Output 4.5 - Work Package 4 Demographic Change in Canton Nidwalden (Central Switzerland): Short Regional Report

Output 4.5 - Work Package 4 Demographic change in Canton Nidwalden (Central Switzerland): short regional report

Interface Policy studies Research Consulting (IIPS) Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Social Work (HSLU) Prepared by: Daniel Matti, Rike Stotten, February 2011 1 1 Introduction

Short regional report has been prepared as part of WP4 which includes demographic analysis of selected model areas. Analysis is divided into a general basic analysis which uses indicators as a core input and an in-depth analysis performed through inter- views and focus groups of model regions with a selection of specific focus. Data in this report captures six topics which describe demographic change and regions more into details: territorial organisation, geographical situation, natural conditions and housing, demography including demographic projections, economy, tourism, agriculture and public services.

Each short regional report consists of three chapters: first explains why certain region has been chosen, second includes a short overview of short data part introducing main geographical characteristics of the region with the focus on demography – situation and projections, socio-economic situation including basic expectations for the future and connectivity and public services. The last chapter of the report uncovers key impacts of demographic change in the region as communicated during focus groups.

1.1 Background for selection of model region

Data on demographic change will be made available in the fourth of eight work packages. Canton Nidwalden is one of two Swiss model regions involved in the DEMOCHANGE project. This short regional report offers an overview of Nidwalden's cantonal profile and key data relating to its demographic change. Also provided is a general report outlining the data of all the countries involved.

There now follows a regional profile of Canton Nidwalden comprising an outline of its geographic (section 2.1), demographic (2.2) and socioeconomic (2.3) situation, plus a description of its service provision situation. This is followed by a summary of the current and potential impacts of demographic change (3).

WP4 Demographic change in Authors | Contact: Canton Nidwalden: Daniel Matti | Rike Stotten short regional report [email protected] | www.demochange.org Date: February 2011

2 2 Presentation of the model region

2.1 Geographic situation

Area size and land use change

Nidwalden is located in Central Switzerland, its borders formed by Lake Lucerne and the Bernese, Uri and Obwalden Alps. Its principal geographic features consist of its mountains, the Engelberg Valley, and Lake Lucerne. It has a surface area of 276 km2, which is composed of agricultural land (43.3%), woodland/forestry (31.1%, including wooded land), built environment (3.5%) and watercourses/bodies of water or areas free of vegetation (22.1%). Woodland grew by 8.8% between 1990 and 2009.

Administrative framework

Nidwalden comprises 11 political municipalities, each very different one from the other and corresponding to six different types of municipality.1 The canton’s legislative body is its 60-seat parliament or Landrat (three political parties, the SVP, CVP and FDP, currently possess almost equal shares of 90% of the seats). The canton’s executive body is its seven-strong government, which comprises two representatives from each of the three parties mentioned above. The judiciary is composed of the cantonal high court, the administrative court and the cantonal court. The canton’s administration is spread across seven directorates: Finances, Construction, Justice and Security, Education, Agriculture and Environment, Health and Social Welfare, and Economy.

Brief description of planning system

The canton’s spatial planning activities come within the remit of the Director of the Office for Spatial Planning (ARE NW). The ARE NW is responsible for overseeing the efficient use of land and orderly population settlement, while safeguarding natural resources. It also coordinates the implementation of spatially relevant tasks and acts to reconcile the interests of stakeholders in the event of spatial use conflicts. The ARE NW comprises three departments: Spatial Development, Nature and Countryside Preservation, and Surveying.

1 cf. Switzerland’s municipality topology, prepared by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office (BFS) in 2000: ‘high revenue’: Hergiswil, Stansstad; ‘centres’: Stans; ‘periurban’: Ennetmoos; ‘suburban’: Beckenried, Buochs, Ennetbürgen, Oberdorf; ‘touristic’: Emmetten; ‘mixed agricultural’: Dallenwil, Wolfenschiessen.

WP4 Demographic change in Authors | Contact: Canton Nidwalden: Daniel Matti | Rike Stotten short regional report [email protected] | www.demochange.org Date: February 2011

3 2.2 Demography – situation and projections

Population changes

In 2009 the permanent resident population of Canton Nidwalden stood at 40,794, an increase of 13.4% on 1994. While all 11 municipalities have grown in population since 1994, those bordering the lake have grown the most. The populations of Wolfenschies- sen and Stansstad have stagnated since 2004 (see following illustration).

Figure 1: Population development in Nidwalden 1994-2009

Fertility

The birth and death rates per 1000 head of population are roughly similar, as shown in the following illustration.

Figure 2: Birth and death rates in Nidwalden 1994-2009

The consolidated birth rate in Nidwalden is around one to two tenths lower than the Swiss average (1.43 (1995, CH: 1.58), 1.47 (1999, CH: 1.60), 1.32 (2004, CH: 1.41) und 1.32 (2009, CH: 1.52)) and is not sufficient to keep the population stable in the long term.

Age structure by groups and projections of age structure by groups

Nidwalden's age distribution is changing. The proportion of the population aged 65 and over is set to rise from today's 15.6% to 31.4% in 2050. Over the same period the proportion of young people is set to decline from today's 21.3% to 16.3% (see following population pyramid).1

1 According to the BFS, AR-00-2005/09 scenario, 2009-2050. Youth quota: proportion of under-20 year-olds in the population.

WP4 Demographic change in Authors | Contact: Canton Nidwalden: Daniel Matti | Rike Stotten short regional report [email protected] | www.demochange.org Date: February 2011

4 male female male female

Figure 3: Population pyramid in Nidwalden 2009 and 2050

Households

The average number of persons per private household in Nidwalden was 2.33 in 2005. It was 2.25 in 2010 and is set to fall further to 2.02 in 2030.

