The Plan

The Plan 3 Minimal Impact

The Plan 56

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

PLAN OVERVIEW DECLARATION OF PURPOSE The Declaration of Purpose defines the The Plan Section establishes the long- purpose of the Park. A declaration of range purpose and vision for the purpose is required by the Public management of Santa Susana Pass Resource Code, Section 5002.2 (b), State Historic Park. Specific goals and and “setting forth specific long-range guidelines denoted within this Section management objectives for the Park set the framework for the desired consistent with the Park’s resource conditions and visitor classification...” experiences for the Park. These goals and guidelines will provide A Declaration of Purpose for the Park management guidance for the was created by the Santa Susana Pass management zones that are being State Historic Park General Plan team: proposed for the Park (refer to page 91 The purpose of Santa Susana Pass for Management Zones). Specific State Historic Park is to preserve and facilities and capacities are not being explore crucial links, both to provided but rather the general California’s past and to dwindling direction for the protection, wildlife habitats, while providing preservation, restoration, and visitors with quality recreational and development of the Park are addressed. educational experiences along its As time passes, with the advancement historic trails. of technology and the discovery of new resource information, this Framed by sculptural sandstone document will remain flexible, escarpments reminiscent of early allowing future managers to use the California, the Park’s boulder-strewn 57 latest technology and resource landscape contains significant natural information available to meet current and cultural resources. Among these circumstances and visitor-use patterns. are critical wildlife habitats and linkages, segments of a historic Additional management actions will be Overland Stagecoach route, and other determined by future management evidence of human occupation and plans. activity dating back to precontact Tentatively identified management times. plans include: Although named for the historic stage • Climbing Management Plan route, Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park also offers links to many • Fire Management Plan (update existing Plan) historic features within the greater Los Angeles Basin. In addition, the Park • Camping Management Plan will solidify the vital role California • Interpretive Master Plan State Parks has in maintaining diverse • Cultural Resource Management plant and wildlife populations in the Plan face of expanding urban development • Collections Management Plan and habitat fragmentation in southern California’s Transverse Mountain Ranges.

The Plan Its open space is a valuable resource damage or the irreversible loss of as well as a welcoming sanctuary with sensitive habitat or species, and outstanding recreational potential and qualities that provide a desirable links to adjacent open spaces. visitor experience. Land management actions will be PARKWIDE MANAGEMENT based on sound scientific data. GOALS AND GUIDELINES However, if such data do not currently The following sections contain goals exist and resource integrity appears in and guidelines for managing the imminent danger, management action significant natural resources of the will be taken with the best available Park. A few sections have over-arching information and expertise of park staff goals that apply to several subsections. and other associated experts. For example, Vegetation Management PHYSICAL RESOURCE includes Native Plant Communities MANAGEMENT and Sensitive Plant Species. Each subsection will have guidelines that Geology relate to the over-arching goal and to The Park’s geology is a direct result of that specific subsection. its geological history and tectonism. Essential to the realization of these Further documentation and goals is the periodic assessment of the preservation of fragile geological status and conditions of key resources formations is important, and care must recognized as requiring protection and be taken to maintain their integrity. management within the Park. The 58 Goal: Protect and preserve the unique California Department of Parks and geological resources and Recreation has recently devised a features of the Park. process to assess the conditions of environmental complexes within units Guidelines: of the CDPR system, referred to as the 1. Support efforts to geologically map Environmental Condition Assessment the stratigraphy and lithological (ECA) process under the auspices of formations and structural features the natural resource Inventory, in the Park. Management plans and Monitoring, and Assessment Program decisions with respect to facilities and the Resource Management development and visitor access and Program. In order to assure that natural recreation must recognize, and resource management goals for the accordingly mitigate, negative Park are reached, this process should impacts to fragile geological be implemented to supplement the features. baseline data that were developed prior to this General Plan. 2. Identify and monitor significant geological features. Take protective Land management decisions are measures where necessary. complex, and detailed site-specific data are often unavailable. However, 3. Adequately and professionally lack of, or delay of management manage and care for the geological actions for intensive studies or collections. additional data can result in costly

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

4. Promote a better understanding and pollutants, and restore natural flow greater appreciation of the and hydrological processes. geological resources of the Park. 3. Address strategies for stabilization a. Develop criteria that identify and topographic restoration of geological features and severely eroded features and areas. resources appropriate for public NATURAL RESOURCES interpretation. MANAGEMENT b. Analyze geological resources and data to best interpret the The present rate of decline and geological history of the Park. extinction of plants and animals supports the current global biodiversity c. Develop partnerships with crisis hypothesis. California has the universities to further scientific greatest number of threatened and research and educational endangered species in the continental opportunities. Incorporate U.S. representing nearly every results from scientific research taxonomic group, from plants and into geological resource invertebrates to birds, mammals, fish, management. amphibians, and reptiles. The South Hydrology Coast Ecoregion of California has been Surface and groundwater quality, identified as a “hot-spot,” or region quantity, and natural hydrological where extraordinary biodiversity and patterns are essential elements for endemism overlap with extreme healthy biota in the Park. Much of the potential of habitat destruction when biota and many sensitive species compared to other regions around the 59 throughout this region depend on earth. isolated surface or subsurface waters. CDPR has recently developed a Goal: Protect, enhance, and restore process to assess the conditions of the Park’s potential wetlands environmental complexes within units and hydrologic resources. of the CDPR system. The Inventory, Monitoring, and Assessment Program Guidelines: (IMAP) provides goals, guidance, and standards for CDPR’s efforts to 1. Protect the surface water and groundwater of the Park. systematically evaluate the vegetation, wildlife, and physical natural resources 2. Identify the sources that degrade of the CDPR system. In order to assure water quality and quantity within that natural resource management the watersheds associated with the goals for the Park are reached, this Park. Ensure that current and future process should be implemented to park developments and visitor-use supplement the baseline data that were patterns do not degrade water developed prior to this General Plan. quality and quantity. Pursue cooperative actions with watershed Vegetation Management neighbors and users to improve Historical management practices such water conservation ethics, reduce as fire suppression and human or eliminate the discharge of encroachment have changed the species composition and ecological

The Plan conditions of native plant communities maintaining the protection of in the Park. Prior to the Topanga Fire cultural landscapes and resources. in 2005, fire suppression had caused Efforts also will address the dense growth in chaparral and coastal conservation of sensitive and sage scrub vegetation communities. unique species and the control of Although most of the vegetation exotic invasive species management concerns, goals, and Sensitive Plant Species guidelines are the same throughout the entire Park, consideration must be Numerous plants that inhabit the Santa made for those areas that are Susana Mountains are specifically recognized and/or recorded as cultural adapted to these mountains and the landscapes. The vegetation isolating effects of urban development management guidelines for native that present barriers to the movement plant communities and cultural of plant seeds, bulbs, and plantlets. landscapes are discussed within this Because of their limited distribution, section to illustrate the differences in environmental requirements, and often management and resource protection. because of human impacts, these species become rare, threatened, or Native Plant Communities endangered. Seven native vegetation communities Goal: Promote and restore the were identified within the Park. These sustainability of sensitive plant vegetation communities are essential species. habitat for many plant and wildlife species. Within the Park, sensitive Guidelines: 60 wetland resources are very limited in 1. Protect sensitive plant species, size. They are easily-disturbed habitats including those that are legally upon which many other plant and listed under federal and state laws wildlife resources directly depend. as rare, threatened, or endangered, Goal: Promote and restore the sustain- or that are species of concern. In ability of native plant addition, CDPR will protect those communities. species that meet the legal requirements for listing, but are not Guidelines: listed (i.e., California Native Plant 1. Develop scientifically based Society List 1B taxa and the federal vegetation management objectives candidates for listing), and those for issues such as habitat considered locally sensitive or restoration and prescribed fire endemic to the area. Protection may management; include, but is not limited to, habitat preservation, seed banking, 2. Seek partnerships with neighboring jurisdictions, when appropriate, to restoration and enhancement, and implement a congruent plan for visitor education. restoring and preserving park 2. Actively manage plant community health. health and development, while maintaining the protection of 3. Actively manage plant community health and development, while cultural landscapes and resources. Efforts also will address the

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

conservation of sensitive and unique species and the control of exotic invasive species 3. Implement additional sensitive plant surveys as funding becomes available to find previously unknown sensitive plant populations within the Park. 4. Conduct regular monitoring of known populations of sensitive species to track population trends and health through time. Consider propagation and reintroduction programs with the consultation and assistance of research institutions and other government agencies. Scenic View Projects may require the formation of inter-agency partnerships to plan Invasive exotics pose a threat to native and implement conservation species and usually proliferate in the actions. absence of natural ecological processes, often out-competing native 5. Avoid or minimize human activities that cause imbalances in plants for valuable resources. the natural ecological system. The Santa Susana Mountains are 61 Alternatively, conduct management known to harbor exotic plant taxa, and activities, such as habitat some have altered the ecological restoration, that foster ecological processes characteristic of that region. balance. Exotic plant taxa can be spread by a Goal: Develop and implement a variety of users and activities. scientifically sound protocol for Measures can be taken to minimize sensitive plant surveys. this and can result in a significant reduction in the introduction and Guidelines: spread of exotic species throughout the Park. 1. Conduct sensitive plant surveys as part of the environmental review Equestrian riders can increase the process for future projects. threat and spread of exotic plants within the Park. Seed is spread when it 2. Make it a priority to avoid or minimize cumulative negative is carried in animals’ fur and when effects on sensitive plant animals eliminate it after ingesting it in populations and their habitats. their food. Evidence exists that pack animal solid waste contributes to the Exotic Plant Control introduction and spread of exotic plant Generally an invasive exotic plant is a species in addition to contributing to species that is not known to have nuisance insect species along trails. occurred previously in an area. Furthermore, removing as much as possible of the animals’ solid waste

