Washington DC 20024-4013 300 M Street SW Apt 605 Steven A. Honley 900 20017 S ACFS 03 9912 99 SSIOixAl vm [’non /\I \ Its \n- 50 S3 mcE JO JOBS OUT CONTRACTING \ZI\i: rOli FORF,K I A \ n

l

0 OREIGN

SEAS HONG KONG FACES STORMY

MARINES THE AND PRINCESS THE OVERSEAS DIPLOPETS Over Economy, Rights As Takeover Looms, Conflicts Surface There is an entire world beneath this sky, and on it daily, 2,066,706futures are traded, 69,960,000 barrels of oil are produced, 136,145 cars roll off assembly lines, countless disasters occur and governments govern, some well, some poorly. Yet, with all this diversity, one basic need transcends all others. The need to communicate. This is our planet. From where we sit, there are no borders dividing cou ntries, no ribbons of telephone lines, no dishes, just the sky. And if you can see the sky, you can communicate on our planet.

INTRODUCING

Thefirst affordable, portable, global satellite communications service. Phone, fax and emailfor about the price of a laptop computer. Cal11-888-PLANE 1 / ext. 5 or+1-301-214-3500 ext. 5 outside the U.S. Email: [email protected] Web: mtw.comsat.comlplanet 1 COMSAT

Planet I is subject to FCC authorization for V.S. operations. Please call 1-800-316- 7049 (or outside the U.S., call +/ 301-428-2500) forfurther information. Use of Planet l outside the U.S. is subject to local licensing regulations on a country-by-country basis. Planet / is a trademark and servicemark of COMSAT Corporation. When it comes to buying insurance overseas, you may think your premiums will cost less or that your claims will be settled faster. While it could appear to be more efficient, the reality is that these companies are often poorly regulated and frequently find any excuse to deny a claim. And do!

At Clements & Company we are not only dedicated to providing outstanding insurance programs, but we are CLEMENTS & COMPANY Insurance Worldwide. accountable for our actions. We pay claims without excuses.

1660 L Street, NW, 9th Floor Translation... Clements covers you! Washington, DC 20036 TELEPHONE FACSIMILE (202) 872-0060 (202) 466-9064 (800) 872-0067 INTERNET [email protected] DIPLOMATIC AUTOMOBILE SALES

Cadillac Eldorado Pontiac Grand Am

Chevrolet Venture Chevrolet Blazer

As a member of the Foreign Service Community you are entitled to very special privileges and services when you order a General Motors vehicle through Diplomatic Automobile Sales. Diplomatic Personalized Service A personal representative will assist you in custom factory ordering the vehicle of your choice at the special diplomatic price. Delivery of your vehicle can be arranged anywhere in the United States, or to most overseas locations. Select from General Motors finest products. Cadillac, Pontiac, Oldsmobile, Chevrolet, Buick, GMC Truck, and Geo. Contact Our Diplomatic Sales Representative To receive more information on General Motors products, please complete the business reply card and mail it to us. Contact us in the United States at tel: (516) 496-1806, fax: (516) 677-3701, or E-mail: [email protected]

DIPLOMATIC AUTOMOBILE SALES SfcAajgr 100 Crossways Park West Woodburv, New York 11797-2084 U.S.A. XT—I—7X7 A program of OMSC Ltd. Authorized distributor of GM vehicles to the Diplomatic Community CONTENTS

March 1997 I Vol. 74, No. 3

C OVER FEATURES Focus ON HONG KONG’S TURNOVER TO CHINA DIPLOPETS / 44 20 / A CITY' FACING TURMOIL From Best Friends to Surrogate Children, As Handover Nears, Pets Breed Familiarity, Aid Comfort Abroad Policy Conflicts By Anne Bridgman Loom With US, UK WHAT ARE EWE EATING? / 50 28 / A CITY BUILT ON PROSPERITY How One Moroccan Meal Became Embassy Marines Success ‘Formula:’ Diplomatic Test of Will — Will He or Won’t He? US Capitalism Wed By Thomas M. Iannucci To UK Rule of Law Focus By Ross H. Munro

36 / A CITY BULLISH ON ITSELF As Funds Flow Back, Future for Business Predicted as Robust By Dan Kuhiske

40 / A CITY RISES IN ASIA Transport of Opium, Page 20 ‘Coolies’ Dominated Early Anglo-US Ties By Jose Armilla C O L U M N S PRESIDENT’S VIEWS / 5 Just Do It By F. A. “Tex” Harris SPEAKING OUT / 15 Contracting Traditional’ JO Jobs DEPARTMENTS Could Save $16 Million Annually 7 / LETTERS By Jonathan Henick 12 / CLIPPINGS POSTCARD FROM ABROAD / 60 53 / BOOKS An Appetite for Videos in Zambia 59 / INDEX TO ADVERTISERS By Stevenson Mcllvaine

Cover and inside illustrations by John Kachik

THE MAGAZINE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS PROFESSIONALS

Foreign Service Journal (ISSN (X)15-7279), 2101 E Street, NVV, Washington, D.C. 20037-2990 is published Editor Editorial Board monthly by the American Foreign Sendee Association, a private, non-profit organization. Material appearing KAREN KREBSBACH EDWARD MARKS, Chairman herein represents the opinions of the writers and does not necessarily represent the views of the Journal, the Managing Editor LESLIE BASSETT Editorial Board or AFSA. Writer queries are invited. Journal subscription: AFSA Members - $9.50 included in KATHLEEN CURRIE TERRENCE BROWN annual dues; others - $40. For foreign surface mail, add $18 per year; foreign airmail, $36 per year. Periodical Art Director AURELIUS FERNANDEZ postage paid at Manchester, NH, and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to TARA FISHER JUDITH HENDERSON Foreign Service Journal, 2101 E Street NW, Washington, D.C. 2(X)37-2990. Indexed by Public Affairs Advertising b Circulation DAVID I. HITCHCOCK Manager Information Service (PAIS). The Journal is not responsible for unsolicited manuscripts, photos or illustrations. I jx\ BOBBIE SCHREIBER HUGHES MARIA I. SAN JOS£ Advertising inquiries are invited. The appearance of advertisements herein does not imply the endorsement of ROBERTA MAHONEY Editorial Assistant the services or goods offered. FAX: (202) 338-8244 or (202) 338-6820. E-MAIL: [email protected]. TELE¬ POLLY GILBERT MARK MATTHEWS PHONE: (202) 338-4045. © American Foreign Service Association, 1997. Printed in the U.S.A. Send address Advertising Assistant ARNOLD SCHIFFERDECKER changes for die Foreign Service Journal to AFSA, 2101 E Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037-2990. Yi-SuNc Lu ANNE SIGMUND

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 3 WE SPEAK THE INTERNAHONAL LANGUAGE OF LUXURY.

If you want to stay in Washington, D.C. in style, talk to the long-term-stay hotel that speaks your language ... The George Washington University Inn. Located close to Embassy Row, The Kennedy Center, most government agencies, the Metro and more, The George Washington University Inn is a luxurious and affordable home away from home. Each newly remodeled, spacious suite features a fully equipped kitchenette, remote control TV, plus complimentary amenities such as daily newspaper delivery and shoeshine service. For more information, call (202) 337-6620 today. You’ll like what you hear. Georff Wmyton Uiuvmty inn

824 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W, Washington, D.C. 20037 1-800-426-4455 (202)337-6620 Fax (202) 298-7499

* Rates based on season and availability.

No matter where you call home, Just Gall a Representative at And, no matter where you are, State Department Federal Credit 703-739-3092 (or 800-296-8882 if you own a residence in Virginia, Union can help with your home¬ ext. 3092) for your mortgage or Maryland, or the District of buying and home-lending needs. refinancing needs. Columbia, you can use the equity in your home to borrow money If you’re looking to return to the Plus with SmartMove™, our for a car, home improvements, States, we offer amumber of nationwide real estate service, or other expenses. Ask about our mortgage loan options at you can earn cash rebates each home equity loans today. convenient terms and competitive time you buy or sell your home rates for your home-buying in the U.S. Call SmartMove at needs. Our Mortgage Loan 703-359-1831 (or 800-645-6560) Department is ready to to speak to a Representative. assist " H a LITTLE soty State Department Federal Credit Union A tradition of service for over 60 years.

1630 King Street • Alexandria, VA 22314 703-706-5000 • 800-296-8882 703-684-1613 (fax) www.sdfcu.org (Internet) If you are overseas, call 703-706-5000 and let our operators W know so we can give you top priority. p NCUA PRESIDENT’S VIEWS Just Do It

BY F. A. “TEX” HARRIS

am he enemy of our time is resources. But critics exploit this inactionPresident Clinton It s time to defensiveness as “proof’ that the for¬ JL asserted in his recent eign-affairs agencies are incapable of State of Union address. We in the consider serious self-reform and must be forced from Foreign Service agree. the outside to change. The way out of Scores of recent conversations with ref orm of the the trap is clear, but painful: Open the under secretaries at the State culture to constructive self-criticism, Department, assistant administrators at f oreign - affairs with a clear commitment from top the U.S. Agency for International leadership to a lasting reform process. Development (USAID), office direc¬ agencies. Third, committed leadership is tors at the U.S. Information Agency, needed. Artful cynics point to State’s incoming specialists and generalists in Strategic Management Initiative, die A-100 class underscore the consen¬ USAID’s New Management System sus tiiat the time has come to just do it. and USIA’s Partnership process as clas¬ Do what? Reform the foreign-affairs The systems are characterized by indi¬ sic examples of foreign-affairs-style agencies so die president can tackle the vidual brilliance and organizational overpromise and underdelivery. nations new agenda with the same skill under-performance. At various head¬ What is needed is a vision and com¬ and effect used in the past half century. quarters, the rank and file are involved mitment to get where we need to go. Reforms have been stymied in only marginally in the policy process. That vision must focus on two key recent years by an impenetrable com¬ We need immediate action to mobi¬ issues. First, what are the new goals for bination of internal opposition to major lize all die talent in the agencies and American diplomacy in a world with change and by head knocking between tap all employees’ knowledge and increasing foreign, economic and glob¬ the Congress and the administration energy. Major changes in the organiza¬ al challenges and more diffuse nation¬ over “cut and consolidate” proposals. tional culture are needed to reward al security concerns, where classic As the rest of die U.S. government teamwork and organizational perfor¬ state-to-state dealings are less impor¬ moves ahead into results-based mod¬ mance and to harness die energy of the tant and the global intercourse of gov¬ ernization pushed by Vice President Al many, not just the few. And innovative ernments with private and multilateral Gores National Performance Review and workable information systems are institutions is growing? And second, and by Congress’s Government needed to support these key structural how do the agencies respond as the Performance Requirements Act, the changes. boundaries dissolve between foreign foreign-affairs agencies lag. What Second, honesty and courage are and domestic policy? needs to be done? required to accept die risks involved in American diplomacy has not been First, people must be empowered. change. Private assessments of the reorganized since the Cold War. A The input-to-output ratio in the for¬ strengths and weaknesses of die for¬ State Department Inspector Generals eign-affairs agencies is infamous. They eign-affairs agencies should remain report asserts that, at the 10 largest attract the best talent in die U.S. gov¬ candid and perceptive. Needed also is embassies, the U.S. government still ernment, but trap it in systems that pro¬ corporate courage to articulate diese dedicates more resources and staff to duce less than die sum of their parts. assessments publicly — and honesty to lower-priority Cold War agenda items force change. System leaders fear any than to newly identified challenges. F. A. “Tex” Harris is president of the acknowledgment of weakness or fail¬ We need change. Our nation needs not American Foreign Service Association. ure only supports detractors and costs only better; it needs the best. ■

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 5 RECYCLE THE SIMUNEKS’ EXPERTISE!

;i e LONG & ^FOSTER itunr & post 364-b’^uu

i"| «.296;4304 ! - *> SOLD

?<23S7 —'-6^

icers by Northern^ Virginia Association of Realtors roducers by Washington DC Association of Realtors

* Washington, DC * Northern Virginia * Marylan\ would like to know how much home I can afford to but . □ FREE MARKET ANALYSIS of how much home is worth. Property Address; ATTN: Simuneks ATTN: Simuneks I ant interested in tbe fotlouing injimtudiotv Long & Foster Long & Foster Area? □ District of Columbia □ Mart land □ Virginia onsin Avenue, NW tfiLUNh & 4600 Lee Highway Type of Home? □ Detached House Q Townhouse □Condo Washingtfcftw^C 20016 Arlington, VA 22207 Bedrooms? Neighborhoods? Price Range? $ Direct Line: (202y^!%4iip4 FOSTER* Direct Line: (703) 284-9365 Fax: (202) 659-0998 (=r REALTORS* Fax: (202) 659-0990 Address Qtv _ State _ £mail:simt aol.com To the editor: To the editor: line. All people like to laugh, and it I enjoyed die January journal, During die Nixon presidency, the puts them in a positive frame of mind. “Humors Role in Diplomacy,” and White House insisted on compiling Laughter is good for your healtii. It’s a would like to add to your collection of overseas press reactions to Nixons for¬ win-win situation. stories. eign policy speeches. When Nixon After five years of serious reporting In die early 1970s, an exceptionally announced a particular U.S. initiative on intensive political activity at my pompous senior official of the in Vietnam, die White House remind¬ post, I felt diat the department should Department of State sent a telegram to ed all posts, including U.S. Embassy know diat FSOs are not devoid of a all Middle Eastern posts recounting his Libreville, of dieir obligation to report sense of humor. So my last airgram discussions with die French ambassador. local press reactions. On one occasion, before my departure was entitied, He told how he had overwhelmed die Amembassy Libreville did not comply, “Going to the Dogs, Latin Style.” Frenchman widi accounts of Americas so the State Department sent a terse Upon returning to the department, I (and his own) recent diplomatic tri¬ message: “Department awaiting was surprised to learn how favorably umphs and concluded, “We trust this embassy’s assessment of Gabon’s reac¬ my airgram was received, with one has laid to rest die old French petard tion to die president’s speech.” The senior officer asking, “Are you die per¬ that die United States has no real influ¬ reply was short, and particularly hon¬ son who wrote that hilarious dog ence in die Middle East.” est. “Gabon slept on,” wrote story?’ The charge in a large embassy in Ambassador Richard Funkhouser. If die president of die United States, die area replied immediately, “I think John C. Garon Ronald Reagan, found humor a useful the drafter of reftel has been hoist on Retired FSO tool in his work, why shouldn’t we? his own canard.” Recipients of the Bethesda, Md. George C. Mitchell exchange were highly amused. The Retired FSO drafter was not. Pittsburgh, Pa. As has been pointed out many times, humor is rarely rewarded. The To the Editor: charge was sent into exile and his well- I was delighted to read “Does served embassy was delayed for the Humor Play a Role in Diplomacy?’ To the Editor: better part of a decade. (January Journal), to which I whole¬ In “Does Humor Play a Role in James E. Akins heartedly subscribe. In a course on Diplomacy?’ (January Journal), writer Retired FSO cross-cultural business management Ellen Rafshoon has Walter Clarke Washington, D.C. tiiat I teach for die international MBA offering “Kigali No. 17’ as die sort of degree, I emphasize the importance of faux pas that can wreck an FSO’s The Foreign Service Journal welcomes having a sense of humor, which breaks career. I worked at different times with your signed letters to the editor. Please down barriers,, whether in business or Mr. Clarke and die audior of diat noto¬ mail letters to the Journal, 2101 E St., in any walk of life. Flumor not only rious cable, die late David J.S. Manbey, NW, Washington, D.C. or fax to 202- helps to reduce tensions and facilitate and what follows is the recollection of a 338-8244 or send via e-mail to jour- negotiations. Physicians claim that friend to both men. With David not [email protected]. Letters, which are sub¬ laughter quickens the pulse, improves being around to explain diis, I felt I ject to editing must include full name, blood circulation, intensifies breadiing, might share what I know of the title and post, address and daytime induces greater muscular activity and antecedents and consequences of the telephone number. produces hormones such as adrena¬ dispatch.

