Packway Garage Larkhill, Wiltshire

Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

Planning Ref: 17/09624/FUL Ref: 201550.01 February 2018

wessexarchaeology Document Information Document title Packway Garage, Larkhill, Wiltshire Document subtitle Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Document reference 201550.1

Client name James Hay Pension Trustees Ltd Address C/O CBRE Toronto Square Toronto Street Leeds LS1 2HJ

On behalf of Michael Ranger

Site location The Old Service Station, The Packway, Durrington, Wiltshire, SP4 8PZ County Wiltshire National grid reference SU 14258 44075 Planning authority Wiltshire Council Planning reference 17/09624/FUL

WA project code 201550 Document compiled by Johanna Greaves Contributions from Will Foster and Johanna Greaves

Quality Assurance Issue and date Status Author Approved by 1 Draft JSG AHNB 2 Final JSG AHNB Packway Garage, Larkhill, Wiltshire Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

Contents Summary ...... iii Acknowledgements ...... iii 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Project background ...... 1 1.2 The Site ...... 1 1.3 Development proposals ...... 2 1.4 Scope, aims and objectives ...... 2 2 PLANNING BACKGROUND ...... 2 2.1 Introduction ...... 2 2.2 Designated heritage assets ...... 2 2.3 National Planning Policy Framework ...... 3 2.4 Local planning policy ...... 4 2.5 Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites, World Heritage Site Management Plan, 2015 4 3 METHODOLOGY ...... 4 3.1 Introduction ...... 4 3.2 Study Area ...... 4 3.3 Sources ...... 4 3.4 Site visit ...... 5 3.5 Assessment criteria – Significance ...... 5 3.6 Assumptions and limitations ...... 6 3.7 Copyright ...... 6 4 BASELINE RESOURCE ...... 6 4.1 Introduction ...... 6 4.2 Previous studies ...... 7 4.3 Designated heritage assets ...... 8 4.4 Archaeological and historical context ...... 10 4.5 Historic Landscape Character ...... 13 5 POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT EFFECTS- PHYSICAL EFFECTS ...... 14 5.1 Introduction ...... 14 5.2 Summary of known and potential historic environment resource ...... 14 5.3 Statement of potential impact ...... 15 6 CONCLUSIONS ...... 16 6.1 General ...... 16 6.2 Recommendations ...... 17 7. REFERENCES ...... 18 Historic Environment Records ...... 19 Cartographic and documentary sources ...... 19 Online resources ...... 19 APPENDICES ...... 20 Appendix 1: Terminology ...... 20 Appendix 2: Legislative and planning framework ...... 21 Appendix 3: Gazetteer ...... 24

Figures Figure 1: Site location, Study Area and heritage assets

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Figure 2: Wiltshire and Swindon HER Monuments Record Figure 3: Historic maps Figure 4: Historic maps

Plates Plate 1 North-east facing view from the main access road into the Site Plate 2 View to the south-east from within the Site, to the rear of the workshop. Plate 3 Static caravan Plate 4 World War II Air Raid Shelter Plate 5 View to the east, northern Site boundary and cell mast from within the Site. Plate 6 Larkhill Camp and The Packway, view from the south-east. Plate 7 View to the east, canopy and ground condition following the removal of subterranean fuel tanks. Plate 8 Cell tower and associated services in the north-eastern corner of the Site.

Tables Table 1 Generic schema for classifying the significance of heritage assets Table 2 Summary of known and potential historic environment resource within the Site

Front cover North facing view from the main access road into the Site.

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Summary Wessex Archaeology was commissioned by James Hay Pension Trustees Ltd to prepare an Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment of land at The Old Service Station, The Packway, Durrington, Wiltshire, centred on National Grid Reference SU 14258 44075. This study is intended to support a planning application for a proposed commercial development within the site.

The aims of this study were to assess the known and potential heritage resource within the site and the surrounding area, and to assess the likely impacts of the development proposals on this resource.

The effect of the development proposals on the historic environment resource will be a material consideration in the determination of the planning application. This study has identified no overriding heritage constraints which are likely to prohibit development.

This assessment has established that there is an archaeological interest within the site. This is defined as the potential for the presence of buried archaeological remains, in particular relating to the activity associated with the construction, use and development of the Larkhill Camp throughout the 20th century to the modern day.

Due to a lack of previous archaeological investigation, the presence, location and significance of any buried heritage assets within the site cannot currently be confirmed on the basis of the available information, as such it is likely that additional archaeological investigations may be required by the planning archaeologist for Wiltshire Council.

The Historic Landscape Character of the proposed development site is of limited significance and the development of the site would not fundamentally alter its character. Therefore, this would not constitute an appreciable loss to the wider historic environment resource.

The need for, scale, scope and nature of any further assessment and/or archaeological works should be agreed through consultation with the statutory authorities.

Acknowledgements This project was commissioned by James Hay Pension Trustees Ltd, and Wessex Archaeology is grateful to Paul Flippance in this regard. Wessex Archaeology would also like to thank Wiltshire Council for supplying the Historic Environment Record data and the staff at the Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre for their help and assistance.

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Packway Garage, Larkhill, Wiltshire

Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project background Wessex Archaeology was commissioned by James Hay Pension Trustees Ltd (the Client), to prepare an Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment of land at The Old Service Station, The Packway, Durrington, Wiltshire, (hereafter ‘the Site’, Fig. 1), centred on National Grid Reference (NGR) SU 14258 44075.

This study will support a planning application for a proposed commercial development within the Site, to be submitted to Wiltshire Council.

1.2 The Site The Site comprises a rectangular parcel of land of approximately 0.2 ha located at the south-eastern edge of the garrison town of Larkhill, Salisbury, some 0.9 km west of the village of Durrington.

The Site currently comprises a plot of land surfaced with tarmac and gravel. A disused petrol filling station consisting of a workshop and the accompanying forecourt and canopy is the central structure within the site (Plate 1). The petrol station ceased trade of petroleum in 1994 and the underground fuel tanks were decommissioned and subsequently removed. Currently the premises are utilised as a general workshop for servicing and repairing automobiles (Plate 2). Also located within the premises is a static caravan (Plate 3), used for an out of hours base for security, and an air raid shelter (Plate 4), located to the eastern boundary of the Site. The Site’s boundary is marked by a tree-lined wooden fence. Located in the north-eastern corner of the Site is a cell mast which will be retained post-development (Plate 5).

The site is bounded to South by The Packway which runs east to west towards Durrington, and divides the Site from open farmland and pasture. The Packway also marks the northern boundary of the Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites World Heritage Site (100097). A small copse of mature trees makes up the eastern boundary of the Site shielding a single storey residential property from view. To the north, a single line of mature trees marks the boundary and the Site backs onto a small area of park which belongs to the Soldiers and Families Quarters of the Larkhill Garrison. To the west, the Site is bordered by a pedestrian cut-through, which provided access between the Packway and the Soldiers Quarters behind the Site. This throughway is also lined with mature trees which extend west, as a boulevard, along The Packway. Larkhill Camp (Plate 6) is located west, north west of the Site lining The Packway to the north and south.

The Site is situated within a relatively flat area of land at an elevation of approximately 130 m above Ordnance Datum (aOD).

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The underlying bedrock geology throughout the Site is mapped as the Seaford Chalk Formation overlain by superficial deposits of head; clay, silt sand and gravel formed 3 million years ago during the Quaternary. (British Geological Survey, Geology of Britain Viewer).

1.3 Development proposals The development proposals are for the removal of the existing static caravan and air raid shelter, and the demolition of the existing canopy and workshop structure to the rear of the Site. The former will be replaced with a single structure that will house two retail units with associated external works and provision of car parking to the front and rear. The proposed structure will be constructed in the centre of the Site (JCP, Consulting Structural & Civil Engineers, 2001).

1.4 Scope, aims and objectives The purpose of the assessment is to determine, as far as is reasonably possible from existing information, the nature, extent and significance of the known and potential archaeological remains within the Site, and the potential impact of the proposed development on those remains.

The specific aims of the assessment are to:

 identify the known and potential archaeological remains that may be sensitive to the effects of the proposed development, based on a review of existing information within a defined area of study;

 assess the significance of those remains, considering their archaeological, historic, architectural and artistic interests;

 establish the potential effects of the proposed development on the significance of known and potential archaeological remains, or to identify any requirement for further investigation necessary to achieve this; and

 where appropriate, make recommendations for strategies to conserve the significance of archaeological heritage assets, to mitigate or avoid adverse effects, and to identify opportunities for enhancement

2 PLANNING BACKGROUND

2.1 Introduction There is national legislation and guidance relating to the protection of, and proposed development on or near, important archaeological sites or historical buildings within planning regulations as defined under the provisions of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990. In addition, local authorities are responsible for the protection of the historic environment within the planning system.

The following section summarises the main components of the national and local planning and legislative framework governing the treatment of the historic environment within the planning process. Further detail is presented in Appendix 2.

2.2 Designated heritage assets Designated heritage assets are defined in NPPF Annex 2 as:

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‘World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings, Protected Wreck Sites, Registered Park and Gardens, Registered Battlefields and Conservation Areas designated under the relevant legislation.’

Designation can be defined as:

‘The recognition of particular heritage value(s) of a significant place by giving it formal status under law or policy intended to sustain those values’ (English Heritage 2008, p.71).

Statutory protection is provided to certain classes of designated heritage asset under the following legislation:

 Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990;

 Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979; and

 Protection of Wrecks Act 1973

Further information regarding heritage designations is provided in Appendix 2.