The Plan along trails can significantly reduce the and historic or ethnographic features. introduction and spread of exotic Cultural landscapes require multi- species. Additionally, mountain bikes disciplinary management to preserve contribute to the spread of exotic their integrity. species when seeds are carried in bike Guidelines: tires and on riders’ clothes. Measures can be taken to help prevent this. 1. Preserve cultural landscapes while undertaking goals to restore natural Goal: Reduce the presence and further processes of the Park ecosystem. invasion of exotic species in the Environmental regulatory pro- Park. cedures used to evaluate natural Guidelines: resource management techniques (e.g., prescribed fire) prior to 1. Develop an exotic plant species management plan and be vigilant program implementation, will seek about identifying, monitoring, and to avoid or minimize negative controlling exotic plant infestations impacts to cultural resources. that pose a threat to native habitat. 2. California Department of Parks and Monitoring and control efforts may Recreation staff, including park require cooperative work with operations specialists, environ- neighboring landowners, including mental scientists, and cultural various local, state, and federal specialists, will work cooperatively government agencies. to manage the Park’s cultural landscapes. 2. Adopt a policy congruent with 62 federal agencies like the NPS, to 3. Provide interpretation for visitors evaluate regulations to reduce of the Park’s cultural landscapes exotic introduction. The exotic that addresses the interrelationship plant species management plan will of the associated natural and address the ability of bikes, horses, cultural features. and other pack animals to carry and Wildlife spread exotic plant seed throughout the Park. Removal of solid waste Numerous wildlife species, including should be further examined within amphibians, reptiles, birds, and this management plan for their mammals make their homes in impact on the spread of exotic plant association with particular plant taxa. communities, geology, or hydrological characteristics. Within native eco- 3. Develop interpretation for Park systems, the presence of people and visitors explaining how exotics, associated food, trash, and develop- like mustard and thistle, have ment can sustain and enhance altered the Santa Susana Mountains populations of some species at the landscape, ecology, and fire expense of other species, thus regime. upsetting the natural ecological Cultural Landscapes balance. Cultural landscapes are geographic Goal: Perpetuate wildlife assemblages areas containing a variety of natural by protecting, restoring, and

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

interpreting the native terrestrial other levels of biological and aquatic animals within the organization may be more Park. appropriate units of conservation. Guidelines: Manage for subspecies, evolutionary units, ecologically 1. Avoid or minimize human functional units, populations, activities that cause imbalances in metapopulations, biological natural ecological dynamics. landscapes, or other levels of Alternatively, conduct management biological organization if those activities, such as habitat appear to be the most practical restoration, that foster ecological units for conserving biodiversity. balance. Incorporate proactive and protective treatment for rare and 2. Use sound methods of resource management to evaluate the need declining species into park for individual animal or population stewardship and planning in regulation. Necessary to the accordance with CDPR’s mission regulation process is the and regional habitat conservation development of specific planning efforts. Habitat management plans or programs that conservation planning efforts such incorporate habitat modification as those adopted by local agencies, and visitor education as the first manage for multiple species within means of population regulation. For identified habitats to enhance example, CDPR can prevent the overall ecological goals. development of “nuisance 4. Ensure that the conservation of 63 behavior” by providing wildlife- native wildlife is incorporated into proof garbage receptacles in any all future developments, proposed campgrounds and picnic management plans, and visitor-use areas, and educating visitors about patterns throughout the Park, and not feeding wildlife and the proper that the protection of sensitive storage of camp food. Direct species and habitats receives the regulation will be carried out in highest priority. accordance with the Department Operations Manual. Population 5. Actively incorporate inventory and regulation activities will be subject monitoring efforts into land to environmental review, and management actions. A major disturbance to non-target native focus will be to quantify trends in species and other features will be species distribution and abundance, avoided or minimized. to document correlations between land management actions and biotic 3. Identify situations where native health, and to identify sensitive species are rare or rapidly declining species and habitats. Management and develop methods to protect strategies will be developed to such species and/or their habitats as counteract declines or loss of native stewards of the Park’s resources. biota if those declines are the result Be proactive in biological of human actions and appear to conservation and not necessarily indicate a compromised native focus on species management when species or ecological system.

The Plan Sensitive Animal Species Exotic Animal Control Goal: Protect all sensitive wildlife Nonnative animal species have been species occurring in the Park. shown to exert pressure on native Sensitive wildlife species species through predation and out- include those legally listed competing them for resources. under federal and state law as Although this is not currently a major threatened or endangered, those issue at the Park, it may become more that are CDFG species of problematic as development in the area concern, and those considered increases. For example, domesticated locally sensitive or endemic to or feral cats and nonnative cowbird are the area. generally known to have a negative Guidelines: effect on native bird populations. Guidelines: 1. Preserve sensitive species and habitats and encourage their 1. Work to control exotic animals that recovery. Comply with state and are found to upset natural federal environmental legislation, ecological dynamics of native Recovery Plans, and Critical species. Habitat enacted to protect this 2. Conduct regular monitoring of disappearing biota. Contribute to exotic species to track the spread of efforts that seek to “list” species ecologically damaging organisms. that are in need of threatened or This may require cooperative work endangered designation, and work with neighboring landowners, 64 to extend Critical Habitat to including government agencies like appropriate regions within the Park. the NPS. 2. Conduct regular monitoring of Fire Management sensitive species to track the health and sustainability of sensitive Until Europeans settled the area, fire animal populations in the Park. ignited by lightning and brush burning Projects may require the formation by Native Americans were major of interagency partnerships to plan forces that shaped and maintained the and implement conservation health of plant communities. Before actions. suppression, fire cycles promoted regeneration by opening the shrub 3. Protect sensitive habitats and canopy and reducing plant species from visitor uses such as competition, burning off duff and litter equestrian activity, mountain to expose soil for seed germination, biking, hiking, and other visitor reducing insect pests and disease that uses not yet established in the Park. kill woody plants, and aiding in These activities will be nutrient recycling. In general, fire appropriately planned for within suppression has caused the these habitats or in association with development of dense vegetation, these species such that the integrity heavy loads of fuel and in some of the habitat and the sensitive situations the unchecked invasion of species is given highest priority. exotic weeds.

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

Wildfire management is essential for Additionally, CDPR will work human safety and the minimization of cooperatively with other agencies and catastrophic fire damage to vegetation, strive to assist with fire management wildlife, and cultural resources of the goals that provide a level of protection Park. Historic fire suppression, for both park lands and neighboring methods of wildfire control, and the development through the placement of use of prescribed fire as a management adequate buffers located outside of the tool are important park management Park’s boundaries, particularly for new issues. Fire suppression and a lack of development projects. prescribed burning has created a Goal: Promote use of prescribed fire situation where natural lighting fires while protecting people, arising within the Park are continually infrastructure development from extinguished by local fire suppression catastrophic wildfire. agencies out of fear for the safety of the neighboring communities. Today, Guidelines: wildfires fed by these high fuel loads 1. Form cooperative partnerships with and under dry, hot, or windy state and federal agencies, and conditions are a threat to development research institutions/organizations and human safety. to develop scientifically sound Today, prescribed fires are used as a objectives and methodology for management tool to eliminate exotic prescribed burning. weeds from native habitats, promote 2. Communicate CDPR’s prescribed the growth of native plant species, and fire methodology and intention to enhance wildlife habitat. Prescribed conduct burns to the public. In 65 burning is the planned application of addition, fire’s role in maintaining fire implemented under safe weather a healthy ecosystem will be conditions to restore healthy interpreted for the Park’s visitors. ecosystems and reduce the risk of catastrophic wildfires. By 3. Take educational and preventative reintroducing fire cycles to the measures with the public to ecosystem, healthy landscape-level minimize the risk of wildfires ecological dynamics are restored. originating within and adjacent to the Park. Coordination with California Department of Forestry (CDF) and 4. Work with other appropriate local fire agencies is an important government agencies to implement element in the Park’s fire management wildfire management in the Park. strategy. CDPR will continue past Pertinent issues include methods of cooperation with these agencies during evacuation and infrastructure fire events and share expertise protection, modified fire incorporating the Park’s fire data with suppression, and post-fire clean up those from other agencies into the and restoration procedures to meet Park’s Geographic Information System CDPR management goals and (GIS) database. CDPR will also sensitive resource protection. coordinate with CDF and local fire Goal: Manage for fire cycles and fire agencies when the Park’s Wildfire management actions that Management Plan is updated.