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 7 LETTERS

First, a quibble. It was, I believe, compiled die most interesting events “Kigali 14,” not “17,” as Walter has it. of the day into a book for the presi¬ David gave me a copy, which I have dents night reading. The very night been unable to locate, but I remem¬ “Kigali 14” arrived, some free spirit in ber it well. One part reported on the OpCenter, who may have wanted Rwanda's first presidential inaugura¬ to show Jack Kennedy that we are not tion: “The new chief executive sat in all stuff-shirted duds, inserted a copy die car drinking beer with the chauf¬ just under die books cover sheet. feur during most of the ceremony; the Next day word filtered back from die Diplomacy first lady did not attend, staying home, White House diat the president was it was said, to work in the garden.” amused and had remarked that who¬ Has Its Second, Walter does David an ever this fellow Manbey was, he unkinclness by suggesting he was a might have the worst job in the Rewards. novice and dandy who, on direct Foreign Service, but he certainly assignment from London, was unpre¬ seemed to be keeping a stiff upper lip pared for Rwanda where he was to and his sense of humor. At American Service open an embassy and serve as charge That slowed die wheels of retribu¬ until an ambassador arrived. I can tion somewhat, but at lengdi Manbey Center, your Al, A2, believe David was tailored in Savile came out of Africa and was never NATO 1, NATO 2, or G4 Row and perhaps has affected a bit of allowed to go back, not that he want¬ British manners; his wife was, in fact, visa, along with a diplomatic ed to. He never made ambassador English and no doubt dressed in the either, something he surely did want. or official passport, allow latest London fashion. But he went on to acceptable assign¬ you to purchase a new Thirdly, David was a thorough pro¬ ments and ended his career honor¬ fessional who knew exactly what he ably and with distinction. You can look Mercedes-Benz at dramatic was doing. After sober appreciation of it up. savings. Contact Erik the situation, he sat down and wrote John F. King “Kigali 14” with a twofold purpose: to Retired FSO Grardiolm, our Diplomat deter die department from sending a Churcliville, Va. and Tourist Sales Manager. full-fledged ambassador to Rwanda, A native of Munich, which he believed scarcely warranted a consular agent, and to get himself Germany, Erik has keen reassigned. It will be recalled tiiat at To the editor: with ASC for 29 years. the time, during his tenure as assistant Everybody who has known my secretary for Africa, [G. Mennen] friend Ed Peck (“Tips From a Master “Soapy” Williams was hell for leather Wit. January Journal) a while knows to staff the newly independent states; he has a repertoire of just four jokes, the celerity with which we opened one of which you prudishly did not embassies on the continent earned publish in your humor issue. His him a reputation as the greatest career experience witii those four sto¬ empire builder since Rhodes. ries is far more instructive tiian die It seems to be well known that issue’s learned articles in explaining when “Kigali 14” landed on Williams’ why the Foreign Service is so success¬ 585 North GleLe Road, desk, the assistant secretary exploded, ful witii humor: We move on — or Arlington, VA 22203 denounced the author as anti-African, our audience changes. Ed had 14 and ordered his immediate removal. jobs; probably no colleague, foreign 703-525-2100 This coincides with Walters version, or American, heard his collection Telefax: 703-525-1430 but it was not quite tire end of the more than once or twice. Egyptian Mobile: 703-795-1829 affair. In those days — maybe its still cabinet ministers change every two done — the secretary of States office years on average, Iraqis, laughing at,

8 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/MARCH 1997 LETTERS

rather than with, Saddam, even more ness never suffered since we always frequently. began our agenda with smiles. Eds second implicit lesson is that Michael Sotirhos the -wittiest among us are those who Former Ambassador to serve in the Third World. In those Jamaica and Greece harsh places being able to laugh is Pompano Beach, Fla. essential for survival. If the Egyptians didn’t relish life as a joke, they would have fled into the desert with the appearance of the first locust. What To the editor: “Something about this place minister of economy in Cairo would¬ SAND is one of die finest articles n’t prefer a second telling of Ed’s par¬ ever published in die FSJ (“Is There pushes you rot story to reviewing GNP statistics? Room For a Litde Fun in Diplomacy? In the stolid First World, FSOs have Members of FS Community Dabble in the right direction. ” to work much harder at humor: Ed in Delivering the Dumb Demarche”). His family’s moves meant Sam had quickly quit Scandinavia. And Ed Peck’s story is delicious. The These facts give us the Precht- rest of die humor theme unfortunately attended several different high schools. Peck Paradigm: Four highly polished demonstrated the communications His grades had been “bad” in those jokes can make you ambassador in the problems that hamper the Foreign where there were large classes and he Third World; a mirthful stock of six Service. Try it again. was lacking self-confidence. After he Da n Camber jokes can earn you a six-year job as and his parents visited five local consul-general or deputy chief of mis¬ Retired FSO independent schools, Sam chose sion in Europe where Rotary affabili¬ Amman, Jordan ty is requisite; a fun-loving collection Chapel Hill-Chauncy Hall School of eight jokes will give you two tours because he liked its campus and on the Sevendi Floor, like Warren friendly atmosphere. Once enrolled, Christopher. To the editor: his attitude changed. “1 started getting The convergence in die January Henry Precht good grades in English class, and that Retired FSO issue on humor and the review of a boosted my confidence.” He also Bethesda, Md. biography on David Bruce evoked an occurrence concerning him in the began to participate in sports. “I’d 1960s when I was an officer in U.S. never liked sports before, but I tried Embassy London. soccer and became captain of the JV To the editor: Ambassador Bruce seldom made team.” Sam made the honor roll for the During our brief seminar for polit¬ speeches, but there was an occasion first time and began writing poetry and ical appointees, humor was not dis¬ when he addressed an audience in short stories and keeping a journal cussed. So when I went on my first of Birmingham, during which he made two consecutive ambassadorial some remarks picked up by an inter¬ in his spare time. national press service, which dis¬ assignments, I chose to be myself — Chapel Hill-Chauncy Hall School is including using my love of humor. turbed the Department of State an independent school for boys and With four prime ministers and as because diey conflicted widi govern¬ many foreign ministers, humor ment policy. The embassy got a sharp girls in grades nine through twelve. became my calling card. “What new cable, asking the ambassador for an Please call to arrange your explanation. Memory does not assure joke have you for me today?” was the son's or daughter’s visit. way most meetings began. me that I quote it exactiy, but tiiis is an Soon the host country officials accurate paraphrase: “During my talk Chapel Hill-Chauncy Hall School always had a joke or story to tell me in I noticed tiiat a reporter was having 785 Beaver St., Waltham, IV1A02154 return. Many a tense or difficult some difficulty in taking his notes. He meeting was defused after an gave me the impression of a one- (617)894-2644 -(617)894-5205 fax exchange of stories. The serious busi¬ legged man chasing a horse. Bruce.”

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 9 OUR SERVICES BEGIN LETTERS THE DAY YOU CALL! Your Best Resource for Quality Cost Effective Temporary Housing at Hundreds of Locations in D.C., Maryland, and Northern Virginia The department made no further Turkey: Enver and Djemal to the inquiry. Soviet Union and Talaat to Berlin. John N. Hutchinson There, in 1921, Talaat was shot to Retired FSO death on Hardenbergstrasse by a Sebastopol, Calif. young student whose family had been victims of the Turkish genocide. The student was tiled in Berlins Court of Assizes and, despite lhs confession to To the editor: the crime which was also witnessed In his excellent, terse commentary by throngs of Berliners, he was on unpunished war criminals, acquitted by a 12-man jury when all “Looking To The Future: Are the facts of the genocide were Criminal Trials Effective Tools for US revealed in searing testimony that Diplomats?” (December Journal), shocked die world. Gregory H. Stanton writes, ‘When The genocide, which the present- Hitler was asked if tire Final Solution day Turkish government continues to wouldn’t violate international law, he rigorously deny, and all die facts sur¬ scoffed, referring to an earlier geno¬ rounding it were minutely document¬ cide, ‘Who ever heard of the ed by U.S. consular officers starioned Armenians?’” For the record which, in Turkey and are preserved in the • Flexible Arrangements for Short-term historically speaking, is filled with State Department files of the stays: Nightly, Weekly, Monthly erroneous information, please allow National Archives. • One, Two and Three-Bedroom me to make the following corrections. Edward Alexander Apartments Plus Private Homes or Townhomes Hitler made his comment to a Retired FSO • Variety of Housewares, furniture and gathering at the Eagles Nest of his Bethesda, Md. accessory options plus maid service general staff on the eve of the Nazi • Cable, Utilities, Washer/Dryer and invasion of Poland, directing his phone service included armed forces to show ruthlessness • Special residences for those with pets toward the Polish people. He was not To the Editor: • All major credit cards accepted asked if this would violate internation¬ Pat Guy believes her private-sec¬ • Resort recreation: swimming pools, al law, nor was there any reference to tor experiences as a reporter gave her spas, tennis courts, fitness centers the Final Solution. The quotation unique qualifications drat prepared • Packages available for every budget itself is incomplete and therefore her for a career in the Foreign Service • Tot lots for the children inaccurate. Hitlers question was, (“Mid-Career, Older FSOs Are Good • Walk to metrorail at select locations “Who today still speaks of the exter¬ for the Service,” “Speaking Out,” • Rates and amenities vary by location mination (Vernichtung) of the December Journal). I don’t doubt FOR INFORMATION Armenians?” that the “real world” skills she AND RESERVATIONS Further, for the record, he was acquired as a journalist helped her referring to the state-sponsored geno¬ acculturation to the Foreign Sendee, CALL TOLL-FREE cide perpetrated by Ottoman Turkey and it certainly benefits from second- against its Armenian citizens in 1915, 1-800-933-8367 career professionals like Ms. Guy or 703-271-8033 and — relative to the subject of Mr. joining its ranks. But her description FAX 703-271-8039 Stantons article — it is enlightening of her skills carries with it a somewhat to know that 25 years before arrogant and patronizing tone toward orporaic Nuremberg, a Turkish Military tire career FSOs widrout similar pri¬ and . # Tribunal in 1919 found a score of vate-sector experience. VCCIII1VC TEMPORARY Turkish officials guilty of war crimes, For many of us, the Foreign HOUSING most notably Talaat, Enver and Service was die “real world” that gave INC . Djemal pashas who were condemned us incomparable on-the-job training in absentia because the}1 had fled and helped prepare us for unpre-

10 FOREIGN SERVICE J O U RN AL/M ARC H 1997 LETTERS

£eaVe your dictable experiences during overseas To the editor: tours, as well as for a second career in Pm thrilled to tell you that I’ve most the private sector. As for me, I benefit just reached a two-book deal with from those life and work experiences Avon. Both novels will feature FSO in a number of difficult and challeng¬ Katherine “Casey” Collins, who first important ing assignments. My 25 years as a appeared in print as the heroine of career FSO (much of it in Third my short story, “Cold War Blues,” in World environments, a three-year your fiction issue (August Journal). investment detail to the State Department and a Initially, Twelve Drummers Drumming year-long private-sector tour in the is due out in hard cover in summer Presidential Executive Exchange 1998. The sequel will follow in With the Program) gave me the first class pro¬ 1999. fessional skills that allow me to excel Thanks for giving me and Casey in one of die most difficult and highly such a great start! management competitive media environments in Diana Deverell the world — New York City. Former FSO Years of explaining America’s Eugene, Ore. professionals Middle East policies to journalists and government officials in the region, to correspondents covering the State you trust. Department and specialists and inter¬ To the editor: ested citizens in communities I’m grateful to the Journal, an Rental and Management throughout die United States have ever-improving magazine, for keep¬ of Tine “Properties in given me the self-confidence and ing me in touch with the Foreign Northwest “DC, CheVy Chase, public affairs skills necessary to give Service. “Bethesda and Potomac my new agency better exposure in Perhaps mine is one of the more local, national and international remote addresses among those of media. In the more than 60 meetings the many retirees you serve. Mail with foreign ministers that I’ve partic¬ from the U.S. often goes astray. ipated in since leaving the Foreign Even four years after the division of Service, I’ve drawn on my diplomatic Czechoslovakia, the U.S. Postal career to contribute to my organiza¬ Service still quite often scratches out tions goals. And, in entering UN mis¬ “Slovakia” on envelopes and, trying sions and the ratified headquarters of to be helpful, writes in “Slovenia,” industry and media board rooms, I’ve the closest thing in its computers. felt better prepared by years of work That’s hardly a surprise, since friends in small, medium and large still occasionally write asking me if embassies, as well as countless it’s now safe here, the fighting in Executive Housing encounters with senior officials in a Bosnia having stopped. Consultants, Inc. number of different cultural environ¬ Still, I was a little surprised when 7315 Wisconsin Avenue ments. an official envelope arrived from Suite 603 East We can all learn from each other, the Department of State addressed Bethesda, Maryland 20814 Ms. Guy. “Slovak Republic — Russia.” If 301/951-4111 Arthur S. Berger State doesn’t know where Slovakia Fax: 301-907-7329 Retired FSO and is, our folks in Bratislava are in email: [email protected] Director of Public trouble. Relations Arthur E. Breisky “We care for your home American Jewish Retired FSO as if it Were our oWn. ” Committee Bardejov, Slovak New York, N.Y. Republic U

