March 29, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8329 existing excise tax rates on communica­ retroactively which have not been de­ LINE tion services and on automobiles, and to ducted from their paychecks, which Thomas D. Davies Ernest W. Dobie, Jr. apply more generally the provisions re­ would be a hardship and a burden on Fillmore B. Gilkeson Dick H. Guinn lating to payments of estimated tax by them. John R. Wadleigh Maurice F. Weisner corporations. My amendment would make the ef­ Burton R. Shupper Roy M. Isaman Frederick E. Janney Frederick H. Michaelis Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. President, fective date of the surtax the first day Robert B. Erly Roy G. Anderson if there be no further business to come of the month following whatever da;te Valdemar G. Lambert William E. Lemos before the Senate, I move that the Senate the bill is signed into law. Ben B. Pickett Gerald E. Miller stand in adjournment until 12 o'clock Leslie J. O'Brien, Jr. Isaac C. Kidd, Jr. noon on Monday. William N. Leonard James F. Calvert Mr. BYRD of Virginia. Mr. President, ADJOURNMENT TO MONDAY Walter L. Small, Jr. Elmo R. Zumwalt, Jr. Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. President, Lucien B. McDonald James J. Stilwell will the Senator withdraw that motion, Leroy V. Swanson John W. Dolan, Jr. and yield briefly to me? if there is no further business to come Frank W. Vannoy William C. Hushing Mr. LONG .of Louisiana. How much before the Senate, I move that the Sen­ Thomas J. Rudden, Jr. James H. Smith, Jr. time does the Senator from Virginia ate stand in adjournment until 12 o'clock Charles D. Nace Kenan C. Childers, Jr. require? noon on Monday next. Lloyd R. Vasey Mr. BYRD of Virginia. Two minutes. The motion was agreed to; and (at 3 MEDICAL CORPS Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. President, o'clock and 45 minutes p.m.) the · Sen­ Frank B. Voris I withdraw the motion and yield 2 min­ ate adjourned until · Monday, April 1, SUPPLY CORPS 1968, at 12 o'clock meridian. utes to the Senator from Virginia. Fowler W. Martin AMENDMENT NO. 692 Frederic W. Corle Mr. BYRD of Virgini·a. Mr. President, CONFffiMATIONS Joseph L. Howard IN THE NAVY I send an amendment to the desk, and Executive nominations confirmed by ask thwt it be printed. The nominations beginning Peter D. Ab­ the Senate March 29 (legislative day of bott, to be lieutenant commander, and end­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The March 27), 1968: amendment will be received and printed, ing Paul F. Bolding, Jr., to be a permanent U.S. Am FORCE chief warrant officer (W-3) and a temporary and will lie on the table. Lt. Gen. Jack G. Merrell, FR1687 (major chief warrant officer (W-4), which nomina­ Mr. BYRD of Virginia. The purpose of general, Regular Air Force), U.S. Air Force, tions were received by the Senate and ap­ this amendment is as follows: As I un­ to be assigned to positions of importance and peared in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD on derstand the pending proposal, if the responsibility designated by the President, in March 18, 1968. surtax is agreed to, it would become ef­ the grade of general, under the provisions of IN THE NAVY AND MARINE CORPS fective April 1. is now obviQus that section 8066, title 10, of the United States The nominations beginning William M. It Code. the bill will not be enacted by that 1ate, Adney, to be ensign in the Navy, and ending U.S. NAVY Francis P. Warrington, to be second lieuten­ and 1t seems to me that, unless the date The .following-named officers of the Navy ant in the Marine Corps, which nominations i·s changed, wage earners and other tax­ for permanent promotion to the grade of were received by the Senate and appeared in payers will be called upon to pay taxes rear admiral: the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD on March 18, 1968.

Speech by Senator Jordan, of Idaho, Be­ can life, but also upon future generations. Jil.nd Space, and Joint Economic Committees, Senator JoRDAN has added a significant as well as a member of the Lewis and Clark fore Washington, D.C., Section of So­ contribution to the problem of how we Trail Commission and of the Public Land Law Review Commission, it is quite evident ciety of American Foresters must aproach this important question in that I am exposed to many of the current order to strike the proper balance to flt problems concerning uses not only of our the needs of the greatest public interest land but of ·the space above as well. In view HON. GORDON ALLOTT in managing and utilizing our great na­ of these complexities it may well be that at OF COLORADO tional treasure of land and its related times we can be compared to an old Idaho IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES resources. judge who said, "I have no trouble making Friday, March 29, 19·68 Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- up my mind on a case until I have heard sent that the speech by Senator JoRDAN both sides." That is one of the many ad­ Mr. ALLOTT. Mr. President, a few d~ys be printed in the Extensions of Remarks. vantages of living in this great country. We ago I had the great ~le~sure of. readmg There being no objection, the speech do have the privilege of hearing both sides the remarks of the dlstmguished Sena- · was ordered to be printed in the RECORD of any issue, and we should make full use tor from Idaho [Mr. JORDAN] before the as follows· ' and really appreciate the freedom of speech washington, D.C., Section of the Society · which we have. of American Foresters on March 19, 1968. SPEECH BY SENATOR LEN B. JoRDAN BEFORE If I could in one word express what I con­ I think all Members Of the Senate con- THE WASHINGTON, D.C., SECTION OF THE sider the paramount goal in our land uses I SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS, MARCH would say "balance." This word according to tinue to recognize and appreciate the 19, 1968 Webster means equilibrium, equality, to com­ great contributions which the Senator My good friends it has been said that pare, to counterbalance, equal or to make from Idaho continues to make to this "Man is the product of his environment." As equal, adjust or to settle. body. is usual in making such a general statement, Multi-purpose is often used where land From his particular vantage point as a this is only partially true. Many other vari­ is utilized for Inany purposes, but we must member of the Committee on Interior abies enter into the complexities which affect balance our land to fit the needs of a par­ and Insular Affairs, the Committee on people and which help to mold our civ111za­ ticular period of time. We also must balance Public works, the Committee on Aero- tion. Certainly the proper use of our land and the use of any specific a.rea of land to those nautical and Space Sciences, and the related resources has a major influence, not lands which are adjacent or nearby if we Joint Economic Committee, as well as of only on those now living but on generations are to serve the greatest public interest. To yet unborn. do this where we have private, municipal, the Public Land Law Review Commission, It is ·timely and pertinent that those of county, state or federally owned land in the Senator JORDAN has the unique capacity us who now have some responsib111ty con­ same gener&l location, or if we ·have any to add significantly to the work of the cerning the highest and best use of our land combination of these ownerships we must Senate-a capacity which he continually resources should meet to analyze and dis­ have full cooperation and coordination. draws upon to add new dimensions and cuss the subject, "The land use: Who calls We also should define "public interest." insight into contemporary problems. the shots." The subject is well-chosen and How much consideration should be given In his prepared remarks, Senator JoR- you have heard outstanding land economists to the needs and wishes of local people, com­ discuss the matter in depth here today. pared to a greater number of people who are DAN addressed himself to the question of I am honored and certainly appreciate this far removed from any specific land. Because the influence which the proper use of our opportunity to meet with such a distin­ some of the l,and is in federal ownership each land and related resources may have, not guished group of people. As a member of the person feels that he should have an equal only upon the quality of present Ameri- Senate Interior, Public Works, Aeronautical voice in its use and management. 8330 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 29, 1968 We may compare, for discussion purposes, our land development and how much land Through current management programs Western public range lands whlch are used development may have been retarded if the our watersheds fulfill many needs and require for watershed management, growing of tim­ "Plymouth Colony Planning and Zoning the close cooperation between private own­ ber, furnishing forage for livestock and wild­ Commission" could have envisioned our pres­ ers and representatives of public ownership. life, supplying local needs for camping, ent existing uses of land and attempted to Landowners are permitting wildlife to feed picnicking, hunting, fishing and for the classify in advance, lands that through their and winter on their private lands. These own­ production of minerals, to lands involved in crystal ball would be needed for railroads, ers also permit hunting both for wild fowl a federal highway which is near a congested highways, parks, wilderness areas, green belt and wildlife on their land. Sunbathers, rock city. In the first category a local advisory spaces, transmission lines, natural gas lines, hounds, fishermen, picnickers, and other out­ committee usually assists the land manager airports, runways and beltways, to mention door enthuasia sts are usually allowed on or supervisor to develop the proper program. only a few. most private lands. True we have a few In the second instance a local community Even this city of Washington, D.C. was se­ landowners who do not cooperate but with planni.ng or zoning commission or group lected principally as a compromise for the the power of eminent domain we can acquire make recommend·ations concerning limited Capitol of our country not because, at that access or the land itself if we can show a access, overpass or possibly the need for a time it was classified as being suitable for a real need. traffic control facility on such a highway so Capital City. The land was mostly swampy Private land ownership is, in reality, a that children may cross this busy street to and undesirable and the area where the Capi­ stewardship and such land should be man­ get to their schools. In either instance local tol now stands, because of its slight eleva­ aged so it will be available for future gener­ interest should have full consideration so tion, no doubt was choice hunting ground for ations in as good or better condition than the land uses will be compatible with the wild game. Later through an evolutionary when the present owner acquired it. In addi­ need. In other instances such as Yellowstone process it possibly bec·ame a farm, and still tion, of course, the owner must make a profit National Park where national or even inter­ later some of the area was a row-housing and pay taxes to assist in caring for our national public interest is involved a dif­ development. From that it has gradually de­ governmental needs. We expect and require ferent situation exists. veloped to its present use. So our planning as good or better management on our public We do not want to have our land admin­ must be practical and realistic, it must be lands as on private or state lands. We must istrators in the same position as the Bible based primarily on current needs. Our laws all work with and not against nature. The story where the Lord had fasted for 40 days also provide methods of acquiring any land evidence of this lack 0f proper use occurs, and was weak with hunger. The Devil ap­ the public may need when such use has been not only in our country, but in older proached Him and after taking the Lord to fully justified. countries. a high mountain showed Him a beautiful In "calling the shots" or using land for its Several years ago I spent a summer in valley with sparkling cold water, green grass highest and best use landowners and man­ Afghanistan investigating the economic and tall trees. He told the Lord if He would agers must cooperate and, in a sense, coordi­ feasibility of a large reclamation develop­ forsake His program and join with the Devil, nate or balance their operations and pro­ ment. I found that certain centuries of He would give Him half of all these things. grams. In some particular tracts such as those watershed abuse had first removed all of But as you know, the Devil didn't own one in National Parks, defense sites, fish and the timber from the slopes of the higher acre of those lands. game refuges, atomic energy plant sites and elevation. Overgrazing had contributed to The word conservationist has never been others, a very definite paramount purpose the destruction of the grass cover by leaving fully explained. We have working conserva­ has been established. insufficient vegetation to retard the run-off. tionists and we have writing or vocal con­ Of the 180 million acres of land managed Erosion was inevitable and devastating al­ servationists who are sometimes called dedi­ by the U.S. Forest Service, however, and the most beyond belief. Soil movement had bared cated conservationists. Each of these groups 475 million acres managed by the Bureau of the hillsides to bedrock so that there was is important in developing and implementing Land Management, multiple-use can and in little more run-off retardation than from a conservation program. Each is important most instances should be practiced. Much of the roof of a building. in analyzing and implementing proper land these lands are either intermingled or ad­ Masonry arched bridges perhaps a quarter uses so we may achieve the best results. To jacent to state or private lands. Fire presup­ of a mile long stood stark and desolate in do this we need better communication be­ pression, fire protection, and fire fighting, in­ the desert, mute evidence to the fact that tween these two groups of conservationists sect control, noxious and poisonous weed a rampaging river had damned its own chan­ than we have had at times in the past. The programs, predator control projects and oth­ nel by logging debris against the bridge piers public should be made fully aware of the ers too numerous to mention are involved. and then cutting a new channel as if in part that each group plays in the total land We see again there must be full understand­ defiance of man's efforts to contain it. At used effort, one to help the public under­ ing and cooperation between the land man­ flood state the river was a monster out of stand the problems, the other to actually agers and owners, if we are to continue to control. In the heat of summer when water put conservation practices to use. I fully be­ improve our present uses. was most needed the river would shrink to lieve it is possible for members of these We have made wonderful progress since a docile, sluggish stream, an altogether in­ somewhat separate categories of conserva­ the beginning of this century in securing adequate fraction of its flood stage. In this tionists to disagree in some respect without this type of cooperation. I want to pay trib­ same country I have seen drifting sand being disagreeable. Some communication ute at this time to the managers of these dunes uncover the houses of the village that barriers should be broken down. federal and state agencies, to private land­ was once the center of an irrigated agricul­ Out west two adjoining owners of lands owners, as well as research, educational ture community. Here was a civilization that which are fenced have a "common shared agencies and individuals. Through improved had perished for lack of water. This is a boundary." It is necessary to agree on cer­ seed, wise use of pesticides and insecticides, silent indictment of man's refusal to observe tain land use practices in this same way if better equipment and knowledge gained sound conservation practice. we are to have the best balanced use of through research, our farmers and ranchers On the other hand, if we fail to use our our land resources now and in the future. are producing more food than we can pres­ resources through complete preservation we We also need to develop more common ently use in this country in spite of our can go to another extreme. In the 1930's boundaries and to fully understand the dif­ t remendous population growth. The consum­ several five-acre enclosures were fenced on ference reality and illusion in developing ers are able to eat better on a smaller per­ public domain land in the state of Nevada. land use planning. centage of their take-home pay than at any When I looked at some of these a few years I fully subscribe to planning and zoning time in history. ago I found that through non-use large old