The Plan promote healthy ecological prescribed fire, fire suppression and systems supportive of native fire containment, and post-fire biota. clean up and restoration Guidelines: procedures. 6. If consistent with the Department 1. Avoid or minimize damage to sensitive resources before, during, Operations Manual and other and following prescribed burns. policies consider post-fire Form cooperative partnerships with restoration of the Park’s natural state and federal agencies, and resources in order to minimize research institutions and further damage to the watershed organizations to develop and ecosystem. For example, scientifically sound objectives and seeding with nonnative species is methodology for prescribed not allowed. burning. 7. In the event of a wildfire, implement suppression methods 2. Pursue a greater understanding of the relationship between wildfire, appropriate to the different prescribed fire, fire suppression, vegetative communities and terrain. fire control, and the ecological 8. Avoid or minimize damage to systems of the region. sensitive resources while imple- menting wildfire management. Fire 3. Pursue fire management techniques that promote ecologically sound fighting crews, equipment, and firebreaks or “buffer zones” (see chemicals can inadvertently 66 Appendix D) between the Park and damage natural and cultural the neighboring communities. In resources during and following fire cases where the adjacent land is fighting activities. currently developed or is planned Wildfire for improvement, the footprint of In general, fire suppression has caused these “buffer zones” should be the development of dense shrublands implemented outside of the Park’s with much downed wood, heavy layers boundaries. of litter and duff, and, in some 4. Avoid damage to sensitive situations, the unchecked invasion of resources before, during, and exotic weeds. Today, wildfires fed by following prescribed burns. Public these high fuel loads and under dry, safety will be ensured through hot, or windy conditions are a threat to notification of intent to burn and development and human safety. compliance with appropriate Wildfire management is essential for prescribed burn guidelines. human safety and the minimization of catastrophic fire damage to vegetation, 5. Work with CDF and other appropriate agencies and groups to wildlife, and cultural resources in Santa ensure that the sensitive resources Susana Pass State Historic Park. within the Park are incorporated However, some wildfire management into regional wildfire management activities during suppression and post- plans and actions. Pertinent topics fire cleanup may also cause damage to to be discussed include methods of the Park’s resources.

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

Guidelines: or altitudinal), and dispersal habitat for juveniles. Corridors can function at 1. Take educational and preventative measures with the public to various temporal and spatial scales. minimize the risk of wildfires Temporally, it allows for both daily originating within the Park. and seasonal movements as well as movements over many generations. 2. Work with other appropriate Spatially, corridors can function on government agencies to implement regional, landscape/ecosystem (land- wildfire management in the Park. scape size can vary), or at smaller scale Pertinent issues include methods of such as home range. evacuation and infrastructure pro- tection, modified fire suppression, Though natural landscapes have an and post-fire cleanup and restor- inherent degree of connectivity, recent ation procedures to meet CDPR (past 50 years) habitat alteration has management goals and sensitive greatly reduced this connectivity. resource protection. Establishing connections between isolated or fragmented habitat patches 3. Participate in municipal planning, is essential for sustaining natural zoning, and permitting in ecological processes, population cooperation with city and county viability, and biological diversity. The governments and local landowners Park functions as part of a regional for issues like development, bio-corridor complex. South Coast vegetation, watershed, and wildfire Wildlands, working with CDPR and management. other federal, state, and local agencies has identified Santa Susana Pass as a 4. Implement suitable wildfire 67 suppression methods appropriate to major dispersal corridor for numerous the different vegetative commun- wildlife and plant species. ities and terrain. Only two locations exist where undeveloped land occurs on opposite 5. Fire fighting crews, equipment, and chemicals can inadvertently sides of SR 118. One is at the west end damage natural and cultural of Simi Valley and the second with resources during and following fire Rocky Peak Park located north of fighting activities. Avoid or SR 118 and Corriganville Park and minimize damage to sensitive Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park resources while implementing located south of SR 118. wildfire management. Mountain lions are known to use the Biocorridors Corriganville equestrian tunnel to cross SR 18 from Rocky Peak Park into Biocorridors or linkages are intercon- Corriganville Park and potentially east nected tracts of land characterized by into Santa Susana Pass State Historic significant natural resource value Park. Two lions were collared and through which native species can monitored by the National Park disperse. Corridors provide pathways Service and both of these lions were for gene flow, seed dispersal, daily observed (via radio telemetry) using movement between habitats (home the Corriganville wildlife tunnel at range movements), migration (seasonal least 18 times.

The Plan To maintain the function of this Department of Parks and Recreation to passageway as a wildlife linkage, any acquire property from willing sellers. improvements to park facilities should Goal: Maintain and enhance the be low impact such as no night movement and dispersal of lighting, retaining dirt parking lots, no native animals and plants fencing that block large mammal through the Park and the movements through the Park, and regional ecosystems. limited day-use facilities. Guidelines: The Santa Susana Pass Wash is culverted under SR 118 just east of the 1. Maintain high standards for caretaker’s residence at the ecosystem health and biodiversity KidsFutureNow! parcel and is by protecting plant and animal approximately 500 feet long. This habitat and dispersal corridors in wildlife passageway is used frequently the Park. by raccoons to cross under SR 118 but 2. Coordinate with local communities, is not appropriate to accommodate county, state, and federal agencies, large mammals. This site would be an research institutions, and relevant excellent corridor if improvements organizations to develop an were to be made such as removal of ecologically sound regional bio- the current corrugated metal pipe corridor system. In addition, CDPR culvert and replacement with a large will discourage urban, suburban, natural bottomed box culvert which and infrastructure planning that would allow for passage of medium to does not consider, through 68 large size mammals. avoidance or mitigation, the Facilitating the movement of plants degradation and fragmentation of and animals within the Park and habitat. throughout the region outside of the 3. Promote coordination and actively Park is imperative to preserving work with other agencies and natural ecosystem dynamics and property owners to acquire or regional biodiversity. California secure land acquisitions to ensure Department of Parks and Recreation key biocorrdiors are preserved or will continue to support and work enhanced. towards the preservation, protection, enhancement, and identification of 4. Promote natural resource regional landscape linkages that preservation by recognizing the connect the Park to other wildland importance of sustainable species areas. California Department of Parks populations and their genetic and Recreation will advocate the diversity. Inventory and monitoring protection of key parcels within of the Park’s natural resources and identified landscape linkages through human impacts will be done at acquisition or other conservation regular intervals to assess and mechanisms, and incorporate document the health of species that departmental defensive planning rely on large areas to live, hunt, and policies for projects that decrease the disperse. Furthermore, CDPR will viability of such landscape linkages. It participate with government is a standard practice of California

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

agencies and research institutions 3. Form partnerships with neighbors, in regional resource monitoring. public agencies, and private businesses to plant native or non- 5. Interpret the ecological significance of biocorridors, with emphasis on invasive horticultural plant species the Park and the surrounding region in the vicinity of the Park. for Park visitors. CULTURAL RESOURCES Buffers Archaeological Sites (Prehistoric Buffers, such as dedicated municipal and Historic) open space, are relatively low-use Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park areas between adjacent development includes 46 recorded archaeological and park boundaries. Buffers separate resources. Ten of these sites fall within conflicting land uses, like residential the National Register boundaries for and park lands, and protect natural the stage route and its associated habitats from destructive impacts. features and landscape. The stage route Some types of land use outside of the was also declared Los Angeles City Park’s boundaries cause significant Historical Cultural Monument #92, negative impacts to the Park. Impacts Ventura County Historical Land- may include exotic species invasion; mark #104, and a California State the spread of wildfire; air, soil, and Point of Historical Interest. Other sites water pollution; noise pollution; within the Park are potentially eligible predation and competition for for inclusion on the National Register resources by domestic pets; and the and/or the California Register of loss of habitat for plants and animals Historical Resources, or hold highly 69 that spread outside the boundaries of sensitive resources, such as burials, the Park. cremations, and rock formations. Several historical archaeological sites Goal: As regional development pres- are also located within the Park and sures increase, establish, reflect the various historical land uses maintain, and protect buffers of the Santa Susana Pass area (also see adjacent to the Park. Historic Resources below). Guidelines: Goal: Identify, document, and evaluate archaeological 1. Plan with neighboring land and business owners, communities, and resources within Santa Susana city, county, state, and federal Pass State Historic Park. agencies to develop and maintain a Guidelines: buffer system along the outer edge of the Park’s boundaries. 1. Develop an ongoing program for archaeological survey, site 2. Work with the above constituents recordation and evaluation, GPS to minimize threats of wildfire in mapping, and preparation of the community and maximize the records and reports for the cultural value of local pollution control and resources within the Park. education programs. 2. Nominate those cultural resources that may be eligible for inclusion in

The Plan the existing National Register Native Americans and/or other and/or the California Register of cultural groups as appropriate. Historical Resources designation 3. Develop measures to protect boundaries (either as individual cultural resources during wildfire sites, historic districts, or as incidents, flood events, cultural landscapes). earthquakes, or other natural 3. Locate descendants of families who disasters and procedures for lived or worked within the Park. assessing damages after a natural Include homesteaders, quarry disaster event. Archaeological sites workers, movie makers, etc. most vulnerable to such damage, Conduct oral history interviews such as those located along with those who are still living. The drainages and gullies, those with information gained from the dense surface artifact distributions, interviews will complement and those with combustible materials, expand upon existing historical etc., will be identified. data on early park use. 4. Provide cultural resource training 4. Promote cooperative research to patrol rangers and make ventures with local educational locations of previously recorded institutions and other governmental cultural sites known to them so that agencies to complement site they can monitor site conditions documentation, evaluation, and and watch for deterioration and/or analysis needs. vandalism.