2.3 National Planning Policy Framework National Planning Policy Framework Section 12: Conserving and enhancing the historic environment sets out the principal national guidance on the importance, management and safeguarding of heritage assets within the planning process.

The aim of NPPF Section 12 is to ensure that Local Planning Authorities, developers and owners of heritage assets adopt a consistent and holistic approach to their conservation and to reduce complexity in planning policy relating to proposals that affect them.

To summarise, government guidance provides a framework which:

 recognises that heritage assets are an irreplaceable resource;

 requires applicants to provide proportionate information on the significance of heritage assets affected by the proposals and an impact assessment of the proposed development on that significance;

 takes into account the desirability of sustaining and enhancing the significance of heritage assets and their setting;

 places weight on the conservation of designated heritage assets, in line with their significance; and

 requires developers to record and advance understanding of the significance of any heritage assets to be lost (wholly or in part) in a manner proportionate to their importance and impact, and to make this evidence (and any archive generated) publicly accessible.

A selection of excerpts from NPPF Section 12: Conserving and enhancing the historic environment is presented in Appendix 2.

On 6 March 2014 the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) launched the Planning Practice Guidance (PPG) web-based resource. The resource

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provides additional guidance intended to accompany the NPPF. It includes a section entitled Conserving and enhancing the historic environment (ID: 18a), which expands upon NPPF Section 12.

2.4 Local planning policy The Site is situated within the administrative boundaries of Wiltshire Council, which adopted the Wiltshire Core Strategy in January 2015.

The Core Strategy forms the basis of the development plan for the district and sets targets for the provision of new housing and employment for a period up to 2026, as well as setting out general policies in relation to provision of facilities, transport, and protection of natural and historic features.

2.5 Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites, World Heritage Site Management Plan, 2015 The Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites, World Heritage Site Management Plan, 2015 (Simmonds &Thomas 2015) provides an up-to-date, overarching strategic framework for the protection and management of the WHS and to ensure both the maintenance of their Outstanding Universal Vale and guide their continued sustainable use.

Local planning policies that relate to the historic environment and may be relevant to the proposed development are presented in Appendix 2.

3 METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction The methodology employed during this assessment was based upon relevant professional guidance, including the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists’ Standard and guidance for historic environment desk-based assessment (CIfA 2014, revised 2017).

3.2 Study Area A Study Area was established within a 1 km radius of the Site boundary. The recorded historic environment resource within the Study Area was considered in order to provide a context for the discussion and interpretation of the known and potential resource within the Site.

3.3 Sources A number of publicly accessible sources of primary and synthesised information were consulted. These comprised:

 The National Heritage List for England (NHLE), which is the only official and up to date database of all nationally designated heritage assets;

 The Wiltshire and Swindon Historic Environment Record (WSHER); comprising a database of recorded archaeological sites, find spots, and archaeological events within the county;

 Relevant national, regional and thematic Research Frameworks (Leivers & Powell, 2016);

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 National heritage datasets including the Archaeological Data Service (ADS), Heritage Gateway, OASIS, PastScape and the National Record of the Historic Environment (NRHE) Excavation Index;

 Historic manuscripts, surveyed maps, and Ordnance Survey maps held the Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre.

 Relevant primary and secondary sources held in Wessex Archaeology’s own library.

 Other relevant primary and secondary sources, including published and unpublished archaeological reports relating to excavations and observations in the vicinity of the Site.

Sources consulted during the preparation of this assessment are listed in Section 7.

3.4 Site visit The Site was visited on the 24th January 2018. Weather conditions were wet and windy. Visibility was moderate. A fieldwork record comprising digital photography is held in the project archive.

The aim of the Site visit was to assess the general aspect, character and condition of the Site and to identify any prior impacts not evident from secondary sources. The visit also sought to ascertain if the Site contained any previously unidentified features of archaeological interest and assess possible factors which may affect the survival or condition of known or potential archaeological remains. Finally, the visit served to establish existing site conditions/constraints, which may influence the scope of preliminary archaeological investigations and or mitigation, should any such works be required.

3.5 Assessment criteria – Significance The assessment of the significance of heritage assets was informed by:

 The National Planning Policy Framework and Planning Practice Guidance;

 Scheduled Monuments & nationally important but non-scheduled monuments (Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) October 2013);

 Principles of Selection for Listing Buildings (DCMS March 2010);

 Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment (English Heritage 2008a);

 Managing Significance in Decision-Taking in the Historic Environment: Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 2 (Historic England 2015);

 Relevant national, regional and thematic Research Frameworks (Leivers & Powell 2016);

 Relevant Designation Selection Guides published by English Heritage / Historic England.

The relative significance of heritage assets was determined in general accordance with the schema laid out in Table 1.

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Table 1 Generic schema for classifying the significance of heritage assets Significance Categories World Heritage Sites (including nominated sites) Very High Assets of recognised international importance Assets that contribute to international research objectives Scheduled Monuments Grade I and Grade II* Listed Buildings Grade II Listed Buildings that can be shown to have exceptional qualities in their fabric or historical associations High Grade I and Grade II* Registered Parks and Gardens Registered Battlefields Non-designated assets of national importance Assets that contribute to national research agendas Grade II Listed Buildings Grade II Registered Parks and Gardens Moderate Conservation Areas Assets that contribute to regional research objectives Locally listed buildings Low Assets compromised by poor preservation and/or poor contextual associations Assets with importance to local interest groups Sites, features, structures or landscapes with little or no archaeological, architectural Negligible or historical interest Unknown The importance of the asset has not been ascertained from available evidence

3.6 Assumptions and limitations Data used to compile this report consists of secondary information derived from a variety of sources, only some of which have been directly examined for the purposes of this Study. The assumption is made that this data, as well as that derived from other secondary sources, is reasonably accurate.

The records held by the WSHER are not a record of all surviving heritage assets, but a record of the discovery of a wide range of archaeological and historical components of the historic environment. The information held within it is not complete and does not preclude the subsequent discovery of further elements of the historic environment that are, at present, unknown.

3.7 Copyright This report may contain material that is non-Wessex Archaeology copyright (eg, Ordnance Survey, British Geological Survey, Crown Copyright), or the intellectual property of third parties, which Wessex Archaeology are able to provide for limited reproduction under the terms of our own copyright licences, but for which copyright itself is non-transferable by Wessex Archaeology. Users remain bound by the conditions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 with regard to multiple copying and electronic dissemination of the report.

4 BASELINE RESOURCE

4.1 Introduction The following section provides a summary of the archaeological and historical development of the Site and the Study Area compiled from the sources summarised above and detailed in the references section of this report (Section 7). The aim is to identify the known and

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potential components of the historic environment and archaeological remains that could be affected by the proposed development.

Owing to the density of recorded archaeology, not all sites are mentioned in the text, however a full list of recorded sites is listed in Appendix 3.

4.2 Previous studies Overview There is an extensive history of archaeological research within the Study Area and the Site’s wider context. These investigations include several antiquarian excavations. Many of the barrows and other monuments visible above ground in the Stonehenge environs were excavated during the 19th century.

Major research projects carried out in recent times include the Stonehenge Environs Project (EWI4735), which comprised a series of investigations carried out between 1980 and 1984 with the intention of exploring the evidence for settlement activity within the immediate vicinity of Stonehenge. The project entailed large scale fieldwalking surveys and a number of small scale excavations to the south of the Site (Richards 1990).

The Stonehenge Riverside Project (EWI7807) (EWI6319) (EWI6447) (EWI7317), conducted between 2003 and 2009, was another major research project studying the development of the prehistoric landscape surrounding Stonehenge. The project involved numerous phases of fieldwork investigations, parts of which were conducted within the Study Area.

An extensive suite of surveys also took place over several years during the preparation of proposals to develop the new Stonehenge Visitor Centre, including a desk-based assessment, a geophysical survey, fieldwalking and a trial trench evaluation (EWI14779) (EWI16559) (EWI6560) (EWI7788).

Site No record of any previous intrusive archaeological investigation within the Site has been identified during the preparation of this assessment.

Study Area There have been an extensive series of investigations at and around Durrington Walls (MWI11870), since 1966, when Wainwright undertook archaeological excavations there, ahead of the construction of Countess Road and discovered one of the largest known henge monuments which contained at least two timber circles within the interior (EWI2126). Durrington Walls is located approximately 700 m to the south-east of the Site.

Recent research at Durrington Walls has identified an avenue extending from the southern circle through the entrance to the south-east and across to the River Avon (Parker Pearson et al. 2007). Another possible associated route, as well as a ring ditch which is thought to be a small hengiform feature (Wessex Archaeology forthcoming), have been located during work associated within the residential expansion of Larkhill camp (Wessex Archaeology 2017).

Excavations and geophysical survey at Durrington Walls for The Stonehenge Riverside Project 2007 (EWI7317) has demonstrated that the Cuckoo Stone (MWI13138) was moved in antiquity from its original position but did identify the original stone socket as well as some Neolithic, Bronze Age and Romano-British activity. Excavations in 2004-2007 have also

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identified settlement that potentially pre-dates the henge and is thought to be concurrent with the main construction phase of Stonehenge (Parker Pearson et al. 2007).

