·kA, v’rA·chEl, ÂŸÁTÕ¨Ï ¨‰J ÂŸ·XŸ and Leah, our matriarchs. v’lE·A, ee·moe·TE·noo. ˙«nÕÆ»È ‡œ ¨‰ ÂŸÏÕ‡À Shine our lamp v’hA·Er nE·rE·noo Õ»V ¯ ÂŸ‰À‡Õ so that it never be extinguished. she·loe yeech·be l’oe·lAm vA·ed. ÂÀÚŒÆ„ Ì ÏŸÏ«ÚÀ ‰ ÈœÎŸaŒ ‡`÷Œ Shine Your face v’hA·Er pA·ne·chA tÀŒ^È ¯ ÂŸ‰À‡Õ so that we are saved. v’nee·vA·shE·A. Æ‰ÚÀ ÷Õ »Àœ ÂŸ 2017 Jonathan G. Bressel - All rights reserved Amen. A·mEn. ÆÔÓÕ ‡À 

This concludes A woman having trouble raising her children, or one 8 candle lighting. who has no children, can now beseech God (in addition to lighting Shabbat candles meticulously) by reading Samuel 1:1:2-10.93 It tells the story of God’s answering our ancestor Hannah’s heartfelt prayer for children. She ultimately gave birth to Samuel, a great leader during the Jewish people’s early years in the land of Israel.

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright FRIDAY NIGHT

shabbat angels 13 woman of valor 17 blessing the children 25 kiddush 29 washing the hands 43 blessing on bread 47 the meal 55 songs 61 rest and happiness 63 how cherished is your rest 69 the creator from whose bounty we have eaten 77 creator, master of the world 83 a day for israel 89

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright TREASURE OF SHABBAT: AN ILLUMINATED GUIDE TO THE SHABBAT TABLE EXPERIENCE

e were just about to sit down to the Shabbos meal on Friday night, less than twenty-four hours after ten-year-old Arkady had W had a circumcision and received a Hebrew name: Yonatan. It was only the second traditional Shabbos that Yonatan had ever experienced and observed in his life. The shy boy watched me as I went over to my seven-year- old son, Dov Baer, put my hand on his head, and gave him my usual Friday night blessing. Yonatan whispered to my wife, “What is the Rabbi doing?” Sarah Beth explained, “He is blessing our son,” and she translated the blessing for him as best she could. He listened solemnly and then asked, “Could he bless me, too?” Tears came to my eyes as I placed my hand on his head and blessed him. I had no sooner finished when his closest friend, Naftali, came over and asked to be blessed, followed by ten-year-old Boris. I looked up then and saw that all the young campers had lined up for my blessings. I was overwhelmed with thankfulness to God Who is the Source of all blessing, and as I blessed each one, I prayed that these children should remain blessed.

— Ari Solomont1

nce, while standing outside the ladies’ room door at the rear of an airplane in mid-flight, I responded to a stranger’s inquiry. “I’m wait- Oing for my daughter,” I said. “She’ll be out in a moment.” At the words “my daughter” my stomach suddenly flipped. I had wanted to add, “And I have a son, too. See him over there. I have two of them, two beautiful, intelligent, charming, sweet, maddening, wonderful children. And they are mine.” It is this possessiveness that fills me sometimes when I least anticipate it. Fre- quently, maybe too frequently,2017 I Jonathanthink of my G. childrenBressel -without All rights actually reserved con- sidering the thought. I accept my role in relation to this boy and girl as a matter of fact. But occasionally, the fact strikes me as incredible. I am their mother. They call me Mommy, Ma, Mom. They shout at me, cry to me, tease me, kiss me, hug me, challenge me and frustrate me. They know me. They love me. They trust me. They are part of me.

— Anna Gotlieb2

ust as the holy temple is a holiness in space, Shabbat is holiness in time, and just as the Kohanim served in the Holy Temple, the Jewish people Jserve on Shabbat. The Kohanim blessed others in the Holy Temple and so the Jewish people bless others on Shabbat.

— Emunas Avraham3

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright blessing the children

KWHATk KWHEREk KWITHk We bless our children. Near the table where you will eat the meal, Your children or anywhere the children happen to be. who are home.

KWHENk Typically immediately before kiddush.4 Friday night is the time of the week most auspicious for blessing, because the conduits of heavenly blessing are fully open on Shab- 5 6

bat, with no spiritual obstacles. The blessing is further aided by the increased soul pos- FridayNight sessed on Shabbat by both the one blessing and the one blessed.7

KWHYk Originally only God could bestow blessing on people. Starting with Abraham, however, God granted the power of blessing to human beings.8 Later, Abraham’s grandson, Jacob, formalized Jewish blessing when he blessed his own grandchildren, Ephraim and Menashe. He prophesied that future generations of the people of Israel would bless their children with the words9 “May our [all powerful] God establish you like Ephraim and Menashe.”10 There is great historical precedent for this custom of placing our hands on the recipient’s head.11 When blessing his grandchildren, Menashe and Ephraim, our forefa- ther Jacob placed his hands on their heads.12 Moses did the same with his hands when blessing his successor Joshua.13 Today the Kohanim lift their hands toward the synagogue congregation14 when blessing the people during certain prayer services.15

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright TREASURE OF SHABBAT: AN ILLUMINATED GUIDE TO THE SHABBAT TABLE EXPERIENCE

Instructions for the parent Repeat all steps for each child, from the oldest to the youngest.16

1 Face the child17 and place your hands18 Blessing with our hands resting on the on the child’s head. child’s head helps to direct our intent.19 Using both hands expresses our desire to bestow a full blessing.20 Some use only one hand,21 because a single hand has fifteen visible sections (fourteen on the fingers & one on the palm)22, reminding us of the fifteen words in the blessings, and suggesting, “may the fifteen words of the blessings flow onto you through my hand.”23 In such case even left-handed people use their right hand.24

2 Give the child the following blessing: The blessing for sons is the blessing given by Jacob on his deathbed to his grandsons, Menashe and Ephraim.25 The blessing for daughters expresses our hope that they will grow up to be like the Jewish people’s four matriarchs.26 Even adult children may be blessed.27

For sons: May our [all-powerful] God establish you y’see·m’chA e·loe·heem ‡¤‰¿œÌÈ ^ ◊œÓÈŸ ÈŸ [within the Jewish people] like Ephraim k’ef·ra·yeem ÈUœÌ ÙŸ ‡Œ kŸ and Menashe. v’cheem·na·she. Æ‰gŒ Ã ÓŸ Îœ ÂŸ

For daughters:28 May our [all-powerful] God establish you y’see·mEch e·loe·heem ‡¤‰¿œÌÈ _ ◊œÓÈÕ ÈŸ [within the Jewish people] like Sarah, Rebecca, k’sA·rA, reev·kA, , ·XŸ‰J , kŸ◊À‰T Rachel, and Leah. 2017 Jonathan G.rA·chEl, Bressel v’lE·A. - All rights reservedÂŸÏÕ‡ÀÆ‰ , ÁTÕÏ 

like Ephraim and Menashe: Although Jacob had many children and grandchildren, we bless our children to be like Menashe and Ephraim specifically, for at least two reasons. First, born as the sons of Joseph in Egypt, they were the first Jews to encounter the test of survival in a hostile culture. By avoiding assimilation, they taught future Jewish generations how to maintain Jewish values.29 Second, they pursued the two most important undertakings: Ephraim studied Torah and Menashe managed community affairs.30 Ephraim’s precedence over Menashe in the blessing, even though he was younger, shows the primary importance of Torah study.31

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright BLESSING THE CHILDREN

Add the following blessings, These three blessings are used also by the Ko- 3 followed by any personal hanim to bless the Jewish people.33 blessings you wish:32 The first blessing is for material possessions and good health. The second blessing is for spiritual insight and inspiration. The third blessing is for strengthening our spirit and giving us peace.34

May our [eternal] Master bless you y’vA·re·ch’chA a·doe·nAy ‰Â‰È ^ ·ÀÎWŸ ÈŸ and guard you. v’yeesh·m’re·chA. Æ^WÓŸ ÷Ÿ ÈœÂŸ FridayNight

May our [eternal] Master shine yA·Er a·doe·nAy ‰Â‰È ¯‡Õ ÈÀ His face toward you pA·nAv E·le·chA ‡ÕÏŒ^È ÂÈ tÀÀ and grace you. vee·choo·ne·kA. jÀÆ pŒ ÁÈ‹ Âœ

May our [eternal] Master lift yee·sA a·doe·nAy ‰Â‰È ‡rÀ Èœ His face toward you pA·nAv E·le·chA ‡ÕÏŒ^È ÂÈ tÀÀ and grant you peace.35 v’yA·sEm l’chA shA·loem. ÆÌ«Ï÷À ^ÏŸ Ì ÂŸÈÀ◊Õ

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright TREASURE OF SHABBAT: AN ILLUMINATED GUIDE TO THE SHABBAT TABLE EXPERIENCE

ears ago when my wife and i, and our little children moved from Chi- cago to Miami Beach, Florida, to assume our roles as the rabbinical fam- Y ily for a small congregation, we felt very lonely. Our families were in Chicago and Detroit and… we needed some tender loving care… The Gellers, a sweet, unassuming, gentle, and deeply religious couple, in their noble way, became surrogate grandparents to our children, who sorely missed their own biological grandparents. Miami Beach is hot and humid for seven to eight months of the year. When we moved there, the homes generally were not completely air-conditioned as they are today. Yet this elderly Mrs. Geller would bake us a fresh loaf of Sabbath bread (challah) every Friday even though the temperature in her non-air-conditioned kitchen must have reached sauna level. She did this for us every Friday of the year, and her husband would walk over in the hot afternoon sun to deliver the loaf of delicious Sabbath bread. Our children were raised on Mrs. Geller’s challah. It was the highlight of our week, our anchor to holy Sabbath memories. We eventually moved from Miami Beach and later, in the fullness of time, the Gellers also left — they to move on to their eternal reward. Our children married and are now raising children of their own. Somehow they transmitted the memory of Mrs. Geller’s challah to our grandchildren who had never seen or known her. My wife and I have always celebrated our Sabbath with the memory of Mrs. Geller’s challah being present with us at the table. Therefore, imagine my joy when I spoke at a public event in Jerusalem before this past Rosh Hashanah, and a woman approached me and said, “I am Mrs. Geller’s granddaughter and I have baked a challah for your Sabbath table and here it is!” Our memories converged to create an emotional bond that transcended the passage of time and the change of location. The great task of life had been accomplished — memory 2017had been Jonathan transferred G. Bressel from one- All generationrights reserved to the next. 

— Berel Wein1

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright blessing on bread

KWHATk We begin our meal with a blessing on two special loaves of bread, called challot. Anyone can say the blessing for oneself. In addition, any Jewish adult can be desig- nated to say the blessing for others as needed. In these instructions, one person says the blessing for everyone, according to the principle that the more people involved in a mitzvah, the more honor given to God. This person is usually the head of the household.2 All participants should listen atten-

tively and quietly, with intent to fulfill their obligation of blessing on bread through FridayNight the leader’s words, and the leader should intend to fulfill the participants’ obligation.

KWHENk KWHEREk KWITHk At the beginning of the Sitting at the The challot (step 2) mentioned in kiddush. meal, right after hand table at which A bread knife, preferably with a cutting washing and before you will eat the board. Table salt (step 1). The cloth used to eating other foods. meal. cover the challot (step 2) in kiddush.

KWHYk God left this world incomplete, leaving us to perfect it. For example, bread does not grow ready-made on trees. When we hold a loaf of bread in our hands, we can be pleased that humanity had a part in its preparation. Nonetheless we know that we could not have succeeded without God’s sprouting wheat from the ground. With this blessing we thank and ac- knowledge the ultimate source of the bread.3 It is important to eat bread with each of the three Shabbat meals.4 When the Jewish people lived in the Sinai desert, 2017on their Jonathan G. Bressel - All rights reserved way from Egypt to the land of Israel, God fed them miraculously with a daily shower of manna from the sky. God blessed Shabbat and made it holy by withholding the standard portion of manna on Shabbat, and delivering a double portion on Friday instead.5 The Torah refers to the manna as bread. By eating bread on Shabbat we commemorate the manna with which God observed the first communal Shabbat of history.6

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright TREASURE OF SHABBAT: AN ILLUMINATED GUIDE TO THE SHABBAT TABLE EXPERIENCE

Instructions for the leader

1 Prepare a bread knife Some use a and place some salt on a special knife plate or cutting board. and challah board. There is an old tradition, from at least the time of the Talmud,7 to bake challah at home as an honor for Shabbat.8 This also serves as remembrance to the lechem hapanim (see below) which were baked on Friday.9 Today, many buy challot from a kosher bakery.

2 Keep the challot covered, Some do not keep the challot covered here, rather as during kiddush.10 they remove the covering immediately after kiddush.11 A challah is a special loaf of bread eaten on Shabbat and holidays. It is usually braided and often glazed with a thin layer of shiny egg mixture. The word challah means a loaf12 and specifically refers to a tithe that is taken from dough. In the times of the Holy Temple the tithe used to be given to a Kohen to eat.13 Today we still separate the small tithe, but burn it to ash, because without the Holy Temple the Kohanim are no longer able to attain the spiritual and physical purity required for eating the challah tithe.14 Fes- tive bread eventually came to be called challah, to remind the baker to separate the challah tithe.15 Some use twelve small challot at each meal as memory 2017of the Jonathanlechem hapanim G. Bressel (show breads) - All rights16 that reservedwere baked  and displayed weekly in the Holy Temple.17 Most, however, use only two challot at each meal, because each of our two long challot represents the Hebrew letter vav, which has the same long and thin shape. Since vav’s gematria value is six, the two challot together represent twelve (2x6=12) and serve as memory for the lechem hapanim.18 Another reason not to require twelve challot is that if we cut each of the two challot at each meal we get four pieces per meal, and with three Shabbat meals we get a total of twelve pieces.19 Some braid the two challot with six braids each, so that together their braids represent twelve.20 Alternatively, we braid the challot because people used to bake them in the same oven with meat, and the challot would get saturated with meat fat. They shaped them unusually, so that people would distinguish them from regular bread and thereby remember not to eat them with milk,21 since Jewish tradition prohibits eating meat products together with milk.22 Alternatively, the braided form is not typically found in nature, so braiding the challot suggests that the spirituality of Shabbat is beyond nature.23

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright BLESSING ON BREAD

Sitting, and with your Before this step, some gently touch the knife onto 3 hands under the challah the bread to make a slight indentation (but not a cut) cover,24 rest both hands on at the point at which they intend to start slicing the the two stacked loaves.25 bread later.26 Making an indentation now avoids the unnecessary interruption later of deciding where to cut the loaf.27 To keep the loaves whole, we make an indentation instead of a cut.28 We rest our hands on the loaves in order to facilitate cutting the bread immediately after the blessing.29 Rest all ten fingers on the loaves.30 Ten fingers represent the ten special commandments involved in the preparation of bread.31 These are:32 not tying to-

gether two different species of animals to plow a field, not planting different seeds close FridayNight to each other, not muzzling an animal while it is working around food, leaving dropped produce for the poor, leaving forgotten produce for the poor, leaving an unharvested corner of the field for the poor, tithing a percentage of the produce to give to the Kohanim, tithing a percentage of the produce to give to the Leviim, tithing a percentage of the produce to eat festively in Jerusalem, and tithing a percentage of the dough to give to the Kohanim. For this same reason, there are ten words in the blessing on bread and in many Torah verses describing the world’s sustenance.33 Jewish mysticism says to cut the bottom loaf at the night meal and the top loaf at the other meals.34 At the night meal only, hold the bottom loaf a bit closer to you in order to avoid passing over the top loaf to get to the bottom loaf. In this way, we avoid passing over one mitzvah opportunity (cutting the top loaf) while trying to get to another mitzvah opportunity (cutting the bottom loaf).35

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright TREASURE OF SHABBAT: AN ILLUMINATED GUIDE TO THE SHABBAT TABLE EXPERIENCE

4 Accept everyone’s unspoken Some omit this.37 permission as follows:36

With permission of my masters… beer·shooT ra·boe·Tay...... ˙«aUÃÈ ˙»÷Yaœ

5 Say the blessing below: Jewish mysticism says to lift the loaves when saying the name “a·doe·nAy,”38 and to set the loaves back down immediately for the remainder of the blessing.39 Keep your hands on the loaves. After saying amen, everyone should be careful not to speak, until swallowing40 some of the bread41 cut by the leader.42

Those listening, but not the one saying the blessing, say: Amen. A·mEn. ÆÔÓÕ ‡À

6 Remove the bottom44 loaf We remove the challah from under the cover, from under the cover and2017 Jonathannot the cover G. Bressel from over - theAll challahrights ,reserved because the cut off a slice.  desert manna was removed from under its wrap- ping of dew.45 During the daytime meals take the top loaf instead.46 Some cut both loaves at each meal.47

Who extracted bread from the land: On the contrary, wheat, not bread, grows from the ground. This surprising choice of words suggests that even our participation in the creation of bread is part of God’s creation, and we are thus partners in God’s creation.48 Alternatively, this hints back to the Garden of Eden when bread truly did grow on trees, and forward to when our improved moral status will once again cause bread to grow on trees.49

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright BLESSING ON BREAD

Eat some of the slice.50 Some dip the slice in salt before eating it,51 for at least 7 three reasons. First, in the past dough was not always flavored with salt, and therefore bread tasted much better with a sprinkle of salt.52 People honored the blessing on bread by dipping the bread in salt to ensure that it was said on the tastiest possible bread.53 Second, bread ( ÏÁÌ ) and salt ( ÓÏÁ ) share the same gematria.54 Bread represents mercy, while salt represents strict judgement. Dipping the bread in salt symbolizes overpower- ing strict judgement with mercy.55 Jewish mysticism says to dip three times.56 The gematria value of God’s name ( È‰Â‰ ) is 26, which multiplied by three becomes 78, the gematria ÓÏÁ 57 value of salt ( ). Thus, dipping three times symbolizes sweetening the caustic nature FridayNight of salt with God’s merciful name.58 Third, eating salt by itself can be damaging, yet salt is good for flavoring food. So too, eating bread solely to satisfy one’s desires can be damaging, yet eating to regain strength to serve God is good. Eating food can be thought of as flavoring of our service of God. Therefore, we flavor the bread with salt to remind us of this lesson.59 If you are on a salt-free diet, there is no need to eat the salt.60 However, it is still good to have salt at the table,61 for at least two reasons. First, salt symbolizes stability.62 It com- prises two highly reactive, even explosive elements, sodium and chlorine, yet salt itself is balanced and stable.63 It itself never decays,64 and when used as a preservative, it prevents food from rotting.65 Used in appropriate measure, it maintains life; in large amounts, it sterilizes.66 Because of salt’s inherent stability, God calls salt His covenant,67 and refers to His covenant with the Jewish people as one of salt,68 implying that God’s covenant with the Jewish people is eternal, and never changing. We put salt on the table as a reminder that no matter where we are and no matter what we are doing, our covenant with God is always intact and unchanging.69 Second, when the Holy Temple was still standing, a person’s deeds could be repaired through a sincere offering at the altar in the Holy Temple. Today, with the Holy Temple destroyed, our dining table replaces the altar70 and our offering at the table can take at least three forms: feeding the poor2017,71 discussing Jonathan Torah G. ,Bressel72 and simply - All eating rights to reserved nourish ourselves so that we are strong and healthy to serve God through His commandments.73 We put salt on the table because all offerings on the altar in the Holy Temple were salted.74

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright TREASURE OF SHABBAT: AN ILLUMINATED GUIDE TO THE SHABBAT TABLE EXPERIENCE

8 Cut more slices and pass them Give a slice to your spouse first.75 around the table for everyone to eat. Do not toss the slices.76 Because we are extremely dependent on food, we are careful not to damage it.77 As the basic foodstuff of humanity, bread gets the additional honor that we avoid degrading bread through throwing,78 even in a way that will not damage it.79 Moreover, throwing the bread could show a lack of respect for the blessing that we just said on it.80 Do not pass the slice of bread directly into a person’s hand, rather place it nearby for the person to pick up. This is because on weekdays, if there is a mourner at the table, the person saying the blessing on bread places a slice of bread into the hand of the mourner.81 By reaching out a hand to receive from others, the mourner demonstrates feelings of impoverishment over loss of the deceased.82 We therefore avoid placing the slice of bread into the hand of one who is not mourning, because such a gesture could be perceived as wishing the person bad luck.83 On Shabbat even the mourner does not receive the slice in his hand, because public display of mourning on Shabbat is forbidden,84 or because acting impoverished is antithetical to Shabbat which bestows material blessings.85 Some have a special basket or plate which the leader fills to pass around the table.

he miracle of the production of food. As much as we will concentrate on this great phenomenon, we can never fully express enough ad- Tmiration for the miracles of food. How is it possible for a seed planted in the earth to produce a challah? One seed produces an entire challah. How can that one seed have the wisdom, the acumen, the ability, the apparatus, to assemble the carbon dioxide from the air and certain materials from the earth and produce starches? How many processes are required before the carbon dioxide of the air is able by means of sunshine and chlorophyll to form starches? And how are these starches processed in such a manner that now on the table is a beautiful challah baked for us?

— Avigdor Miller86

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright

BLESSING ON BREAD FridayNight

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright SATURDAY MORNING

kiddush 99 washing the hands & blessing on bread 111 the meal 113 songs 117 the source of all blessing 119 this day is honored 127 if i will guard shabbat 133 a day of rest 139 will call freedom 145 blessing after the meal 149

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright TREASURE OF SHABBAT: AN ILLUMINATED GUIDE TO THE SHABBAT TABLE EXPERIENCE

ur house was close to the synagogue, and “Reb Leibeh” was fa- mous in Kiev for his hospitality; so it was inevitable that elderly Jews, Owidowers, widows, and old couples flocked to us on Shabbos. Mama would put an enormous pot of cholent in the oven every Friday in readiness for the crowd. They would come on foot from as far as three miles away, come rain or shine or snow, just to pray in the synagogue. Some had homes and families to return to, and some did not. Those unfortunates were our guests. A plate of cholent and a bit of Judaism, Kiddush and a few words about the week’s Torah reading revived their flagging spirits and made Shabbos once again a delight for them when they had despaired of ever being happy again… Every Shabbos morning “our Jews” came trudging down the street, tired after their long walk. Those who were a few minutes early for praying would stop in for a hot cup of tea to revive them. After prayers came the long, long meal, more Torah than eating, and then three or four hours of study all together around the long table. Then afternoon prayers at the synagogue, and back home again, where Mama had shalosh seudos ready. After this third Shabbos meal it was Torah study with Papa again until the evening, when after prayers and Havdalah the buses would carry them home, wistful and already dream- ing of next Shabbos. I would spend most of the day curled up in a corner, devouring every word that was said. This was my higher education in Judaism, and took the place of the [Jewish] school we didn’t have. And the glow of that Torah I learned on those Shabbos afternoons still keeps me warm today. We had an unspoken rule that each guest should bring with him something to say about the weekly Torah reading. As I grew older I was “accepted into the club,” not just content with listening any more but also contributing my own piece of Torah each Shabbos. We ran our “Shabbos hostel” for many years, without funding and without ever charging a penny. You 2017may well Jonathan ask how G. we Bressel managed - All to rights do it. reserved In Russia, even on what people refer to as “a good salary” it’s hard to get through the month, and we were far from being well off. Papa earned a bit by repairing and restoring straw mattresses, and there was the government pension for bereaved parents of World War II, and that was that… We skimped and scraped through the month with never a penny to spare. All the same, never once did we ask ourselves whether or not we could actually afford to take in a guest or guests. No one ever found our door closed, or left our house hungry, neither on Shabbos nor on a weekday.

— Basyah Barg1

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the meal SaturdayMorning

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n small european towns, Jews did not own ovens suitable for keeping cholent warm for the entire Shabbos. The town baker, though, had a very Ilarge oven for baking cakes, bread, and challahs. On Friday afternoon, everyone came to the bakery with his cholent pot. The baker shoveled pot after pot into the oven, where they remained piping hot until Shabbos morning… On their way home from synagogue on Shabbos morning, the men would stop at the bakery to claim their pots of cholent. In small towns, everyone recognized and retrieved his own pot, while in the larger towns, the bakery became a checkroom. Before Shabbos, the baker gave each man a number, pasting the same number on his pot. When people arrived to claim their cholent, they would hand their number to the baker, who then searched through all the pots until he found the one with the corresponding number.

— Devora Gliksman2

t was a dreary friday morning in winter. The phone rang. I answered. “How do you make cholent?” she wanted to know. And the question brought Itears to my eyes. “Mazal tov,” I responded and proceeded to give her the recipe, both of us aware, of course, that the precise measurement of beans had little to do with the dish. It was what would lay beneath the food which counted. You see, this, her first cholent, would symbolize her decision to embrace the shomer Shabbos world. With this pot of beans she would say to herself and Klal Yisrael that henceforth she would no longer light a fire on Shabbos — that she needed a recipe for a meal which would cook all night because she had taken this significant step. And she wanted to let me know. Just as I had wanted to let someone else know when I was ready for a pot of cholent. Back then, some four years ago, in that time before the classes and the courses, before the conversations,2017 Jonathan the study G. and Bressel the practice,- All rights back reserved when I leaned heavily on someone else, I, too, called for recipes. And there was someone who answered. There was a woman who understood more than my sur- face questions, an individual who led me gently through the maze of rituals, who gave me confidence. There was one woman in particular who introduced me to blechs and bentchers, to the concept of Shabbos. And it was she who gave me my first taste of cholent. So I cried when I received the call. I cried with joy at the evidence of con- tinuity — at a heritage which dates back three thousand years.

— Anna Gotlieb3

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright THE MEAL

Shabbat culinary traditions vary. Below is a typical menu, which can be replaced with whatever you find most enjoyable. Although only bread is necessary, we traditionally celebrate by adding the best food that we can afford. Between courses, and even during the courses, you can sing songs (see following pages), speak about the Torah, and so- cialize with family and friends. Be sure to start by complimenting the chef. Although cooking is a creative activity forbidden on Shabbat, hot food for this meal is prepared via special methods permissible on Shabbat.4 The meal ends with saturday morning blessing after the meal.

Sample Menu Cholent is a much-loved Shabbat treat, a sim- mering stew, typically containing meat, po- • Fish with appetizers & a variety of salads tatoes, fried onions, barley, beans, and season- • Chicken, meat or coldcuts ing. It is placed on a small covered fire or hot

• Hot cholent plate well before Shabbat begins, and left to SaturdayMorning • Dessert simmer unattended overnight. It is then eaten hot for Saturday lunch. Its name seems to de- rive from the French chaud (hot) + lent (slow).5 Cooking is considered creative work that is prohibited on Shabbat,6 and cholent is a direct response to these circumstances of Shabbat.7 Called cholent in Eastern Europe, schena in Morocco, tbit in Iraq, hetteh in Kurdestan and hmin in Yemen,8 it is a hot meal on Shabbat without cooking on Shabbat. It is actually a mitzvah to set up cholent on Friday afternoon in order to have hot food to eat on Saturday morning if possible,9 because it adds honor and pleasure to Shabbat observance.10 Cholent is also a symbol of victory in a philosophical battle waged2017 be- Jonathan G. Bressel - All rights reserved tween Judaism and the Karites many centuries ago. The Karites misunder- stood the Torah prohibition against lighting a flame on Shabbat, extending it to forbid benefiting from an already existing flame on Shabbat. They sat in the dark and ate only cold food on Shabbat. This attack against the beauty and pleasure of Shabbat was vehe- mently opposed by the Jewish people of the time. Some explain that even today eating cholent is an important expression of Jewish philosophy and Jew- ish identity.11

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright SATURDAY AFTERNOON

washing the hands & blessing on bread 153 the meal 155 songs 159 prepare the meal 161 a song of david 165 the spirit’s beloved one 167 blessing after the meal 171

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164

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright SONGS

a song of david

This song was written by King David in the book of Psalms.46 Its letters number 227,47 which equals the gematria value of the word bracha (blessing). This equation is quite fitting, because the psalm speaks of trust in God and of His bestowing life’s blessings. Because repeating something three times reinforces it, many sing this song three times in order to receive a triple blessing.48

A song of David: meez·moer l’dA·veed: ÏŸÂ@œ∫„ ¯«ÓÊŸ Óœ Our [eternal] Master a·doe·nAy ‰Â‰È is my Shepherd, roe·ee, ¨ÈÚ]œ I will not lack. loe ech·sAr. ‡ŒÁŸÒÀÆ¯ ‡¿ In a meadow49 been·oeT de·she cŒ÷Œ‡ ˙«‡ aœŸ He will lay me down to rest,50 yar·bee·tsE·nee, ,Èœ ˆÈÕ aYœ ÈÃ by calm51 waters al mE m’noo·choeT ˙«Á»ÓŸ ÈÓÕ ÏÚÃ He will lead52 me. y’na·ha·lE·nee. ÆÈœ ÏÕ ‰⁄ Ã ÈŸ My spirit will rest,53 naf·shee y’shoe·vEv, , ÈŸ·«÷Õ· È ÃÙŸ÷œ He will lead54 me yan·chE·nee œÈ ÁÕ Ÿ ÈÃ on the level path,55 v’ma·g’lE tse·dek, , ˆŒ˜C È ·ŸÓÃÚŸbŸÏÕ

for the sake of His name. l’ma·an sh’moe. ÷ŸÆ«Ó Ô ÏŸÓÃÚÃ SaturdayAfternoon

A song of David: Literally, “A song to David,” a song whose purpose was to bring divine inspiration to David.56 2017 Jonathan G. Bressel - All rights reserved my Shepherd: Our trust in God is compared to the unquestioning trust that a sheep has in its benevolent shepherd.57 He will lay me down to rest: Sometimes the sheep wants to move elsewhere, but the shepherd forces it to stay put, because the sheep is sitting in good pasture.58 by calm waters He will lead me: Sometimes the sheep wants to stay put, but the shepherd forces it to move elsewhere where there is good water to drink after eating. So it is with us that God sometimes sees us in a bad situation and extracts us to a better situation. We, who can not perceive the full truth, often protest and lament our fate, but in the end we realize how good it was for us.59 on the level path: Alternatively, “on the roundabout path of righteousness.” God leads me on a roundabout path, such that at the beginning I cannot see the end. Nonethe- less, I trust that the roundabout will lead me the right way.60 for the sake of His name: All of this advertises God’s name throughout the world as a good and merciful shepherd who is unparalleled.61

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Even if I were to go gam kee E·lEch ‡ÕÏÕ_ Èkœ ÌbÃ through the valley62 of b’gE ‡È‚Õ aŸ the shadow of death,63 tsal·mA·veT, ,˙ÂŒÓÀ ÏŸ ˆÃ I would not fear evil, loe ee·rA rA, ,ÚT ‡TÈ‡œ ‡¿ for You are with me. kee a·tA ee·mA·dee. ÚœnÀÆÈD ‰ ‡ÃzÀ Èkœ Your correction64 rod sheev·t’chA ËŸ^ ·Ÿ ÷œ and Your support, oo·meesh·an·te·chA, zŒ^ Ÿ ÚÃ ÷Ÿ Ó»œ they comfort me.65 hE·mA y’na·cha·moo·nee. ÈŸÃÁ⁄Ó‹pœÆÈ ‰ ‰ÕnÀ You will set before me a table ta·a·roech l’fA·nay shool·chAn ÷‹ÏŸÁÀÔ È ÏŸÙÀÃ _] zÃÚ⁄ opposite my enemies.66 ne·ged tsoe·r’rAy. ›ÆÈTYˆ „ Œ‚Œ You have anointed dee·shan·tA zÀ Ÿ ÷Ã cœ my head with oil, va·she·men roe·shee, , ÷‡]œÈ Ô ·ÃgŒÓŒ my cup is [filled to] satisfaction.67 koe·see r’vA·yA. ÂYÀÈÀÆ‰ ÈÒ«kœ Nothing but goodness ach toev ·«Ë _‡Ã and kindness will pursue me vA·che·sed yeer·d’foo·nee ÈœcYŸ»ÙœÈ „ ÂÀÁŒÒŒ all the days of my life, kAl y’mE cha·yAy, , ÁÃiÀÈ È ÈŸÓÕ ÏkÀ and I will sit in the house of v’shav·tee b’vET aŸ·Õ˙È È ÂŸ÷Ã·Ÿzœ our [eternal] Master a·doe·nAy ‰Â‰È for the length of days. l’oe·rech yA·meem. ÈÀÓœÆÌÈ _W ÏŸ‡›

Even if I were to go through the valley of the shadow of death, I would not fear evil, for You are with me: Some events, even in the end, can not be construed as good, only as bad. Even these can be beneficial because they help me to get closer to God.68 Your correction rod and Your support, they comfort me: There are two types of rods, one used to correct behavior —2017 a chastising Jonathan rod G.— andBressel one used - All to rights lean on reserved — a cane. Together, the two of them comfort me,69 telling me that You have not abandoned me to chance.70 I am comforted by recalling that in the past, even when You punished me with Your correction rod, nevertheless You ultimately supported me.71 This tells me that Your correction of me is not for revenge, but rather to help me mend my errant ways.72 Alter- natively, “Your guidance and Your support, they comfort me.”73 Alternatively, “Your correction rod and Your club.” You keep me on the right path with Your correction rod and You deflect all danger from me with Your club.74 You will set before me a table: Of kingship,75 or of delicacies.76 God’s setting a table represents the processes of nature that bring food to our table.77 King David always viewed his eating at his own table as if he were eating at God’s table.78 opposite my enemies: My enemies will see it.79 Alternatively, “even though I have enemies.”80 You have anointed my head with oil: You have crowned me king.81 my cup: My portion.82

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havdallah 175

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright BLESSING AFTER THE MEAL

introduction 191 a song of ascents 193 washing the hands 197 blessing after the meal 201 addition for festivals 243 addition for chanukah 249 addition for purim 255 invitation after a wedding meal 259 seven blessings after a wedding meal 265 song for a circumcision meal 277 invitation after a circumcision meal 285 addition for a circumcision meal 291

Sampler 20171022 - Copyright FOOD BLESSINGS

introduction 303 blessings before food 305 blessing on grain products 307 blessing on grape wine or grape juice 309 blessing on fruit 311 blessing on vegetables 313 blessing on everything else 315 blessings after food 317 special foods blessing 318 regular foods blessing 326

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright pronunciation guide

Most Hebrew in this book is accompanied by linear translation and transliteration. The table below shows the transliteration conventions used for vowels and non-obvious consonants. There are many Hebrew pronunciation systems in practice today. This book provides a novel method for allowing you to choose between today’s two predominant systems. Three special letters (A, E, & T) have a small circle below them. If you want to read according to today’s spoken Hebrew and most Sephardic traditions, ignore the small circle. If instead you want to read according to most Ashkenazic traditions, adjust your reading of the three special letters according to the transliteration table below. Please note that transliteration is only an approximation. Perfect pronunciation comes by imitating spoken language. Furthermore, correct pronunciation is rare, even with seasoned speakers, especially in songs, where the needs of tune and rhyme often win out. In Hebrew the emphasis of a word is usually on its last syllable. Exceptions in the text are shown with the emphasized syllable in bold.

Hebrew Transliteration Modern spoken Hebrew Differences symbol symbol & most for most Sephardic traditions Ashkenazic traditions

‡Ã or ‡⁄ a as in papa ‡À or ‡ﬂ A same as a as in ball ‡Œ or ‡¤ e 2017 Jonathanas in be dG. Bressel - All rights reserved ‡Õ E  same as e as in grey È‡ or ‡œ ee as in see »‡ or ‡‹ oo as in boo «‡ or ‡› oe as in toe ‡Ÿ ’ as the i in big

˙ T t s Á or Î or Í ch a mix of k and h, as in the Scottish word loch or the German name Bach

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright glossary

Ashkenazic Jewry: one of two major di- Holy Temple: a building complex in visions of modern Jewry, with differing Jerusalem through which God’s Divine customs emanating from separate geo- Presence dwells amid the Jewish people. graphic locations during the last several increased soul: each person receives an in- hundred years. The other major division creased soul on Shabbat to accommodate is Sephardic Jewry. the day’s increased pleasures1 and to bar mitzvah: a boy who has become obli- achieve greater wisdom.2 Everything in this gated in Jewish observance, by virtue of world was created for the pleasure of the turning thirteen years of age. Also refers soul on the seventh day.3 to a celebration thereof. Jewish adult: a male at least thirteen years bencher: blessing & song booklet. old or a female at least twelve years old.4 blech: device to keep food hot on Shab- kallah: bride. bat. kapota: a long jacket, typically worn by bris, brit milah: circumcision covenant. Chassidic Jews. chasan: groom. kiddushin: betrothal. Chassidim: plural of Chassid, a member Klal Yisrael: the Jewish people. of a Jewish movement called Chassidus, Kohanim: plural of Kohen, a Jew assigned which advocates serving God with reli- extra religious responsibilities by God, by gious fervor. Chassidus was founded in the virtue of being a descendent of Moses’s eighteenth century and remains strong brother Aharon.5 These responsibilities in- and vibrant today. cluded daily operation of the Holy Temple. cholent: see saturday morning meal. kosher: literally, “straight” or “correct.”6 chuppah: wedding canopy. Typically refers to food that fulfills the re- dacha: Russian country home.2017 Jonathanquirements G. Bressel of the - All Jewish rights dietary reserved laws. davening: praying.  Packaged food is kosher if labeled with the devar Torah: a discourse about some as- symbol of a reliable Jewish organization pect of Torah. dedicated to kosher supervision. distaff: a staff (rod) used to hold wool for kugel: thick casserole. spinning. Leviim: plural of Levy, a Jew assigned ex- Eishes Chayil: woman of valor. tra religious responsibilities by God, by Eretz Yisrael: the land of Israel. virtue of being a descendent of Levy, son gefilte fish: see friday night meal. of Jacob.7 gematria: a mathematical concept of Jew- lokshen: noodles. ish mysticism that assigns numerical val- manna: see friday night kiddush, step ues to each letter of the Hebrew alphabet 1. and to the words composed by them. mechitzah: divider between men and hamantashen: triangular, fruit filled cook- women at public functions. ies, eaten on Purim.

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright Megillah: Scroll. The Scroll of Esther is Purim seudah: festive Purim meal. read on Purim. It recounts the miraculous Shalosh Seudos: the third Shabbat meal. events of the original Purim story. See saturday afternoon meal. menorah: a seven-lamped candelabra lit sheva berachos: seven blessings after a daily in the Holy Temple.8 wedding meal. minyan: quorum for public prayer. shomer Shabbos: Shabbat observant. mishloach manos: Sending portions. The shtreimel: Jewish religious head covering, mitzvah of sending gifts of food to one’s typically of Chassidic Jews. fellow on Purim. shul: synagogue. mitzvah: (pl. mitzvot) commandment, spindle: wheel used for spinning. good deed. spinning: the process of turning raw wool mohel: one who circumcises. into wool thread. peyos: side locks worn by some Jews. tehillim: Psalms. tichel: kerchief.

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright photo credits

AR Agricultural Research Service LK Laib Kaplan (ARS), USDA NG Nosson Goldfarb AS Ablestock NO National Oceanic & Atmospheric AU Author (Jonathan G. Bressel) Administration (NOAA) AY Alexey Sergeev NR Natural Resources Conservation BL Bureau of Land Management Service (NRCS), USDA BS Courtesy of Bethlehem Steel NS National Aeronautics & Space CA Clipart.com Administration (NASA) CF California Fig Advisory Board PB Pixabay, CC0 Public Domain CO Corel PC Pomegranate Council DS Digital Stock PD PhotoDisc ES Earth Sciences and Image PJ PicJew Analysis Laboratory, PN PNNL NASA Johnson Space Center PW PikiWiki eol.jsc.nasa.gov RZ Robert Zakon, FL Fotolia www.RobertZakon.com FP Flickr, public domain SC Classical Judaica FR Flickr, attribution license Photo Collection I CD, FS Freestockphotos Sweetchild Software GL GlobalStar SX Stock.XCHNG, SXC.HU GP Government Press Office Israel SW Sandi Wilson, GS Goddard Space Flight Center, Sandi Wilson Photography Space Telescope Science2017 Institute JonathanUS G.United Bressel States - All Department rights reserved of IA Image After  Agriculture (USDA) JP Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) WR Wendell Roy, JR Jacklyn Ryrie W.K.R. Designs, LB Ernest Orlando Lawrence Vancouver, Canada, Berkeley National Laboratory www.wkrdesigns.com LC Library of Congress YE Yad Ezra ViShulamit

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright cover friday night washing the hands FP 22185426583 Image Catalog wave: AS, Israel Banyas waterfall: FL 33482713 v_blinov, washing cup: SC friday afternoon 100 candles: PJ 12960 friday night blessing on bread friday afternoon candle lighting challah: JR, knife & cutting board: SC candle montage: FR slgckgc, candela- 20, braiding: CA, field: FR Greg Knapp, bra: FL 33349837 Chris Brignell salt baskets: CO 629025, challah: FR Rebecca Siegel (grongar), challah: FR friday night Rebecca Siegel (grongar) challah: PJ 13175 friday night the meal friday night shabbat angels dining room: CO 31069, rainbow Jerusalem sunset: FL 8714642 Irena trout: FR 25074386525 Aqua Me- Kofman, Santa Clarista sunset: FL chanical, fish montage: AU, using 21789739445 Jeff Turner (counterclockwise spiral starting top left) NO reef 2117 Mr. Mohammed Al friday night woman of valor Momany, Aqaba, Jordan (three slots); flowers: NG, vineyard: FR Chris NO reef 2123; NO reef 2022; FL Devaraj, vineyard: FR Chris Devaraj, 14767706 frantisek hojdysz (three loom: FR Ruth Temple, stairs: FL slots); CA; NO reef 2043; NO reef 5797685 bastan, kitchen: FL 27580193 2050 Mr. Mohammed Al Momany, pics721 Aqaba, Jordan; FL 3595039 Olga Khoroshunova friday night blessing the children geese: CO 94056, room: FR friday night songs 7109475851 Bill Wilson Sunset: FR 26661570680 USFWS 2017 JonathanMountain-Prarie G. Bressel Tom - All Koerner, rights reserved galaxies: friday night kiddush  FP 22185426583 Image Catalog, whale wine montage: FL 21258541 luca tail: CO 479063, stacked chocolate: FR fabbian, goblet: SC 86, challah: JR, 8272691606 Gary Knight, brownies: challah cover: SC 17, goblet: SC 86, FR 4448807631 JeffreyW, flower: FR earth: NS apollo17, planets: FR Image 19868605489 Micolo J, ring: AU, Editor (based on JP PIA 10231), clock: flowers: NG, garden: CO 131072, rose: FR Alex Brown (alexbrn), grape vine: AU, dessert buffet: NG, dessert buffet: CO 157090, decanter: SC 207, grapes: FL 48637 Rohit Seth, rose frosting: FL PD Food & Dining 12025, pyramids: 7171332 Elnur, challah: FR Rebecca LC 15916, wine montage: FL Siegel (grongar), Moshav Nahalal: PW 35145470 antos74 14673 Kfir Fatchi, dinner plate: CO 569041, wave: CO 312043, buffalo: CO 739063, geese: PB 350290 258817, lightning: CO 479074, freighter: FL

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14438632 Roman Sigaev, lighthouse: 1780895 Ackley Road Photos, dove: FL AS, flower closeup: SX gun, mother and 24304823 haveseen, Mt. Sinai: SX lamb: SX 1314438 Eran Chesnutt, 1410475 Richard Gately, lamb: CA, couch: FR Sarah Ackerman vineyard montage: FL 29940277 antos74, Jerusalem forest pines: AU friday night blessing after the meal saturday morning fruit: FL 9738287 inacio pires blessing after the meal fruit: FL 1282129 gandolf saturday morning grapes on vine: FR Robert Verzo (verzo) saturday afternoon sunset in Santa Clarita, California: FR saturday morning kiddush Jeff Turner (respres) decanter: SC 13, glass of wine: PD Food & Dining 12026, Israel landscape: FL saturday afternoon 22235559 Eve81, scenic chair: FL washing the hands 23433038 goldsaint, galaxies: GS GPN- & blessing on bread 2000-000912, grapes: AR 7721-3 challah: FR vidallia_11, Israel Banyas waterfall: FL 24969648 Alexey Pavluts saturday morning washing the hands saturday afternoon the meal & blessing on bread sunset: FR 22082245910 Bureau of waterfall: CO 680086 Land Management Bob Wick, park benches: FL 11209621 S. Mohr saturday morning the meal Photography, set table: DS Architecture set table: DS Architecture & Real Estate & Real Estate 056 059, flowers: FR 16938892686 Micolo J, cholent pot: CO 333034 saturday afternoon songs 2017 JonathanJerusalem G. Bressel sunset: - AU,All rights light shining reserved on saturday morning songs ocean: CO 36094b, nutshell: SX flower: AU, arch of Titus: FR Andy Hay, 1148050 Krzysztof Szkurlatowski wine montage: FL 17504402 Jean-Luc (hisks) 12frames.eu, sheep grazing: FR GIROLET, chocolate strawberries: FR Lancashire Country Council, sheep 3345154686 Gary Knight, Israel vista: closeup: PD 19267, running: PB FR James Emory (hoyasmeg), sunrise in 1485110 Sarun Ador, honeycomb: FL tree: CO 482048, candles on table: CO 18283423 Yuriy Afonkin, light shining 31018, food baskets for the poor: YE, on Jerusalem lake: AU hammock: FR Auslandsoesterreicherflickraccountinhaber, saturday afternoon dessert buffet: NG, flowers & moun- blessing after the meal tains: CO 603085, deer: CO 159067, chocolate: FL 32736424 Maksim bread: FR Karen, chicken dinner: CO Shebeko 587017, dove: AU, dove: AU, dove: FL

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright PHOTO CREDITS

saturday night Hermon Israel: FL 13713236 Kristina galaxies: FP 22185426583 Image Afanasyeva, pyramids: LC 15914, Rosh Catalog Hanikra Israel: FR David King (david55king), Israel vista: FL saturday night havdallah 23073739 andreypankovskiy, Israel wine montage: FL 30243101 antos74, valley: GP D965-012 111571, Jerusa- cinnamon sticks: FR Pinkstock Photos, lem Old City stone walkway: FL holmium-165 collision: LB 96703366 25973568 slavapolo, food warehouse: XBD9607-03366, wine with bottle: FL FR Nick Saltmarsh, hammock: PD 15809375 inacio pires, spice boxes: FL Home Comforts SS43051, Jerusalem 16429002 Photosani, iron casting: BS view from Mt. of Olives: AY 227-27, Western wall: FR Kudumomo, park blessing after the meal bench: FL 25459697 Elina, table with cupcakes: FR Patricia Guzman-Moreno chandelier: DS Architecture & Real (GourmetPattycakes) Estate 057, lit home: PN, Shabbat candles: FL 5605647 Scott Latham, blessing after the meal moon: CA, synagogue flowers: PJ introduction 10182, honey: AR k7240-6, four braided bread: FL 26013984 soleg species: SC 168, redwood trees: CO 48094, butterfly lifecycle: FL 12514430 blessing after the meal JPS, castle: FR Allie Caulfield a song of ascents Israel vista: FL 30532511 Eve81, stairs: blessing after the meal FL 34917949 boycottfotolia.org addition for festivals matza: AU, moon eclipse: FL 3341466 blessing after the meal Rafael Ben-Ari, matza: SC 111, washing the hands synagogue flowers: PJ 10182, four waterfall: FR xlibber, salt evaporation species: SC 168, torah scrolls: CO trays: FR Esteban Maringolo 2017 Jonathan122020, G. honey:Bressel AR - k7240-6All rights reserved (eMaringolo), washing cup: SC 94, waterfall: CO 625085, waterfall: CO blessing after the meal 660067 addition for chanukah menorah: FR Andrew Ralto (Andydr), blessing after the meal menorah: FL 21244467 spe, dreidel: SC chocolates: FL 28174672 Marco Mayer, 62, menorah: SC 33, menorah: SC 36, chocolate sticks: SX 195839 Nik Frey menorah: PJ 2469 (niksan), moose in snow: FR 6001422694 bm.Iphone, deer: FL blessing after the meal 9786109 Wild Geese, drinking moose addition for purim beneath Teton range: RZ, standing purim cookies (hamentashin): FL moose: FR 14350810178 USFWS 18266690 Elzbieta Sekowska, grogger: Mountain-Prarie Tom Koerner, Tiberias SC 120, megillah scroll: SC 116 Israel: FL 25865545 voddol, Mt.

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blessing after the meal food blessings invitation after a wedding meal blessings before food roses: FR Kat Clay, chuppah: SW apple basket: FL 9298187, combines: US, wine montage: FL 11679183 blessing after the meal Dusan Zidar, wine tasting room: DS seven blessings ARE0044H, fruit: FL 25663258 after a wedding meal Robert Keenan, spilling apple basket: matching glasses: FL 23318937 Denis FL 25867429 Subbotina Anna, Tabler, chuppah: SW, chuppah bou- vegetable salad: FL 4812961 Jacek quet: WR, Jerusalem panorama from Chabraszewski, water pitcher: PD Mt. of Olives: FR Julien Menichini, Home Comforts SS43099 chuppah: WR, Jerusalem Old City archway: FR David King (david55king) food blessings blessings after food blessing after the meal date tree: AU, montage: AU using song for a circumcision meal (counterclockwise sprial starting top Sinai Peninsula: ES STS040-78-88, left) AR k7219-1; CA; CF; IA; PD tzitzit: FR Chajm Guski, sunset: BL Contemporary Cuisine 30288; AR Arizona CD7049 Lynn Chamberlain, k7721-7; GL; PC, montage: AU using tefillin: AU (counterclockwise starting top left) PC; AR k5141-4; AR 7721-3; PD Food & blessing after the meal Dining 12028; AU; FS; NR Arizona Jeff invitation for a circumcision meal Vanuga, Jerusalem Old City walls: FR circumcision chair: PJ 11538, light- David King (david55king), fruit: FR house: SX D. Carlton, lighthouse: FR Frank Kovalchek (AlaskanDude), yeowatzup Shabbat candles: FL 5605647 Scott Latham, moon: CA, matza: SC 111, blessing after the meal synagogue flowers: PJ 10182, four addition for a circumcision2017 meal Jonathanspecies: G. Bressel SC 168, -torah All rights scrolls: reserved CO iceberg: FL 2811022827 Jeff Mikels, 122020, honey: AR k7240-6, vineyard bookstore: PJ 9392, synagogue in Tomb grapes: FR 3087659344 Justus Hayes of Rachel: PJ 19754, circumcision chair: Shoes on Wires, water pitcher: SX PJ 23769, circumcision chair: PJ 2646, 1337398 Roger Kirby (theswedish) circumcision chair: LK & AU pronunciation guide food blessings letters: FL 11165779 Photosani stacked chocolate: FR Gary Knight

food blessings introduction peaches: AR k5632-2

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright colophon

English text was set in Adobe Garamond under license from Adobe Systems. English transliteration text was set in ITC Garamond under license from Adobe Systems, with additional symbols added using Macromedia Fontographer 4.1. Hebrew text was set in Frank Ruhel under license from Panergy. Hebrew text in electronic form, originally in Kivun Software Dagesh format, was provided courtesy of Torah Educational Software, www.jewishsoftware.com. Translit- eration text was generated automatically using a Microsoft Word macro and an Adobe PageMaker script developed by the author. Manuscript was originally written in Hebrew Microsoft Word on a Pentium 90MHz PC dual-booting Windows95 and Windows95 Hebrew Enabled. Layout began in Adobe PageMaker 6.5 English on a PC and moved to Adobe PageMaker 6.5 ME He- brew on an upgraded PowerMac 6100/60AV Mac running OS 8.5. The final platform was a G3 Lombard Powerbook running OS 9.2.1. Endnote reference sequencing was maintained using NoteMaker, the author’s reference note renumbering script running under PageMaker. Endnotes contents were maintained in Microsoft Word before being imported into PageMaker, after which they were maintained by PageMaker scripts developed by the author. Notes column headers and index continued lines were generated by PageMaker scripts developed by the author. Photographs were corrected and fitted using Adobe Photoshop 5.5. Postscript was distilled to PDF using Ghostscript 9.20.

