Punjab Rural Water Supply & Sanitation
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
E1435 VOL. 1 Public Disclosure Authorized Punjab Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project (World Bank assisted) Preparedfor Department of Water Supply & Sanitation (DWSS), Punjab Public Disclosure Authorized Final Report on Sector Environmental Assessment Public Disclosure Authorized VOLUME - I (MAIN REPORT) FDBACWI TURNKEY ENGINEERS Member-Feedback Ventures Group Public Disclosure Authorized September 2006 Punjab Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project F-DBACKC Final Report on Sector Environmental Assessment TURNK VNGIEER Table of Contents Volume I - Main Report Section Title Page No Abbreviations ix Executive Summary 1 Coverage, Institutions and Regulatory and Policy Framework 1 Environmental Baseline 3 Key Environmental issues and mitigation measures 5 Environmental Management Framework 8 Key Elements of the EMF 9 Application of EMF Activities in the Scheme-cycle 10 Environmental Supervision, Monitoring and Evaluation Plan 13 Institutional Arrangements for Environment Management 14 Training and Capacity Building 15 Budget 16 1. Introduction 18 1.1 Punjab Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project (PRWSS) 18 1.2 Sector Environmental Assessment (SEA) 19 1.3 Methodology 20 1.3.1 Data Collection and Review 21 1.3.2 Preliminary Site Visits 21 1.3.3 Public Consultations 22 1.3.4 Selection of Villages for Detailed Study 22 1.4 Procedure followed for Public Consultations 25 1.5 Schedule of Public Consultations 25 1.6 Organisation of the Report 27 Page i Punjab Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project F==DBACWK( TURNKEY ENGINEERS Final Report on Sector Environmental Assessment MFGp Section Title Page No 2. Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in Punjab 28 2.1 National Context 28 2.1.1 Swajaldhara 29 2.1.2 Total Sanitation Campaign 29 2.2 RWSS Coverage in Punjab 30 2.2.1 Drinking Water 30 2.2.2 Sanitation 34 2.3 Regulatory and Policy Framework 35 2.3.1 National Framework 35 2.3.2 State Framework 38 2.4 Sector Institutions 41 2.4.1 Nodal Institution: Department of Water Supply and Sanitation 41 2.4.2 Converging Departments 44 2.5 Proposed World Bank assisted Project 45 3. Baseline Environmental Status 47 3.1 Physical Environment 47 3.1.1 Location 47 3.1.2 Physiography 47 3.1.3 Soils 49 3.1.4 Climate and Rainfall 50 3.1.5 Geomorphology (Land forms) 54 3.1.6 Land Use 55 3.1.7 Agriculture 57 3.2 Water Resources Environment 59 3.2.1 Surface Water Resources 59 3.2.2 Groundwater Resources 62 3.2.2.1 Hydrogeology 62 Page ii and Sanitation Project F-EDBACK( Punjab Rural Water Supply TURNKEY ENGINEERS Final Report on Sector Environmental Assessment Gr Section Title Page No 3.2.2.2 Disposition of the Aquifers 62 3.2.2.3 Depth of Water Level & Water Level Altitude 68 3.2.2.4 Current Status of Ground water Resources 71 3.2.2.5 Deep Ground-water 77 3.2.2.6 Natural Ground-water Recharge 80 3.2.3 Water Quality 80 3.2.3.1 Surface Water Quality: Rivers & Canals 80 3.2.3.2 Surface Water Quality: Village Ponds & Wetlands 82 3.2.3.3 Ground Water Quality 84 3.2.3.4 DWSS Water Sampling Study 88 3.3 Household and Environmental Sanitation 97 3.3.1 Household Sanitation 97 3.3.2 Wastewater 97 3.3.3 Solid wastes 98 3.3.4 Cattle wastes 98 3.4 Current Water Supply and Treatment Practices 99 3.5 Incidence of Water and Sanitation-related Diseases in Punjab 100 4. Environmental Analysis 102 4.1 Key environmental issues 102 4.1.1 Water Availability 102 4.1.2 Water Quality 104 4.1.3 Applicability of OP/BP 7.50 to Punjab RWSS 105 4.1.4 Environmental Sanitation 107 4.1.5 Construction-stage Impacts 109 Page iii Punjab Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project FEEDBACK( TURNKEY ENGINEERS Final Report on Sector Environmental Assessment M-be-Ftedbxk V"nwmsGw.p Section Title Page No 5. Environment Management Framework 110 5.1 Environment Issues and Mitigation Measures 110 5.2 Environmental Management Framework 114 5.2.1 Key Elements ofthe EMF 114 5.2.2 Application of EMF to Project cycle 116 5.2.3 Environmental Supervision, Monitoring and Evaluation Plan 122 5.3 Implementation Arrangements for Environmental Management 123 5.3.1 Project Institutional Structure 123 5.3.2 Institutional Arrangements for Environmental Management 136 5.3.3 Training and Capacity Building 137 5.3.4 Budget 139 6. Public Disclosure of Draft Final Report on Sector Environmental Assessment 141 References 147 Page iv Punjab Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project F--DBACK iTURNKEY ENGINEERS Final Report on Sector Environmental Assessment -FV -p List of Figures