70 Goal: Protect, stabilize, and preserve 5. Assess the effects of visitor use the archaeological resources (camping, unauthorized collecting, within Santa Susana Pass State vandalism, vehicles, hiking, dirt Historic Park. bikes, mountain bikes, horses, and Guidelines: other potential modes of transportation) and natural erosion 1. Prepare a Cultural Resources on archaeological sites. Mitigative Management Plan (CRMP) to measures should be implemented identify, evaluate, and protect where appreciable damage to sites historically significant cultural is identified. Such measures can resources, cultural landscapes, and include site-specific closures, traditional cultural properties. The moving roads and trails or CRMP will include many of the damaging activities away from following guidelines. archaeological sites, revegetation, sign placement, fencing, site burial, 2. Identify procedures for careful planning of all undertakings, security monitoring, and other including routine maintenance and methods. Certain types of cultural new facility development, to avoid resources (such as rock art) require or minimize significant impacts to highly specialized treatments by cultural resources within the Park. trained conservators. Planning should include 6. Establish a program for periodic archaeological and historical examination, assessment, and research and consultation with evaluation of cultural resources

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

within the Park. Examinations others. Program should include should be conducted by a qualified communication during planning state archaeologist and should phases of projects or work that may include documentation of site and have the potential to affect cultural features through photographs, resources within Santa Susana Pass measurements, and GPS State Historic Park. recordation. Condition monitoring/ Goal: Educate the public and interpret assessment records and updated site the archaeological resources forms should be prepared and within Santa Susana Pass State submitted to document observed Historic Park. changes. Guidelines: 7. Establish a site stewardship program whereby volunteers are 1. Conduct site studies to determine if trained to protect archaeological onsite interpretation programs sites through periodic visitation and (signs, tours, education programs, recognition and recordation of etc.) should be developed for those vandalism and other threats. This archaeological features that are program can be based on the model currently in or adjacent to existing established by the California trails, proposed trails, or proposed Archaeological Site Stewardship facilities such as day-use parking, Program or another successful trail heads, or campgrounds. stewardship program. 2. Develop a program of education in 8. Identify lands containing cultural resource sensitivity for significant historical resources local schools, community groups, 71 outside of the Park for potential park neighbors, and other regular acquisition. Archaeological sites visitors. Program should be and historic properties should be developed in conjunction with specifically chosen to complement Native American groups where those already within the Park. possible. 9. Develop a program for cultural 3. Incorporate information about the resource protection in conjunction importance of cultural resource with agencies or companies with protection into the interpretation right-of-way access within or and signage for the Park. For adjacent to the Park. Those example, have signs directing agencies or outside entities that mountain bike users to walk their may operate within or next to the bikes down the portions of the Old Park include, Southern California Santa Susana Stagecoach Road that Edison, Los Angeles County Fire are steep and subject to damage. Department, Calleguas Water ETHNOGRAPHIC SITES District, City of Los Angeles Department of Recreation and The Park is within the traditional Parks, California Department of territory of the Gabrielino/Tongva and Transportation, Shell Oil Company, Fernandeño, although the territories of Los Angeles County Roads, the Tataviam and Ventureño Chumash Oakwood Memorial Park, and are close by. These groups have areas

The Plan of cultural and/or religious significance HISTORIC RESOURCES within the Park. Ethnographic accounts (STRUCTURES, SITES, AND indicate that there were places the LANDSCAPES) Gabrielino/Tongva, Fernandeño, Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park Tataviam, and Ventureño Chumash includes a number of locally and considered being of special cultural or regionally significant historic religious significance including resources including historic archaeo- mountains, springs, rock outcroppings, logical sites. They represent various and other natural formations. The historic activities that have helped Fernandeño legend of the Gavilán shape the Park’s cultural landscape for takes place within Santa Susana Pass over 235 years. Scattered throughout State Historic Park. the Park are the remains of sites, Goal: Identify and interpret the features, and artifacts relating to late- ethnographic uses of and 18th to mid-20th Century trans- resources in Santa Susana Pass portation, homesteading, sandstone State Historic Park and protect rock quarrying, motion picture and these culturally significant television production activities. places. Goal: Ensure the highest level of Guidelines: appropriate measures to stabilize, preserve, and protect 1. Work with local Native American groups, historical accounts, and Santa Susana Pass State ethnographic records to identify Historic Park’s historic resources, focusing on areas of 72 traditional cultural properties including sites of special cultural exceptional historical signifi- and/or religious significance that cance are located within the Park. Guidelines: 2. Record the traditional cultural 1. Develop an inventory, mapping, properties that are within the Park and informational database for through consultation with the those historic resources within the Gabrielino/Tongva, Fernandeño, Park that may be eligible for Tataviam, and Ventureño addition to the current California Chumash. Register of Historic Resources and the National Register boundaries. 3. Develop interpretation and education programs in conjunction 2. Evaluate historical features and with the Gabrielino/Tongva, sites (identified through cultural Fernandeño, Tataviam, and resource surveys) prior to any Ventureño Chumash to highlight development or removal. their cultures, their continuing Additional studies such as archival presence, and their long-time use of research, detailed site and structure and association with Santa Susana recordation and mapping, and Pass State Historic Park and its subsurface testing will occur at any resources. project or undertaking that would disturb a known or potential

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

historical site, feature, or with those who are still living. The landscape. information gained from the interviews will complement and 3. Develop managerial procedures based on the Secretary of the expand upon existing historical Interior’s Standards and Guide- data on early park use and be used lines, particularly regarding the for developing interpretation and Treatment of Historic Landscapes; education programs for the Park. PRC 5024; Executive Order W-26- 3. Identify the historic significance 92; and the California Department and potential eligibility of the of Parks and Recreation’s Resource Park’s historic resources under one Management Directives to protect or more of the following National the Park’s historic resources. Register “contextual themes” (not to be confused with the interpretive 4. Consider the acquisition of additional land from willing themes that can be found under the sources that contain historic Interpretation section on page 76). resources linked to those within the These “themes” are representative Park. Consider acquiring additional of the Park’s historical develop- land that might act as a buffer for ment: the protection of especially a. Transforming the Environment significant historic sites or i. Examines the continuous landscape features within the Park. interaction between people Goal: Ensure the highest level of and the environment where appropriate measures to they lived and worked. 73 interpret Santa Susana Pass ii. Collectively conveying State Historic Park’s historic particular times and places resources, focusing on areas of showing the Park’s linear exceptional historical sig- evolution regarding its historic nificance transportation, homesteading, Guidelines: and stone quarrying activities. 1. Undertake site studies to determine b. Developing the American if onsite interpretation programs Economy (signs, tours, education programs, i. Reflects the ways in which etc.) should be developed for those people have engaged in historic archaeological features that economic activities are currently in or adjacent to ii. Historic archaeological existing trails, proposed trails, or evidence may possibly proposed facilities such as day-use provide information about parking, trail heads, or the lives, culture, and campgrounds. ethnicity of those who lived 2. Locate descendants of families who and worked within what is lived or worked within the Park. now Santa Susana Pass State Include homesteaders, quarry Historic Park. workers, movie makers, etc. Conduct oral history interviews

The Plan c. Expressing Cultural Values research to identify and interpret historic fabric or features. i. Peoples’ expression of their culture, whether about 3. Develop a program for archaeo- themselves or the world they logical survey, site recordation and inhabit evaluation, GPS mapping, and ii. These may include potential preparation of records and reports cultural landscapes, for potentially historic stagecoach including historic sites, road segments both inside and historic vernacular outside the present National landscapes, and Register designation boundaries. ethnographic landscapes Goal: Promote a better understanding with intrinsic natural and a greater appreciation for features and wildlife. the historical use of the Santa Susana Pass State Historic geological resources within Park Roads Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park. One of the most significant historical impacts to the natural landscape was Guidelines: the establishment of stage and wagon 1. Conduct contextual study of the roads over the Simi Hills, linking Park’s inherent geologic resources Chatsworth and the San Fernando for best means of interpreting and Valley with Simi Valley. Surviving promoting the historic sandstone elements of two such roads, the Santa rock quarry sites’ geological 74 Susana Pass Wagon Road (the Old history. Santa Susana Pass Stagecoach Road) and its 1895 replacement, the New 2. Develop interpretive themes to Chatsworth Grade Road (El Camino enhance the public’s understanding Nuevo). of late 19th to early 20th century sandstone rock quarrying activities Goal: Preserve and interpret the within the Park. regionally unique and significant sites and features 3. Establish cooperative arrangements associated with the historical with educational institutions and stage roads within Santa Susana local and state groups to assist and Pass State Historic Park. enhance research and educational opportunities within the historic Guidelines: quarry areas, while maintaining a 1. Prepare a site management plan to nondestructive, nonimpactive, and establish resource protection and safe learning environment that operational goals, identify threats sustains multigenerational oppor- (vandalism, trail use, etc.), and to tunities. establish an interpretation program 4. Alter, curtail, or eliminate visitor for these sites and the surrounding and CDPR staff activities within landscape. and adjacent to historic sandstone 2. Base preservation treatments on rock quarry areas that produce professional standards and primary significant and/or recurrent impacts

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

on their fragile geologic resources Geological and paleontological and their inherent values. materials, natural history specimens of Park flora and fauna, COLLECTIONS archaeological materials, and The California Department of Parks historical objects such as and Recreation acquires and maintains furnishings, architectural elements, collections for several reasons equipment, or personal items including preservation of elements of associated with Santa Susana Pass the natural and cultural environment of State Historic Park or important the Park; documentation of the people, people or organizations connected events, and cultural or natural features with the Park, are all potential that are central to the Park’s purpose; collection items. Historical scientific research values; and to collections may include items of the support interpretive programs. Native American era, stagecoach Numerous artifacts, records, and homestead eras, quarrying and photographs, specimens, and other ranching eras, early movie era, and items of cultural or natural significance park development and early have been collected or have recreational eras. accumulated over the years and are currently stored within CDPR facilities 2. Only collect natural, geological, or at other institutions. Many of these and cultural materials in a manner collections do not have any specific consistent with the guidelines storage location and no special contained in the Department preservation measures have been Operations Manual, the Cultural taken, thus putting these resources in Resources Management Handbook, 75 danger of deterioration and/or loss. and the Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park Scope of Collections Goal: Provide for collections of Statement. Collection practices cultural and natural artifacts should also comply with from Santa Susana Pass State professional standards, and Historic Park that support the applicable state and federal laws, Declaration of Purpose and authorizations, and regulations. CDPR’s Mission. 3. Collections-based research should Guidelines: be supported and encouraged. 1. The following are the Guidelines 4. The return of specimens and for Collections and the Collections museum objects collected from Management Objectives for Santa Santa Susana Pass State Historic Susana Pass State Historic Park: Park lands that are held by other Cultural and natural collections at state offices, institutions, and Santa Susana Pass State Historic agencies should be sought. Park should have specific Goal: Provide for adequate associations to the cultural or preservation and curation of natural history of the Park, specimens, artifacts, records, intrinsic educational or scientific photographs, and other value, and/or provide support for collected items of cultural or interpretive themes and programs. natural significance.

