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Auroral Ionospheric Plasma Processes

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Auroral Ionospheric Plasma Processes Auroral ionospheric plasma processes Kristina A Lynch Dartmouth College Movie by Mark Conde, UAF/GI MICA rocket, FPI, PFISR, ASC Plasma School, August 2012, Boston U Questions about auroral drivers Questions about ionospheric response “…no technology barriers that would prevent making temperature and wind measurements of the neutral atmosphere well into the thermosphere to 1000 km. This capability would open an entirely new region of chemistry and atmospheric modeling..." •! Auroral-driven ionosphere- thermosphere responses •! Ion fountain, sawtooth events, neutral upwelling, charge exchange, Alfvenic feedback, ion outflow…. •! Here: consider details of responses to auroral drivers Image by Tom Moore, GSFC “Scifer Cleft ion fountain” ! Questions about ionospheric feedbacks •! Streltsov/Lotko Ionospheric Alfven Resonator •! Filamentation of downward current region •! Predicts strong distortion of ionospheric footpoint ! Figure 1. Modeled response of the ionosphere to the ionospheric feedback instability producing structured FAC in the downward-current region. Questions about ionospheric structuring and dynamics •! Zettergren and Semeter, 2012 •! Effects of composition and collisions •! 2D electrostatic Introduction: Questions •! How to make an in situ map of auroral ionosphere? •! How to monitor response of a thermal plasma to drivers? •! Challenged assumptions: –!!sheath >> kTe –!time and space variations –!flows Introduction: Goals •! Auroral zone: lower altitudes, lower energy coupling •! Conductivity gradients: source of current •! Shears and density gradients: wave growth •! Response of thermal ambient plasma: –!Sheaths, charging, wakes, flows •! Multipoint array of sensorcraft: –!Building a time-space map of ionospheric density evolution and structure Outline •! Aurora •! Ionosphere •! Plasma •! Processes Jan Curtis! •! Instrumentation and measurements •! Swarms Outline •! Aurora –! Morphology –! E and J –! Upward/downward/Alfvenic –! Visible and f(v) types –! Driver –! Feedback •! Ionosphere Jan Curtis! •! Plasma •! Processes •! Instrumentation and measurements •! Swarms Auroral ionosphere primer •! Currents up •! Currents down •! Structure in time •! Structure in space Green and Black Aurora Over Norway ! Credit & Copyright: Frank Andreassen ! from the “Astronomy Picture of the Day”! Simplest aurora picture! •! External current requirement! •! Convergent E-perp! •! Closed potentials! Jup! •! Electrons down! •! UPward current! •! Enhanced Pedersen conductivity! •! Quasistatic (10s s)! •! Large-scale (10s km)! Simplest aurora picture •! Simple precipitation picture can be used for large-scale mapping of static structures Simplest aurora picture •! and for zeroth- order understanding of smaller structures. •! until they start to move… Jan Curtis! Jan Curtis! Auroral currents •! A more complete auroral system picture builds on the idea of field aligned current systems. •! Next we consider downward-current-region aurora •! “Black” or “dark” aurora Aurora up and down •! DOWNward current •! Electrons up •! Depleted ionospheric density •! Closed potentials J ! •! Divergent E-perp down •! Quasistatic (1s s) •! Medium-scale (1s km) Jup! Aurora up, down and varying Auroral Drivers upward, downward, Alfvenic: each have distinct distribution functions Paschmann, 2002 !"#$%&'(%)*&+,(-./0$%1.-)("2&&&!"#$"%&"'()*+(),-- !"#$%&'()**+,)*-.(/01)- Auroral Drivers •! 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