Education structure

Nidwalden's education and training situation in 2009 was as follows: 21.8% of 25-64 year-olds had received no post-compulsory education (ISCED 1+2), 53.0% had followed some kind of Secondary II course (ISCED 3+4) and 20.8% had followed some kind of course at tertiary level (ISCED 5+6).

Projections net natural and net migration

Population forecasts show Nidwalden's population as rising to 46,900 until 2039. After that the population looks like stagnating and declining slightly to 46,650 by 2050.1 The current surplus of births will turn into a deficit from around 2040, at which point it will no longer bear on the population figures. The canton's changing population figures are mainly a product of positive inward migration from other parts of Switzerland and abroad (see following illustration).2

Inward migration per 1‘000 residents

Birth surplus per 1‘000 residents

Figure 4: Births and inward migration in Nidwalden 1994-2050

1 AR-00-2005/09 scenario prepared by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office (BFS) 2 Source: BFS. Until 2009: balance of permanent resident population by canton. From 2010: A-00-2005/09 scenario.

WP4 Demographic change in Authors | Contact: Canton Nidwalden: Daniel Matti | Rike Stotten short regional report [email protected] | www.demochange.org Date: February 2011

5 2.3 Socio - economic situation including basic expectations for the future

Economic structure

Nidwalden’s economy is characterised by small and medium enterprises embracing a wide range of sectors. In terms of advan- tages as a place to live and work, the canton pursues business-friendly policies and the authorities are easy to get hold of; the canton’s tax regime is very favourable, while its location is conveniently central for ease of access. Nidwalden is in good health financially, and companies here enjoy one of Europe’s lowest rates of corporation tax. It is a net do- nor in the Swiss financial equalisation/burden compensation system (2010: CHF 375 per head of population).

Employed/unemployed persons

Unemployment in 2009 stood at just 1.8% (October 2010: 1.4%).

Employment by sectors

In Nidwalden, 7.2% (1350 persons) of the economically active population (labour force participation rate in 2000: 81.2%) works in the first sector, 30.8% (5818) in the second and 62.0% (11,713) in the third sector (2005). The cantonal gross domestic product per head of population in 2008 was CHF 64,074 (Switzerland: CHF 70,350). The sectors generating the most employment are construction/civil engineering, mechanical/vehicle engineering, retail, hospitality and agriculture.

Commuting and job market

In 2000, 59.6% of the working population commuted out of the canton to work. An annual average of 45 jobs was on offer at any one time.1

Settlement patterns

Nidwalden’s built environment is decentralised in nature and is concentrated along the main axes (Lucerne-Stans-Beckenried, Stansstad-Stans-Wolfenschiessen, Buochs-Ennetbürgen). Its spatial planning policies focus on main areas of development: residential development areas, valley floors and areas popular with tourists. Owing to the topographical realties, conflicts of use in a period of rising population and changing requirements are hard to avoid.2

Housing

In 2000 there were 5249 purely residential dwellings stemming from an earlier age and larger than the Swiss average. In 2010, 0.92% of the dwellings were unoccupied. 90% of the dwellings are owned by private individuals, and the proportion of owner occupiers is 37.5%.3 59.1% of the dwellings in 2000 were let, and the average monthly rent in 2003 was CHF 1308. The average floor area per resident in 2000 was 44 m2.

1 Source: seco: www.amstat.ch 2 See Nidwalden’s Cantonal Development Plan 2009. 3 Owner occupiers are owners who live in the property they own (on a sole, joint or condominium basis).

WP4 Demographic change in Authors | Contact: Canton Nidwalden: Daniel Matti | Rike Stotten short regional report [email protected] | www.demochange.org Date: February 2011

6 Tourism

Service providers in Nidwalden's tourism sector are a significant economic factor, being responsible for 12% of the canton's employment and 8% of its GDP (2002). Nidwalden is focused on welcoming visitors in summer and winter thanks to the easily accessible lake, valleys and mountains. In 2008 the canton had 42 operational hotels and spas offering 1979 beds. Nidwalden's tourism enjoys a close affinity with the activities of the Lake Lucerne, Lucerne and Engelberg-Titlis tourist boards. Current challenges include reconciling the needs of the tourism sector with those of the farming sector, the provision of enough high-quality hotel accommodation, and the canton's dependence on day tourism (some 80% of visitors).

Agriculture

In 2009 there were 505 agricultural enterprises in the canton (71.1% primary occupation) employing 1350 persons (36.7% full- time). The average size of the farms was 12.1 ha, 98.2% of which was devoted to primary forage. In 2009 78.4% of the farms were in mountainous areas (40% in zone 1, 27% in zone 2). Key amongst forthcoming challenges are their dependence on dairy, their modest size, and the cutback in market support.

WP4 Demographic change in Authors | Contact: Canton Nidwalden: Daniel Matti | Rike Stotten short regional report [email protected] | www.demochange.org Date: February 2011

7 2.4 Connectivity and public services

Connectivity to the region

The canton occupies a central location and easy to reach despite being on the edge of the Alps. The opportunities in terms of work, leisure, recreation and culture in Lucerne, Zug and, to an extent, Zurich and its environs are easily available from Stans via its motorway access and regional rail links. Nowhere is very far within the canton. Stans, as its capital, is generally never more than 20 minutes' drive.