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how to use this book introduction introduction

1 For preference of Hebrew over 1 Beitza 16a 15 Mishna Shabbos 73a as English, see Mishna Berura 62:3 2 Medrash Sochar Tov Psalms explicated by Shabbos 75b 2 Ran beginning of Nedarim 92 16 Ideas expressed in James 3 Beur Halacha 62 ÈÎÂÏ 3 Chafetz Chaim in Beis Kugel, On Being a Jew, 4 Rav Tsadok, Ohr Zaruah Yisroel chap. 2. God did not (Baltimore/London: Johns Latzadik, Article on the remove the Shabbat from his Hopkins University Press, Nature of the Holy Language treasure house. Rather, a Jew 1998), pp. 42-44 5 Chagiga 16a, Zohar Exodus who keeps the Shabbat is 17 Heard from Rabbi Yitzchak 129b according to HaSulam lifted above his earthly Adlerstein 6 Zohar Exodus 129b existence of the weekdays and 18 Rabbi Berel Wein, Tape, 7 Korban HaEida and Taklin is ushered into the treasure “The Three Weeks” Chadatin Shekalim 9b ÂÓ„·¯ house itself — a semblance of 19 Heard from Rabbi Yitzchak ‰˜Â„˘ ·Ï˘ÂÔ the world to come (Ohr Adlerstein 8 Genesis Rabba 1:1 Gedalyahu Genesis 6) 20 Sefer HaChinuch 430 9 Jerusalem Megillah 1:9, 4 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape 21 Rashba Chidushei Agados Medrash Tanchuma Noach 19 722 Brachos 7a; Teshuvas 10 Medrash Tanchuma Noach 5 Genesis 1:1-2:3 HaRashba 1:423 and 5:51; 19; Rashi Genesis 2:23, Aruch 6 Rashi Exodus 20:11 based Rabeinu Bachaya Deuterono- HaShulchan 185:3, both on Mechilta chap. 7 my 8:10; Sefer Haikarim based on Genesis Rabba 18:4 7 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape 2:26; Yad HaKetana Al & 31:8. See also Brachos 55a 722 HaRambam beginning of 11 Mishna Berura 62:3 8 Maharal Tiferes Yisroel laws of blessings in Minchas chapter 40, page 122 Ani 2; Rashi Sota 10a ·Ó‰ sample shabbat schedule 9 Chai Adom Shabbos 1:1, ·È¯ÎÂ , Yevamos 63a ·¯Î‰ , Magid Mishna Shabbos Bava Metzia 42a ‰·¯Î‰ ‡ÈÔ , 1 Anna Gotlieb, In Other 30:15, Mechilta Yisro chap. 7 Exodus 16:5, Parables 11:25, Words, (Targum Press, 1999), on Exodus 20:11, Sefer all citing Old French foison, Wednesdays, pp. 27-28 HaChinuch 32 which Targum HaLaaz 10 The Sabbath, page 28. translates as, plenty, abun- list of needed items That2017 Shabbat Jonathan observance G. Bresseldance - All. That rights blessing reserved means involves relinquishing control increase is hinted to by the 1 Retrieved from over nature is hinted at by the gematria values of the letters groups.yahoo.com/neo/ fact that a temporary of the root ( ·¯Î ), which are groups/adailydose/conversa- perturbation of nature does 2, 20, 200, representing tions/messages/51 not constitute a Shabbat increase had when one turns Courtesy of Tradition of violation. Only a permanent into two (Maharal Tiferes Kindness; from their free change counts (see Shabbos Yisroel chapter 34 (p. 99a)) “Daily Dose of Kindness” e- 102b according to Magid 22 Rashi Brachos 11a ·˘Á¯ mails. Explore the world of Mishna Shabbos 9:13) ˘˙ÈÌ Ó·¯Í , Rashi Brachos Jewish kindness and 11 Shabbos 119b by 11b ·¯ÂÍ , Sefer Shorashim subscribe to the “Daily Dose extension Li’Radak ·¯“Í , Chizkuni of Kindness” at their website 12 The Sabbath, p. 29 Genesis 24:27, Ohr Zaruah www.TraditionOfKindness.org 13 See Ohr HaChaim Exodus laws of krias shema 8 citing or e-mail 20:9 Rabbeinu Chananel [email protected] 14 Eglei Tal introduction 23 Sefer HaChinuch 430,

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Avudraham weekday 97a), Kuzari 2:2. For world, see Nefesh HaChaim Morning Prayers, Sefer anthropomorphism in this 2:6 Haikarim 2:26, Teshuvas regard, see Rashi Exodus 38 Sefer HaChinuch 430, HaRashba 1:423 and 5:51, 15:8, 19:18, Nefesh HaChaim Avudraham weekday Kad HaKemach LiRabbeinu 2:2. See also Moreh Nevuchim Morning Prayers Bechaya ·¯Î‰ , Rabeinu 1:26 39 Avudraham weekday Bachaya Deuteronomy 8:10 31 Shulchan Aruch 5:1 Morning Prayers 24 Sefer HaChinuch 430, Kad 32 Shulchan Aruch 5:1 40 Rashba Chidushei Agados HaKemach LiRabbeinu 33 Shulchan Aruch 5:1 Brachos 7a, Kad HaKemach Bechaya ·¯Î‰ , Rabeinu 34 Aruch HaShulchan 167:7- LiRabbeinu Bechaya ·¯Î‰ , Bachaya Deuteronomy 8:10, 8 Rabeinu Bachaya Deuterono- Rambam Yesodei HaTorah 35 Sefer HaChinuch 430 my 8:10, Aruch HaShulchan 1:3, Nefesh HaChaim 2:2 36 Alternatively, “Who 215:4, Maharsha on Rashi 25 Sefer HaChinuch 430, betrothed us,” meaning that Brachos 35b È˘¯‡Ï ÂÎÒ˙ , Teshuvas HaRashba 1:423, by giving us commandments, Nefesh HaChaim 2:4, Kad HaKemach LiRabbeinu God entered into marriage Avudraham weekday Bechaya ·¯Î‰ , Rabeinu with the Jewish people as His Morning Prayers Bachaya Deuteronomy 8:10. bride (Avudraham weekday 41 Maharal Netiv HaAvoda In addition, another meaning Morning Prayers) 14 of the word is “knee,” 37 Mei Nefesh BiSefer Beis 42 Gur Aryeh Leviticus 20:3 suggesting that a blessing Yitzchok on blessing on 43 Shulchan Aruch 124:6 declares our willingness to washing the hands, citing 44 Shulchan Aruch 124:6 “bend our knee” (Rabeinu Eglei Tal Ù“È Ó“· (I cannot 45 Mishna Berura 124:25 Bachaya Deuteronomy 8:10) find latter reference). See 46 Mishna Berura 124:25. in fulfilling God’s will (Hirsch there that the phrase “and The two meanings are Siddur, Horeb 623) or that a commanded us” indicates a summarized in Pri Megadim blessing declares that we are second benefit, one that Eshel Avraham 61:10, 124:10, bent over in gratitude to God comes by virtue of our Mishpetsos Zahav 51:3 for the blessings bestowed on fulfilling the commandment 47 Romo 215:1. For why, see us. (Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape as a 2017commandment Jonathan and G. not BresselAruch -HaShulchan All rights 215:4reserved 636) merely because of its spiritual 48 See note on same concept 26 Based on Michtav nourishment. See there in introduction to friday MeEliyahu vol. 3, p. 82 further an allegory to a king night kiddush 27 Lev Eliyahu Chochma who commanded his servant Umussar p. 300 to eat a delicious food. By friday afternoon 28 Rashi Genesis 2:5 as obeying, the servant gained candle lighting explained by Maharal Gur two benefits: the pleasure of Aryeh the food itself and the king’s 1 Abraham J. Twerski, 29 Maharal Gevuras Hashem satisfaction at having his Generation to Generation, 23 (p. 99b-100a), Tiferes command obeyed. For (Brooklyn, NY: Traditional Yisroel 33 (p. 97a), Netzach discussion and sources Press, 1987), p. 74 Yisroel 9 (p. 58b), Be’er regarding the relationship 2 Abraham J. Twerski, HaGola Fourth Beer (p. 64), between our performance of Generation to Generation, Kuzari 2:2 commandments and God’s (Brooklyn, NY: Traditional 30 Tiferes Yisroel 33 (p. 96b- interest in connecting to the Press, 1987), p. 75

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3 Anna Gotlieb, Between the 16 Mishna Berura 261:23, one and a third hours or 1 Lines (Princeton, New Jersey: 262:11 hour and 20 minutes. In this Bristol, Rhein & Englander, 17 Mishna Berura 261:23. latter case, one and a quarter 1992), The Pictures, p. 212 Lighting is several minutes seasonal hours would be 1 4 Shulchan Aruch 263:2 before sunset in order to hour and 40 minutes, so one 5 Shmirat Shabbat Kihilchota satisfy all opinions (Shmirat could light candles as early as 43:7 Shabbat Kihilchota 43:11, 1 hour and 40 minutes before 6 Shulchan Aruch 263:3. In Mishna Berura 261:23), sunset some homes, all women light including those that the day 18 Shmirat Shabbat Kihilchota their own candles (Aruch ends several minutes before 43:11 HaShulchan 263:7). Some sunset (Shaar HaTziyun 19 Sefer Bein HaShmashos 6:1 limit this to those over three 261:21, Beur Halacha 261 20 Igros Moshe Orach Chaim years of age (Shaarei Halacha ‰˘˜ÈÚ Ó˙ÁÈÏ˙ ). If you want I:96, Ketsos HaShulchan 74:12 Viminhag 138). Yichave Daas to light early, you can light 21 Ben Ish Chai 2 Noach 7, 2:32 forbids saying a blessing, candles as early as (Shulchan Sefer Bein HaShmashos 6:1 but allows girls to light, if they Aruch 267:2, Romo 261:2) 22 MaHaRI Shtaif 1. The want to, after hearing their one and a quarter seasonal reason is to fulfill the opinion mother say the blessing. For hours (Shulchan Aruch 263:4) that night starts several more details and sources, see before sunset (Aruch minutes before sunset The Radiance of Shabbos HaShulchan 261:10, Shmirat 23 Ketsos HaShulchan 74:12 2:2:1:9 Shabbat Kihilchota 43:12:65). and 73 in Badei HaShulchan 7 Shulchan Aruch 263:3. For Before that, it is not clear that 14, Sefer Bein HaShmashos 6:1 another reason, see Zohar the lighting is intended for of 24 Romo 263:10 Genesis 48b and Mishna Shabbat (Shulchan Aruch 25 Mishna Berura 263:45 Berura 263:12 263:4). A seasonal hour varies 26 Mishna Berura 263:2 8 Mishna Berura 263:11 with the season and is one- 27 Askinu Seudasa of Friday 9 Mishna Berura 263:12 twelfth of the time (Romo night 10 Shulchan Aruch 263:2 233:1, Mishna Berura 261:25, 28 Minchas Yaakov BiSiddur 11 Shulchan Aruch HaRav 263:19,2017 267:4)Jonathan from sunriseG. BresselOtzar - All HaTefilos rights on reserved Askinu 263:15, Tehilla LiDavid to sunset (Aruch HaShulchan Seudasa of Friday night 263:7, The Radiance of 261:10, Shmirat Shabbat 29 Shulchan Aruch 263:4, Shabbos 2:5:21 citing Heard Kihilchota 43:12:65). For Rambam Shabbos 30:5 from Rav Moshe Feinstein example, if sunrise is at 30 Meiri Shabbos 25b, 12 The Radiance of Shabbos 6:00AM and sunset is at Shulchan Aruch 263:2, Tosafos 2:5:22 citing Heard from Rav 6:00PM, then there are twelve Shabbos 25b ¯ ‰„Ï˜˙ Moshe Feinstein and others hours between sunrise and ·˘·˙ , Rambam Shabbos 5:1 13 Mishna Berura 261:23 sunset, and a seasonal hour is 31 Shulchan Aruch 263:3, 14 Brachos 2a, Chulin 83a, one twelfth of that, or one Siddura Shel Shabbos Shoresh Ibn Ezra Exodus 16:25, hour. If for example, sunrise is 2:1:8. Without light there is according to the Torah verse, at 4:00AM and sunset is at no peace (Rabbeinu Chananel “It was evening and it was 8:00PM, then there are Shabbos 34a), because a morning, day one” (Genesis sixteen hours between sunrise person bumps into things in 1:5) and sunset, and a seasonal the dark (Rashi Shabbos 25b 15 See introduction hour is one twelfth of that, or ·˘·˙ ¯ ‰„Ï˜˙ ). Moreover,

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sitting in the dark makes a 263:6), or the seven lights of 43: note 51 person sad (Rashi Shabbos the menorah in the Holy 45 Shabbos 23b 23b ·È˙Â ˘ÏÂÌ ). Light makes Temple (Shela Tractate 46 Likutei Moharach distinctions between things, Shabbos, Chapter Torah Ohr 47 Kitzur Shulchan Aruch and by defining boundaries, it 29), or the seven synagogue 75:2 separates objects into their congregants called to read the 48 Mishna Berura 263:40 own domains. It makes peace Torah on Shabbat (Kaf 49 Shulchan Aruch 264:6, by preventing things from HaChaim 263:9); ten candles, Shela Tractate Shabbos Ner colliding physically or symbolizing the Ten Mitzvah. For a discussion of conceptually (Maharal Commandments (Mishna the possible superiority of Chidushei Agados Shabbos Berura 263:6) olive oil over other fuels, see 25b) 38 Shulchan Aruch 263:1, The Radiance of Shabbos 4:1:2 32 Rashi Genesis 24:67 citing Mishna Berura 263:9,22, 50 Shmirat Shabbat Kihilchota Genesis Rabba 60:16 Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 75:2, 43:4 33 Some women follow this Ben Ish Chai 2 Noach 1 51 Romo 263:1 alternative (Yabia Omer 39 Mishna Berura 263:22 52 Shulchan Aruch 264:8 2:16:19) 40 Shulchan Aruch 263:1 53 Mishna Berura 264:26 34 Shmirat Shabbat Kihilchota 41 Exodus 19:8 54 Ben Ish Chai 2 Noach 15 43:note 38 citing Toras 42 Deuteronomy 5:12 55 Darash Moshe Exodus Shabbos 263:7 43 Elya Rabba 263:2. Some 27:21 35 Mishna Berura 263:12, explain that two candles have 56 Shulchan Aruch 250:1 Siddura Shel Shabbos root numerical gematria value of 57 Shulchan Aruch 262:1 2:2:2 500 (2 x ¯ ), which is the sum 58 Shulchan Aruch 242:1 36 Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of the number of body parts 59 Romo 262:3 75:2, Ketsos HaShulchan 74 in of a man (248) and a woman 60 Shulchan Aruch 250:1-2 Badei HaShulchan 19 (he says (252) (Maharil Minhagim 61 Heard from Rabbi Beryl specifically for settlement of Laws of Shabbat, Kaf Gershenfeld based on Meiri land of Israel), Kaf HaChaim HaChaim 263:4, Ben Ish Chai Shabbos 25b 263:34. For reason, see Ben 2 Noach,2017 Elya Jonathan Rabba 263:2). G. Bressel62 Maharal - All Netivosrights Olamreserved Ish Chai 2 Noach. Alterna- This suggests that the mitzvah Netiv HaTorah chapter 16 (p. tively, perhaps reason is based will illuminate all of their 71a) on the principle found in limbs (Ben Ish Chai 2 Noach). 63 Heard from Rabbi Beryl Igeres HaTeshuva LiRabbeinu Some (Kol Bo 24) say that this Gershenfeld Yonah 59 that when donating doubling is in consonance 64 Ben Ish Chai 2 Noach charity, one should pray to with the many other 65 Friday night prayers have good children. Accord- doublings on Shabbat 66 Zohar 48b as explained by ingly, since the end of this (Medrash Sochar Tov Psalms Peirush HaSulam ceremony includes a prayer 92:1), which together reflect 67 Shmirat Shabbat Kihilchota for having good children, it is the inherently double nature 43:30, Romo 263:5. Blocking fitting here to give charity of Shabbat: it has a connec- light with hand is also in 37 Additional customs tion to both this world and Ketsos HaShulchan 74:7 include: seven candles, the world to come (Gur Aryeh 68 Mishna Berura 263:26 symbolizing the seven days of Deuteronomy 5:12) 69 Shulchan Aruch 261:2 the week (Mishna Berura 44 Shmirat Shabbat Kihilchota 70 Mishna Berura 261:21

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friday afternoon friday afternoon shabbat angels candle lighting candle lighting Shabbos 119b È„È‰Ì ÂÓÈÁÈÔ 71 Romo 263:10 Berura 263:2, Magen ¯‡˘Â ÚÏ 72 Exodus 35:3 Avraham 263:11 citing Mateh 8 Heard from Rabbi Beryl 73 Romo 263:5, Mishna Moshe 417 citing Rabeinu Gershenfeld based on ibid Berura 263:27 Bachaya Exodus 19:3 9 Shem MiShmuel ÂÈ¯‡ 677 74 Shmirat Shabbat Kihilchota 84 Zohar Genesis 48b 10 Ta’amei HaMinhagim 903 43:30, Kitzur Hilchos Shabbos 85 Rashi Shabbos 23b ·ÈÌ 11 Sabbath: Day of Eternity p. 1:10, Aruch HaShulchan ÁÎÓÈÌ ˙ÏÓÈ„È , Zohar Genesis 21 263:13, Chai Adom 5:11, 48b 12 Zohar Numbers 176b Beur Halacha 263 ‡Á¯ 86 Zohar Genesis 48b 13 Heard from Deana Bressel ‰ ‰‰„Ï˜ 87 Shabbos 23b, Zohar based on Shaar Bas Rabim 75 Siddur Derech HaChaim Genesis 48b Vayakhel 115b note 7 88 Rabeinu Bachaya Exodus 14 Heard from Deana Bressel 76 Noheg KiTzon Yosef 19:3, Igeres HaTeshuva 15 Likutei Moharach Shabbat 11 (implied) LiRabbeinu Yonah 60 16 Likutei Moharach, 77 Minhag Yisroel Torah 263:7 89 Rabeinu Bachaya Exodus Avudraham on Eliyahu based on Kaf HaChaim 19:3 HaNavi on motzei shabbos, 263:34 90 Rashi Shabbos 23b ·ÈÌ Ta’amei HaMinhagim 426 78 Aruch HaShulchan 263:13, ÁÎÓÈÌ ˙ÏÓÈ„È , Igeres citing Divrei Yechezkel Ketsos HaShulchan 74 in Badei HaTeshuva LiRabbeinu Yonah (Halbershtam) Section for HaShulchan 19 60, Rabeinu Bachaya Exodus Shabbat 79 Minhag Yisroel Torah 263:7 19:3. For nuances, see all 17 Hirsch Siddur on Aleynu based on Kaf HaChaim 91 Proverbs 6:23 according to Prayer. For an alternative 263:34 Ibn Ezra, Ralbag, Metsudas translation, see Ya Ribon 80 Shulchan Aruch 263:5. Dovid, Malbim Friday night song Some add the word kodesh 92 Yair Ohr LaMalbim ‡:7 18 Shir Tzion (holy) at the end of the 93 Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 19 Shulchan HaTahor 262:3 blessing (Shaarei Halacha 75:2 20 Pisgamei Oraisa pp. 3-4 Viminhag 137). Yabia Omer based on Alshich Leviticus 2:16:18 says not to, but that if shabbat2017 Jonathan angels G. Bressel26:11 - All rights reserved one did so, one need not  21 Yechi Reuven Chagiga, Vol. repeat the blessing 1 Genesis Rabba 11:18 I, p. 23, note 2 on Chagiga 81 Rashi Exodus 30:7 & Rashi 2 Sefas Emes Genesis 641 12b Shabbos 22b ÓÚ¯·È ¯ 3 Anna Gotlieb, In Other 22 Etz Yosef on Aleynu prayer, translate as Old French loces, Words, (Targum Press, 1999), Malbim Isaiah 6:3 which Targum HaLaaz The Bar Mitzvah, p. 23 23 Siddur Yaivetz translates as, lamps. Rashi 4 Manifest tradition 24 Jerusalem Brachos 9:1 Pesachim 11a translates as the 5 Shabbos 119b. For a (63a) Old French croisel, which variation on this theme, see 25 Shir Tzion Targum HaLaaz translates as, Yisod ViShoresh HaAvodah 8:5 26 Siddur Yaivetz, others cited lamp citing Zohar Chodosh Acharei by Shaarei Teshuva 262:2 and 82 Sing You Righteous 533 (p. 60a Likutei Moharach 248) 6 Based on Kedushas Levi 27 Shaarei Teshuva 262:2 83 Igeres HaTeshuva Li- Exodus 31:16 28 For a discussion of the Rabbeinu Yonah 60, Mishna 7 Maharal Chidushei Agados debate surrounding this text,

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shabbat angels friday night friday night woman of valor woman of valor see Be’er HaChasidus - Zmiros Shabbos p. 11 3 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Otzar 25 Moshe Yidaber BiSeder 29 Siddur Yaivetz HaTefilos on Shalom Aleychem Zmiros LiShabbos Kodesh Im 30 Emunas Avraham p. 117 of Friday night Perush Imrei Shefer 31 Shabbos Malkesa 1:3 (p. 4 Yalkut Shimoni, Genesis 26 Alshich 29) based on Ohr HaChaim Rabba 59:2, Medrash Sochar 27 Rabbi Zev Leff tape How to Exodus 31:17, Shem Tov Proverbs 31, Rashi Become a Woman of Valor MiShmuel ÂÈ˜¯‡ 671. See also Proverbs 31:10 28 Kabbalas Shabbos LiRav Shem MiShmuel ÂÈ˜¯‡ 676 5 Medrash Tanchuma Chayei Chaim Maza 32 Siddur Tefilas Yisroel LiRav Sarah 4, Yalkut Shimoni, 29 Kabbalas Shabbos LiRav Shlomo Yanovsky, Emunas Genesis Rabba 45:1 Chaim Maza Avraham pp. 113-115 6 Medrash Sochar Tov 30 Rashi, Metsudas Dovid 33 Machatsis HaShekel 262:1, Proverbs 31 31 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak Shaarei Teshuva 262:2 7 Shabbos 118b, Gittin 52a Ô Ó˙“ 34 Emunas Avraham pp. 113- 8 Heard from Rabbi Beryl 32 Yair Ohr LaMalbim ‡:25 115 Gershenfeld based on Yalkut 33 Metsudas Dovid, Ralbag 35 Sefas Emes Vayetze 661, Shimoni Ruth 606 34 Metsudas Dovid, Ibn Ezra Shabbos Malkesa 1:3 (p. 29) 9 Siddur Tefilas Yisroel LiRav 35 Rabbi Zev Leff tape How to citing Chafetz Chaim Shlomo Yanovsky Become a Woman of Valor 36 Tiferes Shlomo Numbers 10 Proverbs 31:10-31 36 Rashi Exodus 19:5 citing 1:3 11 Metsudas Tzion, Hirsch Mechilta Siddur 37 Kabbalas Shabbos LiRav friday night 12 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak Chaim Maza woman of valor Ï ‚Ó“ 38 Metsudas Tzion 13 Hirsch Siddur translates, “a 39 This verse refers to the 1 Retrieved from valiant wife” hand spinning process used to groups.yahoo.com/neo/ 14 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak twist raw flax and wool into groups/adailydose/conversa- Ï ÁÈ“ thread or yarn. English terms tions/messages/72 15 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak inferred from description of Courtesy of Tradition of ÁÈ“Ï 2017, Rashi JonathanGenesis 34:29 G. Bresselterms by- All Rashi rights and Metsudas reserved Kindness; from their free 16 Ramban Exodus 18:21 Tzion, together with “Daily Dose of Kindness” e- 17 Ramban Exodus 18:21 description of the spinning mails. Explore the world of 18 Hirsch Exodus 18:21 process in The New Encyclo- Jewish kindness and subscribe 19 Kabbalas Shabbos LiRav pedia Britannica, 15th to the “Daily Dose of Chaim Maza edition, Vol. 18, p. 173. Kindness” at their website 20 Rabbi Zev Leff tape How to According to Webster’s www.TraditionOfKindness.org Become a Woman of Valor Seventh New Collegiate or e-mail 21 Shulchan Shabbat Dictionary, the distaff is “a [email protected]. 22 Moshe Yidaber BiSeder staff for holding the flax, tow, An earlier version of this work Zmiros LiShabbos Kodesh Im or wool in spinning,” and the is found at http:// Perush Imrei Shefer spindle is “a round stick with www.aishdas.org/avodah/ 23 Kabbalas Shabbos LiRav tapered ends used to form and vol11/v11n044.shtml#15 Chaim Maza twist the yarn in hand 2 Shabbos 119a, Genesis 24 Kabbalas Shabbos LiRav spinning.” Rabba 11:8 Chaim Maza 40 Rashi Exodus 23:6,

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Deuteronomy 15:4, 24:14 65 Rabbi Zev Leff tape How to Numbers Rabba 11:2, 41 Metsudas Dovid, Rashbam Become a Woman of Valor Medrash Tanchuma Lech Exodus 25:4 66 Metsudas Dovid Licha 4, mentioned also in 42 Rashbam Exodus 25:4 67 Kabbalas Shabbos LiRav Rashi Genesis 25:11 43 Ralbag Chaim Maza 9 Rashbam, Rashi, Sifsei 44 Metsudas Dovid 68 Metsudas Dovid Chochomim Genesis 48:20, 45 Etz Yosef 69 Metsudas Tzion and also on Rashi Genesis 12:3, 26:4 46 Kabbalas Shabbos LiRav Ecclesiastes 1:2 10 Genesis 48:20 Chaim Maza 70 Metsudas Dovid Ecclesi- 11 Siddur Yaivetz Friday 47 Rashi, Metsudas Dovid astes 1:2 Night Ritual 7, Maavar Yabok 48 Rashi, Metsudas Dovid, 71 Rashi, Ibn Ezra Sifsei Raninos 43 Metsudas Tzion 72 Rabbi Zev Leff tape How to 12 Genesis 48:14 49 Metsudas Tzion, Tosefta Become a Woman of Valor 13 Numbers 27:23 Menachos 9:7, Rashi and 73 Metsudas Dovid, Etz Yosef 14 Shulchan Aruch 128:12 Rashbam Exodus 25:4 74 Rabbi Zev Leff tape How to 15 Shulchan Aruch 129, Romo 50 Hirsch Siddur. See also Become a Woman of Valor 128:44 Metsudas Dovid here, Ibn Ezra 75 Rabbi Zev Leff tape How to 16 The precedence of an older Exodus 25:4 Become a Woman of Valor child over a younger child for 51 Rashi Exodus 25:4 a blessing is clear from the 52 Metsudas Dovid friday night story in Genesis 48:8-20 53 Metsudas Dovid blessing the children 17 Manifest tradition, 54 Metsudas Tzion presumably based on 55 Rashi, Metsudas Dovid, 1 Ruchoma Shain, Shining common sense. Furthermore, Metsudas Tzion, Rashi Genesis Lights (Jerusalem/NY: such is the law regarding 38:2 based on Pesachim 50a Feldheim Publishers, 1997), blessings of Kohanim 56 Rabbi Zev Leff tape How to p. 165 (Shulchan Aruch 128:23) Become a Woman of Valor 2 Anna Gotlieb, Between the 18 Siddur Yaivetz Friday 57 Rashi, Ibn Ezra Lines (Princeton, New Jersey: Night Ritual 7, Sheeilos 58 Rabbi Zev Leff tape How to Bristol,2017 Rhein Jonathan & Englander, G. BresselYaivetz - All 2:125, rights Noheg reserved KiTzon Become a Woman of Valor 1992), Motherhood, p. 219 Yosef Shabbat 23 59 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape 3 Emunas Avraham p. 111 19 Seforno Genesis 48:18 369. See Rashi, Ralbag, Ibn 4 Manifest tradition. See also 20 Siddur Yaivetz Friday Ezra Siddur Yaivetz (Friday Night Night Ritual 7 60 Rashi, Ralbag, Ibn Ezra Ritual 7) who says in 21 Torah Temima Numbers 61 Rashi, Metsudas Dovid. synagogue or upon entering 6:23:131 citing Gra, Maavar Alternatively, at old age (Ibn the house on return from Yabok Sifsei Raninos 43, Ezra), or on the day of death synagogue Noheg KiTzon Yosef Shabbat (Targum) 5 Siddur Yaivetz (Friday Night 23, Reishis Chochmo Child 62 Metsudas Dovid Ritual 7), Sefer HaChaim 3:6 Rearing 8 63 Metsudas Dovid 6 Maavar Yabok Sifsei 22 Noheg KiTzon Yosef 64 Metsudas Tzion here and Raninos 43 Shabbat 23, Reishis Chochmo Psalms 1:1,119:1,144:15, 7 Maavar Yabok Sifsei Child Rearing 8 Metsudas Dovid Psalms Raninos 43 23 Maavar Yabok Sifsei 144:15 8 Rashi Genesis 12:2, Raninos 43. Another reason

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friday night friday night kiddush friday night kiddush blessing the children Mishna Berura 273:30. In kiddush (Romo 271:12). For for using only one hand is that some homes, everyone says reason, see Mishna Berura using two hands is too similar kiddush separately, according 271:61. The text follows the to the way in which the to the principle that it is opposite opinion found in Kohanim bless the people, a better to do a mitzvah yourself Shulchan Aruch 271:12 and practice forbidden to imitate than to have someone else do others mentioned in Mishna (Torah Temima Numbers it for you (Kaf HaChaim Berura 271:62 and Likutei 6:23:131 citing Gra) 273:44 citing Olas Shabbos Moharach. If you want to say 24 Kuntreis Ish Itair L’Rav 273:5). This does not kiddush early, you can say Chaim Kanievsky law 43 contradict the fact that we kiddush before evening 25 Genesis 48:20 often promote having one prayers (Mishna Berura 26 Perhaps this fits well with person say a blessing for many 271:11), as early as one and a Rashi Genesis 12:3, 26:4 who others (as in the blessing for quarter seasonal hours before says that people will bless tzitzis in Shulchan Aruch 8:5), sunset, and no later than a their children to be like because kiddush is a mitzvah half-hour before nightfall Abraham and Isaac that one needs to do with (Mishna Berura 271:11). If 27 Siddur Yaivetz Friday one’s body [making a kiddush is said too early, it is Night Ritual 7 declaration about Shabbat], not clearly connected to 28 Maavar Yabok Sifsei unlike the blessing for tzitzis Shabbat (Shmirat Shabbat Raninos 43 says to bless (Elya Rabba 273:9). See also Kihilchota 43 note 67 citing daughters as well, but gives no Tosafos Shabbos 273:10 who Rabbi Shlomo Zalman particular text deflects the problem of Auerbach). If it is said too 29 Yalkut Yehuda Genesis preferring to do the mitzvah close to nightfall, it might 48:20:15 oneself. He cites the fact that interfere with evening prayers 30 Yalkut Yehuda Genesis answering Amen is as if one (Mishna Berura 235:16, 48:20:15 said the words oneself (Succah 271:11), so in such case it is 31 Kesav Sofer Genesis 48:19- 38b), and concludes that better to pray evening prayers 20 therefore it is as if he did the first (a fortiori from Mishna 32 Siddur Yaivetz Friday mitzvah himself Berura 267:6). Saying kiddush Night Ritual 7 6 Mishna2017 Berura Jonathan 213:17, G. Kaf Bresselmeans -Shabbat All rights has started,reserved so 33 Numbers 6:24-26 HaChaim 273:44 citing always light Shabbat candles 34 Malbim Numbers Noso Tosafos Shabbos 273:10, first, unless the sun has 144 Shulchan Aruch 298:14, Gra already set after which point 35 Numbers 6:24-26 8:5, Aruch HaShulchan 8:11, candles should never be lit Mishna Berura 298:36 (Mishna Berura 262:11) friday night kiddush 7 Romo 167:2, Shulchan 11 Mishna Berura 271:1 Aruch 193:1, Shulchan Aruch 12 Shulchan Aruch 271:4, 1 Sing You Righteous 533 (pp. 213:3 Mishna Berura 271:11 248-249). See also Rabbi 8 Romo 167:2, Romo 193:1, 13 Shulchan Aruch HaRav Avigdor Miller Tape 106, 673 Shulchan Aruch 213:3 271:9 2 Shulchan Aruch 271:10 9 Shulchan Aruch 271:1 14 Shulchan Aruch 273:1 3 A fortiori from Mishna 10 Shulchan Aruch 271:1 as 15 Marganisa Tova LiRebbe Berura 271:2 explained by Mishna Berura Yihonason Valiner 31 (found 4 Shulchan Aruch 271:2 271:1. A minority reverse the at end of Sefer Ahavas Chesed) 5 Shulchan Aruch 273:6, order of hand washing and 16 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak

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friday night kiddush friday night kiddush friday night kiddush

˘ ˜„“ morning song Ki Eshmera 38 Maharal Netivos Olam 17 Heard from Rabbi Beryl Shabbat Netiv HaAvoda 18. See also Gershenfeld based on Mesilas 30 Mishna Berura 274:1 Psalms 23 Yesharim chap. 26 and Ohr 31 Shulchan Aruch 271:9 39 Mishna Berura 271:42, HaTsafun 2:122-125. See also 32 Tur 271 Mishna Berura 183:9, Shaar Beis HaLevi Genesis 33 Shulchan Aruch 211:4 HaTziyun 183:14 18 Shulchan Aruch 274:1 34 Tur 271 citing Jerusalem 40 Shiurei Torah 19 Romo 274:1 Talmud. Note the sensitivity LiHaGRACH Naeh 3:6 that it 20 The challot need to be on of the Talmud, which refers to is 86 ml. (3.0 fl. ozs.) (also the table at the time of this act of covering as cited by Shmirat Shabbat kiddush, in order to satisfy the preventing the embarrass- Kihilchota 47:9). Others say third reason for covering the ment of the bread. If we are so 4.42 fl. ozs. (125 ml.) (Kol challot (Aruch HaShulchan careful about the feelings of Dodi Haggadah 2:5-6, based 271:22) inanimate challot, how much on Mishna Berura 271:8,68 21 Shulchan Aruch, Romo more careful must we be and 486:1 and Beur Halacha 274:1 about the feelings of people, 271:13 ¯·ÈÚÈ˙ ˘Ï , which 22 By definition, bread is such as the person who baked state that one should be made of any of five grains the challot (Heard in the stringent in cases where the (Shulchan Aruch 208:7-9): name of the Mussar Greats) subject is of Torah origin, and wheat, barley, oats, rye, or 35 Magen Avraham 271:20, further based on measure- spelt (Mishna Berura 208:2). Tosafos Pesachim 100b ˘‡ÈÔ ments by his father Rav Moshe For Talmudic sources and Ó·È‡ÈÔ citing Sheeltos DeRav Feinstein in Igros Moshe Orach derivation, see Avudraham Achai Gaon 54, Rashbam Chaim I:136). Still others say Blessing on Bread, Sefer Pesachim 100b ·¯ ¯·‰ ‰“‚ 5.3 fl. ozs. (150 ml.) (Shiurin HaChinuch 430 Á‰ ·¯ citing Sheeltos DeRav Shel Torah in Shiurei 23 A covering is needed under Achai Gaon 54, Rosh Pesachim HaMitzvos 18, based on the challot as well, because the 10:3, Mordechai Pesachim rulings of Chazon Ish (Orach manna was covered by dew 34d (explicitly mentions Chaim 39)) both above and below (Tur covering bread specifically, as 41 Shulchan Aruch 183:1. 271). That the table cloth opposed2017 Jonathanto covering theG. entireBresselSome - Allrinse rights it even reserved if it is under the challot is acceptable table), Mordechai Shabbos already clean, for mystical is found in Shulchan Aruch 408, Ran Shabbos 44b ¯ reasons (Kaf HaChaim 183:4) 271:9, Aruch HaShulchan „ÏÂ˜ , Tur 271, Shulchan or to beautify the mitzvah 271:22, Shulchan Aruch Aruch HaRav 271:17, Aruch (Likutei Moharach Friday HaRav 271:17, Siddur Yaivetz HaShulchan 271:22. This night kiddush) Laws of Kiddush 10. The reason does not apply to the 42 Shulchan Aruch 183:3, Radiance of Shabbos 8:3 other Shabbat meals during Mishna Berura 183:10-11 extends to a cutting board or the daytime (Mordechai 43 Siddur R Shabbati. Kaf plate Pesachim 34d, Hagaos HaChaim 472:11 says to use 24 Shulchan Aruch 168:14 Maimoni Laws of Shabbat silver because it represents 25 Aruch HaShulchan 274:5 29:100) kindness (Zohar Mishpatim 26 Aruch HaShulchan 274:5 36 Mishna Berura 271:42, 115a, Ki Tetzeh Raya 27 Mishna Berura 274:2 Mishna Berura 183:9 Mehemna 277a). Regarding 28 Exodus 16:4-36 37 Shulchan Aruch 271:10, possible advantage or 29 Siddur Yaivetz on Saturday Romo 183:2 disadvantage of using gold,

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see Lihoros Noson vol. 4, not be used for kiddush. 51 Beis Yosef 271 citing Kol Bo Orach Chaim 25 Others, including Minchas 41 44 Magen Avraham 272:2, Yitzchok 8:14 and Ohr 52 Romo 271:10 Mishna Berura 272:5. Others LiTzion 2:20:18, say grape 53 Shulchan Aruch 271:10, say that grape juice is just as juice is like wine and may be Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 77:3, good (Elya Rabba 272:4) diluted. However, Ohr implied by Pri Megadim Eshel 45 Shulchan Aruch 272:2 LiTzion 2:20:21 still says that Avraham 268:10, Siddur 46 For sources on diluting one may not use grape juice Yaivetz Laws of Kiddush 12- wine, see Mishna Berura concentrate, because the 13 272:16. For a full description concentrate, which has a 54 Mishna Berura 271:45, of the opinions about grape consistency of honey, loses the 268:19 juice, see ViZos HaBracha p. quality of wine, and reconsti- 55 Beis Yosef 271 citing Kol Bo 112. tuting it does not give it back 41 Minchas Shlomo 4 says that the quality of wine. But, 56 Mishna Berura 271:46 grape juice, unlike wine, may Minchas Yitzchok 8:14 says 57 Shulchan Aruch 183:4 not be diluted at all, because it that in certain cases it would 58 Mishna Berura 206:18 immediately loses its flavor be okay. 59 Shulchan Aruch 206:4 with any added water. Regarding the whole issue of 60 Maharal Netivos Olam Moreover, he says that even if grape juice, see The Radiance Netiv HaAvoda chapter 18 the flavor of grape juice of Shabbos 9:3, and notes 12 61 Mishna Berura 206:18 concentrate is not damaged and 13 there. For an analysis 62 Shulchan Aruch 183:4 by added water, nonetheless, of which wines are permissi- 63 Shiurei Torah one may not use such a ble for kiddush see Yisodei LiHaGRACH Naeh 3:25 reformulation for kiddush. He Yeshurun 3 Kiddush 64 Mishna Berura 183:16 points out that the permissi- 47 Shulchan Aruch Yoreh Deah 65 Romo 271:10, Shulchan bility for kiddush of a mixture 123:1 Aruch 183:4 made of raisins and water is 48 Shulchan Aruch 202:1, 66 Shulchan Aruch 183:4 only because the water itself Mishna Berura 202:3. If 67 Mishna Berura 183:17 becomes wine when the proper wine or grape juice is 68 Mishna Berura 183:15, raisins ferment. However, a not available,2017 Jonathan see The G. BresselBe’er Heitev - All 183:5,rights Magen reserved mixture of grape juice Radiance of Shabbos 13:2 Avraham 183:6 concentrate and water does based on Shulchan Aruch 69 Zohar 1:1a not ferment and hence the 272:9 and Mishna Berura 70 Genesis 1:31-2:3 water remains water. On there 71 Exodus 20:8 another tack, one might think 49 Shulchan Aruch and Romo 72 Shabbos 119b to consider the grape juice 271:10 73 Furthermore, we are concentrate the prime portion 50 Ketsos HaShulchan 79:4, partners in the very act itself, and the water only an adjunct, Kaf HaChaim 271:62 citing because God created the in which case one could use it Shaar Hakavanos Kiddush, world through speech and our for kiddush, but this is not Mishnas Chasidim Friday testimony is also through true, because such a reasoning Night 2:8, Beis Yosef 271, speech (Maharsha Shabbos works only when the prime Likutei Moharach citing ARI, 119b) portion is alcoholic. Thus, Ben Ish Chai 2 Genesis 29, 74 Beis HaLevi Genesis according to him, grape juice Shela Tractate Shabbat 75 The text of kiddush in the made from concentrate may Chapter Torah Ohr instructions starts in the

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middle of a Torah verse, “The all powerful God saw all (Magen Avraham 271: 22, which is the last verse of the that he had done and behold Machatsis HaShekel 271:22, Torah’s description of God’s it was very good, it was Aruch HaShulchan 271:26). act of creation. This verse evening and it was morning, For sources on where the text does not really belong in the sixth day” — in keeping of kiddush begins, see Shmirat kiddush, which is supposed to with the principle that when Shabbat Kihilchota 47:30 and be testimony to the Friday quoting Torah verses, one notes 148,149 there, Be’er night completion of God’s act should always quote the entire HaChasidus - Zmiros Shabbos of creation (Be’er Heitev verse (Aruch HaShulchan p. 46, Minhag Yisroel Torah 271:13). Instead, kiddush 271:25). Others say that this 271:14, The Radiance of should begin with the next principle is overridden in this Shabbos p. 29 6:I:1:5 verse (Shulchan Aruch case, because part of the first 76 Siddur Yaivetz Laws of 271:10), if it were not for an half of the verse — “it was Shabbat 14, because it is overriding concern. We want very good” — refers to the forbidden to say two verses as to move the beginning of creation of the Angel of one kiddush backward to Death, and should therefore 77 Romo 271:10 incorporate the words “sixth not be mentioned during 78 Shulchan Aruch HaRav day,” because such an kiddush (Chosom Sofer Orach 271:19 and Magen Avraham expanded text of kiddush Chaim 10). Therefore only 271:23 based on Maharil would contain a special the second half of the verse Laws of Shabbos. For further symbolism (Romo 271:10, should be said (Levush explanation and more Magen Avraham 271:22). 271:10, Chosom Sofer Orach reasons, see there, Be’er With just these two additional Chaim 10, Siddur Yaivetz HaChasidus - Zmiros Shabbos words as its beginning, the Laws of Kiddush 14). This p. 42, and Ohr HaShabbos expanded text of kiddush opinion is the one used in 3:8:58-60. Some say that this would start with four Hebrew these instructions. Whatever reminds the man of his words whose first letters ( È≠‰≠ the amount of the verse participation in the mitzvah Â≠‰ ) would combine to spell added, say the extra portion in (Siddura Shel Shabbos root the Hebrew name of God an undertone (Levush 271:10, 2:2:2). For another reason, see (Romo 271:10). We can view Aruch2017 HaShulchan Jonathan 271:25), G. BresselChochmas - All rights Shlomo reserved on Romo this as a stamp of God’s presumably because it is not 271:10 signature on His creation directly relevant to kiddush. 79 Brachos 43b (Hirsch Siddur). An alternative explanation for 80 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape Including only these two adding the words “sixth day,” 722 words in the beginning of is that we want to make 81 Rashi Brachos 43b ·˜„Â˘‡ kiddush is impossible, kiddush contain 72 words ˘Ó˘È „·È however, because alone they (Magen Avraham 271: 22, 82 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape are nonsensical (Chosom Sofer Machatsis HaShekel 271:22, 722. See also Rabbi Avigdor Orach Chaim 10). Therefore, Aruch HaShulchan 271:26), Miller Tape 106, Tiferes we would like to say even because 72 represents the HaShabbos p. 83 citing more of the previous verse, name of God (Aruch Ê“Ï ‰¯Ó“Á ÊÓÂ˘Ë˘ ‡·„˜“˜ and just how much more is a HaShulchan 271:26). Which 83 Medrash Rabba Genesis difference of scholarly words of kiddush count 10:1 opinion. Some suggest saying toward the total of 72 is the 84 The Living Torah. the entire previous verse — subject of a scholarly debate Concerning what these

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components are, see Ramban 2:3 (pp. 56-58) 174:11, Romo 174:8, Mishna 85 Medrash Rabba Numbers 107 Based on Divrei Yechezkel Berura 46,47. For sources, 10:1 (Halbershtam) Genesis and an explanation of why the 86 Medrash Rabba Genesis 108 Ramban citing Ibn Ezra, language for wine differs from 10:2 Chizkuni, Anaf Yosef BiSiddur the language for bread, see 87 Sefas Emes 5648 Otzar HaTefilos (Friday night Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Otzar 88 Medrash Rabba Genesis prayers) HaTefilos Friday night 10:5 109 Chizkuni. For more Kiddush and Anaf Yosef 89 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape possibilities, see Ramban BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos end 722 110 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape of Bircas HaMazon, Minhagei 90 The Beginning 2:1 (p. 52) 722. See also Fortunate Nation Yeshurun 88, Ta’amei 91 Hirsch Siddur, Sefer 5:12 (pp. 64-65) and The HaMinhagim 291-294, Be’er Shorashim Li’Radak ˘·“˙ , Beginning 2:2 (p. 54) HaChasidus - Zmiros Shabbos Yair Ohr LaMalbim ˘:2 111 Shulchan Aruch and Romo p. 54, The Radiance of Shabbos 92 Rashi citing Medrash 271:10 p. 30 6:I:3:6,7 Rabba Genesis 10:9 112 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape 123 Aruch HaShulchan 93 Dover Shalom BiSiddur 673. See also Rabbi Avigdor 167:7-8, Pri Megadim Eshel Otzar HaTefillos on Friday Miller Tape 106, Sing You Avraham 167:8, an extension Night prayers Righteous 533 (pp. 248-249) from Brachos 52b and Rashi 94 Chizkuni 113 Pesachim 33b regarding 52b Ó˘ÓÚ „·¯‡ 95 Rashi Ù˜È„È ÓÈÙ˜„ 124 Aruch HaShulchan 96 Magid Devarav LiYaakov 114 Maharal Chidushei 167:7-8 and by extension Likutei Amarim 135 (126) Agados Sanhendrin 70a from bread 97 Based on Genesis Rabba 115 Heard from Rabbi Beryl 125 Kuzari 2:50 10:9 Gershenfeld 126 Shabbos Malkisa LiRav 98 Aderes Eliyahu Genesis 2:2 116 Sefer HaChinuch mitzvah Chaim Maza on Saturday 99 Pirchei Shoshanim 31 morning song Yom Zeh 100 Ramban 117 Maharal Chidushei Mechubad 101 Beer Moshe LiHaRaHaK Agados Sanhedrin 70a 127 Leviticus 23, Numbers Meozrov Leviticus 19:2, Rav 118 2017Mishna Jonathan Berura 182:1 G. Bressel28:1-30:1 - All rights reserved Tsadok in Yisroel kiddoshim citing Levush 182:2 128 Etz Yosef, Mateh Yehuda, note 7 beginning. See also 119 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape Siddur Yaivetz, Siddur Tefilas Reishis Chochmo Shaar 722, Shulchan Shabbat on Yisroel LiRav Shlomo Yanovsky, Hakedusha 2 that Shabbat is Havdallah all on Saturday morning song the root of all holiness and all 120 Mishna Berura 182:1 Yom Zeh Mechubad, Etz Yosef revolves around Shabbat 121 Horeb paragraph 188 129 Dover Shalom BiSiddur 102 Ibn Ezra Exodus 20:8 122 The precise text of this Otzar HaTefillos 103 Rashi based on Genesis prelude, the precise transla- 130 Radak Isaiah 56:6. For Rabba 11:9 tion of this prelude, and the additional reasons, see 104 Matamei Yitzchok, Aderes reason for this prelude are Shabbos Malkisa LiRav Chaim Eliyahu Genesis 2:3 under scholarly debate. The Maza on Saturday morning 105 Matamei Yitzchok instructions follow a common song Yom Zeh Mechubad 106 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape text. See Beis Yosef 167, 131 Ramban Leviticus 23:2 369 based on Genesis Rabba Darchei Moshe 167:4, 132 Siddur Iyun Tefilla of 11:6. See also The Beginning Shulchan Aruch HaRav HaKisav ViHaKaballah

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friday night kiddush friday night kiddush friday night washing the hands 133 Ramban Leviticus 23:2 Berura 271:51) to ensure citing Targum there drinking from a full measure the standard product made 134 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur 143 Mishna Berura 296:6, from grain is bread (Mishna Otzar HaTefilos Ketsos HaShulchan 79:4, Kaf Berura 158:2) 135 Shulchan Aruch 271:15 HaChaim 271:64, Mishnas 3 A fortiori from Shulchan 136 Ibn Ezra Deuteronomy Chasidim Friday Night 3:8 Aruch 85:2 5:14; Ohr HaChaim 144 Kaf HaChaim 271:64, 4 Mishna Berura 158:1, Deuteronomy 5:15; Sefer Ben Ish Chai 2 Genesis 29, Maharal Netivos Olam Netiv HaChinuch 32; Moreh Shela Tractate Shabbos HaAvoda chapter 16 and Nevuchim 2:31, 3:43, Chapter Ner Mitzvah 58 Chidushei Agados Sotah 4b Maharal Tiferes Yisroel 44 about Havdallah citing 5 Maharal Netivos Olam Netiv 137 Ramban Deuteronomy Teshuvas Maharil 8. For more HaAvoda chapter 16 5:15, Ohr HaChaim sources, see Ben Ish Chai 2 6 Hirsch Horeb 463 Deuteronomy 5:15, Seder Genesis 29 7 Mishna Berura 158:1 HaYom Kiddush Friday 145 Shulchan Aruch 271:13 8 Shulchan Aruch Yoreh Deah Night, Inyanei HaMoadim 146 Mishna Berura 271:65 331:19 BiChumash Rav Pininim 147 Shaar HaTziyun 271:65 9 Mishna Berura 158:1 Leviticus 23:2. Others say 148 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape 10 Emunas Avraham p. 143 that commemorating the 353 11 Mishna Berura 165:5 exodus from Egypt refers only 149 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape 12 Shulchan Aruch 161:1, to the holidays mentioned in 673. See also Rabbi Avigdor 162:2 the text, each of which is Miller Tape 106 and Sing You 13 Shulchan Aruch 161:3 based on a particular aspect of Righteous 533 (pp. 248-249) 14 Shulchan Aruch 161:1-3 the exodus from Egypt, but 150 Mishna Berura 271:71 15 Shulchan Aruch 159:3 that Shabbat commemorates 151 In some homes, all 16 Shulchan Aruch 159:1 only the act of creation participants who want to 17 Shulchan Aruch 159:1 (Ta’amei HaMinhagim 296 drink, now say their own 18 Mishna Berura 159:1, citing Seder HaYom Kiddush blessing on the wine, even if Aruch HaShulchan 159:1 Friday Night, Tur 271) the leader has said kiddush for 19 Aruch HaShulchan 159:1. 138 Rav Reuven Grozovsky in them2017 (Eleph Jonathan LiMateh G.625:74) BresselAdditionally, - All rights the waterreserved for the Haggadah Arzei HaLivanon 152 Shulchan Aruch 271:14 basic purification process in Vol. 2 pp. 63-64 153 Romo 273:3 the Holy Temple was 139 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape 154 Shulchan Aruch 273:1 prepared in a similar vessel 722 155 Mishna Berura 273:1 (Mishna Berura 159:1, Aruch 140 Meshech Chochmo 156 Sefer HaChinuch 31 HaShulchan 159:1) Deuteronomy 10:20 157 Ohr HaTsafun 2:123 20 Shmirat Shabbat Kihilchota 141 Maharal Tiferes Yisroel 44 1:39. See also Mishna Berura 142 That this is acceptable, as friday night 160:27 opposed to everyone’s washing the hands 21 Shulchan Aruch 4:10. drinking directly from the Equation between hand Kiddush cup, is implied by 1 Shulchan Aruch 158:1 washing in the morning and Shulchan Aruch 190:1 and 2 Shulchan Aruch 158:1. The hand washing for food is seen 271:16. Try to leave at least a law applies only to bread, in Beis Yosef 4 in second reviit (3.0 fl. oz. or 86 ml.) in because the majority of resolution of contradiction the kiddush cup (Mishna tithing comes from grain and between two sources in Zohar.

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friday night friday night friday night bread washing the hands washing the hands who lived in the desert that This appears to be opinion of Mishna Berura 167:35 their consumption of manna Shulchan Aruch 4:10 44 Shulchan Aruch 166:1 was made possible, not 22 Mishna Berura 158:4 45 Shulchan Aruch 166:1 and through their daily collection 23 Mishna Berura 4:22 Mishna Berura there. If you of the manna, but rather by 24 Pri Megadim Eshel happen to speak before the God. The proof was on Avraham 158:1, Mishna blessing on bread, there is no Shabbat when there was Berura 4:22 need to wash again (Mishna nothing to collect and yet 25 Shulchan Aruch HaRav Berura 166:6) they ate just as well from the 4:10 46 Aruch HaShulchan 167:8 double portion of Friday 26 Shulchan Aruch 158:10, says so regarding the blessing (Yismach Yisroel Genesis 2) Mishna Berura 158:37 on bread. Presumably the 6 Responsa Rabbi Akiva Eiger 27 Shulchan Aruch 162:3, same reasoning applies to hashmatos 1. Further reasons Mishna Berura 162:9 blessing on washing are that eating bread honors 28 Shulchan Aruch 4:10 and 47 Rashi Chulin 107a ËÏ‡ Shabbat (Mishna Berura Mishna Berura 158:4 and Targum Yonason Ben Uziel 274:9) and it maximizes our 29 Shulchan Aruch 161:4 Exodus 40:31, Sefer Chasidim pleasure on Shabbat (Meiri 30 Mishna Berura 162:21 58, Etz Yosef on washing in the Berachos 49b, Mordechai 31 Shulchan Aruch 162:2 morning Shabbos 279) 32 Ibid 7 Beur Halacha 242 Â‰Â‡ 33 Mishna Berura 165:2, friday night bread 8 Romo 242:1 Shulchan Aruch HaRav 165:1 9 Siddur Yaivetz. For 34 Romo 158:11 1 Berel Wein, Buy Green additional reason, see Mishna 35 Shulchan Aruch 158:1, Bananas, (Brooklyn, NY: Berura 242:6 Mishna Berura 158:6. The Shaar Press), pp. 116-118 10 Mishna Berura 271:41, tradition of some to say ˘‡Â 2 Shulchan Aruch 167:14 Aruch HaShulchan 271:22, ˜Â„˘ È„ÈÎÌ is omitted here 3 Maharal Netivos Olam Netiv Chai Adom Laws of Shabbat (Maiseh Rav 78) because some HaAvoda 17 6:13, Eleph HaMagen 625:63, view it as an interruption 4 Shulchan Aruch 274:4. It is Responsa Eretz Tzvi 49, Siddur 36 Shulchan Aruch 158:11, best 2017to eat slightlyJonathan more G.than BresselYaivetz - Friday All rights night reserved2, Likutei Mishna Berura 158:39 (Mishna Berura 291:2) a Moharach, Likutei Meir 2:16. 37 Shulchan Aruch 158:11 kabaytza measure (2 oz. or For additional sources, see 38 Mishna Berura 158:40 57.6 gm. (Shiurei Torah latter 39 Shulchan Aruch 158:11 LiHaGRACH Naeh 3:8 11 Magen Avraham 271:20, 40 Romo 158:11, Mishna (Rabbinical measures in Pirisha 271:13. The motiva- Berura 158:42 keeping with rabbinical origin tion depends on the different 41 Targum Exodus 10:13, of this mitzvah))) of bread at reasons for covering the Radak Isaiah 63:9, Targum some point during each challot, found in friday Ezekiel 3:12, Ta’amei Shabbat meal (Shulchan night kiddush HaMinhagim 168 citing Aruch 291:1), and at the very 12 Ibn Ezra Leviticus 2:4. Shulchan Shel Arba 1:1, Sefer least a kazayit measure (0.6 Rashi Numbers 15:20 Chasidim 58, Etz Yosef on oz. or 17.3 gm. (Shiurei Torah translates as, Old French washing in the morning LiHaGRACH Naeh 3:13)) tortel, which Targum HaLaaz 42 Shulchan Aruch 158:12 (Mishna Berura 291:2) translates as, a round loaf of 43 Shulchan Aruch 167:6, 5 This showed the generation bread

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13 Shulchan Aruch Yoreh Deah citing Kitzur Shelah Tractate 45 Likutei Moharach Friday 322 Shabbat, Mekor Chaim Night meal citing Pirisha 14 Shulchan Aruch Yoreh Deah (MeBaal Chavas Yair) 274:1, 271:13 322:4-5, Romo Yoreh Deah Eleph HaMagen 625:63 46 Romo 274:1 322:5 25 Shulchan Aruch 167:3-4, 47 Mishna Berura 274:4, Chai 15 Ta’amei HaMinhagim 252 274:1 Adom Laws of Shabbat 7:2 citing Eshel Avraham 26 Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 48 Based on Maharal Netivos (Butshatsh) 260 77:17, Magen Avraham 274:1, Olam Netiv HaAvoda 17 16 Shaarei Teshuva 274:1 Mishna Berura 274:5 49 Toras Chaim Sanhedrin citing ARI, Be’er Heitev 274:2 27 Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 70b, Shulchan Shel Arba gate citing Shaar Hakavanos, Kaf 77:17, Machatsis HaShekel on 1, Bach 167, Kaf HaChaim HaChaim 262:2 citing Shaar Magen Avraham 274:1 167:24. Based on Shabbos Hakavanos. For more, see 28 Romo 167:1, Levushei 30b, Kesubos 111b, Genesis Minhag Yisroel Torah 274:1 Serad on Magen Avraham Rabba 15:7, Jerusalem 17 Leviticus 24:5-9 274:1, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch Brachos 6:1 and commentar- 18 Likutei Moharach 77:17 ies there 19 Magen ViTsina end of 29 Magen Avraham 167:9 50 Mishna Berura 167:79 chapter 13 30 Avudraham Laws of against Romo 167:15 20 Minhag Yisroel Torah 274:1 Blessing on Bread, Shibulei 51 Mishna Berura 167:33 citing Iyun Tefilla MeHarav HaLeket 141 52 Shulchan Aruch 167:5 Shemariah Shmerel MeRimlov 31 Shulchan Aruch 167:4 53 Mishna Berura 167:27 in Siddur Daas Kedoshim p. 32 Mishna Berura 167:24 54 Nagid UMitzvah 89 121 33 Shulchan Aruch 167:4 55 Nagid UMitzvah 89 21 Yosef Ometz 573, Mekor 34 Romo 274:1 56 Mishna Berura 167:33 Chaim (MeBaal Chavas Yair) 35 Mishna Berura 274:5 57 Ta’amei HaMinhagim 182 274:1 citing Shela (I can not 36 Mishna Berura 274:2 58 Ohr Tzadikim Laws of find Shela) 37 Maiseh Rav 78. Because Meals 3:17 22 Shulchan Aruch Yoreh Deah some view it as an interrup- 59 Yitav Lev Teruma on 91:1, Exodus 23:19, Exodus tion (notes there). Mizmor Exodus 25:30 34:26, Deuteronomy 14:21 LiDavid2017 Jonathanis omitted for G. the Bressel60 Obvious - All rights and clearly reserved 23 Mrs. Tehila Jaeger, in same reason implied by Mishna Berura “Separation of Challah”, #308 38 Mishna Berura 167:23, 242:2, 257:48, 291:3 in the Ayelet Hashachar Siddur Yaivetz Friday night 61 Romo 167:5 Woman to Woman Inspira- 39 Maharil Laws of Shabbos, 62 Rashi Numbers 18:19 tion tape series, available at Siddur Yaivetz Friday night 63 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape (718) 471-7141. Based on 40 Mishna Berura 167:35 721, Sing You Righteous 351 Hirsch concerning tefillin 41 Shulchan Aruch 167:6 (p. 157) (Collected Writings of Rabbi 42 Mishna Berura 167:83 64 Rashi Numbers 18:19 Samson Raphael Hirsch, Vol. 43 Brachos 38, Rashi 38a 65 Rabeinu Bachaya Leviticus III, Jewish Symbolism (Spring ‡ ‰ÓÂˆÈ 2:13 Valley, NY: Phillip Feldheim, 44 Shulchan Aruch 274:1. For 66 Ramban and Rabeinu Inc.), p. 152 mystical explanation, see Bachaya Leviticus 2:13 24 Somewhat implied by Mekor Chaim (MeBaal Chavas 67 Leviticus 2:13 Mishna Berura 167:23, Yair) 274:1 who cites Tolaas 68 Numbers 18:19 Ta’amei HaMinhagim 281 Yaakov Secret of Shabbat 11 69 Hirsch Leviticus 2:13

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friday night bread friday night bread friday night meal

70 Brachos 55a, Chagiga 27a, Shimoni and first Medrash 12 Shulchan Aruch 318 Menachos 97a Rabba source seem to imply 13 Mishna Berura 242:2 71 Rashi Chagiga 27a ˘ÂÏÁÂ , that a mourner’s reaching out 14 Ohr HaShabbos 4:3:19 Rashi and Rabbeinu Gershom for bread is an expression of citing Toras Yechiel Genesis Menachos 97a ˘ÏÁÂ , Mishna [emotional] poverty. See also note 464 Berura 167:30 Jeremiah 16:7 with commen- 15 Shulchan Aruch Yoreh Deah 72 Shaar HaTziyun 167:25 taries there and further 13:1 73 Mishna Berura 167:31 sources in Minhag Yisroel 16 Kiddushin 13a, Sanhedrin 74 Romo 167:5 Torah 167:4 108a, Zevachim 113b, Rashi 75 Kaf HaChaim 262:2 citing 83 Mishna Berura 167:90 Genesis 7:22 Shaar Hakavanos The Table, 84 Mishna Berura 167:89 17 Toras Yechiel Genesis note Pri Etz Chaim Gate of 85 Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 464 Shabbat 17, Siddur Yaivetz 947 18 Mateh Moshe 404 Friday Night, Mishnas 86 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape 19 Genesis 1:22 Chasidim Friday Night 4:4 482, 673 20 Genesis 1:28 76 Mishna Berura 167:88 21 Genesis 2:3 77 Shulchan Aruch 171:1 friday night meal 22 Ohr HaShabbos 4:3:12 78 Aruch HaShulchan 171:3 citing Bnei Yissaschar ˘·˙ ˘Ì 79 Mishna Berura 171:9 and 1 Samson Raphael Hirsch, 11 and ˘·˙ ·¯Î˙ 16 167:88 Horeb: A Philosophy of Jewish 23 Ben Ish Chai 2 Vayera 18. 80 Mishna Berura 167:88 Laws and Observances, (NY/ See there for more reasons 81 Shulchan Aruch 167:18 London/Jerusalem: Soncino 24 Pesachim 76b 82 Sources for this law Press, 1994), 463 (pp. 337- 25 Magen Avraham 173:1 include Rambam Laws of 338) 26 Shulchan Aruch Yoreh Deah Blessings 7:5 & Kesef Mishna 2 Maharal Be’er HaGola Be’er 116:2-3 there, Teshuvas HaRashba Hasheini, page 34 27 Romo Yoreh Deah 116:3 1:278 citing Bahag Blessings 3 Siddura Shel Shabbos 28 Rambam Laws of Chapter 6, Avudraham Laws Shoresh 5:3:3 Knowledge 4:7, Kaf HaChaim of Blessing on Bread, Darchei 4 Maavar Yabok Sephas Emes 157:38 that lighter foods Moshe 167, Shulchan Aruch & beginning2017 ofJonathan chap. 18, Biras G. Bresseldigest more- All quicklyrights reservedand hence Romo 167:18, Mishna Berura Migdal Oz beginning of should be eaten first 167:89-90. The consensus is section on eating 29 Genesis 1:20 that the origin is Medrash 5 Maavar Yabok Sephas Emes 30 Minhag Yisroel Torah 274:1 Rabba Lamentations, based beginning of chap. 18 citing Toras Emes beginning of on Lamentations 1:17. The 6 Miriam S. Zakon, Silent Chelek HaMoadim closest discussion there is in Revolution, (Brooklyn, NY: 31 Shmirat Shabbat Kihilchota Introduction Section 11 & Artscroll Mesorah Publica- 3:15; Kitzur Hilchos Shabbos MaHaRZO there. Another tions, 1992), pp. 96-97 12:14: 61; Webster’s Seventh discussion there is in 4:7, in 7 Beitza 16a as explained by New Collegiate Dictionary which Radal points to a more Rashi 32 Taste of Shabbos Cookbook direct discussion in Yalkut 8 Mishna Berura 242:1 page 50, Shmirat Shabbat Shimoni Proverbs 947. See 9 Shulchan Aruch 274:4 Kihilchota 3:15, Kitzur Zayis Raanan there. None of 10 Mishna Berura 291:22 Hilchos Shabbos 12:14:61 the above explicitly state a 11 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape citing Shiurei Mincha on reason, although the Yalkut 620, 824 Minchas Shabbos 80:21