of land uses so we may develop programs in Our fish and game numbers have doubled bitter brush and big sagebrush had taken advance to meet our future needs with the and tripled in many instances. In fact when over and there was little or no browse or very minimum of disruption of existing land Lewis and Clark made their historic expedi­ useable grass growing in these fenced areas. use. No one really likes the new. We are all tion in 1804 they were hard put at times to Conservation usually means wise use and in a sense, afraid of change. If we are to find wild game and food when only a few not in most instances complete preservation. progress, however, we must accept change. thousand Indians were eking out a scant A Public Land Law Review Commission But we must be sure change is necessary. living fmm the lands in the west. Now al­ was created by congressional action to study This applies to land use, and each day we though our hunters greatly exceed the num­ all land use and related laws as well as the see some new highway, some new building, ber of Indians we had at that time, we are regulations which govern them. We cannot a new canal or other change in our land pat­ able to produce additional food to feed mil­ make this study without taking into account, tern. lions of people. of course, the operations of our state and History tells us that changes have taken Minerals from our lands provide raw ma­ private lands as well as federal lands. Con­ place in the country, but none of us in this terials which helped to build the greatest in­ tracts for studies with outstanding research fast moving age can foretell with any degree dustrial empire the world has ever seen and groups have already been made on about a of accuracy what land pattern changes are supply the nation's sinews of war. From these third of those that will be studied. The likely very far in the future. We should use minerals are forged the vehicles of our trans­ others are being readied for submission for history and, of course, past experience, along portation system and the energy to keep our study. It would seem that the millions of with all available resource information to ar­ cars, trucks, buses, trains, airplanes and dollars that are being spent and the research rive at some meaningful land use plans for tractors operating. that is being developed in connection with the future. But let us be practical. Land use In forestry our sustained yield policy is this that we should not move too fast too sets a pattern for higher use which cannot geared to provide wood products in per­ soon on new regulations or legislation. If be determined very far in advance. petuity. Our lands are now producing more we do not have an emergency we should not I sometimes wonder what would happen to timber than we are cutting. create one. We should move with caution on March 29, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8331 new legislation or changes in regulations, resolve any issues." Sometimes a further field, which in the Cold War-the war to unless we do have an emergency situation. thought is added: "Let them propagandize; move minds and win hearts-encompasses all I hope that landowners, land administra­ we'll maintain our military strength. Propa­ else. tors, researchers, and educators will all join ganda won't help us, but superior military * * * • together in assisting to find the right answers strength will." Skakespeare in Macbeth In present as well as future circumstances in connection with the studies we are now showed a keener insight. the relentless pursuit by Moscow to foist the making. I hope we can find the balance of Statements of this type miss the whole Soviet Russian image upon the non-totali­ use of our lands for which we are all seeking. point of the Oold War. First, look up the tarian Free World will only serve to under­ This can only be done if we each understand definition of propaganda. It is not the of­ score the urgency _of properly characterizing the problems of the other segments of our fensive or meaningless word you may think the Soviet Union as it really is and of form­ land use, research and educational groups. it to be. Propaganda means ideas, concepts, ulating plans of positive action accordingly. In conclusion, I would leave this thought doctrines, systems of thought which, re­ The main character of Moscow's policy is with you. Never, let us forget the interde­ gardless of their validity or lack of v·alidity, propagandistic and psycho-political; its pendence of land and water. Whether our ultimately d·etermine ·and shape the be­ military power is in reality secondary. This interest in these resources derives as owners, havior and actions of men, whether ra­ character is in complete harmony with the renters or custodians for all of the people tionally or irrationally. All revolutions owe traditional cold war nature of Russian we must remember that we are stewards their birth and development to propaganda; diplomacy. only-no one has yet devised a way to take men have laid down both their lives and even a small parcel of these resources with arms because of propaganda. * • us when we cross the bar. They come to us The peculiarities of current thinking on as our heritage. Let us use them wisely and * * * * * the USSR, both in the United States and in well with full dedication to the proposition Keeping these points in mind, it should Western Europe, are four in number. One that by the very nature of what is best for be evident by now that one of the most stra­ is the careless and literal confusion of na­ all of us, we must pass this legacy on to tegic concepts in our psychopolitical warfare tion and state. Second, in a persistent his­ future generations as good or better than it against imperialist Moscow is the captive torical void, "Communism" continues to be came to us. Only in this way can we dis­ non-Russian nations in the USSR. Herein unrealistically reified. Third, the ramifica­ charge our own responsibilities as keepers lies the new frontier of understanding and tions of monolithic imputations to the USSR of the precious resources which for one brief combating the USSR. There is no question extend into every imaginable sphere-the moment in history is ours to cherish and but that this will become the primary con­ political, economic, cultural, scientific, and protect. cept in our cold war operations against the so forth. And fourth, a double standard is Soviet Russian Empire. It is only a question knowingly or inadvertently maintained in of time-time for more shock treatments ad­ connection with different areas of U.S. rela­ ministered by colonialist Moscow in Africa, tions. Taken in combination, these peculiar New Frontiers of Understanding the Asia, the Middle East, a.nd Latin America; aspects portray a distorted picture of the U.S.S.R. time for more Red totalitarian takeovers in Soviet Union, reinforce the image Moscow any of these areas via the classic imperialist seeks to establish permanently of its own Russian cold war principle of divide et im­ empire, and insure a major disadvantage for HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI pera,· time for a sobering realization in the us in the cold war contest. United States that man with all his com­ OF ILLINOIS plement of ideas, will, convictions, faith, * * * * IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Another outstanding example of the first courage, and cunning will always be the peculiarity is President Kennedy's con­ Thursday, March 28, 1968 ultimate weapon. tradictory statements. As we observed, dur­ * * * * ing the 1960 Presidential campaign he de­ Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, there Several years ago an expert on polwar plored the Eisenhower Administration's use is no greater, general misconception held wrote: "If Russians who claim to be anti­ of such terms as "Soviet nation" and "Soviet in our coun·try than that the Soviet Communists refuse to extend the goal of people." Yet, in his State of the Union ad­ Union is "Russia," "a nation," "a coun­ freedom to non-Russians, then we must dress he declared, "I now invite all na­ try of over 200 million Russians." This wonder whose side such Russians will be ti?ns-inclu~,ing the Soviet Union- to join grave misconception is almost daily en­ on when a showdown comes." The author of Wlth US ••.• countered not only in the private realm this observation was himself at first skepti­ Concerning the second peculiarity, the cal about the contention that a basic com­ reification of Communism, it would seem but also in the highest official circles. Re­ mon denominator exists between the Rus­ poli­ that the spectacular Hungarian Revolution grettably, many of our misdirected sian totalitarians in Moscow and a sizable alone should have convinced us of the ob­ cies toward the U.S.S.R. are based on this number of empire-minded Russian emigres jective sterility and vacuity of Communism. misconception and will undoubtedly cost in the Free World. This denominator has Unfortunately, this impression was not last­ us much in this historic struggle with been the preservatior:. of the primary Rus­ ing, for in the period following, especially Soviet Russian imperiocolonialism sian Empire now paraded about as the Soviet in 1959, the unreal contest between "Com­ The new book on "The Vulnerable Union. Close experience helped to dissolve munism" and capitalism was revived, and Russians" explodes this basic misconcep­ the author's early skepticism. many continued to be prepossessed with the * notion of "fighting Communism." Despite tion and illuminates the new frontiers of the fact there are no such real entities, terms It The plain fact is that no foreign army or understanding the U.S.S.R. also sets subversive machine had ever overtaken Rus­ such as "Communist nations" and "Com­ forth concrete recommendations for a sia in the imperialist manner that the Soviet munist peoples'' became rampant in Western rapid rectification of the Red empire. Russian aggressors invaded the Baltic coun­ use. Authored by Dr. Lev E. Dobriansky of tries, Ukraine, Poland, and others, whether * Georgetown University, the book is lu­ directly or indirectly. The Bolshevik Revolu­ In classes at Georgetown University and cidly written, quite revealing in many tion and all that followed was thoroughly elsewhere, the writer has for many years areas, and well documented throughout. and completely a Russian phenomenon. insisted on a concretist definition of Com­ With broad perspective, it shows the munism from those who uncritically apply blinders of misunderstanding by which THE CAPTIVE NON-RUSSIAN NATIONS IN THE the term to the Soviet Union or any other our policymakers have approached the U.S.S.R. sector of Moscow's empire. Even Soviet Rus­ Russian problem. In a sense this essential polwar concept sian tergiversates cannot define concretely of the non-Russian nations in the USSR is what everyone seems to bandy about loosely. "The Vulnerable Russians" is now not new. For some time it has been tied up In 1961 they conjured up this moonshine available at the Georgetown University with the righteous cause of the subjugated definition: "Communism is a classless social Bookstore, Whi·te Gravenor, Georgetown nations in the Russian Empire, the right system with one form of public ownership University, Washington, D.C. However, of national self-determination and similar of the means of production, and full social some excerpts from the book will give objectives. Naturally these ends are ·indis­ equality of all members of society; under the reader an indication of the novel na­ pensable to the existence of the concept. But it, the all-round development of people will in an instrumentalist and operational sense be accompanied by the growth of the pro­ ture of the work. ductive forces through continuous progress The excerpts follow: there has been no thorough and systematic development of the concept along lines of a in science and technology; all sources of pub­ NEW FRONTIERS OF UNDERSTANDING THE planned strategy against the modern totali­ lic wealth will gush forth abundantly, and U.S.S.R . tarianism and colonialism of Moscow. The the great principle from each according to "What man dare, I dare: Approach thou Germans made a haphazard attempt at it, his ability, to each according to his needs like the rugged Russian bear."-Macbeth and disclosed documents of World War II will be implemented." By now you may well be saying, "Propa­ well attest to its character. Elevated as an ganda? This could not possibly be the major instrument of thought and action, and logi· The final peculiar aspect, our double clue for beating the Russians in the Cold cally distinguished but not divorced from standard, is a highly vulnerable point in War. After all, propaganda is just propa­ certain moral and political ends, the concept U.S. foreign relations. In fact, its presence ganda, words and more words which cannot is a most powerful device in the propaganda makes for manifest contradictions in our 8332 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 29, 1968 offi.cial utterances and policies. For instance, The sorry confusion of state and nation with bating the USSR will become even more our Presidents have frequently held out for reference to the Soviet Union is readily re­ clear. the freedom and independence of all nations, solved by the adoption and use of the de­ • • • • • large and small, but when concrete projects termining concept of the non-Russian na­ Whether there be a Stalinist or a Khru­ arise in connection with most of the non­ tions in the USSR. The concept also counter­ shchevian climate in the Soviet Union and Russian nations in the USSR, a vague and acts the use of such baseless terms as "the other sectors of Moscow's empire, cultivated self-defeating position of non-predetermina­ Soviets," "the Soviet nation," "the Soviet psycho-political means can be employed with tion is maintained. We are quick to recog­ people," and the like. uncanny fiexibllity and maneuverabllity. As nize the independence of entities in Africa, • • we shall see, on the diplomatic level, in one which could hardly be deemed nations, but Emphasis on Moscow's totalitarian im­ situation we might be compelled to sever we are afraid to uphold the long-established perialism is a second workable requisite. It relations with the master and dependent Red independence aspirations of real national is totally in accord with historical fact and capitals in the empire; in another, such organisms in the immediate environment of current political reality. Such emphasis is as now, we should be extending these rela­ the avowed enemy. obviously related as a necessary support to tions to the non-Russian capitals in the • • • • • our primary concept. We noted before that USSR. By taking this latter step, we would Several months after the Captive Nations when the Hungarians revolted in 1956 the be fully recognizing the nations involved Week explosion in 1959, Moscow suddenly battle cry was both "Freedom!" and "Russki and thus reinforcing the national pride and began publishing and distributing through go home." When the Georgians rioted in appetites of these non-Russian peoples. London sources a series called The Fifteen March and May of the same year, public Soviet Republics, Today and Tomorrow. buildings in Tiflis were chalked with the These are only a few indications of the From December, 1959 to April, 1960 these slogan, "Long Live an Independent Georgia." possib111ties and opportunities open to us in booklets were prepared in typical Potemkin When the Germans invaded Ukraine in 1941, this deadly contest. Even these in combina­ Village style. Puppet ministers of the non­ they were greeted with fiowers and mass tion stand to demolish the spurious "Rus­ Russian republics introduced their respec­ cries for independence from the Russian sian image" being built by adroit Moscow tive domains to the reader. Thus, for ex­ masters. These cases can be multiplied in­ propaganda. But before a successful pro­ ample, the chairman of the Ukrainian SSR definitely, going back to the conquest of the gram along these lines can be launched, Oouncil of Ministers, N. Kalshenko, presented first array of non-Russian nations at the sound working conceptions and concepts the "happy and prosperous" conditions of beginning of the 20's. Foreign domination must first anchor our thoughts and percep­ Ukraine, which, for him "is one of Russia's with totalitarian reins-meaning Russiar--is tions in relation to the problem facing us. biggest industrial areas." the crucial and overall fact in all of these Without this, we can only hope to drift • • • • cases. aimlessly from project to project at con­ Moreover, there is no question but that siderable cost to ourselves. And second, a Khrushchev's prime mission in the U.N. As­ Beyond the propaganda smoke screen of new frontier or a real bridge of understand­ sembly in 1960 was to defiect attention from "independent socialist countries," including ing is yet to be reached by our successive colonialism in the USSR by concentrating on even the non-Russian nations in the USSR, Administrations in the region of