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 11 CLIPPINGS

Is SECRETARY ALBRIGHT because national security is “not her strong point.” A MEDIA INVENTION? “Albright should re-think her posi¬ Secretary of State Madeleine tions, and her allies in the press should Albrights reputation as a tough-minded join in,” concludes Corry. “There is a hawk, and “the best of both genders,” is contradiction between realistic defense largely a media invention, says John needs and the urge to move soldiers Corry, writing in the February American around on some sort of global game- Spectator. Deriding Newsweek and Time board.” laudatory stories that described “For the extra¬ Albrights tenure at the United Nations, decisions on Bosnia and involvement REPORT SHOWS STATE ordinary indi¬ with the departure of U.N. Secretary vidual who General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Corry As 'ANACHRONISTIC’ wants more says the press has romanticized her Throwing more money at the State because she is the first woman to serve Department budget won’t solve all the than a job, as secretary of State — but that journal¬ Foreign Service’s problems, according this is a ists got it wrong. to an article in the Jan. 27 U.S. News and “Lost in the general gushing — even World Report, in which Tim unique career. Jesse Helms and the New Republic Zimmermann reports that many current ... Tins is the found common ground there — was any and former FSOs describe the Foreign real analysis of Albrights foreign-policy Service as an anachronistic, hidebound clandestine beliefs,” he wrote. As evidence, he ques¬ bureaucracy. service, the tions Albrights often repeated state¬ “Much of what diplomats actually do ment that capitulation to Hitler at day to day — especially sending vital human Munich had shaped her foreign-policy Washington long, analytical cables element of beliefs. Only one reporter — Richard detailing the political situation in the Grenier of the Washington Times — countries they are posted to — is an intelligence asked why, if Albright is such a hawk, almost 19th-century anachronism in this collection." she threw her lot in with the doves of day of rapid global communication,” he the Chnton administration, Corry wrote. wrote. American diplomats send “The answer, of course, is that Washington 2.5 million cables and 25 Albright is hardly a hawk,” he noted. “As million e-mails each year, “even though — CIA RECRUITING a member of the Democratic foreign- the chances of a routine cable’s being 11), THE ECONOMIST, policy establishment, she supported a read at the State Department by anyone nuclear freeze, opposed the Gulf War, of importance — if at all — are so low I S REPORTED it) THE and advocated deep cuts in defense that many authors resort to humor and WASHINGTON TIMES, spending.” other catchy marketing techniques [to Corry also has harsh words for get them read],” he reported. Still, he JAN. 7 Albright’s handling of the Boutros-Ghali says that cables rarely go beyond the resignation, calling it “a personal conventional wisdom or reporting news vendetta and not diplomacy,” and warns that is duplicated by CNN. that she does not have a realistic Zimmermann describes an institution approach to the use of the military still driven by Cold War priorities and

12 FOREIGN SERVICE ] OU RN AL/M ARC H 1997 CLIPPINGS

out of touch with emerging global con¬ Because it led to a loss of life, cerns of the economy, organized crime [Makharadzes case] calls for a judicial and the environment. He also predicts resolution. Mr. Shevardnadze has never that changing its priorities will not be stood rigidly by diplomatic custom. It is easy as long as the “ambassador track” nice to see he has lost none of the nerve runs through geographic bureaus — and principle that made him such a dis¬ which deal with specific regions of the tinguished statesman,” editorialized The world — and not through multifunction¬ New York Times on Jan. 11. YEARS AGO al bureaus charged with broad responsi¬ In an editorial the same day, The bilities, such as human rights and the Washington Post concurred that lifting environment. diplomatic immunity was the correct “Meanwhile, the business of repre¬ response to this case because “the treaty “Our weaknesses in senting America directly to the people of of diplomatic immunity doesn’t absolve the realm of propaganda other countries — arguably a more cru¬ diplomats of the need to respect local are in the follow-up, in cial function than ever in the world today law, and it allows for the voluntary waiv¬ seeing that the facts — is looked down on as the lowest spot in ing of immunity when a country thinks about our way of life the pecking order,” writes Zimmermann. that’s appropriate. If Mr. Makharadze is and our purposes get “Consular tasks like issuing visas are gen¬ indeed guilty of drunken and negligent down to the grass-roots erally assigned to young and inexperi¬ driving, this is such a case.” and sidewalks of the enced officers who view it as a rite of pas¬ In an editorial Jan. 14, The Boston world, in countering the sage to be suffered through.” Globe termed Shevardnzadze’s decision propaganda directed dangerous because it sets a dangerous against us,” wrote precedent. “It is infuriating that diplo¬ Newsweek magazine’s DEBATE CONTINUES mats should break laws with impunity Washington Bureau and simply be allowed to go home,” said Chief Ernest K. Lindley OVER ENVOY IMMUNITY the Globe. “But to pressure a country to in a guest editorial of The debate over diplomatic immuni¬ waive diplomatic immunity in a serious the March 1947 Foreign ty continued on the editorial pages of case such as die Makharadze affair is to Service Journal. major U.S. newspapers in January, fol¬ invite a backfire. ... Caving in to the “To do this requires lowing an announcement by Georgian emotions of the moment and breaking machinery and money President Eduard Shevardnadze that he such an important rule as diplomatic — not much compared was prepared to waive diplomatic immunity sets a bad precedent that will to our military establish¬ immunity for Gueorgui Makharadze, a come back to haunt this country.” ment — but more than Georgian diplomat stationed in we are using now. ... Washington, D.C. Makharadzes reck¬ Our propaganda should less driving and possible drunkenness US POLICY SLAMMED be based on the truth, as were reportedly the cause ol a Jan. 3 we honestly see it. five-car auto accident in which a 16- ON HUMAN RIGHTS Truthful propaganda, year-old girl died. Human rights activists criticized the moreover, is the only Both The Washington Post and The Clinton administration for courting kind of open propagan¬ New York Times praised Shevardnadze’s some countries even though their da which a democratic decision. “There was good reason for human rights abuses were documented government can use Mr. Shevardnadze to break with normal in the State Department’s annual effectively.” precedent in this case. ... Human Rights Report, released Jan. 30.

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 13 CLIPPINGS

“It was clear from the massive report... active at year’s end,” according to the that while concern over rights abuses report. and restrictions on freedom are the Lippman points out that the Clinton determining factor in relations with administration woos China, while ostra¬ “A state some countries — notably Cuba and cizing Cuba for similar' violations, a posi¬ worthy' of the Burma — they are often subordinated tion Assistant Secretary for Human to economic and strategic interests,” Rights John Shattuck says reflects the name has no wrote Thomas W. Lippman in The need to treat each country differently. Washington Post on Jan. 31. “Every country is different in this world friends — Strategic and economic concerns fig¬ and every country needs to be treated in only interests. ure most prominently in the case of our foreign policy with a particular China, where Secretaiy of State approach,” he said. Madeleine Albright, Vice President Al “The administration’s policies often — CHARLES DE Gore and President Clinton have all don’t follow the State Department’s planned visits even though the report findings,” was the comment from the GAL LEE. FRENCH cited China for widespread abuses, New York-based Lawyers Committee wrote Lippman. In China, “all public for Human Rights. The report also criti¬ PRESIDENT, dissent against ... the government was cized U.S. allies Turkey, Egypt, Israel 1959-1969 effectively silenced by intimidation, and Pakistan as well as Saudi Arabia, exile, tire imposition of prison terms, Indonesia, Cuba, Haiti, Nigeria, the administrative detention or house Palestinian Authority and Russia for arrest. No dissidents were known to be their human rights violations. B

Hotel hassles can he a thing of the past. Introducing Washington's corporate housing alternative. Luxuriously furnished one and two bedroom suites offering the amenities of a hotel with all the expected comforts of home. Don't just rent a room, live in a fully equipped, richly decorated apart¬ ment home for about half the cost. Flexible 30-day leases, corporate billing, and house-keeping available. For more information, call our offices at (703) 243-8595. Lincoln Towers SPEAKING OUT Contracting ‘Traditional’ JO Jobs Could Save $16 Million Annually

B r JONATHAN H ENICK

Looking for adventure and excite¬ of-living allowances, differential pay, ment? Want to travel to exotic locales rest and recuperation (R&R) trips, and experience foreign cultures? Reform would home leave and the transportation of Now is your chance! The U.S. their household effects and auto. Department of State is looking for a make the Foreign In spite o ( these cosdy benefits and few good men and women to repre¬ training, many initial assignments sent the United States overseas. The Service more cost- leave JOs embittered and frustrated. following embassies and consulates Some resent die mind-numbing work have two-year vacancies for con¬ efficient and in the apdy-dubbed visa mills, usually sular, administrative, political and a JOs first stop, or their lack of policy economic officers. Please examine the effective, as well as input. Others are dissatisfied when requirements for each job, such as their geographic locales aren’t what U.S. citizenship and foreign language more accessible to they wanted, or simply don’t turn out skills. Applications may be requested to be as interesting as expected. These by calling the State Department at a wider range of early experiences can lead to a sense of (202) 647-4000. malaise and neglect, and, in some officer candidates. cases, to early resignation. Though Sound appealing? Such an adver¬ some officers are asked to reimburse tisement undoubtedly would the U.S. government for a portion of attract droves of applicants, tiieir training and transportation costs including those interested in Foreign if diey resign within the first two years, Sendee careers and countless others Department training is remarkably not all sums are collected. seeking only short-term opportunities. comprehensive. The average first-tour Such resignations are incredibly By opening up hundreds of positions officer, after completing a nine-week costly for the Department of State, now held by junior officers (JOs) to a introductory A-100 course, goes on to tiiough it’s generally accepted as one wider range of talent, the Department take a two-week course covering tire of the inherent costs of a personnel of State could save millions of taxpay¬ country of his assignment, up to 24 system that develops a corps of dedi¬ er dollars a year, increase personnel weeks of language training, five weeks cated and talented officers. flexibility and boost morale at of consular training and, for some, 12 embassies around tire world. weeks of administrative training. As is Given die sobering realities of bud¬ The department goes to great pains the case with most employees, JOs are get restrictions, it is perhaps time to introduce new JOs to the Foreign reimbursed for housing and living to question the implicit assumption Service lifestyle and to prepare them expenses while taking these courses — that the estimated 400 JO positions adequately for their first assignments. up to 52 weeks’ worth — at the overseas be staffed only by career- Compared to odier diplomatic ser¬ Foreign Service Institute (FSI) in track professionals. vices in the world, initial State Arlington, Va. Many embassies and consulates Once actually assigned to a country', have already been forced to cut posi¬ Jonathan Henick, a junior FSO, is despite remaining on probation as tions reserved for junior officers or an economic officer at U. S. Embassy untenured officers, JOs are entitled to endure large staffing gaps. To fill those Lisbon. His first tour was at U.S. the same benefits as dreir tenured col¬ gaps, personal service contractors Embassy Tashkent. leagues, including free housing, eost- (PSCs) or Foreign Sendee spouses

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 15 # • SPEAKING OUT LEADERSHIP

Interdisciplinary doctoral program for working professionals.