Wessex Archaeology undertook an archaeological evaluation in 2015 (EWI7932) and subsequent excavation in 2017 (forthcoming), at Larkhill East and West SFA ahead of the Army Basing Plan which included the provision of new housing for service personnel. These extensive investigations provided evidence for activity in the Neolithic, a previously unrecorded Early Neolithic causewayed enclosure, which extends into the existing perimeter of Larkhill Camp, Bronze Age burials, Iron Age pits and a sub-rectangular prehistoric enclosure. Furthermore, an extensive system of 20th century military practice trenches were recorded. Evaluation (Wessex Archaeology 2015).

Where relevant, the results of these investigations are discussed in further detail in Section 4.5 and the full list of recorded events are presented in Appendix 3.

4.3 Designated heritage assets Site There are no designated heritage assets within the Site.

Study Area Designated Heritage Assets located within the Study Area are illustrated in Figure 1.

Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites World Heritage Site The Site is located approximately 10 m from the northern most boundary of the Stonehenge World Heritage Site.

The Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites WHS is divided into two broad geographical areas centred on the megalithic monuments of Stonehenge and Avebury. The Packway, which traverses the southern-most part of the Site, defines the northern boundary of the Stonehenge part of the World Heritage Site (WHS).

The WHS boundary at Stonehenge is drawn to the north along The Packway between Rollestone Camp and the A345 roundabout; to the east largely along the west bank of the River Avon and along the Countess Road; and to the south along the field boundaries past Rox Hill to the A360 road. The western boundary is formed by the A360 and B3086 roads.

The Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites WHS was inscribed onto the World Heritage List in 1986 on account of its Outstanding Universal Value (OUV), which is defined according to the UNESCO Operational Guidelines as ‘cultural and/or natural significance which is so exceptional as to transcend national boundaries and to be of common importance for present and future generations of all humanity’.

The OUV of the WHS is described by a Statement of Significance agreed by the World Heritage Committee at its meeting in July 2008 (decision 32 COM 8B.93). The Statement of Significance, as reproduced in the Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites; World Heritage Site Management Plan 2009 (English Heritage 2015), states the following:

The Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites World Heritage Site is internationally important for its complexes of outstanding prehistoric monuments.

The World Heritage property comprises two areas of chalkland in Southern Britain within which complexes of Neolithic and Bronze Age ceremonial and funerary monuments and

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Packway Garage, Larkhill, Wiltshire Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment associated sites were built. Each area contains a focal stone circle and henge and many other major monuments. At Stonehenge these include the Avenue, the Cursuses, Durrington Walls, Woodhenge and the densest concentration of burial mounds in Britain. At Avebury, they include Windmill Hill, the West Kennet Long Barrow, the Sanctuary, Silbury Hill, the West Kennet and Beckhampton Avenues, the West Kennet Palisaded Enclosures and important barrows.

The World Heritage property is of Outstanding Universal Value for the following qualities:

Stonehenge is one of the most impressive prehistoric megalithic monuments in the world on account of the sheer size of its megaliths, the sophistication of its concentric plan and architectural design, the shaping of the stones, uniquely using both Wiltshire Sarsen sandstone and Pembroke Bluestone, and the precision with which it was built.

At Avebury, the massive Henge, containing the largest prehistoric stone circle in the world, and Silbury Hill, the largest prehistoric mound in Europe, demonstrate the outstanding engineering skills which were used to create masterpieces of earthen and megalithic architecture.

There is an exceptional survival of prehistoric monuments and sites within the World Heritage site including settlements, burial grounds, and large constructions of earth and stone. Today, together with their settings, they form landscapes without parallel. These complexes would have been of major significance to those who created them, as is apparent by the huge investment of time and effort they represent. They provide an insight into the mortuary and ceremonial practices of the period, and are evidence of prehistoric technology, architecture, and astronomy. The careful siting of monuments in relation to the landscape helps us to further understand the Neolithic and Bronze Age.

The 2015 Management Plan also identifies a series of seven attributes, which are not in themselves of OUV, but together express the OUV of the Stonehenge WHS:

 Stonehenge itself as a globally famous and iconic monument.  The physical remains of the Neolithic and Bronze Age funerary and ceremonial monuments and associated sites.  The siting of Neolithic and Bronze Age funerary and ceremonial sites and monuments in relation to the landscape.  The design of Neolithic and Bronze Age funerary and ceremonial sites and monuments in relation to the skies and astronomy.  The siting of Neolithic and Bronze Age funerary and ceremonial sites and monuments in relation to each other.  The disposition, physical remains and settings of the key Neolithic and Bronze Age funerary, ceremonial and other monuments and sites of the period, which together form a landscape without parallel.  The influence of the remains of Neolithic and Bronze Age funerary and ceremonial monuments and their landscape settings on architects, artists, historians, archaeologists and others.

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Further designated heritage assets within the Study Area

Four Scheduled Monuments;  1009067, Nine round barrows forming a round barrow cemetery 400 m north of the eastern end of The Cursus

 1009130, Long barrow 450 m WSW of Woodhenge

 1009132, The Cursus, two round barrows situated within its western end, and a long barrow situated at its eastern end

 1009133, Henge monuments at Durrington Walls and Woodhenge, a round barrow cemetery, two additional round barrows and four settlements

One Grade II* Listed Building;  1391475, Buildings 455 And 456 (Five Aircraft Hangars), Durrington Camp

One Grade II Listed Buildings;  1428757, Church of St Alban the Martyr

There are no Conservation Areas, Registered Parks and Gardens or Registered Battlefields within the Study Area.

4.4 Archaeological and historical context The following section provides a brief of the archaeological and historical development of the Site and the Study Area, compiled from the sources listed above. The potential for the likelihood of as yet unrecorded archaeological remains within the Site is informed by the consideration of the known heritage assets within the Study Area, in conjunction with the geology and topography of the area.

A number of more or less comprehensive summaries of the archaeology of Stonehenge and its environs have been published. A detailed appraisal of the development of Stonehenge and its landscape can be found in the Stonehenge World Heritage Site: An Archaeological Research Framework (Darvill 2005) and will not be revisited here.

Owing to the density of recorded archaeology, not all sites are mentioned in the text; however, a full list of recorded sites is contained in Appendix 3.

Prehistoric (970,000 BC–AD 43) - Mesolithic (8500–4000 BC) The WSHER contains no records of Palaeolithic date within the Study Area and in general there is currently little evidence for activity within the wider landscape surrounding the Site prior to the Neolithic period (Darvill et.al. 2005). A very limited assemblage of Mesolithic worked flint (MWI11870) has been collected from across the wider landscape, which (taking sampling biases into account) suggests at least a background level of activity during this period. Neolithic (4000–2400 BC)

The earliest monuments of this period were long barrows and cursus monuments. The Cursus (1009132), a long thin enclosure bounded by a ditch and bank and aligned on a long barrow at its eastern terminal, was probably intended for processional uses; radiocarbon dating suggests it was constructed around 3,630-3,370 BC (Parker-Pearson et al.2007, 14).

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Both the massive henge of Durrington Walls (c. 2,500 BC) (SU14SE132 - MWI11907) and the smaller Woodhenge (built around 2,300 BC) contained large concentric timber structures and would have been major focal points within the landscape. The timber structures at Durrington Walls may be earlier than the encircling bank and ditch which form the henge enclosure.

Woodhenge forms a much smaller henge monument containing six concentric rings of post- holes. The monument was still in use c.1800 BC. The post rings found within Woodhenge mirror the structures revealed within the larger monument, implying a ceremonial relationship between the two. A further Neolithic post-hole circle has also been identified during recent research to the south of Woodhenge suggesting a series of monuments on an approximate north – south axis and potentially associated with the river.

To the southwest of the Durrington henge is long barrow. Some 500 long barrows and long cairns are recorded in England of which at least nine survive in the Stonehenge area, these monument date to the Early and Middle Neolithic periods (3400-2400 BC). These therefore represent an important group for understanding the context within which Stonehenge developed during the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age periods.

Elsewhere in the WHS another potential henge and timber circle lie to the west near the Greater Cursus (1009132) (Amesbury G50) (1012399) and a ring ditch located during work associated within the residential expansion of Larkhill camp may be a small hengiform feature (Wessex Archaeology forthcoming) Furthermore a previously unrecorded Early Neolithic causewayed enclosure, which extends into the existing perimeter of Larkhill Camp, Bronze Age burials, Iron Age pits and a sub-rectangular prehistoric enclosure were also discovered.

A combination of cropmark evidence from aerial photographs and archaeological fieldwork has identified extensive traces of multi-period activity associated with Durrington Walls. The recently discovered remains of ten late Neolithic houses situated inside and just outside the Durrington Walls henge may be the surviving remains of an extensive settlement (Parker- Pearson et al 2007), possibly occupied on a seasonal basis.

Assemblages of Neolithic flintwork have been recovered across the Study Area however any density of activity may reflect greater levels of archaeological survey around the upstanding monuments in this part of the Study Area.

Bronze Age (2400–700 BC) Ceremonial traditions underwent a significant change during the Early Bronze Age with new funerary monuments, such as round barrows, adopted for prominent burials. Round barrows are the commonest class of monument in the Study Area, and many survive as upstanding earthworks. The majority of barrows are sited on the crests of ridges overlooking river valleys and major dry valleys, with many grouped together in barrow cemeteries. A significant barrow groups exist at the Cursus (1009132), suggesting that the earlier ceremonial focal point retained some significance in the Bronze Age. Isolated burials recorded by Wessex Archaeology have also been recorded and evidence for settlement appears more widespread with incidents of large scale land divisions.

Iron Age (700 BC–AD 43) and Romano-British (AD 43–410) Although it is likely that some of the field systems and settlements identifiable from cropmark evidence were in use during these periods, securely dated evidence for activity that corresponds to this is extremely sparse across the Study Area.