foreign af­ colonial vestiges in the Free World. This is the opaque reality of Soviet Russian fairs. Our fundamental concept points to the was his way of replying further to the cap­ colonialism. Knowing the usual output of new frontier-a genuine bridge of under­ tive Nations Week Resolution. Even the Western scholars, I cannot agree with the standing peoples and nations rather than USSR Embassy in Washington has come into observation made by a quoted official study Red regimes-in U.S. foreign relations. the potemkinistic act for the benefit of that "Western scholars of Soviet affairs agree Americans showing an interest in the stra­ on the imperial-colonial character of the tegic non-Russian concept. The scandalous U.S.S.R." This condition, too, is interwoven UNESCO study prepared by subsidized "Red with the polwar non-Russie.n concept. Mos­ scholars" in 1962 would make a story in cow has been the center Of imperialist con­ Support for Report of Advisory Commis­ itself. quest over all the captive non-Russian na­ sion on Civil Disorders It is most important to recall that in that tions now being fallaciously represented as 15th General Assembly of the United Na­ "the socialist countries." tions, both Prime Minister John Diefenbaker HON. FRED R. HARRIS of Canada and the Chinese Nationalist Am­ • • • • bassador, Dr. Tingfu F. Tsiang, only The full exposure of Soviet Russian coloni­ OF OKLAHOMA scratched the surface of the captive non­ alism would further reveal the existence of an IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES extended Soviet Russian empire with differ­ Russian nations issue, but both immediately Friday, March 29, 1968 became targets of Moscow's tirade. On the ent sets of relationships contained within, dominant question of colonialism and im­ such as that of the Russian and non-Russian Mr. HARRIS. Mr. President, the U.S. perialism, the subject of the captive non­ within the USSR, that of Moscow and the so-called sa.tellites in Central Europe, and the Commission on Civil Rights on March Russian nations in the USSR was a natural 15 issued a strong and welcome state­ one for us to advance in order to gain a Moscow-Peking, Moscow-Belgrade, Moscow­ strong offensive in the debate. But, un­ Havana relationships. Whatever the moti­ ment of support for the report of the fortunately, we scarcely raised it. vation behind theb, oft-used references to President's National Advisory Commis­ "the Soviet bloc," "Communist bloc," indeed, sion on Civil Disorders. The Commission • • • even "the Soviet Empire," lack the existential But it is illuminating that in 1960 the then on Civil Rights commends the report as pungency and operational significance of the "a challenging and significant document Under Secretary of State, Douglas D11lon, conception advanced here. The infrequent referred to these captives and said: "The critioism in a few circles that this requisite which should awaken the American peo­ Armenians, the Georgians, the Ukrainians, implicates the Russian people is without ple to the urgency of our domestic crisis." the Tatars, the Turkomans, Uzbeks, and logical point in this context. The oppressed They conclude their statement by say­ Tadzhiks---and many others who attempted ing: to escape from the Czarist 'prison-house of Russian people, as a whole, bave little to nations,' as Marx called it--were thrust by do with this political phenomenon. More­ We share with the National Advisory force into the Communist straitjacket." Re­ over, continual stress on the empire char-. Commission on Civil Disorders the convic­ gardless of some conceptual inaccuracies in acter of the Soviet Union and its legalistic tion that this Nation is on a course leading the statement, it is nevertheless a decided extensLons in Oen tral Europe and Eastern rapidly toward polarizing the black and mark of progress, an advance in our official Asia leaves no room for the imputation of white communities into separate and un­ thinking about the Soviet Union. After all, monolith.ism in any form. equal societies. Along with the Advisory only a few years before the Department • • • Commission, we believe that the trend can taught, in its Soviet Affairs Notes (No. 156} : Mention should be made here of another be reversed only by acting now to make the "The term 'Ukraine' is itself a modern po­ conclusive and pragmatic test of the de­ elimination of racism and poverty within litical rather than a historical term. It was termining COllcept of the captive non­ our own borders the Nation's first priority. invented in the nineteenth century by na­ Russian nations in the USSR. In 1960 the I tionalists seeking to detach the southwestern writer succeeded in having a measure passed ask unanimous consent that the borderlands of Russia from the Tsarist Em­ by Congress honoring Taras Shevchenko. A statement be printed in the Extensions pire." century ago our own great tradition of inde­ of Remarks. • pendence, freedom, and constitutional gov­ There being no objection, the state­ REQUISITES OF REORIENTATION ernment rubbed off on this heroic Ukrain­ ment was ordered to be printed in the ian poet and humanist. The Congressional RECORD, as follows: The four requisites are: ( 1) the strategic tribute vexed Moscow so much that a whole WASHINGTON, D.C.-The U.S. Commission polwar concept of the non-Russian nations barrage of verbal assault against the author on Civil Rights today released the following in the USSR; (2) emphasis on Moscow's to­ and others was launched. Because of the statement on the report of the National Ad­ talitarian imperialism; (3) the full exposure pragmatic value of the test and the fact visory Commission on Civil Disorders: of Soviet Russian colonialism; and (4) the th81t this story is yet to be fully understood, The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights com­ development of a universalized Declaration a. whole chapter is devoted to the subject. mends the report of the National Advisory of Independence and all that this implies. The new frontier of understanding and com- Commission on Civil Disorders and urges March 29, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8333 support of its recommendations. The repoirt is ". . . And now they know how many holes usual suppliers have either been k1lled or a challengmg and significant document it takes to fill the Albert Hall," the soldiers run o:ff or are still too frightened to resume which should awaken the American people to sang along with the music. "I'd love to their trade. the urgency of our domestic crisis. In iden­ turn you on." As a result, the town prostitutes have be­ ti!ying white attitudes and actions which And as they sang they passed a mari­ come the only source of supply, and they have helped to create and :ma.1ntain the ghet­ juana cigarette back and forth among demand exorbitant prices for marijuana., to as the root of the problem, the report has them, breathing deeply and holding down prices that are equal to or higher than prices provided a hard dose of medicine for the the smoke and gazing at the walls, the in the States. American people. But the hope of this Nation ceil1ng, and each other. But the high cost and relative inaccessi­ lies in its capacity for sel!-oriticism and its It is a scene that I have witnessed in bUity has not cut down use. Said one Marine ab111ty to correct its feelings. almost every major city in the country, from sergeant: "Out in the field we never smoke, Thus, f.t is of the utmost importance that Saigon to Hue and Danang in the north to but here in our barracks we're smoking all national, State, and local leaders avoid the Pleiku in the central highlands to Can the time. temptation to quibble over detaUs of the re­ Tho and Soc Trang in the Mekong Delta. "I'd say half the guys in this town smoke port, to ignore its clear warnings, or to re­ For though military spokesmen deny it, grass a lot." spond with superficial remedies. In the weeks a tremendous number of American service­ Throughout the Mekong Delta the situ­ and months that lie ahead this report should men and civil1ans in Vietnam are smoking ation is the same, with the possible exception strengthen thoughtful Americans everywhere marijuana on a regular basis. Throughout that marijuana is cheaper there than any­ in their resolve not to yield to the blind the country marijuana is readily available where else in the country. In Chau Doc, near urgings of violence or repression. at unbelievably inexpensive prices and the Cambodian border, a quarter of a pound Since its establishment 11 years ago, our heavily in use. of marijuana sells for 500 piastres (about Commission has investigated the status of the Warned a recent editorial in the 7th Air $4.25) , whUe a kilogram bag can be bought Negro and other minority groups through­ Force newspaper: "Marihuana, a£ well as the !or 4,000 piastres (Just under $34) . out this land. It has reported to the Presi­ narcotic drugs, are things you should remem­ And in one provincial capital in the Delta, dent, the Congress, and the public the sad ber to 'steer clear of' at all times. the local CIA "spook", a Vietnamese with a history of depdvation, discrimination, and "In addition to the harmful medical effects, weighty French background, is the marijuana. prejudice which has denied justice and eco­ the mere curiosity of buying a. 'numbah one supplier for the town. nomic security to mi111ons of nonwhite cigarette' from a cyclo driver may lead to a. But nothing compares with Saigon. Americans. Our experience over this period military court-martial with its resultant jail In addition to the Tu Do Street merchants, has deepened our belie! that the only ulti­ terms, forfeitures of pay and allowances, and marijuana can be purchased with ease from mate guarantee of equal justice and civic a possible punitive expulsion from the Serv­ any cab driver or in practically any store. order is the creation of a truly integrated ice." The bars are all sources Of supply, with society. We share with the National Advisory But not many Gl's are being scared by the special bars, like Mom's, coming in for special Commission on Civil Disorders the conviction threatened penalties. The mere mention of praise from GI's throughout the capital area. that this Nation is on a course leading "con xa." (Vietnamese slang for marijuana) Mom's has no bar girls, but it is closely rapidly toward polarizing the black and white brings instant recognition from taxi drivers, watched by military authorities. communities into separate and unequal sidewalk vendors, and children playing in the Though Cokes and beers are relatively ex­ societies. streets anywhere in the country. pensive, the "free lunch" entices the cus­ Along with the Advisory Commission, we And the recognition is invariably followed tomers. For here, instead of seeing little believe that the trend can be reversed only by the question: "How much you buy?" plates of peanuts about, a visitor sees llttle by acting now to make the elimination of Prices vary widely depending both on the plates of hashish, to which customers are in­ racism and property within our own borders supply and the amount of pressure being put vited to "help themselves." the Nation's first priority. on Vietnamese officials to crack down on A man assigned to Tan Son Nhut Airbase The statement was signed by John A. Han­ sales. But even at the highest prices, mari­ just outside of Saigon doesn't even have to nah, Chairman, President of Michigan State juana costs a fraction of what it sells !or leave the base to buy marijuana. Little Viet­ University; Eugene Patterson, Vice Chair­ in the States. namese beer stands set up in the rear of the man, Editor, Atlanta Constitution; Frankie As one Air Force sergeant observed: "A base, outside the Ellis Compound, fill all M. Freeman, Commissioner, Associate Gen­ nickel bag out here costs just that: five orders. Sold in what look like unopened packs eral Counsel of the St. Louis Housing and cents." of regular American cigarettes, the marijuana Land Clearance Authorities; Rev. Theodore Usually, though, marijuana cigarettes are has been conveniently packed into what once M. Hesburgh, C.S.C., Commissioner, Presi­ sold, already rolled, in cellophane packets of were Salems or Winstons. dent, University of Notre Dame; Robert S. ten. Such a packet, containing "joints" the Even the cellophane has not been removed Rankin, Commissioner, Professor of Political size of a regular non-filter cigarette, costs from the packages of repacked cigarettes. Science, Duke University; and W1lliam L. anywhere from $1 to $2.50. Only a small piece of scotch tape near the Taylor, Staff Director. In Saigon the packets can be purchased at bottom of the pack indicates that the ciga­ any cigarette stand on Tu Do Street and rettes it contains have been tampered with vicinity, in the heart of the capital's down­ in any way. town area. And now that the City is back on Such a pack of cigarettes usually sells for limits to servicemen, a number of Gl's can $2. Student Reporters in Vietnam-VII invariably be seen clustered around the Viet­ In Bien Hoa, a large airbase 20 miles from namese suppliers. Saigon, a carton of "Winstons" sells for $30. Danang-based soldiers usually find it nec­ But closer to town, on "100-p alley" (with HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL essary to travel to China Beach near the USO "p" standing for piastre, and the whole alley OF NEW YORK in order to purchase marijuana. There, a. named for the cost of a prostitute), the same half-mile long stretch of thatched bungalows carton can be bought for $20. "There's so IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES serves as the local supply point. much marijuana in that alley," said one Friday, March 29, 19B8 A prospective customer looks over the as­ soldier "that if it ever caught fire it would sortment of Vietnamese flags, stolen combat stone out all of Saigon." Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, I am gear, knives, and Oriental souvenirs, and then, And the marijuana that is there is rumored pleased to insert into the RECORD two new turning to the proprietor, says, "Marijuana." to be the proverbial Cambodian Red, which, dispatches by Lee Dembart and Ralph "Fi' dollar, thirty," comes the answer, but heady GI's insist, is far better than Acapulco Paladino, students from Queens College everyone in Danang holds out for 10 cents Gold. now reporting from Vietnam for their apiece, thus buying 50 cigarettes for $5 or The extent of marijuana use varies 20 for $2 or 10 for $1. throughout the country. But it is never diffi­ college newspapers. Or, if China Beach is too inaccessible, cult to find a group of soldiers who are in to These most recent dispatches serve to there are other supply areas in Danang. A the marijuana scene in their area, know highlight the continuing agony of Viet­ report has it that one Vietnamese is doing where to get it, what to pay for it, and whom nam. Mr. Dembart's article gives shock­ a $30-a-day business half a block from Naval to smoke it with. ing evidence of the widespread use of headquarters. One highly reliable source says that the And across the street from the airbase BX use of marijuana is "extensive" everywhere marihuana and other drugs by Ameri­ a crowd of children scampers up and down in Vietnam, especially among the troops in cans in Vietnam, and Mr. Paladino de­ the dirt sidewalk, ready, w1lling, and eager the field, where greater tension combines with scribes at length the problems that to produce marijuana for anyone who asks. less supervision to produce favorable con­ American troops are encountering in try­ In Cam Ranh Bay, site of a major U.S. ditions for smoking. ing to control the Mekong Delta, the logistics supply area, almost every bar in the Those who are picked up by the military breadbasket of Vietnam. V1lla.ge will sell marijuana for the asking. or air police face anything from a repri­ And says one sergeant stationed there: "A mand to a dishonorable discharge and five­ The articles follow: lot of guys are doing the asking." year jail term. (By Lee Dembart) Hue, in the north of the country, presents But before any punishment can be im­ SAIGON.-The lights were low and the tape a special problem. The town suffered greatly posed, the seized marijuana must be ana­ recorder was loud, and the sweet smell of and was in large part destroyed during the lyzed chemically, a process which is accom­ marijuana hung over the barracks. Tet offensive seven weeks ago. Many of the plished at Camp Zama, Japan. 