- Ph.D. in Educational Leadership focusing on rapid have been hired — at lower per-hour costs than JOs — to supplement the organizational change. staff. Enough posts have been pleased - Course work can be completed in: with these employees’ performance that die practice has spread through- * 2 years with year-round classes or out the Foreign Service. * 4 years with only six-week summer terms. In many cases, there really is no - A Jesuit educational tradition which develops the whole discernible difference between the abilities of a JO and those of a spouse person, with an emphasis on values and service to others. or locally-hired PSC. In otiier cases, - A university which is nationally acclaimed for quality an experienced Foreign Service spouse or a language-capable local- - Located in the beautiful Pacific Northwest hire American can contribute valu¬ able skills that many JOs cannot yet For information: offer. Many local hires have better James Beebe, Ph.D. (retired FSO) language skills and in-depdi country Doctoral Studies, School of Education Gonzaga University knowledge and many FS spouses Spokane, WA 99258-0025 have familiarity with the organiza¬ (509) 328-4220 ext 3484 tional structure and the lifestyle of GONZACA [email protected] the embassy community abroad. UNIVERSITY http://www.soe.gonzaga.edu/doctoral This process could be taken a few steps further by eliminating the exist- ing JO system and converting those positions worldwide into slots for contract hires. These positions could then be filled using a variety of means including: hiring spouses and local Americans, recruiting young American professionals from univer¬ sities and graduate schools and advertising in appropriate publica¬ tions across the United States. Each job would be designated as a two- year contract demanding specific FARA qualifications and carrying a speci¬ Foreign Affairs Recreation Association fied salary. Obviously, many of the FARA Housing Division, jobs would require the applicant to Managed by ECMC have language skills and have com¬ 610 Bashford Lane, Alexandria, VA 22314 pleted a consular-training course. Ph: (703) 684-1825 Fax: (703) 739-9318 Where necessary, the system could incorporate flexibility in salary We are proud to provide the best hotel values in the Washington, DC levels to attract applicants to hard- metropolitan area! You can choose from properties offering studios, to-fill jobs or to appeal to a more one bedroom, 2-bedroom apartments, suites & hotel rooms. experienced and talented applicant Our locations have unique proximity to FSI, State Department, the pool and contracts could be extend¬ Pentagon, NFATC, National Airport, Old Town , Alexandria, ed or transfers could be offered to White House and Georgetown particularly talented employees. In addition, contract employees could For more information call for features and rates of participating FARA hotels. take language training and profes¬ sional courses overseas, much less

16 FOREIGN SERVICE J O V RN A L! M ARC H 1997 FREE APARTMENT LOCATORS APARTMENT SEARCHING? expensive than Washington-based We Make It Fast and Easy ... and It's Absolutely FREE! training. • Whether you’re looking for a month to month, 3 month, 6 month or 12 month These contract employees would lease, furnished or unfurnished, apartment, or townhouse, our service has it all. be personnel who knowingly sought • Many apartments priced to work with your per diem allowance out specific assignments in specific • Communities close to Metro and some with shuttle transportation provided locations because diey have a particu¬ • Apartment Search transportation service to assist you with your search • 5 Convenient locations to serve you lar interest in the job or locale. The skills and talents of these employees Contact your nearest State Over 200,000 Choices would match or even exceed those of Department assigned on Color Video Certified Consultant: Save Time and Money inexperienced JOs. ARUtTMENT Additionally, large numbers of D.C.: Lesha Propes 1-800-260-3733 Apartments and Townhouses recent American university and grad¬ All Prices and Locations uate school graduates may elect to FAX: 202-483-8318 serve their country overseas, as many No. VA: Wendi Cadogan SEARCH. Open 7 Days and 4 Evenings do by joining the Peace Corps. The 1-800-410-3733 Helping People Call Toll Free: Corps offers a monthly living stipend FAX: 703-848-9387 Find Their Way of about $50 to $300, depending on MD: Dick Atamian Home Since 1965 1-800-989-3733 the country of assignment, and $200 a 1-800-480-3733 http://www.apart- mentsearch.com month for each month abroad. That FAX: 301-951-0293 sum is collected in Washington at the Apartment Search has offices to serve you in Baltimore, Detroit, end of the tour, which is usually two Kansas City Minneapolis/St. Paul, and Washington, D.C. years. In comparison, a contract to work in an overseas embassy would be a more lucrative alternative. Each post could request specific skills and experience in a competitive fHow to Buy Auto Insurance Overseas^ hiring process. Imagine, for example, There’s really only one way. Select the agent who offers broad experience and a high an embassy motor pool supervisor with level of repeat business. Experience that helps you avoid the pitfalls of a highly com¬ plex business. Repeat business that results from providing what’s best for the customer mechanical, automotive and manager¬ - not the agent nor the insurance company. ial experience, someone who would Since 1969, Harry M. Jannette International has provided dependable coverage with rarely, if ever, apply to the Foreign U.S. carriers with a financial rating of A+ or higher to thousands of Foreign Service per¬ Service under the current system. sonnel worldwide. Thus you gain the broadest U.S. terms and conditions and flexible value limits often not available from other insurance carriers. ther intangible benefits would O • WORLDWIDE COVERAGE Fire, theft, comprehensive and collision protection are include the positive impact that available at foreign posts. these opportunities have in attracting • U.S. AUTO LIABILITY Available for short term on home leave, change of assignment, additional talent to the career Foreign and new auto purchase prior to foreign departure. This coverage may be issued in Service ranks. The current internship combination with an “Embassy Plan” policy. program seeks to encourage interest • OCEAN/AIR CARGO COVERAGE Transit available from U.S. to post, post to post, and in a Foreign Service career, but can post to U.S. only attract university and graduate • FOREIGN LIABILITY We suggest contacting your post on arrival. Local laws require students who can afford to take an specific limits and coverage. Pricing is normally best on site. unsalaried position. By opening up • CONTACT US TODAY Let us send you “the Embassy Plan” brochure. these salaried, junior Foreign Service positions to a wide range of applicants, Harry M. Jannette International the Department of State could expect A Wood-Wilson Company to attract more talented and experi¬ 8111 LBJ FREEWAY, Suite #585 DALLAS, TEXAS 75251-1334 enced applicants. TELEPHONE: (972- 783-4915 FAX: (972) 783-0545 Another potential advantage to CALL: (800) 256-5141 E-MAIL: [email protected] the system would be to liberate

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 17 SPEAKING OUT

these positions from the rigidities The cost-savings inherent in such eliminated by the need to provide imposed by the cyclical personnel reforms — an estimated $16 mil¬ additional training or housing and process. Because these positions lion a year, according to my estimates salary supplements in countries where would no longer be incorporated — are immediately apparent. The it would otherwise be impossible to into tire career officer track, there department should be able to save staff such positions, the net savings for would be no need to align them on funding in training, transportation, 400 such positions would still be con¬ summer or off-cycle schedules. This travel, salaries and other benefits. To siderable. None of this includes, of would ease some of the administra¬ illustrate this point, consider the fol¬ course, the additional savings in per¬ tive burdens associated with perfor¬ lowing potential savings for a single sonnel and administrative overhead mance evaluation deadlines, assign¬ such position: Assume a contractor for recruitment, testing and managing ment paneling and large turnovers in earns $35,000 a year, without benefits JO positions. It is assumed these sav¬ the summer. associated with a JO job, such as ings would be redirected to the new Individual embassies and con¬ housing, of $24,000 for two years; need for more extensive recruitment sulates would also be free to shift the shipment of household effects to and and advertising efforts. Nevertheless, I responsibilities of these jobs to meet from assignment at $15,000; R&R estimate that total savings could be fluctuating workloads at post. For costs of $1,500; cost-of-living well over $16 million a year. example, a position could be defined allowances and other differentials, of Additional savings would also likely as consular and economic, with tire an estimated $10,500 for two years; accrue at the mid and senior levels of contractor working in the Consular and training costs of $35,000. That is tire Foreign Service due to lower vol¬ Section during the summer peak a total of $86,000 in savings for a two- untary resignation and attrition rates. season and in the Economic Section year assignment. Naturally, a significant number of during the slower winter months. Even if some of these savings are FSOs admitted to the tenure track

Authorized Exporter Serving the Appliances Diplomatic Community Since 1947

We can provide a full line of GE major appliances in 220 voltage, locally warehoused for speedy delivery.

We also carry:

Multi-system TV's Air conditioners and VCR’s Transformers Dual voltage GE replacement stereos parts Small household appliances

General Electronics, Inc. 4513 Wisconsin Ave., NW • Washington, DC 20016 Phone (202) 362-8300 • Fax (202) 363-6538 [email protected]

18 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/MARCH 1997 SPEAKING Our

would be veterans of this new contract nance of an elite corps of well-round¬ tenured officer would have prior system. These officers with first-hand ed, talented personnel, but the exam¬ experience working in an embassy or experience should be less likely to ination could also help target those consulate overseas, and each would resign out of dissatisfaction with the with management and overseas expe¬ be less prepared than officers with system or rigors of overseas fife. rience. Eventually, however, one contract experience. This could be Resignations would still be common¬ critical advantage of this system ameliorated, however, by making a place, of course, among those without would be the development of a large more conscious effort to recruit offi¬ this experience and when officers group of people, who, having com¬ cers with relevant prior experience, leave for reasons other than simple pleted contract assignments at posts particularly management expertise, incompatibility with the lifestyle. overseas, would have directly applica¬ and exposure to life overseas. Such reform would, of course, ble experience and first-hand knowl¬ Another possible disadvantage have a major impact on tire existing edge of the Foreign Service system could be the adverse effect on morale hiring and personnel system. Would and lifestyle. Moreover, the depart¬ created by such a two-tiered person¬ the entrance exam still be needed? ment could also request contract nel system. Realistically, however, in How would this affect intake for the employees’ on-the-job evaluations for any system with a tenure track, middle and senior levels of the use in assessing a mid-level candi¬ including the one now in use, such Foreign Sendee? The immediate dates career potential. effects are virtually unavoidable. result, of course, would be the need to In sum, refonn of this type could refonn middle-level recruitment to There are, of course, a number of make the Foreign Service more cost- target older, more experienced pro¬ disadvantages associated with efficient and effective, as well as more fessionals. The entrance exam could such reform. An obvious example is accessible to a wider range of officer be presented to ensure the mainte¬ that not everyone hired as a mid-level candidates. ■

WHEN YOU’REDU’RE Relocating BE SURE

TO COME TO THE RIGHT PLACE Come to OORT for all your relocation needs. You'll find an extensive,selection of brand name, quality furniture, housewares, and electronics. Lease terms are flexi¬ ble, and our inventory is available for immediate delivery. Our knowl¬ edgeable staff can even assist you in your housing selection—they have extensive! apartment community and real estate contacts. So, when yoifire relocating, make one stop: CORT furniture Rental. CORT FURNITURE RENTAL

America’s National furniture Rental Company,M Alexandria, VA: (703) 379-8846 Chantilly.'VA: (703) 818-2660 Tysons Corner, VA: (703) 790-8338 Washington, DC: (202) 223-9241 Rockville. MD: (301) 881-7388 Baltimore, MD: (410) 625-2755

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 19 Focus ON HONG KONG

A CITY FACING TURMOIL

As HANDOVER NEARS, POLICY CONFLICTS LOOM WITH US, UK

he following edited excerpt is based on a recent roundtable discussion with Arthur Hummel (A.H.), U.S. ambassador to China from 1981-1985; Don Anderson (D.A.), for¬ mer president of the U.S.-China Business Council and retired FSO who was consul general in Hong Kong from 1986-1990; and Mike Jendrzejczyk (M.J.), Washington director of Human Rights Watch/Asia. The discussion was moderated by David Hitchcock (Q), a retired FSO with the U.S. Information Agency who has 26 years of expe¬ rience in East Asia, is a member of the Journal’s Editorial Board, and is now senior associate with the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C.

20 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/MARCH 1997 Focus

“How will the U.S. government walk this tightrope between good

relations with Beijing — constructive engagement — while discouraging erosion of Hong Kong institutions?”

— DAVID HITCHCOCK, RETIRED FSO AND EAST ASIA SPECIALIST

Q: PERHAPS THE MOST FUNDAMENTAL ISSUE IS THE MOST RECENT ONE SETTING UP A PROVISIONAL LEGISLA¬ POLITICAL ISSUE: HOW MUCH AUTONOMY WILL TIVE COUNCIL TO BECOME EFFECTIVE IN JULY, HAVE

HONG KONG END UP WITH? SOME BELIEVE CHINA IS CAUSED SOME PEOPLE TO BELIEVE THAT CHINA IS

BEGINNING TO RETREAT FROM THE 1990 BASIC LAW FOR ALREADY RETREATING FROM THE GENERAL CONCEPT.

HONC. KONG AND VARIOUS AGREEMENTS BETWEEN CHINA

AND GREAT BRITAIN. M.J.: I’m not so optimistic. In fact, chances look increasingly slim that Hong Kong will enjoy a high D.A.: I think Hong Kong will continue to have a fair¬ degree of autonomy. I think China’s actions in recent ly high degree of autonomy. I must confess, however, that months, direatening press freedom, setting up a provi¬ recent actions taken by both Hong Kong and the PRC in sional legislature last Dec. 21 — and I would add not a the last year have been troubling. Nevertheless, while word about such a legislature is contained in either the there will be more restrictions than I had hoped for on Joint Declaration of 1984, which is registered at the U.N. political freedoms and freedom of expression, in terms of as an international treaty, or in the Basic Law — and Hong Kong’s economy and its general structure, I think odier steps taken by China, are already gready under¬ probably it isn’t going to change that much. mining any confidence that China will adhere to its fun¬ damental commitments on Hong Kong. A.H.: I think Hong Kong’s economy is going to From my recent visits diere and conversations widi remain in very good shape. The Chinese understand the business people, diplomats, legislators and odiers, I think economy very well, they’re heavy investors in Hong many in Hong Kong believe restrictions on freedom of Kong, and it’s to their very strong advantage and in their information and freedom of expression will have some interest to make die economy work. impact on Hong Kong’s ability to function freely and On the political side, diere are a lot more questions as openly economically. to whedier China understands the linkage between a free The selection committee has chosen C.H. Tung as and open press and a free and open economy. I drink die chief executive. He has said diat the provisional legisla¬ questions and the worries are going to surround die polit¬ ture will begin meeting across the border from Hong ical side radier dian die economic side of Chinas influ¬ Kong and will begin preparing laws after July 1, but actu¬ ence, and maybe interference, in Hong Kong. ally diey began their preparation even before the provi¬ sional legislature was in place, which means you basically Q: IN THE BASIC: LAW, THERE WERE COMMITMENTS have two competing legislatures. WITH RESPECT TO AUTONOMY OF HONC; KONC: AND And what is most worrisome to the Hong Kong Bar THE GOVERNANCE OF HONG KONG FOR 50 YEARS. SINCE Association and many others in Hong Kong, is that some

THEN, GOV. CHRIS PATTEN AND THE HONG KONG LEGIS¬ of the initial legislation adopted, such as an anti-subver¬

LATION COUNCIL MADE THIS BODY A FULLY ELECTED ONE. sion law, that is called for under Article 23 in die Basic

IN 1991, THEY ALSO APPROVED A NEW BILL OF RIGHTS FOR Law, could criminalize all kinds of activity now protected

HONG KONG. FROM CHINA’S POINT OF VIEW, THESE ARE under international human rights provisions. The revision VIOLATIONS OF THE BASIC LAW. NOW BOTH SIDES ARE of die 1991 Bill of Rights of Hong Kong and repeal of its CHARGING THE OTHER WITH VIOLATIONS. ACTIONS BY key provisions has already been proposed by the Chinese