Figure Title Page No. No. 1.1 Approach and Methodology 20 1.2 Location Map of Punjab with sample villages/ 24 districts 2.1 Coverage of Rural habitations with Water Supply 31 2.2 Existing Organisational set up of DWSS 43 3.1 Location Map of Punjab with district boundaries 48 3.2 Rainfall distribution in Punjab 51 3.3 Districtwise Rainfall - Average v/s Actual for the 52 year 2003 3.4 Variation in Annual Rainfall 53 3.5 Consumption of Chemical Fertilisers in Punjab 58 3.6 River, Canal and Drainage Network, Punjab 60 3.7 3-D Diagram - Upper Bari Doab, Punjab 63 3.8 3-D Diagram - Bist Doab, Punjab 64 3.9 3-D Diagram - Sangrur, Punjab 65 3.10 Geological Cross Section through Patiala - Sangrur 67 Districts, Punjab 3.11 Map showing Depth to Ground Water Table in 69 meters during June 2004 3.12 Water Table Elevation 70 3.13 Status of Ground Water Development 73 3.14 Map of Punjab showing Rise/ Fall of Water Table in 75 meters from 6/84 to 6/2003 3.15 Water level trend in 2 typical Districts 76 3.16 Fence Diagram showing Fresh Ground Water 78 Sediments 3.17 Thickness of Fresh Ground Water Sediments 79 5.1 Process Flow Scheme for EMF Activities in the 118 Scheme cycle 5.2 Proposed Overall Institutional Model 125 Pagev Punjab Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project TURNKEYFEEDBACKE ENGINEERS Final Report on Sector Environmental Assessment M-be-Feedbxk Vewm. Group List of Tables Table Title Page No. No. 1 Environmental Management Framework 11 2 Recommended Monitoring Plan 14 3 Budget for Environmental Management 16 4 Annual Budget for Environmental Management 17 1.1 List of Sample villages and schedule of public 26 consultations 2.1 Coverage of Rural Habitations with Water Supply in 30 2003 2.2 Coverage of Rural Habitations with Water Supply 31 2.3 Percentage of Population served by the RWS 32 schemes 2.4 Type and Source for Coverage of Villages ( as on 32 March 2005) 2.5 Designed Service levels of Rural Water Supply 33 Schemes 2.6 Scope of Relevant Environment Regulations 37 3.1 Water Availability From Rainfall In Punjab 54 3.2 Land Use in Punjab 56 3.3 List of Natural Wetlands of Punjab 61 3.4 List Of Manmade Wetlands Of Punjab 61 3.5 Ground Water Potential (as on April 1, 2002) 71 3.6 District-wise Ground Water Availability (in ha.m.) 72 3.7 Water Quality of Rivers in Punjab 81 3.8 Quality Parameters of Some Wetlands of Punjab 83 3.9(a) Districts affected by shallow ground water quality 86 problems in Punjab (DWSS, 2006) 3.9(b) Districts affected by Shallow Ground Water Quality 87 Problems in Punjab 3.10(a) Water Quality Results of 10 districts 90 3. 1 O(b) Water Quality Results of 10 districts 91 3.11 Test results for Water Samples - in 6 districts 94 3.12 Water and Sanitation-related Diseases in Punjab 101 5.1 Environmental Management Framework 119 5.2 Environmental Data Sheet for Individual/ multi 121 village water supply and sanitation schemes 5.3 Recommended Monitoring Plan 123 5.4 Training needs for Environment Management 139 5.5 Estimated Cost of Training 139 5.6 Budget for Environmental Management Activities 140 5.7 Annual Budget for Environmental Management 140 Page vi Punjab Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project F--DBACK( TUTRNKEY ENGINEERS Final Report on Sector Environmental Assessment Mib VwGrupG-Fdbck VOLUME - II List of Annexures No Title Page No. 1. Tariff Structure of DWSS 1 2. Terms of Reference 2 - 7 3. Criteria of selection of Survey villages 8 4. Data collection templates 9 - 16 5. District-wise coverage with service level 17 6. District-wise list of in progress villages 18 - 19 7. RWSS initiatives in the State 20 - 24 8. Schedule I (Ministry of Environment and Forests) 25 - 26 9. Punjab State Tube well Act, 1954 27 - 30 10. Stage of Ground water Development of Punjab State 31 - 37 as on 31.03.2004 11 Water Quality Standards for Surface Water as per 38 CPCB 12. Major types of water polluting Industries in Punjab 39 13. Drinking water standards as per IS: 10500-1991 40 - 42 14. District-wise Incidence of Diseases 43 - 46 15. Policy statement of Department of Irrigation, Govt. 47 of Punjab 16. Policy statement of Water Resources & 48 Environment Directorate, Govt. of Punjab 17. Report of Impact of Pumping of Ground Water by 49 - 51 M.C. Jindal Page vii Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project FEEDBACKN( Punjab TURNKEY ENGINEERS Final Report on Sector Environmental Assessment -- V p 18. Implementation/construction stage impacts and 52 - 59 mitigation measures 19. Water Quality Surveillance Programme 60 - 66 20. Public Notice in the Local Punjabi daily Newspaper 67 dated 30.07.06 21. Public Notice in Local English Daily Newspaper dt.