8334 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 29, 1968 Every month, sources claim, Camp Zama spot search of personal belongings is con­ whatever outposts the VC choose not to de­ reports 400 to 500 positive identifications ducted. Military officials deny that searches stroy, anJi portions of the major river and of marijuana from Vietnam alone. And, con­ take place, but the troops deny the denials. highways. tinue the sources, the number of people who In any event, they say, more to be feared But this is no small accomplishment, are caught is insignificant compared to the is the informant. "When you're a civilian you given the importance of the Delta's food­ number who are smoking. can choose your friends and exclude any­ stuffs to the survival of the northern cities. "And what do you say to the chief of body who's going to make a big stink about By controlling the roads and waterways and security police when he says that few peo­ it," explained a soldier. "But here there's keeping them open to traffic, the allies en­ ple if any are smoking marijunana ?" the always a Southern Baptist turning up who able food to flow to Saigon markets in a source was asked. you can't get rid of. Then you're in trouble." relatively uninterrupted stream. Underlying "I would tell him he's out of contact with An Air Force sergeant explained it a little the importance of this continuous flow is the what's going on,'' he answered. differently. "Heads are always wanting to turn often slow, always unrefrigerated transport Even the Navy has its share of marijuana on everybody,'' he said. "You get in trouble of the Delta's rice, vegetables, meat, and fish smokers. One officer aboard the Bon Homme by turning on the wrong people." from farm to city. If Route 4, which makes Richard confided there was a "considerable The military police have even discovered its way southeast from Saigon through the amount" of marijuana smoking aboard ship, some facts about marijuana that make it Delta's three most fertile provinces, is closed and that there had been a. number of ad­ easier for them to prove possession, itself for eight daylight hours, food prices in the ministrative discharges because of marijuana a punishable offense. Marijuana leaves re­ capital rise by 15 per cent. If the waterways use. portedly have thousands of microscopic hooks are closed, food could never reach the roads And last time Enterprise pulled into the all over their surface, and these hooks at­ for transport. Philippines' Subic Bay, the major supply tach themselves to clothing and the insides Keeping the waterways free is a fantastic­ source for most of the Navy, the captain of pockets. ally complicated job, It is difficult to con­ announced to the crew that if necessary "If you carried a joint on you six months ceive of the maze of rivers, canals, streams, everyone's belongings would be searched for before, there'd still be some leaves left in and ditches that criss-cross through the marijuana when they came back on board. your pocket, and they'd find them," ex­ Delta. If only because of the problems this One group of soldiers whose job is to es­ plained a reliable source. creates for any type of ground operation, the cort dead bodies from the field into the mor­ But so far the number of people who have Navy has become the one overwhelming tuaries in Saigon and Danang told a reporter been caught has been a minor fraction of American presence in the Delta. With a few that they were taking marijuana from four those who smoke. hundred ships, it is delegated the job of out of every five American dead during Tet. Perhaps it is because of a generally lenient keeping the waterways free of VC influence, "We took a pack of Camels off a lieutenant ·attitude toward marijuana that character­ interdicting VC supply lines and troop move­ last week," they said. "Turned out to be izes a large part of the military. Chuckled ments, keeping the passage open to the in­ full of joints." one chaplain who walked into a Marine bar­ land port of Saigon, and naturally killing VC. Asked whether their statistics weren't a racks in Hue to find its occupants smoking The Navy has built hundreds of new ships little high, a corporal answered, "Hell, nine marijuana, "Oh, a pot party. Well, you guys for use in the river war and broken out of out of 10 guys in the infantry smoke pot." deserve it." And he walked out. mothballs some that never were expected to But the figure varies considerably. One And a general confided to a reporter last be needed again. Twenty-four hours a day, Spec/ 4 from Nha Trang said of 20 guys in week that as far as he was concerned mari­ River Patrol Boats (PBRs) bristling with his unit, six smoked marijuana. A sergeant juana was less dangerous than alcohol and three 50-caliber and one 30-caliber machine probably ought to be legalized anyway. guns, grenade launchers, small arms, and no in Pleiku said of 25 men he knew well, "about Asked why he thought so many men in armor to speak of cruise the river in search 10" were frequent users. A private in Can Tho the service were using marijuana, the general of the enemy. The waterways they patrol are said he was the only person he knew in explained that it was probably because of the seldom much larg.er than the boats them­ Vietnam who smoked pot. nature of the closed society where all there selves, and often only a few feet deeper than Reminisced a Spec/4 who had been as­ is otherwise is working, eating, sleeping, and the ships' seven-foot draft. But narrow and signed to a company in Long Binh, the taking in a movie. Marijuana, he said, seems shallow as these canals are, they are all capa­ Army's logistic center for the Saigon area: to be just one more thing to do to pass the ble of carrying a loaded sampan north. "When I first got here I figured I was the time. In the narrower waterways, the weapons only guy who smoked, so I would sometimes Others disagree. Said one infantryman are kept manned, the gunners alert every sneak into the latrine at night to have a who spent last fall at Dak To during the second. It is impossible to penetrate the dense couple of pokes. battle there: jungle on either side for even a few feet. "Then about two weeks later a guy from "You see this guy laying out there. Maybe There is nothing to see except the trees and Philly joined the outfit, and we talked to he's your buddy or cousin. You gotta take vines and shrubs. The boat becomes too good each other for about ten minutes one day something." a target; a few rapid shots, a rocket or gre­ and each of us knew right away that the Whatever the reason, military officials who nade fired, and the enemy can disappear until other was a head. After that we smoked are aware of the situation say that while next time. Even a BB gun could penetrate the together. young people in the States smoke marijuana ships' soft plastic hull. "A couple of weeks later another guy in as part of rebellion, the soldiers who smoke In the wider rivers, far from the shore, the the company, a soul brother, came over and it here do so because "it's a lot of fun.'' danger is less acute. The air is cool and the started asking me whether I had ever smoked In any event, the practice is widespread sun hot. Quickly flak jackets and shirts are marijuana and what was it like and 'Boy, I'd and growing. Even among those who do not shed. The PBR crews are authorized to stop sure like to try some of that stuff-someday.' smoke m~rijuana themselves, there is both any boat they encounter to check identifica- I didn't realize it, but he represented an­ awareness and understanding of the situa­ ·tion and search through its contents. Most of other group that had been smoking, sus­ tion. Said one Marine lance corporal: "I don't the people do not have to be called over, in­ pected that we were, and wanted to feel us smoke, but I often hustle it for the other stead drift up, stop and display their ID out to make sure. guys." cards, sometimes with smiles or scared defer­ "We all joined forces. As a tourist checks into one of the cheaper ence or sullen hate. While a few are searched, "And then we found more and more little hotels in Saigon, usually frequented by traffic is heavy and most boots go undis­ groups of guys smoking grass, and we merged, soldiers, the desk clerk is as likely as not to turbed. and one day we discovered that the whole ask, "You want crazy cigarette?" A refusal to stop brings a few warning company was one big bunch of heads.'' And if the tourist asks where to get them, shots into the air. If there is no reaction, The actual figure, though, countrywide, is as one did a few weeks ago, the response is, the ship will be sunk. The warning shots are probably something around 20 percent, and "Beaucoup GI come here smoke crazy a fairly common occurrence, often a result when that's spread out over half a million cigarette." of misunderstanding on the part of the sam­ men, there's 100,000 potheads serving Uncle pan's driver or impatience on the part of the Sam in Vietnam. (By Ralph Paladino) sailors. Since few sampans are fast enough A fairly large percentage of them had CAN-THo.-If water is life, then the to outrun the PBRs, it is seldom necessary never smoked at home at all, and are not Mekong Delta is inundated with both. There to sink them until the PBR is actually fired looking forward to going back to the States is little of a spectacular news value here upon. Many more sailms have been killed or where, friends have told them, marijuana is only because the same war has been con­ wounded for fi.ring too late than civilia-ns for expensive, relatively difficult to come by tinuing since the Viet Minh and the French firing too soon. ("You have a hassle for it back there," a fought it out on the rivers. The birthplace At night, the river belongs to the Navy. private explained), and reputedly much of the Viet Minh, the Delta is almost their There are no warning shots. If it moves, un­ weaker than in Vietnam. fief, occasionally challenged, but for the most less it is brightly lit to indicate an emer­ But some of the hippie soldiers say they part successfully held. gency, it is sunk. The night can be too d·eadly have been turning on for years. "See this With only one American division and three and mercy too dangerous. pipe?" one GI asked, holding up a bent Kay­ Vietnamese divisions here, U.S. forces have But the Navy's small fleet of just under woodie that could hardly have been called only barely penetrated into the Delta's 100 PBRs cannot do the job entrusted to it. new, "I bought this pipe in 1963, and it marshy countryside. The bulk of the de­ There are too few for the imm.ense river hasn't had tobacco in it yet.'' fense is left to local Regional and Popular system. There are an almost infinite number The soldiers say· they get caught when forces. As a result, the allies control only of poss·ible routes an enterprising enemy somebody tells the authorities or when a the major cities, the military base camps, can use to circumvent the main river system. March 29, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8335 The only real d.anger comes when he must American black ants, with heads twice the A Truly Unique Brochure cross the larger rivers, but it is hardly an un­ size of their bodies. They drop on you from acceptable risk. By traveling by day, the VC the trees and have a bf.te that has to be are in little d·anger of inte.rception on the endured to be believed. The mosquitos eat HON. CLIFFORD P. HANSEN canals. The PBRs seldom venture into any­ you alive, and repellent is useless because the thing too narrow in which to turn around. water washes it away as fast as you apply it. OF WYOMING At night, the VC need only to reach the But occasionally there are compensations. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES river and wait in the brush along the bank Some troops have stopped carrying C rations Friday, March 29, 1968 foc the PBR patrol to go pas·t. In many ways, to cut down weight. Instead the men will it has become a complica.ted game, with PBRs pick bananas, coconuts, melons, tomatoes, Mr. HANSEN. Mr. President, the town doubling back unexpectedly or arranging to or peppers from the trees and ground as they of Lusk, Wyo., offers an excellent exam­ pass each other in the dark in the hope of move along. It makes a. good meal. But the ple of what can be accomplished by en­ catching the boats in the middle of the river meal can be ruined by the water in your thusiasm and plenty of old-fashioned as they cross. canteen. If you're lucky and don't drink friendly interest. But the tactic hardly works any longer, much, you m.ay have ships' water left and and the amount of material the PBRs have only suffer from it being 100 degrees hot. It The Lusk Woman's Club has recently intercepted in the 1ast two years has been is this that makes powdered drink mixes so published an interesting brochure called negligible. popular a gift from home in Vietnam. It "A Woman Talks to Women About Lusk, Beyond the fleet of River Patrol Boruts, the makes the water drinkable. Wyo.," that helps characterize the spirit Navy maintains one of the most formidable A lot of effort goes into the river war of this fine Wyoming town. Acco-rding to inland arsenals in the history of river waa-­ in the Delta. Most of it, unfortunately, is Mrs. Dale M. Bardo: wasted. The Navy succeeds in stopping a few fare. Only the Civil War's Mississippi River The brochure is directed at the wife whose Fleet and the river patrol boats pictured in tons of m.aterial now and then, delays large husb.and might like to move to Lusk, but who the movie "The Sand Pebbles" precede it in enemy troop movements until the men trickle across the river one by one, and pre­ is unwilling to do so because she fears that history. It is a varied array, especially on there could be no advantages to her and her paper, of troop landing ships, heavy arsenaled vents the surrounding ocean from becoming family here, that her children could not re­ gun boats (some closely resembling the Civil too large a supply route. But the Tet offen­ ceive an education which would qualify War "Monitor"), single ship hell-pads, sive seems to indicate that the bulk of the them for college, that there would be no barracks ships, repair ships, and finally three men and materiel gets through, one way or shopping advantages and little opportunity hov·er craft capable of traveling a few fee.t another. The Army's Search and Destroy Mis­ to enjoy that which makes life interesting. above water or ground on a cushion of air. sions (now euphemistically called "Recon­ The Riverine force, a joining of Army naissance In Force") seldom find anything. The brochure certainly lays those mis­ troops and Nravy ships, is the only thing that There are many reasons for the failure of conceptions to rest as it relates to this makes large scale ground operations possible most American operations in the Delta: in­ Wyoming town near the Nebraska bor­ in the Delta. Early in the morning hours, sufficient troop and ship strengths to cover regiments of the division lead on 40-m·an the whole area, the ineffectiveness and lack der. It points out the advantages of liv­ troop carriers to be ferried to the operation's of aggression on the part of Regional and ing in the Equality State. starting point. Afte·r two or three days, the Popular forces, the waste of valuable man­ Mrs. Bardo, who was kind enough to landing craft will return to a prearranged power on pointless aid projects, the fear of send me a copy of the brochure, notes: rendemous to pick up the same troops. Dur­ alienating an already alienated people, or­ It is designed to call attention to the bene­ ing the operation, towed artillery barges and ders from Washington, and sometimes a fits of small town living, which many times Army helicopters will lend whaltever support simple lack of competence at all levels of has more to offer than does a city-and th.e is necessary to the troops on the ground. The command. unique opportunities a child has if he can soft marshland makes any kind of mobile The presence of troops in a VC area is an­ grow up in a more personalized atmosphere operation impossible; artillery, personnel nounced by artillery barrages and constant and environment. carriers, and trucks woUld simply be bogged helicopter observation. There is no attempt down in the water and mud. at silence; commanders yell orders from one The Lusk Woman's Club, to my mind, The troops of the Riverine Force live d.if­ end of a paddy to another, searches are des­ has made a significant contribution and I ferently than Army troops anywhere in the ultory or non-existent. An enterprising VC am pleased to have copies of the colorful world. Cramped aboard a barracks ship could easily hide the U.S. grain surplus for brochure to use as an instrument to per­ called the "Ark" (and it does closely resemble the year along an operation's route and get the classic picture of Noah's Ark) they find away with it. Searched homes could have full haps encourage industry to come to Wyo­ their lives both more comfortable and more attics, full bomb shelters (and eleven homes ming. annoying than normal cramp ldfe. They do in the Delta have formidable bomb and ar­ I ask unanimous consent to have the not have to tolerate the heat and dust of most tillery shelters), and no one woUld look. Hay­ brochure printed in the Extensions of Army encampments in Vietnam (none of stacks in the dry paddies remain untouched. Remarks, as an example of what one which have a shred of vege.ta.tion on them), At least half the operation is spent trying hard-working community has done to but they don't have the room that all but to locate lost elements of the companies. A make its area more attractive to would­ highly disciplined men need to live in either. typical radio