UNIVESITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

Agricultural Research Station, Siruguppa

Establishment Year: 1937

Brief Report of Agricultural Research Station, Siruguppa

Dr. Basavanneppa M.A. Chief Agronomist & Head Agricultural Research Station Siruguppa-583 121, Ballari (Dist.)

ARS Siruguppa Office Building

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HISTORY OF SIRUGUPPA AGRICULTURE RESEARCH STATION

Agricultural Research station, Siruguppa is located at 760.54” East Longitude, 150-38” North Latitude and at an elevation of 380 meters from MSL. The station is situated in northern Dry zone (Region II, zone-3). The ceded districts of , Anantapur and And the Nizam district of Raichur are often famine stricken due to low and improperly distributed rainfall, the average rainfall being only 550-600mm mm from July to October in about 40 rainy days. In order to offer permanent relief from recurring famines, water of the Tungabhdra river was harnessed to provide irrigation for these districts by constructing a multipurpose dam at Mallapuram near across the river. The water was letout into the right bank low level canal on 1-7-1953. The quality of water is excellent considering the sodium and salt content. The electrical conductivity of the water varies from 0.1 to 0.4 m mhos/cm and the SAR is about 1.20. The major portion of the region is composed of a basement of an archean complex of granites and gneisses, of types containing, mainly quartz, feldspar, and mica. The feldspars themselves may be of soda lime or potash types. The soils in the zone are mostly black soils(80%) and red and mixed soils (20%). The black soils contain 48% clay. The soils are rich in lime and possess desirable Base Exchange capacity. pH varies from 8.0 to 9.5. Of the 80% of black soils, 60% are deep soils (8-10 feet); of these, 35% are without gypsum and 25% with gypsum. The shallow black soils (1.5 - 4 feet) form the remaining 20% out of which 18% are without gypsum and 2% are with gypsum. Where gypsum is present the salt concentration is as high as 1.5 to 2.0%. The surface soil contains about 0.1% salts, the toxic limit being 0.2%. So it was feared that these black soils if irrigated might turn alkaline in due course as in the case of the Nira valley scheme of Bombay. The soil survey revealed that the top three feet (crop rooting zone) are free from the concentration of harmful salts while subsoils below three feet are found to contain salts at harmful levels.

Land use pattern

Sl. No. Details of the total area of the Area farm (ha) 1 Total area of the farm 76.90 (192.25 acres) 2 Cultivable area 60.00 (150 acres ) 3 Area under irrigation 20.00 (50 acres ) 4 Dry land area 40.00 (100 acres) 6 Area under roads, buildings canals 16.00 (40 acres ) 6 Others (Ponds) 0.90 (2.25 acres )

Objectives of the Research station:  Development of need based cropping sequences for the TBP area.  To develop Integrated Farming System Model for enhanced system productivity, profitability and sustainability for small farmers of TBP area.  To undertake the major crops (Bajra, redgram, chickpea, millets etc.) seed production

 To undertake the research on organic farming  Monitoring the long term effects of fertilizer application in selected cropping system on soil fertility and yield.  Development of integrated weed management practices for selected crops/crop sequences.  On farm testing of technologies developed on crops/ crop sequences on the farmers fields  Capacity building of stakeholders in IFS through appropriate trainings.

Research Accomplishments:

 When the inputs are adequte, Jowar-Wheat-Jowar sequence produced highest total grain production. The productivity ranged from 7.43(in 1984-86) to 9.93 t/ha(in 1990-91).

 The maximum net return was obtained with Green gram-relay Hybrid cotton - Sunflower( Rs.18,662/ha/yr) followed by Jowar - Bengalgram - Jowar sequence(Rs.14,257/ha/yr). The highest build up of nitrogen was in Jowar- Bengalgram- Jowar (283.1 kg/ha) sequence followed by Redgram-Jowar sequence(260.4kg/N/ha).  In another crop sequence, when inputs are adequate, Hybrid maize-Bengalgram sequence gave maximum net return of Rs.16,251/ha/yr. This was followed by Sunflower-Bengalgram (Rs.13,075/ha/yr) and Maize-Wheat sequence(Rs.12583/ha/yr)

 In Rice based crop sequences Rice-Rice sequence gave maximum net return of Rs.14,385/ha/yr;followed by Rice-Mustard, Rice-Sunflower, Rice- Bengalgram, Rice-Wheat, and Rice-Maize sequence, which gave net return of Rs.13958,Rs. 13895,Rs.12814, Rs.12172, and Rs.10245/ha/yr respectively.

 For localization (Kharif-irrigated:rabi-rainfed) area, Hybrid Maize-Bengalgram sequence was best(4498kg/ha/yr and grain production per day was 21.1kg). This was followed by Maize-Wheat and Maize-Safflower.

 For localization (Kharif-rainfed rabi-irrigated) area, Sunflower-Wheat sequence produced highest total grain yield(2302kg/ha) and grain yield per day(12.4kg).This was followed by Sunflower-Bengalgram and Sunflower- Safflower sequence. Sunflower-Bengalgram sequence gave highest net return of Rs.11,685/ha/yr and benefit cost ratio of Rs.4.80:1.