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It appears that Durrington Walls (SU14SE132 - MWI11907) was the site of continued habitation during the Iron Age, while evidence for a Romano-British settlement has also been identified via a number of intrusive investigations to the south-west of the henge. The site of a ‘Romano British Village’ is recorded in this area on the early 20th century Ordnance Survey mapping, while a series of enclosures have been identified in the previous assessment of aerial photographs.

Additional evidence for activity within the Study Area during the Romano-British period is very limited. An undated inhumation burial (MWI12715) excavated in 1991 close to Durrington Walls was tentatively suggested to be of Romano-British date.

Saxon (AD 410–1066)- Medieval (AD 1066–1500) The evidence for activity during these periods in the Study Area is extremely sparse but for a small number of find spots relating to the medieval period only. The first mention of Durrington is in 1086, in the Domesday book. There were two estates with a population of about 20 to 25 people from five families. The Church of All Saints (1131017) has stood in Durrington since the 12th century.

By the 14th century the sheep and corn economy was well developed with the population increasing substantially to 139 poll tax payers in 1377 making Durrington one of the most populous villages in the hundred of Amesbury (Durrington Town Council, 2012). The settlement was a prosperous and popular farming community and while this assessment is not concerned with the village proper, the land within the Study Area was the property and livelihood of the residents of Durrington during this period. All the farmhouses were contained in the village itself as the surrounding land remained unenclosed.

Post-medieval (AD 1500–1800) Much of Salisbury Plain is thought to have continued to be used as pasture during the post- medieval period, the land within the Study Area continued to serve as farmland to the village of Durrington and remained undeveloped. It wasn’t until the turn of the 19th century that the open fields and common pastureland were enclosed.

19th century (AD 1800–1900 - modern (AD 1900–present day) In 1882, the Secretary of State was granted power to purchase land for military purposes under the Military Lands Act of that year. Subsequently, much of the land in and around Salisbury Plain was purchased for military purposes and thus created the earliest configuration of Larkhill.

The 1887 Ordnance Survey map depicts little evidence of development in and around the Study Area (Figure 3, Map B). Some of the land divisions recorded on the Parish of Durrington Tithe map of 1839, appear to have been removed (Figure 3, Map A). Many tumuli (Prehistoric earthworks) are recorded within the surroundings of the Site, the positions of which are largely corresponding with known monuments.

Between 1900 and 1915, Larkhill was the site of a series of temporary practice camps. The outbreak of World War I led to a rapid acceleration in the development of the camp. For example, in 1910, Buildings 455 And 456 (Five Aircraft Hangars) were constructed (DWI19687) for the War Office. From 1914 onwards, the temporary barracks began to be replaced with hutted accommodation.

From 1920, Larkhill Camp became the Headquarters of the School of Artillery and the camp underwent a series of modifications. This rapid development is illustrated in the 1924 Edition Ordnance Survey map (Figure 3, Map C). The map shows that the Site is yet to be built, 12 Doc ref 201550.1 Issue 2, February 2018

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however there is a series of buildings which are laid out along the Packway, adjacent to the location of the Site.

A period of construction took place during the 1930’s illustrated by the 1939 Edition Ordnance Survey map (Figure D) which included the construction of the Packway Mess (1428799) and the Garrison Church, St Alban the Martyr (DWI16349).

The 1939 Edition Ordnance Survey map is the first instance of the Site and workshop being illustrated. It appears to represent the same footprint as is occupied today, a single structure located in the centre of the Site. It is not possible to determine if the canopy has been constructed at this stage.

The 1958 Edition Ordnance Survey map (Figures 4, Maps E, F) records that the camp underwent extensive changes, with many of the former barrack blocks replaced by more substantial buildings, largely resulting from the outbreak of World War II. During this period, the Artillery School became a focus of intense activity as one of the Army’s main training facilities and coupled with the Air Field, Larkhill became a prime target during the war. This is likely to be the point at which the air raid shelter (Plate 4) was built in the Site in order to provide protection for the local residents and personnel, in an area with a heighted risk of attack due to its military importance.

The structure is constructed in brick and topped with a thin concrete lid. It has a baffled entrance with access/egress to the east and west, protecting an internal entrance to the main chamber of the shelter. This is a common feature of a shelter of this type and served as blast protection. This entrance may have had, during its use, additional protection in the form of sandbagging (Bayne, 1939).

This particular shelter was a Personnel Shelter, built by the Ministry or the RAF in order to protect Larkhill Airfield and Headquarters of the School of Artillery, which were prime targets for enemy aircraft bombers during World War II.

The map regression of this area, the location of the shelter is only illustrated on the 1958 Edition (revised 1970) National Grid Ordnance Survey map (Figure 4, Map E)) . This means the actual date of construction may only be surmised by architectural type and relevant history of the camp.

Much of Larkhill Camp was rebuilt during the 1960’s as illustrated by the Ordnance Survey map of this period (Figure 4, Map G). By the publication of the 1972 Edition Ordnance Survey map (Figure 4, Map H), the camp had changed considerably. In subsequent decades Larkhill Camp developed into a garrison town which continues to expand today.

4.5 Historic Landscape Character The Wiltshire and Swindon Historic Landscape Characterisation defines the Site as lying within the Larkhill Camp married quarters which is representative of the residential expansion of the Larkhill Camp in the mid-20th century.

Assessment of archaeological survival and previous impacts It is anticipated that, as the Site has been largely developed, the possibility for the survival of buried archaeological remains would be considered low. In particular, the installation of the subterranean fuel tanks and the underground services which supply the cell tower (Plates 7,8), would have had a serious effect on any surviving archaeological remains. Any further remains may be severely truncated by wall footings which support the structure of the petroleum station, canopy and the workshop. Moreover, the landscaping and ground

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disturbance required for the creation of the car park and yard would have truncated any residual archaeology.

5 POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT EFFECTS- PHYSICAL EFFECTS

5.1 Introduction This section provides an initial assessment of the potential effects of the proposed development in relation to elements of the historic environment resource that may be subject to physical impacts.

5.2 Summary of known and potential historic environment resource The following table (Table 2) presents a summary of the known and potential elements of the historic environment resource within the Site and its vicinity, which could be physically affected by the development proposals, based on the information presented in Section 4.

Entries in the table are assigned a ‘Potential’ rating, which represents a measure of probability. This has been determined via the application of professional judgement, informed by the evidence presented in the preceding sections of this assessment. ‘Potential’ is expressed on a four-point scale, assigned in accordance with the following criteria:

 High Situations where heritage assets are known or strongly suspected to be present within the Site or its vicinity and which are likely to be well preserved.

 Moderate Includes cases where there are grounds for believing that heritage assets may be present, but for which conclusive evidence is not currently available. This category is also applied in situations in which heritage assets are likely to be present, but also where their state of preservation may have been compromised.

 Low Circumstances where the available information indicates that heritage assets are unlikely to be present, or that their state of preservation is liable to be severely compromised.

 Unknown Cases where currently available information does not provide sufficient evidence on which to provide an informed assessment with regard to the potential for heritage assets to be present.

Due to the significant development of the Site, namely the construction of the Workshop and Canopy and the installation of the subterranean petrol fuel tanks and the underground services associated with the cell tower (Plate 7, 8), the potential for any surviving archaeological remains is markedly reduced. In the event that there are any surviving archaeological features, they are likely to be severely truncated by intrusive works and therefore their significance would be substantially diminished.

The relative ‘Significance’ of known and potential heritage assets included in Table 2 has been determined in accordance with the criteria set out in Section 3.5 and with the understanding that the potential for any surviving archaeological remains within the site may be considered low due to the level of disturbance caused by modern development.

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Table 2 Summary of known and potential historic environment resource within the Site Potential Period and description Significance There are no definitive indications that buried remains relating to the modern period are present within the Site. However, previous archaeological investigations in proximity to the site and historic Post- record has demonstrated activity associated with this period. In High medieval and particular, activity associated with the construction, use and Low 19th century development of the Larkhill Camp throughout the 20th century to modern day. An extant air raid shelter is located within the Site, which though not subject to statutory protection, this structure still lends to the narrative and local historic value of the Study Area. Little archaeologically significant evidence of medieval activity has been revealed during previous archaeological investigations carried out with the Study Area. Records would show that much of the land Medieval Low within the Study Area were used for pasture and were unenclosed. Accordingly, it is suggested that there is low potential for any significant remains from this period to be encountered. Although it is likely that some of the field systems and settlement evidence identifiable from cropmark evidence were in use during Saxon and these periods, securely dated evidence for activity that corresponds Romano- to this is extremely sparse across the Study Area. Therefore, there Moderate British is low potential for there to be any surviving archaeological remains. In addition to this, due to the current condition of the Site, the Low significance of any surviving archaeological remains will be compromised. Widespread investigation of the Study Area and the WHS has revealed substantial evidence for prehistoric activity and enabled a comprehensive understanding of the Salisbury prehistoric landscape and its significance during this period. Any surviving High to archaeological remains would have significance regarding the wider Prehistoric moderate prehistoric landscape and contribute to our understanding of the

Stonehenge Avebury and Associated Sites World Heritage Site and its environs. However, both the potential and significance of these remains may be reduced due to the state of preservation following intrusive groundworks.

5.3 Statement of potential impact Designated heritage assets No designated heritage assets would be physically affected by the implementation of the proposed development.