conversation only made things And two out of every three days, they don't more confusing: "I think I'm to the right of be residents and that a story on the see the ship at all. you. Aren't you the unit to the left? No, then Woman's Club project be included. They The key to understanding what it is like who is it? Am I behind you now? The heli­ point up what is very special about Lusk, to be an American soldier operating in the copters put you 200 meters to my right. No, in particular, and Wyoming, in general. Delta is to understand what it is like for there's no river there." The conversation goes There being no objection, the brochure everything to rot. During the dry season the on for many more minutes and finally the was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, rice paddies are only ankle rather than waist unit can be seen through the trees. The as follows: deep, the small rivers, ditches, and streams operation may only yield 300 pair of rotten only waist or chest deep rather than over boots, an infinite number of insect bites and A WOMAN TALKS TO WOMEN ABOUT LUSK, his head. From the moment he leaves the scratches, 50 pair of temporary unusable WYO. landing he is wet. In the first half hour he feet, a few stripped banana. and coconut (Produced by Lusk Woman's Club, member will wade across doe:ens of pieces of water, trees, and a lot of sheer exhaustion. Wyoming Federation of Women's Clubs) only to be confronted with nothing but miles Nothing has really changed in the Delta, Do you hunger for clean, deep blue skies? of rice paddies, broken only by the land even with the Tet offensive, if only because for pure air? for perfect-tasting crystal cold boundaries that jut up a. few inches above things were terrible to begin with. Portions of drinking water? the water line. Water and mud. After two the major cities were destroyed, but most are Are you weary of streets unsafe for your days in the infested water, things begin to rapidly being rebuilt (most dwellings in children? of traffic congestion problems? rot. Vietnam can be built in a matter of days or Are your children in split sessions in Your boots begin to rot, your feet, your weeks at the most) , refugees are returning crowded schools, with lessened opportunity fatigues. The Army has created a special home, and the school and temporary refugee for the education they will need? boot for use in the damp Vietnam climate. shelters opened on March 20. Are you concerned over the dehumanizing But the boots do not help much if you can Food is moving north as the U.S. Army environment of urban life? hardly ever leave the water. After an aver­ steps up its paving of Route 4 to Saigon. Do you want for your children the close­ ag·e operation, 20 per cent of each unit in­ The aid program is dead, but that is no loss ness and personal warmth of a small place? volved will be down with fungus or some since lt was mostly useless to begin with. the all-around development not possible in other exotic skin disease or CTacked feet. The suburbs are not yet secure, bUJt they a large place? For real comfort, there are leeches and never were very secure before either. The rest Are you already living in a small town but bugs, leeches that stick to you right through of the Delta remains as it has always been, long for greater diversity in your life? the fatigue trousers or work their way up not really caring, but firmly under VC con­ Might you prefer to live in a small town under your shirt, red ants• the size of large trol. 1f you could be certain of quality educa- 8336 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 29, 1968 tion, of excellent shopping, of access to things leal, civil, electrical, mechanical), home dem­ To the colors: A high percentage of men which make the quality of life interesting­ onstration agent work, library, mathema­ in the county has enlisted in the Armed certain that it is a good place to rear a tics, mathematics analysis, social service, Forces for many years. With 22 career mili­ family? statistics, technical, vocational fields. tary personnel serving, as of 1968, 7 have Do you think that towns of 1,890 popu­ Schools (High school or elementary schools rank of Air Force Captain or higher. Adding lation have to be dowdy, dull, with limited where applicable) : "There is here every the young men who serve through the draft, advantages? Well, perhaps some small towns teaching advantage and aid a teacher needs" this small county serves its country well. are but, let's look at Lusk, Wyo. (A Teacher); accredited by North Central Hereinafter, for clarity and brevity, the Association since 1937; staffs fully state cer­ PARTIAL LIST OF THOSE WHO HAVE PROVIDED name Lusk is used to identify both it and tified (requiring bachelor or master degree); LEADERSHIP TO STATE, NATION Niobrara County of which it is the County average size of high school classes: 18.4; U.S. Senator, Representative and Governor. Seat. Town and county are interchangeable. average expenditure per pupil: $756; curric­ Rocket pioneer and space scientist. It is emphasized that ranch people and others ulum more varied than enrollment indicates Two state attorneys general. outside Lusk have made major contributions including: BSCS biology, modern mathemat­ President of state Senate. to everything mentioned here. ics all grades, vocational-agriculture, driver State Examiner. In the 1960 census: Lusk, 1,890, Niobrara education, remedial English and mathemat­ Chairman of state Highway Commission. County 3,750. ics, physical education (two years required, Three Trustees of Univ. of Wyoming. The town of Lusk, representing Niobrara five days a week), music (five d·ays a week President of American Assoc. of Governing County, sits on the high plains of eastern within school hours); free up-to-date text­ Boards of State Universities. Wyoming at an elevation of 5015 feet. This books, free out-of-town trips (sports, music, Two delegates to White House Education is high country, of rolling hills of grass and speech, special), libraries in grade school, conferences. cedar, pure-tasting water, pure air, clean high school, with qualified librarian; gym­ Published poet and author; exhibiting clear blue sky, mystic moonlight, with dark nasium seats 1,000, auditorium 526, both artist. blue midnight skies seen from horizon to built 1962. One with U.S. State Department; executive horizon. Here are cool summer nights, golden All Departments completely furnished; at with UNICEF. falls, bright winters, spring's towering white random, some interesting items: science de­ First runner-up to Miss America 1948. masses of clouds. partment equipment equivalent to that of First runner-up to Mrs. America 1966. This is a land possessed by light of such many small colleges; memorial $1,200 library Meanwhile, who's staying home? Why, the golden clarity one feels she could see for­ globe, overhead projectors, controlled readers. classy ranchers, who hold a majority on the ever. It is pervading, all-encompassing, bril­ Extra-Curricular Activities, all open to all county school, library, hospital boards; enter­ liant, with sudden deep shadows slicing into students, include- prising business community and those in­ clean abstract lines. Engrossed with light, Athletics: Junior high organized athletics volved with it; dependable city, county, state, born of a radiant sunrise, the day does not begin at 7th grade, with football, basketball, federal personnel; valuable older folk who leave wearily but with a triumphant final wrestling, track; high school has 3 football, continue their efforts-all the innovative, blaze of color. 3 basketball teams, wrestling, track; lighted, hardy, pleasant people who through the years The relative isolation characteristic of the well-equipped football field; district, state have built, supported the schools, consist­ area has proven to be its strength, for it tournaments often held here because of ex­ ently follow their musical and athletic chil­ forces its people into resourcefulness, produc­ cellent facilities; several conference, state dren to out-of-town events, form concert ing a vigorous, individualistic, yeasty breed titles won; many full college athletic scholar­ audiences, work hard to sustain their com­ of participants rather than spectators. ships offered. munity as they see it should be. This land takes a person's measure. Resi­ Speech: debate, speech, drama offered; ABOUT THE TOWN ITSELF dents strive to match their efforts to those speech students participate in district, state All intersection lighted, majority of street of earlier resolute and imaginative individ­ competition; several plays given each year. paved. uals who poured out their strength, love, and Music: "In other towns, cities, states of my Uncongested traffic. generosity to build a good place to rear a experience, I have not found a music program Lighted, green, shaded, clean city parks. family, a good place to live. as excellent and complete as is Lusk's" Lighted baseball field. This literate population is partly an inher­ (Former student); program prepares stu­ For appearance and quality, a business dis­ itance from hardy mothers of earliest gen­ dents to enter any music school they wish or trict you wouldn't believe (please see Busi­ erations who usually were schoolteachers and their college music groups; solo and ensem­ ness, Name Brands). who produced education-oriented families. ble are highly developed aspects and many Restaurants which tempt housewives to Following this pattern and that of pioneers' students present these at grade and high skip home cooking (accommodating wait­ adventurous thinking, citizens, disregarding school music festivals which are judged by resses). personal inconvenience, created in 1949 the qualified college faculty who consistently Hotel a pleasant surprise; some o! the best first unitied county school district in the give students high ratings; students can par­ motels in state. state, one of the very firs-t in the Rocky Moun­ ticipate in both vocal, instrumental music; school provides complete band instrumenta­ Airport has Inile-long hardsurfaced lighted tain area. Thus, county resources, physical runway, design factor adequate for aircraft and human, are focused on one goal: the tion; most parents provide their cl:lildren with fine instruments. with gross weights up to 60,000 lbs. Services: best education possible. major airframe, engine repair, 80 and 100 Niobrara County High School and pred­ Band begins at 4th grade with 3 grade and junior high bands; high school concert, octane fuel; airport serviced by Unicorn 122.8. ecessors prior to unification have qualified Children safely have the run of the town. students for any college they desire. Many stage, pep, marching bands available; uses scholarships have been offered by leading contemporary band music, orchestral tran­ Summer recreation program for the young­ colleges, universities all over the country; scriptions; organized chorus begins at 4th ster who likes to be organized (or he can just students have been admitted to two service grade with large choruses in elementary and sit and watch the clouds!). academies. National Merit finalists are grad­ junior high, and large chorus, choir in high Courteous youth in all of county; no real uates plus others receiving National Merit school; vocal groups use music of all pe­ delinquency problems. Letters of Commendation. Students consist­ riods for education, fun; original Broadway Churches: Other church groups are: ently rank high in national tests such as: versions of top musicals recently presented; Church of Jesus Ghrist of Latter-day Scholastic Aptitude Test, National Educa­ All-State, All-Northwest States' music Saints, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-day Ad­ tional Development Test, Iowa Test of Basic groups available by taped audition. ventist. Skills. Graduates include (both before and Yes, you can get quality 2-year, 4-year col­ Business: Banks and stores with zeal for after unification), from average graduating lege education in Wyoming. community activities; weekly newspaper classes of 53: at least 75 elementary, second­ Casper College, oldest, largest of 2-year which makes a career of supporting com­ ary school teachers; estimated 31 with mas­ colleges, has traditional course offerings, munity functions; friendly, courteous, help­ ter, Ph. D. degrees; estimated 15 members of cooperates with U.S. Bureau of Apprentice­ ful clerks; food stores with the same fresh college faculties, including full professors; ship and Training in presenting required produce, frozen foods, foodstuffs as in city 20 registered nurses; 9 medical doctors; 4 related training of apprentices. stores-and with perhaps more variety; of medical technicians; 3 dentists; 10 ministers; The University of Wyoming mixes its tradi­ especial interest to women: antiques, bakery, 9 lawyers; 8 professional musicians; 3 county tional course offerings and research activities dress and drapery-makers, dry cleaner, agents; 2 each doctors of veterinary medicine, with those geared to the space age and new florists, laundry, self-service dry cleaner, self­ licensed practical nurses, optometrists, phar­ technology; student-teacher ratio in recent service laundry, upholsterer; books, art sup­ macists, physical therapists; as well as a years has averaged around 14:1; "Of the more plies available; catalog ordering services; diet, certified R.N. anaesthetist, a Vista worker, a than 1,800 colleges and universities in the dietetic foods; hair, wig styling ... Peace Corps worker. nation, only 229 have produced any Rhodes Sports and recreation for all the family: Graduates have fanned out across the Scholars and only 22 of these have turned Sports are almost as vital to Luskites as the country and around the world, in: account­ out more than the Univ. of Wyoming" (1961 pure air they breathe. Golf: Niobrara Coun­ ing, aviation, business (especially oil, bank­ Rhodes Scholars survey); "Outstanding try Club maintains "state's sportiest" 9-hole ing), aerodynamic propulsion, animal nutri­ scholars on the faculty and the spirit of free grass greens golf course with 6 holes over a tion, chemistry research, computer quality inquiry characterize the Univ." (Prominent creek which wends its way through the control, electronics, many in engineering Graduate). Courtesy marks students at both course. Here wild birds sing, as players, able (aerospace, agricultural, architectural, chem- schools. to play immediately without reservation and March 29, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8337 for a modest fee, enjoy a beautiful course. 2 senting well-attended shows of their work Blaming or Solving women's tournaments, men's 5-state tourna­ and that of out-of-town artists; another ment, plus some for fun, are annual events; lively group is the weekly drama reading drive-in theater; free Red Cross swimming group which often attends summer Shake­ HON. THRUSTON B. MORTON lessons in outdoor pool, afternoon and eve­ speare festivals; small city and metropolitan ning swimming just for fun; men's, women's newspapers are delivered daily. OF KENTUCKY bowling leagues; residents can go hunting in And then there is music: This music­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES the early morning return with antelope, deer oriented town enjoys an average of 4 con­ Friday, March 29, 1968 in time to go to work; many adults, young­ certs yearly, by visi.ting choruses, bands, sters keep riding horses; riding and roping orchestras, Univ. of Wyomi.ng string quartet, Mr. MORTON. Mr. President, I have clubs; rock and artifact hunting; fishing and soloists; visiting groups often ask to be just had the privilege of reading a most boating near the Glendo Reservoir; bridge invited here; town busi.ness underwrites a perceptive and provocative sermon de­ tournaments; recreation · center; Junior local concert series; for 4 years a Coihmunity livered by the Reverend John R. Clay­ Legion, Babe Ruth, Pee Wee baseball leagues; Concert Association series was supported; hills right outside town for hiking; tennis town abounds in good voices, instrumental­ pool, minister of the Crescent Hill courts; Black Hills can be reached and ists; for 3 years a community chorus enjoyed B,aptist Church, of my hometown of toured in a day; Devil's Tower, Fort Laramie, singing, gave concerts; wide-spread in­ Louisville, Ky. In the uncertain and Fort Robinson, agate fossil beds, Spanish terest in piano, vocal work. frantic atmosphere besetting us today, diggings, Lance Creek fossil beds, each a Concerts, theater, ice shows, stock shows, I think the thoughts so ably set forth pleasant day's trip; summer melodrama in rodeos, Univ. games are just 1-2-3-4 hours therein merit the attention of all in­ "Opery House" (Lusk Melodrama group per­ away on superior, uncongested highways. dividuals in and out of government. I ask formed at Seattle World's Fair). Are you org.ani.zation-minded? National or­ Healing professions: Lusk has had for ganizations represented here: American unanimous consent that the sermon be many years the services of skilled physicians Legion and Auxiliary, American War printed in the Extensions of Remarks. and surgeons, chiropractor, dentists and Mothers,* Business and Professional Women, There being no objection, the sermon dental surgeons, optometrist. Chamber of Commerce, Cowbelles, DAR, • was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, New Niobrara Memorial Hospital is a prac­ Democrati.c Women, Extension Homemakers tical, well-equipped building providing com­ Council,* Farm Bureau, Garden Club,* as follows: plete modern medical and surgical facilities. Lions Club,* PEO Sisterhood,* Republican BLAMING OR SOLVING The hospital is fully staffed and qualifies for Women,* Veterans of Foreign Wars and (A sermon by John R. Claypool, delivered at Medicare. Many rooms are equipped through Auxiliary, Woman's Club. Crescent Hill Baptist Church, Louisville, memorials. Are you lodge minded? Nationally aftlllated Ky., March 10, 1968) Medical specialties and orthodontic care are orders represented here: Does, Eastern Star,* (SCripture reference: John 9.) just 1-2 hours away. Elka, • Odd Fellows,* Job's Daughters, • For most thoughtful Americans, I rather Lusk Veterinary Clinic is a working veteri­ Masons,* Rebekahs, • Royal Neighbors.