The Plan Guidelines: provides experiences, information, 1. A collections inventory system and direction, and stewardship oppor- management plan will be tunities for visitors. People become developed for Santa Susana Pass advocates when they go through the State Historic Park, following the process of awareness, exposure, policies outlined in the Cultural involvement, understanding, and Resource Management Handbook empowerment. and the Department Operations The interpretive mission of the Park is Manual (DOM) Chapter 20: to provide interpretive programs, Museum Collections Management. facilities, and media that communicate 2. CDPR will establish safe and the inherent significance of the natural secure spaces for curation and/or and cultural resources of Santa Susana display of Park collections based Pass State Historic Park and create an on professional preservation ethic of park sustainability and guidelines. Appropriate locations stewardship. This mission can be for such curation facilities should achieved through the incorporation of be included in the development of a the following periods, themes, goals, new visitor center or other similar and guidelines as the basis for future facilities. interpretive/educational programs and facilities. Also refer to the Goals and 3. Collections facilities will be Guidelines in the Historic Resources maintained at the highest possible section to further understand the CDPR Museum Collections transformation of the environment, the 76 Facility Index standards. CDPR’s development of the American Museum Collections Management economy, and the expression of Handbook and CRM Handbook cultural values of the varied residents. guidelines for practices and procedures will be followed. Interpretive Period 4. Those collections not able to be The primary interpretive period of curated at the Park or District 1859 to 1895 represents the era of should be sent to a professional and stagecoach travel along the Old Santa reasonably accessible repository. Susana Pass Stagecoach Road, and homesteading within the current Park 5. All data associated with cultural boundaries. and natural collections will be compiled, verified, archived, and Periods of secondary importance made accessible to qualified, include: the Late Prehistoric and responsible users. Protohistoric periods when Native Chumash, Tongva, and Tataviam INTERPRETATION peoples lived in the Santa Susana Pass Interpretation is a communication area; from 1892-1915 when people process that forges emotional and applied technology and equipment to intellectual connections between the extract, process, and transport raw interests of the audience and the materials from mines and quarries inherent meanings in the resource. within the Park; and from 1917-1970 Through interpretation, the Park when producers used the Chatsworth Hills area as a popular location for

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

creating motion pictures and television • Secondary Theme: Agriculture series. and Industry Unifying Theme Agricultural and industrial Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park activities, such as food procure- is a retreat from urban life with a long ment and processing, stone tool history as a transportation corridor for manufacturing, farming, and plants, animals, and humans of the quarrying affected individuals, western San Fernando Valley, greater communities, and regional econ- Los Angeles region, and beyond. omies. • Secondary Theme: Movies and • Primary Theme: Transportation, Communication, and Commerce Television Located at the crossroads between Santa Susana Pass State Historic regions, cultures, and resources, Park’s rugged landscape played a Santa Susana Pass State Historic role in early motion picture and Park has provided a route for television history. transportation, communication, and • Secondary Theme: commerce throughout human Environmental Conservation history. Environmental conservation, • Primary Theme: Geology historic preservation, commem- The unique geology of Santa oration, and other forms of resource Susana Pass State Historic Park stewardship aided in the acquisition influences the diversity, survival, and creation of Santa Susana Pass 77 and settlement patterns of plants, State Historic Park. animals, and humans. Goal: Develop new themes for interpretive and educational • Primary Theme: Natural Resources programs and facilities using the most current interpretive Reminiscent of the early California philosophy and knowledge of landscape, the Park is a natural the Park’s resources. resource sanctuary at the edge of one of the most populated regions Guidelines: of California. 1. Develop interpretation of trans- portation, communication, and • Secondary Theme: Exploration and Settlement commerce that explores: Native Americans, homesteaders, a) Native American commerce and and others explored the area and cultural exchange. established communities and single b) Historic trails, stagecoach and residences within the Park’s wagon routes. boundaries. c) Historic equestrian use and sup- port activities. d) The human experience of traveling in a stagecoach during the historic period.

The Plan e) The development of trans- 4. Develop interpretation of explor- portation technology. ation and settlement history that f) The development of the explores: American economy and the a) Native American village life exchange of goods and ideas. and land use. 2. Develop interpretation of geological b) Expression of cultural values. resources that explores: c) Historic resources related to a) Formation of geological homesteading and other historic features including rock settlements. formations and mountain d) The human transformation of ranges. the environment. b) The cultural and religious value 5. Develop interpretation of of the natural landscape as a agricultural and industrial history traditional Gabrielino/Tongva that explores: and Fernandeño territory. a) Native American food c) Impacts of cultural or procurement, processing, and commercial activities such as stone tool manufacturing. quarrying. b) The history of agriculture; d) Adaptation of humans, animals, raising livestock and crops. and plants to geologic change. c) The history and significance of g) The correlation between quarrying at Santa Susana Pass extreme elevation changes in 78 State Historic Park. the Park and the diversity of habitat. 6. Develop interpretation of television and motion picture history that 3. Develop interpretation of natural explores: resources that explores: a) Pioneer film production, a) The importance of open space particularly Westerns. and biocorridors for the diversity and health of b) Location of Miranda ecosystems. Homestead. c) Association with noted b) Adaptation of native plants and animals to their environment. producers, directors, and actors. d) Movie ranches, especially c) Human impacts to the natural environment. Spahn Ranch. e) Santa Susana Pass State d) Sensitive and endangered species. Historic Park as a popularly known landscape used by e) Vegetation communities as television and film crews. essential habitat for many plant and animal species. f) Threat of invasive exotics to native plants and animals.

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

7. Develop interpretation of resource experiences of the people conservation that explores: associated with the area’s multi- faceted history. Use methods such a) The preservation, maintenance, and management of natural and as oral history, written narratives, manmade resources. and photographs, maintaining a current contact list. b) Stories of the individuals and groups that contributed to the 5. Develop and implement strategies Park’s creation and to strengthen the community, development. volunteer and cooperating associations. c) Resource management and preservation techniques. Goal: Assist CDPR in meeting its goal d) How and what we can learn of increased diversity by from the Park’s resources. reducing barriers, strengthening partnerships, and providing Goal: Create a comprehensive interpretive facilities and strategy for park interpretation programs that encourage public and educational programs that participation. will help to establish a culture of sustainability in which Guidelines: practices that preserve the 1. Provide meaningful interpretation environment and enhance that incorporates multiple individuals’ quality of life perspectives, including those of the become part of every day living. Park visitor. 79 Guidelines: 2. Create accessible interpretive 1. Establish an interdisciplinary facilities and programs, including a Interpretive Improvement Team to well-trained staff, which can provide guidance and coordination effectively provide educational and and help assure continuous interpretive services that meet improvement for interpretation visitors’ diverse needs. Employ throughout the Park. guidelines outlined in All Visitors Welcome: Accessibility in State 2. Develop an Interpretive Master Park Interpretive Programs and Plan for the Park. Use the CDPR Facilities. Workbook for Planning Interpretive Projects in preparing 3. Identify strategies and comprehensive interpretive plans implementation methods for for the Park. removing barriers of language, education, and economic classes 3. Develop a Scope of Collections during the interpretive planning Statement to identify which objects phases of the Park. the Park is to collect and how they will be managed. Follow the CDPR 4. Coordinate interpretive pro- Guidelines for Writing a Scope of gramming with other parks in the Collections Statement. Los Angeles region, enhancing significant stories associated with 4. Establish a program to preserve and the area’s cultural heritage, such as interpret the personal stories and

The Plan Pío Pico State Historic Park, Los to promote visitor safety and Encinos State Historic Park, resource protection. Topanga State Park, Malibu Creek 5. Create a publishing program to State Park, Los Angeles State develop traditional and/or Historic Park and Rio de Los electronic publications about the Angeles State Park. Park’s resources. 5. Develop outreach efforts with Goal: Use interpretive facilities and community groups in order to signage to orient visitors to the strengthen and acquire partnerships Park and emphasize that Santa to advance interpretive programs. Susana Pass State Historic Park Current and potential partners is one of the 278 parks currently include: local historical and within the CDPR system. archaeological societies; Native American tribes and organizations; Guidelines: Chambers of Commerce; local, 1. Develop a park-wide sign plan for regional, and nonprofit regulatory, informational, and organizations with similar or interpretive signage to coordinate complementary goals; schools, the appearance of the signs, colleges and universities; other minimize impacts to the resources, state, local, and federal parks; and meet multiple language needs. concessionaires; and government Signs and other media should be agencies. low impact and maintained, Goal: Explore non-intrusive, repaired, replaced, or updated with 80 traditional, new, and innovative relative ease. technologies or techniques for 2. Use the area’s natural and cultural developing the Park’s features as design references for interpretive and educational developing interpretive facilities. programs and facilities. 3. Strive to achieve park management Guidelines: goals through interpretation, 1. Consider naming park features and including public safety, land use, trails to reflect the cultural or critical resources, human impacts, natural significance of the area. resource management strategies, and other issues. 2. Develop guided and self-guided tours of the Park that enhance traditional and new recreational activities. 3. Explore the use of portable electronic devices to interpret the cultural and natural resources of the area. 4. Develop an effective and comprehensive education program