Social services

Nidwalden's public service provision is good. As with many other rural regions, the canton's healthcare provisions are more restricted than in the rest of Switzerland (2008: one public hospital with 100 beds, 47 doctors, 19 dentists, 750 Spitex/homecare clients, 5 pharmacies). That said, the canton's proximity to Lucerne means that obtaining good quality medical health care is not an issue. With 10.3 places in old people's homes and nursing homes per 1000 inhabitants (2008), sociomedical care provision here is good, even though it is slightly below the Swiss average (11.8).

Education

At the beginning of 2009, 5051 children were attending one of the canton’s schools. Kindergarten attendance in Nidwalden was an average 1.7 years in 2008 (Switzerland: 1.9 years), and compulsory school attendance was virtually 100%.

Telecommunications

Telecommunications in Nidwalden are good. In 2008, 79% of Central Swiss households had access to the internet, 81.4% of Swiss households possessed a personal computer, and 35.6% residents in Switzerland had subscribed to high-speed broadband internet by the end of 2009 (OECD: 23.3%).1

Culture and social life

While Nidwalden’s cultural offering could be characterised as average (e.g. one cinema in 2009), it offers a dynamic range of clubs and associations. The canton’s residents are able to take full advantage of their proximity to Lucerne and its vibrant cultural life.

1 No cantonal information available.

WP4 Demographic change in Authors | Contact: Canton Nidwalden: Daniel Matti | Rike Stotten short regional report [email protected] | www.demochange.org Date: February 2011

8 3 Key impacts of demographic change

Demographic change is expected to have a range of consequences for society, for the economy and for the environment. These consequences will differ in terms of scope as well as scale. With the size of the population of Nidwalden set to continue increasing for the next two decades at least, the most important consequence of change in the canton's demographics from the point of view of the stakeholders involved in the DEMOCHANGE project will be felt not so much in the size of the population, but in its age structure. The stakeholders in Nidwalden are predicting fairly major consequences – especially for the canton's agriculture and for its economy. Moreover, there is talk of potential challenges facing its social services and public facilities.

Growing and aging population in Nidwalden

Nidwalden's population is ageing comparatively faster than the rest of Switzerland: as outlined above, the proportion of over 65 year-olds is set to rise from 15.6% to 31.4% at the same time as the proportion of young people is set to fall from 21.3% to 16.3%.

Farm succession and land use

Within the context of DEMOCHANGE, Nidwalden's agriculture is, as a result, expected to face particular challenges. The phe- nomenon of demographic ageing superimposes itself on the structural changes that are already impacting agriculture, and thus serves to amplify its effects. When it comes to discussions about changes in the canton's demographics, the spotlight is on increasingly problematic farm succession scenarios, a potential shortfall in agricultural labour, the increased need within families to provide care as a result of growing life expectancy, and an increase in the demand for part-time job opportunities. It is expected that the number of farms will continue to fall, that the pressure for change of use of agricultural buildings will rise, and that there will be a growing need to mechanise farming practices on the back of an ageing workforce.

Enough qualified labour?

When it comes to the second area affected by demographic change – the economy – two questions come to the fore in Nidwal- den: firstly, will there be enough qualified labour to satisfy demand going forward; and secondly, will there be enough demand within the canton to maintain today's small-scale public service structures? With regard to the sufficiency of a qualified workforce, the focus needs to be on inward migration, the ease of access by road/ rail, and the canton's attractiveness as a business location. Thanks to Nidwalden's central location and the current appeal of its business-friendly environment, it can be relatively safely assumed that the prevailing economic dynamism will not, at least in the medium term, become problematic. Particular attention will have to be paid to the question of inward migration. Forecasts (see section 2.2) are seeing this as becoming the most important source of positive population dynamics. Alongside this, the impor- tance of an up-to-the-minute migration and integration policy will make increasing economic sense (and will positively impact Nidwalden's agriculture, too).

WP4 Demographic change in Authors | Contact: Canton Nidwalden: Daniel Matti | Rike Stotten short regional report [email protected] | www.demochange.org Date: February 2011

9 Social services: a challenge

Nidwalden's public services (especially those relating to care and services for the elderly provided in the home) are likely to face challenges, accompanied by a withdrawal of public facilities for children. Those of Nidwalden's municipalities destined to see their populations shrink over the medium or long term due to the change in their demographics might find their primary care cover – already less than ideal – worsen further.1 Elderly people living in these areas will have to put up with travelling longer distances or move home – either that, or private or publicly funded service providers will have to ensure the provision of primary care services over a wide area at higher cost. The falling numbers of children and young people may well be accompanied by cutbacks in public facilities for these segments of the population.

Rising demand for spatial planning

Nidwalden's households will decrease in size, while their number will increase. In terms of spatial planning, changes in the canton's demographics may pose challenges with regard to providing suitable residential space for the population, especially those who are elderly.