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33 Shulchan Aruch 319 20 Yitav Lev Exodus 12:1-2 38 Yair Ohr LaMalbim ¯:6 21 Ohr Zaruah Laws of 39 Siddur Yaivetz, Rashi friday night songs Shabbat 42:4, mentioned in Genesis 1:21 Tosafos Sanhedrin 37b ÓÎÛ 40 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak 1 Miriam S. Zakon, Silent 22 Herman Wouk, This is my ˙“Ô , Siddur Yaivetz, Rashi Revolution, (Brooklyn, NY: God, (NY: Dell Publishing, Genesis 1:21 Artscroll Mesorah Publica- 1964), pp. 47-48. Copyright 41 Rashi Avoda Zara 3b ˜¯È tions, 1992), p. 84 © 1959 by The Abe Wouk Ì ¯‡ÓÈ 2 Rachel Noam, The View Foundation, Inc. Copyright 42 Siddur Yaivetz from Above, (Princeton, NJ: © renewed 1987 by Herman 43 Radak Isaiah 26:4. For Bristol, Rhein & Englander, Wouk alternative translation, see Etz Lakewood, NJ: CIS Publish- 23 Seder Zmiros Li’Shabbos Yosef ers, 1992), pp. 179-181 HaMiforash 44 See Isaiah 26:4, Radak 3 Mishna Berura 289:5 24 Malbim Exodus 23:12 45 Rashi & Ramban Exodus 4 Sefer Chasidim 271 25 See Esther 8:16 (Mateh 19:5, Siddur Yaivetz 5 Psalms 92:1-2 Yehuda) 46 See Deuteronomy 7:6 6 Sefer Chasidim 271,409, 26 Avodas Yisroel. Alternative- (Mateh Yehuda), 14:2, Exodus Siddur Yaivetz Friday Night ly, “and they continue to 19:5, Ecclesiastes 2:8, 7 Radak Psalms 92:2 stand in place” (Siddur Chronicles I 29:3 8 Based on Megillah 12b and Yaivetz) 47 Siddur Yaivetz Siddur Yaivetz Friday Night 27 Kabbalas Shabbos LiRav 48 See Deuteronomy 5:12 citing Medrash Rabba Song of Chaim Maza (Mateh Yehuda) Songs 8:16 28 Alei Shur Vol. 2, p. 384 49 See Saturday morning 9 Based on Maharal Gur 29 Chagiga 12a Amidah prayer (Mateh Aryeh Exodus 15:1 30 Bnei Yissaschar ˘·˙ ·¯Î˙ Yehuda) 10 Exodus 15:1, Judges 5:1 7, Beer Moshe LiHaRaHaK 50 Shulchan Shabbat. See also 11 Chayei Olam by Rav Meozrov Genesis Saying 3:9 Siddur Yaivetz Yaakov Yisroel Kanievsky 1:1 31 Emunas Avraham p. 161 51 Rashi Genesis 31:29, 12 Rambam Yesodei HaTorah citing Genesis Rabba 11:2 Exodus 15:11, Ramban 7:4. See Kings II 3:15 322017 Seforno Jonathan Genesis 2:9 G. BresselGenesis - All 17:1 rights reserved 13 Rambam Klei HaMikdash 33 Siddur Yaivetz. See 52 See Genesis 2:3 (Avodas 3:3 Ramban Exodus 20:8 Yisroel, Siddur Yaivetz) 14 Nefesh HaChaim 2:16 34 Etz Yosef 53 Hirsch Exodus 19:5 15 Ramban Deuteronomy 35 Yismach Moshe Exodus 54 Ramban Exodus 19:5 31:19 20:8, Pirchei Shoshanim, Yitav 55 Shulchan Shabbat 16 Implied by Shulchan Aruch Lev Genesis 1:1 56 Etz Yosef. This refers to text 142:2 and Romo 142:1 36 Etz Yosef, Avodas Yisroel, in Addition for Shabbat in 17 Siddur Yaivetz Friday Siddur Yaivetz Blessing after the Meal Night 37 Metsudas Dovid Psalms (Avodas Yisroel) 18 HaChasid Yosef Yaivetz 148:4. Alternatively, “the 57 Etz Yosef Ethics of the Fathers 3:4. See highest heights” (Aderes 58 Etz Yosef, Avodas Yisroel there that Torah study at the Eliyahu Genesis 1:1). 59 Shabbat Morning Prayers table is even better Alternatively, “the highest 60 Sabbath Musaf Prayers 19 Yismach Moshe Deuterono- heaven” (Siddur Damesek 61 Etz Yosef, Avodas Yisroel my 33:4 Eliezer). See Psalms 148:4 62 See Ecclesiastes 9:7

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(Avodas Yisroel, Siddur Yaivetz, Avodas Yisroel, Mateh Yehuda Ù“˜ , Ibn Ezra, Ralbag, Etz Yosef, Mateh Yehuda) 81 See Shabbos 113a (Mateh Metsudas Tzion, Metsudas 63 Avodas Yisroel, Mateh Yehuda) Dovid Proverbs 29:21, Etz Yehuda 82 Siddur Yaivetz Yosef, Siddur Yaivetz, Avodas 64 Mateh Yehuda 83 See Exodus 39:32 (Mateh Yisroel, Mateh Yehuda 65 See Psalms 31:20 (Mateh Yehuda) 98 Sefer Chasidim 149 Yehuda) 84 Siddur Yaivetz 99 Eruvin 43b according to 66 Kabbalas Shabbos LiRav 85 See Exodus 20:10 (Siddur Rashi Chaim Maza Yaivetz). See also Leviticus 100 Shabbat Secrets p. 2 67 Etz Yosef. For further 23:3 (Etz Yosef) 101 Rabbi Berel Wein tape development of this theme, 86 Shabbos 119a, Bava Kama “Amos” see Zmiros LiShabbos Kodesh 32b (Etz Yosef, Mateh Yehuda) 102 Rashi Brachos 53a Â˘ÓÔ Im Perush Shaarei Yehoshua 87 Seder HaYom, Shaar ‰ÊÂ‰Ó‡ ‡˙ Ï‰Ú·È¯ ‰Ú˘ÂÈ , 68 Zmiros LiShabbos Kodesh Hakavanos Inyan Kabalas Beitza 23a ‡˘È¯‡È ÎÒ‡ ÒÁÂÙÈ Im Perush Shaarei Yehoshua Shabbos Lecture 1, Shulchan 103 Rashi Megillah 7b ¯ÂÂÁ‡ based on Rashi Beitza 16a Aruch HaAri (Even HaSho- ˘ÎÈÁ Ï·ÒÈÓ‡ together with È˙È¯‰ ˘Ó‰ ham) 262:12, Siddur R Romo 612:6, Rabbi Avigdor 69 Shiras David on Siddur Shabbati Miller Tape 353 70 Siddur Yaivetz 88 Mishna Berura 262:10 104 Rashash Bava Basra 98a 71 Mateh Yehuda 89 Shabbos Malkesa 3:3 105 Siddur Yaivetz, Avodas 72 Rambam Laws of Kings 90 Maharal Tiferes Yisroel 40, Yisroel 11:1 Maharsha Chidushei Agados 106 Shabbos 118a (Etz Yosef, 73 Rambam Laws of Kings Bava Kama 32b Siddur Yaivetz, Avodas Yisroel) 11:4 91 Maharsha Chidushei 107 See Isaiah 58:14 (Siddur 74 Rambam Laws of Kings Agados Bava Kama 32b Yaivetz, Avodas Yisroel, Mateh 12:1 92 Siddur Yaivetz Yehuda, Etz Yosef), which is 75 Rambam Laws of Kings 93 Rashi, Radak, Ralbag, part of saturday morning 12:5 Metsudas Tzion Kings I 5:3, kiddush 76 Anna Gotlieb, In Other Avodas Yisroel. The name 108 Rashi Shabbos 118a ·ÏÈ Words, (Targum Press, 1999), barburim2017 indicates Jonathan origin G. BresselÌ Óˆ¯È - All rights reserved The Award, p. 114 from Barbaria (Radak, 109 Avodas Yisroel, Etz Yosef, 77 Leket Sichos Mussar Vol. 1 Metsudas Tzion, Mateh Mateh Yehuda pp. 405-407 based on Yehuda) 110 See Exodus 19:5 (Siddur Medrash Tanchuma Genesis 2 94 The Living Torah Exodus Yaivetz, Avodas Yisroel), Rashi and Sheeltos DeRav Achai 16:13 citing the Septuagint. there (Mateh Yehuda) Gaon beginning of Genesis, Alternatively, “a very fatty 111 See Exodus 23:12 (Siddur Medrash Lekach Tov Genesis bird” (Mateh Yehuda citing Yaivetz). See Exodus 20:9, 2:3 Rashi Exodus 16:13). Leviticus 23:3 78 Rashi, Metsudas Tzion, Alternatively, “a fatty bird” 112 Chosom Sofer Leviticus Metsudas Dovid, Ibn Ezra (Metsudas Tzion Psalms 26:3 Psalms 84:2, Mateh Yehuda, 105:40) 113 Yismach Yisroel Exodus 1 Siddur Yaivetz 95 Meiri, Rabbeinu Gershom 114 Shulchan Aruch 250:2 79 Siddur Yaivetz Bava Basra 98a 115 Measure for measure. Beis 80 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak 96 See Rambam Shabbos 30:7 Yosef beginning of 242 Ò“Î , Etz Yosef, Siddur Yaivetz, 97 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak 116 Maharsha Shabbos 118a,

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Toldos Yaakov Yosef Behar 135 See Isaiah 58:13 (Avodas of his heart fulfilled (Mateh 117 Maharal Chidushei Yisroel, Mateh Yehuda) Yehuda) Agados Shabbos 118a 136 Romo 290:1 149 See Shabbos 118a that 118 Anaf Yosef on Ein Yaakov 137 Lit. “bleat” like a sheep. the third meal of Shabbat Shabbos 118a Rashi, Metsudas Tzion Psalms saves one from the birth pangs 119 Yismach Yisroel Exodus 1 42:2, Siddur Yaivetz, Avodas of the Messiah (Avodas Yisroel, 120 Shabbos 118ab Yisroel, Etz Yosef Etz Yosef, Mateh Yehuda) 121 Be’er HaChasidus - Zmiros 138 See Psalms 42:2 (Siddur 150 Siddur Yaivetz Shabbos p. 148 citing Beer Yaivetz, Avodas Yisroel, Etz 151 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak Moshe LiHaRaHaK Meozrov, Yosef). The translation is Ï ˆ“ presumably Genesis Saying according to Mateh Yehuda, 152 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak 7:2 that the singer is speaking to Á ¯Â“ 122 Avodas Yisroel based on God. Alternatively, “my 153 Siddur Yaivetz Exodus Rabba 25:12 & spirit” is the author’s and 154 Sefer HaMilim: Concor- Leviticus Rabba 3:1, Avodas “you” is the reader, or, “my donzia HaChadash. Misery Yisroel & Etz Yosef based on spirit” is the reader’s and here means an internal pain, Shabbos 118b “you” is Shabbat (Siddur whereas sighing represents its 123 Shulchan Aruch 306:1 Yaivetz). For another external expression (Malbim 124 Shulchan Aruch 307:6 possibility, see Siddur Yaivetz Isaiah 35:10) 125 Shulchan Aruch 306:8 139 Avodas Yisroel, Etz Yosef, 155 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak 126 Shulchan Aruch 306:6 Mateh Yehuda ‡“Á describes it as “exhaling 127 Shulchan Aruch 306:6 140 Avodas Yisroel, Etz Yosef, because of worry, ‘suspir.’” 128 Metsudas Tzion Psalms Mateh Yehuda, Siddur Yaivetz Rashi on Lamentations 1:8 4:1 141 Avodas Yisroel, Siddur also translates it as the old 129 Baruch Sheamar - Prayers Yaivetz. See Song of Songs 7:3 French “suspirer.” This is of the Year. See also Etz Yosef. 142 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape presumably “suspire” in See Psalms 4:1 (Siddur 722. See also 106 English. According to Yaivetz) 143 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape Webster’s Seventh New 130 Etz Yosef 722 based on ·˘·˙ ˘È‰ Collegiate Dictionary, 131 Etz Yosef, Avodas Yisroel, 2017˙ÚÂ‚ (mentioned Jonathan in YalkutG. Bressel“suspire” - All isrights synonymous reserved with Mateh Yehuda Reuveni Deuteronomy 4:19, the word “sigh,” which means 132 Etz Yosef Shela Tractate Shabbat Ner “to take a deep, audible breath 133 Rashi Numbers 10:34, Mitzvah) (as in weariness or grief).” Targum throughout Numbers 144 Song of Songs 2:2. For 156 See Isaiah 51:11 (Siddur 10 reason, see Rashi Yaivetz). See Isaiah 35:10 134 Siddur Yaivetz, Shulchan 145 Etz Yosef 157 Osios DiRebbe Akiva Aruch 301:1, Mishna Berura 146 Avodas Yisroel. For letter aleph 301:1, based on Shabbos additional meaning, see 158 Mateh Yehuda citing 113b that one’s way of Siddur Yaivetz & Lechem Rav Brachos 57b walking should not be like 582 159 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape one’s way of walking during 147 Brachos 57b (Etz Yosef, 722. See also 106 the week (Avodas Yisroel, Avodas Yisroel) 160 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape Mateh Yehuda), or based on 148 See Shabbos 118b that 673 Medrash Tanchuma Genesis 2 whoever takes pleasure in 161 Emunas Avraham pp. (Etz Yosef) Shabbat will have the wishes 166-167

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162 Maalos HaShabbos Vol. 1, (Kabbalas Shabbos LiRav ViNuscha pp. 238-240) p. 335 citing Zohar portion of Chaim Maza). See Psalms 184 See Deuteronomy 26:5 Emor 95a 18:32 & Samuel I 2:2 (Mateh 185 See Samuel I 2:2 (Siddur 163 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape Yehuda) Yaivetz, Avodas Yisroel) 33 and 212, all based on 173 Mateh Yehuda, Siddur 186 Kabbalas Shabbos LiRav Kiddushin 32b Yaivetz, Avodas Yisroel, Dover Chaim Maza 164 Anna Gotlieb, In Other Shalom BiSiddur Otzar 187 See Psalms 26:7 & Jonah Words, (Targum Press, 1999), HaTefillos, Iyun Tefila 2:10 (Bircas HaMazon Family, p. 126 BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos ViNuscha p. 240) 165 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur 174 Mateh Yehuda on 188 See Jeremiah 3:18-19 Otzar HaTefilos, Siddur Saturday morning song Yom (Mateh Yehuda) Yaivetz, Avodas Yisroel Shabbason on the words 189 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak 166 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur livnei emunim, claiming that ˆÂ“„ , Siddur Tefilas Yisroel Otzar HaTefilos, Siddur so are called the people of LiRav Shlomo Yanovsky citing Yaivetz, Avodas Yisroel Israel, based on Samuel II Joshua 9:5 167 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur 20:19. Alternatively, “my 190 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak Otzar HaTefilos, Siddur trusted ones” (Siddur Yaivetz) „ ÁÒ“ Yaivetz 175 Sentence break is 191 See Psalms 117:2 (Mateh 168 Siddur Yaivetz, Avodas according to Iyun Tefila Yehuda) Yisroel BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos. For 192 Siddur Tefilas Yisroel 169 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur an alternative punctuation, LiRav Shlomo Yanovsky Otzar HaTefilos, Siddur see Siddur Yaivetz 193 Kabbalas Shabbos LiRav Yaivetz 176 See Ruth 2:14 (Siddur Chaim Maza 170 Dover Shalom BiSiddur Yaivetz) 194 Kabbalas Shabbos LiRav Otzar HaTefillos based on 177 Avodas Yisroel, Iyun Tefila Chaim Maza Sotah 10ab. See also Genesis BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos, 195 Rashi Psalms 117:2, Rabba 43:7, 49:4, 54:6, Mateh Yehuda, based on Siddur Yaivetz Yalkut Shimoni Genesis Deuteronomy 8:10 196 Siddur Yaivetz 14:74, 18:82 178 See Kings II 4:43 (Iyun 197 Siddur Yaivetz 171 Siddur Tefilas Yisroel Tefila2017 BiSiddur Jonathan Otzar G. Bressel198 See - AllPsalms rights 26:8 reserved (Bircas LiRav Shlomo Yanovsky HaTefilos ). See Kings II 4:44 HaMazon ViNuscha p. 243) 172 Mateh Yehuda, Siddur (Siddur Yaivetz) 199 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak Yaivetz later on tsureinu, Sifri 179 Based on Seforno Exodus Ê·“Ï , Rashi Genesis 30:20 Deuteronomy 32:4. See 36:7 200 This refers to the Holy Deuteronomy 32:18 180 Geulas Yisroel 178 (p. 41), Temple (Siddur Yaivetz, (Kabbalas Shabbos LiRav Pas Lechem on Blessing after Avodas Yisroel). See Kings I Chaim Maza). Alternatively, the Meal 8:13 (Avodas Yisroel) “The Powerful One” (Sifri 181 Pas Lechem on Blessing 201 Targum Lamentations Deuteronomy 32:31, Sefer after the Meal citing ViZos 4:20. Alternatively, “We will Shorashim Li’Radak ˆÂ“¯ , LiYehudah keep waiting for the Messiah Targum Deuteronomy 182 Mateh Yehuda so long as we have breath in 32:31). See Deuteronomy 183 Rashi Deuteronomy our nostrils.” (Siddur Yaivetz). 8:15 (Kabbalas Shabbos LiRav 26:5. Alternatively, “we praise See Lamentations 4:20 Chaim Maza). Alternatively, and say,” or “we testify and (Siddur Yaivetz, Mateh “The One Who forms” say” (Bircas HaMazon Yehuda, Avodas Yisroel)

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202 About our redemption Psalms 145:7), including song 214 Shem HaGedolim (Siddur Yaivetz). See Psalms (Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak LiChida book È˘¯‡Ï ÊÓÈ¯Â˙ 96:1 (Mateh Yehuda), Isaiah ¯“ , Ralbag Kings I:8:28), a 215 Siddur Yaivetz. Master of 42:10 (Bircas HaMazon form of happiness (Zohar this world and also the ViNuscha p. 246) Exodus 169b), specifically in countless upper worlds, 203 The words ¯‰ and ¯Ô the downfall of evil (Yalkut situated one above the other are synonyms (Sefer Shorashim Shimoni Parables 11 (947), (Shir Tzion) Li’Radak ¯“‰ ) with several Radak Kings I:22:36, Gra on 216 See Daniel 2:29 (Siddur shades of meaning: a form of Samuel I:2:1 & on Proverbs Yaivetz), Daniel 2:37 prayer (Metsudas Tzion 11:10). These meanings can 217 Siddur Yaivetz, Pirchei Jeremiah 7:16, 11:14, Rashi overlap Shoshanim. For alternative Psalms 84:3, Deuteronomy 204 Siddur Yaivetz translation, see Friday night Rabba 2:1, Brachos 31a), 205 See Kaddish prayer Angels praise (Deuteronomy Rabba (Bircas HaMazon ViNuscha p. 218 Siddur Yaivetz 2:1, Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 246) 219 Pirchei Shoshanim 149 (889), Jerusalem Talmud 206 Siddur Yaivetz 220 Pirchei Shoshanim, Succah 16a chap. 3, law 10, 207 See Deuteronomy 16:17 Targum Judges 4:12. See gemara, Targum Leviticus (Mateh Yehuda) Daniel 2:10 (Avodas Yisroel) 9:24, Deuteronomy 32:43, 208 Avodas Yisroel based on 221 See Daniel 3:32 (Siddur Isaiah 35:6, Psalms 126:2,5,6, Isaiah 33:5 Yaivetz) 145:7, Parables 1:20, Rashi 209 Siddur Yaivetz. Some 222 Siddur Yaivetz, Pirchei Leviticus 9:24, Deuteronomy understand this stanza as Shoshanim 32:43, Brachos 31a ÊÂ ¯È‰ paralleling the fourth blessing 223 Targum Isaiah 64:7 ˙ÙÈÏ‰ , Ralbag Kings I:8:28, of blessing after the meal. In 224 Siddur Tefilas Yisroel Rabeinu Bachaya Deuterono- such case, the refilling of the LiRav Shlomo Yanovsky my 32:43, Ohr HaChaim city of Zion would be to 225 Pirchei Shoshanim, Siddur Deuteronomy 32:43), an repair the destruction of the Yaivetz outcry, announcement, or populace of Beitar, discussed 226 Pirchei Shoshanim, Siddur explicit expression (Targum in the fourth blessing Yaivetz Kings I:22:36, Rashi Parables (Kabbalas2017 Jonathan Shabbos LiRav G. Bressel227 - Metsudas All rights Dovid reserved, Saadya 1:20, 8:3, Chronicles II:6:19, Chaim Maza). For additional Gaon Daniel 4:14, Siddur Ibn Ezra Leviticus 9:24, translation, see Mateh Yehuda Yaivetz Psalms 145:7, Parables 1:20, 210 Emanuel Feldman, The 228 Sefer HaAruch ÚÈ“¯ , Rashi Lamentations 2:19, Sefer Shul Without a Clock, Pesachim 33a ÚÈ¯ÈÔ , Saadya Shorashim Li’Radak ¯“ , (Jerusalem/NY: Feldheim Gaon, Metsudas Dovid Daniel Radak Kings I:22:36, Publishers, 2001), pp. 71-73 4:14, Siddur Yaivetz, Avodas Jeremiah 7:16, Metsudas Tzion 211 Duvid Werdyger, Songs of Yisroel citing Daniel 4:14, Kings I:22:36, Parables 1:20, Hope, as told to Avraham Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Otzar 8:3, Ralbag Kings I:22:36, Yaakov Finkel, (NY: CIS HaTefilos. See Daniel 4:10 Rabeinu Bachaya Deuterono- Publishers, 1993), pp. 236- 229 Avodas Yisroel citing my 32:43, Avudraham, Siddur 237 Daniel 4:9, Siddur Yaivetz, Yaivetz on Shmonei Esrei 212 Seder Zmiros Li’Shabbos Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Otzar Shabbat Afternoon Prayers HaMiforash HaTefilos. See targum Genesis “Yitzchak Yiranen”, Etz Yosef 213 Avodas Yisroel, Iyun Tefila 3:1,14 on Morning Prayers Ashrei BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos 230 Pirchei Shoshanim. See

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friday night songs friday night songs saturday morning kiddush Targum Genesis 2:20 Jerusalem Brachos 9:1 (63b) 231 Siddur Yaivetz, Iyun Tefila 246 Seder Zmiros Li’Shabbos 1992), Kiddush Cup, pp. 412- BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos, HaMiforash 413 Avodas Yisroel 247 Rashi, Targum Genesis 2 Peska Friedman, Going 232 Siddur Yaivetz 43:34, Avodas Yisroel. Forward, (Brooklyn, NY: 233 Sefer HaAruch Ó“Î , Alternatively, “a gift” Artscroll Mesorah Publica- Pirchei Shoshanim (Metsudas Tzion, Metsudas tions, 1994), pp. 18-19 234 Avodas Yisroel. Lit. high Dovid Jeremiah 40:5, Ibn 3 Shulchan Aruch 289:1 (Siddur Yaivetz, Iyun Tefila Ezra, Rashbam Genesis 4 Mishna Berura 289:2 BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos) 43:34). See Genesis 43:34 5 Shulchan Aruch 288:1 235 Targum Genesis 31:45, (Avodas Yisroel), Esther 2:18 6 Mishna Berura 288:1 37:7 248 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak 7 Shulchan Aruch 289:1 236 Siddur Yaivetz, Pirchei ‡¯“Á , Avodas Yisroel 8 Beur Halacha 289:1 ÁÂ·˙ Shoshanim 249 See Jeremiah 48:41 ˘ ˜È„Â 237 Siddur Yaivetz. Alterna- (Avodas Yisroel) 9 Shulchan Aruch 289:1 tively, “Would not [be able to] 250 See Job 30:25 (Avodas 10 Ran on Pesachim 106a (p. fathom your might.” (Iyun Yisroel) 22a) ÊÎ¯‰Â , Avudraham Tefila BiSiddur Otzar 251 See Isaiah 30:15 Friday night prayers, Shibulei HaTefilos, Avodas Yisroel). See 252 An internal, spiritual HaLeket 84, Kol Bo end of 31 also Pirchei Shoshanim nobility (Malbim Leviticus 11 Shulchan Aruch 289:1, 238 Pirchei Shoshanim 19:15 (38), Numbers 27:20, Pesachim 106a 239 Siddur Yaivetz, Iyun Tefila Psalms 104:1) 12 Pri Tsadik Eikev 9. BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos, 253 See Psalms 76:12 (Avodas Alternatively, the sole Pirchei Shoshanim, Avodas Yisroel) obligatory portion of this Yisroel 254 Shir Tzion kiddush is the blessing on 240 Sefer HaAruch Ú“ wine, which always (Rashi, 241 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur friday night Rashbam Pesachim 106a Otzar HaTefilos, Pirchei blessing after the meal ¯·‰ ˜È„Â˘‡ , Shibulei HaLeket Shoshanim, Avodas Yisroel 84) appears first (Avudraham 242 Pirchei Shoshanim, Iyun 1 Devora2017 Gliksman, Jonathan A Sun G. BresselFriday -night All rights prayers, reserved Kol Bo Tefila BiSiddur Otzar and a Shield, (Jerusalem/NY: end of 31, Sefer HaManhig HaTefilos Feldheim Publishers, 1996), Laws of Shabbat 44) in 243 Rashi, Metsudas Tzion p. 44 collections of blessings Psalms 45:2. Alternatively, 2 Dina Gabel, Behind the Ice surrounding ceremonies translate as “praise” (Iyun Curtain, (NY: CIS Publishers, based on a cup of wine Tefila BiSiddur Otzar 1992), p. 352 13 Pri Tsadik Vayigash 9 HaTefilos) 3 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape 14 Implied by Romo 274:1 244 Siddur Tefilas Yisroel 722 and by Beis Yosef 291 LiRav Shlomo Yanovsky based 15 Likutei Moharach citing on Medrash Sochar Tov Psalms saturday morning Hagaos Maimoni Laws of 45:2 kiddush Shabbat 29:100 and Machzor 245 Ruchoma Shain, All for Vitri Laws of Shabbat from the Boss, (Jerusalem/NY: 1 Anna Gotlieb, Between the Sefer HaTerumah 44 Feldheim Publishers, 1984), Lines (Princeton, New Jersey: 16 Shiurei Torah pp. 105-106. Compare Bristol, Rhein & Englander, LiHaGRACH Naeh 3:6 that it

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is 3.0 fl. ozs. (86 ml.) (also Bechaya ˘·˙ ). Violating 43 Metsudas Dovid cited by Shmirat Shabbat Shabbat implies a lack of 44 Radak Kihilchota 47:9). Others say belief in God’s creation of the 45 Rashi 3.3 fl. ozs. (93 ml.) (Kol Dodi world (Kad HaKemach 46 Radak, Metsudas Dovid Haggadah 2:5-6, based on LiRabbeinu Bechaya ˘·˙ , 47 Exodus 31:16-17 measurements by his father Rashi end of Chulin 5a), 48 Exodus 25:8, 29:43-46, Rav Moshe Feinstein in Igros which in turn implies a lack of Rashi 29:43,46 Moshe Orach Chaim I:136 and belief in the entire Torah 49 This is a tremendous on Mishna Berura 271:68 and (Magid Mishna on Rambam understatement. Findings 486:1 which state that one Shabbat 30:15) published in 2004 indicate a can be lenient in cases where 26 Radak, Metsudas Dovid minimal universe radius of the subject is of only Rabbinic 27 Radak, Metsudas Dovid over 24 billion parsecs, or over origin). Still others say 5.3 fl. 28 Metsudas Dovid 78 billion light years, or over ozs. (150 ml.) (Shiurin Shel 29 Metsudas Dovid 740 billion-trillion kilometers Torah in Shiurei HaMitzvos 30 Based on Sefas Emes (American Physical Society’s 18, based on rulings of Likuttim Yitro on Exodus Physical Review Letters, Vol. Chazon Ish (Orach Chaim 39) 20:8, Emes Veemuna - Kotzk p. 92, Issue 20, Number 201302 (also cited by Shmirat Shabbat 32 (19 May 2004), Letter: Kihilchota 47:9)) 31 Exodus 20:8 Constraining the Topology of 17 Siddur R Shabbati 32 Siddur Yaivetz the Universe, Neil J. Cornish, 18 Tiferes HaShabbos, Shaarei 33 Kad HaKemach Li- David N. Spergel, Glenn D. Teshuva 289:1 citing Birkai Rabbeinu Bechaya Shabbat, Starkman, Eiichiro Komatsu) Yosef LiChidah 289:2 Radak Isaiah 58:13-14 50 The number of observable inferring from Sefer 34 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape galaxies in the late 1980’s was HaKavonos Shabbat Morning 673 at least one billion (p. 9), each Meal that the ARI did so and 35 Metsudas Dovid of which was estimated to that so did the holy Rabbis of 36 Metsudas Dovid, Metsudas contain over one hundred Jerusalem Tzion, Rashi Deuteronomy billion stars (p. 7) (Realm of 19 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape 32:132017 Jonathan G. Bresselthe Universe,- All rights Abell, reserved Morri- 909 37 Tana DiBei Eliyahu 26 son, Wolff, Saunders College 20 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape 38 Leket Sichos Mussar Vol. 1, Publishing, Fourth Edition, 14 p. 429 1988), giving a total of one 21 Emunas Avraham p. 132 39 Psalms 33:6 hundred billion-billion stars. 22 Likutei Moharach 40 Will and Testament of Compare to Brachos 32b, the 23 Shulchan Aruch 289:1 Rabbi David HaKohen simple reading of which yields 24 Isaiah 58:13-14 Ashkenazi in Hanhagos over one billion-billion stars 25 Heard from Deana Bressel. Tsadikim Vol. 4 or 5, p. 394, There are as many stars as Shabbat observance weighs paragraph 7. See Jerusalem there are grains of sand on the against all of the laws of the Talmud Shabbos 15:3 beaches (Rabbi Avigdor Miller Torah (Chulin 5a, Rambam 41 Metsudas Dovid Tape 357) Shabbat 30:15. For a 42 Kad HaKemach Li- 51 See also Rashi Deuterono- description of how this is Rabbeinu Bechaya ˘·˙ , my 10:14 evident from the Prophets, see Radak. See also Rambam Laws 52 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape Kad HaKemach LiRabbeinu of Shabbos 30:15 355, 696. See Numbers

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Rabba 12:3 For further meanings, see Ohr 90 Seforno 53 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape HaChaim 91 Rashi based on Mechilta 355, 696, 722 63 Kesav Sofer 92 Seforno 54 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape 64 Tiferes Avos Exodus 31:16 93 Rashbam 355, 696. We can further note 65 Mechilta Exodus 31:16 94 Ramban the importance of the Holy 66 Jerusalem Talmud Taanis Temple by measuring the 1:1 at end, Exodus Rabba saturday morning fraction of the Torah that 25:12, Medrash Sochar Tov washing the hands discusses it. No other topic Psalms 95:7, Yalkut Shimoni &blessing on bread covers so vast a span of the 852. Some say two Shabbats Torah as the description of the (Shabbos 118b) 1 David Fisher, Reb Chaim construction and function of 67 Pisgamei Oraisa p. 59 Gelb, (Brooklyn, NY: the Holy Temple (Rabbi 68 HaKisav ViHaKaballah Artscroll Mesorah Publica- Avigdor Miller Tape 683, 696). Exodus 31:16 tions, 1989), pp. 63-64 Even the holiness of the 69 Ohr HaChaim Exodus 2 Abraham J. Twerski, greatest day of awe in the 31:17 Generation to Generation, Jewish calendar was overrid- 70 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape (Brooklyn, NY: Traditional den by the happiness of the 722. See also 106 Press, 1987), pp. 131-132 Jewish people on the 71 Reishis Chochmo Shaar dedication day of the Holy Hakedusha 2 saturday morning meal Temple. King Solomon and 72 Sabbath: Day of Eternity p. the prophets cancelled that 24 1 Shlomo Zalman Sonnen- year’s fast of Yom Kippur 73 Exodus 20:8-11 feld, Voices in the Silence, (Moed Katan 9a), because the 74 Ramban (Jerusalem/NY: Feldheim holiness achieved through the 75 Ramban Publishers, 1992), pp. 131- Holy Temple dedication made 76 Rashi, Mishna Berura 133 the holiness of Yom Kippur 250:2 2 Devora Gliksman, A Sun superfluous (Rabbi Avigdor 77 Toras Moshe Alshich and a Shield, (Jerusalem/NY: Miller Tape 304) 78 Seforno2017 onJonathan previous verseG. BresselFeldheim - All Publishers, rights reserved 1996), 55 Rashi & Ramban Exodus 79 Rashi pp. 149-150 31:13. In tractate Yevamos 6a, 80 Tur 306 3 Anna Gotlieb, Between the this appears to be learned 81 Rashi Deuteronomy Lines (Princeton, New Jersey: from a different verse 15:11, Sifsei Chochomim there Bristol, Rhein & Englander, 56 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape 82 Rabeinu Bachaya 1992), Cholent, p. 390 722 83 Medrash Rabba Numbers 4 Shulchan Aruch 318. You 57 Rav Gedaliah Tiktin in 10:1 may reheat a pot of non- Kerem Shlomo Year 10 vol. 5, 84 Ohr HaChaim Genesis 2:3 liquid, fully cooked food, by Kedushas Levi Exodus 31:16 and Exodus 20:11 placing it at a convenient time 58 Based on Ohr HaChaim 85 Shabbos 119b on top of the hot cholent pot 59 Avos DiRebbe Nosson 31 86 Maharal Tiferes Yisroel 40 (Shulchan Aruch 318:8, 60 Amalah Shel Torah (found (p. 121) Mishna Berura 318:60) at end of Pri Tsadik Vol. 3) 6 87 Mechilta described in the text 61 Orach Chaim 88 Rashi 5 So people say 62 Targum Yonason Ben Uziel. 89 Ohr HaChaim 6 Shulchan Aruch 318

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7 Taste of Shabbos Cookbook p. person’s dining room table, to Tefila BiSiddur Otzar 50 emphasize that one leaves this HaTefilos), 6:14 (Mateh 8 Jerusalem Post, Sunday, world with nothing except for Yehuda), 7:9 (Avodas Yisroel), February 8, 1998, Vol. LXVI, good deeds done, including 21 Siddur Yaivetz, Etz Yosef No. 19849, p. 1, Helen Kaye, feeding the poor at the table 22 Etz Yosef. See Psalms 68:5 More than 100 Participate in (Rabeinu Bachaya Exodus (Avodas Yisroel, Mateh the Quest for the Ultimate 25:23 (says France), Shulchan Yehuda), Metsudas Dovid, Ibn Cholent Shel Arba first gate (says Ezra, Meiri there, Sefer 9 Mishna Berura 257:48 Spain)) Shorashim Li’Radak Ú¯“· . 10 Romo 257:8 6 Seder Zmiros Li’Shabbos This refers to the top of seven 11 Meor HaKatan Shabbos HaMiforash layers of heaven described in 16b (pagination of Rif) 7 See Genesis 14:20 (Avodas Chagiga 12b Yisroel, Mateh Yehuda, Iyun 23 Siddur Yaivetz saturday morning songs Tefila BiSiddur Otzar 24 Siddur Yaivetz, Avodas HaTefilos) Yisroel, Iyun Tefila BiSiddur 1 Abraham J. Twerski, 8 Siddur Yaivetz Otzar HaTefilos, Etz Yosef. See Generation to Generation, 9 See Kings I 8:56 (Siddur Deuteronomy 32:1 (Siddur (Brooklyn, NY: Traditional Yaivetz) Yaivetz), Ecclesiastes 12:9 Press, 1987), p. 126 10 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Otzar (Siddur Yaivetz, Avodas Yisroel, 2 Retrieved from HaTefilos, Prchei Shoshanim Mateh Yehuda) groups.yahoo.com/neo/ 11 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak 25 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Otzar groups/adailydose/conversa- ˘‡“‰ and ˘“‡ . See HaTefilos tions/messages/37 Lamentations 3:47 (Etz Yosef, 26 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Otzar Courtesy of Tradition of Avodas Yisroel, Mateh Yehuda) HaTefilos. This telling was Kindness; from their free 12 Targum Deuteronomy through the prophet Isaiah “Daily Dose of Kindness” e- 30:4, Jeremiah 23:8, Psalms (Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Otzar mails. Explore the world of 147:2 HaTefilos citing Isaiah 58:13). Jewish kindness and subscribe 13 See Jeremiah 30:17 (Mateh Alternatively, this telling was to the “Daily Dose of Yehuda, Iyun Tefila BiSiddur hrough “His pleasant words Kindness” at their website Otzar2017 HaTefilos Jonathan) G. Bressel(Siddur - All Yaivetz rights, Etz reserved Yosef) on www.TraditionOfKindness.org14 Ibn Ezra, Ralbag, Metsudas Mt. Sinai” (Siddur Yaivetz) in or e-mail Tzion, Metsudas Dovid Job which Shabbat was men- [email protected] 19:2. See Job 19:2 (Avodas tioned as one of the Ten 3 See also Genesis Rabba 11:4 Yisroel, Mateh Yehuda, Iyun Commandments 4 Abraham J. Twerski, Not Tefila BiSiddur Otzar 27 Siddur Yaivetz, Etz Yosef, Just Stories, (Brooklyn, NY: HaTefilos) Mateh Yehuda, Yair Ohr Shaar Press, 1997), pp. 330- 15 Shabbo Malkisa LiRav LaMalbim Ê:1 331 Chaim Maza 28 See Leviticus 2:5 (Iyun 5 Shlomo Zalman Sonnen- 16 Pirchei Shoshanim Tefila BiSiddur Otzar feld, Voices in the Silence, 17 Mateh Yehuda citing HaTefilos) (Jerusalem/NY: Feldheim Lamentations 1:21 29 Siddur Yaivetz Publishers, 1992), pp. 136- 18 Siddur Yaivetz 30 Ohr HaChaim Deuterono- 139. There is a tradition in 19 See Exodus 20:10 (Etz my 33:26. See also Daas France of burying a person in Yosef, Mateh Yehuda) Zekeinim MiBaalei HaTosafos a coffin constructed from the 20 See Leviticus 2:5 (Iyun there

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31 Meiri Psalms 68:5, Ohr 92:1, Sheeltos DeRav Achai Yehuda, Siddur Yaivetz). HaChaim Deuteronomy Gaon 1, Daas Zekeinim Alternatively, “an offering” 33:26, Mateh Yehuda citing MiBaalei HaTosafos Numbers (Targum Genesis 32:19, Radak Psalms 68:5. See also 28:9, Rokeach Numbers 28:9 43:11, 15, 26) Deuteronomy 33:26 46 Shabbos Malkisa LiRav 57 Siddur Yaivetz 32 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape Chaim Maza 58 Malbim Psalms 7:9, 18:24, 350 47 Mateh Yehuda citing 101:2, Parables 11:20, Job 33 Aderes Eliyahu Genesis 2:9 Exodus 22:2 1:1. This refers to the Jewish 34 Metsudas Tzion and Rashi 48 Siddur Yaivetz & Etz Yosef people (Mateh Yehuda, Siddur Psalms 1:1; Metsudas Tzion citing Genesis 32:32. For Yaivetz) Psalms 119:1,144:15; further discussion, see 59 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Otzar Metsudas Dovid Psalms commentary on friday HaTefilos, Siddur Yaivetz, Etz 144:15; Targum Genesis night song how cherished Yosef 30:13 is your rest and on 60 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak 35 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak saturday morning kiddush ˆ“¯ , Etz Yosef, Iyun Tefila ÁÎ“‰ , Metsudas Tzion Isaiah 49 See Genesis 32:32 BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos, 30:18, Etz Yosef, Siddur 50 Siddur Yaivetz Siddur Yaivetz Yaivetz. See Isaiah 30:18 (Iyun 51 See Isaiah 56 (Siddur 61 Etz Yosef, Iyun Tefila Tefila BiSiddur Otzar Yaivetz), 56:2 (Avodas Yisroel) BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos, HaTefilos) and 56:6 (Mateh Yehuda) Avodas Yisroel, Mateh Yehuda 36 This phrase is borrowed 52 Etz Yosef, Mateh Yehuda 62 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Otzar from a Talmudic term (Bava 53 This Talmudic term is HaTefilos, Siddur Yaivetz, Kama 62b) for a specific form borrowed from Chulin 33a Mateh Yehuda. Alternatively, of legal payment (Iyun Tefila (Avodas Yisroel), 36b (Siddur “will wrap” (Etz Yosef) BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos). Yaivetz, Mateh Yehuda), 63 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Otzar Alternatively, “payment many Pesachim 20a and Rabbeinu HaTefilos, Avodas Yisroel. times over” (Etz Yosef) Chananel there Alternatively, “will find 37 Etz Yosef, Avodas Yisroel, 54 Mateh Yehuda; Siddur satisfaction in them” (Siddur Mateh Yehuda, Siddur Yaivetz Yaivetz; Etz Yosef; Sefer Yaivetz, Mateh Yehuda) 38 Siddur Yaivetz Shorashim2017 Li’RadakJonathan ÁÂ“Ï G.; Bressel64 Iyun - TefilaAll rights BiSiddur reserved Otzar 39 Rashi Exodus 19:9, 20:18. Targum , Rashi Deuteronomy HaTefilos on Saturday See Kings I 8:12 (Mateh 32:18; Rashi, Ibn Ezra, morning Amidah prayer. For Yehuda) Targum, Metsudas Dovid, further explanations, see Etz 40 See Deuteronomy 1:7 (Etz Metsudas Tzion Psalms 51:7; Yosef on Saturday morning Yosef, Mateh Yehuda) Targum, Metsudas Dovid, Amidah prayer and Avudra- 41 See Deuteronomy 12:9 Metsudas Tzion Psalms 90:2; ham on Friday night prayers. (Mateh Yehuda) Rashi, Metsudas Dovid, For an interesting synthesis, 42 Mateh Yehuda, Siddur Metsudas Tzion, Isaiah 51:2. see Siddur Yaivetz Yaivetz, note on Etz Yosef See Deuteronomy 32:18 65 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak citing Meitiv Nagen (Mateh Yehuda) ‰Ï“Ó , Ezekiel 28:13 & 43 Etz Yosef, Avodas Yisroel, 55 Etz Yosef Metsudas Dovid there Siddur Yaivetz 56 Etz Yosef, Siddur Yaivetz, 66 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Otzar 44 Etz Yosef, Avodas Yisroel, Targum Yonason Ben Uziel HaTefilos Mateh Yehuda Genesis 32:19, 43:11, 15, 26. 67 Shabbos 88a 45 Medrash Sochar Tov Psalms See Genesis 32:19 (Mateh 68 Shem MiShmuel Vayikrah

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year 671, 676, and Ben Miller Tape 326 both sexes. This appears to be Yihoyada Beitza 16a both 79 Edith Krohn, The Way it his tack at the end of his citing Shaar HaKavanos Inyan Was, (Brooklyn, NY: Artscroll commentary on Leviticus ‰˘·˙ ÏÈÂÌ ˘È¯ ÓÊÓÂ¯ , Sefas Mesorah Publications, 1989), 19:3 when discussing Rashi Emes Tisa 632 on Exodus p. 193 92 Etz Yosef, Avodas Yisroel, 31:16, Beer Moshe LiHaRa- 80 See Genesis 2:3 (Siddur Mateh Yehuda HaK Meozrov Numbers 16:4 Yaivetz, Mateh Yehuda) 93 Etz Yosef, Siddur Yaivetz. citing Pri Etz Chaim Shabbat 81 Siddur Yaivetz Alternatively, “and perfect chapter 8, Chosom Sofer 82 Siddur Yaivetz ones (the Jewish people) will Exodus 31:17 83 Rashi Leviticus 25:2, break bread on two loaves” 69 See Exodus 20:8 (Iyun Seforno, Orach Chaim Exodus (Etz Yosef) Tefila BiSiddur Otzar 20:10. See Exodus 20:10 (Etz 94 Rav Yosef Chaim Shneur HaTefilos, Siddur Yaivetz, Yosef, Mateh Yehuda) Kotler in Haggadah Arzei Mateh Yehuda) 84 Siddur Yaivetz HaLivanon Vol. 2 pp. 65-66, 70 Etz Yosef. See Samuel I 2:1 85 Avodas Yisroel, Siddur Geulas Yisroel 17 (p. 17) (Mateh Yehuda) Yaivetz. For a discussion of 95 See Nechemia 8:10 71 Etz Yosef the missing word in, see (Avodas Yisroel, Siddur Yaivetz, 72 Etz Yosef. See Numbers 6:7 commentary on the last Mateh Yehuda) (Mateh Yehuda), Exodus 29:6 paragraph preceding the 96 Etz Yosef, Avodas Yisroel, 73 Etz Yosef, Iyun Tefila blessing on wine in saturday Siddur Yaivetz BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos, morning kiddush 97 See Genesis 28:20 (Siddur Avodas Yisroel, Siddur Yaivetz, 86 The entire stanza is Yaivetz, Mateh Yehuda) Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak modeled after Exodus 20:9- 98 Hirsch Genesis 47:22. See Ó˘“Á , Rashi Genesis 31:13, 11 (Siddur Yaivetz). See Parables 30:8 (Siddur Yaivetz, Mateh Yehuda citing Rashi Exodus 31:17 (Mateh Yehuda) Mateh Yehuda, Etz Yosef). Exodus 29:29 87 Seforno Exodus 34:21 Daily allotment of bread 74 See Exodus 31:14 (Mateh 88 Ramban Leviticus 25:2 (Rashi Genesis 47:22) Yehuda, Iyun Tefila BiSiddur 89 See commentary on 99 Siddur Yaivetz Otzar HaTefilos), Exodus 35:2 “beginning day” in last 100 See Deuteronomy 8:9 (Siddur Yaivetz) paragraph2017 Jonathan of friday nightG. Bressel(Etz - Yosef All ,rights Avodas Yisroelreserved, 75 Targum, Metsudas Dovid kiddush Mateh Yehuda) Ezekiel 44:30. See Ezekiel 90 Rashi Deuteronomy 15:11 101 See Deuteronomy 8:10 44:30 (Etz Yosef, Iyun Tefila 91 Based on principles 102 See Deuteronomy 7:14 BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos, described in Malbim. On (Siddur Yaivetz, Mateh Avodas Yisroel, Mateh Yehuda, Leviticus 19:3 he explains Yehuda) Siddur Yaivetz) that the word ‡È˘ is male if 103 Shabbos Malkisa LiRav 76 See Exodus 35:3 (Siddur the adjoining verb is singular, Chaim Maza Yaivetz), Leviticus 23:3 (Iyun but includes both sexes if the 104 Shulchan Shabbat Tefila BiSiddur Otzar verb is plural. Here the verb is 105 See Psalms 19:2 (Mateh HaTefilos) singular, however on Leviticus Yehuda, Siddur Yaivetz, Avodas 77 See Exodus 20:10 (Siddur 20:98 he adds that the Yisroel) Yaivetz, Iyun Tefila BiSiddur doubled word ‡È˘ ‡È˘ 106 See Psalms 33:5 (Mateh Otzar HaTefilos, Mateh includes both sexes. It would Yehuda, Avodas Yisroel), Yehuda) then seem logical that the 119:64 (Siddur Yaivetz) 78 Based on Rabbi Avigdor word ÎÏ (all) here includes 107 See Isaiah 66:2 (Mateh

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saturday morning songs saturday morning songs saturday morning songs

Yehuda, Siddur Yaivetz, Avodas (Siddur Yaivetz) 141 Etz Yosef Yisroel, Etz Yosef) 126 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak 142 Siddur Yaivetz, Mateh 108 See Deuteronomy 32:4 Ò‚“ . This refers to the Kohen Yehuda (Mateh Yehuda, Siddur priests (Etz Yosef, Avodas 143 Siddur Yaivetz Yaivetz, Avodas Yisroel) Yisroel, Siddur Yaivetz). See 144 Avodas Yisroel, Mateh 109 Toldos Yaakov Yosef Nechemia 4:8,13 (Mateh Yehuda Exodus 1:1 Yehuda, Siddur Yaivetz) 145 Pirchei Shoshanim 110 Hillel Goldberg in S. 127 Siddur Yaivetz, Avodas 146 Divrei Yechezkel Finkelman, Shabbos, Yisroel, Mateh Yehuda (Halbershtam) Deuteronomy (Brooklyn, NY: Artscroll 128 Mateh Yehuda. See citing his Rabbi Mesorah Publications, 1991), Leviticus 24:8 (Mateh Yehuda) 147 Akiva Tatz, Anatomy of a p. 79, note 17. Copyright © 129 Mateh Yehuda, Avodas Search (Brooklyn, NY: 2003 by Hillel Goldberg Yisroel Artscroll Mesorah Publica- 111 Anna Gotlieb, Between 130 Etz Yosef, Mateh Yehuda tions, 1987), pp. 18-20 the Lines (Princeton, New 131 Leviticus 24:5-9 148 Seder Zmiros Li’Shabbos Jersey: Bristol, Rhein & 132 Siddur Yaivetz HaMiforash Englander, 1992), To See 133 Medrash Tanchuma 149 Meitiv Nagen based on Shabbos, pp. 408-409 Genesis 3 Song of Songs 5:2, 6:9; Etz 112 Seder Zmiros Li’Shabbos 134 Avodas Yisroel Yosef based on Brachos 53b, HaMiforash 135 Etz Yosef, Siddur Yaivetz Shabbos 49a and 130a, Gittin 113 Mateh Yehuda, Siddur 136 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak 45a, Sanhedrin 95a, Song of Yaivetz ÒÂ“‚ . See Isaiah 42:17 (Mateh Songs 4:1; Song of Songs 2:14 114 Yair Ohr LaMalbim ‡:12 Yehuda) (Avodas Yisroel) 115 See Exodus 31:17 (Mateh 137 Siddur Yaivetz, Mateh 150 Siddur Yaivetz, Meitiv Yehuda, Siddur Yaivetz, Avodas Yehuda Nagen Yisroel, Etz Yosef) 138 Siddur Yaivetz, Mateh 151 Meitiv Nagen, Imrei 116 This stanza is based on Yehuda, Avodas Yisroel. Noam Noach Likutim 3 (Year Isaiah 58. For commentary, Alternatively, “One who 2000 printing), Reishis see saturday morning begins creative work on Chochmo Gate of Holiness kiddush [Shabbat]”2017 Jonathan(Rashi, Metsudas G. Bressel7:102, -all All citing rights Tikunei reserved 117 See Psalms 1:2 (Mateh Dovid , Metsudas Tzion Zohar 6. See also Zohar Yehuda) Jeremiah 25:29) Numbers 179b 118 See Psalms 19:8 (Mateh 139 See Exodus 31:14 (Mateh 152 Genesis 8:8-12 Yehuda) Yehuda). If desecrating 153 Etz Yosef, Mateh Yehuda. 119 Etz Yosef citing Tur 290 Shabbat excises from For proof through calcula- citing Medrash connection to God, then tion, see Pirchei Shoshanim 120 Mateh Yehuda observing Shabbat will 154 Mateh Yehuda citing 121 Etz Yosef, Siddur Yaivetz. connect me to God. Therefore Genesis Rabba 33:6, Etz Yosef See Isaiah 29:19 (Mateh I will cleanse my heart in 155 Mateh Yehuda, Siddur Yehuda) preparation for entering the Yaivetz. Alternatively, “One 122 Yair Ohr LaMalbim ‡:12 palace of the King (Shem who mentions it is…” (Etz 123 Etz Yosef, Siddur Yaivetz MiShmuel Vayikra 676) Yosef) 124 Siddur Yaivetz 140 Siddur Yaivetz, Etz Yosef, 156 Etz Yosef, Siddur Yaivetz 125 Etz Yosef. Alternatively, Shir Tzion. See Jeremiah 2:22 157 See Leviticus 2:9 (Mateh “It is written in God’s Torah” (Etz Yosef, Mateh Yehuda) Yehuda). See Exodus 29:25,

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saturday morning songs saturday morning songs saturday morning songs

Leviticus 1:9, 2:2,12, 181 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak Malkisa LiRav Chaim Maza) Numbers 28:6,8,13,24,27, Ú“‰ , Siddur Yaivetz) 196 Shulchan Shabbat based 29:2,6,8,13,36 182 See Isaiah 40:29 (Siddur on Shabbat 88b 158 Siddur Yaivetz Yaivetz, Avodas Yisroel, Mateh 197 Siddur Yaivetz, Mateh 159 See Genesis 8:9 (Avodas Yehuda) Yehuda Yisroel, Siddur Yaivetz) 183 Siddur Yaivetz 198 Etz Yosef 160 See Job 3:16 (Avodas 184 Siddur Yaivetz, Mateh 199 Etz Yosef Yisroel, Siddur Yaivetz, Mateh Yehuda 200 Siddur Yaivetz Yehuda) 185 Siddur Yaivetz 201 Hirsch Psalms Psalms 161 Yismach Moshe Genesis 186 Etz Yosef 119:176, Metsudas Dovid 2:2 187 Siddur Yaivetz based on Isaiah 53:6 162 Etz Yosef, Siddur Yaivetz Rashbam Exodus 24:7. Some 202 See Isaiah 53:6 (Mateh 163 Rashi Exodus 29:18, understand this more Yehuda), Psalms 119:176 (Etz 29:25, Rashi, Malbim radically, that we will agree to Yosef) Leviticus 1:9, Rashi Numbers fulfill the Torah even before 203 See Isaiah 54:9 (Etz Yosef, 28:8 we know its content and only Siddur Yaivetz, Avodas Yisroel, 164 Heard from Deana Bressel later will we hear [what is in] Mateh Yehuda) based on Chovos HaLevavos it (Shabbos Malkisa LiRav 204 Etz Yosef, Siddur Yaivetz, 3:3:7, 8:3:4, 8:3:18 Chaim Maza, presumably Mateh Yehuda 165 Lechem Rav 721 based on Shabbos 88a 205 Mateh Yehuda 166 Siddur Yaivetz according to Rashi & 206 Siddur Yaivetz 167 Etz Yosef, Mateh Yehuda Maharsha) 207 Chaim Shlomo Fried- 168 Mateh Yehuda citing 188 Tikkun Tefila BiSiddur man, Dare to Survive, Samuel II 20:19 Otzar HaTefilos on morning translated by Avraham Yaakov 169 Avodas Yisroel, Siddur blessings citing Isaiah 40:29 Finkel, (NY: CIS Publishers, Yaivetz, Mateh Yehuda 189 Etz Yosef on morning 1991), pp. 91-92 170 Siddur Yaivetz blessings 208 Leibel (Leon) Sanik, 171 See Exodus 31:18, 190 Siddur Yaivetz Someday We’ll be Free, (NY: Deuteronomy 4:13 191 Siddur Yaivetz. Alterna- CIS Publishers, 1994), p. 182 172 Siddur Yaivetz. Alterna- tively,2017 “through Jonathan his holy G. Bressel209 - Seder All rightsZmiros reservedLi’Shabbos tively, “is engraved… by the prophet Moses” (Etz Yosef) HaMiforash Powerful…” (Avodas Yisroel) 192 Mateh Yehuda. Alterna- 210 Siddur Yaivetz, Etz Yosef 173 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak tively, “to study and to fulfill” 211 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak  ‡Â“ (Siddur Yaivetz, Avodas „¯“¯ , Mateh Yehuda 174 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak Yisroel) 212 See Exodus 20:10 (Mateh ˆ ‡Ó“ 193 See Nahum 2:2 (Siddur Yehuda) 175 See Isaiah 40:26 (Siddur Yaivetz, Avodas Yisroel, Mateh 213 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak Yaivetz, Mateh Yehuda, Avodas Yehuda) ˆ“¯ , Etz Yosef, Siddur Yaivetz Yisroel). See Job 9:4 194 Etz Yosef, Siddur Yaivetz, 214 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak 176 Siddur Yaivetz Shabbos Malkisa LiRav Chaim ··“˙ , Etz Yosef, Siddur 177 Mateh Yehuda Maza Yaivetz, Avodas Yisroel, Mateh 178 See Exodus 24:7 (Mateh 195 Avodas Yisroel, Mateh Yehuda citing Radak Zacharia Yehuda) Yehuda, Shabbos Malkisa 2:12. See Radak Psalms 17:8 179 See Exodus 24:3 LiRav Chaim Maza. See (Mateh Yehuda on Friday 180 Siddur Yaivetz Genesis Rabba 55:7 (Shabbos night song Ma Yafit)