* imagine this last week has been a time of nary hospital with adequate facilities for Are you politically-minded? Wyoming sober reflection and soul-searching. Ever handling both large and small animals. being the first state to grant to women the since the report of the President's Advisory Lusk has had for many years the services right to vote, it is logical that there should Commission on Civil Disorder was made pub­ of artisans in building trades and crafts, in be high political interest here which has re­ lic, it has been hard to read or hear about auto mechanics, in service business; andre­ sulted in: 7 residents (three women) chosen anything else. It is not that what was dis­ pair men, nurserymen, who come! as d·elegates to national (presidential) con­ closed was all that new. Most people, I trust, We all worship together: Religious faiths ventions of both parties since end of World already realize that our country and particu­ and denominations dwell amiably together; War II; 6 persons (three women) employed larly our cities were in the gravest sort of all church structures are well-maintained; on Congressional staffs; residents having op­ crisis. However, the .report and all its dire Church Women United is an active group; portunity to meet nationally important polit­ predictions about potentially two societies church youth grow up; knowing how to pub­ ical figures, to be personally acquainted with and a future of endless conflict and violence licly speak, sing, usher, play organ for serv­ state, national, elected officials. And able, in­ did serve to underscore just where we are ices; numerous youth attend national meet­ terested persons in a county small as this, can and what we are up against in the America of ings of church organizations. rapidly gain state political recognition. the 1960's. This sort of realization is bound Library-Niobrara County Carnegie: 20,000 What unique quality enables Lusk to pro­ to stir some deep and searching questions in volumes; center for research in western his­ duce poised citi.zens who hold their own in the minds of almost everyone. For example, tory; memorial $500 globe; 40% of county the world? Perhaps it is the lack of harmful one wonders how he ought to feel about this (which includes newborn babies!) are pa­ stratified environment, a lack of provincial­ whole problem of poverty and violence and trons. (Remember, county population only ism, the abs·ence of derision toward ideas "the other America." One wonders what he 3,750.) which are a little different. Maybe it is the should do individually in relation to this Adult volunteers are the key to consistent demonstrated knowledge of the values of crisis, and what he should support in terms success of programs designed for all-around neatness and contemporary dress as well as of votes and influence among the various youth development. Working closely with pleasant manners. Perhaps the diversified de­ solutions that are proposed. These are the professional leadership, adults give freely of velopment of one's abilities available here? kinds of questions that have bombarded my their time, in their areas of skill, to help Whatever it is, the Lusk recipe produces good mind this week, and because I am not only an school athletics, summer baseball, 4-H work, citizens ready for their world, prepared for American but a Christian as well, I have music festivals, and of course, Scouting, responsibility to their communities, not found myself asking yet another question, church youth. Unexpected bonuses: skills are turned in on themselves. Though remote namely: "What would Jesus Christ feel and sharpened, leadership developed-and what from the nation's pressing problems. Lusk think and do if He were in our shoes today an opportunity to become acquainted with sends out youth concerned and creatively and faced what we face?" This question goes state leaders, nationally known coaches, col­ working for human justice for persons less to the heart of my faith that the Bible con­ lege faculty! blessed than they. tains the Word of God both for history and 4-H, a way of life. Ranch ·youth in the 12 Paradise? No. Problems? Yes, large and to this world of time and space. I think there clubs in the county have achieved: 8 state small, as in all towns. But this is a good place is in this Document and most especi.ally in champion livestock judging teams represent­ to rear a family. This is a good place to live. the figure of the Christ some very present ing state at National 4-H livestock judging Oh, almost forgot--crisp crackers, no floods, help for this time of trouble. Therefore as I contest in Chicago; 5 state champion wool no mildew in closets, no cockroaches, hardly pondered this week how I should make up judging teams, two representing state at Na­ a moth to be found. my own life in relation to this crisis, I turned tional 4-H judging contest in Sonora, Texas; to the Bible and one chapter in particular clubs open to town youth, with 35% town really "came alive" for me in terms of rele­ membership; 4-H youth have constant op­ vance and insight. I am referring to the ninth portunities for public speaking, leadership; The "Pueblo": How Long, Mr. President? chapter of John's Gospel, which I read as our and do they have fun at their dances! text for this morning. If one really wants "On my honor . . ." Boy Scout Troop and to know how Jesus would feel and think Cub Pack activities are available; Scout camp HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE and act today in relation to our urban crisis, in Laramie mountains provides camping, OF IOWA he could not look in a better place, for here climbing trails, wilderness experience; Scouts IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is what Jesus actually did under remarkably engage in locating area Indian tepee rings; at similar circumstances. least 15 Scouts have achieved the rank of Friday, Ma1·ch 29, 1968 I want you to notice carefully the setting Eagle. Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, this is of chapter and sense the relevance I am talk­ What are your tastes? There are 12 exten­ ing about. We see Jesus here in a city, in sion homemaker clubs, town women wel­ the 67th day the U.S.S. Pueblo and her Jerusalem, the largest urban area of Pales­ comed, with 37 % town membership; there is crew have been inNorth Korean hands. tine, and as He and His disciples were leaving a county fair, with opportunity for crafts, the Temple one day, they encountered a needlework entries, plus parade, jolly home * At least one member has held highest man who had been born blind, and whose show rodeo; there is a lively art group, pre- sta.te office. only vocation was to sit in the street and 8338 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 29, 1968 beg. Here was one who could not compete among themselves. You cannot say we are un­ no man can work." Night is coming, a dark­ in the world of work in that time. Because of interested in the matter, but I fear that our ness of urban chaos the like of which we have a handicap going all the way back to his level of interest is like that of the disciples. never seen before. If we do not get to work birth, he was not a productive member of What I mean is, all we want to do is talk and start being part of the answer instead of society. By no measure was_ he in the main about and point our fingers and find some part of the problem. Our attitude then, is stream of life. He was in fact, a parasite, or a culprit on whom we can blame the whole something of primary importance. How do drain on the resources of the public. He mess. you feel toward it? Jesus turned His back could not carry any of the load of life him­ Just like the disciples of old, we speculate on speculating abstractly or trying to find self; on the contrary, he had to be carried by among ourselves as to whose fault it is. Is it a scapegoat. He spat on His hands and went others and live in useless and costly depend­ the poor themselves because they are lazy to work. This is our first clue as to what ence on society. Now is not this precisely the and trifling and unwilling to work. Or is this Jesus would do if He were in our shoes. sort of person who stands at the center of the result of some agitators or a communist But if one should assume such a positive our present urban crisis and who constitutes conspiracy, or some sinister attempt by a attitude toward" the crisis, how should he such a problem? For a variety or reasons foreign power to overthrow our government? proceed to act? What methodology will lead there are a host of folk today who are unable I hear talk like this all the time and in­ to a constructive solution? Here again, our to compete and participate in the productive terestingly enough, these people always rule passage is full of insight, for notice carefully processes of life, and as they gather more and themselves out of any blame or responsibility. what Christ did. First of all, He took the more in our cities, and accumulate particu­ They seem to feel that nothing is wrong with initiative, He moved toward the man and larly in certain sections, their condition of them or this great country of ours. The provided him with new resources and a new idleness and hopelessness turns into social culprit is always someone else or somewhere possibility. What He actually did was spit on dynamite, and thus the awesome prospects else, which of oourse exonerates them and the ground and make a kind of mud plaster that some are predicting for us now. The frees them of any involvement except watch­ to put on those blinded eyes. Some think similarities between the man here and "the ing from the sidelines or pointing fingers of that this is a religious image: that the writer other America" we hear so much about are recrimination. of the Fourth Gospel had in mind Genesis 2, strikingly real, and this gives us a golden Because this approach of discussing and where God stooped to the earth and shaped opportunity to observe the Christ in a "life blaming is so characteristic of the way most man from the dust, and that this symbolizes situation" and see how He responds and acts. Americans are responding to the situation the creativity of God once again, as He re­ This is what I want us to do this morning­ this morning, we need to look all the more stores what He has made. This may be true; with one eye on our situation and the other closely at the attitude of our Lord in this however, I rather think there was practical on this passage, let us ask and seek to answer passage, for it was something different alto­ wisdom behind this act. Saliva has always the burning question: "what would Jesus gether. In one majestic sweep, He rejected the been looked upon as having healing powers. think and feel and do in the face of poverty whole approach of the disciples as a point­ When one burns his finger, he instinctively and hopelessness and idleness?" less and futile endeavor. To their question: licks the wound, as do the animals their cuts. The first thing I want us to note is the "Who sinned? This man or his parents?" Perhaps the whole problem with this man attitude Jesus assumed toward this situation Jesus shot back pointedly: "Neither one! This went back to a failure of cleanliness at his in contrast to the attitude of the disciples. condition exists so the glory of God can be birth, and that his eyes were clotted shut by This is really the place to begin; namely, how revealed." In other words, Jesus condemned foreign matter. At any rate, Jesus provided do we feel toward this whole problem? How their line of inquiry as irrelevant and beside some resources for him, and then most signif­ do we see these problem people? Interestingly the point, and unmasked it for what it was; icantly called on the man himself to par­ enough, the disciples were the first to call namely, a grand evasion from having to be­ ticipate in the healing process. Having ap­ attention to the blind beggar, but we need come involved. Instead of asking: "Who is plied the plaster, Jesus instructed the beggar to notice carefully the level of their interest. to blame here? How can we condemn?" Jesus to go to the reservoir of Siloam and wash, and The blind man was to them an intriguing said they ought to ask: "What does God He did not offer to go with him! He left some­ object of conversation and discussion. Be­ want done here? How can I join Him in doing thing for the man to do in the process. He cause religion and morality had always been it?" The challenge of such a condition was gave him a stake in what was happening and closely intertwined in the Old Testament, the not discussion or name calling, but rather in so doing honored his personhood and in­ Jews liked to speculate about the casual re­ "to work the works of Him who sent the volved him in the cure. lation between suffering and sin. When they Christ," to join Him in bringing light out of I think this methodology is absolutely came across some calamity, they liked to try darkness and being a part of the answer crucial if the problems of human helpless­ to explain it by locating the blame some­ and not part of the problem. Having said ness are going to be solved. Let us face it-­ where. Thus, the sight of the man who may that, Jesus proceeded to act on His words, our present approach to welfare meets the have been quite well known in Jerusalem and instead of walking away in animated needs of the strong at the expense of the per­ stirred their minds and curiosity more than discussion about the man, He went over to sonhood of the weak. Back during the De­ their hearts, and they proceeded to say to join him, literally spat on His hands, and pression, when whole masses of men were Jesus: "Now here is an interesting case, Who got down to the business of tackling the caught in the clutches of something they is the blame here? Who sinned? the man real problem. could not solve, society was not able to bring himself or his parents, that he should be like This, it appears to me is the first answer we itself to see women and children and older this?" get from the passage as to what Jesus would people starve to death right before their Such an approach to a person in difficulty do if He were here today and facing what we eyes. So "the dole," "the hand-out," was is perfectly natural and oommonplace; we face. Instead of discussing poverty and begun, as a minimum effort to keep people look on him as a statistic, or perhaps even climbing all over each other assessing blame alive. It met the needs of the strong; it re­ an unusual phenomenon, and do him the and pointing fingers, what we ought to do is lieved their consciences, and in some cases honor of discussing his case and making his accept the problem as a God-given challenge they enjoyed being depended upon and seeing situation the occasion of deliberation. Who and get down to "the brass tacks of concrete themselves as providers. After thirty years of of us has not done this again and again in solutions." Now, of course this will call for this, however, we are beginning to see the relation to some problem person, and never costly and demanding involvement; it will devastating results of this on the poor. Be­ once realized that what we were really doing entail getting our hands dirty and having cause nothing was demanded of them, no by this means was subtly avoiding any in­ close contact with some things and people way open for them to do and to create and volvement of ourselves with this problem? we would like to avoid. There is no doubt to produce, they have been dehumanized, Let us face it: as long as we can intellectual­ about it-it is easier to debate and decry than pauperized, locked in dependency so long ize about situations and approach a person's it is to deal with the dirt, but nothing much that they have become incapable of mobiliz­ condition as a topic of conversation, we can comes from such efforts. It is only through ing themselves. thus keep the matter at a distance and never the approach