CHINA IN THE LAST SEVERAL YEARS, PARTICULARLY THE provisional legislature, as well as restoration of some of die

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 21 Focus

most draconian colonial sedition laws. The most funda¬ So die Chinese are reacting against what they say were mental question is, if there is going to be an election, as has British violations of some parts of the Basic Law. The been indicated, in a year’s time, when will such an election British tiirew the Chinese a bunch of curve balls tiiat have take place? What would be the ground rules ? resulted, I’m afraid, in overreaction on China’s part. I think Hong Kong faces a constitutional crisis on the provisional legislature in die next few months. Growing D.A.: The Chinese have said over and over again that concern among journalists that the self-censorship that Hong Kong didn’t have democracy for 150 years, why all has already taken root in much of die Chinese-language of a sudden now? And diey’re very suspicious of the press is likely to spread, as well as die possibility that British motives in introducing tiiis new democracy. there will be direct action by the Chinese against what diey would consider subversive activity, whether that’s A.H.: But let’s be clear, as well, that much of the basis advocating independence for Tibet or making state¬ of China’s paranoia is that an open, free, and more demo¬ ments about Taiwan. I mean, Qian Qichen, the Chinese cratic Hong Kong could be die basis for social unrest foreign minister, said in October that criticism of diroughout southern China. I mean, diere is growing con¬ Chinese leaders will not be tolerated by the media. That, cern about die disparity between rich and poor, the huge of course, had a resounding effect in the Hong Kong populations of migrant laborers flooding into South China, media. and die problem of corruption, tiiat tiiis is a kind of tin- derbox. If Hong Kong enjoys too much openness and D.A.: I diink the special legislature was a mistake, on the political toleration, and even presents a kind of model of part of die Chinese, and I think it is probably damaging to democratic rale, tiiat tiiis could be a basis of subversion the confidence in Hong Kong. On die odier hand, Tung diroughout die region. Chee-hwa has said that he wants to hold elections early in This is, I diink, related to China’s intention to establish a 1998. garrison in Hong Kong of 10,000 from the People’s Frankly, I am less concerned about the activities of this Liberation Army as of July 1. Now' diere is pending before provisional legislature than I am about, for example, the the National People’s Congress a draft garrison law tiiat maintenance and strengthening of die legal system. An would give diem immunity under die Hong Kong court, independent judiciary and a common law legal system has because tiiey would only be accountable to military tribunals been the basis for a lot of Hong Kong’s prosperity and its back in Beijing. This is worrisome for a number of reasons, openness to outside business activities. The other tiling I because tiiis law' could be used to quell social unrest in Hong worry about is corruption. Kong, as well as maintain civil order, and widi no account¬ ability to die people or institutions of Hong Kong. A.H.: I am concerned about the judiciary and legal practices. All these questions revolve around Chinese M.J.: This is a point for dispute. China, of course, intentions, but they also revolve around what Hong blames Patten for disrupting the through train, as it was Kong used to be before the British, about the time Chris known, but die political reality was, following the 1989 Patten came out, began to change the whole playing massacre in Tiananmen Square, British authorities were field in a way that China — and I do not want to be under increasing pressure from the population of Hong upholding this point of view of China, but I do drink it’s Kong to provide greater protection, so that the fundamen¬ worth pointing out — the British violated a number of tal freedoms in Hong Kong would remain in place, and it the agreements by changing the ground rules. There did w'as in response to that pressure that Chris Patten intro¬ not used to be freedom of die press in Hong Kong until duced these rather limited legislative reforms. just a few years ago. The electorate was enormously So I think you have to give the British some credit for expanded by the British government. There were no perhaps doing too little too late, but I certainly wouldn’t direct elections, I believe, of any of the council members point to die legislative council as die main culprit. More before. There were some indirect elections, but not for importantly, what is at stake in Hong Kong really is depen¬ all the members. dent increasingly on Chinese intentions and their political

22 FOREIGN SERVICE J OU RN AL/M ARC H 1997 Focus

“The Chinese fear that ...if Iiong Kong enjoys too much openness and political toleration, and ... democratic rule, this could be a basis of subversion throughout the region. ” — ARTHUR HUMMEL, FORMER U.S. AMBASSADOR TO CHINA

will. The British have become a convenient scapegoat for increasingly away from being a manufacturing economy to Beijing, and, lets face it, they have a declining level of a service economy. This is sort of a natural development, influence. I think even Gov. Patten himself would but it is now the economic and financial center for all of acknowledge that. Soudi China — banking, transportation, insurance, die whole range of a service economy. A.H.: I really think that tire Chinese are hypersensitive on issues of sovereignty and democratization, and the Q: Is IT POSSIBLE THE INFLUENCE OF A FREE-MARKET British really were pushed into this position. ECONOMY, AND AT LEAST SOME POLITICAL FREE¬ DOMS LEFT IN PLACE, MAY INFLUENCE NOT ONLY

D.A.: I have talked to Chinese in Hong Kong — that is, GUANGDONG PROVINCE BUT MUCH FARTHER INTO CHINA PRC-type Chinese — and they said basically at that point, ITSELF? about all they were going to do is just take over die existing system and change die governor. What they wanted to do, I A.H.: I think the reverse is also true because of die drink, was inherit a colony. The British, at die tail end of die potential for a very great problem for Hong Kong with whole process, suddenly changed the whole ballgame, and the erosion of die border. The movement of very rich Hong Kong is not going to revert witii die colonial structure. Chinese and provincial officers and Chinese private quasi-government financial institutions and offices into A.H.: In other words, die Chinese expected to inherit Hong Kong, taking over more and more and using their not just die colonial structure, but all of the authoritarian influence — as the Chinese would say, their guangxi — aspects of die old colonial system that did not involve free¬ to get favored positions and to distort the economy in dom of press and freedom of assembly, so the Chinese ways that could be veiy damaging to Plong Kong. We’ve diink, righdy or wrongly, diat diey were double-crossed. already seen some of diis.

Q: IF THE CHINESE GOVERNMENT CONTINUES TO TRY TO M.J.: I would echo tiiat concern. From the business RETURN TO THE PRE-PATTEN STATUS FOR HONG people I’ve talked with in Hong Kong recently, there is an KONG, HOW WILL BUSINESS REACT? optimism with fingers crossed, and the greatest concern is over creeping corruption from across die border and ero¬ D.A.: Increasingly, Hong Kong’s economy is Chinese. sion of die rule of law with a gradual strangulation of free¬ By diat I mean Plong Kong Chinese. The old British dom of information flow. Taipans have now been replaced by extremely wealthy And die movement of people from the PRC would, Chinese Taipans, who have very close relationships with over a period of time, threaten to undermine the very base Beijing. of this tiiriving economy. On the flip side, I drink, as Don Hong Kong’s economy is doing extremely well, despite has pointed out, it’s also true diat it’s precisely because the all the uncertainty and concerns. The stock market is economy is so prosperous diat perhaps Chinas more prag¬ booming. The property market, usually a long-term indi¬ matic leaders will take somewhat of a hands-off attitude, cator of confidence, has never been higher. Hong Kong is recognizing diat if they kill the goose that lays die golden doing just fine. What has happened that is veiy fundamen¬ egg, they will pay a price. But it’s going to be a constant tal about Hong Kong’s economy is that it has moved tradeoff and balancing act.

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 23 Focus

Q: TO WHAT EXTENT DOES CHINA REALIZE THAT ITS D.A.: If China succeeds in the transition with Hong DEPENDENCE ON HONG KONG COULD BE UNDER¬ Kong, it isn’t going to have a tremendous effect promoting MINED IF POLITICAL ACTIONS ARE TAKEN THAT UNDERMINE reunification with Taiwan. If China, however, fails in its CONFIDENCE IN THE HONG KONG ECONOMY? transition with Hong Kong, that will have a very strong negative effect on Taiwan’s attitude. We have got to be M.J.: I don’t think diey do fully comprehend the conse¬ rather careful about analyzing the relationship among quences of their actions. I’m encouraged, however, that Taiwan, Hong Kong and the mainland in terms of tradi¬ some business people in Hong Kong and representatives tional Western democratic institutional relationships, of foreign-invested companies are trying to send these because the first people back into China after the clear signals back to Beijing now, before July 1, issuing a Tiananmen massacre were die Taiwanese. note of warning mid caution, “Be careful. Becognize that One of the concerns Hong Kong right now has is diat if there could be enormous ramifications and repercussions relations between Taiwan and the mainland continue to for what you’re doing.” But from what I’ve heard, the echo improve witii direct shipping and air links, it’s going to cut back from Beijing thus far has not been very encouraging, Hong Kong out as the middle man. that the Chinese leaders really do understand what’s at stake, and that China’s economic future is inextricably Q: LET’S TURN FOR A MOMENT TO THE U.S. CONGRESS, linked to its political future. WHICH HAS STRONG SUSPICIONS ABOUT WHAT’S GOING

ON IN HONG KONG. ONE LAW REQUIRES THE EXECUTIVE D.A.: I think among the top leadership, at least, there is BRANCH TO REPORT ANNUALLY ON THE STATE OF HUMAN very little question that they fully understand the impor¬ RIGHTS, RULE OF LAW, INDEPENDENT JUDICIARY, AND tance of Hong Kong, and Deng Xiaoping himself said he DEMOCRATIC AND FAIR ELECTIONS IN HONG KONG. HOW wants to create more Hong Kongs in China. WILL THE U.S. GOVERNMENT WALK THIS TIGHTROPE I think that the process of business talking to the top BETWEEN GOOD RELATIONS WITH BEIJING — CONSTRUC¬ leadership in China, not just foreign business, but Hong TIVE ENGAGEMENT — WHILE DISCOURAGING EROSION OF

Kong-Chinese businesspeople who can talk straight, has HONG KONG INSTITUTIONS? been going on for some time. It’s an extremely important process. D.A.: I opposed this legislation. I testified, but obvious¬ ly didn’t have much effect. On die economic side, we have Q: THE WHOLE IDEA OF TWO SYSTEMS, ONE COUNTRY, some tremendous interests. There are 37,000 Americans WAS WITH TAIWAN IN MIND, NOT HONG KONG; WHAT’S who live in Hong Kong. More than 1,000 American com¬ HAPPENED IS THAT IT’S BEING TESTED IN HONG KONG. panies are registered diere, and we have somediing like WHAT IS THE IMPACT GOING TO BE? $14 billion invested in Hong Kong. I diink we have a very legitimate and perfectly appropriate way to inform the A.H.: Taiwan’s attitude about the mainland is going to Chinese that we do have an interest in Hong Kong’s con¬ be determined in Taiwan by political events in Taiwan, and tinued prosperity and stability. these are stirring, it seems to me, in an ominous and wrong On die political and human rights side, it’s going to be direction at the moment. much more difficult. There is relatively little way we can Taiwan’s perception of the mainland will be in many direcdy influence, but I tiiink one thing that I was a part of, respects affected by what goes on in Hong Kong, but which has been, I think, a contributing element, is hying to since nobody in Taiwan is considering reunifying now help strengthen the rule of law. There have been a num¬ with the mainland, nor is the mainland expecting reuni¬ ber of conferences with die Chinese on the role of die legal fication in the near future, this is going to have only long¬ society, and I tiiink tiiis is helpful, it’s educational. It term effects. There are grave suspicions already among impresses on them die importance of having a legal struc¬ the people in Taiwan about the mainland. Some of these ture where die American business community can contin¬ suspicions will be reinforced as the PRC does what it ue to act, but I don’t diink there’s much we can do direct¬ does in Hong Kong. ly to influence China’s behavior.

24 FOREIGN SERVICE ]OVRNAL/MARCH 1997 Focus

I think you have to give the British some credit for perhaps doing too little too late, [but they] have become a convenient scapegoat for Beijing, and have a declining level of influence.”

— MIKE JENDRZEJCZYK, D.C. DIRECTOR, HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH/ASIA

M.J.: Fundamentally, the U.S. has a great deal of influ¬ limited importance diey have for die Chinese. We have ence, especially in this current trar sition period under way been conspicuously unable to get multilateral coordination in Beijing. The tilings that China wants most are entry into of pressures on China. Nobody follows us on pressures on die WTO [World Trade Organization], permanent MFN, China. It’s quite doubtful in my mind that the Chinese a summit meeting between President Jiang Zemin and actually want to join the WTO on the terms diat we are President Clinton, those are all potential levers that can be willing to offer, because die costs for diem of opening up used to encourage China to uphold its fundamental com¬ their markets would be enormous. They don’t know mitments towards Hong Kong. I was encouraged that the whether they really want to do this. And summit meetings: administration has yet to set a date for a presidential sum¬ Jiang Zemin can get along without them. mit meeting precisely because of the transition in Hong The United States has had a sharp ambivalence Kong, and I hope that tiiey will continue to put tiiat off. between two goals with China. One is to force them to My organization [Pluman Rights Watch/Asia] has urged change, and the other is to try and get along with them. Vice President [Al] Gore to delay his planned trip to The balance shifted radically toward force right after Beijing, in light of the fact that constructive engagement Tiananmen. We tried all kinds of things, sanctions of vari¬ has not resulted in any human rights improvements. Quite ous sorts, many of which still exist. They don’t get very far. die opposite. Not only did [former] Secretary [of State Certainly we haven’t gotten very far with human rights. Warren] Christopher return from Beijing last November Now it seems to me in die last year or so, when we were empty-handed, but there’s been a steady and continuing confronted with missiles in the Taiwan Straits, discussions deterioration of human rights. We diink to reward China of whether or not die United States might have to go to and to give die message diat this kind of behavior and its war with the PRC, over the future of Taiwan, all this has actions towards Hong Kong have no repercussions on caused a U.S. reevaluation: “Let’s try to get along widi U.S.-Sino relations, is counterproductive to U.S. interests. them.” The balance has shifted from pressures and forced So I tiiink there is a great deal of leverage. The United changes to trying to get along. Obviously tiiere has to be a States should also be acting multilaterally. The G-7 will be balance. The Chinese obviously are not feeling very much meeting in Denver in June, just a matter of weeks before the land of pressures diat we are threatening. die transition. I would hope die G-7 meeting, which die United States is hosting diis year, would result in, at die D.A.: A frequent observation of my colleagues who minimum, a veiy strong multilateral statement of support have visited China recendy is that its economy is booming, for die continuation of Hong Kong’s basic freedoms and that Chinese leaders widi whom they’ve dealt are, in some die rule of law. My understanding is diat nobody expects cases, almost arrogant. This climate is going to make it that permanent MFN has a realistic chance of getting any¬ much more difficult for us to threaten them with, say, hold¬ where in die Congress diis year, in light of this transition of ing up a meeting widi a trip by Al Gore or a summit meet¬ Hong Kong. It is useful to scrutinize China’s treatment of ing between Jiang Zemin and President Clinton. Hong Kong by continuing die annual review at least I agree with Art also on the WTO. We are seen by die through diis year, into next year. Chinese as the principal obstacle to dieir coming into die WTO on their tenns, but if they had to come in on our A.H.: I think you overstate the importance of these terms, diere’s serious disagreement in China as to whether levers; the American public doesn’t understand die very diey really would benefit from it.