The construction of the proposed development is anticipated to entail the following sources of ground disturbance and excavations:

 Preliminary site investigation works;

 Setting up a secure construction compound within the Site;

 Plant movement;

 Topsoil stripping;

 Piling and/or excavation of new foundation trenches;

 Installation of services, drainage and other infrastructure;

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 Establishment of new car parking areas, estate roads and access points;

 Hard landscaping works (levelling, remodelling); and

 Soft landscaping and environmental enhancement works, including planting.

The aforementioned works have the potential to result in the damage to or loss of any buried archaeological features which may be present within their footprint. This could in turn result in a total or partial loss of significance of these heritage assets.

Any adverse impact to buried archaeological features would be permanent and irreversible in nature. This potential adverse effect could be reduced through the implementation of an appropriate scheme of archaeological mitigation.

The most destructive elements of the development proposals in terms of below ground archaeology (should any such remains be present within the Site) would be likely to be associated with the principal construction areas notably the main single structure.

Landscaping or levelling works will be required in order to establish new car parking facilities to the front and rear of the proposed development, these activities could result in truncation of any archaeological remains present within the working areas. However, it may be possible to preserve large areas within the footprint of the new car park in situ, depending on the construction methodology employed.

Historic Landscape Character The overall character of the surrounding historic landscape will not be significantly affected by the proposed development.

Non-designated built heritage As part of the redevelopment plan at the Site, the air raid shelter (Plate 4) is due to be demolished ahead of construction. There is very little known about the history of this structure, and it may have potential to contribute to a local and national historic and military narrative. It may be required that further investigations are carried out beyond the scope of this document prior to its demolition.

6 CONCLUSIONS

6.1 General The effect of the development proposals on the known and potential heritage resource will be a material consideration in determination of the planning application. This study has identified no overriding cultural heritage constraints which are likely to prohibit development.

Designated heritage assets – physical impacts No designated heritage assets will be physically affected by the implementation of the proposed development.

Archaeological remains This assessment has established that there is an archaeological interest within the Site. This is defined as the potential for the presence of buried archaeological remains, in particular relating to the activity associated with the construction, use and development of the Larkhill Camp throughout the 20th century to the modern day.

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Despite the surrounding landscape being rich in archaeological activity, within the Site itself is unlikely to retain any surviving archaeological remains. There has been too much modern intrusive works on the Site to retain a comprehensive record of any activity. However, due to a lack of previous archaeological investigation and the effect of intrusive modern development within the Site, the potential for and significance of any such remains could not be accurately assessed on the basis of the available evidence.

Any adverse impact to buried archaeological features as a result of the implementation of the development proposals would be permanent and irreversible in nature. This potential adverse effect could be reduced through the implementation of an appropriate scheme of archaeological mitigation, in accordance with national and local planning policy.

Non-designated built heritage The Personnel air raid shelter, located to the rear of the Site, does not have statutory protection however has an intrinsic value which contributes to the local historic value of the area and in particular the historic military narrative of Larkhill Camp. The current condition of the shelter is poor and at present functions as a storage/dump for the occupiers.

6.2 Recommendations Archaeological remains Due to previous intrusive works associated with the construction of the Garage and Workshop and the presence of modern electrical services which serve the cell mast, an archaeological trial trench evaluation would not be possible. Therefore, due to the condition and the low archaeological potential of the Site, despite is wider surroundings, it is recommended that an archaeological watching brief be carried out in conjunction with any intrusive ground works.

The need for, scale, scope and nature of any further archaeological works should be agreed through consultation with the statutory authorities.

Non-designated built heritage The Above-Ground, Personnel air raid shelter contributes to the local historic value of the area with its connection and proximity to the Larkhill Airfield and contributes to our understanding of architecture and functionality of World War II Air Raid Shelters. Due to the proposed development requiring the demolition of this structure- it may be required to carry out a Level 2 Building Survey as stated in Historic England’s ‘Understanding Historic Buildings. A guide to Good Recording Practice. 2016’.

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7. REFERENCES

Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk /ukpga/1979/46

Bayne, O. A, 1939. Structural Precautions against Air Attack, Theory and Practice. The Builder, Journal for Architect Constructor. 26 May 1939

Chartered Institute for Archaeologists, 2014 (revised 2017). Standards and guidance for historic environment desk-based assessment. Available at: http://www.archaeologists.net/codes/ifa

Department of Communities and Local Government (DCLG), 2012. National Planning Policy Framework. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-planning- policy-framework--2

English Heritage, 2008. Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment. Available at: https://www.historicengland.org.uk /images-books/publications/conservation-principles-sustainable-management-historic- environment/

Historic England, 2016. Understanding Historic Buildings. A Guide to Good Recording Practice.

Historic England, 2015a. Managing Significance in Decision-Taking in the Historic Environment: Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 2. Available at: https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/gpa2-managing-significance-in- decision-taking/

Parker Pearson, M, Pollard, J, Richards, C, Thomas, J, Tilley, C, Richards, C and Welham, K 2005. The Stonehenge Riverside Project: Interim Report 2005. Unpublished interim report

Parker Pearson, M, Pollard, J, Richards, C, Thomas, J, Tilley, C and Welham, K 2006. The Stonehenge Riverside Project: Summary Interim Report on the 2006 Season. Unpublished interim report

Parker Pearson, et al. 2007. The Age of Stonehenge. Available at: http://repository.nms.ac.uk/881/1/881_Age_of_Stonehenge.pdf

Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. Available at: http://www.legislation. gov.uk/ukpga/1990/9/contents

RCHME 1979 Stonehenge and its Environs. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 15-19, 22-24

Stonehenge Riverside Project Seeing Beneath Stonehenge viewer. Available at: https://microsites.bournemouth.ac.uk/seeing-beneath-stonehenge/

Richards, J 1990. The Stonehenge Environs Project, London Hist Build Monument Comm. Archaeological Rep. 16

Simmonds & Thomas, 2015. Stonehenge and Avebury WHS Management Plan 2015. Available at: http://www.stonehengeandaveburywhs.org/assets/2015-MANAGEMENT-PLAN_LOW- RES.pdf

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Wainwright G J 1971. The Excavation of Prehistoric and Romano-British Settlements near Durrington Walls, Wiltshire, 1970, Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine 66, 76-128

Wainwright, G J and Longworth, I H 1971. Durrington Walls: Excavations 1966-1968. Reports of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London 29

Wessex Archaeology, 2017. Larkhill SFA Haul Road, Larkhill, Wiltshire: Detailed Gradiometer Survey Report. Unpublished report ref. 115980.01

Wiltshire Council, 2015. Wiltshire Core Strategy

Historic Environment Records Wiltshire and Swindon Historic Environment Record (WSHER)

Cartographic and documentary sources 1839 Tithe map of the Parish of Durrington

1887 Edition Ordnance Survey 25-inch map (1:25000) Sheet LIV

1924 First Edition Ordnance Survey 25-inch map (1:25000) Sheet LIV.11

1939 Edition Ordnance Survey 25-inch (1:25000) Revision Sheet LIV.II

1958 Edition National Grid Plan (1:25000) (Revised 1970) Plan SU 1444-1544

1958 Edition Ordnance Survey (1:25000) (Revised 1970)

1961 Provisional Edition Ordnance Survey 6 inch (1:10,560) Sheet SU 14 SW

1972 Provisional Edition Ordnance Survey 6-inch (1:10,560) Sheet SU 14 SW

Online resources http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/ http://opendomesday.org/ http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk http://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/ http://www.magic.gov.uk http://www.old-maps.co.uk/index.html http://www.pastscape.org.uk/ http://www.british-history.ac.uk/ http://oasis.ac.uk/england/ http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html

All URLs accessed 31/01/18

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APPENDICES

Appendix 1: Terminology Glossary The terminology used in this assessment follows definitions contained within Annex 2 of NPPF:

Archaeological interest There will be archaeological interest in a heritage asset if it holds, or potentially may hold, evidence of past human activity worthy of expert investigation at some point. Heritage assets with archaeological interest are the primary source of evidence about the substance and evolution of places, and of the people and cultures that made them. Conservation The process of maintaining and managing change to a heritage asset in a way that sustains (for heritage policy) and, where appropriate, enhances its significance. Designated heritage World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings, Protected Wreck Sites, assets Registered Park and Gardens, Registered Battlefields and Conservation Areas designated under the relevant legislation. Heritage asset A building monument, site, place, area or landscape identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions, because of its heritage interest. Heritage assets include designated heritage assets and assets identified by the local planning authority (including local listing). Historic environment All aspects of the environment resulting from the interaction between people and places through time, including all surviving physical remains of past human activity, whether visible, buried or submerged, and landscaped and planted or managed flora. Historic environment Information services that seek to provide access to comprehensive and dynamic resources record relating to the historic environment of a defined geographic area for public benefit and use. Significance The value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. (for heritage policy) That interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic. Significance derives not only from a heritage asset’s physical presence, but also from its setting. Value An aspect of worth or importance

Chronology Where referred to in the text, the main archaeological periods are broadly defined by the following date ranges:

Prehistoric Historic Palaeolithic 970,000–9500 BC Romano-British AD 43–410 Early Post-glacial 9500–8500 BC Saxon AD 410–1066 Mesolithic 8500–4000 BC Medieval AD 1066–1500 Neolithic 4000–2400 BC Post-medieval AD 1500–1800 Bronze Age 2400–700 BC 19th century AD 1800–1899 Iron Age 700 BC–AD 43 Modern 1900–present day