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saturday morning songs saturday morning songs saturday morning songs

215 Etz Yosef, Siddur Yaivetz, Isaiah 5:2 247 Etz Yosef, Mateh Yehuda Avodas Yisroel. See Psalms 229 Radak Isaiah 5:2 248 Mateh Yehuda citing Sefer 135:3 (Siddur Yaivetz, Mateh 230 Siddur Yaivetz Shorashim Li’Radak ˜Â“Ó Yehuda) 231 Mateh Yehuda 249 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak 216 Siddur Yaivetz, Avodas 232 Mateh Yehuda citing ÓÂ“‚ , Siddur Yaivetz, Mateh Yisroel. See Lamentations Isaiah 5:2 Yehuda. See Joshua 2:9 (Etz 5:15 (Etz Yosef), Genesis 8:22 233 Techeles Mordechai Yosef), Ezekiel 21:20 (Mateh (Mateh Yehuda) (Shwadran) Likutei Zmiros Yehuda) 217 Etz Yosef, Siddur Yaivetz, Shabbos 250 Etz Yosef, Mateh Yehuda, Avodas Yisroel. See Exodus 234 Radak Isaiah 63:3 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak ‚“ . 16:29 (Mateh Yehuda, Siddur 235 Radak Isaiah 63:3 Alternatively, with melting Yaivetz) 236 Radak Isaiah 63:1. and broken heart (Siddur 218 Targum, Targum Yonason Alternatively, the Edomite Yaivetz, Mateh Yehuda). See Ben Uziel Exodus 15:13 capital Lamentations 3:65 (Siddur 219 See Psalms 86:17 (Mateh 237 See Isaiah 63:1,3 (Etz Yaivetz, Mateh Yehuda) Yehuda) Yosef, Siddur Yaivetz, Avodas 251 See Psalms 81:11 (Etz 220 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak Yisroel, Mateh Yehuda) Yosef, Siddur Yaivetz, Mateh ˘¯“˜ , Rashi and Radak Isaiah 238 Etz Yosef Yehuda) 5:2, Avodas Yisroel, Mateh 239 See Jeremiah 1:10 (Etz 252 Translation is according Yehuda. See Isaiah 5:2 (Etz Yosef) to Mateh Yehuda. Others Yosef, Siddur Yaivetz, Avodas 240 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak translate that we will fill our Yisroel, Mateh Yehuda). See ¯ Ú·“ mouths as well as our tongues also Rashi Genesis 49:11 241 See Psalms 27:7 (Mateh (Siddur Yaivetz). See Psalms 221 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak Yehuda) 126:2 (Avodas Yisroel, Mateh ‰ ˘Ú“ 242 See Isaiah 41:19 (Etz Yehuda) 222 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak Yosef, Siddur Yaivetz, Avodas 253 See Parables 24:14 ˘Â“Ú , Rashi, Metsudas Dovid, Yisroel, Mateh Yehuda) (Siddur Yaivetz, Mateh Metsudas Tzion, Radak 243 Bava Basra 80b translates Yehuda, Avodas Yisroel) Jeremiah 8:19 as ˙Â¯È˙‡ , which Rashbam 254 See Parables 14:18 223 See Jeremiah 8:19 (Mateh translates2017 as Jonathan ÙÈÔ , which G. Bressel(Mateh - YehudaAll rights) reserved Yehuda) Targum HaLaaz translates, 255 Siddur Yaivetz, Mateh 224 Mateh Yehuda on pine-tree Yehuda, Avodas Yisroel. See Saturday morning song 244 Bava Basra 80b translates Isaiah 49:7 (Avodas Yisroel), Shimru Shabbsosai as ·¯˙È , which Rashbam Parables 6:20 (Mateh Yehuda) 225 Etz Yosef, Siddur Yaivetz translates as ·ÂÈÈ˘ , which 256 Mateh Yehuda 226 Ramban Exodus 15:13 Targum HaLaaz translates, 257 Siddur Tefilas Yisroel citing Mechilta there, Etz box-tree LiRav Shlomo Yanovsky Yosef, Siddur Yaivetz, Avodas 245 Bava Basra 80b translates 258 Shabbos Malkisa LiRav Yisroel, Mateh Yehuda citing as ˘‡‚‡ , which Rashbam Chaim Maza Targum Yonason Ben Uziel translates as ˘Û , which 259 Avodas Yisroel Exodus 15:13 Targum HaLaaz translates, 260 Siddur Yaivetz 227 Etz Yosef, Avodas Yisroel, fir-tree 261 Etz Yosef , Radak Isaiah Mateh Yehuda citing Kings I 246 See Isaiah 66:12 (Etz 41:19, Metsudas Dovid 41:19 6:3 Yosef), Isaiah 48:18 (Siddur 262 Siddur Yaivetz, Mateh 228 Avodas Yisroel, Radak Yaivetz, Mateh Yehuda) Yehuda, Avodas Yisroel, Etz

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saturday morning songs saturday afternoon saturday afternoon washing the hands washing the hands Yosef &blessing on bread &blessing on bread 263 Siddur Yaivetz, Metsudas Dovid Isaiah 66:12 “Daily Dose of Kindness” e- For an analysis of this 264 Shabbos Malkisa LiRav mails. Explore the world of explanation, see Minhag Chaim Maza Jewish kindness and subscribe Yisroel Torah 271:9 265 Siddur Yaivetz, Etz Yosef, to the “Daily Dose of 8 Zohar Yisro 88a Pirchei Shoshanim Kindness” at their website 9 Kaf HaChaim Palajy 36:45 266 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape www.TraditionOfKindness.org 10 Bnei Yissaschar Sayings of 722 or e-mail Shabbos 7:13 267 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape [email protected] 673 3 Shulchan Aruch, Romo saturday afternoon meal 268 Shabbos Malkisa LiRav 291:4, Mishna Berura Chaim Maza 291:21,23 1 Divrei Yechezkel Shraga Al 269 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape 4 Ta’amei HaMinhagim 281 HaTorah Vayechi 721 482, 673, 689, 722, partially citing Eshel Avraham 2 Peska Friedman, Going based on Rambam Commen- (Butshatsh) end of 271 (He Forward, (Brooklyn, NY: tary on Mishnah, Introduc- also asks that if the covering is Artscroll Mesorah Publica- tion to Sanhedrin, chap. 10, because of the manna, then tions, 1994), pp. 32-33 and Laws of Repentance 8:2 why do we not do it during 3 Shulchan Aruch 299:1, 270 Shabbos Malkisa LiRav the week as well? He answers Mishna Berura 299:1. No Chaim Maza according to the Zohar that earlier than half a seasonal 271 Avodas Yisroel says that the days of the week hour (See notes on candle receive their blessing from lighting) before midday saturday morning Shabbat, and thus we (Shulchan Aruch 291:2) blessing after the meal commemorate the manna on 4 Mishna Berura 299:1 relying Shabbat.), Be’er HaChasidus - on opinions that daytime 1 Anna Gotlieb, Between the Zmiros Shabbos p. 275 citing ends a long time after sunset Lines (Princeton, New Jersey: Kaf HaChaim 291:34 (Shaar HaTziyun 299:3) Bristol, Rhein & Englander, 5 Aruch HaShulchan 299:14, 5 Romo 299:1 1992), Fruity Pebbles, pp. Dinim2017 ViHanhagos Jonathan (Minhagei G. Bressel6 Shulchan - All rights Aruch reserved291:1 318-320 Chazon Ish) 10:11, Tosafos 7 Divrei Emes Numbers Chaim 16 on Chai Adom 24:19. See also Imrei Noam saturday afternoon Shabbos 6:13 Exodus 25:27 washing the hands 6 Shulchan Aruch 291:4, 8 Machazik Bracha LiChidah &blessing on bread although there is a minority 291:1 that does say kiddush at this 9 This explains why it is 1 Aaron Chazan, Deep in the meal (Shmirat Shabbat possible to fulfill the last meal Russian Night, (NY: CIS Kihilchota 47:3, Talmid with less than a full meal, Publishers, 1990), p. 204 Rabbeinu Yona Brachos 36b because it is solely for our 2 Retrieved from (pagination of Rif) ·¯Î˙ pleasure groups.yahoo.com/neo/ ‰ÓÊÂÔ citing Rambam Laws of 10 Maharal Netivos Olam groups/adailydose/conversa- Shabbat 30:9). For additional Gmilus Chassadim end of tions/messages/4 sources, see Shmirat Shabbat chapter 1 Courtesy of Tradition of Kihilchota 47:3:12 11 Anna Gotlieb, Between the Kindness; from their free 7 Aruch HaShulchan 299:14. Lines (Princeton, New Jersey:

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saturday afternoon meal saturday afternoon songs saturday afternoon songs

Bristol, Rhein & Englander, 20 Minchas Yaakov BiSiddur 47 The letters appear to 1992), Butcher, pp. 336-337 Otzar HaTefilos number only 220. Perhaps the 21 Minchas Yaakov BiSiddur intent is to add the number of saturday afternoon songs Otzar HaTefilos verses (6) and the number of 22 Targum Deuteronomy chapters (1) as well 1 Anna Eilenberg-Eibeshitz, 33:23 48 Bnei Yissaschar Maamarei Sisters in the Storm, (NY: CIS 23 Minchas Yaakov BiSiddur HaShabbos 8:20 Publishers, 1992), pp. 75-78 Otzar HaTefilos 49 Rashi, Ibn Ezra, Metsudas 2 Be’er HaChasidus - Zmiros 24 Ahavas Shalom Pikudei Dovid, Metsudas Tzion Shabbos p. 309 citing Zohar Exodus 39:32 50 Ibn Ezra, Metsudas Tzion Exodus 88a 25 Shem MiShmuel Genesis 51 Metsudas Dovid 3 Targum Psalms 4:8 674 52 Rashi Genesis 47:17, 4 Targum Genesis 1:16 26 For a categorization of the Metsudas Tzion 5 Targum Psalms 84:10 different types of angels, see 53 Metsudas Tzion 6 Targum Isaiah 5:8 Malbim Ezekiel 1:4,5 54 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak 7 Based on Minchas Yaakov 27 Radak Isaiah 6:2 ‰ Á“ BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos 28 Isaiah 6:2 55 Rashi, Ibn Ezra, Metsudas 8 Minchas Yaakov BiSiddur 29 Malbim Isaiah 6:2 Dovid Otzar HaTefilos on Saturday 30 Minchas Yaakov BiSiddur 56 Rashi morning Otzar HaTefilos, Siddura Shel 57 Ruach Chaim 2:4 citing 9 Mateh Yehuda on Friday Shabbos Drush 1:1:20,21,31 Rav Chaim MiVolozin Song of night 31 Pirchei Shoshanim, implied Songs 1:8 10 Minchas Yaakov BiSiddur 32 Targum Proverbs 5:10, 58 Ruach Chaim 2:4 citing Otzar HaTefilos on Friday Exodus 9:16 Rav Chaim MiVolozin Song of night 33 Targum Genesis 47:20 Songs 1:8 11 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak 34 Pirchei Shoshanim 59 Ruach Chaim 2:4 citing Ï ‰Î“ 35 Pirchei Shoshanim Rav Chaim MiVolozin Song of 12 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak 36 Minchas Yaakov BiSiddur Songs 1:8 ÎÒ“Ù , Minchas Yaakov Otzar HaTefilos 60 Mei Nefesh BiSefer Beis BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos, 37 Pirchei2017 ShoshanimJonathan G. BresselYitzchok - All rights reserved Siddura Shel Shabbos Drush 38 Minchas Yaakov BiSiddur 61 Ibn Ezra. See also Metsudas 1:1:3 Otzar HaTefilos Dovid 13 Sefer HaAruch ˙Î‡ 39 Minchas Yaakov BiSiddur 62 Metsudas Dovid 14 Siddura Shel Shabbos Otzar HaTefilos 63 Metsudas Tzion Drush 1:1:17 40 Minchas Yaakov BiSiddur 64 Rashi, Metsudas Dovid 15 Targum Exodus 28:9, Rashi Otzar HaTefilos 65 Rashi, Metsudas Dovid Exodus 28:11 41 Minchas Yaakov BiSiddur 66 Metsudas Dovid 16 Minchas Yaakov BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos 67 Rashi, Metsudas Dovid, Otzar HaTefilos 42 Targum Psalms 104:18 Metsudas Tzion 17 Targum, Rashi Exodus 43 Minchas Yaakov BiSiddur 68 Ruach Chaim 2:4 citing 2:21, Rashi Genesis 18:31 Otzar HaTefilos Rav Chaim MiVolozin Song of 18 Minchas Yaakov BiSiddur 44 Pirchei Shoshanim Songs 1:8 Otzar HaTefilos 45 Pischei Chochma ViDas 69 Ruach Chaim 2:4 citing 19 Targum Deuteronomy LiRamchal principle 8 Rav Chaim MiVolozin Song of 4:17, Job 39:13 46 Psalms 23 Songs 1:8

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saturday afternoon songs saturday afternoon saturday night blessing after the meal havdallah 70 Metsudas Dovid 71 Seforno 1992), Shabbos in Jerusalem, 19 Eiruvin 65a 72 Givas Pinchas Job 15:11 pp. 270-271 20 Maharsha 73 Meiri 21 Rashi ·¯Î‰ ·ÎÏÏ ‡ÈÂ 74 Malbim saturday night 22 Romo 296:1 75 Rashi havdallah 23 Mishna Berura 296:5 76 Metsudas Dovid 24 Maharal Chidushei Agados 77 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape 1 Hirsch Siddur Shevuos 18b 337 2 Rachel Samson Rabinowitz, 25 Pri Tsadik Exodus (end of 78 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape A Jubilee of Watching, Terumah) 212 (Jerusalem/NY: Feldheim 26 Hirsch Siddur 79 Metsudas Dovid Publishers, 1994), p. 133 27 Heard from Rabbi Beryl 80 Meiri 3 Anna Gotlieb, Between the Gershenfeld 81 Rashi, Metsudas Dovid Lines (Princeton, New Jersey: 28 Rashi & Ramban Exodus 82 Mei Nefesh BiSefer Beis Bristol, Rhein & Englander, 31:13. In Yevamos 6a, this Yitzchok based on Alshich 1992), Shabbos, pp. 227-228 appears to be learned from a Psalms 16:5 4 Romo 296:1 different verse 83 Be’er HaChasidus - Zmiros 5 Shulchan Aruch 296:1 29 Shulchan Aruch 298:2 Shabbos 6 Kaf HaChaim 296:3 citing 30 Mishna Berura 298:5 84 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak Rashbatz Maimar Chametz 31 Kol Bo 41 „ „Â“ 20:17 printed in his book 32 Red, white, and blue 85 Rashi Psalms 19:11 Meivin Shmuah (Rashi Brachos 52b ‰¯·‰ ) 86 See Psalms 19:11. Sefer 7 Beur Halacha 299 Ó·¯Í 33 Brachos 52b Shorashim Li’Radak ˆÂ“Ù & ‡Á„ ÚÏ ‰ÓÊÂÔ ·¯Î˙ 34 Elya Rabba 298:1, Kaf Rashi translate, ·¯ÂÈÈ˜‡˘ , 8 Shulchan Aruch HaRav HaChaim 298:3 which Targum HaLaaz 293:1 35 Mishna Berura 298:8 translates, honeycombs 9 Mishna Berura 293:5 36 Shmirat Shabbat Kihilchota 87 See Numbers 12:13. 10 Shulchan Aruch 293:2 61:26 based on Romo 298:2 Seforno, Ohr HaChaim 11 Beur Halacha 261 ‚ ˘‰Â‡ and Mishna Berura 298:6 88 Radak Psalms 19:11 2017Â¯·ÈÚ‰ JonathanÓÈÏÈÔ G. Bressel37 Shulchan - All rights Aruch reserved 298:2 89 Mosaf HaAruch Al Sefer 12 Igros Moshe Orach Chaim 38 Opinions cited by Shmirat HaAruch Â˙“˜ . See also Rashi IV:62 Shabbat Kihilchota 61:32 Brachos 9b Â˙È˜ÈÔ , and 26a 13 A fortiori based on relative 39 Shulchan Aruch 296:6, Ô ÏÂ˙È˜È latitude Shmirat Shabbat Kihilchota 90 See Genesis 31:30. Sefer 14 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak 60:22 and note 60 Shorashim Li’Radak ÎÒ“Ù , Ï ·„“ 40 Shulchan Aruch 296:6 Targum, Rashi, Ibn Ezra, 15 Rambam Shabbos 29:1, 41 Mishna Berura 296:27 Seforno Sefer HaChinuch 31, others 42 Romo 296:6, Shulchan cited in The Radiance of Aruch HaRav 296:15. saturday afternoon Shabbos 18:note 1, 19:notes According to this opinion, blessing after the meal 5,6 sitting is not required, because 16 Kaf HaChaim 296:5 the fact that everyone is 1 Anna Gotlieb, Between the 17 Romo 296:1, Mishna assembled to fulfill an Lines (Princeton, New Jersey: Berura 296:5 obligation makes the leader Bristol, Rhein & Englander, 18 Mishna Berura 296:5 able to fulfill everyone’s

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saturday night saturday night saturday night havdallah havdallah havdallah

obligation (Mishna Berura 64 Hirsch Psalms 20:10 Vaeschanan 1) 296:27) 65 The Radiance of Shabbos 85 Reishis Chochmo Gate of 43 Mishna Berura 296:27 21:I:5, Likutei Moharach. Love 6:67 44 Shmirat Shabbat Kihilchota This refers to the blessing on 86 Tur 297, Mishna Berura 60:24 and note 71 citing the flame (Levush 296:1) 297:2 Shulchan Aruch 183:5 66 Esther 8:16 87 Rashi Beitsa 16a ˘Ó‰ 45 Shulchan Aruch 297:1. 67 Etz Yosef ‰ È˙È¯ Some do not lift the spices, 68 Praise My Soul 240 (p. 83) 88 Tosafos Beitsa 33b ‰ÂÈÔ ÎÈ but rather leave them on the 69 Hirsch Siddur Sabbath and and Pesachim 102b ‡Ó¯ ¯· . table in front of them (Aruch Holiday Evening Prayer See also Rashi Beitsa 16a ÂÈÙ˘ HaShulchan 296:17) 70 Romo 296:1. This refers to 89 Mishna Berura 297:10 46 Shulchan Aruch 296:6 the blessing on wine (Levush 90 Mishna Berura 297:3 47 Romo 296:1. This refers to 296:1) 91 Shulchan Aruch 297:2 the blessing on spices, whose 71 Psalms 116:13 92 Shmirat Shabbat Kihilchota purpose is to ease the soul at 72 Shulchan Shabbat, Rabbi 61:7 the departure of Shabbat Avigdor Miller Tape 722 93 Mishna Berura 296:31 (Levush 296:1) 73 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape 94 Mishna Berura 298:13 48 Romo 296:1 353 95 Romo 298:3 49 Metsudas Dovid Isaiah 12:2 74 Shulchan Shabbat 96 Shulchan Aruch 298:3, 50 Targum Exodus 15:2, 75 Siddur Yaivetz, Shulchan Mishna Berura 298:9 Metsudas Tzion Isaiah 12:2 Aruch HaRav 296:16 97 Shulchan Aruch 298:1 51 Metsudas Tzion Isaiah 76 Shulchan Aruch 296:6 98 Mishna Berura 298:6 12:2, Rashi Genesis 43:11 77 Shulchan Aruch 297:1. The 99 Kuntreis Ish Itair L’Rav based on Targum, Ibn Ezra same applies if you can not Chaim Kanievsky law 45 43:11. See also Rashi Exodus smell (Shulchan Aruch 297:5, 100 Mishna Berura 298:10 15:2 implied by Ben Ish Chai 1 101 Romo 298:3. Some also 52 Exodus 15:2 Vaeschanan 2) then open and turn over their 53 Metsudas Tzion Isaiah 12:2 78 Shulchan Aruch 206:4, hand and look at the nails of 54 Isaiah 12:2-3 Mishna2017 Berura Jonathan 296:29, ChaiG. Bresselthe four - Allfingers rights on the reserved back of 55 Psalms 3:9. Metsudas Adom 9:24, Shulchan Aruch their open hand (Mishna Dovid Psalms 3:9, Metsudas HaRav 296:16 Berura 298:11) Tzion Psalms 3:3, Metsudas 79 Mishna Berura 296:30 and 102 Ta’amei HaMinhagim Dovid Psalms 3:5 182:1 415 citing Teshuvas MaHa- 56 Metsudas Dovid Psalms 80 Aruch HaShulchan 296:17, Ram MeRutemberg 538 24:10 Siddur Yaivetz 103 Heard from Rabbi Beryl 57 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak 81 Shulchan Aruch 297:4 Gershenfeld based on Tolaas · ˘‚“ 82 Mishna Berura 297:8 Yaakov 58 Psalms 46:12 83 Romo 297:4, Mishna 104 The Radiance of Shabbos 59 Psalms 84:13 Berura 297:8 23:VII:5 citing Rav Moshe 60 Targum, Hirsch Psalms 84 Brochos 43b, Maharsha. Feinstein Psalms 20:10 Some say that the soul 105 Siddur Yaivetz, Rav Moshe 61 Psalms 20:10 continues to enjoy fragrance Feinstein responsum 4 in The 62 Metsudas Dovid Isaiah 12:2 long after the body no longer Radiance of Shabbos. Order 63 Praise My Soul 238 (p. 82) detects it (Ben Ish Chai 1 given in the text is according

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to Mishna Berura 296:31 and by The Radiance of Shabbos end Kaf HaChaim 296:45 21: note 16, citing Rav Chaim 139 Ben Ish Chai 2 Vayetzei (because all blessings of praise Pinchas Sheinberg Shlita 26 are said after the action) 118 Mishna Berura 296:3 140 Mishna Berura 300:2 106 Mishna Berura 298:9. For 119 See Leviticus 10:10 (Etz 141 Mishna Berura 300:1 more reasons, see Ta’amei Yosef) HaMinhagim 415 120 See Genesis 1:4 (Etz blessing after the meal 107 Shulchan Aruch 298:1 Yosef) introduction 108 Mishna Berura 296:3 121 See Leviticus 20:26 (Etz 109 Romo 296:1 as explained Yosef) 1 Anna Gotlieb, Between the by The Radiance of Shabbos 122 Igros Moshe Orach Chaim Lines (Princeton, New Jersey: 21, note 16, citing Rav Chaim 4:70:1 Bristol, Rhein & Englander, Pinchas Sheinberg Shlita 123 See Chulin 63b and Ibn 1992), Reflections, pp. 404- 110 Mishna Berura 296:3 Ezra Leviticus 20:25 405 111 Mishna Berura 298:1, 124 Rabbi Isaac Bernstein, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 298:1. tape on Kedoshim, Leviticus blessing after the meal This reason alone is insuffi- 20:25, citing “a significant a song of ascents cient to justify saying a personality” blessing. If it were, we would 125 Mishna Berura 296:6, 1 Psalms 126 expect to see a special blessing Shulchan Aruch HaRav 2 Radak, Rashi, Ibn Ezra, for each object at its original 296:15 Metsudas Dovid Psalms 120:1 time of creation (e.g. for 126 Shulchan Aruch HaRav 3 Kaf HaChaim 157:18 citing plants on the third day, fish 296:15 Ohr Tzadikim Laws of Meals on the fifth day, etc.). Yet 127 Mishna Berura 296:6. 3:19 & Shela Gate of Letters there are no such blessings. This is to guarantee drinking Kedushas HaAchila Flame is special, because its enough to enable saying a 4 Shela Gate of Letters forbidden status on Shabbat blessing after wine Kedushas HaAchila citing makes the moment after 128 Mishna Berura 296:23 Zohar Teruma 157b Shabbat look like a new time 1292017 Shulchan Jonathan Aruch HaRav G. Bressel5 Mishna - All rightsBerura 1:11,reserved Kitzur of creation. (Be’er Heitev 271:25 Shelah Blessing after the Meal, 299:14 at end, Aruch 130 Romo 296:1 Kaf HaChaim 157:18 citing HaShulchan 298:2, Shulchan 131 Shulchan Aruch HaRav Ohr Tzadikim 23:19 and Aruch HaRav 298:1, all based 296:5 Shela Gate of Letters Kedushas on Teshuvas HaRashba 159) 132 Romo 296:1 HaAchila 112 Pesachim 54a 133 Minhag Yisroel Torah 6 Siddur Otzar HaTefilos 113 Heard from Rabbi Beryl 296:2, The Radiance of 7 Kaf HaChaim 157:18 citing Gershenfeld based on Pirkei Shabbos 21:I:8 Ohr Tzadikim 23:19 and DiRebbe Eliezer chapter 20 134 Shulchan Aruch 300:1 Shela Gate of Letters Kedushas 114 Hirsch Siddur 135 Shulchan Aruch 300:1 HaAchila 115 Rabeinu Bachaya Exodus 136 Mishna Berura 300:3 8 Radak, Rashi, Ibn Ezra, 35:2 137 Heard from Rabbi Metsudas Dovid Psalms 120:1. 116 Shmirat Shabbat Yitzchak Adlerstein Succah 51b Kihilchota 60:24 138 Tseida LaDerech Saying 4, 9 Metsudas Tzion 117 Romo 296:1 as explained Principle 1, Chap. 7 toward 10 Rashi, Metsudas Dovid

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blessing after the meal blessing after the meal blessing after the meal a song of ascents a song of ascents 212 11 See also Deuteronomy 35 Mei Nefesh BiSefer Beis 9 Mishna Berura 184:18 30:3, Jeremiah 48:47,49:39, Yitzchok based on Rashi, Ibn 10 Mishna Berura 184:1 Ezekiel 29:14 Ezra, Metsudas Dovid 11 Heard from Rabbi Beryl 12 Targum Gershenfeld based on Ruth 13 Rashi Deuteronomy 30:3 blessing after the meal Rabba 5:15 and MaHaRZO 14 Meiri washing the hands there 15 Rashi Deuteronomy 30:3 12 Deuteronomy 8:10 16 Metsudas Dovid, Radak 1 Shulchan Aruch 181:4 13 Hirsch Deuteronomy 8:10, 17 Chidushe Maran Griz 2 Mishna Berura 181:1 Hirsch Siddur HaLevi Al HaTorah Megillas 3 Shulchan Aruch 181:10 14 Shulchan Aruch 180:1 Esther 9:28 4 Mishna Berura 181:22 15 Minhag Yisroel Torah 180:2 18 Seforno, Ibn Ezra, Meiri 5 Genesis 13:13 16 Based on Mishna Berura 19 Meiri 6 Sanhedrin 109a 180:1, Levush 180:2 20 Drashos Chosom Sofer II, p. 7 Genesis Rabba 49:6, 50:7, 17 Mishna Berura 180:1, 368c Sanhedrin 109 Levush 180:1 21 Mei Nefesh BiSefer Beis 8 My Prayer pp. 291-292 18 Rabbi Yoel Schwartz in And Yitzchok citing Ohr HaTzvi 9 Wash the area from the You Shall Bless p. 18 drush li’bein hameitzarim 68 finger tips to at least the 19 Mishna Berura 180:2, 22 Ibn Ezra second knuckle from the Levush 180:2, Rashi Sanhe- 23 Ginzei Yosef Tazria finger tips (Shulchan Aruch drin 92a ˘ÏÈÓ‰ „ÏÈÎ‡ Â‰‡ , 24 Shevet MeYehuda Terumah 181:4) Yad Rama Sanhedrin 92a 667 10 Kaf HaChaim 181:8 20 Kings II 4:43 25 Haggadah Machazeh 11 Shulchan Aruch 181:8, 21 Rashi Sanhedrin 92a ÎÏ Avraham Mishna Berura 181:19 ˘‡ÈÂ , Mishna Berura 180:2, 26 Drashos Chosom Sofer I, p. 12 Mishna Berura 181:24 Levush 180:2 91d 22 Rabbi Yoel Schwartz in And 27 Rashi, Metsudas Dovid, blessing after the meal You Shall Bless p. 18 Metsudas Tzion 23 Mishna Berura 201:1 28 Ibn Ezra, Meiri 1 Shulchan2017 JonathanAruch 183:7 G. Bressel24 Romo - All 201:1 rights reserved 29 Metsudas Dovid, Malbim 2 Mishna Berura 183:27 25 Shulchan Aruch 201:1 30 Ibn Ezra. See also Radak 3 Shulchan Aruch 188:1 26 Mishna Berura 182:16 31 Gra Imrei Noam Brachos 4 Rashba Brochos 48b, Rosh 27 Minhag Yisroel Torah 182:1 31a. Or, the nations continue, Brochos 7:22, Tur 188 & Beis 28 Seder HaYom Friday night “We now see that when we Yosef 187 citing Ramban in meal were happy and we had it all, Sefer HaHasagos Root 1. See 29 Mekor Chaim (MeBaal it was really God who gave it also Medrash Rabba Numbers Chavas Yair) 274:1 strongly all to us, and not Nature (Mei 23:7 recommends it at least for the Nefesh BiSefer Beis Yitzchok 5 Shulchan Aruch 188:1 three meals of Shabbat citing Ohr HaTzvi drush 6 Brochos 48b 30 Beur Halacha 271:13 ˘Ï li’bein hameitzarim 68) 7 Chosom Sofer Toras Moshe ˙ ¯·ÈÚÈ 32 Metsudas Dovid Deuteronomy 8:10, Chosom 31 Romo 199:10, Mishna 33 Alshich Sofer on Torah ‰‡ÊÈÂ entry Ï‡ Berura 199:13 34 Drashos Chosom Sofer I, p. Â ˙˙‚Â„„ 32 Shulchan Aruch 199:6 172c 8 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape 33 Shiurei Torah

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LiHaGRACH Naeh 3:12 violate Shulchan Aruch 192:1, Webster’s Seventh New 34 Shulchan Aruch 196:4, nonetheless translating Collegiate Dictionary defines Mishna Berura 197:20 otherwise seems impossible grace as, “1a unmerited divine 35 Shulchan Aruch 197:2, 56 Shulchan Aruch 192:1 assistance given man for his Mishna Berura 197:20,22 57 The lesson is to extrapolate regeneration or sanctifica- 36 Shulchan Aruch 197:2 from the eating to see the tion.” Gra Parables 3:4, 31:30 37 Mishna Berura 197:22 goodness found in the entire defines it as “free”, which 38 Shulchan Aruch 197:2 world (Leket Sichos Mussar explains the expression “to 39 Shulchan Aruch 197:3, Vol. 1 p. 406) find grace.” Something free is Mishna Berura 197:20 58 Shulchan Aruch 198:1 found, not acquired 40 Shulchan Aruch 199:7 59 Shulchan Aruch 192:1 67 Rashi Genesis 31:54, 41 Aruch HaShulchan 199:2 60 The last sentence should Leviticus 21:17,21; Maharal 42 Implied by Shulchan Aruch be said only by the leader of a Netivos Olam Netiv HaAvoda 198:1. Regarding women communal invitation to bless 17, Targum and Radak Psalms having to join the zimun if (Mishna Berura 192:4). See 136:25 three or more men present, Tur 192, Maharal Netivos 68 Genesis 7:15-16 see Shulchan Aruch 199:7 and Olam Netiv HaAvoda 18, 69 Maharal Netivos Olam see also Responsa Shevet Avudraham, Darchei Moshe Netiv HaAvoda 18. See Psalms HaLevi 1:38 192:2, Levush 192:1, Elya 136:25 (Mateh Yehuda). 43 Shulchan Aruch 197:2 Rabba 192:2, Bach 192, Alternatively, “eternal” 44 Mishna Berura 197:14 Magen Avraham 192 at (Metsudas Dovid Psalms 45 Shulchan Aruch 197:2 beginning, Shaarei Teshuva 136:1, Siddur Rokeach), or, 46 Hirsch Siddur 192:3, Ateres Zikeinim 192. “continuous” (Ibn Ezra 47 Maharal Derech HaChaim Some say it should be said Psalms 136:8) 3:3 only for an invitation 70 Avodas Yisroel, Mateh 48 Maharal Derech HaChaim comprising ten or more (Bach Yehuda, Shibulei HaLeket 157, 3:6 192, Ateres Zikeinim 192). Olas Tamid Hominer 30, 49 Shulchan Aruch 139:7, Some say not to say it at all Siddur Rokeach on end of this Talmid Rabbeinu Yona (Taz 192:1, Mateh Moshe 346, paragraph. Based on Shabbos Brachos 49a (36b) ÓÎÈÂÔ citing Shulchan2017 Jonathan Aruch 192:1 G. Bressel107b, - All Avodah rights Zara reserved 3b Harav Rabbi Yehuda (implied)). Some say that all 71 Siddur Tefilas Yisroel LiRav Barceloni and Rabbi Seadya participants should say it, but Shlomo Yanovsky Gaon only for an invitation 72 Mateh Yehuda 50 This prelude initiates the comprising three or more 73 Mateh Yehuda holiness introduced by the (Emek Bracha). For analysis, 74 Mateh Yehuda, Aruch invitation to bless after the see Sheerusa DiTzilusa HaShulchan 187:3 concern- meal (Mishna Berura 192:2) 61 Shulchan Aruch 197:3 ing the later phrase “prepares 51 Mishna Berura 192:2 62 Mishna Berura 183:28 food for all of His creatures”. 52 Psalms 113:2 63 Brochos 48b Grace, kindness, and mercy 53 Shulchan Aruch 192:1 64 Hirsch Deuteronomy 8:10 refer to three levels of God’s 54 Regarding standing when 65 Mateh Yehuda, Maharal provision of food to people. there are ten, see Minhag Netivos Olam Netiv HaAvoda Grace refers to the wealthy Yisroel Torah 192:1 18 whom God has decided to 55 Although adding the 66 Rashi Deuteronomy 3:23 grace with everything, words “The One” might translates ÁÂÔ , as a free gift. kindness refers to the middle

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classes who have all of their 89 Anaf Yosef BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos based on Brachos needs met, but do not have HaTefilos citing Shela Gate of 58a luxuries, and mercy refers to Letters Kedushas HaAchila 101 Mishmar HaLeviim the poor, for whom even 90 Bircas Hamazon Im Beur Brachos section 44, based on necessities come with a HaGrach Kanievsky Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 136 struggle. (Aruch HaShulchan 91 Etz Yosef, Avudraham, and Targum Deuteronomy 187:4) The struggle and the Peirush Bircas Hamazon LiRav 8:18 lack is not because God does Nosson Shapira 102 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape not wish to provide (Mei 92 See note on similar 595 Nefesh BiSefer Beis Yitzchok), language in second blessing 103 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape but rather because it serves a 93 See Samuel I 12:22 (Bircas 348 positive purpose for the HaMazon ViNuscha p. 237) 104 Maharal Netivos Olam person (Aruch HaShulchan 94 Pirchei Shoshanim, Rashi Netiv HaAvoda 18 187:4, Mei Nefesh BiSefer Beis Bava Metzia 69b Â‡Ù¯Ò‰ , 105 Brochos 48b Yitzchok) in the larger scheme Bava Basra 9a ÏÈ‰ Ù¯Ò˙ , 106 Alshich Deuteronomy known only to God. For some Gittin 12b Ù¯Ò‰ , Mordechai 8:10. For an alternative view, possible reasons, see Aruch Brachos 217, Maharal Netivos see note on the parallel idea HaShulchan 187:4 Olam Netiv HaAvoda 18, on the third blessing 75 Praise My Soul 397 (p. Aruch HaShulchan 187:5, 107 Zohar Exodus 157a, 142) Peirush Bircas Hamazon LiRav Taanis 10a, Rashi Ecclesiastes 76 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape Nosson Shapira, Siddur 2:5. See also Rashi Deuteron- 337 Rokeach, Mateh Moshe 315, omy 11:12 based on Sifri, 77 Mateh Yehuda Pri Megadim Eshel Avraham Rashi Deuteronomy 33:25 78 Mateh Yehuda 187 at beginning, Mishpetsos based on Sifri, Imrei Noam 79 Siddur Tefilas Yisroel LiRav Zahav 188 at end. See also Brachos 35a, Zohar Chodosh Shlomo Yanovsky Kesubos 68b (Pirchei Ruth 99a 80 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape Shoshanim), 50b, Imrei Noam 108 Aderes Eliyahu LiBen Ish 722 Brachos 28a Chai Deuteronomy 8:10 81 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape 95 Romo 183:7 109 See Psalms 79:13 (Tur 287, 588 96 Bircas2017 HaMazon Jonathan ViNuscha G. Bressel187, Mateh - All Yehudarights, reservedIyun 82 Based on Praise My Soul p. 142, Praise My Soul 394 Tefila BiSiddur Otzar 394 (p. 140) 97 Maharal Netivos Olam HaTefilos) and Ibn Ezra and 83 Praise My Soul 394 (p. Netiv HaAvoda 18. Alterna- Metsudas Dovid there 140) tively, feeding others is an 110 See Jeremiah 3:19 (Mateh 84 Seder Zmiros LiShabbos Im inherent aspect of God, as Yehuda on Friday night song Perush Mekor HaTefillah expressed by His great name Tsur Mishelo, Pas Lechem). 85 Sing You Righteous 335 (p. (ibid) See also Psalms 106:24. The 150). See also Praise My Soul 98 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape word “desirable” typically 748 (p. 257) 595. See also A Nation is Born refers to nonphysical 86 Praise My Soul 394 (pp. 16:25 (pp. 216-217) pleasures (Gra Parables 2:16) 140-141) 99 Leviticus Rabba 14:2 (Iyun 111 According to God’s 87 Mateh Yehuda citing Radak Tefila BiSiddur Otzar promise to us in Deuterono- Psalms 136:25 HaTefilos), Kiddushin 32b my 8:7-10 (Rabbi Yoel 88 See note on similar 100 Lechem Rav 215, Iyun Schwartz in And You Shall language in second blessing Tefila BiSiddur Otzar Bless p. 32)

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112 See Exodus 3:8 (Mateh 131 Targum Yonason Ben Shapira) or an unspecified Yehuda) Uziel Exodus 3:8 period throughout the day 113 Bircas Hamazon Im Beur 132 Ramban Exodus 3:8 (Vayaas Avraham in Tsilusa HaGrach Kanievsky 133 Medrash HaGadol DiAvraham Siddur) 114 Vayaas Avraham in Tsilusa Exodus 3:8 139 Darchei Moshe 187:3 DiAvraham Siddur, Beer 134 Medrash HaGadol 140 Bircas Hamazon Im Beur Moshe LiHaRaHaK Meozrov Exodus 3:8, Rabbi Yoel HaGrach Kanievsky citing Exodus pp. 307-308 Schwartz in And You Shall Pesachim 116b 115 Siddur Yaivetz Bless p. 32 based on Gittin 141 Avudraham 116 Bircas HaMazon 57a. Accordingly, the land is 142 Shulchan Shel Arba chap. ViNuscha p. 78 based on sometimes referred to as the 1, Avudraham Alshich Deuteronomy 8:10 land of the deer, because when 143 Imrei Aharon based on 117 Exodus Rabba 32:2. a deer is skinned its hide Menachos 43b. As a sign that Most of the reasons following contracts to a tiny size and yet we are God’s servants (Pas are found there. It is the land that same skin once covered Lechem) that everyone desired (Siddur an entire deer. So too the land 144 Shulchan Shabbat Rokeach) of Israel expands its capacity 145 Mei Nefesh BiSefer Beis 118 Exodus 3:8, 3:17, 13:5, to sustain the population as Yitzchok 33:3, Leviticus 20:24, the population grows 146 Kuntreis Avodas HaTefil- Numbers 13:27, 14:8, 16:13, 135 Rashi, Targum Deuteron- lah Bircas HaMazon citing 16:14, Deuteronomy 6:3, omy 6:12, where you did not HaRav Mattesyahu Solomon 11:9, 26:9, 26:15, 27:3, have cities and houses that 147 Praise My Soul 402 (p. 31:20, Joshua 5:6, Jeremiah were full (Ibn Ezra Deuteron- 145) 11:5, 32:22, Ezekiel 20:6, omy 6:12). Alternatively, 148 Praise My Soul 394 (p. 20:15 from a condition of spiritual 141) 119 Kol Bo 25 (Beer Moshe LiHaRaHaK 149 Avudraham, Etz Yosef, 120 Genesis Rabba 85:14 Meozrov Exodus pp. 333-334) Peirush Bircas Hamazon LiRav 121 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur slavery under the control of Nosson Shapira. See Yisod Otzar HaTefilos the Egyptians (Sefas Emes ViShoresh HaAvodah 7:9 that 122 Shibulei HaLeket 157 Vaairah2017 631)Jonathan G. Bresselhuman - All nature rights is toreserved thank first 123 Maharal Netivos Olam 136 See Deuteronomy 7:8 for the whole, then for each Netiv HaAvoda 18 (Avudraham) detail, and then again for the 124 Mei Nefesh BiSefer Beis 137 Unlike Torah, which can whole. Alternatively, because Yitzchok be comprehended and hence pleasure is lessened if even one 125 Shiras David on Siddur taught, certain rules can not detail is missing (Shiras David based on Aderes Eliyahu be comprehended and are on Siddur). Alternatively, Genesis 2:9 simply made known (Maharal “Beyond all of the above, You 126 Zohar Teruma 157b Netivos Olam Netiv HaAvoda are our [eternal] Master, our 127 Siddur Rokeach, Ramban 18). See Exodus 18:16 [all-powerful] God, and for Exodus 3:8, Aderes Eliyahu 138 Darchei Moshe 187:3, that fact we thank You...” Deuteronomy 8:7 Hirsch Siddur. Alternatively, (Beer Moshe LiHaRaHaK 128 Aderes Eliyahu Deuteron- this is a term for a six hour Meozrov Leviticus 444 citing omy 8:7 period (Mateh Yehuda, Elya Botsina DeNehora p. 39a (77), 129 Siddur Rokeach Rabba 187, Peirush Bircas Mictav Sofer 112b). Alterna- 130 Ramban Exodus 3:8 Hamazon LiRav Nosson tively, “Beyond all of the

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above, is the fact that we have Chaim: Biurei Tefilas 169 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak merited the privilege to thank HaYamim HaNoraim p. 251) “‡ , Bircas Hamazon Im Beur You...” (Beer Moshe LiHaRa- 159 Alshich Deuteronomy HaGrach Kanievsky citing HaK Meozrov Leviticus p. 8:10, Tiferes Yehonason Ekev. Brachos 9a. This can also 444, Lechem Rav I:224 citing Similarly, under proper mean now (Sefer Shorashim Yalkut David (I can not find circumstances, God blesses us Li’Radak) this reference), Pri Tsadik Vol. such that our stomachs are 170 See Ezekiel 39:25 I Holiness of Shabbat, lecture satisfied with a far reduced (Avudraham) 7. See also Talmid Rabbeinu amount (Siddur Tefilas Yisroel 171 See Zacharia 1:12 Yona Brachos 13b (pagination LiRav Shlomo Yanovsky on (Avudraham) of Rif), ÓÂ„ÈÌ ˘‡Â ÚÏ ) Shabbat song Yom Zeh 172 See Joel 4:21 and Psalms 150 Sefer HaChinuch 430 Mechubad based on Rashi 74:2 (Mateh Yehuda), Joel 151 Siddur Yaivetz & Etz Yosef Deuteronomy 11:15, 4:17 (Avudraham) on Modim blessing of Leviticus 26:5, both in turn 173 See Chronicles II 2:4 Morning Prayers, Mateh based on Toras Cohanim (Mateh Yehuda) Yehuda, Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Leviticus 26:5) 174 See Kings I 9:3 (Mateh Otzar HaTefilos 160 Michtav MeEliyahu Part Yehuda), Chagai 2:9 152 Siddur Yaivetz on Modim 1, p. 43 (Avudraham) blessing of Morning Prayers, 161 Sefas Emes Ekev 648 175 See Jeremiah 7:10 (Mateh Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Otzar 162 Lechem Rav 228 Yehuda), Chronicles II 7:16 HaTefilos citing Mateh 163 Leviticus Rabba 13:2 (Avudraham) Yehuda, Etz Yosef on Modim 164 Maharal Netivos Olam 176 Siddur Yaivetz blessing of Morning Prayers, Netiv HaAvoda 18 177 Emek Bracha in Tsilusa Rashi Exodus 15:18, Rabeinu 165 Brochos 48b as explained DiAvraham Siddur. The city Bachaya Exodus 15:18. See by Avudraham of David is where the dynasty also Ibn Ezra Exodus 15:18 166 Responsa Tashbetz 2:161 of the House of David resided and Psalms 9:6 167 Rashba Brachos 48b, Tur (Dover Shalom BiSiddur Otzar 153 Deuteronomy 8:10 188, Beis Yosef 187. See also HaTefillos Musaf Prayer of the 154 Even though the proper Rosh Brachos 48b. Others say New Month). See also Gra meaning is, “concerning the that 2017Moses, Jonathan Joshua, David G. BresselEsther -1:2, All Isaiah rights 1:9 reserved that land that gives forth the and Solomon actually added Zion was the seat of govern- food,” nonetheless, it is conceptual parts, but it was ment of Jerusalem. See also proper here to think about Ezra and his court (Sefer Rabbeinu Yona Pirkei Avos 1:2 both the land and the food HaChinuch 430) or the sages 178 Rashi Brachos 48b (Yisod ViShoresh HaAvodah of the Talmud (Avodas Yisroel) ··Â‰ „Â„ ·È˙ ÂÓÏÎÂ˙ 7:9, Peirush Bircas Hamazon who years later formulated the È¯Â˘ÏÈÌ , Mordechai Brachos LiRav Nosson Shapira) exact language 176 155 Siddur Tefilas Yisroel 168 Baal HaTurim Exodus 179 Rambam Brachos 2:4, LiRav Shlomo Yanovsky 26:9, 36:7, Zohar Exodus Meiri Brachos 48b 156 Iyun Tefillah LiRav 157a, Zohar Chodosh Ruth 180 Peirush Bircas Hamazon Yaakov Tzvi Mekelenberg 106b, Avos DiRebbe Nosson LiRav Nosson Shapira 157 Siddur Tefilas Yisroel 4:4, Kesubos 10b and Rashi 181 Mishpetsos Zahav 188 at LiRav Shlomo Yanovsky there ÓÊÈÔ , Tosafos Yom Tov end 158 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape Midos 4:1, Medrash Tanchu- 182 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak 419. God’s behavior (Sifsei ma Tetzaveh 13 Á ¯Â“

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183 Based on Rashi Genesis 188 Pas Lechem Ovadiah Bartenura Eruvin 19:18 (Kuntreis Avodas 189 Etz Yosef 3:9, Tur 188, Vayaas Avraham HaTefillah Bircas HaMazon) 190 Kad HaKemach Li- in Tsilusa DiAvraham Siddur, 184 An alternative version of Rabbeinu Bechaya Ù¯Ò‰ , Hirsch Siddur, Etz Yosef on the text replaces “holy” with Peirush Bircas Hamazon LiRav Friday night Menucha “heaping,” which on face Nosson Shapira ViSimcha song. See also Rashi value fits better with the 191 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak 58:11, Radak Isaiah 58:11, scheme of the text (men- Ï ÎÂ“ Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak tioned in Aruch HaShulchan 192 Mor UKetzia 188 ÁÏ“ˆ , Avudraham, Siddur 188:6, Iyun Tefila BiSiddur 193 Metsudas Dovid Psalms Yaivetz on Friday night song Otzar HaTefilos, Lechem Rav 55:23 Menucha ViSimcha 237), however such version 194 Rashi Psalms 55:23 206 Vayaas Avraham in Tsilusa does not appear to be found 195 Metsudas Tzion, Ibn Ezra, DiAvraham Siddur, Pirchei in early versions of the prayer Radak Psalms 55:23 Shoshanim book (Iyun Tefila BiSiddur 196 Mei Nefesh BiSefer Beis 207 ViZos LiYehudah. That Otzar HaTefilos). For more, Yitzchok we should refrain from see Kuntreis Avodas HaTefillah 197 Botsina DeNehora p. 39a working on it (Vayaas Bircas HaMazon (77), Ahavas Shalom Avraham in Tsilusa DiAvra- 185 See Isaiah 45:17 (Avodas Deuteronomy 15:11, Toldos ham Siddur) Yisroel). Here “ashamed” Yaakov Yosef Noach 208 Etz Yosef, Pirchei refers to self-generated shame 198 Pas Lechem Shoshanim based on one’s internal 199 Pas Lechem. See also 209 Rashi, Radak, Metsudas perspective, whereas Praise My Soul 396 (pp. 141- Dovid Psalms 102:15, Ibn “shamed” refers to shame 142). Similarly, the way of the Ezra Deuteronomy 33:24 externally imposed by others world is that when a person’s 210 Ramban Genesis 33:10 (Malbim Isaiah 45:16-17, hand is full, it is usually not 211 Rashi Genesis 33:10, 54:4, Jeremiah 3:25, Imrei open, because the rich often Leviticus 22:19, Deuterono- Noam Brochos 16b). refuse to give. And when a my 33:16, Parables 10:32 Alternatively, “ashamed” is in hand is open, this is usually a 212 Seforno Genesis 33:10. this world (Avodas Yisroel) by sign2017 that Jonathanit is empty. However,G. BresselSee also- All note rights on last reserved part of poverty (Avudraham on God’s hand is both full and candle lighting blessing for the host, Etz Yosef, open. (Tiferes HaShabbos) 213 Rav Ovadiah Bartenura Siddur Yaivetz), and “shamed” 200 Shiras David on Siddur, Eruvin 3:9 is in the world to come based on Bach 208 214 Radak Isaiah 58:11, Sefer (Avodas Yisroel) by sins 201 Maharsha Sanhedrin Shorashim Li’Radak ÁÏ“ˆ , committed (Avudraham on 108b È‰ÈÂ , Avodas Yisroel Avudraham, all citing blessing for the host, Etz 202 Shulchan Aruch 188:5 Leviticus Rabba 34:15. For Yosef) in response to poverty 203 Maharal Netivos Olam expanded list of translations, (Etz Yosef). “Shamed” is Netiv HaAvoda 18 see Baruch Sheamar - Prayers typically worse than 204 Hirsch Siddur, presum- of the Year “ashamed” (Sefer Shorashim ably based on Rashi Genesis 215 Avudraham, Etz Yosef Li’Radak ÎÏ“Ó , Avodas Yisroel, 33:10 216 Shiras David on Siddur iddur Yaivetz) 205 Rashi Eruvin 39a ‰ÁÏÈˆÂ 217 Rav Avraham Grodzinsky 186 Pas Lechem and Yevamos 102b Â‰Î˙È· in Toras Avraham p. 166a 187 Etz Yosef ÈÁÏı and ÂÈÁÏˆÌ , Rav 218 Shiras David on Siddur

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219 See Isaiah 51:2 (Avudra- on month of Tishrei, essay 255 Avudraham Blessing after ham) Yesha Rav 63 based on Pri the Meal. For another reason, 220 Bnei Yissaschar Ó‡Ó¯ Megadim Eshel Avraham see Rosh Brachos 9:15, ‰˘·˙Â˙ 7:13 (mentions the 561:1 Maadanei Yom Tov 6 on Rosh Ohr HaChaim about world 236 Tur 188, Shulchan Aruch Brachos 9:15 being created for only six 188:1 256 Maharal Netivos Olam days), Pirchei Shoshanim 237 Isaiah 1:27 Netiv HaAvoda 18 221 Avudraham 238 Beis Yosef 188 citing Kol 257 Pas Lechem citing ViZos 222 Shiras David on Siddur Bo 25 LiYehudah 223 Aruch HaShulchan 188:7. 239 Mordechai end of Brachos 258 Taz 189:2 Alternatively, this is not a in the name of MaHaRam 259 Siddur Rokeach. See also request, but rather a MeRutemberg, Darchei Moshe Metsudas Tzion and Metsudas statement of fact that Shabbat 188:1 Dovid Psalms 93:4 observance will thwart 240 Ateres Zikeinim 188, Bach 260 See commentary on trouble on Shabbat (Kol Bo 188 “Creator of Man” in second 25) 241 Pirisha 188:2, Bach 188, blessing of seven blessings 224 Avudraham Darchei Moshe 188:1, Tur after a wedding meal 225 Aruch HaShulchan 188:7 Choshen Mishpot 1 261 Tsilusa DiAvraham citing 226 Lechem Rav 239. 242 Darchei Moshe 188:1 Isaiah 29:23 Similarly, see Sefas Emes 243 Ateres Zikeinim 188, Bach 262 Tsilusa DiAvraham citing Vayetzeh 658 188 Psalms 80:2 227 See Nechemia 11:1 244 Pirisha 188:2, Bach 188, 263 Siddur Rokeach (Avudraham). See Isaiah 52:1 the latter verse also Beis Yosef 264 Sheeris Nosson (Lubart) p. (Bircas Hamazon Im Beur 188 97 HaGrach Kanievsky) 245 Jeremiah 30:18 265 Siddur Rokeach 228 See Psalms 147:2 246 Zachariah 1:12-16. Some 266 Siddur Rokeach (Avudraham) resolve the contradiction by 267 Pas Lechem based on 229 Romo 215:1 saying that God’s return will ViZos LiYehudah 230 Shulchan Aruch 188:1, be via mercy, but the 268 Siddur Rokeach, Peirush Romo 215:1 rebuilding2017 willJonathan be via G. BresselBircas Hamazon- All rights LiRav reserved Nosson 231 Yisod ViShoresh judgement (Bircas Hamazon Shapira HaAvodah 7:9 Im Beur HaGrach Kanievsky). 269 Mei Nefesh BiSefer Beis 232 Bircas Hamazon Im Beur For more sources, see Kuntreis Yitzchok HaGrach Kanievsky Avodas HaTefillah Bircas 270 Maharal Netivos Olam 233 Beur Shemos HaNirdafim HaMazon and Bircas David Al Netiv HaAvoda 18 Introduction 2 and note 13 Bircas HaMazon 271 Pas Lechem citing there 247 Lamentations Rabba 2:4 Metsudas Dovid Psalms 234 Mateh Yehuda citing Bava 248 Lamentations Rabba 2:4 119:68, Ibn Ezra 119:68 Basra 75a, Siddur Yaivetz. For 249 Gittin 57a 272 Shibulei HaLeket 157 more, see Yismach Moshe 250 Lamentations Rabba 2:4 273 Peirush Bircas Hamazon chelek gimmel in siach 251 Lamentations Rabba 2:4 LiRav Nosson Shapira sefunim (cited by Lechem Rav 252 Avudraham 274 Maharal Netivos Olam 244) 253 Lamentations Rabba 2:4 Netiv HaAvoda 18 235 Shaar Yisaschar LiHarav 254 Maharal Netivos Olam 275 Peirush Bircas Hamazon HaKadosh Mimunketch Essays Netiv HaAvoda 18 at end LiRav Nosson Shapira

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276 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur 295 Sifsei Chochomim 312 Rashi Exodus 8:5 citing Otzar HaTefilos Brachos 46a ÂÈˆÏÈÁ Isaiah 10:15, and translating, 277 Tsilusa DiAvraham. See 296 Rashi Brochos 46a. See vanter, which Targum HaLaaz Genesis 24:10 also Rashi Bava Metzia 107a translates, to vaunt, to boast 278 ViZos LiYehudah ÏÚÈ¯ ˜¯Â·ÈÔ 313 See Isaiah 49:3 (Iyun 279 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur 297 Malbim Job 1:6 Tefila BiSiddur Otzar Otzar HaTefilos 298 Sifsei Chochomim HaTefilos). Grammar 280 Imrei Aharon Brachos 46a Â˜¯Â·ÈÌ according to Siddur Tefilas 281 Pri Megadim Mishpetsos 299 Pas Lechem citing ViZos Yisroel LiRav Shlomo Yanovsky Zahav 189, Magen Avraham LiYehudah 314 This “forever” refers to 192 at beginning, Aruch 300 Avudraham the eternity of the soul, HaShulchan 189:7, Avodas 301 Siddur Yaivetz whereas the “forever” two Yisroel, Siddur Yaivetz 302 Sifsei Chochomim lines later refers to the entirety 282 Siddur Otzar HaTefilos Brachos 46a ÈÊ„˜˜ Â‡Ï of the limited length of the citing Sefer HaNoheg CiTson 303 Tur 189, Levush 189, physical world (Malbim Yosef Laws of Blessings 12. For Avudraham Jeremiah 3:5) contrary opinion to leave cup 304 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur 315 This simply means in hand for entire ceremony, Otzar HaTefilos & Avodas forever. The extra “and ever” see Siddur Yaivetz. For Yisroel based on Kol Bo 99 is to indicate that we really opinions and sources, see 305 Brochos 32a mean forever, and not just a Minhag Yisroel Torah 183:8 306 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur long time (Metsudas Dovid 283 Magen Avraham 192 at Otzar HaTefilos Daniel 7:18) beginning 307 Sichos HaChofetz Chaim 316 See Leviticus 26:13 284 Shulchan Aruch 201:1. note 74 or 75 (p. 65 or p. 222, (Avodas Yisroel, Iyun Tefila Placement according to Bircas depending on edition) BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos) Hamazon Im Beur HaGrach 308 Avudraham, Perush 317 Rashi, Rashbam, Targum Kanievsky, Sifsei Chochomim HaTefilos ViHaBrachos LiRav Yonason Ben Uziel, Ibn Ezra Brachos 46a Â‡Â¯Á Yehuda Bar Yakar, Siddur Leviticus 26:13, Etz Yosef & 285 Brochos 46a Rokeach. See also Kol Bo 25 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Otzar 286 Siddur Yaivetz 3092017 Mishna Jonathan Berura 189:5, G. BresselHaTefilos - All onrights second reserved blessing 287 Brochos 58a 215:9, Emek Bracha Laws of of Shema in Morning Prayers, 288 Imrei Noam Brachos 55a Blessing after the Meal, Kol Bo Numbers Rabba 13:12 289 Lands (Rashi Brochos 99, Magen Avraham 215:3 318 See second blessing of 46a) 310 See first blessing of Shema in Morning Prayers 290 Siddur Yaivetz (although Shema in Evening Prayers. (Avodas Yisroel). See Leviticus he has a different text), See also third blessing there 26:13 (Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Avudraham (Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Otzar Otzar HaTefilos) 291 Yair Ohr LaMalbim Á:11. HaTefilos). See also Exodus 319 See Brachos 3a, Avos See also Yoma 36b 15:18 and Rashi there DiRebbe Nosson beginning of 292 See last of morning 311 Implied by Siddur chap. 2 blessings (Sifsei Chochomim Rokeach who explains that 320 Metsudas Tzion Isaiah Brachos 46a) God provides the upper 52:7, Sefer Shorashim 293 Yair Ohr LaMalbim Á:11 beings with the glow of His Li’Radak ·˘“¯ . See Isaiah 294 Sifsei Chochomim beauty and the lower beings 52:7 (Avodas Yisroel) Brachos 46a ¯ˆÂÔ È‰È with food 321 Siddur Tefilas Yisroel