Bibliography

- Bundesamt für Statistik der Schweiz (BFS), 2007. Szenarien zur Bevölkerungsentwicklung der Kantone 2005-2050. Kanton Nidwalden. BFS. Neuchâtel. - Bundesamt für Statistik der Schweiz (BFS), 2009. Gesundheitsdienste und Personal. Ambulante Dienste. Available at: [Accessed 4 March 2011] - Bundesamt für Statistik der Schweiz (BFS), 2010. Gemeindetypologie der Schweiz von 2000. Available at: [Accessed 4 March 2011] - Bundesamt für Statistik der Schweiz (BFS), 2010. Szenarien zur Bevölkerungsentwicklung in der Schweiz 2010-2060. BFS. Neuchâtel. - Bundesamt für Statistik der Schweiz (BFS), 2010. Zukünftige Bevölkerungsentwicklung der Schweiz. Available at: [Accessed 4 March 2011] - Kanton Nidwalden, 2010. Kantonaler Richtplan Nidwalden 2009. Available at: [Accessed 4 March 2011] - Kanton Nidwalden, 2009. Kanton Nidwalden in Zahlen 2009. Nidwaldner Kantonalbank. Stans. - Staatssekretariat für Wirtschaft (seco), 2010. Schweizerische Arbeitsmarktstatistik. Available at: [Accessed 4 March 2011)

1 No municipality population forecasts available. However, a fall in the population of some of Nidwalden’s municipalities is likely in the medium term. In 2009 the provision in Nidwalden of outpatient primary care by general practitioners per 100,000 inhabitants was considerably lower than the Swiss average (BFS, 2009).

WP4 Demographic change in Authors | Contact: Canton Nidwalden: Daniel Matti | Rike Stotten short regional report [email protected] | www.demochange.org Date: February 2011

10 Work Package WP 4 SHORT REGIONAL REPORTS - DATA PART

WP4 Demographic change in Author | Contact: Lucerne Seetal: Daniel Matti short regional report [email protected] | www.demochange.org Date: March 2011

2006 2009 2000 2008

8 118 124 109 121 240 42.0 (CH) 133 * 2000-2009 1999-2009 1999-2009 1994-2009 Seetal

42,197 *

2009 2006 2008 2000 2009 2007

276 148 30 * 44.0 (CH) 525 * 124 * 121 * 1999-2009 1999-2009 45,708 19,177

Nidwalden

2008 2010 2008 2008 2008 81 512 104 132 44 * 30.7 126 * 158 * 156 * 2004-2008 2005-2009 2005-2009 (SLO) Škofja 2005-2008 15,495 * Loka Hills

2011 2008 2008 2008 2008 28 779 104 33 * 42.1 126 * 163 * 156 * 164 * 2004-2008 2005-2009 2005-2009 (SLO) Upper 2005-2008 15,495 * Gorenjska 2006 2009 2001 2007

56 44 200 131 23.0 212 * South 1991-2001 Model 1992-2007 33,791 * Tyrolean Tyrolean

Region (I) 2008 2008 2001 2008

(I) 82 38 111 190 100 100 49.2 100 * 1991-2001 2009-2010 2009-2010 2004-2008 Langa 18,614 Astigiana Territory Housing 2009 2009 2009 2001 2009 39 130 135 96 * 36.8 101 * 3,263 Aosta Valley Valley 2001-2006 2007-2009 2009-2010 1995-2009 32,784 region (I) Economy, employment Economy, 100-138 * 128-153 * 2011 2011 2011 2009 2010 2001 2007 2001

34 48 (A) 39 * 145 * 5,421 142 * 36.1 * 1997-2007 2,488 * Pongau 25,700 * - Lungau Pinzgau - 365,667 * 2008 2008 2008 2008 2007 85 46 330 102 121 44.6 96 * 100 * 1,012 2004-2008 2004-2008 2004-2008 1993-2007 23,483 Parten -

District of Garmisch- kirchen (D) kirchen 2008 2008 2008 2008 2007 19 103 133 140 150 44.2 97 * 3,349 100 * 2004-2008 2004-2008 2004-2008 1993-2007 27,957

Allgäu (D)

2 Model Region Area size, km² Average price €/m² for Average house, index first year/ last year in STS GVA/person or GDP/ GVA/person person in € (abs. number) Indicator Density of population, inhabitants per km² Share of mountains (%) Number of dwellings, index first year/last year in STS living area, Average m² per person price €/m² for Average apt, index first year/ last year in STS or GDP/ GVA/person person in €, index first year/last year in LTS Average purchase Average prices of land, €/m Summary table of data part

WP4 Demographic change Compiled by PP6 UPIRS in the Alpine space: Barbara Černič Mali ([email protected]) summary table of data part Naja Marot ([email protected]) [email protected] | www.demochange.org

12 1999 1994 2009 2010 2008 2008 2008 2009

sector)

sector) sector) rd st nd 6.3 7.6 2.9 129 285 (3 (CH) (1 (2 1994-2009 2001-2010 Seetal 26,032

83,600 28 15 15 2005 1999 1994 2008 2010 2005 2008 2005

sector)

sector) nd sector) 4.5 6.5 1.8 nd 369 rd (CH) (2 2001-2010 (2 95,543 40,794 (3 7 9 Nidwalden 10

1998 1997 2008 2010 2002 2009 2009 2008 4.3 2.6 110 135 16.8 2005-2008 2005-2010 10 (F) (SLO) 23 (C) Škofja 14 (G) 27,869 41,407 Loka Hills

1998 1997 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2008 89 4.0 117 -1.5 -3.6 9 (G) 27 (I) (SLO) Upper 18 (C) 25,983 21,522 2000-2003 2005-2010 Gorenjska

1999 2007 2008 2001 2001 2001 2009 1995

8.6 2.4 5.7 24 * 19 * 107 149 * South 1997-2007 1997-2010 Model 11,147

72,722 * 26 (G&I) Tyrolean Tyrolean Region (I) (avg.) (avg.) 2008 2001 2008 2008 2008 2009