of solving and not blaming I suggest to you that Jesus did not make find ourselves entangled in some costly in­ that anything ever happens, and the dark­ this mistake with the beggar in this chapter. volvement. This is especially true if we con­ ness begins to be transformed into light. He did not simply do something for him as centrate on the question of blame, and spend I do not mean to sound overly dramatic one might treat a little baby; He provided our energies trying to ascertain who, other or falsely rhetorical just now, but I honestly help, and at the same time provided a chal­ than ourselves of course, is actually responsi­ believe that the future of this country hangs lenge that made the man a participant in ble for the problem. There is no indication in the balance at this very point; namely, the healing process. in the passage that the disciples intended to the attitude we choose to assume toward our This is what we must learn to do if we are stop and do anything for this man in his urban crisis. In the past when faced with ever going to reverse the trend of dehumani­ blindness and poverty. He was of interest to times of mortal conflict, our country has zation that now results from the traditional them only academically and thus they were tended to follow the approach of Jesus here; approaches to welfare. We must concentrate free to move on by and spend themselves in namely, facing up to the problem and mobi­ on the development of personhood and not spirited discussion. lizing its resources in the name of solution. just the doling out of assistance. I think the This very approach to the problems of today However, this time we appear to be following sequence of Jesus' action is important here. is certainly open to us right now, and many the example of the disciples and wanting He did not go to the beggar and make a lot of people seem to be responding to the Com­ only to discuss it and blame it on someone demands on him before He offered help; mission's report in just this way. It has be­ else, and all along remain uninvolved our­ rather, He first provided new resources. In come the number one topic of conversation; selves. Jesus was dead right in saying: "We putting on the mud plaster, Jesus gave the in fact, everywhere I go these days people must work the work of him who sent Me beggar something additional to work with are talking about it and debating it heatedly while it is day, for the night cometh when and then directed him in how to use this for March 29, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8339 his own healing. This is very different from tending a production in the new Metro­ The State of American Agriculture some conservatives today who ridicule all politan Opera House in New York City. As I forms of public assistance and demand that sat in that magnificent new structure, I re­ people solve their own problems before help called the fanfare that had centered on the HON. FRED R. HARRIS be given them. You could just as well say to a opening night in this location. The leading man with a broken leg, "Learn to walk and feminine role that evening was sung by Leon­ OF OKLAHOMA then I'll put a cast on your leg," as to say to tyne Price, one of the great voices of our IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES people who have never learned responsibility: century. Miss Price was born in Laurel, Mis­ Friday, March 29, 19·68 "Become responsible citizens and then we sissippi, the daughter of a Negro domestic will give you something to be responsible servant. As a little girl, I am sure she must Mr. HARRIS. Mr. President, recently for." The help must come first, the assistance have looked like what they call down there, we have heard from some of our distin­ must precede the cure, but then effort needs "just another little pickininney," and she guished Republican colleagues both in to be made to develop and call forth respon­ might well have known no better prospect the Senate and in the other body about sibility by genuine personal expectation. than being a domestic servant herself. How­ Now, I realize there is aversion right now ever, the white woman for whom her mother the dire state of American agriculture as to this thing called "a guaranteed annual worked sensed in this little one an extraordi­ measured by parity levels. income" by the government, and I would be nary talent, and opened for her opportunities What they neglect to mention, how­ against it too if it is just another dole or a that are not usually accorded Negroes in ever, is that the state of the American handout that meets the needs of the strong Mississippi. This help started her on the road farmer measured by an accurate yard­ at the expense of the weak. However, if this to the Met. As I thought about this, I won­ stick is in much better condition than in could be like the mud plaster Jesus gave the dered how many other voices like Leontyne the dismal days of 1953 to 1960, when the blind man if it is a provision tied in with Price's have been born and lived and died some call to go to the pool and wash, some unnoticed in some cotton field or ghetto or Republicans administered the Depart­ program to develop personhood and responsi­ kitchen? In this chapter we see a man who ment of Agriculture. bility-it could be the key to a breakthrough everyone looked on as a beggar and from Because there has been so much talk in the urban crisis. Let us face it-something whom no one expected anything, yet look by our GOP colleagues of the prevailing has to be done. That man could never have what had been in him all along I level of parity prices, the time has come healed himself or solved his problem alone. I come back then to our present situation, to set the record straight. Jesus had to step in and help, and so must as foreboding as it is, and to the question we with the poor. The question is not if, but with which I began the sermon: "What would I shall place in the RECORD at the con­ how. We are already spending billions on Jesus feel and think and do if He lived in clusion of my remarks a letter which I relief and will spend billions more. The ques­ America right now and faced, as we do, the have received from the Secretary of Agri­ tion is: how can we do this so that the per­ urban crisi.s?" Of course, I cannot speak for culture, Hon. Orville L. Freeman, under sonhood of the poor is either regained or you, but I have found my answer to this in date of March 15, 1968, which sets forth maintained? For too long, society has met the ninth chapter of John. Here, face to face the fallacy of employing parity levels as its needs through the dole at the expense of with this very situation, He felt something, the sole measurement of agricultural the personhood of the poor. The example of He did something, He saw something happen economic health. Jesus is clear here; He first of all provided that was wonderful to behold. for the man out of His own resources, but He Is there any chance this morning that Secretary Freeman's thoughtful com­ did not stop there. He cared for this man, not enough of us will be willing to follow Him munication presents some interesting just His own feeling, so He said: "You go and go and do likewise? It appears to me that facts and figures regarding the inaccu­ now and wash in the pool. You must join this is the only chance any of us have of racy of the use of the parity as a meas­ me if the task of bringing wholeness to your avoiding chaos. The night is coming, it is uring device. I am in agreement and I life is to be successful." already on the way. Are we willing to work feel that a more modern and more ac­ As the story goes, the beggar did just that, the works of Him who sent Jesus, and in Him curate method should be devised to deter­ and lo and behold he came back seeing for is trying to show us what to do? We had the first time, and proceeded to demonstrate better be, for believe me, it is later ... it is mine the economic health of our farmers. unbelievable gifts in the events that ensued. later than you think! I ask unanimous consent that Secre­ This is one of the greatest truths of this tary Freeman's letter be printed in the chapter; namely, the tremendous potential Extensions of Remarks. that lies unrecognized in the poverty dimen­ There being no objection, the letter sion of society. Here was a man whose whole Chinese Youth Day was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, life had been spent sitting in idle useless­ as follows: ness. Thousands of people must have seen him sitting there with his can, but no one saw HON. LESTER L. WOLFF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, anything in him or expected anything from Washington, March 18, 1968. him. Then comes one handled himself under OF NEW YORK Hon. FRED R. HARRIS, tremendous pressure. As soon as he came back IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. from his cure, which incidently occprred on Friday, March 29, 19-68 the Sabbath, controversy began to rage about DEAR FRED: One of our fri.ends from the mi­ his identity and what had happened to him. Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, today, nority side of the aisle in the House has This one must have sensed he was caught in March 29, is Chinese Youth Day, a major in recent weeks inserted in the Congressional a power struggle between the Pharisees and holiday for our friends of the Republic Record the monthly parity prices for agri­ Jesus, and a lesser man would have picked of China. cultural commodities as evidence of a con­ up the new eyeballs and run for cover, but tinued deteriorating condition of the rural not this m an. Having been helped by another Youth Day is dedicated in the com­ farm economy. and having participated in an event, he stood memoration of 72 martyrs who gave Our Republican friends for some time have his ground and managed to outwit the most their lives to help build the Republic of gleefully pointed to the fact that parity clever minds in the Jerusalem establishment. China, the first republic in Asia. prices and the parity ratio have been at low In reading this account, who would not be Following Sun Yat-Sen, the father of levels for the past few months. delighted to have this kind of a man working the Republic of China, students in Can­ They draw the infe·rence that this some­ for him, a person with this much backbone ton launched a small-scale revolt on how means that the economic position of and basic honesty and loyalty and good sense. farmers is at an an time low. I submit to you, here is a remarkable and March 29, 1910. Of those students, 72 Nothing could be further from the truth. capable human being, and all his life he had were killed and their sacrifice became an The fact is that the farm economy is in been ignored and overlooked because of his inspiration in the struggle to establish a much healthier cond·ition today than it handicap. the Republic. The martyrdom in Canton was in 1960 when my predecessor, Secretary We need to remember this as we contem­ was reported throughout China and after Ezra Taft Benson, was administering the plate the struggle with poverty. We tend to the Repu'blic was established it was de­ Department o1' Agriculture. approach this area negatively and think in termined that the martyrs should be The truth is that realized net farm income terms of just preventing riots and holding remembered. has risen from $11.7 billion in 19.60 to $14.5 down violence. The truth is, there is vast billion in 1967. And, net average income per potential in "the other America"-people ex­ Thus there is Youth Day. farm was only $2,956 in 1960 whe.reas in 1967 actly like this beggar who could greatly en­ On Youth Day, 1968, I call my col­ it has risen to $4,573 per farm. rich society if given a chance and set free leagues' attention to this important The fact 1s that cash receipts from mar­ from their handicaps. There is no way to date in the history of our good friends, ketings have rtsen from $34.0 billion in 1960 estimate the human potenti.al now being the people of the Republic of China. to $42.5 billion in 1967. lost as men sit in the idleness and useless­ In addition, the net equities of farm pro­ ness of poverty. I hope our friendship will be eternal and prietors have risen from $178.6 billion in 1960 This fact came to me forcefully a few I am pleased to recognize this Chinese to $223.8 billion in 1967. weeks ago when I had the privilege of at- national holiday. Some of the Republicans have made much 8340 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 29, 1968 of the elimination of the family farm and Regardless of the yardstick which is used, that he wrote his first play, Catilina; and it of farm foreclosures, but they fail to tell us however, we must continue to strive to bring was there that he became acquainted with that farm foreclosures dropped from 5,100 in about an increase in farm prices and farm and learned to despise the hypocrisy and 1960 to 2,400 in 1967. income. Net income per farmer, while higher smugness of character of some of his fellow With respect to parity levels, I would like than it was under the Republicans, is now citizens. to point out that it is unrealistic to employ pegged at 61 percent of what the nonfarm in­ In 1850 young Ibsen went to Christiania the parity level as the only criteria of the dividual receives and this level should be to continue his study at the university economic well-being of farmers. The long­ improved. there. The same year Catilina appeared in held belief that parity is the only measure of Let me assure you that those of us in the book form, published by the author him­ the state of the farm economy should be Administration who are responsible for agri­ self in 250 copies, of which the booksellers re-examined closely. cultural policy continue to work energetically at the end of a year returned 205. Having Much has been made by the Republicans to increase the income of the farm family to had the play refused for publication as well of the fact that farm prices averaged 80 per­ a level on a par with the income of the city as production on the stage, a young friend of cent of parity in 1960 under Secretary Ben­ and urban fam.ily. his generously advanced the money necessary son but slumped to 74 percent of parity in Farmers have made substantial economic for the printing. 1967. progress under the voluntary programs ap­ While at the University of Christiania Ib­ To demonstrate the fallacy of these parity proved by Congress in the Food and Agricul­ sen became deeply interested in the folk­ figures, ask any farmer whether he would ture Act of 1965. lore, old legends and the sagas of Norway rather have a net average farm income of Net farm income was 25% higher in 1967 and Iceland, as well as the medieval his­ $2,956 such as existed with 80 percent of than 1960 and net average income per farm tory of these two countries. These studies parity in 1960, or the $4,573 average income was 50% higher. The disparity in per capita led to his writing of plays like The Feast which prevailed in 1967 with parity at 74 income of farm people as compared with at Solhaug and Lady Inger of Ostraat, both percent. nonfarm people has been narrowed. of which had their premieres at the Bergen Ask any farmer, or farm equipment dealer, We must continue to seek means of as­ Theater of which Ibsen at this time was di­ or seed or fertilizer merchant whether he suring our farmers of their fair share of the rector, the former on January 2, 1855, and would rather have total national gross farm national income. But continued carping crit­ the latter play exactly one year later. They income of $37.9 billion as in 1960 or the $48.8 icism of farm programs and their operations mark a new era in the Norwegian theater billion of 1967. by Prophets of Doom and Gloom is of no and were the beginning of a movement for a The fact is that you cannot eat parity, you value in that regard. Likewise, conclusions national theater and a national drama. cannot deposit it in the bank, you cannot regarding agriculture's economic health Little was it thought in those days, how­ buy a tractor with it, you cannnot use it based on outmoded parity concepts can serve ever, that Henrik Ibsen was destined to be­ as collateral for a loan. no purpose in improVing the statUs of the come the great figure in the drama of mod­ As a consequence of the large increase in American farmer. ern times. But with the appearance of The productivity since World War II and the dis­ Sincerely yours, Warriors at Helgeland, Love's Comedy and appearance of surplus stocks the parity price ORVILLE L. FREEMAN. The Pretenders-in which the influence of ratio is no longer closely related to changes Scribe, Augier and others of the French in net income. It is completely out of date. school of playwriting gradually gave way to For example, in 1959 when the realized net his own individual mode of expression and income of farmers was $11.3 billion, the parity techniqu~ritics began to realize his im­ ratio was 81. In 1967 when the realized net Arvid Paulson and the Work of Henrik portance as writer for the stage. income of farm operators had risen to $14.5 Ibsen Then along came the Danish-Prussian war, billion, the parity level was 74. and the struggle of the Danes to prevent When the parity ratio is adjusted to reflect Bismarck from annexing Schleswig-Hol­ government payments, it becomes 82 in 1959 HON. THEODORE R. KUPFERMAN stein-a wrong not righted until after the and 79 in 1967. The adjusted parity ratio pro­ OF NEW YORK First World War. Henrik Ibsen wanted his vides a better indication of parity income but compatriots to make common cause with it does not measure increased productivity. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their Danish brothers, and when he found Parity is a yardstick of economic health Friday, March 29, 19·68 public opinion against him he exiled himself which has become outmoded. in protest and went to Italy to live. To understand this, parity, prices and Mr. KUPFERMAN. Mr. Speaker, my The first sound of his voice from abroad parity ratios must be viewed in historical per­ constituent and friend, Arvid Paulson, is came in 1866-two years later-when Brand, spective. In the 1920's equality for farmers the foremost translator of the works of a dramatic poem in five acts, brought the became a much sought after goal by farmers Henrik Ibsen and other prominent Scan­ whole literary world to his feet. Contrasted who propei"ly felt that they should receive a dinavian authors. with Peer Gynt, which followed in the very fair share of the national income. High tariffs But he does not merely translate. In next year, ( 1867) , Brand pictures an ideal­ protected industry and the immigration laws be ized Norwegian people, willing to make protected labor, but farmers bought in a order to steeped in the thinking of his sacrificeS and to suffer in order to attain to protected market and sold in the world mar­ alter ego so thrut the essence of the au­ spiritual heights, while his "hero" in the ket. thor's meaning is retained and expressed latter play, Peer, is an embodiment of traits The fair-exchange value was devised in in the English language, Arvid Paulson that Ibsen, to his dismay, had found in many 1924 to give farmers the same purchasing studies the original author's life and of his own compatriots. These very traits, power for their products which the products works much beyond that involved in however, make Peer universal in character had brought in the years 1910 to 1914. Thus simple translation. and one of the truly great, human portraits was born the parity concept which soon be­ in the dramatic literature of the world. As came national policy. He has recently written an histortcal the play inspired Edvard Grieg to write one The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 account in brief of the life of Henrik of the classics in musical literature, so the used the term "parity" for the first time in Ibsen for the Scandinavian-American role of Peter has been an inspiration to many legislation. Parity income was to be measured Bulletin of March 1968. I am certain my of the great artists of the stage, Mansfield by per capita net income from farm opera­ colleagues will be interested. among others. tions as compared with per capita net income The article follows: Peer Gynt was followed by The League of of persons not on farms-both were to be Youth Emperor and Galilean, The Pil­ HENRIK IBSEN and related to the August 1909-July 1914 base. lars of Society and in 1879 A Doll's House, President Roosevelt envisioned parity for (By Arvid Paulson) which later play created a stir throughout agriculture as a longtime principle to be Henrik Ibsen was born in the 11 ttle town of the whole civilized world at the time of its achieved by programs and methods which Skien in the southeastern part of Norway, appearance, particularly in England, where would be improved over the years. He said: the date being just 140 years ago this month, it had not yet ceased to be the topic of dis­ "What counts is not so much the methods in the year of 1828. The second son of Knud cussion when Ghosts appeared and w~ a of the moment as the pathways that are Ibsen and his wife Marichen Cornelia Mar­ still greater sensation. marked out down the years .... I like to tine Altenburg (their first born had died As a di.rect answer to the many attacks think that never again will this Nation let within a month after Henrik's birth), his upon him because of Ghosts came in 1882 An its agriculture fall back into decay..•. early life was spent in bitterness and priva­ Enemy of the People. This was followed in Methods and machinery may change, but tion. His father, once a well-to-do merchant, close succession by The Wild Duck, (1884), principles go on, and I have faith that, no soon after their second son's birth failed in Rosmersholm, (1886), The Lady from the matter what attempts may be made to tear his business because of spendthrift habits Sea, (1888), Hedda Gabler, (1890), The Mas­ it down, the principle of farm equality ex­ and lavish living and entertaining. Soon ter Builder, (1892), Little Eyolj, (1894), and pressed by agricUltural adjustment will not after having been confirmed, young Ibsen in 1896 John Gabriel Borkman. Three year~ die." was sent away to the nearby town of Grim­ later, (1899), he wrote his last play, When We Under the last Republican Administra­ stad as a student-apothecary. He had hoped Dead Awaken, but it is clearly visible that tion the farm price parity ~·atio fell from to become a painter and spent a great deal the masterful mind of the years that had 103 in 1951-52 to 80 in 1960 and realized net of his time there painting canvases of the passed, was ebbing. An occasional flare of his farm income declined $2.4 billion between surrounding country and the sea. It was own former self can be sensed in some of the 1953 and 1960. during his years in this provincial little town passages-but the great spiritual beauty that March 29, 1968 v EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8341 one meets with in John Gabriel Borkman is Rotary Club Project Service Above Self Bass: Jackson, Willi-am; Kolenick, Mi­ lost. Unquestionably, the latter play contains chael; Kronick, Dennis; Linder, Christoph; some of the finest poetic moments that Ibsen Lucien, Randy; Mason, Thomas. created. In it he reached the pinnacle o{ fine 2nd Soprano: Fremed, Shari; Gronin, feeling-the feeling created by an anguished HON. HE.RBERT TENZER Beth; Kurtzman, Ellen; Russo, Christine; soul lost in a spiritual mist. He may, indeed­ OF NEW YORK Sherman, Sharon. for his creation of John Gabriel Borkman­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tenor: Belle, John; Chernoff, Michael; be spoken of as the poet of the anguished Siperstein, Edward; Sophos, WilHam. soul. Friday, March 29, 1968 Soloist: Gloria Webb. Henrik Ibsen's great life work was to lay Mr. TENZER. Mr. Speaker, during the Folk Singer: Jaquellne Shapiro. bare the shams and hypocrisies of his fellow­ national observance of Brotherhood "Brothers all" men. The prejudices that had taken root everywhere had to be pulled up; the barriers Week, the Rotary Club of Far Rockaway "At a time of plague and pestilence we that conventions--conventions that had and the Five Towns sponsored an un­ speak of disease and yearn for health. In our come to be looked upon as divine laws-­ usual project which I wish to bring to time of deep-rooted hostility, violence, ha­ had built up, had to be torn down in order to the attention of my colleagues in the tred and self-hatred, it may not seem very let in fresh air and new ideas. Frankness and House. fashionable to speak of brotherhood. Yet truth had to be the foundation of the home, brotherhood is that social health which ulti­ The project was a joint program of ex­ mately must conquer and replace the bu­ of our relations with our neighbors and in change assemblies between Far Rock­ politics; social and ethical questions had bonic plague of our time: emotional and to be discussed in the open, evil, inherited away High School and Lawrence High physical destructiveness. The young-in or­ traits must be bred out of our fammes. With School. These brotherhood assemblies der to survive-have vital reasons to explore the blending of expert craftsmanship and were held at Far Rockaway High SChool the promises of brotherhood as the healthy dialogue that was perfection in its terseness on February 19 and 21, 1968, and at reality of tomorrow."-Herman Ebeling, Long and economy of words, he broke away from Lawrence High School on March 8 and Island Area Director, National Conference of the antiquated, conventional school and gave Christians and Jews. 15, 1968. "Far Rockaway High School is pleased to us the technique which has as yet been un­ Lawrence High School is located in the surpassed and serves as a model for the play­ exchange these Brotherhood assemblies with wright of today. Fifth Congressional District which I its neighbor, Lawrence High School. While Perhaps his greatest asset was his remark­ am privileged to represent and Far Rock­ these exchanges bridge only a small distance able knowledge of psychology, his deep in­ away High School is located in the lOth and link only two small groups, they attest sight into character. Such knowledge is not Congressional District represented by the to our mutual good will and our reaching inborn. Founded on instinct and aided by distinguished dean of the House, the out toward a great principle. In the final intuition, it is developed by self-analysis, a Honorable EMANUEL CELLER, WhO joins analysis, harmony and peace on earth rely questioning mind and observation. upon many small gestures, initially reach­ Ibsen often took his plots and characters me in this tribute to the Rotary Club pro­ ing out from group to group and then from from real life. As he ferreted out and exposed gram. nation to nation. We o1fer our small force covered shams, he not only scraped the I am placing the program for these toward what we hope will be a gathering veneer off their surface but penetrated to assemblies in the RECORD at this point so momentum directed toward universal broth­ erhood."-David Gordon, Principal, Far the core. While he, as a philosopher, may that my colleagues may read this ex­ not have been revolutionary, he has few peers Rockaway High School. in modern drama as a psychologist. A pro­ periment in brotherhood: "The faculty and student body of Lawrence found champion of frankness and truth in THE F'II'TH ANNUAL COMMUNITY BROTHER• High School strongly endorse the concept of our daily Ufe and personal contacts, he was HOOD OBSERVANCE Brotherhood Week and welcome the oppor­ the first playwright to realtze the value of (Sponsored by the Rotary Club o! Far tunity to share our experiences with others. unity of time, economy of words, and sim­ Rockaway-Five Towns) We are privileged to be host to Far Rockaway pllcity of language-a concentrated form of High School students, who will present an playwriting hitherto unknown. "196S SCENE-AMERICANS ALL" assembly program in the Lawrence High Ibsen was a true Norseman-a modern (Joint Pa.rtlcipation by Students of Far School auditorium on the brotherhood viking, always on a hazardous pilgrimage, Rock·away, N.Y., High School and Lawrence, theme. This "exchange" program will take constantly discovering new realms to con­ N.Y., High SChool, February 19 and 21, 1968; place on Monday, February 19, and Wednes­ quer: false pride, hypocrisies, immoral and March 8 and 15, 1968. An inaugural Rotary day, February 21, 1968. Lawrence High unmoral "morality", stagnated lies and per­ community service project-"Servtce Above School, in turn, will present two assembly verted truths. Self") programs at Far Rockaway High School on Ibsen was a true aristocrat-not the kind "For happily the Government of the United Friday, March 8, and Friday, March 15, 1968. that you read about in story books and in States, which gives to bigotry no Sla.IlCtion, to "We strongly commend the efforts of the the news of the day, but a democrat en­ persecution no assistance requires only that Rotary Club of the Five Towns for initiating nobled by thoughts of good deeds which, (be­ they who live under its protection should de­ the proposal involving the two neighboring cause so often misunderstood), turned him mean themselves as good citizens in giving it high schools."-Edwln D. Krawitz, Principal, into a man dimcult to approach. Snobbish­ on all occasions their effectual support."­ Lawrence High School. ness, flattery, shams were his arch enemies. George Washington. "The theme of Rotary is Service Above Self. It was these enemies he set out to conquer "That this nation, under God, shall have We, of the Rotary, take great pride in bring­ on his crusades. He did not have to go far. a new birth of freedom; and that govern­ ing together the students of Far Rockaway He found them in his own native Norway, ment of the people, by the people, for the and Lawrence High School to mark the na­ and he attacked them. He was attacked in people, shall not perish from the earth."­ tional observance of Brotherhood Week. We turn viciously, violently, maliciously. No one Abraham Lincoln. are happy to learn that through our en­ wishes to be told his own faults, especially PROGRAM deavors of Service to the Community the when told in plain and unmistakable lan­ (Presented by the Far Rockaway High School message of Brotherhood may become a reality guage, and in public. And so the old proverb to thousands of teen-agers. came true once again; no one is a prophet in at the Lawrence High School, February 19, 1968, and February 21, 1968) "It is our wish that spirit of Brotherhood his own country. will indeed permeate our hearts and the Henrik Ibsen was a defiant individualist. Brotherhood Today: Helen Fink and Kathy Kahn. hearts of our fellow citizens everywhere."­ His character was one of runt-and he never Morrls Gabriel, President, Rotary of Far stooped to tackle anything but flint; there­ Choral Numbers: 1. "Sing We and Ohant fore the sparks were always certain to fiy It," by Morley; 2. "Come Again, Sweet Love," Rockaway & Five Towns. whenever he sought battle. Petty foibles did by Dowland; 3. "Ride the Charlot," by PROGRAM Smith. not engage his interest-he left those to (Presented by the Lawrence High School at the minor souls of his century to use as Solo--"The Sound of Music," by Rodgers: the Far Rockaway High School, March 8, pawns in their little game. He may, as a Allyne Ross. 1968 and March 15, 1968) matter of fact, have felt that human beings, Duet-"You'll Never Walk Alone," by Americans All: Marc Dreier and Abby himself included, were entitled to their lit­ Rodgers: John Belle, Tenor; Thomas Mason, Bloom. tle vanities, and frailties. Baritone. Greetings from Rotary: Rabbi Lowenheim. Lawrence High School Chorus It was the beasts of rotten conventions, David Gordon, Principal. prudery, lies and hidden truths that were Directors: Miss Dorothy Garver, Mr. An- Hyman Seiden, Administrative Assistant. thony Pollere. his prey--and how many men will walk this Ralph Stark, Teacher in Charge. path f.or a life time without deviating from "Sanctus," by Joseph Haydn. their ideals? Members of chorus "150th Psalm," by Jean Berger. "Everytime I Feel The Spirit," by WilUam Having lived in Italy and Germany with 1st Soprano: Berg, Heidi; Gross, Elaine; Dawson. infrequent visits to his native Norway, he Merenstein, Sandi; Mitchell, Denise; Quaker, finally returned there in 1891 and spent the Jane. Lawrence High School Band remainder of his life in Christiania where Alto: Hermelin, Beth; Lefkowitz, Loree; Directors: Mr. Arthur Jones, Mr. John he died on May 23, 1906. Ross, Allyne; Wade, Colleen; Webb, Gloria. Turner. 8342 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 1, 1968 "Pan American Percussion," by David Lawrence High School Dramatic Society faculty and students of Far Rockaway Steinberg. Sherry Bass, Linda Halperin, Ronnie Herst, and Lawrence high schools for a suc­ Lawrence High School Dramatic Society Gergory Lazan, Sherry Smith, Marc Trussel. cessful program. The Rotary Club of Far Greetings from Rotary: Rev. James Cray. Dire

HOUSE, O·F REPRE:SENTATIVE;S-Monday, April 1, 1968 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. has come to our Nation-its land and Remove the strange symbols of hawks Rabbi Arthur T. Buch, Shaare Zedek its people. and doves from our midst, and restore the Congregation, New York, N.Y., offered At this hour when some of the blessing American eagle in its majestic soaring the following prayer: is in danger of being blighted, We ask Thy grace upon the leader of heavenward as our chief concern and Our fathers' God who hast endowed our Republic, the President of the United pride. Amen. all humanity with unalienable rights of States, the constituted officers of its life, liberty, and the pursuit of happi­ realm, and the representatives of the ness, people. THE JOURNAL With whom the people of America have Guide them in their decisions, and entered into a compact to guarantee strengthen them in their determination The Journal of the proceedings of that endowment, to convert the agony of Vietnam into a Thursday, March 28, 1968, was read and We acknowledge the blessedness which triumph of the spirit. approved.