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

established within this General Plan VISITOR USE AND begin to impact or compromise the DEVELOPMENT Park’s resources, Park management VISITOR USE should respond accordingly for the protection and/or enhancement of This General Plan will provide the the resources. desired conditions of the Park’s visitors’ experience via the RECREATIONAL USES establishment of management zones Trail System (refer to page 91). These desired condition combined with the future An analysis of the existing trail monitoring of visitor-use levels at the system, which included field Park, will be part of an on-going reconnaissance and the preliminary dynamic planning process whereby study of topographic data, was future park management can adjust and implemented to develop a conceptual readjust to the changing conditions, trail system. Additional analysis of the such as demographics and visitor-use proposed trails will be required as patterns. visitor use and the general use of the Park increases; however, a conceptual Goal: Provide for diverse recreational trail system is being proposed for use while protecting the scenic immediate resource protection and experience and cultural and enhanced recreational use. natural resources. The conceptual trail system, made up Guidelines: of fourteen trails, uses the following 81 1. With trail use being the current trail hierarchy: major visitor use at the Park, CDPR • Primary Routes of Travel: cross- will maximize the interpretive terrain routes that connect one opportunities along the proposed entrance to another or include key trail system. or vantage points (e.g., Old Santa 2. Recreational use or activities that Susana Stagecoach Road, El adversely impact or encourage Camino Nuevo, Powerhouse Road, peripheral impacts to the cultural Mattingly Trail, Williams Trail). and natural resources of the Park • Secondary Connectors: important, and can be considered “attractions but shorter routes that offer in and of themselves” will not be convenience or connect the Primary permitted. Routes to additional access points and certain landscape features not 3. Park operations and security shall be examined to alleviate impacts to on Primary Routes (e.g., Bannon the park resources as well as the Quarry Trail, Chatsworth Wagon surrounding communities. Road, Hill-Palmer Trail, Sanchez Trail, Miranda Trail, Waterfall 4. Invest future funding and/or work Trail) with volunteer groups or local • Interpretive and Scenic Loops: stakeholders to establish a localized loops that allow access to monitoring system of the park special features, vantage points, or resources. If the desired conditions development of focus interpretive

The Plan themes or topic (e.g., De La Ossa Chatsworth to the Old Santa Susana Interpretive Trail, Ancestor Stagecoach Road from 1888 to the Interpretive Trail, Upland Meadow opening of El Camino Nuevo. Loop Trail). Powerhouse Road reportedly dates As part of the above mentioned back to 1902, when it provided access hierarchy, the trail system was further to a powerhouse used during the delineated by type of trail use. construction of one of the Southern Identification of trail use was desired Pacific railroad tunnels at its terminus. to address public safety and liability Heavy horse-drawn wagons carrying issues (especially along steep gradient cut dimensional stone and rip rap from trails), enhance interpretation the historic Chatsworth Park Stone opportunities, and to evoke the historic Quarry site utilized what is now the significance of the Park’s cultural Bannon Quarry Trail to a railroad spur features. track from 1892 to 1915. Six Park trails commemorate the efforts of The proposed user designations are as several pioneer families that tried to follows: eke out a living from the rocky hills between 1858 and 1915. These include • Multi-use Trails: equestrian, bicycle, and hiking the De La Ossa Interpretive Trail, and the Mattingly, Williams, Hill-Palmer, • Trail: equestrian and hiking • Hiking Only: hiking Sanchez, and Miranda Trails. The two remaining trails, the Upland Meadow The fourteen trails were either based Loop Trail and the Waterfall Trail, are upon existing trails or resulted from named, respectively, after an upland 82 preliminary analysis and the public’s meadow and seasonal waterfall. input. To assist in their identification, trail names reflect their historical use, All fourteen trails are in need of varied association with pioneer families who levels of improvement and homesteaded in the area, or special maintenance; from general erosion scenic natural features. control measures, to diversion of runoff, to the improvement of steps Included in the first group is the along steep grades. These Ancestor Interpretive Trail, which is improvements and maintenance dedicated to the native peoples who measures shall be part of the first settled in the area. Five trails are immediate public use improvements remnants of historic roads that when funds become available, and part crisscross the Park. A former Spanish of the long term trail management. Mission trail, the National-Register-of- Historic-Places-listed Old Santa Of particular note are two trails: the Susana Stagecoach Road was an Miranda Loop Trail and the final important wagon road connecting Los southeast segment of the Williams Angeles to San Francisco via Santa Trail, which enters the Park from Susana Pass from 1861-1895. Its Chatsworth Park North. Both of these successor, El Camino Nuevo offered a trail alignments are very conceptual in less-harrowing alternate route from nature and must be furthered analyzed 1895 to 1917. The Chatsworth Wagon to determine the most suitable trail Road provided access from the town of route.

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

Guidelines: with the proposed trail designations. 1. Examine and monitor visitor-use levels on the conceptual trail 6. Work with the CDPR Accessibility system to determine visitor-use Section to assess the trail system to impacts to natural and cultural identify potential accessible trails. resources. Also, implement visitor- Due to the steep topography and use surveys to seek feedback of the terrain, the “range” of accessibility conceptual trail system. will need to be carefully analyzed 2. Maintain involvement with the to provide some degree of regional planning efforts, universal accessibility to the especially with the City of Los available resources and Angeles, the Rim of the Valley experiences. Trail Corridor agency, and Rancho 7. Encourage adherence of trail use Simi Recreation to ensure the Park designations through education remains a vital connection to (e.g., signage, interpretive surrounding open spaces. programs, and trail brochures) and 3. Develop in conjunction with the through appropriate designing of Gateway Zone and Secondary trail nodes. A node is where two Access Points, an identity and different trail uses meet. To wayfinding system that enhances encourage respect for the different the trail access points. The uses, the nodes should be wayfinding system should examine aesthetically designed to denote the different uses. Adding a the use of signage and electronic 83 technology such as the Ipod hitching post at a clearing or system. The use of electronic providing an informal seating area technology will assist the Park in for a small group gathering are two meeting one of the other goals of possibilities in developing trail the Preferred Plan; of minimizing nodes. development and visual impacts of 8. Minimize conflict between bicycles the site. and pedestrians along the multi-use 4. Build upon the proposed trail trails. Appropriate education and hierarchy system while protecting signage will be required along and interpreting the Park’s cultural extremely steep trails where the and natural resources, as well as speed of bicycles will conflict with taking advantage of the Park’s pedestrian path of travel. Bicyclists aesthetics and recreational will be required to dismount at opportunities. certain locations to alleviate such conflicts. 5. Develop interpretive programs consistent with the conceptual trail system. By applying historic, cultural, and other resource consideration, the interpretive programs should work seamlessly

The Plan Goal: Trail maintenance and repair is often if opportunities had been crucial for the success and available to them. Several camping or longevity of any system, and as overnight-use opportunities are such, the prioritization of trail feasible within the Gateway Zone, maintenance projects is a North Forty Zone, and the Scenic necessity. Ridge Zone at Santa Susana Pass State Guidelines: Historic Park. The Spahn Ranch site along Santa 1. Annual trail maintenance funding should be secured to allow annual Susana Pass Road, located in the North maintenance, which includes Forty Zone, offers the most clearing of brush, addressing opportunities for vehicular access and surface erosion, trail surface repair, the development of related overnight and improving wayfinding signage. programs and facilities. Its history as a “dude” and “movie” ranch offers 2. Temporary closures of trails will opportunities to incorporate these be allowed to provide for trail themes into any future development. maintenance or to improve existing trails for public safety. Goal: Develop limited camping opportunities within the Park. 3. Follow Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Guidelines: historic preservation regarding 1. Implement additional resources maintenance procedures on all studies of the proposed camping historic roads and trails. sites denoted within the Preferred 84 Plan to determine the impacts and 4. Work with archaeologists and Native Americans prior to appropriate capacity of the sites. undertaking trail maintenance to 2. Limit primitive camping ensure avoidance of significant opportunities within the core of the impacts to archaeological sites that Park, while examining more are bisected by existing trails. developed campsites including alternate-type camping on the 5. Due to limited staffing at the Park, perimeter of the Park, to minimize CDPR should work jointly with visual and resource impacts. volunteer groups or adjoining agencies to develop a volunteer 3. If camping is determined to be trail monitoring group to observe, appropriate within the Scenic assess, and report trail conditions Ridge Zone it will only be to CDPR staff. implemented at designated campsites. Camping 4. Consider fire hazards when A 2002 study entitled “Public selecting sites. Opinions and Attitudes on Outdoor Climbing Recreation in California” found that camping in developed sites with Climbing, which includes scrambling facilities such as toilets and tables was on boulders and face climbing, is the leading recreational activity that popular in surrounding areas, Californians would have done more especially the adjacent Stoney Point