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LiRav Shlomo Yanovsky 342 See Genesis 24:1 (Rashi Yehuda, Avodas Yisroel, Iyun 322 Siddur Tefilas Yisroel Bava Basra 17a ·ÎÏ , Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Otzar LiRav Shlomo Yanovsky Tefila BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos) 323 Isaiah 49:3 (Iyun Tefila HaTefilos, Mateh Yehuda) 351 Rashi Bava Basra 17a ÎÏ BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos) 343 See Genesis 27:33 (Rashi ÓÎÏ ·ÎÏ , Avodas Yisroel 324 Isaiah 49:6 Bava Basra 17a ÓÎÏ , Iyun 352 Ibn Ezra Genesis 24:1 325 Kuzari 2:50-55 Tefila BiSiddur Otzar 353 Bava Basra 17a 326 Siddur Rokeach HaTefilos, Mateh Yehuda) 354 Shiras David on Siddur 327 Targum Leviticus 26:13, 344 See Genesis 33:11 (Rashi based on Maamar HaChoch- Likutei Moharach, Bircas Bava Basra 17a ÎÏ , Iyun Tefila ma LiRamchal Bircas Hamazon Im Beur HaGrach BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos, Kedushas Hashem Kanievsky citing his father Mateh Yehuda) 355 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur 328 Sifra Bichukosai on 345 Pri Megadim Eshel Otzar HaTefilos Leviticus 26:13 Avraham 189:1. See also Be’er 356 Bircas Hamazon Im Beur 329 Praise My Soul 879 (p. Heitev 187:1 HaGrach Kanievsky 302) 346 Bircas Hamazon Im Beur 357 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur 330 Numbers Rabba 13:12 HaGrach Kanievsky Otzar HaTefilos 331 Alshich Leviticus 26:13 347 Charity is what one needs 358 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur 332 Dover Shalom BiSiddur even if it is beyond what one Otzar HaTefilos based on Otzar HaTefillos on second deserves (Gra Parables 8:18) Rashi Leviticus 26:6 citing blessing of Shema in Morning 348 See Psalms 24:5 (Mateh Toras Cohanim 26:7 Prayers, Hagadas Agadas Ezov Yehuda, Avodas Yisroel, Iyun 359 Order partially dictated (see there for another Tefila BiSiddur Otzar by Pri Megadim Eshel explanation) & Pri Chaim HaTefilos) Avraham 490:1 and Noam Beer Chaim Biur Al Siddur 349 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak Megadim LiPri Megadim 33b HaTefila, both citing Chosom ˘Î“Ï . Alternatively, “May we 360 Kores Habris, Siddur Sofer (I can not find latter). find grace and be perceived as Otzar HaTefilos, Edus Also cited in Mei Nefesh wise in the eyes of…” LiYisroel BiSefer Beis Yitzchok as Sefer (Metsudas Dovid Parables 361 Avodas Yisroel & Iyun Menachem Yitzchok (I can not 3:4),2017 or, “May Jonathan we find grace G. BresselTefila BiSiddur- All rights Otzar reserved find latter) and succeed in the eyes of…” HaTefilos on Song of the 333 Praise My Soul 879 (p. (Gra Parables 3:4), or, “May Levites for Shabbat Musaf 302) we find grace in the eyes of prayer, Etz Yosef citing Toras 334 Ibn Ezra Melachi 3:18 Man and wisdom in the eyes Chaim Sanhedrin 99a ÈÈÔ Ê‰ , 335 Melachi 3:23 of God,” because God sees Ramban Genesis 2:3, Rabeinu 336 Metsudas Dovid Melachi into the heart (Gra Parables Bachaya Genesis 2:3, Rashi 3:23 13:15), or, “May we find Rosh Hashana 31a ÏÈÂÌ , 337 Radak Melachi 3:23 grace in the eyes of God to Tiferes Yisroel: Yachin Tamid 338 Metsudas Dovid Melachi grant us divine inspiration 7:4:52, Chidushei HaGra 3:23 and may we find grace in the Tamid 7:4. See also Ta’amei 339 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur eyes of Man to perceive us as HaMinhagim 377, Tosafos Otzar HaTefilos having divine inspiration” Yom Tov end of Tamid, Chok 340 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur (Malbim Parables 1:3, 3:4, Nosson end of Tamid, Sheeilos Otzar HaTefilos 13:15) Yaivetz 141:1, Iyun Tefila 341 Kol Bo 25 350 See Proverbs 3:4 (Mateh BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos on

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Baruch Sheamar of Morning 376 Radak Amos 9:11 sources and examples, see prayers 377 Maharal Netzach Yisroel Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Otzar 362 Noam Megadim LiPri 35 HaTefilos Megadim 33b 378 Shiras David on Siddur 392 Mateh Moshe 342, Iyun 363 Some add this phrase on based on Maharal Netzach Tefila BiSiddur Otzar Rosh Hashana (Yosef Ometz Yisroel 35 HaTefilos, both based on Rashi 966, Tsilusa DiAvraham) and 379 Shiras David on Siddur Leviticus 26:6 citing Toras some do not (Ta’amei based on MaHaRi Kara Amos Cohanim 26:7 HaMinhagim 377 citing 9:11 393 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Noam Megadim LiPri 380 Arvei Nachal Bahar Otzar HaTefilos based on Megadim 33b) sermon 2 Parables 15:17 & 17:1 364 Pri Megadim Eshel 381 Shulchan Aruch 639:1 394 Praise My Soul 748 (p. Avraham 490:1 citing Elya 382 Shulchan Aruch 625:1 257). See also The Beginning Rabba 490:4, Tsilusa 383 Mishna Berura 189:5 1:31 (pp. 48-49) DiAvraham 384 Samuel II 22:51 395 Avudraham End of 365 Pri Megadim Eshel 385 Psalms 18:51 Kaddish in Morning Prayers. Avraham 490:1 citing Elya 386 See Job 25:2 (Avodas For further development of Rabba 490:4, Noam Megadim Yisroel end of Shmone Esrei this idea, see Pas Lechem LiPri Megadim 33b Morning Prayers, Etz Yosef) 396 Chosom Sofer Toras Moshe 366 Magen Avraham 490:1, 387 For why the language on the last blessing of Shmone Noam Megadim LiPri here is “And say, ‘Amen.’,” Esrei. See Numbers Rabba Megadim 33b whereas in the earlier section 12:8 that the physical 367 Etz Yosef citing Toras of blessing the host the environment of the heavens Chaim Sanhedrin 99a ÈÈÔ Ê‰ language is “And let us say, and the physical nature of its 368 Imrei Aharon ‘Amen.’,” see Magen Avraham inhabitants possess diametri- 369 Noam Megadim LiPri 189:1 cally opposite poles, such as Megadim 33b 388 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur fire and snow or fire and 370 Pri Megadim Eshel Otzar HaTefilos based on water. Thus, even they need Avraham 490:1 citing Elya Medrash Sochar Tov Psalms God’s peace making Rabba 490:4 end2017 of 18 Jonathan G. Bressel397 - Bircas All rights Hamazon reserved Im Beur 371 See Amos 9:11 (Iyun 389 Darchei Moshe 189:1, HaGrach Kanievsky based on Tefila BiSiddur Otzar Magen Avraham 189:1, both Brachos 49b HaTefilos, Avodas Yisroel) citing Avudraham. Also, the 398 Avudraham, Elya Rabba 372 Alternatively, “cleanse us verse said on Shabbat is from 187, and Emek Bracha Laws of sin” (Avudraham citing Job the books of Prophets, of Blessing after the Meal 9:30. See Rashi, Metsudas whereas the verse said on mention many of these verses Dovid, Metsudas Tzion there) weekdays is from the lesser 399 Rashi, Metsudas Tzion 373 Peirush Bircas Hamazon books of Writings (Shela Psalms 34:10 LiRav Nosson Shapira, Siddur Noach) 400 See Samuel I:12:24 Rokeach 390 Leviticus Rabba 9:9, 401 Rashi, Metsudas Tzion 374 Peirush Bircas Hamazon Yalkut Shimoni I:711, Psalms 34:11 LiRav Nosson Shapira, Siddur Numbers Rabba 11:7 402 Rashi Psalms 34:11 Rokeach 391 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur 403 See Psalms 34:10-11 375 Targum, Rashi, Radak, Otzar HaTefilos, Etz Yosef, (Avodas Yisroel) Metsudas Dovid Amos 9:11 Avudraham, Pas Lechem. For 404 See Psalms 118:1 (Avodas

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Yisroel), Psalms 136:1 as form of trust in God is where 437 Mishna Berura 299:14 explained by Anaf Yosef one not only trusts in God, BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos but also trusts that one’s entire blessing after the meal 405 See Psalms 145:16 salvation will come through addition for festivals (Avodas Yisroel), as explained God (Malbim Jeremiah by Anaf Yosef BiSiddur Otzar 17:5,7) 1 Abraham J. Twerski, HaTefilos 427 Siddur Tefilas Yisroel Generation to Generation, 406 Malbim Psalms 34:10-11 LiRav Shlomo Yanovsky & Mei (Brooklyn, NY: Traditional 407 Yismach Moshe Lamenta- Nefesh BiSefer Beis Yitzchok Press, 1987), pp. 96-98 tions 1:7 both citing Yevamos 16b. In 2 Hirsch Siddur Morning 408 Anaf Yosef BiSiddur Otzar such case, the phrase “I was Prayers HaTefilos young, I have also aged” spans 3 Emanuel Feldman, The Shul 409 Radak from the creation of the world Without a Clock, (Jerusalem/ 410 Metsudas Dovid to its end (Be’er Avraham NY: Feldheim Publishers, 411 Metsudas Dovid. Psalms 37:25) 2001), pp. 8-9 Alternatively, this refers to 428 Rashi Yevamos 16b ˘¯ 4 Sifsei Chaim on Holidays deniers of God (Ibn Ezra) Ì ‰ÚÂÏ Vol. I, p. 108 412 Radak 429 Hirsch Psalms 37:25 5 Sefer HaChaim 4:2 413 Gra Parables 6:11 430 Ibn Ezra, Meiri, Hirsch 6 Avudraham Prayers of 414 Botsina DeNehora p. 31b Psalms 37:25. See also Passover (62) Medrash Tanchuma Miketz 6 7 Hirsch Siddur Morning 415 Lev Eliyahu Chochma 431 Metsudas Dovid Psalms Prayers Umussar Vayetze, To take 37:25 8 Michtav MeEliyahu Vol. 3, pleasure in God 432 Medrash Rabba Leviticus p. 110 citing Gra on Laws of 416 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape 35:2. Rather he viewed it as New Month in Shulchan 212 constructive divine supervi- Aruch end of 428 417 Praise My Soul 400 (pp. sion to cleanse him from sin 9 Yair Ohr LaMalbim Ê:6, 143-144) (Anaf Yosef BiSiddur Otzar Malbim Leviticus 18:16, 418 Likutei HaGra letter ˘ 11 HaTefilos) Jeremiah 3:16, 14:10, 15:15, 419 Anaf Yosef BiSiddur Otzar 433 2017Pas Lechem Jonathan based on G. BresselPsalms - 106:4, All rights Sefer Shorashimreserved HaTefilos Chazeh Tzion Psalms 29:11, Li’Radak Ù˜“„ , Ramban 420 Praise My Soul 399 (p. itself presumably based on Genesis 21:1 143) Medrash Tanchuma Nitsavim 10 Punctuation, that “your 421 Praise My Soul 398 (p. 1 servant” refers to David, is 143) 434 Shulchan Aruch 190:3, to according to Bircas Hamazon 422 See Jeremiah 17:7 avoid having to say a blessing Im Beur HaGrach Kanievsky (Avodas Yisroel) after the wine. Alternatively, 11 Hirsch Siddur Morning 423 See Psalms 37:25 (Avodas drink at least a reviit (3.0 ozs., Prayers Yisroel) 86 ml.) of the wine and then 12 Malbim Psalms 106:4 424 See Psalms 29:11 (Avodas say a blessing after the wine 13 Mei Nefesh BiSefer Beis Yisroel) 435 Shulchan Aruch 190:4 Yitzchok 425 Radak Jeremiah 17:7 436 Sheerusa DiTsilusa in 14 Poked Akarim LiRav 426 Metsudas Dovid Jeremiah Tsilusa DiAvraham Siddur on Tsadok 1,2 based on Maharsha 17:7, Sefas Emes Teruma 631. three-faceted blessing, note 6 Rosh Hashana 32b Alternatively, the highest citing Zohar Vayera 104a 15 Hirsch Siddur Morning

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Prayers Prayers 16 Beis Yosef 682 citing Psalms 16 Hirsch Siddur Morning 6 Rashi Psalms 136:24, 68:32 Prayers consistent with Sefer 17 Emek Bracha in Tsilusa 17 Haggadah Shel Pesach Shorashim Li’Radak Ù¯“˜ : DiAvraham Siddur Morning MiBeis HaLevi citing Gris removal of one thing from Prayers MeBrisk another 18 Cited and rejected by 18 Hirsch Siddur Morning 7 Emek Bracha in Tsilusa Emek Bracha in Tsilusa Prayers DiAvraham Siddur Morning DiAvraham Siddur Morning 19 Some omit the words “and prayers Prayers king.” See Romo 188:3 and 8 Metsudas Tzion Psalms 19 Sifsei Chaim Holidays Vol. Mishna Berura 188:6. For 136:24, Rashi Avoda Zara 4a II: Biur Al Hanisim based on explanation and sources, see ˘ÂÚ Ï‰Ì based on Targum Rashi Genesis 25:31 Sheerusa DiTsilusa in Tsilusa Exodus 14:30, Avodas Yisroel, 20 Shabbos 21b DiAvraham Siddur Emek Bracha in Tsilusa 20 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Otzar DiAvraham Siddur Morning blessing after the meal HaTefilos Morning Prayers. Prayers addition for purim The word of God is reliable 9 Sifsei Chaim Holidays Vol. enough for us, so we need ask II: Biur Al Hanisim 1 Anna Gotlieb, Between the only for that (Bircas Hamazon 10 Hirsch Siddur Morning Lines (Princeton, New Jersey: Im Beur HaGrach Kanievsky) Prayers Bristol, Rhein & Englander, 21 Haggadah Shel Pesach 11 See ÏÂ ÈÚÓÂ„ ‰‚„ÂÏ ˘ÓÍ 1992), Purim, pp. 182-184 Chaim LiRosh ·¯Í 21 ˆ¯‰ ·Ú˙ in tachanun of 2 Shulchan Aruch 687 Morning Prayers for Monday 3 Shulchan Aruch 694 blessing after the meal and Thursday, paragraph 4 Shulchan Aruch 695:4 addition for chanukah beginning ‰Ë‰ (Mateh 5 Shulchan Aruch 695 Yehuda) 6 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Otzar 1 Abraham J. Twerski, 12 See Psalms 35:1 (Mateh HaTefilos Morning Prayers, Generation to Generation, Yehuda) Avodas Yisroel Morning (Brooklyn, NY: Traditional 132017 Avudraham Jonathan Prayers G. of BresselPrayers - All rights reserved Press, 1987), pp. 46-47,93-94Chanukah, Emek Bracha in 7 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Otzar 2 Shabbos 21b, Rambam Tsilusa DiAvraham Siddur HaTefilos Morning Prayers Laws of Chanukah 3:1-3 Morning Prayers, Avodas 8 See Rashi Leviticus 20:9, 3 Letter vav is according to Yisroel Metsudas Dovid Obadia 1:15 Siddur Yaivetz on Modim 14 Megillah 11a, Maharsha 9 See Lamentations 3:64 prayer of Morning Prayers, Pesachim 57a at end, Avodas (Mateh Yehuda), Obadia 1:15 Mishna Berura 682:1, Aruch Yisroel. Others are unsure 10 See Esther 7:10 (Mateh HaShulchan 682:1 (Responsa Tashbetz III:135, Yehuda), Esther 9:14 4 Rashi Avoda Zara 4a Ï‰Ì Bnei Yissaschar Kislev-Teves 11 Aderes Eliyahu Deuterono- ˘ÂÚ , Etz Yosef on Morning 4:25 in gloss). For additional my 32:33 Prayers based on Targum sources, see Pardes Yosef 12 Gra Parables 14:32 Deuteronomy 7:8. Alterna- HaChodosh BeHaaloscha 3 tively, “deliverance” (Hirsch 15 Avudraham Prayers of Siddur) Chanukah, Sefer Aruch 5 Etz Yosef on Morning HaShalem

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1 See Responsa Rabbi Akiva Aruch 149:1, Shulchan LiYisroel Eiger Vol. I, 29,30 which HaEzer 9:4, Edus LiYisroel 18 Based on Made in Heaven mention that Rabbi Akiva 7 Avodas Yisroel, Anaf Yosef p. 218 based on Ta’amei Eiger’s uncle celebrated BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos, HaMinhagim 986 citing remotely when he could not Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Otzar Mateh Yehuda attend Rabbi Akiva Eiger’s HaTefilos, Shulchan HaEzer 19 Anaf Yosef BiSiddur Otzar wedding and that Rabbi 9:4:5. For discussion, see Edus HaTefilos, Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Akiva Eiger responded with LiYisroel Otzar HaTefilos gratitude. I am unable to find 8 Beis Shmuel 62:11, Aruch 20 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Otzar more direct evidence of the HaShulchan Even HaEzer HaTefilos, Avodas Yisroel opinion mentioned in the 62:18, Shulchan HaEzer 9:4 21 Based on Deuteronomy story 9 Chelkas Mechokek 62:8,17, 32:15 (Mateh Yehuda) 2 As appeared in the Aish Beis Shmuel 62:15 22 Mishna Berura 198:6 HaTorah Shabbat Shalom 10 That Devai Haser is said 23 Sefer Chasidim 393, Noheg Weekly written by Rabbi using the cup of blessing after KiTzon Yosef Marriage 12 Kalman Packouz, the meal is found in Drisha 24 Made in Heaven p. 220 shabbatshalom.org Even HaEzer 62:4, Beis note 37 citing Matamim 49 3 Anna Gotlieb, In Other Shmuel 62:11, Aruch 25 Brachos 6b Words (Southfield, Mich., HaShulchan Even HaEzer 26 Perush HaTefilos ViHaBra- Targum Press, 1999), The 62:18, Shulchan HaEzer 9:4,5 chos LiRav Yehuda Bar Yakar, Chasunah, pp. 214-215 implied, Edus LiYisroel. Some Kad HaKemach LiRabbeinu 4 Shulchan Aruch Even say to use the cup of blessings Bechaya Á˙Ô , Avudraham, Kol HaEzer 62:13 of marriage (Taz Even HaEzer Bo 75 5 Drisha Even HaEzer 62, Taz 62:7) 27 Aruch HaShulchan Even Even HaEzer 62:7, Edus 11 Avodas Yisroel, Iyun Tefila HaEzer 62:40 LiYisroel, Avodas Yisroel. Some BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos 28 Chagiga 12b do not fill the second cup 12 Targum Isaiah 35:6 29 Tanya Rabbati 91, p. 98a, now, rather waiting to fill it 13 See2017 Isaiah Jonathan 35:6 (Avodas G. BresselSefer HaItur - All rights2:4, p. 64b,reserved Sefer after the conclusion of Yisroel , Anaf Yosef BiSiddur HaManhig p. 91, Yalkut blessing after the meal, right Otzar HaTefilos, Iyun Tefila Yitzchak 552:62 before saying the seven BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos) 30 Rabeinu Bachaya Exodus blessings of marriage (Beis 14 See Psalms 23:3 (Anaf Yosef 25:18, Kad HaKemach Shmuel 62:11, Be’er Heitev BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos, LiRabbeinu Bechaya Á˙Ô , Even HaEzer 62:11, Magen Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Otzar Perush HaTefilos ViHaBrachos Avraham 147:11, Chochmos HaTefilos, Avodas Yisroel, LiRav Yehuda Bar Yakar Adom 129:7, Kitzur Shulchan Mateh Yehuda) 31 Shita Mikubetses Kesubos Aruch 149:1, Shulchan 15 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Otzar 8a citing Geonim, Yalkut HaEzer 9:3:2). For further HaTefilos, Avodas Yisroel, Yitzchak 552:61 sources, see Made in Heaven Mateh Yehuda 32 Made in Heaven p. 221 25:6 16 Mateh Yehuda based on Sefer HaItur 2:4, p. 6 Drisha Even HaEzer 62:4, 17 Text according to Taz Even 64b and Tanya Rabbati 91, p. Beis Shmuel 62:11, Taz Even HaEzer 62:7. For discussion 98a HaEzer 62:7, Kitzur Shulchan of text versions, see Edus

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1 Paysach J. Krohn, Along the 11 Zohar Exodus 245a. 22 Shulchan Aruch Even Maggid’s Journey, (Brooklyn, Others mention ten canopies HaEzer 62:4 NY: Artscroll Mesorah (see step 6 in this section) 23 Shulchan Aruch Even Publications, 1995), pp. 147- 12 Nachalas Shiva Shtarot 12 HaEzer 62:4 149 Mechudashim 5:3 24 Shulchan Aruch Even 2 Rashi Genesis 29:27, 13 Maharsha Yevamos 62b HaEzer 62:7 Jerusalem Talmud Moed 14 First six are Yevamos 62b, 25 Shulchan Aruch Even Kotton 1:7, Pirkei DiRebbe last is Yevamos 63a. See also HaEzer 62:8 Eliezer 16, Tanya Rabbati 91, Tur Even HaEzer 1 and gloss 26 Genesis Rabba 11:2 99a, Sefer HaItur 2:4, 65b, on Pirisha Even HaEzer 1:4. 27 Likutei Yehudah citing Perush HaTefilos ViHaBrachos For more commentary on the Sefas Emes LiRav Yehuda Bar Yakar seven blessings of marriage, 28 Shulchan Aruch Even 3 Jerusalem Talmud Kesubos see Made in Heaven pp. 194- HaEzer 62:4,7 1:1 (2b), Tanya Rabbati 91, 199 29 Romo Even HaEzer 62:4, 99a, Sefer HaItur 2:4, 65b 15 Shulchan Aruch Even Beurei HaGra Even HaEzer 4 Made in Heaven p. 230 HaEzer 62:5 62:12 5 Made in Heaven p. 198 16 Opinion in Shulchan 30 Romo Even HaEzer 62:7 6 Kallah beginning, Kallah Aruch, Romo Even HaEzer 31 Meiri Kesubos 8a, Shita Rabbati beginning, Tanya 62:9, Beis Shmuel 62:11, Mikubetses Kesubos 8a citing Rabbati 91, 99a, Sefer HaItur Magen Avraham 147:11, Talmid Rabbeinu Yona citing 2:4, 65b. Some trace it back Chochmos Adom 129:7, Aruch Rama, Avodas Yisroel to the first marriage of history, HaShulchan Even HaEzer 32 Brachos 61a, Eruvin 18b when God blessed Adam and 62:18, Shulchan HaEzer 33 Rashi Kesubos 8a ˘ÓÁ Eve in the Garden of Eden 9:3:1, 9:5:1, Edus LiYisroel Á ˙˘Ó (Kallah Rabbati beginning, 17 Taz Even HaEzer 62:6 34 Avudraham citing Rama, Tanya Rabbati 91, 99a, Sefer citing Pesachim 102b, Beurei Meiri Kesubos 8a, Shita HaItur 2:4, 65b). For more HaGra Even HaEzer 62:26 Mikubetses Kesubos 8a citing sources, see Made in Heaven citing2017 Tosafos Jonathan Pesachim G. 102b BresselTalmid - All Rabbeinu rights Yonareserved citing 22:72 Ô ˘‡È Rama 7 Made in Heaven p. 197 18 Made in Heaven 22:85 35 Based on Haflaah Kesubos based on Shela Gates of citing Igros Moshe Even 8a Letters, Letter ˜, Holiness of HaEzer I:94 and 25:59 citing 36 Maharsha Kesubos 8a Marriage Edus LiYisroel 1:9 37 Avudraham, Maharsha 8 Made in Heaven pp. 194, 19 Beis Shmuel 62:11, Kesubos 8a, Avodas Yisroel 231 based on Kad HaKemach Chochmos Adom 129:7, Kitzur 38 Likutei Yehudah citing LiRabbeinu Bechaya Á˙Ô , Shulchan Aruch 149:1, Aruch Imrei Emes Mateh Moshe 12, Yalkut HaShulchan Even HaEzer 39 Avudraham, Meiri Kesubos Yitzchak 552:51 62:18, Shulchan HaEzer 9:5, 8a, Shita Mikubetses Kesubos 9 Mateh Moshe 12, Yalkut Edus LiYisroel 8a citing Talmid Rabbeinu Yitzchak 552:51 20 Shulchan Aruch Even Yona citing Rama, Etz Yosef, 10 Kol Bo 75, Nachalas Shiva HaEzer 62:5 Avodas Yisroel Shtarot 12 Mechudashim 5:3, 21 Shulchan Aruch Even 40 Lechem Rav 263 Ta’amei HaMinhagim 971 HaEzer 62:6 41 Avodas Yisroel

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42 Genesis 1:26,27 Exodus 20:3). It is with these 60 Rashi, Meiri Kesubos 8a 43 Nefesh HaChaim 1:1 based images as blueprint that God 61 Meiri Kesubos 8a, Siddur on Isaiah 40:18, Perush fashioned man. Others say Rokeach HaTefilos ViHaBrachos LiRav that God used the image of 62 Malbim Genesis 2:7, Yehuda Bar Yakar, Sifsei man found on His throne Isaiah 45:18 Chochomim Genesis 1:26:3 (Siddur Rokeach) 63 Genesis 2:7 based on Deuteronomy 4:12, 44 Nefesh HaChaim 1:1, Sefer 64 Rashi Genesis 1:26 Kli Yakar Genesis 1:26 based Shorashim Li’Radak ˆÏ“Ó 65 Avudraham on Isaiah 40:18,25. See also 45 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape 66 Ritva Kesubos 8a as Deuteronomy 4:15. Some say 116 explained by Iyun Tefila that this is merely a form of 46 Ramban Genesis 1:26, BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos, speech to encourage us to Avudraham based on Rosh Hashana 11a respect our fellow who is in 47 Malbim Genesis 1:26, and Rashi there ·ˆ·ÈÂÌ the image of God (Perush Seforno Genesis 1:26,5:1, Kli 67 Avudraham citing Genesis HaTefilos ViHaBrachos LiRav Yakar Genesis 5:1 2:18 Yehuda Bar Yakar). Nonethe- 48 Rashi Genesis 1:26. 68 Avudraham less, some understand this to Translation according to Rashi 69 Baalei HaNefesh introduc- be a physical image shown by Exodus 31:3, Deuteronomy tion, Ramban Genesis 2:24, God (Kli Yakar Genesis 1:26, 1:13, Yair Ohr LaMalbim Pirisha Even HaEzer 62:3, Siddur Rokeach). When Á:15, Malbim Parables 1:2, Bach Even HaEzer 1, Yalkut speaking to His prophets, 7:4 Yitzchak 1:15 citing God presents a variety of 49 Rashi Genesis 1:26. Abarbanel Genesis 2:21 images (Rashi Hosea 12:11), Translation according to Yair 70 Gra Parables 9:10 according to the prophet and Ohr LaMalbim „:13, Malbim 71 Aderes Eliyahu Genesis the context (Rabeinu Bachaya Parables 1:3, 13:15. See also 1:27 Deuteronomy 5:4 citing Seforno Genesis 9:6 72 Rashi Kesubos 8a, Hosea 12:11), even though 50 Nefesh HaChaim 1:3 Avudraham He has no image (Kli Yakar 51 Iyun2017 Tefila Jonathan BiSiddur OtzarG. Bressel73 Brachos - All 61a,rights Eruvin reserved 18ab Genesis 1:26). At the parting HaTefilos 74 That this means building is of the Red Sea, God appeared 52 Genesis 2:18 implied by Shabbos 95a as a powerful, youthful 53 Genesis 2:21 (MaHaRZO Genesis Rabba warrior; at the giving of the 54 Genesis 2:22 18:1) Torah on Mt. Sinai, as an old 55 Genesis 2:18 75 Brachos 61a, Eruvin 18ab, scholar, full of mercy 56 Avudraham Shabbos 95a, Niddah 45b, (Mechilta Yisro 5 on Exodus 57 Some say that this refers to Genesis Rabba 18:1 20:2, Rashi Song of Songs the human face, which God 76 Brachos 61a, Eruvin 18ab, 5:16, Rabeinu Bachaya made to look like the face Genesis Rabba 18:3 Deuteronomy 5:4, Kli Yakar found engraved on God’s 77 Niddah 45b, Genesis Genesis 1:26, Exodus throne (Siddur Rokeach) Rabba 18:1 20:3,19). These images are all 58 Avudraham. See Genesis 78 Avudraham only facets of God’s indivisi- 1:26,27 (Avudraham) 79 Iyun Menachem Kesubos ble unity (Mechilta Yisro 5 on 59 See Genesis 2:22 (Rashi 8a Exodus 20:2, Kli Yakar Kesubos 8a, Avudraham) 80 Based on Rashbam Genesis

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2:23 93 Rashi Kesubos 8a, Acharei 3, Pirkei DiRebbe 81 Haflaah Kesubos 8a. This Avudraham, Avodas Yisroel, Eliezer 12. Others mention fits well with females not Etz Yosef, Iyun Tefila BiSiddur eleven or thirteen (see above needing circumcision (Heard Otzar HaTefilos references). Still others from Deana Bressel) 94 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Otzar mention seven canopies (see 82 Rashi, Meiri, Shita HaTefilos, Siddur Rokeach Introduction to this section) Mikubetses, Tosafos Rid 95 See Isaiah 54:1 (Avudra- 104 Pirkei DiRebbe Eliezer 12 Kesubos 8a, Avudraham, ham, Siddur Rokeach). Some 105 Rashi & Matnas Kehuna Avodas Yisroel, Etz Yosef, Iyun do not translate, “the barren on Genesis Rabba 18:1 Tefila BiSiddur Otzar one,” but rather “the 106 Matnas Kehuna on HaTefilos mainstay,” as in “the mainstay Genesis Rabba 18:1 83 Tur 560, Shulchan Aruch of the home,” referring to the 107 Genesis Rabba 18:1 560:2, Mishna Berura 560 woman of the home (Yihal 108 Pirkei DiRebbe Eliezer 12 beginning Ohr Terumah 169 on Á„Â‰ 109 Literally, “happy, do 84 Psalms 137:5-6 „·È˙‡ „ÚÈ˜¯‡ ) make happy,” hinting at the 85 Rashi Psalms 137:5. 96 See Isaiah 61:10 fact that one needs to be Alternatively, the Levite 97 Siddur Rokeach happy in order to make others singers exiled in Babylon after 98 Meiri Kesubos 8a, Shita happy. We ask here that God the destruction of the first Mikubetses Kesubos 8a citing make each of the bride and Holy Temple (Ibn Ezra), or Talmid Rabbeinu Yona citing groom happy so that they can the exiled populace (Metsudas Rama, Avudraham. Some say make each other happy Dovid) that this is a request that God (Shiras David on Siddur based 86 Metsudas Dovid make them happy all of the on Taanis 22a and Rashi there 87 Ibn Ezra, Metsudas Dovid days of their lives (Tosafos Rid ·„ÂÁÈ ) 88 In times of misery, it is easy Kesubos 8a) through food 110 See Genesis 2:8 (Rashi to remember how good things and all goodness (Rashi Kesubos 8a). Translation were in the past, but the Kesubos 8a) according to Targum, Targum promise here is much greater. 992017 Avodas Jonathan Yisroel. The G. couple BresselYonason - All Ben rights Uziel reserved, Ramban It is a promise to mention andof today, who chose each Genesis 2:18, Genesis Rabba remember Jerusalem even other of their own free will, 15:3, Pesachim 54a and Rashi when times are joyous require greater blessing for there, Nedarim 39b. (Lechem Rav 210 citing Divrei happiness than did Adam and Alternatively, in the East Shaul of Nitra Psalms 137:1) Eve, who were matched for (Rashi, Ibn Ezra Genesis 2:18, 89 Shulchan Aruch 554:25 each other by God (Lechem Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak 90 The Book of Our Rav 260) ˜„“Ó ) Heritage, Eliyahu Kitov, Vol. 100 Pirkei DiRebbe Eliezer 12 111 Rashi Kesubos 8a. See III, Feldheim Publishers, 101 Genesis Rabba 8:13 also Maharsha Kesubos 8a Revised Edition, 1978, 102 Genesis Rabba 18:1 112 Rashi Kesubos 8a translated from the Hebrew 103 Genesis Rabba 18:1, 113 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape Sefer Hatoda’ah by Nathan Leviticus Rabba 20:2, 627, 683. See also The Bulman, p. 242 Ecclesiastes Rabba 8:2, Bava Beginning 2:8 (pp. 63-64). See 91 Isaiah 62:5 Basra 75a, Psikta Rabbati also Genesis 2:8 92 Avudraham 14:10, Medrash Tanchuma 114 Sefas Emes Shelach 649

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115 Meiri Kesubos 8a, Avodas 22:13, 35:1, 65:18, 66:10, Edus LiYisroel 1:8 Yisroel Tzefania 3:17. For a different 146 Made in Heaven p. 172 116 Pirkei Avos 5:1 definition, see Gra Esther based on Shulchan HaEzer 117 Kad HaKemach Li- 8:16, Parables 23:24 and 8:1:9 and Otzar Kol Minhagei Rabbeinu Bechaya Á˙Ô based Aderes Eliyahu Job 3:21 Yeshurun 16:11 on Zohar Teruma 169b 130 Yair Ohr LaMalbim ‚:10, 147 Shabbos 137b 118 Iyun Tefila BiSiddur Malbim Isaiah 9:2, 16:10, 148 Made in Heaven p. 172 Otzar HaTefilos 35:1, 61:10, 65:18, 19, 149 Carmela Raiz, Blue Star 119 Perush HaTefilos 66:10, Tzefania 3:17. For a over Red Square (Jerusalem, ViHaBrachos LiRav Yehuda different definition, see Gra Feldheim Publishers, 1994), Bar Yakar Parables 23:24 and Aderes p. 198 120 Exodus Rabba 15:21 Eliyahu Job 3:21 121 Perush HaTefilos 131 Mei Nefesh BiSefer Beis blessing after the meal ViHaBrachos LiRav Yehuda Yitzchok song for a circumcision Bar Yakar 132 Siddur Rokeach meal 122 Rashi, Tosafos Rid 133 Metsudas Dovid Job Kesubos 8a 41:14 1 Paysach J. Krohn, The 123 Crying out (Sefer 134 Mei Nefesh BiSefer Beis Maggid Speaks, (Brooklyn, Shorashim Li’Radak ¯“‰ & Yitzchok NY: Artscroll Mesorah ¯“ , Siddur Rokeach) 135 Malbim Exodus 18:9 Publications, 1987), pp. 190- 124 See Jeremiah 7:34 136 Mei Nefesh BiSefer Beis 191 (Maharsha Kesubos 8a), Yitzchok citing Kefalim 2 Bris Avos 13, Zocher HaBris Jeremiah 33:10-11 (Avudra- LiToshia on Psalms beginning 1, 25:17, Edus LiYisroel ham, Maharsha, Iyun Tefila 137 Mei Nefesh BiSefer Beis 3 Bris Avos, Zocher HaBris BiSiddur Otzar HaTefilos, Yitzchok citing Kefalim 4 Zocher HaBris 25:17 and Avodas Yisroel, Mateh Yehuda) LiToshia on Psalms beginning Kores Habris citing Ruth 125 Metsudas Tzion, Malbim 138 Mei Nefesh BiSefer Beis Rabba 6:4 Isaiah 10:30 Yitzchok2017 citing Jonathan Kefalim G. Bressel5 Bris Avos- All 13 rights citing reservedOhr 126 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak LiToshia on Psalms beginning HaGanuz Bishalach on ‚“ , Malbim Isaiah 23:16. See 139 Mei Nefesh BiSefer Beis Exodus 15:19, presumably Lamentations 5:14 (Meiri Yitzchok based on Mechilta Exodus Kesubos 8a, Avudraham, Etz 140 Shulchan HaEzer 9:5:1 14:15 Yosef) based on Shulchan Aruch 6 Carmela Raiz, Blue Star over 127 Made in Heaven 22 note 190:3 Red Square (Jerusalem, 22 based on Mateh Moshe 12 141 Aruch HaShulchan Even Feldheim Publishers, 1994), 128 Yair Ohr LaMalbim ‚:10, HaEzer 62:18 p. 172 Malbim Isaiah 22:13, 35:1, 142 Aruch HaShulchan Even 7 Targum, Ibn Ezra Exodus 61:10, 65:18, 19, 66:10, HaEzer 62:18 15:5 Tzefania 3:17. For a different 143 Purely practical 8 Arugas HaBosem, Siddur definition, see Gra Esther considerations Yaivetz, Zocher HaBris. See 8:16 144 Aruch HaShulchan Even Psalms 66:6 (Arugas 129 Yair Ohr LaMalbim ‚:10, HaEzer 62:18 HaBosem) Malbim Isaiah 9:2, 16:10, 145 Shulchan HaEzer 9:5:7, 9 Zocher HaBris, Rashi,

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Radak, Metsudas Tzion Songs 7:1, Targum Song of Day Passover Prayers Jeremiah 8:5 Songs 7:1 43 Zocher HaBris 10 Rabeinu Bachaya Genesis 24 Rashi Song of Songs 7:1 44 Arugas HaBosem 6:6, Numbers 20:19, 25 Metsudas Dovid Song of 45 Zocher HaBris Deuteronomy 2:28. Literally, Songs 7:1 46 Zocher HaBris, Mateh Levi the legs or feet 26 Machzor Kol Bo Passover Seventh Day Passover Prayers 11 Rashi, Ibn Ezra, Metsudas 218 47 Teferes Yisroel Modjetz Part Dovid, Metsudas Tzion Song 27 Mateh Levi Seventh Day 1, p. 28 of Songs 7:1 Passover Prayers 48 Zocher HaBris, Mateh Levi 12 See Song of Songs 7:2 28 Zocher HaBris, Siddur Seventh Day Passover Prayers, (Zocher HaBris, Machzor Kol Yaivetz based on Isaiah 11:15 both based on Isaiah 27:12, Bo Passover 218) 29 Techeles Mordechai Arugas HaBosem, Machzor Kol 13 Exodus 14:21-22 (Shwadran) Festivals Seventh Bo Passover 218 14 Zocher HaBris Day Passover pp. 41-42 49 Metsudas Dovid Isaiah 15 Zocher HaBris 30 Mateh Levi Seventh Day 27:12 16 Mateh Levi Seventh Day Passover Prayers 50 Zocher HaBris Passover Prayers based on 31 Deuteronomy 33:26 51 Mateh Levi Seventh Day Exodus 14:22-28 32 Deuteronomy 32:31, Passover Prayers 17 Arugas HaBosem, Siddur Targum, Targum Yonason Ben 52 The Living Torah Deuter- Yaivetz, Machzor Kol Bo Uziel, Targum Yerushalmi, onomy 22:12 Passover 218, Mateh Levi Rashi, Rashbam there 53 Zocher HaBris Seventh Day Passover Prayers 33 Isaiah 17:5 (Arugas 54 Zocher HaBris. Alterna- 18 Sotah 11b and Rashi there, HaBosem) tively, the commandment to Exodus Rabba 1:11, 5:18, 34 Mateh Levi Seventh Day circumcise on the eighth day Numbers Rabba 15:20, Passover Prayers, Machzor Kol takes effect at the moment of Medrash Tanchuma be- Bo Passover 218 birth (Bircas Hamazon Im haaloscha 13, Yalkut Shimoni 35 Zocher HaBris Beur HaGrach Kanievsky). Exodus 1:163, Daas Zekeinim 362017 Targum Jonathan Deuteronomy G. BresselIndeed - All the rights first eight reserved days are MiBaalei HaTosafos Exodus 32:15, 33:26, Zohar Genesis called the eight days of 1:11, Ohr HaChaim Exodus 177b, Siddur Yaivetz, Zocher circumcision (Bircas 1:11, 3:18, Sifsei Chochomim HaBris, Mateh Levi Seventh Hamazon Im Beur HaGrach Genesis 47:28 Day Passover Prayers Kanievsky citing song at end 19 Zocher HaBris 37 Ibn Ezra Deuteronomy of Passover Haggadah, Rashi 20 Arugas HaBosem based on 32:15, Ramban Deuteronomy Ecclesiastes 11:2, Medrash Judges 9:31 7:12 Sochar Tov Psalms 5) 21 Siddur Yaivetz, Zocher 38 Rabeinu Bachaya Exodus 55 Mateh Levi Seventh Day HaBris, Machzor Kol Bo 20:7 Passover Prayers based on Passover 218, Mateh Levi 39 Rabeinu Bachaya Exodus 13:9,16, Deuterono- Seventh Day Passover Prayers Deuteronomy 33:5 my 6:8,11:18 22 Zocher HaBris based on 40 Arugas HaBosem 56 Exodus 13:9,16, Deuter- Genesis 10:13 41 Zocher HaBris onomy 6:8,11:18, Shulchan 23 Siddur Yaivetz, Zocher 42 Arugas HaBosem, Zocher Aruch 25-45 HaBris based on Song of HaBris, Mateh Levi Seventh 57 Mateh Levi Seventh Day

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Passover Prayers based on Mateh Levi Seventh Day Yehuda), Samuel I:23:21, Deuteronomy 28:10 as Passover Prayers. See Numbers Psalms 115:15 interpreted by Brachos 15:38 (Zocher HaBris) 8 Kores Habris 6a,57a, Megillah 16b, Sotah 72 Zocher HaBris citing 9 Habakuk 1:7 (Mateh 17a, Menachos 35b, Chullin Hosea 2:21 Yehuda). Translation 89a. See also Siddur Yaivetz, 73 Radak Hosea 2:21 according to Malbim Exodus Zocher HaBris, Machzor Kol 74 Siddur Yaivetz, Machzor 15:16, 23:27, Joshua 2:9, Bo Passover 218 Kol Bo Passover 218 Habakuk 1:7, Yair Ohr 58 Zocher HaBris. See 75 Radak Isaiah 60:20, See LaMalbim ‡:16,17 Deuteronomy 22:12 Isaiah 60:20 (Zocher HaBris) 10 Psalms 9:10 (Mateh 59 Numbers 15:38-41, 76 Machzor Kol Bo Passover Yehuda). Translation Deuteronomy 22:12, 218 according to Rashi, Meiri, Shulchan Aruch 8-24 77 Mateh Levi Seventh Day Metsudas Dovid, Metsudas 60 Bircas Hamazon Im Beur Passover Prayers Tzion Psalms 9:10 HaGrach Kanievsky based on 78 Metsudas Dovid Psalms 11 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak Menachos 43b 145:1 ‡Ê“¯ , Metsudas Dovid Psalms 61 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak 79 Arugas HaBosem 65:7 Ó ¯˘“ 80 See Exodus 15:11, the 12 Psalms 65:7 (Mateh 62 See Genesis 38:25 words reversed, presumably to Yehuda) 63 Mateh Levi Seventh Day match the rhyme 13 Psalms 93:4 (Mateh Passover Prayers 81 Zocher HaBris based on Yehuda) 64 Song of Songs 2:17 Exodus 15:1-2 14 Hirsch Psalms 115:15. See (Zocher HaBris) also Hirsch Genesis 14:19, 65 Song of Songs 3:6,8:5 blessing after the meal Meiri Psalms 115:15 66 Arugas HaBosem, Siddur invitation for a 15 Pas Lechem on Blessing Yaivetz, Machzor Kol Bo circumcision meal after the Meal Passover 218 16 Psalms 34:2 (Mateh 67 Arugas HaBosem, Mateh 1 Paysach2017 J. Jonathan Krohn, Around G. BresselYehuda -) All rights reserved Levi Seventh Day Passover the Maggid’s Table, (Brooklyn, 17 Dover Shalom BiSiddur Prayers. See also Siddur NY: Artscroll Mesorah Otzar HaTefillos Yaivetz, Zocher HaBris, and Publications, 1989), pp. 141- 18 Mateh Yehuda Machzor Kol Bo Passover 218 145 19 ArtScroll Bris Milah based 68 Arugas HaBosem 2 Bris Avos, Zocher HaBris 1, on Malbim Isaiah 42:10 69 Arugas HaBosem, Siddur 25:17, Kores Habris, Siddur 20 See Job 32:20 (Mateh Yaivetz, Machzor Kol Bo Otzar HaTefilos, Edus Yehuda) Passover 218 LiYisroel. For more sources, 21 Malbim, Hirsch Psalms 70 Zocher HaBris, Machzor see Edus LiYisroel 35:10. Alternatively, “my Kol Bo Passover 218, Mateh 3 Edus LiYisroel body” (Meiri Psalms 35:10) Levi Seventh Day Passover 4 Kores Habris 22 See Psalms 35:10 (Mateh Prayers 5 See Psalms 44:9 (Mateh Yehuda) 71 Arugas HaBosem, Siddur Yehuda) 23 Metsudas Dovid Psalms Yaivetz, Zocher HaBris, 6 Meiri, Hirsch Psalms 115:15 118:26 Machzor Kol Bo Passover 218, 7 Samuel II:2:5 (Mateh 24 Psalms 118:26 (Mateh

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Yehuda) 10 Kad HaKemach Li- 30 Bris Avraham, Kores 25 Based on Metsudas Dovid Rabbeinu Bechaya ÓÈÏ‰ HaBris, Zocher HaBris. See Job 32:20 11 Rabeinu Bachaya Genesis also Mateh Yehuda 26 Based on Malbim Job 17:13, Kad HaKemach 31 Dover Shalom BiSiddur 32:20 LiRabbeinu Bechaya ÓÈÏ‰ . For Otzar HaTefillos 27 Seforno Psalms 118:26 further similarities, see there 32 ArtScroll Bris Milah based 28 Meiri Psalms 118:26 12 See Leviticus 22:27 on Chosom Sofer Responsa 29 Hirsch Psalms 118:26 (Zocher HaBris) Orach Chaim 158, 159 13 See Kings I:8:57 (Zocher 33 Zocher HaBris blessing after the meal HaBris), Chronicles II:36:23 34 Bris Avraham, Kores addition for a (Mateh Yehuda) HaBris, Zocher HaBris. See circumcision meal 14 Kores HaBris, Zocher Isaiah 64:4 (Kores HaBris) HaBris 35 For an explanation of the 1 Paysach J. Krohn, Reflections 15 Shabbos 137b meaning of actions vs. wages, of the Maggid, (Brooklyn, NY: 16 Kores HaBris, Zocher see Shiras David on Siddur Artscroll Mesorah Publica- HaBris based on Gra Ruth 2:12 and tions, 2002), pp. 37-40 17 Mei Nefesh BiSefer Beis Sefer HaMakneh introduction 2 Bris Avraham, Kores Habris, Yitzchok 19 Siddur Otzar HaTefilos 18 Mateh Yehuda, Mei Nefesh 36 See Deuteronomy 28:43 3 Kores Habris BiSefer Beis Yitzchok (Bris Avraham) 4 Pirkei DiRebbe Eliezer 29, 19 Mei Nefesh BiSefer Beis 37 Psalms 119:162, Megillah Medrash Sochar Tov Psalms Yitzchok 16b citing Esther 8:16 112:1, Kesubos 8a (implied), 20 Zocher HaBris 38 Zocher HaBris citing Rashi Shabbos 130a ·˘ÓÁ‰ , 21 Ta’amei HaMinhagim Shabbos 130a, Dover Shalom Tosafos Shabbos 130a ˘˘ 913:11 BiSiddur Otzar HaTefillos ‡ÎÈ , Avudraham Laws of 22 Lechem Rav 190 39 Rashi Shabbos 130a Blessings Gate 9, Kad 23 Mei Nefesh BiSefer Beis ‰ ·˘ÓÁ HaKemach LiRabbeinu Yitzchok2017 Jonathan G. Bressel40 Rashi - All Shabbosrights reserved130a ˘˘ Bechaya ÓÈÏ‰ , Rabeinu 24 Kores Habris ‡Ó¯˙Í ÚÏ ‡ÎÈ , citing Bachaya Genesis 17:13 and 25 Bris Avraham, Kores Menachos 43b 21:8 HaBris, Zocher HaBris 41 Kores HaBris, Zocher 5 Kores Habris based on 26 Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 35 HaBris citing Ruth 2:12 Magen Avraham 215:3 (723) 42 Kores HaBris. Some 6 Kores Habris 27 Romo Yoreh Deah 265:11 understand the connection 7 Zocher HaBris 28 Sefer HaAruch Ò„È˜ÂÒ differently: the sandak 8 Leviticus 22:27 (Zocher 29 The phrase can not mean obligated himself to payments HaBris, Mateh Yehuda) the father, because he was that he had no responsibility 9 Bris Avraham citing Rabeinu already blessed in the previous for (see commentary above, Bachaya Genesis 17:13, Kad request (Bris Avraham, Kores regarding sandak’s charity), HaKemach LiRabbeinu HaBris). Nonetheless, some just as Ruth obligated herself Bechaya ÓÈÏ‰ . See also do view it as referring to the (by converting to Judaism) to Medrash Tanchuma Leviticus father (Mei Nefesh BiSefer Beis commandments that she had end of chap. 8 Yitzchok) no responsibility for (Zocher

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HaBris) Bris Milah pp. 99, 155 Avos 43 Deuteronomy 16:15-16 58 Retrieved from 69 Eruvin 43b citing Malachi (Bris Avraham, Mateh groups.yahoo.com/neo/ 3:23 and Rashi Eruvin 43b Yehuda), Exodus 23:17 groups/adailydose/conversa- ‰˘Ì ÈÂÌ ·‡ ÏÙÈ (Kores 44 Kores HaBris. Moreover, tions/messages/1462 HaBris, Zocher HaBris, Bris an uncircumcised male is Courtesy of Tradition of Avos), the order of the incapable of perceiving the Kindness; from their free requests in the haftorah Divine Presence (Zocher “Daily Dose of Kindness” e- blessings - first Elijah, then HaBris & Lechem Rav 191 mails. Explore the world of the Messiah (Kores HaBris, citing Genesis 17:3 and Rashi Jewish kindness and subscribe Bris Avos). For more sources, there) to the “Daily Dose of see Kores HaBris 45 See Genesis 33:13 (Bris Kindness” at their website 70 Bris Avraham, Kores Avraham, Kores HaBris) www.TraditionOfKindness.org HaBris, Zocher HaBris, Dover 46 See Exodus 17:12 (Bris or e-mail Shalom BiSiddur Otzar Avraham, Kores HaBris, Mateh [email protected] HaTefillos, Mateh Yehuda. Yehuda) 59 Zacharia 9:11. See Radak, This idea is found in Targum 47 Zocher HaBris Ibn Ezra, Metsudas Dovid Yonason Ben Uziel Exodus 48 Mateh Yehuda based on there 6:18, Peirush Yonason Exodus Rashi Exodus 17:12 60 Zocher HaBris, Dover 4:13, Yalkut Shimoni 49 Mei Nefesh BiSefer Beis Shalom BiSiddur Otzar Numbers 25 (771), Zohar Yitzchok HaTefillos Raya Mehemna Pinchas 215a, 50 Bris Avraham, Kores 61 Rashi Genesis 17:1, Dover Zohar Exodus 190a, Pirkei Habris, Edus LiYisroel, Siddur Shalom BiSiddur Otzar DiRebbe Eliezer 29, Bava Otzar HaTefilos HaTefillos. See Psalms 15:2 Metzia 114b according to 51 Kores Habris (Bris Avraham, Kores HaBris, Rashi Ó¯ Î‰Ô Ï‡Â , Baal 52 Zocher HaBris Mateh Yehuda), Genesis 17:1 HaTurim Numbers 25:12. A 53 The plural bloods refers (Zocher HaBris) contrary position is found in either to the blood resulting 62 Ibn2017 Ezra Jonathan Exodus 4:26. G. See BresselBava Basra - All 121b rights reserved‡ÁÈ‰ from both the cutting and the Exodus 4:26 (Bris Avraham, ‰˘ÈÏÂÈ , according to Rashi, uncovering (ArtScroll Bris Mateh Yehuda) Tosafos, Rashba, Ramban. For Milah based on Seforno 63 Esther 3:8 (Bris Avraham, further reference, see Tosafos Exodus 4:26), or to a Mateh Yehuda) HaRosh Kiddushin 70a ‡ÏÈ‰Â requirement to draw blood 64 Zocher HaBris citing Yalkut ÎÂÙ˙Â , Seforno Numbers twice (Kores HaBris, Bris Avos) Shimoni Isaiah 52 (476) and 25:12, Radak Judges 20:28, 54 See Deuteronomy 20:8 Medrash Sochar Tov Psalms Kings I:17:1, Kings I:19:4, (Bris Avraham, Mateh Yehuda) 15:2 Malachi 2:5, Chronicles 55 See Exodus 21:11 (Bris 65 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak I:9:20, Ralbag Judges 5:31, Avraham, Mateh Yehuda) Ô Á˙“ 6:21, Kings I:17:1, 56 Bris Avraham, Kores 66 Kores HaBris I:22:38:27, Rabeinu Bachaya HaBris, Zocher HaBris, Mateh 67 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak Numbers 25:11-13, Ibn Ezra Yehuda, Mei Nefesh BiSefer Á˙“Ô , Ibn Ezra Exodus 4:26 Malachi 3:24, Ohr HaChaim Beis Yitzchok 68 Bris Avraham, Kores Numbers 25:13 57 For details, see ArtScroll HaBris, Zocher HaBris, Bris 71 Pirkei DiRebbe Eliezer 29.