(I) 3.7 55 * 6 (F) -11.1 7,117 1991-2001 -8.9 * 25 (C) Langa 27,869 54 (A) * Astigiana 1995-1999 1991-1994 1999 2009 2007 2009 2009 2009 2009 1994 Demography 91 3.2 184 -1.5 -2.0 Aosta Valley Valley 1995-2009 2004-2007 16 (F) 10 (C) 57,475 127,466 region (I) 11 (G&O) 11 (avg.) (avg.) 2007 2009 2001 2001 2001 2010 (A) 6.3 7.2 6.9 * 17 (I) 109 * 144 * 1996-2007 2004-2009 15 (C) 14 (G)

Pongau 183,781 25,700 * - Lungau Pinzgau - 1981-1991 1971-1981 1998 2007 2008 2008 2008 2009 1993

81 4.2 131 -1.2 -1.1 1998-2008 1993-2007 16 (I) * 49,939 86,305 Parten - 22 (Q) * 14 (G) * District of Garmisch- kirchen (D) kirchen 1998 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2009 1993 3.5 0.5 133 57 * 0.95 1993-2007 1998-2008 55,970 31 (C) * 12 (Q) * 15 (G) * 467,969 Allgäu (D) rd - Model Region year in LTS year in LTS nd st most important nd most important sec - st Indicator Population develop ment (abs. number) Unemployment rate (%) Natural increase / 1000 inhabitants per 2 year, GVA or GDP/em - GVA ployed persons in € (abs. number) or GDP/em - GVA ployed pers. in €, index first year/last year in LTS Unemployed persons, index first year/last year in LTS Share of employed in 1 Share of employed in 2 Share of employed 3 most important sector in % (NACE code) Natural increase / 1000 inhabitants per 1 year, sector in % (NACE code) tor in % (NACE code)

2009 2009 2004 2008 1994 1999 2004 2.9 1.8 112 78 * 86 * 3.7 * 3.1 * 0.8 * (CH) 113 * 113 142 * 10.0 * 1.54 * 1994-2008 1994-2008 1994-2008 1999-2009 1994-2008 Seetal

2009 2009 2004 2008 1994 1999 2004 2.5 6.4 4.0 2.3 3.1 113 79 * 1.43 10.1 93 * (CH) 122 * 101 * 1999-2008 1999-2009 1999-2009 1999-2009 2004-2008

Nidwalden

2009 2008 2003 2008 1997 1998 2003 75 90 2.3 4.4 5.1 5.4 1.4 104 107 154 -1.8 1.64 * 1993-2008 1993-2008 1993-2008 1993-2008 1993-2008 (SLO) Škofja Loka Hills

2008 2003 1997 1998 2008 2003 2009 73 82 97 13 6.6 1.1 121 136 -3.6 -2.2 15.6 1.64 * 1993-2008 1993-2008 1993-2008 1993-2008 1993-2008 (SLO) Upper Gorenjska 2009 2008 1995 1999 2004 2009 2004

82 88 1.2 4.8 9.7 7.2 6.6 112 102 120 -0.5 South 1995-2009 1995-2009 1995-2009 1995-2009 1995-2009 Model 1.60 * Tyrolean Tyrolean Region (I) (avg.) (avg.) (avg.) (avg.) 2009 2009

(I) 59 98 83 5.7 3.4 4.1 100 100 -7.7 3.4 * -11.0 1994-2009 1994-2009 1994-2009 1994-2009 1994-2009 Langa Astigiana 1991-1994 1995-1999 2005-2009 2005-2009 2008 2009 1994 1999 2004 2009 2004 Age structure 6 7 66 98 99 4.3 3.6 0.3 111 117 -0.3 1.47 Aosta Valley Valley 1994-2009 1994-2009 1994-2009 1994-2009 1994-2009 region (I) (avg.) (avg.) (avg.) (avg.) (avg.) (avg.) (avg.) (avg.) (avg.) 2009 1981 70 72 (A) 0.3 2.2 2.7 5.8 106 139 136 -2.0 -0.3 1.39 * Pongau - Lungau Pinzgau - 1981-2009 1981-2009 1981-2009 1981-2009 1981-2009 2002-2007 1981-1991 1991-2001 2002-2007 1991-2001(avg.) 2008 2008 1993 1998 2003 2008 2003 94 96 84 0.4 2.5 3.7 0.8 105 128 -4.9 -3.9 2000-2010 2000-2010 2000-2010 2000-2010 2000-2010 30.71 * Parten - District of Garmisch- kirchen (D) kirchen 2008 2008 1993 1998 2003 2008 2003 95 85 1.5 6.0 2.8 4.6 109 106 122 -1.7 -2.1 2000-2010 2000-2010 2000-2010 2000-2010 2000-2010 35.76 * Allgäu (D) Model Region year in LTS rd year in LTS year in LTS year in LTS st nd rd Indicator Total fertility rate Total first index old, year 0-14 year/last year in LTS 15-24, index first year/ last year in LTS 25-49, index first year/ last year in LTS 50-64, index first year/ last year in LTS Net migration / 1000 inhabitants per year, last year in LTS Net migration / 1000 inhabitants per year, 1 Net migration / 1000 inhabitants per year, 2 Net migration / 1000 inhabitants per year, 3 Natural increase / 1000 inhabitants per last year in LTS year, Natural increase / 1000 inhabitants per 3 year, 65-79, index first year/ last year in LTS

2009 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2005 92 37 125 106 2.73 (CH) 129 * 2,117 1,184 2,419 1,466 8,351 113 * 113 23.2 * 160 * 1994-2008 1990-2000 1990-2000 1990-2000 1990-2000 1990-2005 1999-2009 Seetal

2009 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2009 97 114 22.7 2.26 (CH) 26 * 83 * 125 * 5,195 4,804 2,199 123 * 104 * 1999-2009 1990-2000 1990-2000 1990-2000 1990-2000 2005-2009 2004-2008 1,945 15,153