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Appendix 2: Legislative and planning framework Designated Heritage Assets

Designation Associated Legislation Overview World Heritage - The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) World Heritage Committee inscribes World Heritage Sites Sites for their Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) – cultural and/or natural significance which is so exceptional as to transcend national boundaries and to be of common importance for present and future generations of all humanity. England protects its World Heritage Sites and their settings, including any buffer zones or equivalent, through the statutory designation process and through the planning system. The National Planning Policy Framework sets out detailed policies for the conservation and enhancement of the historic environment, including World Heritage Sites, through both plan-making and decision-taking. Scheduled Ancient Monuments and Under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979, the Secretary of State (DCMS) can schedule any site which Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act appears to be of national importance because of its historic, architectural, traditional, artistic or archaeological interest. The historic Areas of 1979 town centres of Canterbury, Chester, Exeter, Hereford and York have been designated as Archaeological Areas of Importance under Archaeological Part II of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. Additional controls are placed upon works affecting Scheduled Importance Monuments and Areas of Archaeological Importance under the Act. The consent of the Secretary of State (DCMS), as advised by Historic England, is required for certain works affecting Scheduled Monuments. Listed Buildings Planning (Listed In England, under Section 1 of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990, the Secretary of State is required to Buildings and compile lists of buildings of special architectural or historic interest, on advice from English Heritage/Historic England. Works affecting Conservation Areas) Act Listed Buildings are subject to additional planning controls administered by Local Planning Authorities. Historic England is a statutory 1990 consultee in certain works affecting Listed Buildings. Under certain circumstances, Listed Building Consent is required for works affecting Listed Buildings. Conservation Planning (Listed A Conservation Area is an area which has been designated because of its special architectural or historic interest, the character or Areas Buildings and appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance. In most cases, Conservation Areas are designated by Local Planning Conservation Areas) Act Authorities. Section 72 (1) of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 requires authorities to have regard to 1990 the fact that there is a Conservation Area when exercising any of their functions under the Planning Acts and to pay special attention to the desirability of preserving or enhancing the character or appearance of Conservation Areas. Although a locally administered designation, Conservation Areas may nevertheless be of national importance and significant developments within a Conservation Area are referred to Historic England. Registered Parks National Heritage Act The Register of Parks and Gardens was established under the National Heritage Act 1983. The Battlefields Register was established and Gardens and 1983 in 1995. Both Registers are administered by Historic England. These designations are non-statutory but are, nevertheless, material Registered considerations in the planning process. Historic England and The Garden’s Trust (formerly known as The Garden History Society) Battlefields are statutory consultees in works affecting Registered Parks and Gardens Protected Wreck Protection of Wrecks Act The Protection of Wrecks Act 1973 allows the Secretary of State to designate a restricted area around a wreck to prevent Sites 1973 uncontrolled interference. These statutorily protected areas are likely to contain the remains of a vessel, or its contents, which are of historical, artistic or archaeological importance.

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National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF)

NPPF Section 12: Conserving and enhancing the historic environment Para. 128 In determining applications, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the assets’ importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance. As a minimum the relevant historic environment record should have been consulted and the heritage assets assessed using appropriate expertise where necessary. Where a site on which development is proposed includes or has the potential to include heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment and, where necessary, a field evaluation. Para.129 Local planning authorities should identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset that may be affected by a proposal (including by development affecting the setting of a heritage asset) taking account of the available evidence and any necessary expertise. They should take this assessment into account when considering the impact of a proposal on a heritage asset, to avoid or minimise conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the proposal. Para. 132 When considering the impact of a proposed development on the significance of a designated heritage asset, great weight should be given to the asset’s conservation. The more important the asset, the greater the weight should be. Significance can be harmed or lost through alteration or destruction of the heritage asset or development within its setting. As heritage assets are irreplaceable, any harm or loss should require clear and convincing justification. Substantial harm to or loss of a grade II listed building, park or garden should be exceptional. Substantial harm to or loss of designated heritage assets of the highest significance, notably scheduled monuments, protected wreck sites, battlefields, grade I and II* listed buildings, grade I and II* registered parks and gardens, and World Heritage Sites, should be wholly exceptional. Para. 135 The effect of an application on the significance of a non-designated heritage asset should be taken into account in determining the application. In weighing applications that affect directly or indirectly non designated heritage assets, a balanced judgement will be required having regard to the scale of any harm or loss and the significance of the heritage asset. Para. 137 Local planning authorities should look for opportunities for new development within Conservation Areas and World Heritage Sites and within the setting of heritage assets to enhance or better reveal their significance. Proposals that preserve those elements of the setting that make a positive contribution to or better reveal the significance of the asset should be treated favourably Para. 139 Non-designated heritage assets of archaeological interest that are demonstrably of equivalent significance to scheduled monuments, should be considered subject to the policies for designated heritage assets. Para. 141 Local planning authorities should make information about the significance of the historic environment gathered as part of plan-making or development management publicly accessible. They should also require developers to record and advance understanding of the significance of any heritage assets to be lost (wholly or in part) in a manner proportionate to their importance and the impact, and to make this evidence (and any archive generated) publicly accessible. However, the ability to record evidence of our past should not be a factor in deciding whether such loss should be permitted.

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Local Planning Policy

Planning Document Name (Adoption Date Month/Year ) Policy ref. Title Scope Core Policy Ensuring the Development should protect, conserve and where possible enhance the historic environment. 58 Conservation of the Historic Environment Designated heritage assets and their settings will be conserved, and where appropriate enhanced, in a manner appropriate to their significance including:

i. nationally significant archaeological remains ii. World Heritage Sites within and adjacent to Wiltshire iii. buildings and structures of special architectural or historic interest iv. the special character or appearance of conservation areas v. historic parks and gardens vi. important landscapes, including registered battlefields and townscapes.

Core Policy The Stonehenge, The Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the World Heritage Site will be sustained by: 59 Avebury and Associated Sites i. Giving precedence to the protection of the World Heritage Site and its setting World Heritage Site ii. Development not adversely affecting the World Heritage Site and its attributes of OUV. This includes the physical fabric, and its Setting character, appearance, setting or views into or out of the World Heritage Site iii. Seeking opportunities to support and maintain the positive management of the World Heritage Site through development that delivers improved conservation, presentation and interpretation and reduces the negative impacts of roads, traffic and visitor pressure iv Requiring developments to demonstrate that full account has been taken of their impact upon the World Heritage Site and its setting. Proposals will need to demonstrate that the development will have no individual, cumulative or consequential adverse effect upon the site and its OUV. Consideration of opportunities for enhancing the World Heritage Site and sustaining its OUV should also be demonstrated. This will include proposals for climate change mitigation and renewable energy schemes.

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Appendix 3: Gazetteer Wiltshire and Swindon HER- Designated heritage assets NHLE No. Name Designation Easting Northing 1009067 Nine round barrows forming a round barrow cemetery 400m north of the eastern end of The Cursus Scheduled 413566 143671 Monument 1009130 Long barrow 450m WSW of Woodhenge Scheduled 414652 143241 Monument 1009132 The Cursus, two round barrows situated within its western end, and a long barrow situated at its Scheduled 412297 143042 eastern end Monument 1009133 Henge monuments at Durrington Walls and Woodhenge, a round barrow cemetery, two additional Scheduled 415011 143595 round barrows and four settlements Monument 1000097 Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites World Heritage 411554 155473 Site 1391475 Buildings 455 And 456 (Five Aircraft Hangars), Durrington Camp Grade II* Listed 414304 143619 Building 1428757 Church of St Alban the Martyr Grade II Listed 413609 144232 Building

Wiltshire and Swindon HER- Event Records HER Ref. Description Easting Northing EWI1015 Magnetometer Survey at Durrington Walls 414955 143514 EWI1028 Air Photographic Transcription and Analysis of Military Features on the A303 Northern Route 411775 143432 EWI158 Historic Landscape Regression on the A303 Amesbury - Berwick Down 410485 141950 EWI171 Durrington Walls 415010 143720 EWI2124 Durrington Walls 415010 143750 EWI2125 Durrington Walls 415010 143750 EWI2126 Durrington Walls 415010 143750 EWI2127 Durrington Walls 415010 143750 EWI2139 North-east Of Durrington Walls-Packway Enclosure 415150 144090 EWI2320 North Of East End Of Cursus 413550 143700 EWI2321 North Of East End Of Cursus 413560 143700

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Document title Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment

HER Ref. Description Easting Northing EWI2322 North Of East End Of Cursus 413580 143690 EWI2323 North Of East End Of Cursus 413620 143690 EWI2324 North Of East End Of Cursus 413620 143690 EWI2325 North Of East End Of Cursus 413520 143680 EWI2326 North Of East End Of Cursus 413550 143670 EWI2327 North Of East End Of Cursus 413540 143620 EWI2328 North Of East End Of Cursus 413570 143610 EWI248 Stonehenge and its Environs 415000 143700 EWI266 Geophysical Survey along the Proposed A303 Road Improvement Scheme 410646 142557 EWI283 Durrington Walls 414970 143750 EWI314 Excavation on the Avon Valley Gas Pipeline 414929 147095 EWI4256 Desk Based Assessment at Countess Road to Kingbarrow Ridge 414141 142654 EWI4263 Evaluation at Artillery Museum Site 413208 144315 EWI4264 Geophysical Survey at Artillery Museum Site, Larkhill 413213 144305 EWI4735 Fieldwalking and Management Survey, Stonehenge Environs 413530 143580 EWI4779 Geophysical Surveys on the Proposed Visitor Transportation Route 413308 143122 EWI4786 Desk-Based Study of the Stonehenge Military Installations 414300 143500 EWI4795 Desktop Assessment of Countess Farm 414409 142679 EWI5773 Durrington Walls 414970 143750 EWI5804 Evaluation on The Salisbury Plain Camps, Bulford and Larkhill Camps 418384 143786 EWI6077 Magnetometer Surveys on Durrington Walls Henge 414969 143740 EWI6183 Watching Brief, Water Mains Replacement Scheme between Figheldean and Durrington 415211 144575 EWI6318 Excavations for The Stonehenge Riverside Project 2005 414728 143809 EWI6319 Geophysical Survey for The Stonehenge Riverside Project 2005 414922 143683 EWI6391 Watching Brief at LBTA Building, Larkhill Garrison 413751 144440 EWI6447 Excavations at Durrington Walls for The Stonehenge Riverside Project 2006 415101 143669 EWI6506 Watching Brief for Earl's Farm Down to Durrington Walls Pipeline 416901 142567 EWI6559 Geophysical survey at Stonehenge Visitor Centre 413664 142743 EWI6560 Geophysical Survey for Stonehenge Visitors Centre, Northern Route 412914 143066 EWI6608 Evaluation at 50 Fargo Road, Larkhill 413617 143361

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Document title Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment

HER Ref. Description Easting Northing EWI6812 Archaeological Survey at Stonehenge World Heritage Site, King Barrow Ridge, Amesbury, Wiltshire 413567 142596 EWI6813 Archaeological Survey for the Stonehenge World Heritage Site Landscape Project 413695 143429 EWI6814 Archaeological Survey at Larkhill Barrows 413425 143598 EWI6911 Geophysical Survey at and around Durrington Walls for The Stonehenge Riverside Project 2006 413893 143409 EWI6921 Magnetometer Surveys on Durrington Walls Henge 415201 143691 EWI7317 Excavations and Geophysical Survey at Durrington Walls for The Stonehenge Riverside Project 2007 414657 143347 EWI7343 Watching Brief on the Excavation of Post Holes at Countess Farm 414878 143395 EWI7587 Air Photographic Transcription for the Proposed A303 Wilsford Down to Amesbury 410485 141950 EWI7655 Watching Brief for the Army Basing Programme (ABP) at Bulford, Larkhill, Perham Down and Tidworth 418534 146009 EWI7657 Desk Based Assessment for Project Allenby/Connaught at Larkhill 412894 144721 EWI7771 The Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes Project 412353 142547 EWI7788 Geophysical Survey for the Stonehenge Visitor Centre, Northern Route 412914 143066 EWI7802 Geophysical Survey on the Larkhill East Site 414601 144713 EWI7803 Geophysical Survey at the Larkhill West Site 414246 144587 Landscape Study, Auger Survey Analysis, Geophysical Survey and Excavation at Durrington Walls for The Stonehenge Riverside EWI7807 Project 2004 414995 143743 EWI7884 Watching Brief at Compton, Netheravon and Durrington 415005 147010 EWI7932 Evaluation at Larkhill East and West SFA 414396 144464 EWI8008 Geophysical Survey for Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes: Field Season 3 (2012-13) 412552 142335 EWI8009 Geophysical Survey for Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes: Field Season 4 (2013-14) 412892 142511 EWI8011 Heritage Impact Assessment for Army Basing Programme (ABP) Larkhill Camp 412927 144764 EWI8114 Watching Brief on land between Strangways and A345 at Countess Farm 414653 143016 EWI8133 Archaeological Monument Condition Survey at DTE Salisbury Plain 407658 148935 EWI8172 Geophysical Survey at Durrington Walls 415041 143722 EWI837 Watching Brief on Gate-Posts at Durrington Walls 415108 144056 EWI837 Watching Brief on Gate-Posts at Durrington Walls 415078 143703 Archaeological Assessment for Electricity Underground Cable Link between Strangways MOD Electricity Substation and Larkhill EWI8374 Military Camp 413574 143989 Archaeological Assessment for Electricity Underground Cable Link between Strangways MOD Electricity Substation and Larkhill EWI8374 Military Camp 413574 143989 EWI8444 Watching Brief on Electricity Underground Cable Link between Strangways MOD Electricity Substation and Larkhill Military Camp 413578 143990 26 Doc ref 201550.1 Issue 2, February 2018

Document title Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment

HER Ref. Description Easting Northing EWI8899 Watching Brief at Project Allenby Connaught and Army Basing Programme 413312 144313 EWI8899 Watching Brief at Project Allenby Connaught and Army Basing Programme 413872 143740 EWI8927 Geophysical Survey at Larkhill 415097 144586

Wiltshire and Swindon HER-Monument Records HER No. Name Period Easting Northing MWI11870 Durrington Walls Mesolithic 415000 143700 MWI11875 Durrington Walls Neolithic 415047 143726 MWI11890 East of Packway Enclosure Neolithic 415150 144093 MWI11907 Durrington Walls Neolithic 415029 143796 MWI11926 East of Packway Enclosure Bronze Age 415190 144106 MWI11927 Durrington Walls Bronze Age 415164 143794 MWI11943 Netheravon Road Bronze Age 415236 144255 MWI11956 Durrington Walls Iron Age 415165 143790 MWI11964 Packway Enclosure Iron Age 415131 144127 MWI11980 Durrington Walls Romano-British 415010 143750 MWI11994 Opposite Stonehenge Inn Romano-British 415200 143950 MWI11998 North of Packway Enclosure Romano-British 415140 144160 MWI12041 Durrington Walls Medieval 414999 143699 MWI12047 North of The Packway Enclosure Medieval 415140 144163 MWI12069 North of The Packway Enclosure Post-medieval 415140 144165 MWI12083 Durrington Walls Post-medieval 415001 143700 MWI12307 Enclosures, South of Durrington Walls Prehistoric 415050 143465 MWI12313 Lynchet, Durrington Walls Unknown 415090 143539 MWI12322 North of Durrington Walls Unknown 415001 144040 MWI12344 Undated Field System, North of Durrington Walls Unknown 415174 144403 MWI12438 Between The Cursus & Larkhill Neolithic 413802 143350 MWI12443 South-west of Durrington Walls Neolithic 414750 143610 MWI12449 North of Durrington Walls Neolithic 414880 143990 MWI12452 Proposed Artillary Museum Larkhill Neolithic 413297 144296 27 Doc ref 201550.1 Issue 2, February 2018

Document title Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment

HER No. Name Period Easting Northing MWI12463 Neolithic Long Barrow, South of Fargo Road Neolithic 414639 143233 MWI12528 South-west of Durrington Walls Bronze Age 414620 143420 MWI12540 Larkhill Prehistoric 414480 143900 MWI12552 South-west of Durrington Walls Iron Age 414750 143640 MWI12560 Settlement, South-west of Durrington Walls Romano-British 414733 143589 MWI12571 South of Durrington Walls Unknown 414680 143420 MWI12576 South-west of Durrington Walls Nr Cuckoo Stn Romano-British 414700 143380 MWI12589 Larkhill Camp Modern 414370 143802 413971 143891 MWI12596 North-west Durrington Walls Post-medieval 414290 144110 MWI12603 Military Railway, South & South-west of Durrington Walls Modern 414050 143164 MWI12605 Practice Trenches, Alanbrooke Barracks Modern 414249 144643 MWI12611 West Bank of Durrington Walls Unknown 414810 143650 MWI12612 West of Durrington Walls Unknown 414760 143659 MWI12619 Above Durrington Walls Unknown 414800 143901 MWI12632 Vehicle tracks, Larkhill. Modern 413617 143368 MWI12712 North of Reservoir Durrington Walls Unknown 414870 144070 MWI12713 Enclosure, South of Durrington Walls Prehistoric 414900 143383 MWI12715 North of Durrington Walls Unknown 414870 144030 MWI12727 North of Durrington Walls Unknown 414900 143990 MWI12732 Enclosure, South of Durrington Walls Prehistoric 414960 143407 MWI12775 North of Durrington Field Unknown 414501 144983 MWI12776 Barrow, North of Durrington Field Bronze Age 414642 144988 MWI12780 Field System, Alanbrooke Barracks Prehistoric 413890 144043 413368 144460 413937 143951 MWI12819 Pits, South of Durrington Walls Prehistoric 415107 143315 MWI12822 Trackway, South west of Durrington Walls Unknown 414853 143518 MWI12859 North-east of Luxenborough Plantation Unknown 413046 141705 MWI12860 Bowl Barrow, North of East end of Cursus Bronze Age 413551 143703

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Document title Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment