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Whether this is a reward, that prefers to mention the more heralding not the coming of in the merit of his zeal, Elijah important Messiah before the the Messiah, but rather gets to attend all circumci- less important Elijah (Kores something else sions (Pirisha Yoreh Deah HaBris). Second, in a similar 76 See Psalms 132:9 (Bris 265:25), or whether it is a explanation, the text is Avraham, Kores HaBris) rebuke, that because of his according to the opinion that 77 Bris Avraham, Kores undue criticism he is forced to the Messiah will be Moses HaBris, Zocher HaBris, Mateh note every time that the himself, and therefore, even Yehuda Jewish people indeed perform though Elijah will come first, 78 Psalms 89:37 (Bris the mitzvah (Zohar Genesis it is not appropriate to Avraham, Kores HaBris, Mateh 93a, Pirisha Yoreh Deah mention Elijah before Moses Yehuda) 265:25), is under scholarly (Bris Avos). Third, the second 79 Kores HaBris based on Job debate. According to some, request does not refer to 29:3. See Rashi, Ralbag, the story continues with Elijah, but rather to another Metsudas Dovid, Metsudas Elijah’s concern, “Master of personality who will Tzion there the universe, since my nature accompany the Messiah 80 Rashi, Radak, Ralbag, is to be zealous and I will not (Dover Shalom BiSiddur Otzar Metsudas Dovid, Metsudas be a able to bear sin and HaTefillos). According to all Tzion Kings I:19:13 wrongdoing, perhaps the of the answers so far, the 81 Metsudas Tzion Kings father of the son entering the heralding by the Messiah in I:19:13. See Kings I:19:13 covenant will be a sinner and I the first request is apparently (Bris Avraham, Kores HaBris, will not be able to bear it.” heralding not the coming of Mateh Yehuda) God answered him, “I will the Messiah, but rather 82 Rashi, Radak, Ralbag, forgive him his sins.” Elijah something else. Fourth, both Metsudas Dovid, Metsudas said, “Maybe the master of requests refer to Elijah and Tzion Kings II:2:8. See Kings the circumcision and the neither discusses the Messiah. II:2:8 (Bris Avraham, Kores mohel will be sinners.” God Even though the first request HaBris, Mateh Yehuda) answered, “I will forgive them mentions2017 Jonathan the term Messiah G. Bressel83 Malachi - All rights 2:5 (Bris reserved also.” Elijah said further, explicitly, this term some- Avraham, Kores HaBris, “Perhaps those attending will times means only grandeur Zocher HaBris, Mateh be sinners,” and God (Zocher HaBris) Yehuda). See also Numbers answered that He would 75 Kli Chemdah Shmini 25:12 (Bris Avraham, Kores forgive all those in atten- section 3 & Bris Avos citing HaBris, Zocher HaBris, Dover dance.” (Bnei Yissaschar Devarim Niflaim Miketz, Shalom BiSiddur Otzar Tishrei 4:2. For more, see both based on Kreisi Upleisi HaTefillos) Sefer HaBris p. 308) Yoreh Deah 110 at end of Beis 84 Kings II:2:1,11 72 Kores HaBris, Zocher HaSafek. See also Lechem Rav 85 Bris Avraham, Kores HaBris, Bris Avos, Dover 193 who proposes a similar HaBris, Zocher HaBris Shalom BiSiddur Otzar idea, but not that the Messiah 86 Kores HaBris based on HaTefillos, Lechem Rav 193 in the first request is Elijah. Psalms 89:37 73 Zocher HaBris, Bris Avos According to this, the 87 Ibn Ezra, Metsudas Dovid 74 Some of the explanations heralding by the Messiah in Psalms 89:38, Mei Nefesh are as follows. First, the text the first request is apparently BiSefer Beis Yitzchok

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blessing after the meal food blessings food blessings addition for a introduction blessings after food circumcision meal Psalms 118:1) 6 Shulchan Aruch 208:6 88 Kores HaBris based on 2 Emanuel Feldman, Tales 7 Shulchan Aruch 208:2 Zevachim 102a out of Shul, (Brooklyn, NY: 8 Levush 208:1, 211:4 89 Mateh Yehuda citing Shaar Press, 1996), p. 252- 9 Levush 208:1, 211:4,6 Exodus 28:18. Identification 253 10 Levush 211:4, Mishna of this gem is under scholarly Berura 202:2 debate (The Living Torah food blessings 11 Shulchan Aruch 208:1 Exodus 28:18) blessings before food 12 Levush 208:1 90 ArtScroll Bris Milah 13 Mishna Berura 208:50 91 Mei Nefesh BiSefer Beis 1 Rejoice O Youth 160-161 14 Shulchan Aruch 208:12 Yitzchok (pp. 84-85) 15 Tikkun Tefila BiSiddur 92 Zocher HaBris citing Kores 2 Based on Rashi Brachos 35a Otzar HaTefilos HaBris based on Sefer „˘‡ÈÌ ÓÈÈ ·Â¯‡ 16 Vayaas Avraham in Tsilusa HaNitzachon 22. Alternative- 3 This can be considered DiAvraham Siddur ly, Elijah has many agents tantamount to theft, based on 17 Hirsch Siddur pp. 712-714 acting for him (Sodei Rezayay Brachos 35ab 18 Pas Lechem Part 2, Laws of Angels, p. 10). 4 Shulchan Aruch 206:4 19 Mishna Berura 208:50 Alternatively, Elijah has the 5 Rejoice O Youth 175 (pp. 93- 20 Literally, “growth” (Sefer power of an angel to arrive 94) Shorashim Li’Radak Â“· , from one side of the world to 6 Rabbi Avigdor Miller Tape Aruch HaShulchan 208:5). another in an instant (Sefer 317 Alternatively, “fruit” (Ibn Ezra HaNitzachon 22) 7 Rejoice O Youth 703 (p. 312) Deuteronomy 32:13 93 Metsudas Tzion Kings 8 Shulchan Aruch 204 21 See Ezekiel 36:30 (Avodas I:19:13 9 Rashi Genesis 1:29 based on Yisroel) and Deuteronomy 94 Metsudas Dovid Kings Sanhedrin 59b 32:13 (Avudraham) I:19:13 10 Avudraham. For develop- 22 Lechem Rav 203 95 Kings II:2:8 ment of this theme, see Pas 23 Lechem Rav 204, presum- 96 Metsudas Dovid Malachi Lechem on Meein Shalosh ably based on Beis Yosef 208 2:5 Blessing2017 Jonathan G. Bressel24 Bircas - All Hamazon rights Imreserved Beur 97 Ibn Ezra Malachi 2:5 11 Bircas Hamazon Im Beur HaGrach Kanievsky citing 98 Rashi, Radak Malachi 2:5 HaGrach Kanievsky citing Sotah 14a and Griz 99 Mei Nefesh BiSefer Beis Shabbos 119b citing Psalms 25 Shulchan Aruch 208:12, Yitzchok 33:6 Mishna Berura 208:58 26 Mishna Berura 208:50 food blessings food blessings 27 Shulchan Aruch 207:1 introduction blessings after food 28 Maharal Netivos Olam Gmilus Chassadim end of 1 Devora Rubin, Daughters 1 Rejoice O Youth 162-164 chapter 1 of Destiny, (Brooklyn, NY: (pp. 86-87) 29 Rav Ovadiah Bartenura Artscroll Mesorah Publica- 2 Deuteronomy 8:8 Brachos 6:8, Tosafos Brachos tions, 1988), p. 172. We repay 3 Levush 208:1, 211:1 37a ·Â¯‡ , Avudraham, Tur God through thanks and 4 Levush 208:1, Mishna 207, Levush 207, Shela Gates acknowledgment (Medrash Berura 208:2 of Letters Kedushas HaAchila. Sochar Tov & Yalkut Shimoni 5 Shulchan Aruch 168:6,7 See also Talmid Rabbeinu Yona

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food blessings glossary glossary blessings after food 1 Rashi Beitsa 16a & Taanis source (as opposed to of Brachos 32a (pagination of 27b È˙È¯‰ ˘Ó‰ Rabbinic source) such as Rif) È Â·È¯Â˘ÏÓ 2 Ibn Ezra Genesis 2:3 & Friday night kiddush (Mishna 30 Shenos Eliyahu Brachos Exodus 20:8, Seforno Exodus Berura 271:3) and blessing 6:8, Imrei Noam Brachos 37a 20:11, Shita Mikubetses Beitsa after the meal 31 Avodas Yisroel 16a 5 Exodus 29:9, 40:13,15. See 32 Mishna Berura 207:3 3 Rabbeinu Chananel Beitsa also Rashi Genesis 47:22 33 Pas Lechem citing Nagid 16a 6 Sefer Shorashim Li’Radak UMitzvah 4 Shulchan Aruch 55:9, ¯ Î˘“ 34 Amud HaChesed 5 (in back Shulchan Aruch Choshen 7 Numbers 18:2-6, 21-32 of Ahavas Chesed) Mishpot 35:1, Shulchan Aruch 8 Exodus 25:31-40, Leviticus 35 Pas Lechem Even HaEzer 155:12,14. In 24:1-4, Numbers 8:2 36 Pas Lechem citing Maasei addition, certain signs of Hashem Maaseh Mitzrayim physical maturity are needed chap. 1 at beginning when the issue is of Torah

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright index

A Adam and Eve — continued amen — continued marriage of. 262, 263, 265, as interruption. 45 A Song of Ascents. 193 267, 271, 386 defined. xxi abandonment. 166, 240 matched by God. 388 form of prayer. xxi Abraham. See also patriarchs sin of. 185 not on one’s own blessing. able to bless others. 25 wedding canopies of. 265, 222 circumcised. 297 271, 272, 388 say versus let us say. 382 circumcised his son. 291 adult, Jewish. See Jewish adult thoughts during. 222 desired land of Israel. 211 adult receiving blessing given when said. xxi God’s blessing upon. 233 to children. 26 Anamite (people). 279 goes in perfection. 297 adversary, the. 228, 229 ancestors. See Jewish ancestors Abraham and Sarah afterlife. See world to come Ancient of Days. 163 hospitality. 77 age, old. 240 angel of circumcision. 298 originators of communal agent for blessings. See angel of death. 229, 233, 348 invitation. 204 blessings: said by one angels abstention, holiness through. person for another a gathering among. 162 238 Aharon about. 14 abundance. See blessing grandfather of Pinchas. 298 accompany person Friday acclimating back to weekdays. Kohanim are descended night. 13 187 from. 330 achieving spiritual level of. Achashverosh in Purim story. air fresheners as spice for 13 255 havdallah. 182 at wedding of Adam and achievement, eating as means air of land of Israel. 211 Eve. 263, 271 toward. 201 Akiva, Rabbi. 224 counterparts of people. 12 acrostics. 63, 69, 77, 83, 89, alcohol. See fermentation created by God. 84 119, 127, 133, 139, 145, process; kiddush: alcohol created by performance of 161, 260, 277, 291 in mitzvah. 15 act of creation. See creation of aliyah. See land of Israel: custodian of the world. 240 the universe Jewish people rising to fed by beauty of God. 381 action, blessing always All blessing, the. 232 good and evil types of. 13 proceeds. See blessings: alphabet Hebrew as language of. xi before action 2017gematria. Jonathan See gematria G. Bressellack - Allinherent rights unity. reserved 162 action, speech, and thought.  letters of. 17 limited regarding Shabbat. 268 altar in Holy Temple 105 actions in service of God. 295 Kohen’s service of. 44 peace via. 13 actions of God. See God: plea for mercy on. 320 praises of God by. 61 actions of symbolized by dining table. rising beyond stature of. 15 activities, weekday. See See table, dining: sing to God. 263 weekday activities symbolizes altar in Holy six-winged. 61, 162 Adam and Eve Temple story about. 13 angels at wedding of. See ambiance types of. 369 angels: at wedding of Friday night. 60 anger Adam and Eve via candle lighting. 3 of God. 143 God at wedding of. See amen on Shabbat. 162 God: at wedding of Adam after May the Merciful One. plea to remove. 261 and Eve 230 Shabbat eliminates. 74 God’s love of. 185 as if one said the words oneself. 345

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright animals. See also creatures B bentching. See blessing after born fully functional. 35 the meal covenant of Jewish people Babylon. 146, 388 best of everything, God with. 272 Babylon, By the Rivers of. provides. 226 created by God. 84 193 best of food for Shabbat. 106 creation of. 65 Babylonian language. 83 betrothal. See also marriage; on the food chain. 215 bad guest. 228 wedding peace among. 272 bagel as challah alternative. 30 metaphor for redemption. permission for mankind to bakery, Williamsburg. 110 282 eat. 315 baking matzah. 242 beverages. See drinks purpose. 315 Bar Kochba. 224 Bible. See Torah slaughter. 58. See also meat bar mitzvah defined. 330 biological reproduction. See working on Shabbat. 106 bar mitzvah, story about. 12 reproduction anointed one. See King David; barley products, blessing after. birds. See also dove of Noah Messiah 318 covenant of Jewish people anointment. 166 barren woman, Jerusalem as. with. 272 anthropomorphism of God. 270 created by God. 84 339 Batzra (Aramite city). 146 fatted fowl. 70 apple of God’s eye. 145 beautification of God. 230 story about. 138 Apples, Field of Holy. 161 beautification of Shabbat. 107 birkat hamazon. See blessing appreciation. 201. See also Beautiful One. 168 after the meal gratitude to God; beauty, city of. 86 birth pangs of days of thanking God beauty of God. See God: Messiah. 74 Aramaic language. 83 beauty of blessed for God. 286 arm, tefillin as seal on. 282 beauty of Woman of Valor. blessing. See also blessings; armies of heaven and earth. 21, 23 prayer 178 beginnings are difficult. 19 abundance. xix arming of Jewish people. 220 behavior, habitual. 102 complete form of. 232 aroma, pleasing. 139 behavior, moral. See moral found in Hebrew month. array in heavens, upper. 64 behavior 234 arrival of Shabbat. See behavior, social. 102 from God. 226 Shabbat: start of being.2017 See existence Jonathan G. Bresselfruit of- All land rights of Israel reserved full of. art, food as work of. 207 Beitar, city of. 224, 226, 358 215 ashamed vs. shamed. 378 belief and faith. 38, 238, 279, gematria of. 165, 338 Ashkenazic Jewry 295. See also trust in God God as source of. See God: defined. 330 believers. 77, 140, 286 blessing, source of eats gefilte fish. 58 beloved, God as. See God: heavenly conduits of. 25 pronunciation method. 329 beloved inaugurating new week assimilation. 26 Beloved One. 167 with. 176 atmosphere. See ambiance beloved ones, Jewish people increased soul facilitates Atonement, Day of. 135 as. 283 receipt of. 25 attributes of God. See God: benediction as Yiddish word land of Israel as source of. attributes of bentching. 191 See land of Israel: blessing, audacious dogs. 163 benefit of Shabbat. xvi source of awareness of Shabbat. xvi bent as meaning of blessings. plea for. See plea for blessing awe of God. 287. See also fear: 339 received through unity. 232, of God 233

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright blessing — continued blessing after the meal — blessing after the meal — Shabbat as source of. See continued continued Shabbat: blessing, source communal invitation. See reminder that all comes of communal invitation from God. 206 through marriage. 265 composition. 191, 201 Rosh Hashanah. 235, 236, trust in God leads to. 240 concentration on. 201 243, 247 via Holy Temple. 216 condensed version of. 318 saying for oneself vs. via name of God. 289 cup of wine. 203, 241 listening to leader. 201 blessing, a complete. 232 cup of wine mentioned in seasonal additions. 234 blessing after bread. See song. 77, 81 Shabbat. 220, 234, 236 blessing after the meal cup of wine, putting down. Shavuot. 234, 236, 243, blessing after five fruits. 318 227 246 blessing after food. 317 differences for those blessing Shmini Atzeret. 234, 236, blessing after the meal. 191 alone. 233 243, 247 categorization. 318 eating and drinking as topic Simchat Torah. 234, 236, five fruits. 318 of. 201 243, 247 general foods. 326 end. 240, 241 song about. 77 grain. 318 end of core portion. 227 Succot. 234, 235, 236, 243, wine and grape juice. 318 enhanced by Jewish people. 246 blessing after general foods. 201 text changed. 210, 216 326 first blessings of Torah thanks to God. See thanking blessing after grain. 318 origin. 222, 224, 318 God blessing after the meal. 201 formalization of blessings of. through His mercy (the A Song of Ascents. 193 201, 206, 210, 216, 224 phrase). 223 additional phrases in. 230 fourth blessing not of Torah Torah commandment. 201, bentching (Yiddish name). origin. 222, 224 214 191 grants rights to land of washing hands before. 197 birkat hamazon (Hebrew Israel. 210 wedding. See blessing after name). 191 Hebrew month. 234, 236, the meal: marriage blessing, first. 206 246 blessing after wine and grape blessing for the host. See holidays. 234, 236, 243 juice. 318 blessing bestowed on host 2017interruption Jonathan between G. hand Bresselblessing - All against rights angel reserved of blessing, fourth. 224, 358  washing and. 198 death. 233 blessing on wine. 241 leading of. 201 blessing against decay in blessing, second. 210, 212 leaving remnants of bread grave. 233 blessing, third. 216, 218 on table. 202 blessing against sin. 228, 233 blessings for people. 232 location. 201 blessing before food. 305 bread consumption required marriage. 202, 241 bread. See blessing on bread for. 205 mentioned in song. 77 everything else. 315 By the Rivers of Babylon. Passover. 234, 236, 243, fruit. 311 193 246 grains. 307 Chanukah. 214, 248, 249, peace. 216, 226, 236, 240 vegetables. 313 250, 251 philosophical issues wine and grape juice. 309 Chol Hamoed not men- mentioned. 238, 240 blessing bestowed by God. See tioned. 234 Purim. 214, 255, 256 God: blessing from circumcision. 234, 236, purpose. 201 blessing bestowed by 285, 291 Kohanim. 25, 27, 261

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright blessing bestowed by Shabbat. blessing bestowed on the blessing on bread. 47, 49, 52 See Shabbat: blessing, table. 230 grants rights to food. 210 source of blessing bestowed on the honoring with salt. 51 blessing bestowed on world. 216 interruption between hand Abraham. 232 blessing bestowed on washing and. 45 blessing bestowed on children. weekdays. 5 blessing on candle lighting. 7, 25, 26, 27 blessing beyond that of all 69 blessing bestowed on nations. 130 blessing on creation of circumcised child. 295 blessing, Borei Nefashos. 326 happiness. 265 blessing bestowed on blessing, cup of. See cup of blessing on creation of daughters. 26 blessing mankind. 265 blessing bestowed on father. blessing for God’s kiss. 233 blessing on creation of mind 232, 293 blessing for having children. and soul. 265, 267 blessing bestowed on host. 233 blessing on creation of the 201, 228, 232 blessing for health. 27 universe. 265 blessing bestowed on Jacob. blessing for honor. 233 blessing on distinctions 122 blessing for longevity. 233, (havdallah). 186 blessing bestowed on Jewish 299 blessing on fruit. 311 people. See Jewish people: blessing for peace blessing on fruit of the vine. blessed upon Jewish people. See See blessing on wine blessing bestowed on living peace: God blesses Jewish blessing on general foods. 315 places. 125 people with blessing on grains. 307 blessing bestowed on meal via God. 237, 240 blessing on hand washing. 43, participants. 232 via Kohanim. 27 45 blessing bestowed on mother. via parents. 27 blessing on happiness of bride 232, 293 blessing for possessions. 27, and groom. 265, 272 blessing bestowed on 228, 232 blessing on havdallah flame. offspring. 232 blessing for properties near 184, 185, 371 blessing bestowed on city. 228 special. 372 patriarchs. 233 blessing for remembering blessing on havdallah spices. blessing bestowed on people. Holy Temple. 270 182 232 blessing2017 for Jonathanspiritual insight G. Bresselblessing - onAll havdallahrights reserved wine. blessing bestowed on sandak.  and inspiration. 27 180 294 blessing for strengthening the blessing on kiddush. See also blessing bestowed on Shabbat. spirit. 27 blessing on wine See Shabbat: blessed by blessing for Torah, marriage, cup raised in hand. 36 God and good deeds. 274, 293 text of. 37, 38 blessing bestowed on sons. 26 blessing for wealth. See while sitting. 40 blessing bestowed on the blessing for possessions blessing on male and female. home blessing for welfare. 232 265 by God. 230, 232 blessing for world to come. blessing on marriage. See by Shabbat Queen. 125 233 seven blessings after for abundant food. 202 blessing God. 201 wedding meal for peace. 233 blessing in state of holiness. blessing on new year. 235 symbolized by free flowing 321 blessing on restoration of wine. 176 blessing, increased. 184 Jerusalem. 265 blessing, Meein Shalosh. 318

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright blessing on restoration of land blessings — continued body — continued of Israel. 265 hands clean for. 197 thanking God for providing blessing on the body. 267 holding object in right needs of. xx blessing on vegetables. 313 hand. 182. See also hands: bond, social. See social bond blessing on washing the preference of right over bond through marriage. 269 hands. See blessing on left bones, ridding cooked fish of. hand washing honored with wine. 36 58 blessing on wine. See also in state of holiness. 321 book, cantillating a. 72 blessing on kiddush interruption of. 49, 50. See book of Proverbs. 17 blessing before food. 309 also interruptions book of Psalms. See Psalms, in blessing after the meal. leader finishes with raised book of 241 voice. 226 book of Samuel. 236 in havdallah. 180 never eating or drinking book, singing a. 72 in kiddush. 37, 108 without. 215 books of the Prophets, last in seven blessings after not saying is tantamount to prophecy in. 231 wedding meal. 265, 274 theft. 395 booth, covered. See succah blessing people. 25 opportunity of. xx borders of land of Israel, blessing, personal. 27 participants finish before spacious. 211 blessing, source of. See God: leader. 226 Borei Nefashos blessing. 326 blessing, source of; land permission to say. 50 boundless, Shabbat pleasure of Israel: blessing, source praise of God. 215 as. 71 of; Shabbat: blessing, recognition of God’s plenty. bounty, God’s. xx, 77, 205, source of xx 262, 263 blessing, triple. See triple repaying God with. 302, bowing toward glory of God. blessing 395 167 blessings. See also blessing; said by one person for braided form, natural prayer another. xxi, 29, 201 occurrence of. 48 actuators. xx sign off with message of bread. See also challah amen after. See amen peace. 236 amount to eat. 351 as social bond. xxi story about. 302 as pleasure on Shabbat. 136 before action. 6, 45 structure of. xix at each Shabbat meal. 47, beginning similar to end. 2017tense of. Jonathan 37 G. Bressel 57- All rights reserved 223  thanks to God. xx, 215, 339 at melaveh malka. 187 better via one leader. xxi while living in land of Israel. avoiding embarrassment of. centerpoint of Jewish 215, 321 346 ceremonies. xix blessings of praise. 372 basic foodstuff of humanity. connection to God via blood of circumcision. 292, 52 recitation of. 321 293, 296, 297, 393 blessing on. See blessing on create abundance. xx blueprint of the universe. xi bread create awareness. xix body breaking. 50, 128 defined. xix, 339 blessing on creation of. 267 commandments in prepara- enhancing concentration on. less important than mind. tion of. 49 31, 177 229 creation of. 302 explicit praise of God. xx male and female originally defined. 346 gematria of. See gematria: of one. 269 different type at each meal. blessing reflects spiritual image of 153 God responds to. xx God. 269 double loaves of. 67, 128

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright bread — continued bride and groom. See also building of Holy Temple. See eating God’s. 78 marriage; wedding construction of Holy essential. 326 blessing on happiness in Temple; destruction of gematria of. 51 marriage. See blessing on Holy Temple; restoration giving slice to spouse first. happiness of bride and of Holy Temple 52 groom bulb, electric. See electric bulb growing on trees. 47, 50 celebration of. 270 burial of dead forbidden by honors Shabbat. 351 choose each other through Romans. 224 knife and cutting board. 48 free will. 388 business matters. See also leaving remnants on table. God makes happy. See God: weekday activities 202 makes bride and groom abstention from. xvi manna as prototype form of. happy business calculations. 72 47 happiness of. 262, 272 charity and. 20 maximizes pleasure on honeymoon. 265 limits on speech concerning. Shabbat. 351 Jerusalem and God as. 272 133 most important food. 318 Jewish people and God as. ventures. 228 not nicking before blessing. 282, 339 butcher, story about. 156 49 kindness upon. 267 By the Rivers of Babylon. 193 not passing into person’s love between. See love: hand. 52 between bride and groom C not throwing. 52 paradigm of happiness. 270 participation in preparation peace between. See peace: calculations, business. 72 of. 47, 50 between bride and groom Calf, Golden. 124 plea for. 202, 240 plea for happiness of. See calling to God. 146, 180, 288 provided by God. 129 plea for happiness of bride callings, holy. 38 raising during blessing. 50 and groom calm and security. 91 reasons for eating it on sanctification of. 265 candle, havdallah. 177 Shabbat. 351 seven blessings after candle lighting required for blessing after wedding meal. See seven adding the word kodesh. the meal. 205 blessings after wedding 342 required for communal meal as done in Holy Temple. 4 invitation. 203 Shabbat2017 and Jonathan Jewish people G. Bresselbefore - Allkiddush. rights 345 reserved required for seven blessings  as. 69 blessing on. See blessing on after wedding meal. 266 song of. 272 candle lighting resting hands on during sound of. 273 burning duration of candles. blessing. 49 ten types of happiness of. 4 salt, dipping in. 51 272 by guests. 3 symbolizes mercy. 51 bride, Shabbat as. See by whom. 340 bread basket. 52 Shabbat: bride candle alternatives. 4 bread of laziness. 22 broken nation. 90 covering eyes during. 6, 7 bread, show. See show bread brotherhood differences between men bread, slice of between bride and groom. and women. 4, 6 as challah alternative. 30 272 gematria of. 341 giving to spouse first. 52 defined. 273 giving charity before. 4 breaking bread. 50, 128 glancing at candles for breath of our nostrils. 80 healthy vision. 32 in Holy Temple. 252

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright candle lighting — continued celebration — continued character development. 17, increases pleasure. 3 of God’s world through 21, 293 joy. 3 singing. 13 charity. See also feeding the key to pleasure on Shabbat. of marriage. 265 poor 4 of salvation. 178 as good business sense. 20 kindling wicks. 4 of wedding remotely. 258 bestowed on Jewish people lighting early. 340 sound of. 273 by God. 233 marks beginning of Shabbat. celebration, family. 120 beyond what is deserved. 6 ceremonies, Jewish. 36 381 mentioned in song. 69 chain, food. 215 by sandak. 294, 392 never after sun has set. 345 chair of Elijah the Prophet. deficiencies in act of giving. number of candles to light. 298, 299 219 2, 4, 341 challah. See also bread giving before candle olive oil. 341 alternatives for. 30 lighting. 4, 341 participation by men. 3, 4 board underneath. 30 Jerusalem rebuilt through. preparing candles. 4 bottom loaf on Friday night. 223 procedure. 4 49, 50, 153 outlawed in Sodom. 197 purpose. 3, 6, 340 braiding. 48 Zion filled with. 81 reward for. 8 commemoration of manna. Chassidic melodies. 158 safety issues. 3 30 Chassidim. 82, 158 specifically by women. 3, 5 commemoration of show defined. 330 story about. 2 bread. 48 chastising rod of God. 166 symbolism. 2, 4, 5 commemoration of tithe. 48 chazak (acrostic). 119 time of. 3, 340 cover, removing from. 50 cheek-full, drinking. See using oil for. 4 covering at third meal. 153 drinking: minimum of a canister, seed. 195 covering during kiddush. 30 cheek-full canopy of peace. 5, 12, 169 covering during the week. cheer cantillating a book. 72 368 defined. 273 captivity of Jewish people. See covering even after kiddush. of bride and groom. 272 also exile of Jewish people 48 children. See also daughters; diminishes God’s good defined. 30, 48 offspring; sons; sons and name. 194 2017etymology. Jonathan 48 G. Bressel daughters- All rights reserved revitalized by God. 195  hands under cover during blessing bestowed on. See tents of Jacob. 223 blessing. 49 blessing bestowed on captivity of Zion. 194 kosher requirement for. 30 children car as analogy to Shabbat number of loaves to use. 47, blessing for having. 233 observance. xix 48, 153 mercy of father on. 218, caring for the poor. 240 story about. See story about: 225 carrying seed canister and challah of Jerusalem. 270 sheaves. 195 symbolism. 48 Passover. 242 celebration. See also rejoicing third meal. 153 plea for God to be with. 292 at circumcision. 294 top loaf on Saturday plea for having. 9, 248 by Jewish people. 179 morning. 50 plea for success in education defined. 273 challot. See challah of. 293 form of happiness. 273, 294 chance, abandonment to. 166 plea for success in raising. of bride and groom. 272 Chanukah. See blessing after 292 the meal: Chanukah praise Woman of Valor. 22

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright children — continued circumcision — continued circumcision meal. 291 Shabbat observance by. 140 distinct quality of Jewish celebration. 292 stand for Woman of Valor. people. 210 communal invitation. 285 22 eight days of. 390 honorees. 291, 292 teaching of. 72 Elijah as angel of. 298 song for. 277 woman’s body engineered entrance into covenant. 274, cities of Judeah. 273 for. 269 293 city, blessing for proximity of chlorine. 51 entrance under the Divine properties to. 228 Chol Hamoed not in blessing Presence. 294 city gates. 21, 23 after the meal. 234 first mitzvah in life. 274 city, holy. See Jerusalem; Zion cholent. See Shabbat food: for sake of God. 281 city of beauty. 86 cholent; story about: from eighth day onward. city of David. 216, 377 cholent 292 city of God. See Jerusalem; chosen people. 39, 65, 71, 86. happily received by Jewish Zion See also Jewish people people. 294 city of Jerusalem. See cinnamon as spice for land of Israel merited Jerusalem havdallah. 182 through. 213 city of Shushan. 256 circumcision life’s first taste of wine. 274 city of Zion. See Zion, city of a mitzvah continually limitations on those who cleanliness of hands for observed. 213 lack it. 295 blessings. 197 Abraham reached perfection meal. See circumcision meal cleansing the heart. 136 via. 297 merited safe travel through climate of land of Israel. 211 accepted by God. 293 Red Sea. 277 cloak of Elijah the Prophet. and King David. 294 mitzvah. 294 298, 299 and marriage. 274 mohel. 296 closeness to God. See attended by Elijah the not observed in monarchy connection to God Prophet. 298, 299 of Ephraim. 298 clothing blessing after the meal. 204, offering fruit of one’s womb. of Woman of Valor. 21 234 292 provided by God. 129 blessing the infant. 274, 293 participation in. 292 way of expressing happiness. blood of. See blood of redemption through. 297 273 circumcision reward2017 for. Jonathan 294 G. Bresselclothing, - All holiday. rights 38. reserved See also blood of the father. 293 sandak. 294 Shabbat clothing celebrated with meal. 292, seal. 281, 282 clothing the naked. 102 294 similarity to Holy Temple clouds chair of Elijah the Prophet offerings. 292 formed by God. 209 at. See chair of Elijah the sins forgiven at ceremony. God dwells in. 122 Prophet 394 cloves as spice for havdallah. covenant. 274, 292, 293 song for meal of. 277 182 covenant stamped in flesh. stamped in flesh. 212, 213, coffin, burial tradition 281 294 regarding. 362 credit for mitzvah of. 293 thanking God for. 210, 212 cohen. See Kohen cup of wine at. 36, 274 three steps of. 296 collective praise of God. See defines procreative powers. unusual mitzvah. 294 communal invitation 274 wine given infant at. 274 colors of havdallah flame. 177 desire to fulfill command- women in. 388 comfort from God. 166 ment of. 281

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright commandment of Shabbat. commandments of God — completion See also Shabbat; Shabbat continued of creation of the universe. observance Shabbat equals sum of all See creation of the engraved on tablets of Ten other. 220 universe: completion of Commandments. 140 strength through. 220 of physical and moral fulfillment of. 142 symbolized by seeds. 195 worlds. 39 received at Mt. Sinai. 90 thanking God for. 212 through marriage. 265 received in Sinai desert. 134 virtue in and of themselves. complimenting the chef. 57, strength through. 66, 220 339 115 Ten Commandments, Commandments, the Ten. See concentration fourth of. See Ten Ten Commandments, the on blessing after the meal. Commandments, the: commemoration. 243 201 Shabbat as fourth of communal invitation via cup of wine. See cup of versus all other command- bread required. 203 wine: promotes concen- ments. 220 collective praise of God. 204 tration commandments concerning description. 201 via wine. 36 bread. 49 for circumcision meal. 204, concentration camp. See story commandments concerning 285 about: Shabbat in God. 106 for wedding meal. 259, 260 concentration camp commandments of God. See God’s name mentioned. 203 concern of God. 243 also mitzvah; Torah host chooses leader of. 203 conduit, land of Israel as. 211 allegory of king and servant. Jewish adults required. 203 congregation, synagogue. 25 339 leading. 201 connection to God. See also as explicit portion of Torah. men vs. women. 203, 374 partnership: with God 288 mentioned in song. 77 intermediaries. See interme- blessings on. xx on Shabbat. 203 diaries deviation from. 163 originated by Abraham and Jewish people’s. See God: first one given to Jewish Sarah. 204 relationship with Jewish people. 38 part of blessing after the people first one given to mankind. meal. 201 negative and positive forces 55 permission to lead. 205, and. 229 fulfilled by Jewish people. 2017288, Jonathan289 G. Bresselon - Shabbat. All rights 69 reserved See Jewish people: fulfill  strengthens Jewish commu- personal. xix God’s commandments nity. 204 plea for. 244 fulfillment of. 139, 142, 195 when performed. 203 via physical pleasure. 29, 61 holiness through. xx communal singing via recitation of blessings. Mt. Sinai as broadcast of Torah. 61 xx, 321 center of. 142 through prophecy. 278 via Shabbat observance. outlawed by Syrian-Greeks. community, Jewish. See Jewish 105, 129, 365 249, 251 community via singing. 61 payment for fulfillment of. community leadership. 26 conquerors of Jewish people. 195 compassion. 197 231 performed by righteous competition absent in consciousness people. 139 heavens. 237 expanded via land of Israel. provide spiritual nourish- 211 ment. xx future behavior of limbs independent of. 194

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright consciousness, spiritual. See cow, Jewish people as creation of the universe — spirituality overworked. 231 continued consolation creation heavens and earth. See Elijah the Prophet heralds. happiness as first compo- heavens and earth 231 nent of. 273 incomplete. 47 incomplete until kingdom happiness of God with. 262 land. 64 of David restored. 216 incomplete until pairing of light of. 63 of Zion. 221 man and woman. 267 mankind. See mankind consolations, Master of. 221 levels of. 215 marriage as reenactment of. consonants. 329 mankind as pinnacle of. 267 265 construction of Holy Temple peace between mankind mentioned in kiddush. 38 arranged by King David. and. 13 mind. See mind: creation of 235 relinquishing mastery over. partnership with God in. See by King Solomon. 216 See mastery over creation, partnership: with God creative work defined as relinquishing purpose of. 265 activities of. xvii Shabbat as God’s stamp on. reenactment of. 265 Shabbat observance 32 renewed by Shabbat for six supersedes. 104 creation of the universe days at a time. See took place only on week- act of. 38, 107 Shabbat: renews creation days. 104, 176 angels. 84 of the universe contemplation of Torah. 133 animals. 65, 269, 315 rest. 34 control by God. See God: blessing on. 265 sea creature. 65 controls body. 267 seas. See seas, creation of converts by God. 13, 102 Shabbat. 58 Ruth. See Ruth cessation of. 34 Shabbat as completion of. 2, Shabbat rest for. 106 commemorated by Shabbat. 38 cooking on Shabbat. 57, 361 38 Shabbat observance akin to. correction rod of God. 166 completed in six days. xvi, 105 couple (male and female) 91, 107, 127 six days vs. seven days. 34 creation of. 268 completion of. 34, 38, 65, sixth day. 58 first in history. 271 262 skies. 64 couple (pair). 122 continued2017 Jonathan until end of G. sixth Bresselsoul. -See All soul, rights the: reservedcreation court of law, Jewish. 31  day. 34, 107 of covenant of circumcision. See creatures. See creatures stamp of God on. See God: circumcision exodus from Egypt and. 38 stamp on creation by covenant of Jewish people fifth day. 57 ten sayings of. 272 with creatures. 272 fire. 185 testimony to. See Shabbat covenant of life and peace. first activity of. 185 observance: testimony to 298, 299 fish. 57 creation of the universe covenant with Jewish people, for God’s honor. 267 thanking God for. 267 God’s for pleasure of the soul. 330 time. 107 God’s memory of. 143, 245 for six days only. See Torah as blueprint of. xi symbolized by salt. 51 Shabbat: renews creation via speech. 103, 347 testimony to. 105 of the universe wine. 265 covering challah. See challah: grapes. 315 woman. 265 covering happiness of bride and groom. 272

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright creation of the universe — creatures — continued cup of wine — continued continued each receives fitting type of havdallah preamble to. 180 world supervised by God food. 207 heralds arrival of Shabbat. after. See God: supervises needs of. 326 176 world after creation will and desire of. 239 heralds coming week. 176 creative work. See also credentials of God. 39 holding on palm. 31 weekday activities; work crown lifting. 31, 101, 177, 203, animal slaughter. 58 in future. 124 260, 267, 268, 270, 271, as activities of construction on Shabbat. 124, 125 272, 274, 292, 294, 295, of Holy Temple. xvii stones of. 299 296, 297, 298 by servants. See servants symbolizes increased soul. mentioned in song. 77, 81 working on Shabbat 124 overflowing at havdallah. defined. xvii wisdom as. 146 176 during the weekdays. xvi, crowning as king. 166 promotes concentration. 31, 106, 127 cruelty, Sodom as place of. 101, 177, 186 heating water. 44 197 putting down. 227, 380 in song. 365 crushing grapes. 36 requirements. 31, 100, 350 lighting a fire. 3 crushing oppressors. 146 rinsing. 346 permitted after Shabbat. cry of Jewish people. 145 silver. 31, 100 184 crying story about. 98 prohibited on Shabbat. 69, farmer sowing seeds. 195 symbolism. 101 92, 125, 127, 136, 220 future elimination of. 272 volume of. 31, 100 removing bones from crying out to God. See calling custodian of the world. 240 cooked fish. 58 to God cutting board. 48 Shabbat needs none. 58 cup filled to satisfaction. 166 taking mind off of. 34, 106 cup, hand washing. See hand D thirty-nine categories of. xvii washing cup thoughts of. 72 cup of blessing, drinking daily routine, freedom from. Creator. xvii, xx, 65, 71, 77, from. 241 xvi, 39 78, 80, 81, 83, 84, 85, cup of salvation. 180 damage, source of. 229 86, 105, 106, 123, 124, cup of wine. See also grapes; dance as expression of 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 2017wine Jonathan G. Bressel happiness.- All rights 273 reserved 155, 178, 185, 225, 268,  adds honor to blessings. 36 date fruits, blessing after. 318 269, 314 adds honor to Shabbat. 203 daughters. 73, 106, 125, 145. creator of all life, God as. 84 anchors kiddush. 101 See also children; off- Creator of Man. 268 at blessing after the meal. spring; sons; sons and Creator of mankind. 269 203 daughters creator of the universe, God at circumcision. See blessing bestowed on. 26 as. xvi, 13. See also circumcision: cup of wine daughters and sons. See sons creation of the universe at and daughters Creator of the World. xvii at communal invitation for davening. 330 creature, desert. 65 wedding meal. 260 David, city of. See city of creature, sea. 65 at seven blessings after David creatures. See also animals wedding meal. 266 David, King. See King David covenant of Jewish people at wedding of Adam and day, desired. See Shabbat: with. 272 Eve. 271 desired day created by God. 208, 326 filled to top. 31 day, fifth. 57

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright day, God provides food on decay — continued desolation of Holy Temple. each. 212 salt free of. 51 147 day, honored. See Shabbat: declaring God as grand and desolation, Shabbat obser- honored day good. 289 vance prevents. 119 day, Jewish. 3 declaring God as holy. 78 destruction of Holy Temple day, life’s last. 21 declaring God as source of all blessing for remembering. Day of Atonement. 135 blessing. xix, xx, 79, 214, 270 day of final judgement. 231 230, 321. See also God: by God. 261 day of God. 231 blessing, source of curtailment of joy since. 261 day of happiness. 136 declaring Shabbat. See also dining table as altar since. day of pleasure. See Shabbat: proclaiming Shabbat; 118 day of pleasure remembering Shabbat first temple. 193, 388 Day of Remembrance. See as a pleasure. 73, 102 misery for Jewish people. Rosh Hashanah in kiddush. 106 92, 119 day of rest. See Shabbat: day in song. 125, 142 mourning over. 270 of rest decompression chamber. 187 peoples involved in. 147 day, sixth. See creation of the deer. See land of Israel: second temple. 224 universe compared to deer detail of Shabbat observance. day that is entirely Shabbat. deficiency. 238 See Shabbat observance: 234 created by God. 326 detail of days of creation. See creation degradation, plea against. 218 Devai Haser poem. 260 of the universe delicacies. 55, 67, 70, 105, devar Torah defined. 330 days of Messiah. See also 120, 129, 136, 155 development of gratitude. See messianic redemptions deliverance. See salvation gratitude to God: birth pangs of. 74 deodorant as spice for developing meriting to see. 235 havdallah. 182 development, weekdays as symbolized by Shabbat. 236 deprivation as state of mind. time for. 138 days of old. 169 238 dew, manna wrapped in. See days, six. See six days descriptions of God. 224 manna: wrapped in dew daytime kiddush. See desecration of Shabbat. See diaspora. See exile of Jewish Kiddush, Grand Shabbat: desecration of people dead of Beitar. 224, 226 desert.2017 See alsoJonathan Sinai desert G. Bresseldietary - laws, All rightsJewish. reservedSee dead, resurrection of the. 226 shade in. See shade: in desert Jewish dietary laws death streams in. 195 differences. See distinctions future elimination of. 272 trees in. 146 digestion better with light laughing at. 21 desert creature. 65 foods first. 58 some arrive to land of Israel design in the world, beauty of. digestion process. 207, 213 only after. 231 xx digits. 204 through God’s kiss. 233 desirable, land of Israel as. See dimensions, six spacial. xvi death, angel of. See angel of land of Israel: desirable dining room, arrangement of. death desire had by creatures. 239 3 death, valley of the shadow of. desire of God for Jewish dining table. See table, dining 166 people. 220 dipping bread in salt. 51 decay desire, Shabbat as object of. dipping fingers in havdallah in grave. 233 90 wine. 187 of dead of Beitar. See dead of desired day. See Shabbat: distaff. 20, 343 Beitar desired day

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright distinctions. See blessing on double loaves of bread. See eating and drinking. See also distinctions (havdallah); bread: double loaves of food; meals; menu; havdallah: distinctions; double manna. See manna: Shabbat food; Shabbat Jewish people: distinction double on Friday meals between nations and double miracle. 224 achievement via. 201 distress double payment always followed with a God as refuge at times of. for sandak. 294 blessing. 215 287 for Shabbat observance. 122 as topic of blessing after the Shabbat eliminates. 74 double, symbolism of. 122, meal. 201 distribution of food by God. 341 bread of laziness. 22 See God: supervises food dove of Noah. 139 celebration of God’s world. distribution directly dreams of Jewish people. 194 13 divine essence. 268 drinking. See also eating and channeling pleasure of. 61 divine inspiration. 381 drinking danger in. xx Divine Presence from cup of blessing. 241 digestion. 58. See also blessings maintain awareness minimum of a cheek-full. digestion process of. xx 40, 241 drive for consumption. 204 convert comes under wings sitting while. 40 encouraged by Abraham and of. 294 drinks, sweet. 129 Sarah. 77 dwells amid Jewish people. drinks, wine as most honored facilitates spiritual pleasure. xvii, 69, 104, 139, 216, of. 36 55 226, 330 driving car as analogy to first commandment to dwells in Holy Temple. 222, Shabbat observance. xix mankind. 55 263, 270, 330 drowning of Egyptians. 278, fruit of land of Israel. 320, dwells in the clouds. 122 283 321 dwells in world on Shabbat drying the hands. 45, 198. See God’s bread. 78 and holidays. 139 also washing the hands holiness. 43 Field of Holy Apples. 161 dwelling of God. See Divine ideal time for singing to happiness in. 262 Presence God. 61 Hebrew as language of. xi dwelling place of the soul. xvi in honor of Shabbat. 56 imperceptible without dwellings. See living places insufficient for happiness. circumcision. 393 dynasty2017 ofJonathan King David. G. 216, Bressel 201- All rights reserved personified by dove. 139  235. See also King David keeping perspective after. plea to see. 295 consolation incomplete 193 seen at Sinai. 280 without. 216 like presenting offering on Shabbat facilitates awareness altar in Holy Temple. 51. of. 74 E See also table, dining: to be visited three times per symbolizes altar in Holy year. 295 earth. See also heavens and Temple divine reward and punish- earth meal of the future. 57 ment. 238 adorned in Garden of Eden. measures. See measures divine supervision. See 33 not before kiddush. See supervision, divine mankind formed from. 269, kiddush: not eating and divorce of Jewish people by 271 drinking before God. 282 not simply for pleasure. 43 dogs, audacious. 163 of God’s bounty. See bounty, double good. 224 God’s

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright eating and drinking — Elijah the Prophet — ethical responsibilities. 102 continued continued Eve. See Adam and Eve offerings in Holy Temple. immortal. 299 evil 121, 292 Jewish people served by. 231 defeated by the righteous. on holidays. 38 messenger of peace. 299 252 praising God for. 215 plea for arrival of. See plea fall of the. 257 purpose of. 43 for arrival of Elijah the fear of. 166 satisfaction from. 130, 215 Prophet good and. 234 silences praise of God. xx plea for God to send. 230 Greece as. 251 sitting while. 40 sent by God. See God: sends Homon as. 255 thanking God for capability Elijah the Prophet Sodom as. 197 of. 213 swept to the sky. 299 source of. 229 when not hungry. 22 end of Shabbat. See Shabbat: exaltation of God. 288 Eden, garden of. See Garden end of example, God teaches of Eden enemies through. 107 education. See Jewish a table opposite. 166 excision. 136 education; teaching admit to Jewish God. 280 exertion of strength. 19, 142 efforts of host for guests. 228 crushing of. 146 exile of Jewish people. See also Egypt judge Jewish people. 280 captivity of Jewish people exodus from. See exodus judged. 280 as if a dream. 194 from Egypt of King David. 166 as yoke. 231 Jewish values maintained in. peace between. 237 comfort by Messiah. 297 26 powerless over Jewish difficulties of. 194 redemption from. 212 people. 287 divorce as metaphor for. 282 servitude in. 39, 212, 278, energizer of weekdays, God breaks subjugation in. 376 Shabbat as. 35 231 Egyptians. 278, 283 engraving of invitation in God dwells amid. 139 eighth day for circumcision. table. 162 God escorts each Jew from. 292 engraving of Shabbat on 194 elation tablets of Ten Command- in hostile environments. 225 defined. 273 ment. 140 Jewish people as farmer of bride and groom. 272 enjoyment.2017 JonathanSee pleasure G. Bresselsowing. - All 195rights reserved electric bulb enlightenment, Shabbat leads like sheep amid wolves. 225 for candle lighting. 4 to. 63 mentioned in psalm. 191 for havdallah flame. 177 Ephraim plea for revocation of. See Elijah the Prophet in blessing bestowed upon plea to revoke exile of as Messiah. 298 children. 25, 26 Jewish people as Pinchas. 298 monarchy of. 298 redemption of. See redemp- as righteous Kohen. 298 escape from worries and tion of Jewish people: at every circumcision troubles. 71 from exile ceremony. 298, 299, 394, escorting Shabbat on Shabbat observance 395 departure. 177, 187 eliminates. 220 conversation with God. 298 Esther, scroll of. 255 shadows as allegory for. 282 has angelic powers. 395 eternal happiness. 168 sorrow of. 193 has many agents. 395 eternal life. 234 survival through. 194 heralds arrival of Messiah. eternity. 105. See also forever; to Babylon. 388 298 world to come exile of Zion. 194

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright existence extinguishing havdallah flame fear aspects of. 184, 272 in wine. 187 eliminated by trust in God. higher level on Shabbat. 13 eye, apple of God’s. 145 178 intrinsic. 132, 138 eyelids, using havdallah wine of evil. 166 rising on Shabbat to holy to moisten. 187 of God. 23, 238, 287 level of. 106 eyes returning to land of Israel Shabbat as goal of. 138 covering during candle without. 231 Shabbat rest as innermost lighting. 6, 7 Fearsome One. 92 part of. 63 damaged by Sodomite salt. feast through word of God. 315 197 expression of happiness. 273 exodus from Egypt health of. 32 love and tranquility better act of creation and. 38 of God and man. 233 than. 236 by will of God. 38 of music. 273 completion of moral world. F feeding the poor. See also 39 charity demonstration of God’s Face, Miniature. See Minia- as offering at dining table. credentials. 39 ture Face 51 distinct quality of Jewish face, new. 266 for Shabbat. 126 people. 210 faith and belief. See belief and leaving bread on table as enables pursuit of spiritual- faith way of. 202 ity. 39 fallen dynasty of King David. mentioned by Prophet formation of Jewish people. 235 Isaiah. 102 39 family celebration. 120 Sodomite salt discourages. mentioned in kiddush. 38, family, plea for welfare of. See 197 39 plea for welfare of family washing hands after meal Shabbat and. 38, 39 family, Shabbat and. 94 encourages. 197 Shabbat, commemorated by. farmer as Jewish people in feeding the world, God’s. See 39 exile. 195 God: feeds the world splitting of Red Sea. See fasting in Purim story. 255 feelings, expression of. 194 splitting of Red Sea fasting on Shabbat feet washed by Kohen. 44 thanking God for. 212 exception under which fellowship travel in desert after. See 2017permitted. Jonathan 135 G. Bresselbetween - All rights bride and reserved groom. Sinai desert: travel of  prohibition. 99, 135, 136 272 Jewish people through Father. 78, 218, 225 defined. 273 expanded soul. See increased father female. See Jewish adult; soul blessing bestowed on. 232, man; mankind; men; expansion of land of Israel. 293 woman; women 211 circumcision blood of. 293 ferfel. 154 expression mercy on children. See fermentation process. 36, 37 of feelings. 194 mercy: on children fertilizer, blood of Roman of gratitude. 224 not reciting first plea in victims used as. 224 of name of God. See name circumcision meal. 292 festivals. See holidays of God: expression of reverence for. 232 Field of Holy Apples. 161 of the spiritual. xvi Father, Merciful. 167 fifth day. 57 singing as highest form of. fatted fowl. 70 figs, blessing after. 318 61 faucet for washing hands after filled fish. 58 the meal. 197, 198 final judgement, day of. 231

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright fingernails. 184 flesh food — continued fingers circumcision stamped in. See grain products as basic form dipping in havdallah wine. circumcision: stamped in of. 318 187 flesh happiness via appreciation washing after the meal. 197, male and female become of. 201 198 one. 269 holier effect when provided fingers, ten. 49 flood, flash. 195 by God. 219 fire. See candle lighting; flood of Noah insufficient for happiness. havdallah flame; lighting dove found resting spot. 139 201 flame fish not destroyed. 57 made satisfying by God. 239 first commandment to Jewish God’s promise never to measures. See measures people. 38 repeat. 143 miracle of. 52. See also first commandment to meat consumption permit- manna mankind. 55 ted after. 315 peace more important than. first holiday. See Shabbat: first food. See also eating and 233, 236 of all holidays drinking; meals; menu; perfection of. 215 fish. See also fish and meat Shabbat food; Shabbat plea for. See plea for food at each Shabbat meal. 57 meals plea to never lack. 208 blessed and created on fifth anyone alive has had enough praising God for. 315 day. 57 to live on. 209 prepared by God. 208 do not require slaughter. 58 appreciating. 52, 201 production of. 52 eyes always open. 57 blessing after. See blessing prohibition against first animal species created. after food damaging. 52 58 blessing before. See blessing provided by God. 79, 130, first course. 58 before food 201, 202, 206, 212, 218, hidden from view. 57 blessing on bread grants 225, 239, 381. See also Leviathan (giant fish). 57 rights to. 210 fish: provided by God; not destroyed in flood of bread as basic form of. 52 God: feeds the world; Noah. 57 categories of. 318 God: supervises food provided by God. 57, 129. celebrating God’s world distribution directly See also food: provided by through. 13 provided by Woman of God celebrating2017 Jonathan Shabbat with. G. BresselValor. - All 19 rights reserved story about. 56  120, 129 rights to. 210 triple blessing. 58 created by God. 326 satisfaction from. See fish and meat created for pleasure. 326 satisfaction: from eating delicacies. 70, 129, 136 digestion. 58, 353 saving best for Shabbat. 106 not eating together. 58 fleeting pleasure. 201 Shabbat imparts special fish, gefilte. 58 for each creature. 207 spice. 117 flags of Jewish people. 280 for every season. 212 sometimes lacked. 209 flame. See candle lighting; God blesses home with. 202 tastes good. 207 havdallah flame; lighting God supervises distribution thanking God for. See flame of. See God: supervises thanking God: for food flash flood. 195 food distribution directly varieties. 207 flax. 18 God teaches preparation of. works of art. 207 209 food chain. 215 God’s bread. 78 food, leftover. See leftover food

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright food, miraculous. See manna fruit Garden of Eden — continued footsteps of Jewish people blessing on. 311 eating meat disallowed in. through Red Sea. 278 grows monthly in future. 315 forces in heavens. 237 272 first commandment given forces in the world. 229 of land of Israel. See land of in. 55 forefathers. See Jewish Israel: fruit happiness in. 271 ancestors; matriarchs; ripened by God. 209 kindness of God in. 267 patriarchs thanking God for. 319, 324 resting of righteous in. 139 foreskin in circumcision. 296 fruit of one’s hands. 19, 23 resting spot for Noah’s dove. forever. 381. See also eternity fruit of one’s womb. 292 139 kindness of God as. 238 fruit of the vine, blessing on. wedding in. 263, 265, 271 praising God as. 214 See blessing on wine gates, city. 21, 23 forever and ever. 230, 381 fulfillment gefilte fish. 58 forget, God does not. 244 from Divine Presence in gem formalization of blessing after Holy Temple. 216 in God’s treasure house. xvi the meal. 201 from land of Israel. 210 Jerusalem restored with formation of Jewish people. of God’s will. 139 sapphire stone. 272 39 of potential. 293 metaphor in circumcision Former. 225 rest as form of. 107 song. 299 Former of Man. 269 full stomach gematria fortress of trust, God as. 240 promotes insensitivity. 197 defined. 330 fowl, fatted. 70 temptation to sin. 229 of blessing. 165, 338 fragrance. See smell fullness of hand of God. 218 of candle lighting. 341 France, burial tradition in. future happiness. See happi- of God’s name. 51 362 ness: in future of letter vav. 48 free, God feeds world for. 207 future messianic days. 236 of salt and bread. 51 free will. 268 future, sun and moon in. 272 gender, grammatical issue freedom future, trees bear fruit with. 364 called for by God. 145 monthly in. 272 generations praise God. 230, from daily routine. 39 future understanding. 194 231 from work. 145 future world. See world to generosity of God. xx of Jewish people returning 2017come Jonathan G. Bresselgenerous - All mood.rights 67 reserved to land of Israel. 231  Genesis. See creation of the Friday, double manna portion G universe on. See manna: double Germans. See Nazis portion on Friday Gabriel and Michael (angels). ghetto, singing and songs in. Friday night 271 158 after the meal. 94 gallows, Homon on the. 257 gift ambiance. 60 Gamliel, Rabban. 224 appreciation of food as a. auspicious time for blessing Garden of Eden 201 children. 25 as fragrant apple field. 161 charity. See charity menu. 57 bread growing on trees in. fire as a. 185 Friday night prayer. See 50 giving to God a. 92 prayer: Friday night canopies in. 272 Shabbat as a. 220 Friday night song (Lecha crown worn in. 147 Shabbat observance as a. 92 Dodi). 69 delight. 271 gifts earth adorned in. 33 bestowed by marriage. 265

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright gifts — continued God — continued God — continued from God. xx, 29, 103, 201 beloved. 130, 169 comfort from. 166 from mortals. 218 Beloved One. 167 commandments concerning. from sandak. 294 bestows charity on Jewish 106 thanking God for. 201 people. 233 commandments of. See girded with strength, God. blessed for. 286 commandments of God 287 blessed Shabbat. See communication with. 231 girding loins. 19, 142 Shabbat: blessed by God compassionate. 243 Gives Strength to the Weary. blessed the forefathers. 233 comprehension, beyond. 141 blessed the physical world. 161 giving charity. See charity 163 concern of. 243 glancing at cup of wine. See blesses dining table. 230 connection to. See connec- cup of wine: promotes blesses home. See blessing tion to God concentration bestowed on the home controls heavens. 121 Glorious One. 168 blesses Jewish people. See controls history. 38 glory of God Jewish people: blessed conversation with Elijah the bowing toward. 167 blesses one who blesses the Prophet. 298 through God’s mercy. 231 host. 228 correction rod of. 166 goal of existence, Shabbat as. blessing, declared as source covenant with Jewish 138 of all. 79, 81, 130, 204, people. See covenant with goal of universe, Shabbat as. 2 261, 262, 263 Jewish people, God’s God blessing from. 233, 241 created angels. 84 actions of. xix, 83, 85, 131, blessing, source of. xix, xx, created billions of people. 250, 256 24, 119, 163, 205, 206, 267 all-powerful. xx 214, 226, 230, 288, 325, created creatures. See Ancient of Days. 163 326 creatures angels and. See angels blessings as praise of. 215 created mankind. See anger at behavior of Jewish blessings, repaying with. mankind people. 143 302 created rest. 34 answers prayer. 136, 178, blows winds. 209 Creator. See Creator 202 bounty of. See bounty, God’s creator of all life. See life: anthropomorphism. See bowing2017 toward Jonathan glory of. G. 167 Bresselcreated - All byrights God reserved anthropomorphism of breaks subjugation of Jewish Creator of Man. 268 God people. 231 creator of the universe. xvii, appeasement of. 162, 220 breaks yoke from Jewish 13, 102 apple of eye of. 145 people. 230 credentials of. 39 applying actions and brings rain. 209 day of. 231 thoughts to. 295 built woman. 269 deceived Egyptians. 278 at wedding of Adam and calling to. See calling to God declared as grand and good. Eve. 267, 271, 386 chastising rod of. 166 289 attributes of. xix, 224 circumcision as offering to. declared as holy. 78 awe of. 287 292 descriptions of. 224 beautified through Jewish circumcision for sake of. desires heavens and earth. people. 230 281 33 Beautiful One. 168 city of. See Jerusalem; Zion desires land of Israel. 320 beauty of. 380 closeness to. See connection destroyed Holy Temple. 261 belief in. See belief and faith to God

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright God — continued God — continued God — continued developing gratitude to. See food holier when provided guards Jewish people. See gratitude to God by. 219 Jewish people: protected did not fully complete forgetting. 244 by God creation. 47 Former. 225 hand of. See hand of God differentiated mankind into Former of Man. 269 happiness in. 169 male and female. 268 forms clouds. 209 happiness of. See happiness: Divine Presence. See Divine fortress of trust. 240 of God Presence freedom, calls for. 145 has infinite supply. 219 does good. 208, 224, 225, future treatment of Jewish has no physical likeness. 268 226, 324 people. 194 hears our voice. 146 does not abandon people to gathers the exile. See heart trusted to. 295 chance. 166 redemption of Jewish help of. 219 drowned Egyptians. 278, people: from exile holiness of. See holiness: of 283 gave land of Israel. See land God dwelling of. See Divine of Israel: given by God Holy Ancient One. 161 Presence gave Shabbat. See Shabbat: Holy detached One. 161 dwells amid Jewish people. given by God Holy King. 161 See Divine Presence: gave Torah to Jewish people. Holy One. See Holy One dwells amid Jewish people See Torah: given by God honor of. See honor of God eating of bounty of. See gave woman greater power honoring. xxi, 103, 106, bounty, God’s of reasoning. 269 267, 289 enables doing good for gematria of name of. 51 house of. See house of God others. 225 generous. xx image of. See image of God escorts Jewish people from gift to. See Shabbat imitation of. xvi, 267 exile. 194 observance: gift to God indivisible. See unity: of eternal. xix gifts from. See gifts: from God evaluated land of Israel. 215 God insight of. 243 everything comes from. 206 girded with strength. 287 instructions of. 142. See also exaltation of. 288 gives. See God: provides commandments of God faith in. See belief and faith Glorious One. 168 intermediaries. See interme- Father. See Father 2017glory of. Jonathan See glory of G. God Bressel diaries- All rights reserved Father, Merciful. 167  goodness from. See good- invitation presented to. 162 fathomless. 85 ness: from God involvement in possessions. fear of. See fear: of God goodness of. 205, 224, 225, xx Fearsome One. 92 238, 262, 263, 289, 324 jealous. 146 feeds even rebels. 207 goods come from. 206 Jewish people as children of. feeds the world. 76, 78, grace from. 226 252 206, 212, 239, 375. See grace in the eyes of. 233 Jewish people dedicated to. also food: provided by graces Jewish people. 169, See Jewish people: God; God: supervises 212, 247 dedicated entirely to God food distribution directly grandeur of. 83, 86, 289 Jewish people make peace feeds world without gratitude to. See gratitude to with. 279 intermediaries. See God judges Jewish people. See intermediaries grows plants. 209 judgement: of Jewish Field of Holy Apples. 161 people by God keeps His word. 103