Nidwalden 2008 2008 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 97 95 110 109 108 125 25.0 22.0 3.10 2,394 2,352 2,457 3,196 (SLO) 1991-2002 1991-2002 1993-2008 1991-2002 1991-2002 1991-2002 Škofja 12,821 Loka Hills 2008 2008 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 95 95 110 106 108 135 20.0 27.0 2.70 1,958 1,488 1,723 1,645 7,832 1991-2002 1991-2002 1993-2008 1991-2002 1991-2002 1991-2002 (SLO) Upper Gorenjska 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 85 146 102 124 726 155 810 756 162 26.3 19.3 2.70 1,352 4,232 South 1995-2009 1995-2009 1995-2009 1986-2008 1986-2008 1986-2008 Model Tyrolean Tyrolean Region (I) 2009 2009 2001 2001 2001 2001 2009 2009 (I) 91 95 113 106 607 102 952 390 103 2.09 16.4 50.7 3,382 1994-2009 2003-2009 1994-2009 1991-2001 1991-2001 1991-2001 Langa 1,213 * Astigiana 2009 2009 2001 2001 2001 2001 2009 2009 Households 99 98 116 128 142 20.9 32.0 106 * Aosta 2.15 * Valley Valley 2004-2009 2004-2009 1994-2009 1991-2001 1991-2001 1991-2001 18,586 7,294 * 10,246 * 15,486 * 59,381 * region (I) (avg.) 2009 2009 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001

(A) 252 75 * 26.7 25.0 112 * 112 144 * 150 * 170 * 3.00 * 1971-2001 1971-2001 1971-2001 1971-2001 Pongau 17,848 * 12,087 * 17,249 * 12,683 * 67,443 * - Lungau Pinzgau - 1981-2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008

92 110 94 * 117 1.84 21.0 37.0 137 * 127 * 2000-2010 1993-2008 1993-2008 1993-2008 1993-2008 1993-2008 46,900 5,600 * Parten -

4,900 * 19,200 * 15,500 * District of Garmisch- kirchen (D) kirchen 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 98 89 117 134 133 129 23.0 2.03 32.7 2000-2010 1993-2008 1993-2008 1993-2008 1993-2008 1993-2008 89,900 27,800 79,800 24,700

231,300 Allgäu (D) - Model Region more, index first and year/last year in LTS Indicator Number of households (abs. number) 80 Child dependency ratio (population aged 0-14 / 15-64)*100 ra - dependency Old-age tio (population aged 65 and more/ 15-64)*100 Number of house holds, index first year/ last year in LTS size (abs. Average number) size, index first Average year/last year in LTS 1 member (abs. number) index first 1 member, year/last year in LTS 2 members, index first year/last year in LTS 3 members (abs. number) 3 members, index first year/last year in LTS 2 members (abs. number) 4 members (abs. number)

15 * * *

2000 2030 2030 2030 2000 2000 2000 2000 5 * 23 * 96 * 13 * 49 * 98 * (CH) 105 * 123 * 1,165 117 * 117 2009-2030 2009-2030 2009-2030 Seetal 1990-2000 1990-2000 83,468 61,880 178,996

2000 2030 2030 2030 2000 2000 2000 2000 4 27 51 97 92 13 113 76 * 86 * (CH) 1,313 5,994 9,645 1990-2000 1990-2000 2008-2030 2008-2030 2008-2030 18,239

Nidwalden 2002 2030 2030 2030 2002 2002 2002 2002 7 5 53 92 73 86 91 119 25 * 2,252 5,204 8,543 2008-2030 2008-2030 2008-2030 1991-2002 1991-2002 (SLO) Škofja 17,844 Loka Hills 2002 2030 2030 2030 2002 2002 2002 2002 8 5 61 21 91 76 76 99 81 783 2,189 7,549 4,569 2008-2030 2008-2030 2008-2030 1991-2002 1991-2002 (SLO) Upper Gorenjska 2001 2029 2029 2029 2008 2001 2001 2001 4 43 83 95 99 19 54 509 104 26 * 1,910 5,820 1,870 South 2009-2029 2009-2029 2009-2029 1986-2008 1986-2008 Model Tyrolean Tyrolean Region (I) 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001

(I) 32 92 47 18 60 (1) 148 1991-2001 1991-2001 Langa Astigiana 2008 2001 2008 2008 2028 2028 2028 Education 9 96 77 98 89 0 * 131 30 * 61 * Aosta Valley Valley 1991-2001 1991-2001 2009-2028 2009-2028 2009-2028 17,039 52,230 32,174 1,721 * region (I) Projections 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2032 2032 2032 2 3 58 37 82 70 (A) 153 36 * 112 * 112 1971-2001 1971-2001 2009-2032 2009-2032 2009-2032 25,165 63,978 50,191 7,576 * Pongau - Lungau Pinzgau -

2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2028 2028 2028

78 79 8 * 116 39 * 11 * 11 93 * 88 * 40 * 9,017 1993-2008 1993-2008 2008-2028 2008-2028 2008-2028 30,616 18,372 Parten -

1,700 * District of Garmisch- kirchen (D) kirchen 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2028 2028 2028

5 7 34 88 87 86 65 44 117 9,000 1993-2008 1993-2008 2008-2028 2008-2028 2008-2028 60,500 183,900 100,700 Allgäu (D)