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 25 Focus

M .J.: There is a revival of Chinese nationalism that clear¬ Even among friends of the United States in China who ly the Chinese authorities are stimulating and encouraging, know us very well there is a feeling diat the United States and a lot of that is directed against the United States. But really wants to contain China, hold back its development this is in part because what China wants at a political level, because of all die sanctions we’ve placed on them. This aside from its economic ambitions, is recognition as a great causes them to react in a nationalistic and arrogant way, power in the international arena, and in this regard I think and I like to say diat dieir level of Chinese arrogance is its entry into the WTO clearly would be in everyone’s long¬ beginning to approach our own. term interests, for China to become integrated into tire global trading system. But if China will not uphold its basic D.A.: I agree completely widi Art. Basically die prob¬ agreements on Hong Kong, is there any assurance that they lem, obviously, is that U.S. policy is made in the executive would follow die rules under the WTO? This is where I branch, its made in die legislative branch, and it’s covered think die rule of law and Chinas reliability as a trading part¬ by die judiciary, mid we have tried to explain diat to the ner is direcdy linked to its human rights performance. Chinese a thousand times, and Deng Xiaoping himself Whatever the United States does, there certainly is a said, ‘Who do you deal widi in the U.S. government?” I test now going on, and I think this is to some degree a lega¬ think diat Lee Teng-hui is a case in point. If die executive cy of Clintons disastrous backing-down on MFN after he branch were making the policy, diat visa wouldn’t have had threatened sanctions that he had no intention of been issued. When die president was told Congress would imposing, and tiien pulled back. The whole way in which pass something worse, he decided he’d cut his losses and diat was conducted, whether you agreed with the use of he’d go ahead and do it. This is die way we make policy, that direat or not, the whole way in which he backed down, and it is unpredictable. The Chinese are beginning to I diink raised real questions in Beijing whedier this admin¬ understand die unpredictability, but diey’re no better at istration has any political will. So you’ve seen a test of wills trying to predict it dian we are. between the two governments going on ever since dien. On some issues like IRP [intellectual property rights], M.J.: I agree that American credibility widi Beijing is at market access, the United States has taken a very tough an all-time low, and I diink this affects our ability to make bargaining position and it lias yielded some results. any serious impact on Chinese behavior in all diese areas, Certainly this broader tug-of-war will have some impact. I non-proliferation, trade, human rights mid how it goes widi agree, on how the U.S. concerns about Hong Kong will be regard to Hong Kong. I diink die U.S. policy is seen as very viewed in Beijing. reactive, has a very short-time horizon. The administration has yet to articulate a comprehen¬ Q: THE QUESTION AS TO CHINESE CONFIDENCE IN sive strategy and policy for successfully integrating China THEIR ABILITY TO PREDICT HOW THE U.S. WILL ACT into the international system mid rules governing behavior AND WHETHER THE U.S. ACTS CONSISTENTLY HAS BEEN AN in die areas of human rights, non-proliferation, trade. And ISSUE. THE VISA FOR LEE TENG-HUI, THE PRESIDENT OF absent diat kind of policy, you are going to get diese coun¬ TAIWAN, IS AN EXAMPLE. HOW DOES THE UNITED STATES tervailing tensions widi die administration, as I diink Ait MAINTAIN, WHATEVER THE STAND, A CONSISTENT POSITION said very well, responding to one set of actors one moment, so THAT CHINA CAN PLAN THEIR STRATECY ON THE B.ASIS OF one crisis one moment. It was Taiwan in '96, it may be THAT POSITION? Hong Kong in '97, who knows what it will be in '98. A.H.: Yoiu question about predictability of the United States is almost irrelevant. The United States has been Q: THE LEGISLATURE IS PROVISIONAL, AND UNIVERSAL unpredictable. Even Clinton has not been able to predict SUFFRAGE IS TO BE IN PLACE BY 2007. U.S. actions. This naturally raises all kinds of doubts among the Chinese. It contributes to their feeling of self-confi¬ D.A.: C.H. Tung has said diat he would like to see elec¬ dence, on the one hand, in their own economy and their tions early in 1998, so I would anticipate that there will not development. On the other hand, they have grave doubts be a terribly long period before die first election is held. As about American intentions. far as universal suffrage, 2007 is a fairly long way away to

26 FOREIGN SERVICE J O U RN AL/M ARC H 1997 Focus

U.S. policy is made in the executive branch, it’s made in the leg¬ islative branch, and it’s covered by the judiciary. ... This is the way we make policy, and it is unpredictable. ”

— DON ANDERSON, FORMER CONSUL GENERAL IN HONG KONG

try and predict. I wouldn’t rule it out at all, but its going to nitely has die best interest of Hong Kong at heart. He will depend a lot on political developments in Hong Kong and work hard to make Hong Kong work. He’s a good executive also political developments in Beijing, and how comfort¬ and he’s a very smart individual and a very smart business¬ able Beijing is with tire situation in Hong Kong. man, but to be absolutely honest, if Beijing was to lean on him, I don’t know diat diere’s much that can be done. M.J.: The pro-democracy forces in the legislature are taking a “wait and see” attitude, hoping that C.H. Tung will Q COMMENTS ON THE TRANSITION ITSELF? act in a pragmatic way, that he might even at some point be willing to engage in fruitful dialogue and discussion. There have been some meetings recently, for example, with A.H.: It’s going to be a very significant symbolic media Martin Lee, die head of die Democrat Party, diat won a event, and I fear diat diere are quite likely to be provoca¬ majority of die seats in die September 1995 elections, but I tions of the land designed to stimulate U.S. overreaction. think it’s premature to judge how C.H. Tung will behave. Some may be financed from Taiwan, which has its own I guess the concern tiiat I hear in Hong Kong from not interests in damaging die reputation of the PRC and its only die legislature council members, but others, is that by treatment of Hong Kong. Some may be stimulated by pro¬ the time elections take place, if they do take place in 1998, democracy elements in Hong Kong. which hopefully they will, the provisional legislature could have done quite a bit of damage by tiien in terms of the M .J.: I don’t anticipate any kind of dramatic crackdown. laws that it would enact, for example. What I think is more likely is a gradual process as China Secondly, the question of how other members of civil increasingly asserts its control over Hong Kong, a gradual society in Hong Kong, die trade union movement, reli¬ process of erosion of die basic freedoms and institutions. gious organizations, human rights organizations, church This is, of course, well under way. I don’t expect personal¬ groups, a wider range of non-governmental organizations, ly that diere will be, for example, the imminent arrest of or NGOs, to use a shorthand, how openly and freely they [prodemocracy activist] Martin Lee on July 1, but what I will be able to function, because though drey won’t have a am concerned about is a couple of points. One, the June 4 direct voice in the government of Hong Kong, die fact diat anniversary [of Tiananmen Square] has always been a very they are able to maintain their independence and freedom emotional and very important symbol. This coming June’s of movement and activity is crucial to maintaining die anniversary commemoration will be especially important overall political climate in Plong Kong. for the people of Hong Kong. Secondly, the final meeting of die Hong Kong legisla¬ DA I was really very pleased with the selection of C.H. ture is set for June 25, before it is abolished officially by the as the chief executive. Retaining Anson Chan has been wel¬ Chinese authorities, I tiiink diats going to be another comed. important symbolic moment diat will be marked not only When I was in Hong Kong in die late 1980s, C.H. was by die media and the legislature. What will happen when working very hard to get Iris company out from the brink of diousands of media leave Hong Kong and die internation¬ bankruptcy, and he was working seven days a week, and he al spotlight gradually dissipates? What will happen as the did succeed. Chinese assistance in diat was a factor. How focus of international attention shifts away from Hong independent he can be, I don’t know. I diink he very defi¬ Kong? That’s what I’m most worried about. ■

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 27 Focus ON HONG KONG

A CITY OF PROSPERITY

SUCCESS ‘FORMULA:’ US CAPITALISM WED To UK RULE OF LAW

By Ross H. Munro

ew Americans understand the importance of Hong Kong, which evolved from a war-ravaged port of 500,000 destitute residents in 1945 to the prosperous, shining city- state of 6 million it is today. But at the first press conference of President Clintons second term, he demon¬ strated he clearly understood the key role that one of the worlds most advanced economies, which evolved through a unique combination of personal freedom and economic opportunity, will play in the 21st century. The president’s words also underscored why all of America will be watching at midnight on June 30, when the British hand over their Crown Colony to China.

28 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/MARCH 1997 Focus

Hong Kong’s success can be defined by the breathtaking com¬ bination of a buccaneering, laissez-faire brand of capitalism with the predictability and fairness of the British rule of law.

“I would hope very much that [the Chinese the expected endorsement by the National People’s authorities] would look for ways to maximize the Congress, largely a rubber stamp. continuation not only of the economic system but of ■ The revelation that Beijing’s effort to build the personal freedoms that the people of Hong dossiers on Hong Kong residents is already well Kong have enjoyed in making it such an economic advanced. A senior civil servant was fired after engine,” he said. Clintons remarks, and no doubt reportedly giving Beijing’s agents the names of the question that generated them, were prompted 200,000 residents who had recently received British by a spate of heavy-handed actions by mainland passports, which would allow them to flee if a polit¬ China and its local supporters in the early weeks of ical situation deteriorates. 1997, as Beijing accelerated its efforts to assert its ■ The demands of Beijing to send more political power over the island. People’s Liberation Army (PLA) troops to Hong Beijing’s actions were carried out through the Kong well before the handover. Clearly one motive Preparatory Committee and the Provisional was to intimidate potential demonstrators at what Legislature, both effectively PRC tools. These promises to be a huge pro-democracy rally and actions in Beijing demolished the conventional wis¬ march in Hong Kong scheduled for the first week dom, shared by both optimists and pessimists in the of June, the anniversary of the Tiananmen Square U.S. business community of Hong Kong, that massacre. Chinese authorities would make eveiy effort to Most disturbing of all, perhaps, was what didn’t appear reasonable and moderate in the months happen: Tung Chee-hwa, picked by Beijing as Hong leading up to the handover. Even the pessimists Kong’s first chief executive, replacing the British who fear that the city-state will gradually but inex¬ governor, never once whispered his disagreement orably decline under Chinese rule hadn’t expected with Beijing’s heavy-handedness. His failure to grasp Beijing and its supporters, so quickly and so unam¬ this opportunity deepened fears that C.H. Tung, as biguously, to signal their determination to suppress he’s best known, was a Beijing puppet incapable of Hong Kong’s traditional freedoms. Those signals standing up for the people of Hong Kong. included: These developments deepened fears, expressed ■ The endorsement by Beijing’s handpicked 150- since 1984 when Britain agreed to abandon Hong member Preparatory Committee of the repeal or Kong in 1997, that comrades from the mainland amendment of no fewer than 25 laws protecting don’t understand what makes Hong Kong tick. The Hong Kong’s civil liberties. All that remained was comments of President Clinton, another culture and 12 time zones away, clearly are closer to the truth. Ross H. Munro is co-author, with Richard Bernstein, of The Coming Conflict with China, published last Hong Kong’s success can be attributed to a month by Alfred A. Knopf. After working for 15 years modest degree to such factors as the bless¬ as a journalist in Beijing, Hong Kong and elsewhere in ings of geography as well as political twists Asia, in 1990 he became di rector of the Asia Program and turns in China since 1949. of the Foreign Policy Research Institute in Above all, it is The Formula that must be credit¬ Philadelphia, ed for Hong Kong’s breathtaking success. What is