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

Park along Topanga Canyon measures need to be implemented for Boulevard. This activity is beginning the protection of these resources. to extend into Santa Susana Pass State Goal: Examine the impacts of Historic Park. Careful analysis of the equestrian use on the natural potential impacts to the Park needs to and cultural resources, and be implemented. prescribe restoration measures. Goal: Evaluate climbing impacts to Guidelines: rock outcrops, cultural resources, and cliff-dwelling 1. Permit equestrian use only along species. designated trails. Guidelines: 2. Continually evaluate equestrian use and modify or remove uses that 1. Allow climbing where the activity cause erosion and soil compaction. itself or access to the climbing area Input from equestrian user groups does not impact significant natural will be obtained if deemed and cultural resources. Climbing is necessary by future management not allowed in the Primary Historic plans regarding equestrian Zone. activities. 2. Work cooperatively with climbing 3. Explore providing an equestrian groups and local stakeholders to staging area in the North Forty develop a management plan for Zone. climbing based upon identification 4. Provide hitching posts at trail of sensitive natural and cultural nodes where different trail use is resources. being proposed, so equestrian users 85 3. Flaking, drilling, bolting, or any can dismount. other method that causes physical Emerging Trends damage to the boulders will not be allowed. Recent visitor-use studies and public Equestrian Use opinion and attitude surveys under- taken by CDPR indicates that outdoor There is a large amount of equestrian recreation and facilities are very recreational use in the Park and important to the quality of life of most throughout the surrounding areas. Californians. There is a great need to Currently, equestrians must park their expand recreational opportunities and vehicles and trailers along roadways as these opportunities emerge appro- such as Valley Circle Boulevard, priate goals and guidelines will need to unload their horses, and ride along the be developed to ensure the protection streets to access the Park. An of the natural and cultural resources at equestrian staging area or areas would the Park. be a welcome benefit for equestrians and should be examined. An example of an emerging trend is the use of digital technology for At present, equestrian use is allowed geocaching. As previously mentioned on all trails that are deemed safe by in this Plan, there are several CDPR staff. To better manage, “unofficial” geocaching sites within interpret, and protect the Park’s natural the park. These sites are considered and cultural resources, restoration

The Plan unofficial sites because CDPR has yet Also due to the relatively small size of to adopt a statewide geocaching policy. the Park, development within the Until a geocaching policy is adopted, interior of the site shall be held to a the general goal and guidelines for minimum, to protect the numerous such emerging recreational trends viewsheds, both from within and should be: outside the Park (the Park provides a Goal: Both traditional and non- relatively pristine scenic setting as traditional recreational activities people approach the Park from the should be analyzed and major vehicular corridor adjacent to incorporated into the Park’s the Park, such as from State planning process. Route 118). Guidelines: Goal: Enhance the Park’s arrival identity and visitor orientation 1. Until analysis and planning can by improving access points into occur, the management of such the Park. activities needs to minimize any negative impacts to natural and Guidelines: cultural resources while 1. Work cooperatively with adjoining maintaining visitor safety and agencies such as the City of Los reducing park-user conflicts within Angeles to optimize the potential Santa Susana Pass State Historic of developing a joint agency Park. visitor orientation center off site or 2. In the case of geocaching at the at the outer perimeter of the Park. 86 Park, the District should implement 2. Nontraditional visitor-use facilities a geocaching review and/or regis- should be explored to minimize the tration process. All “unofficial” use of large traditional sites should be examined to administrative and operational determine if the site adversely building types. Nontraditional impacts any natural or cultural visitor-use facilities may include resources. Any sites determined to simple open structures or have impacts should be removed, structures made of native materials and the District should contact the to simply denote a “sense of responsible parties requesting they place,” a gathering area or the delete references to the cache by “entrance” into the Park (refer to deactivating those references, chapter cover sheets for design whether online or through other intent). If a traditional buildings or media. structures are developed, then the aesthetic guidelines denoted within DEVELOPMENT this section should be followed. With the Park’s steep and rugged terrain, development of visitor use and 3. The development of traditional or park operations facilities requires nontraditional building structures careful planning and siting to ensure will be held to a minimum outside the protection of natural and cultural the Gateway Zone. Non-traditional resources and to provide an integrated structures should be implemented and pleasing park setting. at all Secondary Access Points to

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

minimize visual impacts to the regarding its construction, surrounding neighborhood. operations, and maintenance Guidelines: should remain grounded through sound but innovative Aesthetics design decisions. 1. Adhere to the “Guiding Principle Natural and Cultural Resources for Quality Aesthetic Design at State Parks” which reads: “Design 1. Consolidate and locate visitor-use of park facilities should embody facilities to minimize impacts on the same vigor and spirit that the Park’s natural and cultural CDPR applies to its Mission while resources, while allowing ease of evoking forward thinking design management and accessibility for theories, producing meaningful the public and for Park staff. places and spaces, worthy of a) Development shall occur only preservation by future in areas that will not adversely generations.” impact natural and/or cultural resources. Sacred, archaeo- a) Design should evolve from a collaborative and visual process logical, and historical sites and that is led by a design features will be respected and professional and involves the protected. users, the District staff, resource b) Disturbance of native veg- professionals, and other etation and topography shall be stakeholders. minimized by integrating the development with the native 87 b) Design decisions should be sensitive to the contextual vegetation and topography. nature of the site, including the Buildings shall not be set atop region’s cultural and physical ridges or steep terrain, but set environment in which the into the topography whenever project is located. The design feasible. should recognize and respect c) Sufficient setbacks and buffers the past but not necessarily shall be established especially mimic a style or era. along the Riparian Corridor and existing biocorridors. c) Design dialogues should extend throughout CDPR and beyond CONCESSION AND REVENUE to ensure that meaningful places GENERATION and spaces are designed and At the time this General Plan was maintained in keeping with the published, there were no concession richness and grandeur of the operations within the Park and no such CDPR system. operations were deemed necessary or d) Embrace use of sustainable appropriate. However, if the future design, universal accessibility, reveals an appropriate need for and new technology and concessions which promote the materials. However, a project’s mission statement of CDPR, then economy and practicality concessions operations shall comply

The Plan with all applicable regulatory controls 3. Potential direct, indirect, and including, but not limited to the Public cumulative impacts to the Park’s Resources Code, Section 5080.02 resources by a proposed concession et seq. and California State Park and operation must be evaluated prior Recreation Commission policies. to approval to proceed with A concession may be defined as a implementation. grant to a natural person, corporation, ACQUISITIONS partnership, or association for the use The California Department of Parks of certain lands of the California and Recreation has responsibility for Department of Parks and Recreation the protection, preservation, and system for the specific purpose of management of all real property (land) providing for general public service, it owns (re: acquisition, see PRC 5016- products, facilities, and programs for 5016.1). use, enjoyment, and enhancement of recreational and educational Goal: Acquire land from willing experiences. sellers that will enhance the visitor experience and/or the Goal: Concession operations within integrity of natural and cultural the Park shall provide the resources. visitor service and products that enhance the recreational and/or Guidelines: educational experiences at the 1. The California Department of Park while being consistent Parks and Recreation will with the Park’s purpose and 88 consider the following types of classification. land acquisitions, should they Guidelines: become available: 1. Concession operations shall a) Land that completes conform to the Park’s General and landscape linkages and Management Plans, the Operating additional habitat Agreement, the California State connectivity. Land that Park and Recreation Commission completes watersheds and policies, and the Public Resources regions supporting Code. significant natural processes. Sustainable sizes and 2. A feasibility study shall be configurations of under- prepared for any proposed protected major habitat concession operation to determine types of California. economic viability, as well as Significant natural resources contract terms, conditions, and (i.e., wetland and riparian appropriateness of the concession habitats, designated Critical to the recreational and/or Habitats, significant plant or educational value to Santa Susana wildlife populations, Pass State Historic Park as well as ecological systems). consistency with the Park’s purpose and classification. b) Cultural sites and cultural landscapes.

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

c) Parcels appropriate for staff 2. The California Department of Parks and visitor uses (e.g., and Recreation will coordinate with existing facilities, previously federal as well as local jurisdiction disturbed sites, locations and agencies to monitor allowing for improved staff development activities outside the and visitor access, etc.). Park’s boundaries and to ensure buffer zones are enhanced or 2. Minimize negative adjacent land-use effects (e.g., reduce maintained. light pollution and noise, 3. The California Department of Parks advocate protection of and Recreation will actively work viewsheds, preserve sense of with or coordinate with other solitude, protect regional agencies and property owners to aquifer, and eliminate secure land acquisitions to ensure significant poaching and key biocorrdiors are preserved and trespassing). enhanced. 3. Evaluate adjacent land use that 4. The California Department of Parks conflicts with CDPR purposes. and Recreation will evaluate all land acquisitions based upon both 4. Continue to encourage cooperative work with resource value, recreational volunteer groups that strive to opportunities, and visitor achieve land acquisitions as enjoyment. previously outlined. 5. Identify scenic, natural, 89 paleontological, and cultural landscapes that cross the Park’s boundaries; work to decrease destruction and fragmentation of those landscapes through purchase of appropriate land. Goal: Monitor and reduce impacts to the Park’s resources and visitor experience due to adjacent land uses. Guideline: 1. Work to minimize or contain negative effects from lands adjacent to the Park, such as: encroaching developments, planting and invasion of exotic species, feral or domestic animals, watershed pollution, water pumping, etc.