- Model Region Education data does not sum up to 100, because the share of people without education is included. Indicator 4 members, index first year/last year in LTS 5+ members (abs. number) 5+ members, index first year/last year in LTS Education structure by attainment - Primary school (%) Secondary school (%) College and non-uni versity degree (%) University or higher degree (%) 0-14 index current/future 15-49 (abs. number) 15-49 index current/future 50-64 (abs. number) 50-64 index current/future Age group 0-14 (abs. number)

16 *

2009 2009 2009 2030 2008

0 * 0 * 8 * 27 96 * (CH) 100 * 178 * 2009-2030 2009-2030 Seetal 6,452 * 105,527 2009 2009 2030 2008

90 0 * 0 * 196 (CH) 100 * 2008-2030 2008-2030 12,590 9,708 * Nidwalden 2009 2002 2002 2030 2030 2009 5 12 27 67 87 100 123 8,695 7,963 23.2 * 2008-2030 2008-2030 (SLO) Škofja Loka Hills 2009 2002 2030 2030 2002 2009 5 10 40 57 71 116 100 3,431 4,799 23.2 * 2008-2030 2008-2030 (SLO) Upper Gorenjska 2029 2029 2008 2008 1998 1998

44 85 97 4 * 102 100 2,856 1,491 South 2009-2029 2009-2029 Model 21.60 * Tyrolean Tyrolean Region (I) 2001

(I) 65 102 377 Langa Astigiana

2011 2028 2001 2008 2028 2006 4 35 81 89 88 128 Aosta 26,3 * Valley Valley 2008-2028 2009-2028 25,365 33,659 10-70 * region (I) Connectivity and public services 2007 2009 2009 2032 2009 4 * (A) 174 19 * 43 * 86,5 7.47 * 85.7 * 2012-2032 2012-2032 2009-2032 49,815 63.88 *

17,334 Pongau - Lungau Pinzgau - 2008 2008 2028 2028 2008

63 10 80 5 * 122 75 * 100 * 24.36 2008-2028 2008-2028 15,500 24,753 Parten - District of Garmisch- kirchen (D) kirchen 2028 2028 2008 2008 2008 9

29 86 75 5 * 131 100 * 21.94 2008-2028 2008-2028 92,000 128,500 Allgäu (D) - Model Region Time distance (by car) Time from regional centre (in min.) Indicator Time distance (by car) Time from municipal centre (in min.) Regular social transfers per 1000 inhabitants Share of children included in statutory primary schools as % of age group 6-15 65 and more (abs. number) 65 and more index current/future Female 15-49 (abs. number) Female 15-49 index current/future Share of people above 65 in homes for elderly (%) Share of children included in kinder gartens as % of age group 1-5

17 2009 2008 0.6 36 * (CH) Seetal 2009 2008 1.2 36 * (CH) Nidwalden

2010 2009 68 * 1.77 * (SLO) Škofja Loka Hills

2010 2009 68 * 1.77 * (SLO) Upper Gorenjska 2008 1996

0.5 * 44 * South Model Tyrolean Tyrolean Region (I) Financial and insurance activities Real estate activities Professional, scientific and technical activities Administrative and support service activities Public administration and defence; compulsory social security Education Human health and social work activities Arts, entertainment and recreation Other services activities goods Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated and services producing activities of households for own use Activities of extraterritorial organisations and bodies

(I) K L M N O P Q R S T U Langa Astigiana 2008 2007 23 2.2 Aosta Valley Valley region (I) 2010 2010

(A) 64 1.8 * Pongau - Lungau Pinzgau - 2010 2008

9 2.1 Parten - District of Garmisch- kirchen (D) kirchen 2010 2008

1.9 96,5 Allgäu (D) Data reported as not available See comment in respective SRR data part Long time series - latest year plus 5, 10 and 15 years before (e.g. 1993, 1998, 2003 2008) Short time series - latest year plus directly preceding 4 years (e.g. 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008) Model Region Agriculture, forestry and fishing Mining and quarrying Manufacturing gas, steam and air conditioning supply Electricity, supply; sewerage; waste management and Water remediation activities Construction Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles and storage Transporting Accommodation and food service activities Information and communication Indicator Doctors per 1000 residents Share of households with internet (broadband) Reference year is missing if it was not submitted in original reports (i.e. Short regional report – data part) Legend: empty-cells * LTS STS Sectors: A B C D E F G H I J

18 Nidwalden, Switzerland (non EU-PP2 IIPS)

Project partner number: Non-EU-Partner 2 Acronym of the institution: IIPS Name of model region: Nidwalden

Data for CODE* Indicator Your comment on data* model area

Geography, socio econ.situation

111As2006 Area size, km2 [CT] 276.1 112De2009 Density of population [CT] 147.8 141To2010 Share of mountains (%) [CT] 30 NUTS 3 151Se2007 Average purchase prices of land, €/m2 [CT] 525 NUTS 3 161Ho2008 Number of dwellings (INDEX) [STS] 19,177 NUTS 3 163Ho2000 Average living area, m2 per person [CT] 44.0 Average price €/m2 for apartment 164aHoIND1999_2009 124 (INDEX) [STS] Average price €/m2 for house 164bHoIND1999_2009 120.6 NUTS 3 (INDEX) [STS] GVA/person or GDP/person in € 311Mo2009 45,708.3 (absolute number) GVA/person or GDP/person 311MoIND YR_YR Data not available. (INDEX last YR/first YR) [LTS] GVA or GDP/employed persons in € 313Mo2008 95,543 NUTS 3 (absolute number) GVA or GDP/employed persons in € 313MoIND YR_YR Data not available. (INDEX last YR/first YR) [LTS] 331Un2010 Unemployment rate (%) 1.8 Unemployed persons 331UnIND2001_2010 368.5 (INDEX last YR/first YR) [LTS] Share of employed_1st most important 342aSe2005 9.6 sector/subsector in % [CT] Share of employed_2nd most important 342bSe2005 9.4 sector/subsector in % [CT] Share of employed_3rd most important 342cSe2005 7.3 sector/subsector in % [CT]