 Under crop diversification system, paddy-ridgegourd –susbenia incorporation is the most productive system with total rice equivalent yield (11471 kg/ha), net returns (Rs. 218661/ha), system profitability (Rs 536.42/ha/day) and B:C ratio(2.28). The next best system was paddy- coriander compared to existing cropping system of rice-rice in TBP area of . Besides, there was improvement in the soil properties viz., Organic carbon, available nitrogen, Phosphorus and potassium

 The results of long range effect of continuous cropping and manuring on soil fertility and yield stability in maize-wheat system revealed that balanced fertilizer of NPK (120:80:40 kg NPK/ha) recorded the higher total maize equivalent yield (9550 kg/h) and system productivity (26.33kg/ha) for realization of sustainable productivity and soil fertility (NPK & S contents). In addition, there was improvement in the soil properties.

 In Maize-bengalgram system under tillage and crop residue management practices, results revealed that irrespective of tillage and crop management practices application of 150:75:37.5 kg NPK/ha+25 kg S/ha registered higher total maize equivalent yield (13431 kg/ha) and system productivity (36.81 kg/ha/day) compared to rest of the fertilizer management practice.

 Under tillage and weed management in rice-sunflower cropping system, results showed that, wet cultivation and puddling in kharif with integrated weed management practices produced significantly superior rice equivalent yield(8802 kg/ha) with system productivity of 24.12 kg/ha compared to rest of the weed management practices under irrigated condition

 Organic farming in high value rice-sesamum cropping system indicated that, application of 100 % NPK + secondary and micro nutrients based on soil test, recorded highest rice equivalent yield (5071 kg/ha), system productivity (13.89 kg/ha), gross returns (Rs. 88248/ha), B:C ratio(2.38) and system profitability(Rs.139.92/ha/day) and it was closely followed by 50 % NPK+ 50% N (through FYM) + inorganic micronutrients. Similar trend was also observed in the uptake of N, P and K.

 The data for six years i.e. from 2011-12 to 2016-17 revealed that the higher System Equivalent Yield (SEY) of 29.05 t/ha was observed during 2014-15 when compared to initial year of 2011-12(10.75 kg/ha). There was three fold increases in SEY (29.05 kg/ha) during 2015-16 when compared to initial year (10.75 kg/ha). The average SEY of the IFS model was 21.48 t/h.

Technologies generated from the station: 1. Adaptation of SIRI-1253 paddy variety during 2012-13 2. Foliar spray of KNO3 in Bt cotton under irrigated condition in 2011-12 3. Transplanting technique in Bt cotton under irrigated condition in 2012-13 4. Response of Bt cotton to split application of nutrients under irrigated condition in 2013-14 5. Development of 1 ha IFS model under irrigated condition in 2013-14 6. Nutrient management in maize-chickpea sequence in 2015-16 7. Management of leaf reddening in cotton 8. Nutrient management in cotton

Scientist details:

Sl.No. Name of the Scientist Designation e-mail Phone No. 1 Dr. Basavanneppa M.A. Chief Agronomist and basavanneppa6@gmail. 9480696333 Head, ARS, Siruguppa com 2 Dr. Ashok Kumar Gaddi. Junior Soil Scientist and [email protected] 94806963222 Farm Superintendent 3 Dr. Prabhuling Tevari Junior Economist [email protected] 8050398597

Awards received for the station 1. Best Agricultural Research Station Award during 2010-11 by University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 2. Best Agricultural Scientist, awarded by Star of Bellary, Siruguppa 3. State level Dr. H. Narsimhaiah award for contribution to Agriculture recieved on 29.3.2017 from Dr. Subhash Bharni Vedike and Sanshkriti Prakashan, Ballari. 4. Jeevana Jagrati Krishi Mitra Award presented by Jeevana Jagrati Sanste, Siruguppa received on 28.4.2017 5. State level Basava Bhushana award for contribution to Agriculture received on 20.8.2017 from Basava Balaga Trust, Siruguppa. 6. Bharat Ratna Dr. Abdul Kalam Gold medal Award presented by GEBRA, New Delhi on 15.10.2017 at Chennai. 7. Basavaratna National award presented on 21.1.2018 by Sri. Basaveshwara Karmaveera Kala Sahitya Vedike, Vijapur 8. Krishi Koushalya Seva Award presented on 13.2.18 by Siri Samskritika samste, Siruguappa 9. Adarsh Vidya Saraswati Rashrtriya Purskar award by Global Management Council Ahmedabad on 02.02.2018 10. National level Best Scientist Award presented on 18.3.2018 by EET-CSR, Noida, UP 11. Jagdaguru Panchachary Sri state level award presented by Jagdaguru Shivachary Shool, Hipparagi, Jamakhandi(Tq) on 05.4.2018 12. KayakaShri award presented by Halumatha Samaja, Siruguppa, Ballari(Dist), Karnataka 13. Ksrishi Rushi award presented by Sri Marishivayogi Matha, Halekote, Siruguppa, Ballari(Dist), Karnataka on 15.4.2018 14. Scientist of the year 2019 presented by Society for scientific development in Agriculture and Technology, at Bangkok, on 28.1.2020.

Best Agricultural Research Station during 2010-11 from UAS, Raichur

Dr. H. Narasimhaiah award from Subhash Bharni Vedike, Ballari