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright God — continued God — continued God — continued kindness of. See kindness of Master of salvations and prepares food. 208 God consolations. 221 prepares restoration of Holy King. See King meal prepared by. 163 Temple. 222 king appointed by. 236 memory faculty of. 244 presence of. See Divine King David as servant of. Merciful Father. 167 Presence 245 Merciful One. See Merciful prestige of. 81 King of all worlds. 120 One prevents lacking. 226 King of kings. See King of mercy of. See mercy of God prevents shame. See plea for kings Messiah as agent of. 236 avoiding shame kiss of. 233 Mighty. 287 prime mover. See prime knowledge of. 273 Moses as servant of. 288 mover leader. 165 name of. See name of God promises of. See promises of leads Jewish people to land needs nothing from God of Israel. 230 mankind. xix protection by. See protection life force of the world. 327 oath to Jewish people. 143 by God life of the worlds. 326 obligations to. 295 protects Jewish people. See living King. 327 omnipotence. xx Jewish people: protected looking good in eyes of. 233 omnipotence and omni- by God looking to. 247 science. 106 proud through Jewish love for Adam and Eve. 185 One Who sees all. 122 people. 230 love from. 168, 169, 220 open hand of. See open provided shade in desert. See love sickness for. 168 hand of God shade: in desert loving. 243 overwhelming. 79 provides. 218, 226 lowers the haughty. 85 participated in wedding of provides bread. 129 made proud through Jewish Adam and Eve. 271 provides clothing. 129 people. 230 partnership with. See provides eternal life. 234 made Shabbat holy. See partnership: with God provides fish. See fish: Shabbat: made holy by path of. 231 provided by God God peace between mankind provides food. See food: made wedding canopies for and. 105 provided by God Adam and Eve. 265 perfection.2017 Jonathan xix G. Bresselprovides - All happily. rights 219 reserved makes bride and groom physical world, blessed. 163 provides happiness. 262 happy. 271, 273 plea to. See plea provides health. xx makes food satisfying. 239 pleasing of. See pleasing God provides life and peace. 299 makes peace. 236, 299, 382 pleasure had by. 139 provides livelihood. 219 makes peace in heavens. 237 pleasure in. 103 provides longevity and mankind in image of. See power of. 85, 169, 178, peace. 299 image of God: mankind 247, 359 provides mercy. 216, 218 in Powerful One. See Powerful provides needs. xx, 208, mankind’s limited under- One 226, 230, 326 standing of. xix powers fermentation provides relief. 218 manufacturer. 34 process. 37 provides salvation. See married to Jewish people. praises of. See praising God salvation: through God 282, 339 prayer, target of. 244 provides Shabbat rest. 234 Master. See Master prefers Shabbat to Holy provides welcome. 220 Temple. 104 Purim story, in. 255

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright God — continued God — continued God — continued pursuit of. See pursuit of revelation of will of. 163 source of food. See food: God rewards with world to come. provided by God radiance of. 162, 168 234 source of life. See life Radiance of the world. 168 rides in heavens. 120 speaks to Jerusalem. 270 rebuilds Holy Temple. See ripens fruit. 209 spirit’s love sickness for. 168 restoration of Holy Ruler of the Universe. 185 stamp on creation by. 32, Temple rules armies of heaven and 348 rebuilds Jerusalem. See earth. 178 Strength. 225 restoration of Jerusalem salvation through. See strength of. 163 rebuilds land of Israel. See salvation: through God Strength of the Ages. 65 restoration of land of satisfaction comes from. 238 strengthens Jewish people. Israel Savior. See Savior 220, 240, 322 recounting of Jewish sends Elijah the Prophet. strengthens the weary. 141 people’s experiences in 231, 298 Strong One. 140 Sinai. 201 servant of. See servant of success through. 226 Redeemer. 225 God sun as allegory to. 161 redeems Jewish people. See service of. See service of God supervises food distribution redemption of Jewish Shabbat as day of joining directly. xx, 207. See also people with. 69 food: provided by God; refuge. 178, 287 Shabbat, blessed. See God: feeds the world rejoicing in. 169 Shabbat: blessed by God supervises world. 327 relationship with. See Shabbat dedicated to. See supervises world after connection to God Shabbat dedicated to God creation. xx, 35 relationship with Jewish Shabbat emanates from. 71 support by. See support by people. 147, 244. See also Shabbat observance creates God connection to God partnership with. 107 sustains everything. 209, remembers Messiah. 245 shares suffering of Jewish 327 renews Hebrew month. 234 people. 194 taking pleasure in. 103 rescue by. See rescue: by God Shepherd. See Shepherd teaches through example. responds to blessings. xx sign between Jewish people 107 rest as attribute of. 34 2017and. Jonathan133 G. Bresselthanking. - All rights See thanking reserved God rested on seventh day. xvi,  signature of. See God: stamp third meal prepared by. 163 107, 127 on creation by throne of. See throne of God restores kingdom of Israel. singing affects relationship time and space, beyond. 34 226 with. 61 timeless. xix restores land of Israel. See singing to. 61, 178, 278, tireless. 107 restoration of land of 283 together with Jerusalem like Israel sitting in house of. 166 bride and groom. 272 resurrects the dead. 226 Sodom evil in eyes of. 197 Torah expresses will of. 139 return to path of. 231 song about grandeur of. 83 treasure house of. xvi returns to Holy Temple. 86 songs and relationship with. true. 79 returns to Jerusalem. 223, 61 trust in. See trust in God 379 Soul of all Life. 66 unique. 280, 283 returns with Jewish people source of blessing. See God: unity of. See unity: of God to land of Israel. 194 blessing, source of Virtuous One. 169 revelation of. 169

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright God — continued goodness — continued grapes — continued visits Jewish people on in Hebrew month. 234 ceremonial wine must be Shabbat. 69 in holidays. 234 made from. 31, 100 watches over Jewish people. in new year. 235 crushing as metaphor. 36 194 name of God as. 194 pulp of. 176 ways of. 194 none lacked by those purpose. 315 welcomes Jewish people. pursuing God. 238 gratitude to God. See also 220 of God. See God: does good; appreciation; thanking will of. See will of God God: goodness of God will personally escort each of land of Israel. 79, 210, developing. 61, 147, 202 Jew from exile. 194 211, 214, 320 expressing. 224 wine of. 78 plea for. See plea for grave, decay in. 233 wisdom of. 278 goodness greatness with Jewish people. 166, pursuit by. 166 return of Jewish people to. 178 thanking God for. See 195 word of. See word of God thanking God: for via happiness and pleasure works while creatures sleep. goodness on Shabbat. 125 209 through marriage. 265 Greek attempt to Hellenize world of. See world of God Torah as. 238 Jewish people. 249, 251 wrote the Torah. 135 goods come from God. 206 Greek word (sandikos). 294 God of Hebrews. 288 grace greeting Shabbat God of Jacob. 178 defined. 374 via kiddush. 31 God of Yeshurun. 280 false. 23 via running. 69 God, personal. 194. See also free. 374 greeting, Shabbat Shalom. 13 connection to God from God. 226 groaning. See sighing gold versus silver for cup of God feeds world with. 206 groom. See bride and groom wine. 346 in eyes of God and man. growth of plants by God. 209 Golden Calf, worship of. 124 233, 381 guarding of Jewish people by good, absolute. 234 plea for. See plea for grace God. See Jewish people: good and bad guests. 228 shown to Jewish people. See protected by God good and evil. 234 God: graces Jewish people guarding Shabbat. See also good and evil angels. 13 thanking2017 GodJonathan for. 212 G. BresselShabbat - All rightsobservance reserved good deeds, blessing to grace after the meal. See commandment of. 146 achieve. 274, 293 blessing after the meal effort toward. 142 good, double. 224 grains, blessing on. 307 leads to a crown. 124 good living via havdallah. 187 Grand Kiddush. See Kiddush, leads to love of holiness. 123 good news. See heralding of Grand leads to protection by God. good news grandeur of God. See God: 133 goodness grandeur of parents and children. 140 all possible forms of. 233 grape juice as alternative to guests Elijah the Prophet remem- wine. 31, 100, 347 candle lighting by. 3 bered for. 230 grape vine, thanking God for. discouraged in Sodom. 197 from God. xix, 224, 226, 319 efforts of host for. 228 233 grapes. See also wine encouraged by Abraham and God enables doing. 225 best of crop for wine. 36 Sarah. 77 God feeds world through. blessing after. 318 good and bad types of. 228 206 blessing before. 311

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright guide to pronunciation and hands — continued happiness — continued transliteration. 329 should be clean for bless- of Jerusalem. 270 guide to using this book. x ings. 197 of Jewish people. 179, 195 symbolism. 26 of Shabbat. 176 H trusted never to steal. 295 of the nations. 195 under challah cover. 49 of Zion. 270 habitual behavior on Shabbat, ventures of the. 228 on holidays. 322, 323 avoiding. 102 washing. See washing the on Shabbat. 136, 153 hadas (myrtle) hands plea for. See plea for as spice for havdallah. 182 hanging of Homon. 257 happiness in desert hills. 146 Hannah. 9 prerequisite to knowledge of hair happenings, holy. 38 God. 273 built by God. 269 happiness principle form of. 271 hand of God and celebration. 273 radiated by Shabbat. 4 created heavens and earth. and pursuit of God. 238 reflected above. 262 131 as norm in Jewish life. 261 renewal of. 297 feeds people. 239 avoiding getting carried replacement for groaning full and open. 378 away. 270 and suffering. 272 full, open, holy, and wide. blessing on ten types of. 272 represented by wine. 101 218 celebration as form of. 294 rescue from sin as greatest heaping. 378 comes from God. 262 form of. 229 open. 238 continual renewal of. 273 Shabbat as day of. 136 hand washing. See washing created by those who are sound of. 273 the hands happy. 388 spiritual form of. 273 hand washing cup curtailment since destruc- ten types of. 272 after the meal. 197, 198 tion of Holy Temple. 261 via appreciation of food. before the meal. 44 eating and drinking 201 hands. See also left hand side; insufficient for. 201 via candle lighting. 3 left-handed people; right expressed through song. 273 via marriage. 265 hand side forms of. 273 via meals. 224 applied in prayer. 295 in circumcision mitzvah. via restoration of Jerusalem. drying. See drying the hands 2017294 Jonathan G. Bressel See- All restoration rights reserved of extending to the poor. 20  in future. 270, 272 Jerusalem: happiness get dirty during meal. 197 in Garden of Eden. 271 through God’s. See hand of God in God. 169 via Shabbat. 63 holding object of blessings. in God’s dwelling place. 262 via wine. 36, 176, 318 182 in Holy Temple. 263 happiness and light. 89 mourner. 52 in this world. 101 happiness, eternal. 168 preference of right over left. incomplete without Holy harvest, sheaves of. 195 31, 44, 182, 307, 309, Temple. 193 Hashmoneans in Chanukah 311, 313, 315 leads to greatness. 125 story. 249, 251 purifying purpose of. 43 leads to song. 61 hatred resting cup of wine on palm mitzvah of. 61 absent in heavens. 237 of. 31 music as expression of. 273 ruins feast. 236 resting on bread during of bride and groom. See haughty, the. 85 blessing. 49 bride and groom sanctification of. 43 of God. 65, 161, 262, 263

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright havdallah healing sun. 272 heavens and earth — adjustments for left-handed healing waters of life from continued people. 177 Jerusalem. 272 equally important in God’s distinctions. 184 health plan. 131 escort for royal Shabbat. See blessing for. 27 God declared source of all escorting Shabbat on eating fish first. 58 blessing in. 230 departure land of Israel provides. 211 God rules armies of. 178 good living via. 187 not eating fish and meat God’s desire for. 33 heralds coming week. 176 together. 58 Hebrew language highly valued. 187 thanking God for. xx advantages of. xi marks end of Shabbat. 175 healthy vision. 32 gematria. See gematria one of Ten Command- heart, melting. 146 intrinsic language of the ments. 175 heart, the universe. xi partner with kiddush. 175 applied in prayer. 295 pronunciation. 329 performing for another awakened through singing. used in Jewish ceremonies. person. 175 61 xi preamble. 178 cleansing of. 136 Hebrew month. 234, 236, separation. 175, 176 gladdened by wine. 318 246, 322 sitting. 177 stirrings of. 86 Hebrews, God of. 288 story about. 174 tefillin as seal on. 282 help from God. 219 havdallah flame trusted to God. 295 heralding of good news. 231, alternatives. 177 heating water on Shabbat. 44 297 blessing on. See blessing on heaven, highest. 354 heritage havdallah flame heaven, seven layers of. 263, attained via pleasure on candle. 177 362 Shabbat. 71 case when none available. heavens. See also skies holidays given as. 234 184 adorned at creation. 33 in the mountain and in the extinguishing in wine. 187 controlled by God. 121 valley. 122 looking at fingernails in declare God’s honor. 131 land as. 71, 79, 103 light of. 184 forces in. 237 land of Israel as. 210, 320 multiple colors of. 177 God makes peace in. 237 of Jacob. 71, 103 sole purpose is for havdal- God2017 mighty Jonathan in. 287 G. BresselShabbat - All as. rights 38, 234 reserved lah. 187 God rides in. 120 Torah as. 288 havdallah spices. 182 hosts in. 15 highlands. 103 alternatives. 182 manna from. See manna history blessing on. 182 no jealousy, hatred, or commemoration of events raising. 177 competition. 237 in. 243 smelling. 182 physical environment of. controlled by God. 38 soul soothed by. 182, 371 382 holiday clothing. 38. See also havdallah wine upper array in. 64 Shabbat clothing blessing on. 180, 371 heavens and earth holiday of Succot. See Succot dipping fingers in. 187 adorned at creation. 33 holidays. See also specific names extinguishing flame in. 187 completed on seventh day. of holidays free flowing. 176 33 ascent to Holy Temple on. having children, women’s plea created by God’s hand. 131 295 for. 9 creation of. 107 distinct from weekdays. 236 head, anointment of. 166 Divine presence on. 139

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright holidays — continued holiness of Shabbat. See also Holy Temple — continued eating and drinking. 38 Shabbat: holy; Shabbat: destruction of. See destruc- good. 234 made holy by God; tion of Holy Temple happiness on. See happiness: Shabbat: making holy dining room arrangement on holidays equal to that of Holy according to. 3 heritage. 234 Temple. 220 dining table symbolizes altar in blessing after the meal. influences entire week. 139 in. See table, dining: 222, 234, 236 introduced via kiddush. 29 symbolizes altar in Holy prayer. 38 root of all holiness. 349 Temple Shabbat as first of. 38, 128 winding down from. 187 Divine presence in. See Shabbat first in Torah list of. Holy Ancient One. 161 Divine Presence: dwells in 38 holy and ordinary Holy Temple singing A Song of Ascents distinction between. 186 first. 193, 255 on. 193 on Shabbat. 13 God dwells in. See Divine special clothing. 38. See also holy callings. 38 Presence: dwells in Holy Shabbat clothing holy city. See Jerusalem; Zion Temple symbolize future messianic Holy detached One. 161 God’s future return to. 86 days. 236 holy, God declared as. 78 grand and holy house. 216 holiness. See also holiness of holy happenings. 38 happiness in. 263 Shabbat; sanctification holy, Jewish people as. See holiness in space. 24 achieving. 29, 40, 238 Jewish people: holy Holy of Holies. 86 blessing in state of. 321 Holy King. 161 housed in Jerusalem. 216, city of. See Jerusalem; Zion Holy of Holies. 86 222, 295, 330 first mention in Torah. 35 Holy One. 134, 146, 225 housed in land of Israel. 211 in eating and drinking. 43 Holy Temple housed in Zion. 80 in food provided by God. altar in. See altar in Holy importance of. 362 219 Temple in Chanukah story. 249, in space. 24 ascent to. 81 252 in time. 24 bears God’s name. 216 Kohen’s service in. See love of. 123 brings prosperity and Kohen of consumption of offerings. blessing. 216 levy in. See Levy: singer in 121 2017building Jonathan of. See construction G. Bressel Holy- All Templerights reserved of God. 142, 252, 288  of Holy Temple; restora- libations in. 180 of hand of God. 218 tion of Holy Temple meaning of word Zion. 216 of Jewish people. See Jewish called ma’on. 263 mentioned in song. 357 people: holiness candle lighting in. 4, 341 mourning over. 270 of pleasure on Shabbat. 121 circumcision and. 295 offerings in. See offerings of Shabbat meals. 187 construction of. See orchestra in. 61 scarce in comparison to the construction of Holy plea for mercy on. See plea ordinary. 186 Temple for mercy on Holy Shabbat as foundation of. continues to exist. 216 Temple 35 dedication. 361 pleasure on Shabbat as holy through abstention. 238 defiled by Syrian-Greeks. as eating offerings in. 121 through God’s command- 249 prayer for maintenance of. ments. xx defined. 330 216 desolation of. 147 rebuilding of. See restoration of Holy Temple

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright Holy Temple — continued home — continued hospitality — continued reconstruction of. See Woman of Valor supervises. hallmark of Abraham and restoration of Holy 22 Sarah. 77 Temple yearning for. 125 host rejoicing in. 86 Homon in Purim story. 255, blessing bestowed on. See restoration of. See restora- 256 blessing bestowed on host tion of Holy Temple honest judgments. 223 efforts on behalf of guests. salt on all offerings in. 51 honey, land of milk and. 211 228 second. 224, 249 honey, Torah better than. 168 God blesses one who blesses Shabbat as holy as. 220 honeycomb, God’s love better the. 228 Shabbat observance as than. 168 leading communal invita- offering in. 121 honeymoon. 265 tion. 203 Shabbat supersedes. 104 honor hosts in heaven. 15 show bread. 135 blessing for. 233 hot water on Shabbat. 44 singer in. See Levy: singer in plea for God to feed with. hours, seasonal. See seasonal Holy Temple 218 hours singing and songs in. 61, 81, honor of God. See also God: house. See home 280 honoring house of David. 216. See also singing and songs on steps declared by heavens. 131 King David of. 193, 194 dwelling place of. 216, 320 house of God. See also Holy succah as. 235 highest point of. 267 Temple; synagogue symbolized by succah. 235 illuminates the land. 169 sitting in. 166 table in. 135 in song. 86 synagogue as. 38 thanking God for. 216 mankind’s perception of. house of nobility. 280 three times yearly ascent to. 267 house, Succot as detachment 295 procession of. 299 from. 235 tithing in times of. 43, 48 world created for. 267 housewarming party. 69 Holy Torah. 288 honor of Jewish people. 179, how to use this book. x home 280 human body. See body blessed by God. See blessing honored day. See Shabbat: humanity. See mankind bestowed on the home honored day hunger. See also feeding the candle lighting instills peace honoring2017 blessings Jonathan with G.wine. Bresselpoor - All rights reserved in. 2, 3  36 through materialism. 238 host. See host honoring God. See God: husband. See also spouse master of the. 228 honoring known in city gates. 21 peace in the. See peace in the honoring name of God. 106 participation in candle home honoring Shabbat lighting. See candle protected from snow. 20 preferable to a thousand lighting: participation by revolves around woman. See fasts. 135 men woman: home revolves through candle lighting. 3 praises Woman of Valor. 22 around through eating and trusts in Woman of Valor. Shabbat enters into. 125 drinking. 56 18 story about atmosphere in. with cup of wine. 203 husband and wife. See bride 138 hospitality. See also feeding the and groom Woman of Valor provides poor food in. 19 discouraged in Sodom. 197

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright I instructions of God. 142. See J also commandments of Ibn Giat, Yitzchok Bar God Jacob. See also patriarchs Yehuda. 89 intent, directing one’s. 26 and marriage. 265 illumination. See light intermediaries. See also desired land of Israel. 211 image of God. See also name connection to God God of. 178 of God God accessible without. xix God’s blessing upon. 233 mankind in. 268, 387 God feeds world without. heritage of. 71, 103 non-physical. 387 218 holiness. 225 varied. 387 none in prayer. xix Holy One of. 225 imitation of God. See God: not necessary. 215 in blessing bestowed on imitation of interruption of blessings. See children. 25 immortality blessings: interruption of Jewish inheritance repre- of Elijah the Prophet. 299 interruptions. See also sented by. 71 reproduction as. 269 blessings: interruption of redemption of captivity of incandescent bulb for between handwashing and tents of. 223 havdallah flame. 177 blessing after the meal. Torah’s blessing upon. 122 inclination to sin, blessing 198 jealous God. 146 against. 233 between handwashing and jealousy income. See also money; blessing on bread. 45, 351 absent in heavens. 237 possessions, material; invitation. 102, 162 danger of. 229 wealth invitation, communal. See Jerusalem. See also Zion, city not diminished by Shabbat communal invitation of observance. 39 Isaac always God’s city. 216 increased soul blessing bestowed on. 233. as barren woman. 270 accommodates Shabbat See also patriarchs as meaning of word Zion. pleasure. 182 circumcised. 291 216 defined. 330 desired land of Israel. 211 candle lighting time in. 3 facilitates receipt of blessing. married to Rebecca. 265 city of beauty. 86 25 Isaiah the Prophet city of God. 216, 320 for a troubled spirit. 90 a promise of God through. festival ascent to. 279 Shabbat blessed with. 107 2017143 Jonathan G. BresselGod - All remembers. rights reserved 245 symbolized by crown. 124  admonishes Jewish people. God returns to. 379 inheritance of Jewish people. 102 God speaks to. 270 71 commands Shabbat God’s return to. 223 insects, covenant of Jewish pleasure. 362 happiness of. 270 people with. 272 describes happiness of healing waters of life from. insensitivity. 197 Jerusalem. 270 272 insight and inspiration, Jewish people as light to the holy city. 221, 222, 245, spiritual. 27 nations. 231 321 insight as aspect of God in islands, exaltation of God in. houses Holy Temple. See mankind. 268 288 Holy Temple: housed in inspiration, divine. See divine Israel Jerusalem inspiration land of. See land of Israel Jewish people as children of. inspiration promoted by wine. nation of. See Jewish people 270 36 mourning over. 270 not to be forgotten. 270

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright Jerusalem — continued Jewish dietary laws (kosher). Jewish people — continued plea for mercy on. 216, 320 30, 48, 58, 330 and the nations. See nations, plea for restoration of. See Jewish education the restoration of Jerusalem: candle as metaphor for. 4 anger of God at. 143 plea for creation of Jewish Woman appeasing to God. 220 plea for return to. See plea of Valor. 18 apple of God’s eye. 145 for return to Jerusalem plea for success in. 293 arming of. 220 plea regarding. 321 teaching Torah. 293 ate manna in Sinai desert. remembered at every Jewish holidays. See holidays See manna: received in happiness. 270, 388 Jewish law Sinai desert restoration. See restoration as source of songs. 61 attempt of Persians to of Jerusalem need for detail of. xviii destroy. 255 sanctified through King testimony according to. 31 attempt of Syrian-Greeks to David. 216 Jewish men. See men Hellenize. See Greek singing and songs in. 86 Jewish mysticism attempt to Hellenize together with God like bride abundance depends on Jewish people and groom. 272 Shabbat. 153 beautified through. 230 weddings in outskirts of. as source of songs. 61 being part of. 237 273 candle lighting. 5 beloved ones. 283 yearns to live. 245 song based on. 161 better than angels at praising jewel. See gem spiritual shells. 163 God. 61 Jewish adult. 330, 396 Zohar defined. 161 bless others. 24 Jewish ancestors. 204. See also Jewish mysticism, laws blessed. 261, 287 matriarchs; patriarchs derived from blessed beyond all other descendents saved in merit bottom challah on Friday nations. 130 of. 283 night. See challah: bottom blessed by God. 233 God remembers. 245 loaf on Friday night blessed by God forever. 178 land of Israel given to. 210, dipping bread in salt three blessed by God with peace. 320 times. 51 See peace: God blesses Messiah as great as finest of. drinking from cup of Jewish people with 297 blessing. 241 blessed by Kohen. See miracles for. 250, 256 glancing2017 atJonathan candles before G. BresselKohen: - All blesserrights of reserved Jewish Jewish ceremonies, wine used  kiddush. 32 people at. 36 raising loaves for blessing on blessed for God. 286 Jewish community. See also bread. 50 blessing after the meal Jewish people Jewish people. See also Jewish enhanced by. 201 as location for honeymoon. community broken nation. 90 265 accepted the Torah. See captivity of. See captivity of caring for the poor. 240 Torah: Jewish people’s Jewish people communal invitation. 204 acceptance of celebration by. 179 integration with. 265 admonishment by prophet charity upon. 233 of King David. 240 Isaiah. 102 children of God. 252 ultimate form of. 204 affairs of. 289 children of Jerusalem. 270 Jewish compassion. 197 ancestors. See Jewish children of Yeshurun. 261 Jewish court of law, testimony ancestors; matriarchs; chosen people. See chosen in. 31 patriarchs people Jewish day. 3

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright Jewish people — continued Jewish people — continued Jewish people — continued circumcise their children. future treatment by God. judged by God. See 297 194 judgement: of Jewish circumcision as distinct future understanding had people by God quality of. 210 by. 194 land of Israel as distinct circumcision mitzvah God bestows charity upon. quality of. 210 received happily by. 294 233 land of Israel given to. See comforted by Messiah. 297 God breaks subjugation of. land of Israel: given to compassion of. 197 231 Jewish people conquerors of. 231 God breaks yoke from neck land of Israel most fitting consolation of. 216 of. 230 for. 215 continue to exist as a nation. God dwells amid. See Divine led by God into land of 216 Presence: dwells amid Israel. 230 covenant with creatures. 272 Jewish people led by Joshua into land of cry of. 145 God made proud through. Israel. 210 dead of Beitar saved from 230 light for. See light: for the rot. 224 God makes peace upon. See Jews deceived into Egyptian peace: God blesses Jewish light unto the nations. 231 slavery. 278 people with loved by God. 220 dedicated entirely to God. God provided shade in make peace with God. 279 287, 289 desert for. See shade: in married to God. 282, 339 desired by God. 220 desert married to Shabbat. 69 diaspora. See exile of Jewish God provides needs of. 230 mercy of God on. 216, 231, people God remembers. 245 247, 320 dispersed throughout God watches over. 194 misery of. See destruction of nations. 297 God with. See God: with Holy Temple: misery for distinct. 210 Jewish people Jewish people distinction between nations God’s covenant with. See mourn on Tisha b’Av. 270 and. 186 covenant with Jewish move into succah. 235 dreams of. 194 people, God’s name of. 145 educate the world. 231 God’s oath to. 143 name of God upon. 281 enemies powerless against. 2017graced byJonathan God. See God:G. Bresselnation - All of rights God. 216,reserved 320 287  graces Jewish people need peace. 237 escorted by God from exile. had light, happiness, oath of God to. 143 194 celebration, and honor. outstanding. 145 exile of. See exile of Jewish 179 overworked cow. 231 people happiness of. See happiness: partnered with Shabbat. 12 expression of feelings. 194 of Jewish people partnership among. xxi fasting in Purim story. 255 high character. 279 peace among. 240 fate of. 243 holiness. xx, 38, 147, 225, peace upon. See peace: God feared by others. 281 238 blesses Jewish people with first commandment given honor had by. 179, 280 perfect faith. 279 to. 38 in song. 363 perfect one. 279 formation of. 39 incomplete without perfection. 231 fulfill God’s command- kingdom of David. 216 plea for God to be con- ments. 195, 282 inheritance of. 71 cerned with. 243 plea regarding. 220, 322

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright Jewish people — continued Jewish people — continued Jewish people — continued plea to raise flags of. 280 Shabbat as gift to. xvi visited by God on Shabbat. pleasing name of. 145 Shabbat as holiness of. 147 69 pleasing to God. 220, 322 Shabbat as sign between wandering nation. 143 population size of. 211 God and. 133 wear tefillin. 281 preparation to enter land of Shabbat observance welcomed by God. 220 Israel. See land of Israel: eliminates exile of. 220 worshiped Golden Calf. 124 preparation of Jewish Shabbat observance grants Yeshurun. 280 people to enter land of Israel to. 220 yoke on neck of. 231 promise not to forget shaped by will of God. 289 Jewish scholars. See Torah Jerusalem. 270 sheep. See sheep scholars protected by God. 83, 143, sign between God and. 133 Jewish society. See Jewish 145, 194, 251 splitting of Red Sea for. See community; Jewish received Shabbat from God. splitting of Red Sea people xvi straight. 280 Jewish values maintained in redemption of. See redemp- strengthened by God. See Egypt. 26 tion of Jewish people God: strengthens Jewish Jewish woman. See Jewish referred to as Who is the people adult; woman; women one. 282 strengthened through Jewry. See Jewish people rejuvenation in land of Shabbat observance. 220 Jews. See Jewish people Israel. 193 subjugation. 231 Jews, three. 204 relationship with God. See suffering. 194 Jezabel. 298 God: relationship with survival. 243 Joseph. 26 Jewish people symbolized by choice vine. Joshua repentance in Purim story. 145 formalized blessing after the 255 symbolized by dove. 139 meal. 210, 211, 377 response to the nations. 195 symbolized by farmer led Jewish people into land rest on Shabbat. 139 sowing. 195 of Israel. 210 resting in strength. 220 symbolized by kernels of joy. See happiness return to greatness. 195 grain. 280 joy, rivers of. 263 return to land of Israel. See symbolized by overworked Judaism, Ruth’s conversion to. return of Jewish people to cow.2017 231 Jonathan G. BresselSee - Ruth All rights reserved land of Israel symbolized by rose. 73 Judeah, cities of. 273 rewarded with life and symbolized by sheep. See Judeah, kingdom of. 145 peace. 299 sheep judgement rising to land of Israel. See symbolized by straw. 240 city of Zion filled with. 81 land of Israel: Jewish symbolized by vineyard. 145 day of. 231 people rising to Torah and. See Torah Jerusalem rebuilt through. saddened one, the. 92 travel through Red Sea. See 223, 379 salvation of. See salvation; splitting of Red Sea of enemies of Jewish people. salvation of Jewish people travel through Sinai desert. 280 scattered and separated See Sinai desert: travel of of Jewish people by enemies. among nations. 297 Jewish people through 280 servants of God. 376 undefeatable. 240 of Jewish people by God. serve on Shabbat. 24 unhappiness in exile. 193 233, 251 served by Elijah the Prophet. unity. 204, 233, 240 231

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright judgement, attribute of kiddush — continued kindness — continued in force during weekdays. heralds arrival of Shabbat. pursuit by. 166 162 31, 175, 176 pursuit of. 22 neutralized on Shabbat. introduces holiness of represented by right hand 162, 163 Shabbat. 29 side. 44 symbolized by left hand last moment for. 99 represented by silver. 346 side. 44 listening attentively to. 29 teachings of. 22 symbolized by salt. 51 mentioned in song. 128 upon bride and groom. 267 judgements, honest. 223 not eating and drinking kindness of God justice, social. 102 before. 29, 99 boundless. 206 partner with havdallah. 175 earth full of. 131 K performing early. 345 for King David. 236 sitting for blessing of. 36 for Messiah. 236 Kabbalah. See Jewish sitting while drinking wine forever. 238 mysticism of. 40 in differentiating mankind Karite philosophy. 115 standing versus sitting for. into male and female. 268 kashrut. See Jewish dietary 31, 100 in Garden of Eden. 267 laws testimony to creation of the overwhelming. 79 kazayit. See measures: kazayit universe. 31, 32 plea for. 226 (solid measure) text of. 33, 102 pondering. xx keeping Shabbat. See Shabbat third meal, none at. 153 thanking for. 212 observance timing of. 99 through expression of His kernels of grain symbolize when cup of wine unavail- will. 139 Jewish people. 280 able. 347 through mercy. 80 kiddush. 29, 99 wine. See cup of wine; wine world fed through. 206 adjustments for left-handed kiddush cup King people. 31 story about. 98 active. xx alcohol in. 28, 36, 40 kiddush, daytime. See answers us. 178 anchored by cup of wine. Kiddush, Grand in blessing after the meal. 101 Kiddush, Grand. See also 247 as a toast. 36 kiddush invitation to. 102, 162 blessing on. See blessing on 2017defined Jonathan and explained. G. 99Bresselmeal - All of happinessrights reserved of the. kiddush  mentioned in song. 67 161 by whom. 345 minimum requirements. metaphor for God. 244 challah covered during. 30, 102 our. 225 48 kiddush, nighttime. 29. See king coupling with pleasure of also kiddush appointed by God. 236 meal. 40 commanded in Torah. 99 crowning as. 166 cup of wine. See cup of wine kindling flame. See lighting Messiah as. 236 defined. 29, 99 flame Shabbat as. 236. See also exodus from Egypt men- kindling wicks. 4 Shabbat: royalty tioned in. 39 kindness King Achashverosh in Purim fourth of the Ten Com- from God. 226 story. 255 mandments. 32, 175 God enables performance King David fulfilling for another. 29 of. 225 ancestor of Messiah. 245 glancing at candles before. plea for. See plea for and circumcision. 294 32 kindness anointed one. 216, 236

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright King David — continued kiss of God. 233 lacking — continued author of book of Psalms. knee as meaning of blessings. food. 208 193, 240 339 God prevents. 226 before and after becoming knife. 48 of mitzvah. 238 king. 236 knowledge of God. 273 land construction of Holy knowledge of Torah as as heritage. See heritage: Temple. 235 wisdom. 147 land as directed people to service of Kochba, Bar. 224 creation of. 64 God. 235 Kohanim. See Kohen found by dove after flood of dynasty. See dynasty of King Kohen Noah. 139 David Aharon as first. 298 land of Israel enemies of. 166 asking permission from. 288 as heritage. See heritage: fallen succah of. 235 ate show bread on Shabbat. land of Israel as formalized blessing after the 135 assets. 211 meal. 216, 377 baked show bread in Holy beautiful vistas. 211 God does kindness for. 236 Temple. 135 blessing on marriage in. 265 house of. 216 blesser of Jewish people. 24, blessing, source of. 210, 211 Jerusalem sanctified 25, 27, 261 blessings said while living in. through. 216 defined. 330 215 Jewish community of. 240 Elijah the Prophet as. 298 charity for settlement of. kingdom split after. 298 Hasmoneans as. 251 341 Messiah as offspring of. 80 Pinchas as. 298 climate. 211, 231 offspring. 236 recipient of tithes. 48, 49 compared to deer. 376 Ruth as great grandmother rewarded with life and conduit. 210 of. 294 peace. 299 desirable, good, and servant of God. 245, 383 service in Holy Temple. 24, spacious. 210, 211, 320 song by. 165 299, 330 desired by God. 320 King, Holy. 161 walked leisurely in Holy desired by kings. 211 King, living. 327 Temple. 73 desired by patriarchs. 211 King of all worlds. 120 washed for altar service. 44 distinct quality of Jewish King of kings. 15, 83 washed hands before eating people. 210 King Solomon tithe.2017 43 Jonathan G. Bresseleating - fruitAll rights of. 320, reserved 321 cancelled fast of Yom Yochonon. 251 evaluated by God. 215 Kippur. 361 Kohen, righteous. 298 exile from. See exile of formalized blessing after the kosher. See Jewish dietary laws Jewish people meal. 216, 377 kosher slaughter. 58 expands consciousness. 211 kingdom split after. 298 kugel. 330 expands spirituality. 211 kingdom of Israel Kuzari, the. 139 expands with population restoration of. 226, 282 size. 211, 376 shades nation. 235 L fitting for Jewish people. split. 298 215 succah symbolizes. 235 labor pangs of days of fruit. 211, 215, 318, 320, kingdom of Judeah. 145 Messiah. 74 321 kings desire land of Israel. 211 lacking. See also needs given by God. 210, 214 kingship absent for those who fear given to Jewish people. 213 nobility of. 92 God. 238 good. 211, 214 table of. 166 absent on Shabbat. 130 good air. 211

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright land of Israel — continued land of Israel — continued left-handed people, adjust- good and desirable. 79 sweet and healthy fruits. 211 ments for — continued good for people. 211 symbolized by vineyard. 145 kiddush. 31 good health. 211 thanking God for. See washing the hands. 44 good in the long run. 211 thanking God: for land of leftover food. 77, 202 goodness of. See goodness: Israel leftover manna. 128 of land of Israel time of nightfall in. 175 legs, returning to land of highlands as. 103 wide plains. 211 Israel on one’s. 231 houses Holy Temple. 211 land of milk and honey. 211. length measure. See measures indigenous items. 318 See also land of Israel length of days. 166 Jewish people led by God language, Hebrew. See Let there be light. 185 into. 230 Hebrew language letter vav, the. 48 Jewish people travelling to. laughter letters of alphabet. 17. See also 235 filling mouth with. 194 gematria Joshua led Jewish people of Woman of Valor. 21 levels of creation. 215 into. 210 law, Jewish. See Jewish law levels of existence. 71, 162 land of milk and honey. 211 laws. See commandments levels, spiritual. See spiritual living in. 321 laws derived from Jewish levels magnificent. 211 mysticism. See Jewish Leviathan. 57 merited through circumci- mysticism, laws derived Leviim. See Levy sion and Torah. 213 from Levy peace in. 216 laws, Jewish dietary. See asking permission from. 288 physical assets. 211 Jewish dietary laws defined. 330 plea for return to. See plea laws of nature. 35 singer in Holy Temple. 61, for return to land of Israel laziness, bread of. 22 193, 263, 388 pleasant. 211 leader liberation of concentration praise of. 318 blessings better via. xxi camp. 82 preparation of Jewish people communal invitation. 201 life to enter. 201, 235 finishes blessing with raised accomplishments. 23 produce of. 318 voice. 226 covenant of. 298, 299 rejuvenation of Jewish God as. 165 created by God. 84, 326 people in. 193 leadership,2017 Jonathan community. G. 26 Bresselfirst - Allmitzvah rights of. reserved274 restoration of. See restora- Leah. See also matriarchs from God. 226 tion of land of Israel and marriage. 265 last day of. 21 return to. See return of in blessing bestowed on maintained by salt. 51 Jewish people to land of children. 26 maintained by water. 327 Israel Lecha Dodi (Friday night most important blessing of. rights to. 210 song). 69 233 rising to. See land of Israel: left hand side plea for. See plea for life Jewish people rising to preference of right hand side provided by God. 226, 299 satisfaction from. 320, 321 over. See hands: preference reward for Kohen’s Holy Shabbat observance brings of right over left Temple service. 299 Jewish people into. 220 symbolizes judgement. 44 thanking God for. 212 sounds of weddings in cities left-handed people, adjust- life, eternal. 234 of. 272 ments for. 307, 309, 311, life force of the world. 327 spacious. 210, 211, 320 313, 315. See also hands life, healing waters of. 272 spiritual assets. 211 havdallah. 177 life of the worlds. 326

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright light loaves, double. See bread: man. See also Jewish adult; distinguishes between double loaves of mankind; men; woman; things. 184, 341 loins, girding. See girding women extra for melaveh malka. loins complete only through 187 lokshen. 330 woman. 268 for meal. 3 longevity creation of. 265 for the Jews. 63, 179 blessing for. See blessing for number of limbs of. 341 makes peace. 340 longevity originates from woman. 269 miracle of. 7 provided by God to Pinchas. woman as mate of. 268 of havdallah flame. 184 299 woman created from. 268 physical and spiritual forms looking good in eyes of God mankind. See also man; men; of. 184 and man. 233 woman; women primordial. 63 loss, source of. 229 billions of people created. via candle lighting. 3 lost wealth. 238 267 light and darkness. 186 love blessing on creation of. 265 light and happiness. 89 between bride and groom. created by God. 84, 267, light, Let there be. 185 269, 271, 272, 273 387 light unto the nations. 231 defined. 273 created on sixth day. 58 lighting candles. See candle for holiness. 123 creation of. 65, 268, 269 lighting forms of. 273 division into male and lighting flame, prohibition of. from God. See God: love female. 268 3, 6 from face engraved on God's lighting wicks. 4 resting in. See resting in love throne. 387 limbs love and tranquility. 236 first commandment given future consciousness of. 194 love sickness for God. 168 to. 55 illuminated by candle love song to Shabbat. 17 formed from the earth. 269, lighting. 341 lower world. See also physical 271 number of. 341 world; this world grace in the eyes of. 233 linen. 21 reflection with upper world. in the image of God. See lions, poor. 238 12 image of God: mankind lions, sheep delivered from. luxuries. 326 in 86 2017 Jonathan G. Bressellimited - All in understandingrights reserved lions, young. 238 M God. xix lips and mouth in song. 289 mind of. 268 liquid volume measure. See maids mission to manage the measures receive food from Woman of world. xvii livelihood. 154, 219 Valor. 19 original language of. xi living in land of Israel. 321 working on Shabbat. 106, original state of. 33, 268, living King. 327 125 269 living places Maimonides’s description of peace and. See peace plea for spaciousness. 218 Avraham Ibn Ezra. 133 perception of God’s honor. Shabbat bestows blessing making Shabbat. 104 267 upon. 125 making Shabbat holy. See perfection of. 268 Torah in. 72 Shabbat: making holy permission to eat meat. 315 living things. 238 male. See Jewish adult; man; pinnacle of creation. 267 loans from mortals. 218 mankind; men; woman; relinquishing control over loaves. See bread; challah women the world. 13

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright mankind — continued marriage — continued meal of complete belief. 161 reproductive behavior like creation of the universe. meal of happiness of God. unique. 269 265 161 shadow of God. 268 matchmaking. 72 meal of the future. 57 manna matriarchs and. 265 meal prepared by God. 163 as bread. 47 Moses codified celebration meal, third. See third meal commemoration of. 47 of. 265 meal, washing after the. See daily amount. 30 of Adam and Eve. See Adam washing the hands: after defined. 30 and Eve: marriage of the meal double on Friday. 30, 107, patriarchs and. 265 meals. See also eating and 128, 134 protection through. 265 drinking; food; menu; even today. 134 purpose of. 267 Shabbat food; Shabbat leftover. 128 second. 260 meals lesson of. 351 seven blessings on. See seven blessing bestowed on miracle of. 47, 201 blessings on marriage participants. 232 not on Shabbat. 30, 107 seven gifts bestowed by. 265 complimenting the chef. 57, received in Sinai desert. 128, sounds of. 272 115 201, 206 spirituality in. 265 fish for first course. 58 remained fresh on Shabbat. unification of two souls. 269 hands get dirty during. 197 128 marriage in land of Israel, importance of love and rotted on day’s end. 128 blessing on. 265 tranquility at. 236 wrapped in dew. 30, 50 Master. 106, 107 keeping perspective during. manufacturer, God as. 34 Master of salvations and 193 ma’on. 263 consolations. 221 light for. 3 marriage. See also bride and master of the house. See host pleasure. 40 groom; wedding Master of the world. xvii temptation to sin after. 229 and circumcision. 274 mastery over creation, time of happiness. 224 beginning of. 265 relinquishing. xvii, 13 Torah study at. 57, 115 between Shabbat and Jewish matches as havdallah flame. meals, Shabbat. See Shabbat people. 69 177 meals blessing to achieve. 274, 293 matchmaking. 72 measures bond through. 269 material2017 possessions.Jonathan SeeG. Bresselkazayit - All (solidrights measure). reserved 203 celebration of first seven  possessions, material reviit (liquid measure). 31, days. 265 Matesyahu the Hashmonean. 44, 100, 187, 203, 241, community interest in. 265 251 274, 275 first days of. See seven matriarchs. See also Jewish tefach (length measure). 31, blessings after wedding ancestors; Leah; patri- 101, 177 meal archs; Rachel; Rebecca; meat. See also fish and meat first of history. See Adam Sarah permission to eat. 315 and Eve: marriage of and marriage. 265 provided by God. 129 fulfillment of procreative in blessing bestowed on meat and fish. See fish and powers. 274 daughters. 26 meat goodness through. 265 matzah meat and milk together. 48 happiness through. 265 as challah alternative. 30 Medrash as source of songs. honeymoon in Jewish baking. 242 61 tradition. 265 meal, blessing after the. See Meein Shalosh blessing. 318 blessing after the meal melaveh malka. 187

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright melodies. See singing and mercy — continued Messiah — continued songs; songs inherent in name of God. redemption through. See melodies, chassidic. 158 51 messianic redemptions melting heart. 146 on children. 218, 225 reign of. 299 memory, God’s faculty of. 244 plea for. See plea for mercy remembered by God. 245 men. See also Jewish adult; symbolized by bread. 51 symbolized by choice vine. man; mankind; woman; mercy of God. 226 145 women in Chanukah story. 249, throne of. 299 participation in candle 251 messianic days. See days of lighting. See candle in feeding the world. 206 Messiah lighting: participation by Jerusalem rebuilt through. messianic redemptions. 80, men 223 236. See also days of ten required for expressing on Jerusalem. 216, 320 Messiah God’s name. 203, 204, on Jewish people. See Jewish Michael and Gabriel (angels). 260 people: mercy of God on 271 ten required for seven on Zion. 216, 320 midday. 99 blessings after wedding plea for. See plea for mercy midnight. 187 meal. 266 replaces judgement. 162 Mighty. 287 Menashe. 25, 26 through kindness. 80 milk and honey, land of. 211. menorah. 331 world fed through. 206 See also land of Israel in Holy Temple. 249 merit of ancestors. 283 milk and meat together. 48 on Chanukah. 248 messenger of peace. 299 mincha prayer. 163 mental fulfillment. See Messiah mincho al machavas offering. fulfillment anointed. 236 120 menu. See also eating and arrival of. 298, 394 mind drinking; food; meals; as great as finest Jewish creation of. 265, 268 Shabbat food; Shabbat ancestors. 297 freedom of. xvi meals as king. 236 more important than body. bread at each Shabbat meal. Bar Kochba as candidate. 229 47, 57 224 perfection of mankind. 268 fish at each Shabbat meal. birth pangs of. 356 Shabbat as sanctuary of the. 57 comforts2017 JewishJonathan people. G. 297 Bressel104 - All rights reserved fish first. 58 days of. See days of Messiah state of. 238 Friday night. 57 defined. 67 taking off of creative work. requirements. 57 descendent of King David. See creative work: taking Saturday afternoon. 157 80, 245 mind off of Saturday morning. 115 Elijah the Prophet as transformed by Shabbat third meal. 157 candidate. 298 observance. 147 merchant ships, Woman of God does kindness for. 236 mineral. 215 Valor as. 18 God’s agent. 236 Miniature Face Merciful Father. 167 goes in perfection. 297 defined. 161 Merciful One. 81, 230, 231, heralded by Elijah the radiance of. 162 232, 234, 235, 293, 294, Prophet. 298 time of happiness of. 163 295, 296, 297, 298 Moses as candidate. 394 miracles mercy plea for arrival of. 297 double. 224 from God. See mercy of pleasure on Shabbat leads for Jewish victims of defeat God to. 67 of Bar Kochba. 224

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright miracles — continued month, Hebrew. See Hebrew mouth of lions. 86 manna. See manna: miracle month mouths of mood, generous. 67 filling with laughter. 194 of Chanukah story. 249, moon and sun in future. 272 opening wide with song of 250 Mor, Mt.. See Mt. Sinai praise. 146 of Purim story. 255, 256 moral behavior opening with wisdom. 22 miraculous food. See manna enforcement by Pinchas. praising God with. 78 misery. See also unhappiness 299 mouths and lips in song. 289 defined. 356 repairing. 102 mouths of all living. 214, 215 eliminated by Shabbat. 74 requirements for perfection Mt. Mor. See Mt. Sinai of Jewish people. See of. 102 Mt. Moriah. 142 destruction of Holy result of improving. 50 Mt. Sinai Temple: misery for Jewish moral world, completion of. also known as Mt. Moriah. people 39 142 on enemies. 146 Mordechai and Esther in Divine Presence at. 280 plea for avoiding on Purim story. 255, 256 Shabbat observance Shabbat. 221 Moriah, Mt.. See Mt. Moriah commanded at. 90 mitzvah. See also command- mortals, gifts and loans from. Torah given at. See Torah: ments of God; Torah 218 received at Mt. Sinai acceptance of prayer Moses world broadcast center for improved via. 8, 230 as Messiah. 394 God’s instructions. 142 angel created through brother of Aharon. 330 world filled with fragrance performance of. 15 codified celebration of from. 142 better done by oneself. 345 marriage. 265 multitude created from a circumcision. See circumci- commanded the Torah. 288 single unity. 195 sion formalized blessing after the music declining one for another. meal. 206, 377 feast of. 273 49 received gift of Shabbat vehicle to prophecy. 61 defined. 331 from God. xvi way of expressing happiness. greater when more people servant of God. 288 273 involved. 29, 99, 345 set precedent in blessing mute, the. 261 lack of. 238 2017bestowed Jonathan on children. G. Bressel 25 myrtle. - All See rights hadas reserved life’s first. 274 mother mystical spheres. 272 personification of. 69 blessing bestowed on. 232, mysticism, Jewish. See Jewish preparation for. 15 293 mysticism reusing object of. 182 metaphor for Jerusalem. 270 reward for. 294 reverence of. 232 N teaching of. 293 motion as opposite of rest. 34 using hadas for. 182 mountain. See also Mt. naked, clothing the. 102 mitzvot. See mitzvah as home to heritage. 122 name of God. See also image Moabite, Ruth the. 294 mourner, passing bread to. 52, of God mohel. 296 353 72 letters. 348 money. See also income; mourning aggrandized in Chanukah possessions, material; on Shabbat. 52, 136 story. 252 wealth on Tisha b’Av. 270 based on mankind’s spending. See spending over Holy Temple. 270 perception. xix money for Shabbat over Jerusalem. 270 being blessed with. 289

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright name of God — continued nations, the — continued nourishment, spiritual. xx coming for the sake of. 289 Jewish people blessed numbers. 204 declaration of. 214 beyond. 130 diminished by captivity of Jewish people scattered O Jewish people. 194 among. 297 establishment of. 209 plea to God. 195 oat products, blessing after. explanation of concept. 215 response of Jewish people to. 318 expression of. 203, 205, 263 195 oath of God to Jewish people. gematria of. 51 wolves surrounding Jewish 143 giving thanks to. 286 people. 225 object of desire, Shabbat as. good. 194 natla (Aramaic word). 45 90 holy. xix nature object of mitzvah, reusing. Holy Temple bears. 216 braided form in. 48 182 honoring. 106 laws of. 35 obligations to God. 295 implies feeding others. 375 mankind's control over. xvii observance of Shabbat. See merciful. 51 micro-managed. xviii Shabbat observance on Jewish people. 289 Nazis. 144, 158 oceans. See seas, creation of principal form of. xix necessities. See needs odd numbers. 204 pronunciation of. xix neck of Jewish people, yoke of-all blessing, the. 232 thanking and praising in on. 230 offerings Chanukah story. See needs. See also lacking at dining table. 51 thanking God: for God feeds according to. 218 eaten by those who bring Chanukah salvation God provides. See God: them. 292 thanking and praising in provides needs holiness of consumption of. Purim story. See thanking plea for provision of. See 121 God: for Purim salvation plea for provision of needs in Holy Temple. 51, 292 upon Jewish people. 281 provision of. 126, 210, 216 mincho al machavas. 120 name of Jewish people, supplied by water. 327 pleasing aroma of. 139 pleasing. 145 needs, physical. 238 salt sprinkled on. 51 Napoleon. 270 negative forces, adversary as. Shabbat observance as. 92, napping on Shabbat. 73 229 121 nation, broken. 90 new 2017face. 266 Jonathan G. Bresselsimilarity - All torights circumcision. reserved nation of God. See Jewish new month. See Hebrew 292 people: nation of God month offspring. See also children; nation of Israel. See Jewish new song. 81, 278 daughters; sons; sons people new year. See Rosh Hashanah and daughters nation shaded by kingdom. news, good. See heralding of asking for bread. 240 235 good news blessing given to. 232 nation, treasured. See chosen night. See Friday night; of King David. 236 people Saturday night of the patriarchs. 140 nation, wandering. 143 nightfall. 175, 340, 368 oil nations, the Noah. See flood of Noah anointment with. 166 happiness of. 195 nobility. 92, 359 fuel for candle lighting. 4 Jewish people and. 186 nobility, house of. 280 in Chanukah story. 249 Jewish people as light unto. nostrils, breath of our. 80 old age. 240, 344 231 nourishment. See eating and olden days. 169 drinking; food

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright olive oil for candle lighting. partnership — continued peace — continued 341 with God. xvi, xvii, 50, 107. blessing for. See blessing for olives, blessing after. 318 See also connection to peace omens contained in palms. God canopy of. See canopy of 184 party, housewarming. 69 peace omnipotence and omniscience Passover covenant of. 298, 299 of God. 106 baking matzah. 242 from God. 226 omnipotence of God. xx cup of wine used on. 36 gives strength. 240 one. 204 insertion in blessing after God blesses Jewish people one creates a multitude. 195 food for. 322 with. 240 one sixtieth as ratio of insertion in blessing after God makes. See God: makes Shabbat to world to the meal for. See blessing peace come. 234 after the meal: Passover importance of. 236 One Who sees all. 122 pasta, blessing after. 318 in land of Israel. 216 open hand of God. 218, 238 pastries, blessing after. 318 in the home. 2, 3, 233 oppressors. See enemies path of God. 231 Jewish people need. 237 optimism path, the straight. 165 levels of. 237 defined. 273 paths of righteousness. See life’s most important of bride and groom. 272 righteousness, paths of blessing. 233 orchestra in Holy Temple. 61 patriarchs. See also Abraham; likened to river waters. 146 ordinary and holy. See holy Isaac; Jacob; Jewish message of. 236 and ordinary ancestors; matriarchs messenger of. 299 as ultimate believers. 140 more important than food. P blessing bestowed on. 232 233, 236 desired land of Israel. 211 plea for. See plea for peace pain offspring of. 140 provided by God. 299 eliminated by Shabbat. 74 payment. See also reward relevance to blessing after plea for God to feed for God’s commandments. the meal. 236 without. 218 195 reward for Kohen’s Holy pair (couple). 122 payment, double. See double Temple service. 299 palace in land of Israel. 211 payment via candle lighting. 2, 3, 340 palm of hand peace2017 Jonathan G. Bresselpearls. - All 18 rights reserved in havdallah. 184  abundant as river waters. people, blessing. 25 of Woman of Valor. 18, 20 147 people, chosen. See chosen resting cup on. 31 among Jewish people. 240 people parents among mankind. 13 people of Israel. See Jewish blessing bestowed on. 232 between bride and groom. people blessing for peace via. 27 272, 273 perfect one, Jewish people as. guard Shabbat. 140 between enemies. 237 279 parnassah. 154 between Jewish people and perfection partnership God. 279 Abraham walks in manner between Jews. xxi between mankind and of. 297 kiddush and havdallah. 175 creation. 13 food rising to. 215 Shabbat and Jewish people. between mankind and God. God. xix 12 105 Jewish people. See Jewish between this world and people: perfection upper world. 13

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright perfection — continued physical, spiritual extracted plea for future sustenance. Messiah walks in manner of. from. 36, 268 202 297 physical world. See also lower plea for God to be appeased. of God’s world. 13, 155 world; this world 220 of Jewish people. 231 Shabbat as completion of. plea for God to be beautified. of self. 293 39 230 Shabbat. 58 spiritual world. 105 plea for God to be declared via circumcision. 297 time span of. 381 source of blessing. 230 perfection, moral. See moral Pinchas. 298 plea for God to be pleased behavior pita as challah alternative. 30 with Jewish people. 220, perfection, spiritual. 35 pitcher for washing hands 322 permission to say blessings. 50 after meal. 198 plea for God to be proud. 230 Persian empire in Purim story. plains of land of Israel. 211 plea for God to betroth Jewish 255 plant growth as metaphor for people. 282 personal blessing. 27 redemption. 74 plea for God to desire Jewish personal God. 194 planting vine in vineyard. 145 people. 220 personification of mitzvah of plants grown by God. 209 plea for God to hear our Shabbat. 69 plea. See also blessing; prayer voice. 146 petals of roses. 31 plea for arrival of Elijah the plea for God to love Jewish peyos defined. 331 Prophet. 230, 298 people. 220 philosophical issues. 238, 240 plea for arrival of Messiah. plea for good holidays. 234 philosophy, Karite. 115 297 plea for goodness. 245, 247, physical and spiritual. 29 plea for avoiding gifts. 218 322, 323 physical assets of land of plea for avoiding misery and plea for grace. 245, 247 Israel. 211 sighing. 221 plea for happiness. 321, 322, physical drives. 29 plea for avoiding shame. 218, 323 physical needs. See needs 228 plea for happiness of bride physical pleasure. See also plea for avoiding trouble. 221 and groom. 271, 388 eating and drinking; plea for blessing. 230, 232, plea for having children. 9, pleasure; pleasure on 247 248 Shabbat; Shabbat: day of plea for blessing for circum- plea for help. 218 pleasure; Shabbat meals; cised2017 child. Jonathan 295 G. Bresselplea for - kindness.All rights 226, reserved 245 spiritual pleasure plea for blessing for host. 232 plea for life. 244, 245, 247 coupling with spiritual plea for blessing for mohel. plea for maintenance of Holy pleasure. 29 296 Temple. 216 gift from God. 29, 103 plea for blessing for sandak. plea for mercy. 216, 218, 226, intertwined with holiness. 294 245, 247, 320 29 plea for bread. See bread: plea plea for mercy on altar. 320 recommended on Shabbat. for plea for mercy on Holy 55 plea for breaking yoke of Temple. 216, 320 way of achieving holiness. Jewish people. 230 plea for never lacking food. 29, 40 plea for concern of God. 243 208 way of connecting to God. plea for connection to God. plea for peace. 226, 233, 237, See connection to God: 244 245 via physical pleasure plea for days of Messiah. 235 via angels. 13 physical satisfaction. 210, 216 plea for eternal life. 234 plea for prayer to reach God. plea for food. 202, 218, 388 244