Demography

211cPo2008 Population development (absolute number) 40,794 Natural increase / 1000 inhabitants 221Na1994 6.5 per year, 1st year [LTS]

WP4 Demographic change Author | Contact: in Nidwalden: Daniel Matti ([email protected]) short regional report - data part [email protected] | www.demochange.org

19 Natural increase / 1000 inhabitants 221Na1999 4.5 per year, 2st year [LTS] Natural increase / 1000 inhabitants 221Na2004 3.1 per year, 3st year [LTS] Natural increase / 1000 inhabitants 221Na2008 2.3 per year, last year [LTS] Net migration / 1000 inhabitants 222Nm1994 10.1 per year, 1st year [LTS] Net migration / 1000 inhabitants 222Nm1999 4 per year, 2st year [LTS] Net migration / 1000 inhabitants 222Nm2004 6.4 per year, 3st year [LTS] Net migration / 1000 inhabitants 222Nm2009 2.5 per year, last year [LTS] 232Fe2009 Total fertility rate [CT] 1.43 NUTS 3 241aAsIND1999_2008 Age structure_0-14 (INDEX) [LTS] 79 Different age categories. NUTS 3 241bAsIND1999_2009 Age structure_15-24 (INDEX) [LTS] 101.4 Different age categories. NUTS 3 241cAsIND1999_2009 Age structure_25-49 (INDEX) [LTS] 92.6 Different age categories. NUTS 3 241dAsIND1999_2009 Age structure_50-64 (INDEX) [LTS] 122.2 Different age categories. 241eAsIND2004_2008 Age structure_65-79 (INDEX) [LTS] 113 241fAsIND2004_2008 Age structure_80 and more (INDEX) [LTS] 114 Child dependency ratio 242As2009 26.4 NUTS 3 (population aged 0-14 / 15-64)*100 Aged dependency ratio 243As2009 22.69 (population aged 65 and more / 15-64)*100 251Hs2000 Number of households (absolute number) 15,153 251Hs1900_2000 Number of households (INDEX) [LTS] 123 NUTS 3 252Hs2009 Average household size (absolute number) 2.26 Average household size 252HsIND2005_2009 97 (INDEX last YR/first YR) [LTS] 253aHs2000 Households_1 member (absolute number) 5,195 Households_1 member 253aHsIND1990_2000 125 NUTS 3 (INDEX last YR/first YR) [LTS] 253bHs2000 Households_2 members (absolute number) 4,804 253bHsIND1990_2000 Households_2 members (INDEX) [LTS] 104 NUTS 3 253cHs2000 Households_3 members (absolute number) 1,945 Households_3 members 253cHsIND1990_2000 83 NUTS 3 (INDEX last YR/first YR) [LTS]

WP4 Demographic change Author | Contact: in Nidwalden: Daniel Matti ([email protected]) short regional report - data part [email protected] | www.demochange.org

20 253dHs2000 Households_4 members (absolute number) 2,199 Households_5+ members 253eHs2000 1,313 (absolute number) Households_5+ members 253eHsIND1900_2000 76 NUTS 3 (INDEX last YR/first YR) [LTS] Education structure by educational 261cEd2000 27.49 attainment_Primary school (%) [CT] Education structure by educational 261dEd2000 51.01 attainment_Secondary school (%) [CT] Education structure by educational 261eEd2000 attainment_College and non-university 13.05 degree (%) [CT] Education structure by educational attain- 261fEd2000 4.28 ment_University or higher degree (%) [CT]

Projections

Projected Age group_0-14 273aPa2030 5,994 (absolute number) Projected Age group_0-14 2008_2030 97.01 current/future (INDEX) Projected Age group_15_49 273bPa2030 18,239 (absolute number) Projected Age group_15-49 2008_2030 91.5 current/future (INDEX) Projected Age group_50_64 273cPa2030 9,645 (absolute number) Projected Age group_50_64 2008_2030 113.27 current/future (INDEX) Projected Age group_65 and more 273dPa2030 12,590 (absolute number) Projected Age group_65 and more 2008_2030 195.86 current/future (INDEX) Projected Female_15-49 2008_2030 90.07 current/future (INDEX)

Connectivity and public services

Time distance (by car) from municipal Model region centre is regional 611Co2010 0 centre (in min.) [CT] centre. Time distance (by car) from regional Model region centre is regional 612Co2010 0 centre (in min.) [CT] centre. Regular social transfers per 1000 631SoYR Data not available. inhabitants [CT]

WP4 Demographic change Author | Contact: in Nidwalden: Daniel Matti ([email protected]) short regional report - data part [email protected] | www.demochange.org

21 Share of people above 65 in homes 632So2008 8.17 for elderly (%) Share of children included in kindergartens 641EdYR Data not available. as % of age group 1-5 Share of children included in statutory 642Ed2009 100 Nearly 100%. primary schools as % of age group 6-15 Share of households with internet 652Te2009 35.6 Value for Switzerland. (broad-band) 634So2008 Doctors per 100 residents [CT] 1.15

WP4 Demographic change Author | Contact: in Nidwalden: Daniel Matti ([email protected]) short regional report - data part [email protected] | www.demochange.org