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 29 Focus

The Formula? It is a combination of a buccaneering Such analyses ignore the synergistic mix of all these and almost laissez-faire brand of capitabsm with the ingredients — in short, The Formula — that went stability, predictability and fairness of the British rule into making Hong Kong what it is today. of law. There have been few jurisdictions on earth In recent months I’ve heard American business¬ more hospitable to capitalism, yet individual compa¬ men in Hong Kong say in one breath that they’re fully nies have rarely won special favors: The regime in confident in Hong Kong’s future economic prosperity, Hong Kong has been self-consciously pro-market, dis¬ while expressing in the next — off the record of tinct from being pro-business. course — their fear that the Civil Service and the rule The overwhelming majority of Hong Kong’s bucca¬ of law will deteriorate after the PRC takeover. At best, neers were either British or, increasingly as the years they’re admitting that the PRC and its allies still don’t progressed, Chinese. Few individual buccaneers understand The Formula. At worst, they’re effective¬ themselves were Americans, even though many ly conceding that Hong Kong’s decline is inevitable. Americans over the years made a superb living work¬ ing for them. In recent decades, the core of the To understand how all the elements of The American community in Hong Kong has been com¬ Formula form a seamless web, let’s look at a posed of the well-paid employees of U.S. corporations hypothetical but far from implausible scenario: and financial institutions, as well as information and As the century draws to a close and Hong Kong media companies. These employers, in turn, chose begins its third year under PRC rule in the summer of Hong Kong as regional headquarters precisely 1999, a cyclical economic slowdown in China worsens because of the benefits provided by The Formula. and Hong Kong settles into its first serious and pro¬ Nowhere else in Asia have U.S. companies been longed economic downturn since the early 1970s. able to find all the assurances provided by the British The twin pillars of many fortunes made in Hong rule of law: a place where contracts are fairly Kong in recent decades — the stock market and real enforced; where the Civil Service is overwhelmingly estate — both crash as they have several times in the incorruptible; and where a court system is staffed with past. While veteran Hong Kong businesspeople competent and honest judges who rule fairly and pre¬ retrench or stoically lick their wounds, the crashes are dictably. Hong Kong’s low levels of taxation and regu¬ nothing less than traumatic for the new breed of lation are also crucial in luring American business. wheelers and dealers from China. Since they started For the United States, Hong Kong is its free port in making their mark in Hong Kong in the mid-1980s Asia in eveiy sense: not only can physical shipments of with backing from powerful political and economic goods move in and out of Hong Kong virtually unhin¬ interests in the PRC, they have never experienced dered and largely untaxed, so can money and infor¬ anything like this. On paper, many of them are wiped mation in all its forms. out. Even more distressed are their backers in China Indeed, at the height of Hong Kong’s golden era — who had provided initial investment funds by quietly roughly 1975 to 1984 — the colony was a political eye- shifting assets from state corporations or by drawing opener for many American residents for whom “free¬ on money they had illicitly deposited in secret over¬ dom and democracy” had previously been an indivisi¬ seas bank accounts. Suddenly these powerful people ble idea. Hong Kong was not democratic, but in most are very upset. ways it was much more free than the United States. One PRC-backed enterprise, ABC Cargo, is partic¬ In short, as the experience of the United States in ularly hard hit. Formed to create a new state-of-the-art Hong Kong shows, all the ingredients in The Formula warehousing and cargo-handling complex in Hong were essential to Hong Kong’s success. While its valid Kong, it has been a red chip company from the outset and useful for academics or journalists to look sepa¬ — with powerful and prestigious backers, both rately at how the economy or the legal system or the announced and unannounced, from the PRC. With its media may fare in Hong Kong under PRC rule, such connections, ABC Cargo seems to be in a perfect posi¬ exercises give us only limited insight into the future. tion for new cargo-handling to be funnelled its way.

30 FOflEfGN SERVICE JO URN AL/M ARC H 1997 AFSA CONGRESSIONAL DIRECTORY

105TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION, 1997

AFSA'S Executive Committee is pleased to provide this Congressional Directory. The information contained here will help our members speak directly to their elected officials.

American diplomacy in all its forms - this nation's first line of defense - has been non-competitive in the annual resource fight among the non-defense discretionary federal agencies. Congress and the Administration have reduced spending for the "150 International Affairs" Account by 50 percent in real terms from its Cold War high during the last decade. The American flag is being slowly low¬ ered around the world.

In the past four years, 36 diplomatic or consular posts, 10 USIA posts and 28 USAID missions have been closed. Consular, business and public affairs services to Americans have been cut and American leadership opportunities have been lost.

Your help is needed to demonstrate that Americans care about our nation's ability to provide world leadership. Our political leaders must hear from their constituents who believe that advance¬ ment and protection of U.S. interests abroad are critical to the nation and that this cannot be done "on the cheap." As Secretary of State Madeleine Albright recently noted, spending on all foreign affairs programs represents only about 1 percent of the federal budget, but" ... that 1 percent may well determine 50 percent of the history that is written about the era."

Your action is needed to demonstrate that a strong and active foreign affairs constituency exists. The job is easy: call or write your elected Congressional representatives. For your convenience, a pull-out letter on page 13 of this directory may be sent directly to your representative or used as a sample for your personal correspondence.

Here are the key elements in contacting your representatives: - Explain positions clearly and concisely. If referring to specific legislation, give the bill number. - Be brief. Limit your correspondence to one page, if possible. Postcards are fine. - Ask for a reply and for your legislator's position. - Contact legislators only as a private citizen. Official time and resources may not be used. - Give your name and address. - Use the proper address and salutation:

Honorable John Smith Honorable John Smith United States Senate United States House of Representatives (Room and Building) (Room and Building) Washington, D.C. 20510 Washington, D.C. 20515 Dear Senator Smith: Dear Representative Smith:

You have a valuable story to tell about the importance of diplomacy in the advancement and pro¬ tection of U.S. interests around the world. Thank you for acting.

AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION 2101 E Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037 Phone: (202) 338-4045 Fax: (202) 338-6820 E-mail: [email protected]

AFSA NEWS • MARCH 1997 1 AFSA CONGRESSIONAL DIRECTORY

MEMBER ROOM D.C. PHONE FAX NUMBER DISTRICT PHONE E-MAIL (area code 202 +) (area code 202 +) (if available)

ALABAMA (AL) Sen. Sessions, Jeffrey (R) B-34 Dirksen 224-4124 N/A (334) 265-9507 N/A Sen. Shelby, Richard C. (R) 1 10 Hart 224-5744 224-3416 (205) 759-5047 [email protected] Callahan, Sonny (R-01) 241 8 Rayburn 225-4931 225-0562 (205) 690-2811 [email protected] Everett, Terry (R-02) 208 Cannon 225-2901 225-8913 (205) 393-2996 [email protected] Riley, Robert (R-03) 1510 Longworth 225-3261 225-9020 (205) 236-5655 [email protected] Aderholt, Robert (R-04) 1007 Longworth 225-4876 225-1604 (205) 734-6043 N/A Cramer, Robert E. (D-05) 2416 Rayburn 225-4801 225-4392 (205) 551-0190 [email protected] Bachus, Spencer (R-06) 442 Cannon 225-4921 225-2082 (205) 969-2296 [email protected] Hilliard, Earl F. (D-07) 1314 Longworth 225-2665 226-0772 (205) 328-2841 N/A ALASKA (AK) Sen. Murkowski, Frank H. (R) 706 Hart 224-6665 224-5301 (907) 271-3735 [email protected] Sen. Stevens, Ted (R) 522 Hart 224-3004 224-2354 (907) 271-5915 [email protected] Young, Donald (R-ALL) 2111 Rayburn 225-5765 225-5765 (907) 586-7400 [email protected] AMERICAN SAMOA (AS) Del. Faleomavaega, Eni F.H. (DALLJ2422 Rayburn 225-8577 225-8757 (684) 633-1372 N/A ARIZONA (AZ) Sen. Kyi, Jon (R) 702 Hart 224-4521 224-2207 (602) 840-1891 [email protected] Sen. McCain, John (R) 241 Russell 224-2235 228-2862 (602) 952-2410 [email protected] Salmon, Matt (R-01) 115 Cannon 225-2635 225-3405 (602) 831-2900 [email protected] Pastor, Ed (D-02) 2465 Rayburn 225-4065 225-1655 (602) 257-9103 [email protected] Stump, Robert (R-03) 21 1 Cannon 225-4576 225-6328 (602) 379-6923 N/A Shadegg, John (R-04) 430 Cannon 225-3361 225-3462 (602) 263-5300 [email protected] Kolbe, James T. (R-05) 2205 Rayburn 225-2542 225-0378 (520) 881-3588 [email protected] Hayworth, John D. (R-06) 1023 Longworth 225-2190 225-8819 (800) 874-0467 [email protected] ARKANSAS (AR) Sen. Bumpers, Dale (D) 229 Dirksen 224-4843 224-6435 (501) 324-6286 [email protected] Sen. Hutchinson, Tim (R) 708 Hart 224-2353 228-3973 (501) 324-6336 e-mail N/A Berry, Marion (D-01) 1407 Longworth 225-4076 225-4654 (501) 972-4600 N/A Snyder, Vic (D-02) 1319 Longworth 225-2506 225-9273 (501) 324-5941 N/A Hutchinson, Asa (R-03) 1535 Longworth 225-4301 N/A (501) 442-5258 N/A Dickey, Jay (R-04) 2453 Rayburn 225-3772 225-1314 (501) 623-5800 [email protected] CALIFORNIA (CA) Sen. Boxer, Barbara (D) 112 Hart 224-3553 228-0026 (619) 239-3884 [email protected] Sen. Feinstein, Dianne (D) 331 Hart 224-3841 228-3954 (310) 914-7300 [email protected] Riggs, Frank (R-01) 1714 Longworth 225-3311 225-3403 (707) 254-7308 [email protected] Herger, Walter W. (R-02) 2433 Rayburn 225-3076 225-1609 (916) 893-8363 N/A Fazio, Vic (D-03) 2113 Rayburn 225-5716 225-5141 (916) 666-5521 [email protected] Doolittle, John T. (R-04) 1526 Longworth 225-2511 225-5444 (916) 786-5560 [email protected] Matsui, Robert T. (D-05) 2308 Rayburn 225-7163 225-0566 (916) 498-5600 [email protected] Woolsey, Lynn (D-06) 1439 Longworth 225-5161 225-5163 (415) 507-9554 [email protected] Miller, George (D-07) 2205 Rayburn 225-2095 225-5609 (510) 602-1880 [email protected] Pelosi, Nancy (D-08) 2457 Rayburn 225-4965 225-8259 (415) 556-4862 [email protected] Dellums, Ronald V. (D-09) 2108 Rayburn 225-2661 225-9817 (510) 763-0370 N/A Tauscher, Ellen (D-10) 1440 Longworth 225-1880 225-1868 (510) 945-8515 [email protected] Pombo, Richard (R-l 1) 1519 Longworth 225-1947 226-0861 (209) 951-3091 N/A Lantos, Thomas (D-l 2) 2217 Rayburn 225-3531 225-7900 (415) 342-0300 [email protected] Stark, Fortney H. (D-l 3) 239 Cannon 225-5065 226-3805 (510) 494-5852 [email protected] Eshoo, Anna G. (D-l 4) 308 Cannon 225-8104 225-8890 (415) 323-2984 [email protected] Campbell, Tom (R-l5) 2442 Rayburn 225-2631 225-6788 (408) 371-7337 [email protected] Lofgren, Zoe (D-l 6) 318 Cannon 225-3072 225-9460 (408) 271-8700 [email protected] Farr, Sam (D-l 7) 1117 Longworth 225-2861 225-6791 (408) 649-3555 [email protected] Condit, Gary (D-l 8) 2245 Rayburn 225-6131 225-0819 (209) 383-4455 [email protected] Radanovich, George (R-l 9) 213 Cannon 225-4540 225-5274 (209) 248-0800 [email protected] Dooley, Calvin M. (D-20) 1201 Longworth 225-3341 225-9308 (800) 464-4294 N/A

2 AFSA NEWS • MARCH 1997 AFSA CONGRESSIONAL DIRECTORY

MEMBER ROOM D.C. PHONE FAX NUMBER DISTRICT PHONE E-MAIL (area code 202 +) (area code 202 +) (if available)

CALIFORNIA (CON'T) Thomas, William M. (R-21) 2208 Rayburn 225-2915 225-8798 (209) 627-6549 N/A Capps, Walter (D-22) 1118 Longworth 225-3601 225-5632 (805) 730-7605 N/A Gallegly, Elton (R-23) 2427 Rayburn 225-5811 225-1 100 (805) 485-2300 N/A Sherman, Brad (D-24) 1 524 Longworth 225-5911 225-0092 (818) 906-0333 N/A McKeon, Howard P. (R-25) 307 Cannon 225-1956 226-0683 (805) 254-21 1 1 [email protected] Berman, Howard L. D-26) 2330 Rayburn 225-4695 225-5279 (818) 891-0543 N/A Rogan, James (R-27) 502 Cannon 225-4176 226-1279 (818) 792-6168 N/A Dreier, David (R-28) 237 Cannon 225-2305 225-7018 (818) 339-9078 [email protected] Waxman, Henry A. (D-29) 2204 Rayburn 225-3976 225-4099 (213) 651-1040 N/A Becerra, Xavier (D-30) 1119 Longworth 225-6235 225-2202 (213) 550-8962 N/A Martinez, Matthew G. (D-3 1) 2234 Rayburn 225-5464 225-4467 (818) 458-4524 N/A Dixon, Julian C. (D-32) 2252 Rayburn 225-7084 225-4091 (213) 678-5424 N/A Roybal-Allard, Lucille (D-33) 2435 Rayburn 225-1766 226-0350 (213) 628-9230 N/A Torres, Esteban E. (D-34) 2269 Rayburn 225-5256 225-971 1 (310) 695-0702 [email protected] Waters, Maxine (D-35) 2344 Rayburn 225-2201 225-7584 (213) 757-8900 N/A Harman, Jane (D-36) 325 Cannon 225-8220 226-0684 (310) 348-8220 [email protected] Millender-McDonald, Juanita (D-37)41 9 Cannon 225-7924 225-7926 (310) 884-9989 N/A Horn, Steve (R-38) 438 Cannon 225-6676 226-1012 (310) 425-1336 [email protected] Royce, Ed (R-39) 1 1 33 Longworth 225-4111 226-0335 (714) 992-8081 N/A Lewis, Jerry (R-40) 2112 Rayburn 225-5861 225-6498 (909) 862-6030 [email protected] Kim, Jay C. (R-41) 227 Cannon 225-3201 226-1485 (714) 572-8574 N/A Brown, George E., Jr. (D-42) 2300 Rayburn 225-6161 225-8671 (909) 825-2472 [email protected] Calvert, Kenneth (R-43) 1 034 Longworth 225-1986 225-2004 (909) 784-4300 N/A Bono, Sonny (R-44) 2207 Rayburn 225-5330 225-2961 (619) 320-1076 N/A Rohrabacher, Dana (R-45) 2338 Rayburn 225-2415 225-7067 (714) 847-2433 [email protected] Sanchez, Loretta (D-46) 1529 Longworth 225-2965 225-2762 (714) 836-1945 [email protected] Cox, Christopher (R-47) 2402 Rayburn 225-5611 225-9177 (714) 756-2244 [email protected] Packard, Ronald (R-48) 2372 Rayburn 225-3906 225-0134 (619) 631-1364 [email protected] Bilbray, Brian (R-49) 1530 Longworth 225-2040 225-2042 (619) 291-1430 [email protected] Filner, Bob (D-50) 330 Cannon 225-8045 225-9073 (619) 422-5963 N/A Cunningham, Randy (R-51) 2238 Rayburn 225-5452 225-2558 (619) 737-8438 N/A Hunter, Duncan L. (R-52) 2265 Rayburn 225-5672 225-0235 (619) 579-3001 N/A COLORADO (CO) Sen. Allard, Wayne (R) 716 Hart 224-5941 224-6471 (970) 522-1788 N/A Sen. Campbell, Ben Nighthorse (R)380 Russell 224-5852 224-1933 (303) 241-6631 N/A DeGette, Diana (D-01) 1 404 Longworth 225-443 1 225-5842 (303) 866-1230 N/A Skaggs, David E. (D-02) 1 1 24 Longworth 225-2161 226-3806 (303) 650-7886 [email protected] Mclnnis, Scott (R-03) 215 Cannon 225-4761 226-0622 (970) 245-7107 N/A Schaffer, Robert (R-04) 21 2 Cannon 225-4676 225-8630 (719) 384-7370 N/A Hefley, Joel (R-05) 2230 Rayburn 225-4422 225-1942 (719) 520-0055 N/A Schaefer, Daniel (R-06) 2160 Rayburn 225-7882 225-7885 (303) 762-8890 [email protected] CONNECTICUT (CT) Sen. Dodd, Christopher J. (D) 444 Russell 224-2823 224-1083 (860) 258-6940 [email protected] Sen. Lieberman, Joseph 1. (D) 316 Hart 224-4041 224-9750 (860) 549-8463 [email protected] Kennelly, Barbara B. (D-01) 201 Cannon 225-2265 225-1031 (860) 278-8888 N/A Gejdenson, Samuel (D-02) 1401 Longworth 225-2076 225-4977 (203) 886-0139 [email protected] DeLauro, Rosa (D-03) 436 Cannon 225-3661 225-4890 (203) 562-3718 N/A Shays, Christopher (R-04) 1502 Longworth 225-5541 225-9629 (203) 579-5870 [email protected] Maloney, James (D-05) 1213 Longworth 225-3822 225-5085 (203) 573-1418 N/A Johnson, Nancy L. (R-06) 343 Cannon 225-4476 225-4488 (860) 223-8412 N/A DELAWARE (DE) Sen. Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (D) 221 Russell 224-5042 224-0139 (302) 573-6345 [email protected] Sen. Roth, William V., Jr.(R) 104 Hart 224-2441 228-0354 (302) 573-6291 N/A Castle, Michael N. (R-ALL) 1227 Longworth 225-4165 225-2291 (302) 428-1902 [email protected]