The Plan 90

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

As such, and due to the overwhelming MANAGEMENT ZONES public sentiment of having CDPR The management zones depicted in work jointly with LADRP to create a Figures 5 and 6 were delineated based joint visitor-use facility, the Joint Use upon their geographical, natural, Area is symbolically being denoted in cultural, aesthetical, and recreational all the Alternates. sensitivities and values. Within these GATEWAY ZONE management zones desired resource conditions, proposed visitor use and The Gateway Zone is located at the experiences, and potential facilities outer boundaries of the Park and were determined by analysis of the provides the major arrival points into resource inventory and public input. the core of the Park. This zone will provide visitor orientation and support The six management zones for Santa facilities such as interpretation, Susana Pass State Historic Park are: restroom facilities, and parking. Gateway Zone, Secondary Access Points, North Forty Zone, Scenic In the preferred plan, a Gateway Zone Ridge Zone, Primary Historic Zone, is being proposed along Santa Susana and Riparian Zone. Pass Road, due to its appropriate topography and ease of visitor and These management zones can be vehicular accessibility. In the central viewed as a gradient, with the highest portion of the Park, and similar in level of visitor use allowed in the nature to the Joint Use Area mentioned Gateway Zone while lowest level use in the previous section, another is within the Primary Historic Zone Gateway Zone is proposed, with access 91 and the Scenic Ridge Zone. from Chatsworth Park South. Fostering All the management zones will adhere a collaborative approach with the City to the appropriate goals and guidelines of Los Angeles will be essential to found within the Parkwide Goals and developing visitor-use facilities in this Guidelines section and the centrally located Gateway Zone. Management Zone Matrix (Table 3). SECONDARY ACCESS POINTS All the management zones will be governed by the State Classification of To enhance trail connections to a Historic Park (see page 4). adjoining open spaces and to maintain public access to the Park while main- A Joint Use Area located in taining connectivity to neighboring Chatsworth Park South is denoted in communities, Secondary Access Points all the alternatives including the are being designated at the Park’s preferred alternative. Although edges. To minimize visual and Chatsworth Park South is owned and resource impacts, the level of operated by the City of Los Angeles improvements in these zones will be Department of Recreation and Parks minor, with limited parking and visitor (LADRP), CDPR has enjoyed an orientation elements such as signage ongoing, working relationship with and minor restroom facilities. LADRP, allowing park users to access Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park via Chatsworth Park South.

The Plan NORTH FORTY ZONE exception to the overall “Range of The North Forty Zone is on the Possible Facilities” of the Primary northern fringe of the Park Historic Zone is being provided to immediately adjacent to Santa Susana alleviate on-street parking and to Pass Road. The zone was named in provide improved security. Further loose reference to the historic agrarian analysis will be required to term “back forty.” appropriately locate the designated on- site parking. The parking will be Much of this zone is comprised of located in a manner where park users steep terrain; however, several existing and easement users can retain ease of flat areas can be developed for visitor- access during park operating hours. use improvements such as camping and an equestrian staging area. One RIPARIAN ZONE such area is the former Spahn Ranch, The Riparian Zone contains the major which is located off Santa Susana Pass drainage of the Park, which runs Road, and falls within both the North parallel with Santa Susana Pass Road. Forty Zone and Gateway Zone. This zone serves as an important wildlife corridor to adjoining open PRIMARY HISTORIC ZONE spaces, where bobcats and other The Primary Historic Zone lies in the wildlife have been tracked. This zone southern half of the Park and contains also has a high aesthetic value. It is a a high concentration of cultural welcome and lush retreat within the resources that are unique for their Park’s boulder strewn landscape. historical, archeological, and scientific 92 significance. This zone includes the Trails shall run adjacent to and Old Santa Susana Stagecoach Road periodically cross the drainage, where and associated features. possible, to allow visitors to view these natural resources without impacting its This zone was born out of the existing wildlife values. National Register property boundary within the Park and from the existing Future biocorridors which will require cultural resources inventory. The establishing partnerships with other General Plan team examined the governmental agencies should be topography and cultural resources and connected to this zone. developed the Primary Historic Zone SCENIC RIDGE ZONE to better protect the resources while The Scenic Ridge Zone encompasses allowing for maximum interpretation the majority of the Park’s rock and recreational use in the Park’s outcroppings and ridges. This zone is southern half. to remain rustic in nature with minimal Motorized equipment or vehicles will development. be limited to Park operations including Visitors to this area shall be able to Ranger Patrols, designated parking and immerse themselves in the rugged service vehicles on existing easements terrain, which is reminiscent of early or designated roads. In the preferred California. Only minimal development plan a gated parking area is graphically such as interpretive programs and trails denoted in the Primary Historic Zone will occur in this zone. along Powerhouse Road. This

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park

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Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park Gateway Zone Secondary Access Points

This zone is located around the outer boundaries These points of entry have ease of visitor access AREA of the Park & will provide the major “gateways” from the surrounding communities or open DESCRIPTION into the core of the Park. This zone has ease of spaces and serve as minor access points into the visitor & vehicular access. Park.

• Maintain & protect the natural character of • Maintain & protect the natural character of RESOURCE the boulder strewn landscape the boulder strewn landscape • Facilities to complement or blend with • Design elements to complement or blend CHARACTER & natural or historical landscapes. with natural or historical landscapes. MANAGEMENT • Prescribe sustainable design & maintenance • Prescribe sustainable design & maintenance practices practices

• Avoid, minimize, or mitigate impacts on • Avoid, minimize, or mitigate impacts on (CARRYING CAPACITY cultural & natural resources cultural & natural resources OBJECTIVE)

The visitor will be introduced to important The visitor experience will be the orientation and VISITOR historical, archeological, & natural significance introduction of the Park through the use of minor EXPERIENCES of the Park. Availability of consolidated & wayfinding and interpretive elements. Minimal convenient facilities & activities which parking and visitor-use facilities will be complement or blend with the natural provided. (CARRYING CAPACITY environment will be available. Social interaction • medium level of use OBJECTIVE) and Park staff may be readily available. • contact with others Development outside the Park’s boundaries will be clearly evident.

• high level of use • frequent contact with others

• overnight use allowed in designated • no overnight use camping areas (including exploring VISITOR USES • on-site vehicular parking alternative-type camping) • pedestrian and equestrian access points • motorized equipment or vehicles allowed on

designated Park routes • minor staging for equestrian activities

• visitor use/support facilities, may include: • visitor use/support facilities, may include: RANGE OF - visitor center/contact station - vehicular parking - amphitheater - interpretive elements POSSIBLE - concession facilities - trailhead - vehicular parking - restrooms (vault type) FACILITIES - campgrounds - interpretive elements - picnic sites - ranger station - maintenance/operational bldg. - trailhead - restrooms

North Forty Zone Primary Historic Zone Riparian Zone Scenic Ridge Zone

This zone is on the northern fringe of the Park This zone lies in the southern half of the Park & This zone contains the major drainage area of the This zone encompasses a majority of the Park’s immediately south of Santa Susana Pass Road & contains a high concentration of cultural Park, which runs parallel with Santa Susana Pass rock outcroppings & ridges. This zone will serves as a supplemental buffer to the adjacent resources that are unique for their historical, Road. This zone serves as a critical wildlife remain rustic in nature with minimal sensitive Riparian Zone. (This zone may include archeological, & scientific significance. This corridor to adjoining open spaces. development. future development) zone includes the Old Santa Susana Stagecoach Road.

• Maintain & protect the natural character— • Maintain & protect this distinct area of • Promote, maintain, and enhance natural • Maintain & protect the natural character of promote “healing” of previous landscape outstanding cultural & natural significance characteristics of the zone, especially the this boulder-strewn landscape with its scars riparian vegetation & wildlife corridor. dominant rock outcroppings & escarpments. • Avoid or minimize impacts on cultural & • Avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts on natural resources • No development or modifications other than • No facilities or development other than cultural & natural resources to improve the wildlife corridor modifications to trails or designated

camping areas. • Facilities to complement or blend with • Avoid, minimize, or mitigate impacts on natural surroundings or historical natural & cultural resources • Avoid or minimize impacts on natural & landscapes. cultural resources

The visitor experience will be similar to the The visitor experience will be directed towards The visitor experience will be one of traveling Visitors will experience an undeveloped gateway zone; however, with fewer visitor-use understanding, preserving, & protecting the near & viewing a sensitive resource with landscape reminiscent of precontact California, facilities. historical, archeological, & scientifically minimal impact. where they can immerse themselves in the significant features of the Park. tranquility inherent to an open space experience • high to medium level of use • low level of use and exert themselves physically and mentally in • frequent contact with others • medium to low level of use • infrequent contact with others the rugged topography & undeveloped • moderate contact with others conditions. • medium to low level of use • moderate contact with others

• overnight use allowed in designated areas • no overnight use • no overnight use • primitive camping (including exploring alternative-type • no climbing or bouldering • no climbing or bouldering • climbing or bouldering camping) • Motorized equipment or vehicles will be • no motorized equipment or vehicles unless • Motorized equipment or vehicles will be limited to Park operations including Ranger required for Park operations or general limited to Park operations including Ranger • climbing or bouldering Patrols, designated parking and service maintenance Patrols, designated parking and service • vehicles allowed vehicles on existing easements, or vehicles on existing easements, or • hiking on designated trails only • hiking on designated trails only designated roads designated roads • biking on designated trails only • scientific research • hiking on designated trails only • hiking on designated trails only • equestrian use on designated trails only • equestrian use on designated trails only • biking on designated trails only • biking on designated trails only • equestrian use on designated trails only • scientific research • scientific research

• visitor use/support facilities, may include: • visitor use/support facilities, may include: • visitor use/support facilities, may include: • visitor use/support facilities, may include: - vehicular parking - restored historically significant features & - footbridges over waterways where trail re- - footbridges over waterways where trail re- - campgrounds structures routing is not feasible & where routing is not feasible & where - interpretive elements - interpretive elements hydrologically appropriate hydrologically appropriate - picnic sites - picnic sites - minor interpretive elements - historically significant structures & trails - minor maintenance/operational bldg. - restrooms - trails (not within 150 feet of riparian - interpretive elements - trailhead - trails vegetation/upper bank) - primitive toilets (only at campgrounds) - restrooms - interpretive elements - trails - trails

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Non-Traditional Visitor-Use Facilities

Table 3 Management Zone Matrix

The management zone matrix summarizes the desired conditions, different levels of visitor experiences/uses, and the possible range of facilities, based upon the Park’s natural, cultural, aesthetic, and recreational resources.

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park