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright plea for protection. 293 plea to remove anger. 261 pleasure on Shabbat — plea for provision of needs. plea to remove suffering. 261 continued 218, 226, 230 plea to revoke exile of Jewish banishes misery and sighing. plea for redemption. 273, 282 people. 86, 145 74 plea for relief. 218, 226 plea to see Divine Presence. boundless. 71 plea for renewal of Hebrew 295 bread as. 136 month. 234 pleasing aroma. 139 candle lighting as. 4 plea for restoration of dynasty pleasing God. 220, 322 catalyst to rise to greatness. of King David. 235 pleasing name of Jewish 125 plea for restoration of Holy people. 145 causes wishes to be fulfilled. Temple. See restoration of pleasure. See also eating and 356 Holy Temple: plea for drinking; physical eliminates distress. 71 plea for restoration of pleasure; pleasure on form of Shabbat observance. Jerusalem. See restoration Shabbat; Shabbat: day of 120 of Jerusalem: plea for pleasure; Shabbat meals; honors God. 103 plea for restoration of spiritual pleasure inherently spiritual. 71 kingdom of Israel. 282 candle lighting. 3 leads to Messiah and world plea for return to Jerusalem. channeling of. 61 to come. 67 270, 280, 321 cholent as. 115 leads to rescue and redemp- plea for return to land of declaring Shabbat as a. 73 tion. 74 Israel. 230 eating and drinking not merits a heritage. 71 plea for rulership of God. 230 solely for. 43 one sixtieth of world to plea for salvation. 220, 245, food as fleeting form of. 201 come. 234 247 from material possessions. reason for. 69 plea for Shabbat rest. 234 71 Shabbat itself as. 102 plea for sounds of marriage in greatest form of. 106 should also be physical. 55 cities of Israel. 272 had by God. 139 song about. 69 plea for strength. 220, 322 in God. 103 way of cleaving to God. 129 plea for success in Jewish meals. 40 wine as. 136 education. 293 mechanism of. 103 pleasure, physical. See physical plea for success in raising of the soul. 330 pleasure children. 292 2017of world Jonathan to come. 234 G. Bresselpleasure, - All spiritual.rights reserved See plea for success of ventures.  purpose of. 312 spiritual pleasure 228 radiated by Shabbat. 4 plural numbers. 204 plea for support. 226 Shabbat as day of. See plural vs. singular. 194 plea for welcome. 220 Shabbat: day of pleasure pockets lined with havdallah plea for welfare of family. 8, pleasure on Shabbat. See also wine. 187 232 eating and drinking; pomegranates, blessing after. plea for wisdom. 293 physical pleasure; 318 plea for world to come. 234, pleasure; Shabbat: day of pondering the Torah. 133 235 pleasure; Shabbat meals; poor lions. 238 plea of the nations. 195 spiritual pleasure poor, the. See also poverty; plea to avoid shame. 228 accommodated through poverty and wealth plea to be remembered. 245, increased soul. 182 caring for. 20, 240 247, 322, 323 as holy as Holy Temple extending hand to. 20 plea to raise flags of Jewish offerings. 121 feeding. See feeding the poor people. 280 as will of God. 61 reason for. 375

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright poor, the — continued praising God — continued prayer — continued Sodom’s lack of compassion by angels. 61 possible to request only for. 197 by each generation. 230, existing things. 216 vs. the wealthy. 229 231 reaches God. 244 populating of the world. See for Chanukah salvation. 252 Shabbat. 66, 136 world, the: populating of for unusual food items. 315 signs off with message of population, land of Israel in Nazi ghetto. 158 peace. 236 expands with. 211 Jewish people better than Soul of all Life. 66 porridge, blessing after. 318 angels. 61 We will Revere You. 66 positive forces in the world. morning and night. 84 prayer, synagogue. 6, 25 229 on holidays. 38 preparation for a mitzvah. 15 possessions, material. See also prayer begins with. 230 preparation for Shabbat. 3, 4, income; money; wealth silenced by eating process. 13, 70, 105 blessing for. See blessing for xx presence of God. See Divine possessions through a blessing. xx, 215 Presence blessing for proximity to through blessing after the preservative, salt as. 51 city. 228 meal. 231 prestige of God. 81 God’s involvement in. xx through communal pride of God via Jewish host’s success with. 228 invitation. 204 people. 230 maintenance of. 229 through song. 61, 146, 178, prime mover. 85, 119 pursuit of. 238 273. See also song of procession of God’s honor. Shabbat enables enjoyment praise 299 of. 71 with mouth. 78 proclaiming Shabbat. 63. See source of. 216 with wide open mouth. 146 also declaring Shabbat; via Holy Temple. 216 praising Woman of Valor. 17, remembering Shabbat possessions of God. See 22, 23 procreation. See reproduction bounty, God’s prayer. See also blessing; (biological) potential, fulfillment of. 293 blessings; plea produce (agricultural) poverty and wealth. 238, 374. afternoon. 163 commandments about. 49 See also poor, the amen as form of. xxi of land of Israel. 318 poverty as lack of mitzvah. answered by God. 178 thanking God for. 320 238 applying2017 handsJonathan and heart G. to.Bresselpromises - All of Godrights reserved power of God. See God:  295 for heritage of land. 79 power of begins with praising God. never to repeat flood. 143 power, position of. 103 230 that Messiah will come. 245 Powerful One. 66, 119, 123, evening. 175 to rebuild dynasty of King 124, 129, 133, 135, 136, Friday night. 5, 8, 69 David. 235 140, 168, 178, 208, 225, Gives Strength to the Weary. pronunciation 287, 295 141 guide to. 329 praise of land of Israel. 318 God as target of. 244 of name of God. xix praise, song of. See song of heard by God. 146 properties. See possessions, praise holidays. 38 material praises of women. 17 improving acceptance of. 8, prophecy praising God. See also song of 230 achieved through music. 61 praise; thanking God message arriving to God. historical end of. 231 blessings as explicit form of. 244 song promoted by. 278 xx no intermediaries for. xix wisdom as form of. 147

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright Prophet, Elijah the. See Elijah purpose of Shabbat — Rebecca. See also matriarchs the Prophet continued in blessing bestowed on Prophet, Isaiah the. See Isaiah symbolized by kiddush children. 26 the Prophet wine. 36 progenitor of seven blessings Prophet, Samuel the. 9 pursuit by kindness and after wedding meal. 265 Prophet, Zacharia the. 297 goodness. 166 rebels, God feeds even. 207 Prophets, last prophecy in pursuit of God. 231, 238 rebuilding of Holy Temple. books of the. 231 pursuit of material posses- See restoration of Holy proportional hours. See sions. 238 Temple seasonal hours pursuits, weekday. See rebuilding of Jerusalem. See prosecution, source of. 229 weekday activities restoration of Jerusalem prosperity. See income; recipes money; possessions, Q cholent. 115 material; wealth gefilte fish. 58 protection by God quail. 70 reconstruction of Holy of Jewish people. See Jewish quality wines. 70 Temple. See restoration of people: protected by God queen, Shabbat as. See Holy Temple of those who trust in God. Shabbat: queen reconstruction of Jerusalem. 240 See restoration of plea for child at circumci- R Jerusalem sion. 293 Red Sea, splitting of. See through Shabbat obser- Rabban Gamliel. 224 splitting of Red Sea vance. 133 Rabbi Akiva. 224 Redeemer. 225 protection through marriage. Rabbi Akiva Eiger. 258 redemption 265 Rachel. See also matriarchs of Jewish people. See proud, the. 85 and marriage. 265 redemption of Jewish Proverbs, book of. 17 in blessing bestowed on people provision for needs. See needs children. 26 of the spirit. 119 Psalms, book of radiance of God. See God: Shabbat pleasure leads to. authored by King David. See radiance of 74 King David: author of radiance of Miniature Face. redemption of Jewish people. book of Psalms 2017162 Jonathan G. Bressel See- All also rights days of reserved Messiah; Song of Ascents. 193, 194 radiance of Shabbat. 4 Messiah; messianic songs in. 165 Radiance of the world. 168 redemptions; return of written when David not yet rain brought by God. 209 Jewish people to land of king. 236 raising children. See children Israel; salvation of Jewish pulp of grape. 176 Rashi. 145 people punishment rat race, escaping the. 71 betrothal as metaphor for. of Homon. 257 reality, higher. 216 282 reward and. 238 reaping in song. 195 beyond time. 194 Purim. 214 reasoning built slowly by God. 236 purpose of creation. 265 aspect of God in mankind. by God. 273 purpose of hands. 43 268 by God from slavery. 212 purpose of marriage. 267 woman possesses greater caused by honest judgments. purpose of Shabbat power of. 269 223 original. 105 circumcision leads to. 297

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright redemption of Jewish people remembered for Good, Elijah rest — continued — continued the Prophet. 230 by God. See God: rested on cup of wine as reaction to. remembering, God’s. See seventh day 180 memory, God’s faculty of created on Shabbat. 34 Elijah the Prophet heralds. remembering Shabbat. See also encouraged by Abraham and 231 declaring Shabbat; Sarah. 77 enhanced consciousness at proclaiming Shabbat found by dove of Noah. 139 time of. 194 fourth commandment. 106 in Garden of Eden. 139 expression of feelings in song. 125, 142 motion as opposite of. 34 during. 194 infuses Shabbat into no independent purpose. 63 for later generations. 283 weekdays. 139 of the spirit. 165 from Egypt. See exodus from remembrance, plea for. See on Shabbat. See Shabbat rest Egypt plea to be remembered resting in love. 73, 220 from exile. 86, 145, 193, reminder, blessing after the resting in strength. 220 194, 220, 226, 270 meal as. 206 restoration of destroyed cities. growth of plant as metaphor remnants of bread. 202 272 for. 74 renewal. See rejeuvenation restoration of dynasty of King plea for. See plea for repentance David. 216, 235 redemption in preparation for final restoration of Holy Temple Shabbat observance leads to. judgement. 231 God prepares material for. 71 in Purim story. 255 222 sign of. 145 repetition three times happiness incomplete until. song at time of. 261 of song. 165 193 tents of Jacob. 223 of stanza. 14 in song. 81 tranquility of Jewish people triple blessing via. 165 plea for. 92, 145, 147, 216, via. 280 reproduction (biological) 261, 263 redemptions, messianic. See as immortality. 269 Shabbat observance messianic redemptions circumcision defines powers promotes. 119 reflection between worlds. 12 of. 274 restoration of Jerusalem refreshment, spiritual. 105 created by God. 35 blessing on. 265 refuge, God as. See God: requests. See also plea happiness through. 270, 321 refuge as part2017 of Jonathanblessing after G. the Bresselplea for.- All 216, rights 221, reserved320, 321 rejoicing. See also celebration  meal. 201 through charity. 222 in God. 169 rescue through judgement. 223 in Holy Temple. 86 by God. 226, 293 with sapphire stone. 272 on Shabbat. 71 from sin. 229 restoration of Jewish people. rejuvenation pleasure on Shabbat leads 216 of happiness. 297 to. 74 restoration of kingdom of of Jewish people. 193 responsibilities, moral and Israel. See kingdom of of the spirit. 134 ethical. 102 Israel: restoration of relationship with God. See responsibilities, weekday. See restoration of land of Israel connection to God weekday activities blessing on. 265 relative morality. 234 rest. See also Shabbat: day of by God. 272 relief rest; Shabbat rest restoration of Zion. 216 by God. 226 as reward. 122 resurrection of the dead. 226 plea for. See plea for relief attribute of God. 34 return of God to Holy Temple. 86

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright return of God to Jerusalem. reward — continued Romans. 224 223 for candle lighting. 8 roses return of God to land of for performance of mitzvah. emulating petals of. 31 Israel. 194 294 symbolize Jewish people. 73 return of Jewish people to in this world. 294 Rosh Hashanah. 323. See also greatness. 195 rest as. 122 blessing after the meal: return of Jewish people to spiritual form of. 294 Rosh Hashanah Jerusalem. 270, 280, 321 ultimate form of. 231 rot return of Jewish people to wealth as. 294 absent in salt. 51 land of Israel. See also world to come. 234, 294 Jewish dead at Beitar saved redemption of Jewish riding in heaven. 120 from. 224 people right hand side of manna at day’s end. 128 as children returning to preference over left hand rote behavior on Shabbat. 102 mother. 270 side. See hands: preference routine, daily. 39 clarity comes with. 194 of right over left royalty, Shabbat as. See dreamstuff. 194 symbolizes exalted elevation. Shabbat: royalty in fear of no one. 231 31, 307, 309, 311, 313, Ruler of the Universe. 185 in freedom. 231 315 rules. See commandments instantaneous. 195 symbolizes kindness. 44 ruling of heaven and earth by like streams watering desert. righteous Kohen. 298 God. 178 195 righteous, the running to greet Shabbat. 69 plea for. 195, 230 abandonment of. 240 rushing on Shabbat. 138 so good. 194 eat meal of the future. 57 Russia. See also Soviet Union some only after death. 231 in Chanukah story. 252 story about Shabbat in. 112 standing on two legs. 231 perform God’s command- Ruth. 294, 392 through Shabbat. 220 ments. 139 rye products, blessing after. with God. 194 rest in Garden of Eden. 139 318 return to Jerusalem. See return righteousness, paths of. 165 of Jewish people to rights to food. 210 S Jerusalem rights to land of Israel. 210 return to path of God. 231 rings removed for hand sacrifices. See offerings return to Zion. See return of 2017washing. Jonathan 44 G. Bresselsaddened - All one.rights 92 reserved Jewish people to land of rinsing. See washing safety issues in candle Israel risen sun. 122 lighting. 3 reusing object of mitzvah. 182 rising to land of Israel. See salt. 51 revelation of God. 169 land of Israel: Jewish salt, Sodomite. 197 revelation of will of God. 163 people rising to salvation reverence of father and ritual slaughter. 58 celebration of. 178 mother. 232 river waters. See also streams from mouth of lions. 86 reviit measure. See measures: in desert lifting cup of. 180 reviit (liquid measure) metaphor for peace. 146 plea for. See plea for reviving the spirit. 73 struck by Elijah the Prophet. salvation reward. See also payment 299 springs of. 178 and punishment. 238, 257 Rivers of Babylon, by the. 193 symbolized by water. 178 double for sandak. 294 rivers of joy. 263 through God. 178, 235, double for Shabbat rod, chastising. 166 249, 252 observance. 122 roll as challah alternative. 30

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright salvation of Jewish people scholars, Torah. See Torah service of God — continued in Chanukah story. 249, scholars on weekdays. 176 250, 252 scroll of Esther. 255 servitude in Egypt. See Egypt: in Purim story. 256 sea creature, creation of. 65 servitude in through merit of ancestors. seal of circumcision. 281. See Seudah Shelishit defined. 155 283 also circumcision seven blessings after wedding salvations, Master of. 221 seal of tefillin. 282 meal. 265 sample schedule. xiii seas, creation of. 64, 107 1st blessing. 267 Samuel, book of. 236 season, God provides food for 2nd blessing. 268 Samuel the Prophet. 9 every. 212 3rd blessing. 268 sanctification. See also seasonal additions to blessing 4th blessing. 270 holiness; holy after meal. 234 5th blessing. 271 of hands. 43 seasonal hours. 340 6th blessing. 272 of Jerusalem by King David. security and calm. 91 7th blessing. 274 216 seed canister. 195 additional cup of wine for. of Shabbat. See Shabbat: seeds 266 making holy metaphor for source of called sheva brachot. 265 sandak. 294, 392 abundance. 202 criteria for saying. 266 sapphire stone, Jerusalem symbolize God’s command- enumerated. 265 restored with. 272 ments. 195 Rebecca as progenitor. 265 Sarah. See also Abraham and Sefer Chareidim. 167 seven blessings of marriage. Sarah; matriarchs self perfection. 293 See seven blessings after in blessing bestowed on self-deprivation. 238 wedding meal children. 26 selfless, the. 124 seven layers of heaven. See progenitor of candle sense of smell. 182 heaven, seven layers of lighting. 3 sensitivity, Shabbat instills seventh day. See also Shabbat Woman of Valor. 17 soul with. 35 creation ceased on. 107 satisfaction separation. See also havdallah for God. 127 comes from God. 239 concept of. 175 God rested on. See God: cup filled to. 166 symbolized by wine. 176 rested on seventh day from eating. 130, 201, 207, Sephardic Jewry heavens and earth com- 239, 321, 377 defined.2017 330 Jonathan G. Bresselpleted - All on. rights 33 reserved from fruit of land of Israel. pronunciation method. 329 rejoicing on. 71 321 sermon. 154 remembering and guarding. from land of Israel. See land servant of God 142 of Israel: satisfaction from in song. 167 resting on. 106 gift from God. 215 King David. 245 Shabbat created on. 58 lacked by the wicked. 238 Moses. 288 Shabbat. See also seventh day of needs. See needs servants working on Shabbat. angels limited on. 105 of the will. 238 106, 125 anger eliminated by. 74 satisfaction, physical. See service of altar in Holy anger on, absence of. 162 physical satisfaction Temple. 44 animals working on. 106 satisfaction, spiritual. See service of God appeasement of God on. spiritual satisfaction blood of circumcision as. 162 Saturday night. 185 293 arrival of. See kiddush: Savior. 92, 178, 194 King David’s monarchy heralds arrival of Shabbat; schedule, sample. xiii directed toward. 235 Shabbat: start of

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright Shabbat — continued Shabbat — continued Shabbat — continued as holy as Holy Temple. 220 connecting to God on. See escorting on departure. See awareness of. xvi connection to God: on escorting Shabbat on beautifying. 107 Shabbat departure beginning of. See kiddush: cooking prohibited on. 57 exodus from Egypt and. See heralds arrival of Shabbat; created on seventh day. 58 exodus from Egypt: Shabbat: start of creative work prohibited on. Shabbat and benefit of. xvi See creative work: expands spiritual conscious- bestows blessing on living prohibited on Shabbat ness. 63 places. 125 crowns are returned on. 124 extracting spiritual from bestows blessings. See cup of wine in blessing after physical on. 36 Shabbat: blessing, source meal. 203 fasting on. See fasting on of day of happiness. 136 Shabbat blessed by God. 35, 58, 91, day of joining with God. 69 feeding the poor for. 126 107 day of pleasure. 102, 136. first commandment given to blessing after food, insertion See also pleasure on Jewish people. 38 in. 322 Shabbat first historical communal blessing after the meal, day of rest. 74, 128, 139, observance of. 47, 105 insertion in. See blessing 221. See also rest; Shabbat first in Torah’s list of after the meal: Shabbat rest holidays. 38 blessing, source of. 5, 35, declaring. See declaring first of all holidays. 38, 128 52, 125, 128, 153 Shabbat fractional representation of bride. 17, 69, 70. See also dedicated to God. 107, 127 world to come. See world Shabbat: queen demonstrates God’s to come: symbolized by calm and security. 91 credentials. 39 Shabbat choosing food for. 56 desecration of. 123, 136, freedom from daily routine. clothing, special. See 362 39 Shabbat clothing desired. 90 given by God. xvi, 38, 220 commandment of. See desired day. 63, 124 given to Jewish people. xvi commandment of Divine Presence on. 139 goal of existence. 138 Shabbat doublings on. See double, goal of the universe. 2 commemorates act of 2017symbolism Jonathan of G. BresselGod - All dwells rights amid reserved Jewish creation. 38  dove found rest on. 139 people on. 69 commemorates exodus from effect on the soul by God’s stamp on creation. 32 Egypt. 39 departure of. 182. See also grand. 220 commemorates God’s increased soul greeting (act of). 31, 69 resting on seventh day. eliminates pain, anger, and guarding. See guarding 127 distress. 74 Shabbat committing to. 6 eliminates sighing. 74, 90 habitual behavior on. 102 communal invitation on. emanates from God. 71 happiness, leads to. 63 203 encompasses entire human happiness of. 176 completion of act of experience. xvii happiness on. See happiness: creation. 2, 38 end of. 162, 175, 182, 187 on Shabbat completion of physical enlightenment, leads to. 63 happiness radiated by. 4 world. 39 enters into home. 125 heritage. See heritage: escape from worries and Shabbat as troubles. 32, 71

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright Shabbat — continued Shabbat — continued Shabbat — continued high spiritual levels on. 71, kiddush greets arrival of. See perfection of God’s world. 162 kiddush: heralds arrival of 13 higher level of existence on. Shabbat personified mitzvah. 69 13 king. 236. See also Shabbat: physical pleasure recom- highest potential on. xvi queen; Shabbat: royalty mended on. 55 holier than weekdays. 176 lifts above earthly existence. plea for avoiding misery and holiness in time. 24 338 sighing on. 221 holiness of. See holiness of look of face is different on. plea for avoiding trouble on. Shabbat 266 221 holiness of Jewish people. love song to. 17 pleasure, a. 73 147 made holy by God. 39, 47, pleasure on. See pleasure on holiness, root and founda- 91, 102, 107. See also Shabbat tion of. 35 holiness of Shabbat; pleasure radiated by. 4 holy. 128, 146, 220. See also Shabbat: holy; Shabbat: preparation for. See holiness of Shabbat; making holy preparation for Shabbat Shabbat: made holy by making holy. 106, 107, 125. proclaiming. 63. See also God; Shabbat: making See also holiness of declaring Shabbat; holy Shabbat; Shabbat: holy; remembering Shabbat holy and ordinary on. 13 Shabbat: made holy by prohibition of creative work. holy level of existence on. God See creative work: 106 making of. 104 prohibited on Shabbat honored day. 102, 127, 136, manna did not appear on. providing poor with needs 140 See manna: not on for. 126 honored with cup of wine. Shabbat purpose of. See purpose of 203 manna remained fresh on. Shabbat honoring. See honoring 128 queen. 69, 70, 125. See also Shabbat married to Jewish people. 69 Shabbat: bride; Shabbat: in concentration camp. See material possessions king; Shabbat: royalty story about: Shabbat in enhanced by. 71 radiates joy. 4 concentration camp mourning on. See mourn- rat race, escape from. 71 in Russia. 112 ing:2017 on JonathanShabbat G. Bresselreaching - All highest rights level reserved of in tablets of Ten Command- needs no creative work. 58 existence on. 13 ments. 140 new face. 266 redemption for the spirit. increased soul on. See Noah’s dove found resting 119 increased soul spot on. 139 rejoicing on. 71 invitation to. 102 not to be forgotten. 139 rejuvenation of the spirit. joy radiated by. 4 nothing lacking on. 130 134 joy, spiritual. 182 object of desire. 90 relaxation. See rest; Shab- judgement process neutral- observance. See Shabbat bat: day of rest; Shabbat: ized on. See judgement, observance rest attribute of: neutralized opportunity to study Torah. remembering. See remem- on Shabbat 133 bering Shabbat keeping. See guarding partnered with Jewish reminder. 71, 105 Shabbat; Shabbat people. 12 renews creation of the observance perfect. 58 universe. 63, 107

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright Shabbat — continued Shabbat — continued Shabbat commandment. See rest. See rest; Shabbat: day symbolizes future messianic commandment of of rest; Shabbat rest days. 236 Shabbat rest created on. 34 symbolizes world to come. Shabbat food. See also challah; resting in love. See resting in See world to come: eating and drinking; love symbolized by Shabbat food; menu; story about: rote behavior on. 102 taste of food special on. 117 Shabbat food royalty. 31, 69, 177, 187. Ten Commandments, cholent. 110, 114, 115 See also Shabbat: king; fourth of. See Ten choosing. 56, 130 Shabbat: queen Commandments, the: fish. 56, 110 running to greet. 69 Shabbat as fourth of pleasing aroma. 139 rushing, absence of. 138 testimony. See Shabbat saving best for. 106 sanctifying. See Shabbat: observance: testimony types of. 154 making holy time for intrinsic being. Shabbat meals. See also eating sanctuary of the mind. 104 132, 138 and drinking; food; saving best food for. 106 time for singing to God. 61 meals; menu; Shabbat semblance of world to come. time, heart and soul of. 35 food See world to come: time when everyone gets bread at each. See bread: at symbolized by Shabbat together. 138 each Shabbat meal; menu sensitivity gained on. 35 treasure house, found in. coupling kiddush with seventh day. See seventh day xvi, 338 pleasure of. 40 shells neutralized on. 163 trouble free. 221 different type of bread at show bread on. 135 trouble on. 153 each. 153 sign between God and unhappiness on. 193 fish at each. 57 Jewish people. 133 valuable. xvi Friday night. 55, 60 sign of eternity. 105 week influenced by. 71 holiness of. 187 singing A Song of Ascents weekday, lacks matching. 12 in song. 90 after meal. 193 weekdays energized by. 35 Saturday afternoon. 154 singing and songs on. See weekdays infused with. 139 Saturday morning. 110, singing and songs weekdays lead to. xvi 112, 115 singing love song to. 17 weekdays set apart from. singing A Song of Ascents sleeping on. 73 2017236 Jonathan G. Bressel after.- All 193rights reserved soul, increased. See increased weekdays, superior to. 69 songs at. 57, 115 soul winding down from. 187 three. 70, 153, 155. See also source of blessing. See wisdom gained on. 35 third meal Shabbat: blessing, source work prohibited on. See Shabbat observance. See also of creative work: prohibited commandment of speech controlled on. 103 on Shabbat Shabbat; guarding spending money for. See working animals on. 106 Shabbat spending money for world to come as. 234 affects success of work week. Shabbat world to come symbolized 127 spice of. 117 by. See world to come: akin to offering in Holy spiritual joy. 182 symbolized by Shabbat Temple. See offerings: spiritual world of. 105 Shabbat candles. See candle Shabbat observance as start of. 6, 175, 176 lighting arms Jewish people. 220 supersedes Holy Temple. Shabbat clothing. 69, 120. See brings Jewish people to land 104 also holiday clothing of Israel. 220

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright Shabbat observance — Shabbat observance — Shabbat rest — continued continued continued inherently purposeful. 63 by parents and children. 140 prevents trouble on Shabbat. innermost part of existence. causes restoration of Holy 379 63 Temple. 119 rejuvenation for spirit. 134 Jewish people participate in. cautioning about. 146, 147 renews creation of the 139 commandment of. See universe. See Shabbat: Noah’s dove found. 139 commandment of renews creation of the plea for. 234 Shabbat universe provided by God. 234 creates partnership with required for moral perfec- reason for. xvi God. xvii, 107 tion. 102 son and daughter. 73 defined. 63 saves from birth pangs of song about. 89 detail of. xvii, xviii, xix Messiah. 356 through God’s will. 220 driving a car as analogy to. saves Jewish people. 220 weekday success according xix strengthens Jewish people. to. 127 eternal agreement. 104 220 Shabbat, royal. See Shabbat: extracts Jewish people from supersedes construction of royalty exile. 220 Holy Temple. 104 Shabbat Shalom greeting. 13 first historical occurrence. Ten Commandments, shade See Shabbat: first fourth of. See Ten in desert. 147, 235 historical communal Commandments, the: succah built for. 235 observance of Shabbat as fourth of shaded booth. See succah gift to God. 92, 123 testimony to covenant with shadow of death, valley of the. implies belief in God. 38 God. 105 166 in Russia. 112 testimony to creation of the shadow of God, mankind as. in tablets of Ten Command- universe. xvi, 55, 63, 104, 268 ments. 140 105, 107 shadows as allegory to Jewish leads to connection to God. through pleasure. 120 exile. 282 See connection to God: tool for choosing eternity. Shalosh Seudot. See third via Shabbat observance 105 meal leads to redemption. 71, transforms the mind. 147 Shamai. 56 105 weight2017 equal Jonathan to all other G. Bresselshame, - plea All forrights avoiding. reserved See leads to world to come. 104  commandments com- plea for avoiding shame like creation of Shabbat. 105 bined. 360 shamed vs. ashamed. 378 like creation of the universe. Shabbat pleasure. See pleasure Shavuot. See also blessing after 105 on Shabbat the meal: Shavuot lovingly performed. 220 Shabbat prayer. See prayer: insertion in blessing after no loss of income caused by. Shabbat food for. 322 39 Shabbat rest. See also rest; sheaves, carrying. 195 obligation of. 123 Shabbat: day of rest sheep one facilitates next. 13, 104 by God. See God: rested on amid wolves. 225 pleasure on Shabbat as form seventh day delivered from the mouths of. 120 cherished. 69 of lions. 86 prerequisite to laws of consequence of. 145 Jewish people symbolized Torah. 38 escape from rat race. 71 by. See Jewish people: prevents destruction. 119 for everyone. 106 symbolized by sheep form of pleasure. 106 sheep, stray. 143

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright shells, spiritual. 163 Simchat Torah. See also singing and songs — Shepherd. 78, 165, 218, 225 blessing after the meal: continued sheva brachot. See seven Simchat Torah in celebration halls. 273 blessings after wedding insertion in blessing after in city of Zion. 81 meal food for. 323 in concentration camp. 144 Shimon Hatzadik. 251 sin in ghetto. 158 ship in storm. 88 blessing against inclination in Holy Temple. See Holy ship, Woman of Valor as. 18 toward. 233 Temple: singing and songs Shmini Atzeret. See also cleansing from. 382, 383 in blessing after the meal: not as bad as thought of. in Jerusalem. 86 Shmini Atzeret 229 in praise of Woman of Valor. insertion in blessing after of Adam and Eve. 185 17 food for. 323 rescue from. 229 love song to Shabbat. 17 shoes on dry bed of Red Sea. source of. 229 mitzvah of. 61 279 temptation to. 228, 229 new song. See new song shomer Shabbos. 331 Sinai desert. See also desert of bride and groom. 272 show bread commandment of Shabbat of praise. See song of praise arranged and eaten on in. 134 on Shabbat. 61, 92 Shabbat. 135 manna received in. See on steps of Holy Temple. challah as commemoration manna: received in Sinai 193, 194 of. 48 desert praising God through. See shower of abundance. 233 travel of Jewish people praising God: through shtreimel defined. 331 through. 30, 105, 201, song shul. 331 280, 282 promoted by prophecy. 278 Shushan, city of. 256 work unnecessary in. 105 reaping, while. 195 sickness, love. 168 Sinai, Mt.. See Mt. Sinai repeating stanza three times. side. See left hand side; right singer in Holy Temple. See 14 hand side Levy: singer in Holy repeating three times. 165 sighing Temple sources of. 61, 277 defined. 356 singing a book. 72 spiritual development eliminated by Shabbat. See singing and songs. See also through. 61 Shabbat: eliminates 2017praising Jonathan God; song; G. Bresselsong through - All rightsDivine reservedinspiration. sighing  of praise 61 of the spirit. 90, 119 A Song of Ascents. 193 to God. See God: singing to replaced by happiness. 272 at meal. 57 to Shabbat. 17 sign awaken the heart. 61 way of expressing happiness. between God and Jewish celebration of God’s world. 273 people. 133 13 with mouth and lips. 289 double manna. 134 communal. 61 singular vs. plural. 194 of eternity. 105 during redemption of Jewish sink for washing hands after of redemption. 145 people. 261 meal. 197, 198 tefillin. 281 effect on relationship with sitting signature of God. See God: God. 61 creates social bond. 177 stamp on creation by effect on world. 61 for havdallah. 177 silver cup of wine. 31, 100, happiness leads to. 61 for kiddush. See kiddush: 346 highest form of expression. sitting; kiddush: standing 61 in house of God. 166

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright sitting — continued Sodomite salt. 197 song of praise — continued while eating and drinking. soldiers, Egyptian. See by Jewish people at splitting 40 Egyptians of Red Sea. 278, 283 six days. See also creation of soldiers, German. See Nazis expression by the mute. 261 the universe; weekdays solid volume measure. See farmer reaps in. 195 completing work in. 106, measures tongue filling with. 146, 127 Solomon, King. See King 194 each Shabbat recreates world Solomon songs. See singing and songs for. See Shabbat: renews song about sons. 73, 106, 125, 145. See creation of the universe blessing after the meal. 77 also children; daughters; six spacial dimensions. xvi circumcision. 277 offspring; sons and six-winged angels. See angels: God’s grandeur. 83 daughters six-winged love song to Shabbat. 17 blessing bestowed on. 26 sixth day. See Friday pleasure on Shabbat. 69 sons and daughters. 125, 145. sixty as ratio of world to come removal of suffering. 260 See also children; daugh- to Shabbat. 234 splitting of Red Sea. 277 ters; offspring; sons skies. See also heavens Woman of Valor. 17 rest on Shabbat. 73 creation of. 64 song by sorrow. See misery; unhappi- Elijah the Prophet swept Azkari, Elazar. 167 ness into. 299 Bar Klonimus, Moshe. 63 soul, increased. See increased slaughter, kosher. 57 Bar Shmuel of Magentsa, soul slavery in Egypt. See Egypt: Baruch. 119 Soul of all Life. 66 servitude in Bar Yitzchok HaCohen, soul, the. See also spirit, the sleeping on Shabbat. 73 Avraham. 291 and end of Shabbat. 182 sleeping while God prepares Ben Labret, Adonim and sense of smell. 182 food. 209 HaLevy (Donash). 145, aspect of God in mankind. slice of bread. See bread, slice 260 268 of Halevy, Yehuda. 139, 277 character as clothing of. 21 smell Ibn Ezra, Avraham. 133 creation of. 265, 267 havdallah spices. 182 Ibn Giat, Yitzchok Bar dwelling place of. xvi semblance of the world to Yehuda. 89 eternity of. 381 come. 182 King2017 David. Jonathan 165 G. Bresselexpands - All on rights Shabbat. reserved 182 sense of. 182 King Solomon. 17 gains from Shabbat. 35 world filled with fragrance Luria, Yitzchok (Arizal). 83, in husband and wife. 269 from Sinai. 142 89, 161 in symbolism of candle smell, pleasing. 139 Menachem. 69 lighting. 5 soap, cleansing heart with. Naigara, Yisroel. 83 perfection of humanity. 268 136 song for circumcision meal. pleasure of. 330 social behavior. 102 277 source of all evil. 229 social bond song, love. 17 source of blessing. See God: via blessings. xxi song, new. See new song blessing, source of; land via collective praise of God. Song of Ascents. 193 of Israel: blessing, source 204 song of praise. See also of; Shabbat: blessing, via sitting. 177 praising God; thanking source of social justice. 102 God Soviet Union. See also Russia sodium. 51 ascending with. 81 story about fish in. 56 Sodom. 197 sowing in tears. 195

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright space, holiness in. 24 spiritual extracted from springs of salvation. 178 space, six dimensions of. xvi physical. See physical, stability of salt. 51 spacious, land of Israel as. See spiritual extracted from stamp on creation. See God: land of Israel: spacious spiritual happiness. 273 stamp on creation by spacious living areas. 218 spiritual insight and inspira- stamped in flesh, circumci- Spain, burial tradition in. 362 tion, blessing for. 27 sion. See circumcision: speech spiritual joy of Shabbat. 182 stamped in flesh as interruption. 45 spiritual levels. 13, 71, 162 standing aspect of God in mankind. spiritual needs. See needs for testimony. 31 268 spiritual nourishment. xx upon return to land of controlled on Shabbat. 103 spiritual perfection. 35 Israel. 231 creation of the universe via. spiritual pleasure. See physical versus sitting for kiddush. 103, 347 pleasure; pleasure; See kiddush: standing creation via. 315 pleasure on Shabbat; versus sitting limitations on. 133 Shabbat: day of pleasure while eating and drinking. speech, action, and thought. coupling with physical 40 268 pleasure. 29 stanza, triple repetition of. 14 spelt products, blessing after. facilitated through eating. stars, nightfall in relation to 318 55 visibility of. 175 spending money for Shabbat. Shabbat as. 71 stars, number of. 360 71, 122 spiritual refreshment. 105 start of Shabbat. See Shabbat: spheres, mystical. 272 spiritual reward. 294 start of spice of Shabbat. 117 spiritual satisfaction. 210, 216 starved lions. 238 spices. See havdallah spices spiritual shells. 163 state of mind. 238 spills of wine, dealing with. spiritual success. 229 steps of Holy Temple. 193, 31 spiritual universe, the. 268 194 spindle. 20, 343 spiritual world. 105 sterilizer, salt as. 51 spinning process. 343 spirituality stirrings of the heart. 86 spirit, the. See also soul, the detail in. xviii stomach, full. See full stomach blessing for strengthening exodus from Egypt enables. storm, ship in. 88 of. 27 39 story about increased soul for. 90 2017in marriage. Jonathan 265 G. BresselAbraham - All rights feeding reserved guests. 76 love sickness of. 168  land of Israel expands. 211 angelic counterpart. 12 redemption of. 119 navigation and management angels. 13 rejeuvenation of. 134 of. xviii award on Friday night. 68 rejoices in Holy Temple. 86 reflected in human body. bar mitzvah. 12 resting of. 165 269 big white bird. 138 reviving of. 73 Shabbat expands. 63 blessing children. 24 sighing of. 90, 119 through God’s command- blessings. 302 wisdom for. 146 ments. xx box of candles. xiv spirit, troubled. 90 via singing. 61 Broadway rehearsal on spiritual assets of land of via wine. 36 Shabbat. 62 Israel. 211 splitting of Red Sea. 277, 278, butcher. 156 spiritual consciousness. See 283 candle lighting. 2 spirituality spoils of battle. 18 candle lighting in book. 2 spiritual expression. xvi spouse, giving slice of bread celebrating a wedding first to. 52 remotely. 258

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright story about — continued story about — continued story by — continued challah, baking. 46 Shabbat coming into the Gotlieb, Anna. xii, 2, 12, challah charity. 110 home. 174 24, 68, 76, 98, 114, 132, challah in Russia. 152 Shabbat food. 117 148, 156, 170, 174, 190, challah with bread machine. Shabbat hospitality. 76 254, 259 152 Shabbat in concentration Hirsch, Shimshon Raphael. Chanukah. 248 camp. 82, 144 174 children. 24, 248 Shabbat in Jerusalem. 170 Krohn, Edith. 126 cholent. 114, 118 Shabbat in Russia. 112 Krohn, Paysach J. 264, 276, circumcision. 276 Shabbat spice. 117 284, 290 circumcision at West Point. Shabbat’s partner among Medrash. 12 284 weekdays. 12 Miller, Avigdor. 7, 28, 52, circumcision gift from Shamai choosing food for 76, 94, 304, 310, 312, dentist. 296 Shabbat. 56 314, 316 circumcision in Soviet ship in storm before Noam, Rachel. 60 Union. 277 Shabbat. 88 Packouz, Kalman. 258 creation of bread. 302 the Titanic. 290 Raiz, Carmela. 275, 277 cult member. 116 third meal, Chassidic style. Samson Rabinowitz, Rachel. daughter's wedding. 259 154 174 first Jewish experiences. 60 third meal, defying Nazis Sanik, Leibel. 144 food. 302 with. 144, 158 Schneirer, Sarah. 302 Friday night after the meal. time. 243 Sefas Emes. 12 94 violinist at wedding. 264 Shain, Ruchama. 88 Friday night atmosphere. 60 water. 314 Solomont, Ari. 24 fruit. 304, 310, 316 wedding. 258, 264 Talmud. 56 havdallah. 174 wedding, second. 275 Tatz, Akiva. 138 Hebrew Day School. 190 West Point circumcision. Twerski, Abraham J. 2, 110, home atmosphere. 138 284 116, 117, 242, 248 Jerusalem hills. 82 wine and fermentation. 28 Wein, Berel. 46 kiddush cup. 98 story by Werdyger, Duvid. 82 kosher fish in Soviet Union. A Daily Dose of Kindness. Wouk, Herman. 62 56 xiv,2017 16, Jonathan116, 152, 296 G. BresselZakon, - All Miriam rights S. reserved56, 60 miracle of food production. Author. 68 story of Genesis. See creation 52 Barg, Basyah. 112, 118 of the universe miracle of light. 7 Bulman Katz, Toby. 16 straight path, the. 165 photo of wedding ring. 68 Chazan, Batya. 152 straw as symbol of Jewish planning on Shabbat. 132 Eilenberg-Eibeshitz, Anna. people. 240 pleasure. 312 158 streams in desert. 195. See also polishing wine goblets. 98 Feldman, Emanuel. 82, 243, river waters preparation for Shabbat. xii 302 Strength. 225 providing Shabbat needs. Fisher, David. 110 strength 126 Friedman, Chaim Shlomo. comes from peace. 240 Purim. 254 144 exertion of. 142 Rabbi Akiva Eiger. 258 Friedman, Peska. 98, 154 God girded with. 287 Shabbat. 132 Gabel, Dina. 94 God provides Jewish people Shabbat and family. 94 Gliksman, Devora. 94, 114 with. See God: strength- Goldberg, Hillel. 132 ens Jewish people

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright strength — continued sun table, dining — continued God provides the weary allegory to God. 161 location for washing hands with. 141 metaphor in circumcision after the meal. 197, 198 of Jewish community. 204 song. 299 salt on. 51 of Woman of Valor. 21 sun and moon in future. 272 symbolizes altar in Holy plea for. See plea for strength sun, healing. 272 Temple. 44, 51, 118 resting in. 220 sun, risen. 122 Torah study at. 51 through Shabbat obser- sunlight as allegory. 282 tradition to use for coffin. vance. 220 sunset as beginning of Jewish 362 strength, human. 240 day. 3 table in Holy Temple. 135 strength of God. 163 sunshine. 299 table, invitation engraved in. Strength of the Ages. 65 supervision, divine. 35, 238, 162 strength, tower of. 236 268, 383 table opposite enemies. 166 strengthening of Jewish supervision of food distribu- Tablets of the Ten Command- people. See God: strength- tion. See God: supervises ments. See Ten Com- ens Jewish people food distribution directly mandments, the strengthening the spirit, supervision of household. 22 Talmud blessing for. 27 support by God. 166, 202, as source of songs. 61, 277 strict judgement. See judge- 207, 226 language of. 83 ment, attribute of survival of Jewish People. See redaction of. 230 Strong One. 140 Jewish people: survival tassels. 281, 282 study of Torah. See Torah survivors of concentration tastes good, Torah. 168 study camp. See story about: teaching child to sing a book. stuffed fish. 58 Shabbat in concentration 72 subjugation of Jewish people. camp teaching, practical. 22 231 sustenance by God. 209 teaching through example, succah. 235 swallowing as act following God’s. 107 success blessing. 45, 50 teaching Torah. 293 during weekdays. 127 sweet drinks. 129 tears, sowing in. 195 through God. 226 synagogue. 38 tefach. See measures: tefach with material possessions. synagogue congregation (length measure) 228 2017blessed Jonathan by Kohen. G. 25 Bresseltefillin. - All 281, rights 282 reserved success, spiritual. 229 synagogue prayer. See prayer, Temple, Holy. See Holy Succot synagogue Temple defined. 235 temptation to sin. 228, 229 hadas used on. 182 T ten. 204 insertion in blessing after ten aspects of existence. 272 food for. 323 table, dining ten commandments in insertion in blessing after blessed by God. 230 preparation of bread. 49 the meal for. See blessing leaving bread on. 202 Ten Commandments, the after the meal: Succot like eating from God’s hand. candle lighting symbolizes. suffering 239 341 of Jewish people. 194 location for blessing after in song. 142 plea to remove. 261 the meal. 201 Shabbat as fourth of. 32, replaced by happiness. 272 location for candle lighting. 106, 175, 362 song about removal of. 260 3 Shabbat engraved on stone sukkah. See succah tablets of. 140

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright ten fingers. 49 thanking God — continued this world — continued ten men. See men for food. 209, 212, 214, Divine Presence in. 139 ten mystical spheres. 272 216, 319, 324, 326 good and evil in. 234 ten sayings of creation of the for fruit. 319, 324 peace between upper world world. 272 for fruit bearing trees. 319 and. 13 ten wedding canopies of for goodness. 238, 324 reward in. 294 Adam and Eve. 271, 272 for grace. 212 wine as happiness in. 101 tense of blessing on wine. 37 for Holy Temple. 216 thought tents of Jacob. 223 for human couple. 268 applied to God. 295 teruma. See tithing for human species. 268 aspect of God in mankind. testimony, standing for. 31 for kindness. 212 268 testimony to creation of the for land of Israel. 210, 320, of sin. 228, 229 universe 324 of work. 72 through kiddush. 31, 32 for life. 212 thought, action, and speech. through Shabbat obser- for life’s gifts. 201 268 vance. See Shabbat for Purim salvation. 256 thousand years. 85 observance: testimony to for redemption from slavery. three. 204 creation of the universe 212 three meals on Shabbat. See testimony to God’s covenant for the grape vine. 319 Shabbat meals: three; with Jewish people. 105 for Torah. 210, 212 third meal thanking God. See also for whole and details. 376 throne of God. 387 appreciation; gratitude to for wine. 324 throne of Messiah. 299 God; praising God; song in blessing after the meal. Thursday. 57 of praise 201, 214, 224 tichel. 331 among believers. 286 theme in blessing after the time blessing after the meal as meal. 210 creation of. 107 means of. 224 with a blessing. 215 first Saturday night of. 185 directly. 215 theft, not saying blessing God as beyond. 34 for ability to eat and digest tantamount to. 395 holiness in. 24 food. 213 thinking about Torah. 133 redemption of Jewish people for ability to thank God. thinking on Shabbat. 147 beyond. 194 377 third2017 meal. JonathanSee also Shabbat G. Bresselseasonal - All hours. rights See reservedseasonal for agricultural produce.  meals hours 320 encompasses all three Shabbat as heart and soul of. for all goodness. 224 Shabbat meals. 155 35 for being our God. 376 name Shalosh Seudot. 155 story about. 243 for bread. 202 no kiddush at. 153 tisch. 154 for Chanukah salvation. prepared by God. 163 Tisha b’Av. 270 250, 252 solely for pleasure. 368 tithing. 43, 48, 49, 321 for circumcision. 210, 212 story about. See story about: toast, kiddush as a. 36 for commandments. 212 third meal togetherness, receiving for creation of mankind. two challot for. 153 blessing through. 232 268 why full meal not needed at. tongue full of kindness. 22 for creation of the world. 368 tongues filled with prayer and 267 this world. See also lower song of praise. 146, 194 for feeding the world. 206 world; physical world beauty of design in. xx

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright Torah. See also command- Torah — continued travel of Jewish people ments of God; Jewish Shabbat as opportunity for through desert. See Sinai education; mitzvah study of. 133 desert: travel of Jewish as flag of Jewish people. 280 Shabbat as prerequisite for people through as heritage. 288 accepting laws of. 38 treasure house of God. xvi, attempt of Greece to Shabbat first in list of 338 destroy. 251 holidays in. 38 treasure of Shabbat. xvi attempt of Homon to Sodom mentioned in. 197 treasured nation. See chosen destroy. 257 source of songs. 61 people; Jewish people better than honey. 168 tastes good even in long trees blessing after the meal term. 168 bear fruit monthly in future. commanded in. See teaching child art of 272 blessing after the meal: expressing. 72 bread growing on. See bread: Torah commandment teaching of. 293 growing on trees blessing bestowed upon thanking God for. 210, 212 thanking God for. 319 Jacob by. 122 the more consumed, the trees in desert hills. 146 blessing to achieve. See more enjoyed. 168 triple blessing blessing for Torah, thinking about. 133 associated with fish. 58 marriage, and good deeds through marriage. 265 via repetition three times. blueprint of the universe. xi versus rules. 376 165 commanded by Moses. 288 written by God. 135 troubled spirit. 90 commandments as explicit written in Hebrew language. troubles portion of. 288 xi escape from. 282 distinct quality of Jewish Torah discourse. 154 plea for avoiding on people. 210 Torah scholars Shabbat. 221 expression of God’s will. 139 Ephraim. 26 plea for help with. 218 first mention of holiness in. in Chanukah story. 252 Shabbat as escape from. 71 35 members of the palace. 162 true, God as. 79 given by God. 141, 288 wise ones. 135 trust in God. See also belief good. 238 Torah sermon. 154 and faith holy. 288 Torah study effect of. 240 in song. 365 2017at dining Jonathan table. 51 G. Bresselleads - All to rightsblessing. reserved 240 inner meaning. 288  at meal. 57, 354 prevents fear. 178 Jewish people’s acceptance Elijah the Prophet sent as ultimate. 383 of. 124, 143, 366 reward for. 231 trust of husband in Woman of lack of. 238 importance of. 26 Valor. 18 land of Israel merited outlawed by Syrian-Greeks. truth, universal. 240 through. 213 249, 251 tunes. See chassidic melodies; praise of land of Israel in. promotes wisdom. 133 singing and songs 318 torch as havdallah flame. 177 two. 204. See also pair procreation according to. torch of Jewish education. 4 (couple) 274 tower of strength. 236 tzitzit. 281, 282 pure. 288 tranquility and love. 236 quotations of. 236, 348 tranquility at Friday night U received at Mt. Sinai. 141, dining table. 60 142, 143 transliteration guide. 329 ultimate reward. 231 referred to as wisdom. 147 travel, limits on. xvi, 73, 102 understanding, future. 194

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright unhappiness. See also misery vegetables, blessing on. 313 washing the hands — avoiding on Shabbat. 153 ventures, blessing for success continued of Jewish people in exile. of. 228 blessing on. See blessing on 193 vine hand washing United States as metaphor. 145 bread specifically. 350 end of Shabbat in. 175 fruit of the. See blessing on by Kohen. 43, 44 time of candle lighting in. 3 wine; fruit; grapes; wine cup for. See hand washing time of nightfall in. 175 thanking God for. 319 cup unity vineyard drying the hands. See drying absent in angels and fertilized with blood of the hands mankind. 162 Roman victims. 224 interruptions regarding. See blessing received through. planted by Woman of Valor. interruptions 233 19 symbolism. 197 in numbers one and three. planting vine in. 145 water. See also washing the 204 symbolizes Jewish people hands of God. 162, 233, 387 and land of Israel. 145 essential. 326 of Jewish people. See Jewish violation of Shabbat. See for baking matzah. 242 people: unity Shabbat: desecration of not heating on Shabbat. 44 universe, the. See also world Virtuous One. 169 nourishes everything. 327 blueprint of. xi vision. See eyes praise of. 314 creation of. See creation of visitors streams quenching parched the universe discouraged in Sodom. 197 desert. 195 Creator of. 13 encouraged by Abraham and symbolizes salvation. 178 intrinsic language of. xi Sarah. 77 waters, calm. 165 number of stars in. See stars, voices, raising. 78, 226 waters of life. 272 number of volume measure. See measures waters, river. See river waters Shabbat as goal of. 2 volume of cup of wine. See wax candles for candle vast. 104, 360 cup of wine: volume of lighting. 4 woman of. 5 vowels. 329 ways of God. 194 upper world We will do and we will listen. levels of. 358 W 141 peace between this world 2017 Jonathan G. BresselWe will - RevereAll rights You. reserved66 and. 13 walking, limitations on. 73, wealth. See also income; reflection with lower world. 102, 356 money; possessions, 12 wandering nation. 143 material war, spoils of. 18 and poverty. 238 V warning about Shabbat as reward. 294 observance. See Shabbat inclination to sin. 229 valley as home to heritage. observance: cautioning lost. 238 122 about wealthy, the. 229 valley of the shadow of death. washing the hands weary, the. 141 166 adjustments for left-handed wedding. See also bride and valor (defined). 18 people. 44 groom; marriage Valor, Woman of. See Woman after the meal. 191, 197, canopies. 273. See also Adam of Valor 198 and Eve: wedding vav (the letter). 48 before the meal. 43 canopies of vegetable. 215 celebrating remotely. 258

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright wedding — continued weekdays — continued will of God — continued cup of wine at. 36 infused with holiness of Shabbat rest accords with. first of history. See Adam Shabbat. 139 220 and Eve: marriage of judgement process in force shapes Jewish people. 289 in garden of Eden. See on. 162 will, satisfaction of. 238 Adam and Eve: marriage lead to Shabbat. xvi winding down from Shabbat. of less holy than Shabbat. 176 187 in outskirts of Jerusalem. melaveh malka as acclima- winds blown by God. 209 273 tion to. 187 wine. See also cup of wine; joyous. 261 service of God on. 176 grapes; havdallah wine; of Adam and Eve. See Adam set apart from Shabbat. See kiddush and Eve: marriage of Shabbat: weekdays set adds honor to blessings. 36 seven blessings after apart from adds honor to Shabbat. 203 wedding meal. See seven Shabbat as king of. 236 alternatives to. 31, 100 blessings after wedding Shabbat bestows blessing as Shabbat pleasure. 136 meal upon. 5, 368 at Passover seder. 242 sounds of. 272 Shabbat lacks partner best of grape crop for. 36 story about. See story about among. 12 blessing on. See blessing on wedding symbolized by candle wine wedding meal, communal lighting. 341 bridges happiness to invitation at. 259 time for construction of weekdays. 176 weekday activities. See also Holy Temple. 104, 176 criteria of use for kiddush. business matters; creative time for development. 138 31, 100 work; weekdays welcome from God. 220 cup of. See cup of wine prohibition of. 133 welcoming of Jewish people. diluting. 347 proper arrangement of. 106 220 dipping fingers in. 187 separating from. xvi, 13, welfare, blessing for. 232 drinking at least a cheek- 102, 103, 133 wheat products, blessing after. full. 40 successful according to 318 extinguishing havdallah quality of rest on Shabbat. white bird, big. 138 flame in. 187 127 Who is the one?. 282 fermentation process. See taking mind off of. 106 wicked,2017 the.Jonathan 238 G. Bressel fermentation- All rights processreserved weekdays. See also business wicks first taste in life at circumci- matters; creative work; candle lighting. 4 sion. 274 six days; weekday havdallah. 177 free flowing. 176 activities wideness of hand of God. 218 God’s. 78 bridging happiness to. 176 wife. See spouse; woman happiness in this world. 101 distinct from Shabbat. See wife and husband. See bride havdallah. 176 Shabbat: weekdays set and groom most honored of drinks. 36 apart from will of creatures. 239 promotes concentration and energized by Shabbat. 35 will of God inspiration. 36 heralding arrival of. 176 expressed in Torah. 139 promotes happiness. See inaugurating with blessing. fulfillment of. 139 happiness: via wine 176 revelation of. 163 raises spiritual conscious- inferior to Shabbat. 69, 102 Shabbat pleasure accords ness. 36 influenced by Shabbat. 71 with. 61 sitting while drinking. 40 spills of, dealing with. 31

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright wine — continued woman of the universe. 5 world, the. See also universe, symbolism. 29, 36, 101, Woman of Valor. 17 the 176 defined. 18 created for God’s honor. 267 thanking God for. 324 possesses all possible praises. creation of. See creation of used for blessings. 36 17 the universe used in Jewish ceremonies. womb, fruit of one’s. 292 custodian of. 240 36 women. See also Jewish adult; detail in. xviii winepress, oppressors crushed man; mankind; men; effect of songs on. 61 in. 146 woman fed by God. See God: feeds wines, quality. 70 candle lighting specifically the world wisdom by. 3, 5 fed through mercy. 206 as crown. 146 in circumcision. See forces in. 229 form of prophecy. 147 circumcision: women in Holy Temple brings mouth open with. 22 in communal invitation. prosperity and blessing to. of God. 278 203 216 plea for. 293 praises of. 17 in text of blessings. xx practical teaching goes well tribute to. 17 mankind’s mission to with. 22 women’s plea for having manage. xvii Shabbat imparts soul with. children. 9 populating of. 265, 267 35 women’s plea for welfare of Radiance of. 168 Torah knowledge as. 147 the family. 8 real owner of. xvii Torah study promotes. 133 wool. 18, 20, 21 supervised by God after wise ones. See Torah scholars word of God creation. See God: with-all blessing, the. 232 certain to be fulfilled. 103, supervises world wolves, Jewish people as sheep 384 world, this. See this world amid. 225 existence through. 315 world to come woman. See also Jewish adult; words expressed via song. 61 as Shabbat. 105, 234, 341 man; mankind; men; work. See also creative work blessing for a taste of. 233 women completing in six days. See choosing. 105 behind every man. 21 six days: completing work crown in. 147 called a building. 269 in fragrance as semblance of. completes creation of man. freedom2017 from. Jonathan 145 G. Bressel182 - All rights reserved 268 unnecessary in Sinai desert. God rewards with. 234 created from man. 268 105 meriting to see. 235 created perfectly from the work week. See weekdays plea for. See plea for world start. 269 world, lower. See lower world to come creates man. 269 world, moral. 39 plea to avoid shame in. 228 creation of. 265 world of God pleasure of Shabbat one has greater power of name of God aggrandized sixtieth of pleasure of. 234 reasoning. 269 in. 252 pleasure on Shabbat leads helpmate. 269 perfection of. See perfection: to. 67 home revolves around. 17, of God’s world reward in. See reward: world 388 singing as celebration of. 13 to come mate of man. 268 world, physical. See physical symbolized by Shabbat. 74, number of limbs of. 341 world 138, 234, 338 repair for man. 269 world, spiritual. See spiritual via Shabbat. 105 woman, barren. 270 world yearning for. 125

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Sampler 20171022 - Copyright world, upper. See upper world Z worries and troubles separating from. See Zacharia the Prophet. 297 weekday activities: zemirot defined. 61 separating from Zion Shabbat as escape from. 71 captivity of. 194 Woman of Valor free of. 21 consolation of. 221 worship of Golden Calf. 124 dwelling place of God’s honor. 216, 320 Y exile of. 194 filled with charity. 81 Yavneh, city of. 224 happiness of. 270 year, new. See Rosh Hashana location of Holy Temple. 80 yearning to reach higher plea for mercy on. 216, 320 spiritual levels. 162 plea for restoration of. 216 years, a thousand. 85 return of Jewish people to. Yeshurun See return of Jewish defined. 280 people to land of Israel name of Jewish people. 261, seat of government of 280 Jerusalem. 377 Yiddish word (bentching). various meanings of. 216 191 Zion, city of. 119. See also Yiddish word (gefilte fish). 58 Jerusalem Yochonon the grand Kohen. city of God. 221 251 filling. 81 yoke on neck of Jewish singing and songs in. 81 people. 230 Zohar. See Jewish mysticism Yom Kippur. 135, 361, 362 young lions. 238

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