HER No. Name Period Easting Northing MWI12861 Bowl Barrow, North of East end of Cursus Bronze Age 413567 143699 MWI12862 Bowl Barrow, North of East end of Cursus Bronze Age 413581 143694 MWI12863 Barrow, North of East end of Cursus Bronze Age 413626 143694 MWI12864 Bowl Barrow, North of East end of Cursus Bronze Age 413521 143683 MWI12865 North of East end of Cursus Unknown 413500 143701 MWI12866 Bowl Barrow, North of East end of Cursus Bronze Age 413549 143668 MWI12867 Bowl Barrow, North of East end of Cursus Bronze Age 413541 143623 MWI12868 Bowl Barrow, North of East end of Cursus Bronze Age 413563 143622 MWI12869 Pond Barrow, North of East end of Cursus Bronze Age 413523 143648 MWI12944 Enclosure, Durrington Walls Iron Age 414888 143816 MWI13134 Barrow, Durrington Walls Bronze Age 414941 143733 MWI13138 Cuckoo Stone, South of Durrington Walls Unknown 414661 143345 MWI13144 Area of Old King Barrows Unknown 413895 143062 MWI31939 Anti Tank Pimples, Larkhill Camp Bronze Age 413800 143400 MWI64159 Aircraft Crash Site, Larkhill Modern 413924 143897 MWI64160 Commemorative Monument, Larkhill Airfield Modern 414307 143660 MWI64161 Commemorative Monument, Larkhill 19th century 413698 144214 MWI70589 Site of Outfarm 19th century 413924 143330 MWI70611 Site of Outfarm Southwest of Durrington Walls 19th century 414736 143450 MWI73242 Firing Ranges, Larkhill Artillery Range Modern 414053 144879 413889 144568 MWI73246 Field Boundary, North of Strangways Post-medieval 413798 143684 MWI73247 Practice Tranches, Larkhill Modern 414070 143573 MWI73255 Slit Trenches, Larkhill Modern 412379 144693 MWI73280 Firing Range, Larkhill Artillery Range Modern 413949 145262 414019 145273 MWI73455 Gunpost, Larkhill Artillery Range Modern 414116 144869 MWI73456 Enclosure, Larkhill Artillery Range Modern 414317 144863 MWI73457 Bunkers, Larkhill Artillery Range Modern 414472 144403 MWI73459 Field System, Durrington Field Prehistoric 414638 144783

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Document title Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment

HER No. Name Period Easting Northing MWI73466 Enclosure, North of Fargo Road Prehistoric 414713 143555 MWI73467 Enclosure, North of Fargo Road Prehistoric 414712 143504 MWI73468 Enclosure, South of Fargo Road Prehistoric 414611 143294 MWI73469 Firing Range, South of Fargo Road Modern 414673 143302 414689 143341 MWI73474 Pits, South of Fargo Road Prehistoric 414884 143379 MWI74324 Barrow, North of Durrington Field Bronze Age 414574 144913 MWI74325 Long Barrow, North of Durrington Field Neolithic 414590 144917 MWI74326 Field Boundary, North of Durrington Field Unknown 414572 144784 MWI74327 Quarry Pits, North of Durrington Field Unknown 414564 144681 MWI74343 Enclosure, Larkhill Artillery Range Unknown 414308 144478 MWI74344 Ditch, Larkhill Artillery Range Unknown 414373 144658 MWI74895 Ditches, Durrington Walls Unknown 415132 143639 MWI75015 Prehistoric Lynchet, Larkhill Prehistoric 413908 143623 MWI75016 World War One Practice Trenches, Larkhill Modern 413521 144287 MWI75017 Military Buildings, Larkhill Modern 413451 144222 MWI75714 Undated Penennular Enclosure, North of Durrington Walls Unknown 415000 144015 MWI75950 Bronze Age Barrow, Larkhill Bronze Age 414710 144452 MWI75951 Bronze Age Field System, Larkhill Bronze Age 414306 144264 MWI75952 Romano-British Field System, Larkhill Romano-British 414250 144344

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414000 415000

145000 0 500 m

Site Study Area World Heritage Site Scheduled Monument *# Grade II* Listed Building *# Grade II Listed Building

1428757

144000

1009067

1391475

1009133

Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2018. This material is for client report only © Wessex Archaeology. No unauthorised reproduction.

Date: 29/01/2018

Revision Number: 0

1009130 Scale: 1:8,000 at A3

1009132 Illustrator: JG Path: X:\PROJECTS\201550\GIS\ FigsMXD\201550_DBA_Figs01.mxd Site location, Study Area and designated heritage assets Figure 1 414000 MWI73280 415000

MWI73246 MWI73280

145000 MWI12775 MWI12865 MWI12776 (! MWI12860 MWI12861 MWI12862 MWI12863 MWI73242 MWI74325 MWI12864 MWI73455 MWI12605 MWI12866 MWI73456

MWI73459 MWI74326

MWI74327 MWI12869 Site

MWI12867 MWI74344 MWI12868 MWI75951 Study Area MWI73242 Prehistoric Mesolithic

MWI75952 MWI74343 MWI75950 Neolithic Bronze Age MWI12344 MWI73457 Iron Age

MWI75017 MWI12452 Romano-British MWI75016 MWI11943 Medieval MWI64161 Post-medieval MWI12069 MWI12047 MWI11998 19th century MWI11964 MWI12596 MWI11926 MWI12859 MWI12712 MWI11890 Modern MWI12780 MWI12322 Unknown MWI12715 MWI12780 MWI75714 144000 MWI12449 MWI12603 MWI12727 MWI11994

MWI12589 MWI12540 MWI12619 MWI64159

MWI12944

MWI11907 MWI11927

MWI11956 MWI13134 MWI11980 MWI73247 MWI12041 MWI11870 MWI11875 MWI64160 MWI12612 MWI12083 MWI12611 MWI12552 MWI74895 MWI75015 MWI12589 MWI12443

MWI12560 MWI12313 MWI73466 MWI12822 Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2018. MWI73467 This material is for client report only © Wessex Archaeology. No unauthorised MWI73255 reproduction. MWI70611 MWI12307 MWI12528 MWI73474 MWI12819 MWI31939 MWI12571 MWI12632 MWI12576 MWI12438 MWI12713 MWI70589 MWI13138 MWI73469 MWI12732 MWI73469 Date: 29/01/2018

Revision Number: 0 MWI12463 Scale: 1:8,000 at A3

Illustrator: JG

Path: X:\PROJECTS\201550\GIS\ MWI13144 FigsMXD\201550_DBA_Figs02.mxd Wiltshire and Swindon HER Monument Records Figure 2 Map A: 1839 Tithe map of the Parish of Durrington Map B; 1887 Edition Ordnance Survey 25-inch map

Map C: 1924 First Edition Ordnance Survey 25-inch map Map D: 1939 Edition Ordnance Survey 25-inch map

Reproduced from the 1839 Tithe map, 1887, 1924 and 1939 Ordnance Survey map. This material is for client report only © Wessex Archaeology. No unauthorised reproduction.

Site (approx.) Date: 29/01/2018 Revision Number: 0 Scale: 3: NTS; 4-6: 1:7,500 at A3 Illustrator: JG Path: X:\PROJECTS\201550\GIS\FigsMXD\201550_DBA_Figs03_06.mxd

Historic maps Figure 3 Map E: 1958 Edition Ordnance Survey 25" map Map F: 1958 Edition Ordnance Survey 6 inch map

Map G: 1961 Provisional Edition Ordnance Survey 6-inch map Figure H: 1972 Provisional Edition Ordnance Survey 6-inch map

Reproduced from the 1958, 1961 and 1972 Ordnance Survey map. This material is for client report only © Wessex Archaeology. No unauthorised reproduction.

Site (approx.) Date: 29/01/18 Revision Number: 0 Scale: 1:7,500 at A3 Illustrator: JG Path: X:\PROJECTS\201550\GIS\FigsMXD\201550_DBA_Figs07_10.mxd Historic maps Figure 4 Plate 1: North-east facing view from the main access road into the Site

Plate 2: View to the south-east from within the Site, to the rear of the workshop.

This material is for client report only © Wessex Archaeology. No unauthorised reproduction.

Date: 30/01/2018 Revision Number: 0

Scale: Not to scale Illustrator: WAF

Path: X:\PROJECTS\201550\Graphics_Office\Rep figs\DBA\2018_01_30\201550_DBA_Plates.ai

Plates 1 & 2 Plate 3: Static caravan

Plate 4: World War II Air Raid Shelter

This material is for client report only © Wessex Archaeology. No unauthorised reproduction.

Date: 30/01/2018 Revision Number: 0

Scale: Not to scale Illustrator: WAF

Path: X:\PROJECTS\201550\Graphics_Office\Rep figs\DBA\2018_01_30\201550_DBA_Plates.ai

Plates 3 & 4 Plate 5: View to the east, northern Site boundary and cell mast from within the Site.

Plate 6: Larkhill Camp and The Packway, view from the south-east

This material is for client report only © Wessex Archaeology. No unauthorised reproduction.

Date: 30/01/2018 Revision Number: 0

Scale: Not to scale Illustrator: WAF

Path: X:\PROJECTS\201550\Graphics_Office\Rep figs\DBA\2018_01_30\201550_DBA_Plates.ai

Plates 5 & 6 Plate 7: View to the east, canopy and ground condition following the removal of subterranean fuel tanks.

Plate 8: Cell tower and associated services in the north-eastern corner of the Site.

This material is for client report only © Wessex Archaeology. No unauthorised reproduction.

Date: 30/01/2018 Revision Number: 0

Scale: Not to scale Illustrator: WAF

Path: X:\PROJECTS\201550\Graphics_Office\Rep figs\DBA\2018_01_30\201550_DBA_Plates.ai

Plates 7 & 8 wessex archaeology

Wessex Archaeology Ltd registered office Portway House, Old Sarum Park, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 6EB Tel: 01722 326867 Fax: 01722 337562 [email protected] www. wessexarch.co.uk FS 606559

Wessex Archaeology Ltd is a company limited by guarantee registered in England, No. 1712772 and is a Registered Charity in England and Wales, No. 287786; and in Scotland, Scottish Charity No. SC042630. Registered Office: Portway House, Old Sarum Park, Salisbury, Wilts SP4 6EB