AFSA NEWS • MARCH 1997 3 AFSA CONGRESSIONAL DIRECTORY

MEMBER ROOM D.C. PHONE FAX NUMBER DISTRICT PHONE E-MAIL (area code 202 +) (area code 202 +) (if available)

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (DC) Del. Norton, Eleanor Holmes (0-ALL) 1 -42-4 Longworth 225-8050 225-3002 (202) 783-5065 N/A FLORIDA (FL) Sen. Graham, Robert (D) 524 Hart 224-3041 224-2237 (305) 536-7293 [email protected] Sen. Mack, Connie (R) 51 7 Hart 224-5274 224-8022 (813) 275-6252 [email protected] Scarborough, Joe (R-01) 127 Cannon 225-4136 225-5785 (904) 479-1183 FLO 1 @hr.house.gov Boyd, Allen (D-02) 1 237 Longworth 225-5235 225-1586 (904) 785-0812 N/A Brown, Corrine (D-03) 1610 Longworth 225-0123 225-2256 (904) 872-0656 N/A Fowler, Tillie (R-04) 109 Cannon 225-2501 225-931 8 (904) 739-6600 N/A Thurman, Karen (D-05) 440 Cannon 225-1002 226-0329 (904) 336-6614 [email protected] Stearns, Clifford B. (R-06) 2352 Rayburn 225-5744 225-3973 (904) 326-8285 [email protected] Mica, John L. (R-07) 106 Cannon 225-4035 226-0821 (407) 860-1499 [email protected] McCollum, William (R-08) 2266 Rayburn 225-2176 225-0999 (407) 872-1962 N/A Bilirakis, Michael (R-09) 2369 Rayburn 225-5755 225-4085 (813) 441-3721 [email protected] Young, C. W. Bill (R-10) 2407 Rayburn 225-5961 225-9764 (813) 893-3191 N/A Davis, James (D-l 1) 327 Cannon 225-3376 225-8016 (813) 870-2101 N/A Canady, Charles T. (R-12) 2432 Rayburn 225-1252 225-2279 (813) 688-2651 [email protected] Miller, Dan (R-l 3) 102 Cannon 225-5015 226-0828 (941) 951-6643 millerl [email protected] Goss, Porter J. (R-l 4) 108 Cannon 225-2536 225-6820 (941) 774-8060 N/A Weldon, Dave (R-l 5) 216 Cannon 225-3671 225-9039 (407) 632-1776 fla [email protected] Foley, Mark (R-l 6) 113 Cannon 225-5792 225-1860 (407) 627-6192 N/A Meek, Carrie (D-l 7) 401 Cannon 225-4506 226-0777 (305) 381-9541 N/A Ros-Lehtinen, lleana (R-l 8) 2240 Rayburn 225-3931 225-5620 (305) 262-1800 N/A Wexler, Robert (D-l 9) 1609 Longworth 225-3001 225-8791 (407) 732-4000 exlerl [email protected] Deutsch, Peter (D-20) 204 Cannon 225-7931 225-8456 (954) 437-3936 [email protected] Diaz-Balart, Lincoln (R-21) 404 Cannon 225-4211 225-8576 (305) 470-8555 N/A Shaw, E. Clay, Jr. (R-22) 2408 Rayburn 225-3026 225-8398 (407) 832-3007 N/A Hastings, Alcee L. (D-23) 1 039 Longworth 225-1313 225-0690 (407) 684-0565 [email protected] GEORGIA (GA) Sen. Cleland, Max (D) 463 Dirksen 224-3521 224-0072 (770) 462-9696 N/A Sen. Coverdell, Paul (R) 200 Russell 224-3643 228-3783 (404) 347-2202 [email protected] Kingston, Jack (R-01) 1507 Longworth 225-5831 226-2269 (912) 489-8797 N/A Bishop, Sanford (D-02) 1433 Longworth 225-3631 225-2203 (912) 995-3991 N/A Collins, Michael (R-03) 1131 Longworth 225-5901 225-2515 (706) 327-7228 [email protected] McKinney, Cynthia (D-04) 124 Cannon 225-1605 226-0691 (912) 652-4118 N/A Lewis, John (D-05) 229 Cannon 225-3801 225-0351 (404) 659-01 16 N/A Gingrich, Newton (R-06) 2428 Rayburn 225-4501 225-4656 (770) 565-6398 [email protected] Barr, Bob (R-07) 1 130 Longworth 225-2931 225-0473 (770) 429-1776 [email protected] Chambliss, Saxby (R-08) 1019 Longworth 225-6531 225-7719 (912) 475-0665 [email protected] Deal, Nathan (R-09) 1406 Longworth 225-5211 225-8272 (706) 226-5320 N/A Norwood, Charles (R-10) 1 707 Longworth 225-4101 226-1466 (706) 733-7066 ga [email protected] Linder, John (R-l 1) 1005 Longworth 225-4272 225-4696 (770) 936-9400 [email protected] GUAM (GU) Del. Underwood, RobertA (D-ALL) 424 Cannon 225-1188 226-0341 (671) 477-4272 [email protected] HAWAII (HI) Sen. Akaka, Daniel (D) 720 Hart 224-6361 224-2126 (808) 541-2534 N/A Sen. Inouye, Daniel K. (D) 722 Hart 224-3934 224-6747 (808) 541-2542 [email protected] Abercrombie, Neil (D-01) 1 233 Longworth 225-2726 225-4580 (808) 541-2570 [email protected] Mink, Patsy T. (D02) 2135 Rayburn 225-4906 225-4987 (808) 541-1986 N/A IDAHO (ID) Sen. Craig, Larry E. (R) 313 Hart 224-2752 228-1067 (208) 342-7985 [email protected] Sen. Kempthorne, Dirk (R) 367 Dirksen 224-6142 224-5893 (208) 334-1776 [email protected] Chenoweth, Helen (R-01) 1727 Longworth 225-661 1 225-3029 (208) 336-9831 [email protected] Crapo, Michael D. (R-02) 437 Cannon 225-5531 N/A (208) 236-6734 N/A

4 AFSA NEWS • MARCH 1997 AFSA CONGRESSIONAL DIRECTORY

MEMBER ROOM D.C. PHONE FAX NUMBER DISTRICT PHONE E-MAIL (area code 202 +) (area code 202 +) (if available)

ILLINOIS (IL) Sen. Moseley-Braun, Carol (D) 320 Hart 224-2854 228-1318 (312) 353-5420 [email protected] Sen. Durbin, Richard (D) 267 Russell 224-2152 224-0868 (312) 353-5420 N/A Rush, Bobby L. (D-01) 131 Cannon 225-4372 226-0333 (312) 224-6500 [email protected] Jackson, Jesse Jr. (D-02) 3 1 3 Cannon 225-0773 225-0899 (708) 798-6000 N/A Lipinski, William O. (D-03) 1 501 Longworth 225-5701 225-3392 (312) 886-0481 N/A Gutierrez, Luis V. (D-04) 2438 Rayburn 225-8203 225-7810 (312) 509-0999 [email protected] Blagojevich, Rod (D-05) 501 Cannon 225-4061 225-3128 (312) 588-2288 N/A Hyde, Henry J. (R-06) 2110 Rayburn 225-4561 226-1240 (630) 832-5950 N/A Davis, Daniel (D-07) 1218 Longworth 225-5006 225-8396 (312) 353-5754 N/A Crane, Philip M. (R-08) 233 Cannon 225-3711 225-7830 (708) 265-9000 N/A Yates, Sidney R. (D-09) 2109 Rayburn 225-21 1 1 225-3493 (312) 353-4596 N/A Porter, John E. (R-10) 2373 Rayburn 225-4835 N/A (847) 392-0303 N/A Weller, Gerald (R-l 1) 1 30 Cannon 225-3635 225-4447 (815) 941-0096 [email protected] Costello, Jerry F. (D-l 2) 2454 Rayburn 225-5661 225-0285 (618) 233-8026 jfcill [email protected] Fawell, Harris W. (R-l 3) 2368 Rayburn 225-3515 225-9420 (708) 655-2052 [email protected] Hastert, J. Dennis (R-l 4| 2241 Rayburn 225-2976 225-0697 (708) 406-1 114 [email protected] Ewing, Thomas (R-l 5) 241 7 Rayburn 225-2371 225-8071 (217) 431-8230 N/A Manzullo, Donald (R-l 6) 409 Cannon 225-5676 225-5284 (815) 356-9800 N/A Evans, Lane (D-l 7) 2335 Rayburn 225-5905 225-5396 (309) 793-5760 N/A LaHood, Ray (R-l 8) 329 Cannon 225-6201 225-9461 (309) 671-7027 lahood 1 [email protected] Poshard, Glendal W. (D-l 9) 2334Rayburn 225-5201 225-1541 (217) 342-7220 N/A Shimkus, John (R-20) 51 3 Rayburn 225-5271 225-0170 (21 7) 744-2020 [email protected] INDIANA (IN) Sen. Coats, Daniel R. (R) 404 Russell 224-5623 228-4137 (910) 626-3060 N/A Sen. Lugar, Richard G. (R) 306 Hart 224-4814 228-0360 (317) 226-5555 [email protected] Visclosky, Peter J. (D-01) 231 3 Rayburn 225-2461 225-2493 (219) 884-1 177 N/A McIntosh, David (R-02) 1 208 Longworth 225-3021 225-8140 (518) 374-4547 [email protected] Roemer, Timothy (D-03) 2348 Rayburn 225-3915 225-6798 (219) 288-3301 [email protected] Souder, Mark (R-04) 41 8 Cannon 225-4436 225-3479 (219) 424-3041 [email protected] Buyer, Steve (R-05) 326 Cannon 225-5037 N/A (317) 454-7551 N/A Burton, Daniel (R-06) 21 85 Rayburn 225-2276 225-0016 (317) 848-0201 N/A Pease, Edward (R-07) 226 Cannon 225-5805 225-1649 (812) 238-1619 N/A Hostettler, John (R-08) 431 Cannon 225-4636 225-4688 (812) 465-6484 [email protected] Hamilton, Lee (D-09) 2314 Rayburn 225-5315 225-1101 (812) 288-3999 [email protected] Carson, Julia (D-l 0) 1541 Longworth 225-401 1 226-4093 (317) 236-0810 N/A IOWA (IA) Sen. Grassley, Charles E. (R) 135 Hart 224-3744 224-6020 (319) 232-6657 [email protected] Sen. Harkin, Thomas (D) 531 Hart 224-3254 224-9369 (319) 393-6374 [email protected] Leach, James (R-01) 21 86 Rayburn 225-6576 226-1278 (319) 363-4773 [email protected] Nussle, James Allen (R-02) 303 Cannon 225-291 1 225-9129 (319) 235-1109 [email protected] Boswell, Leonard (D-03) 1 029 Longworth 225-3806 225-6973 (515) 961-0591 N/A Ganske, Greg (R-04) 1 108 Longworth 225-4426 225-3193 (515) 284-4634 [email protected] Latham, Tom (R-05) 51 6 Cannon 225-5476 225-3301 (712) 737-8708 [email protected] KANSAS (KS) Sen. Brownback, Sam (R) 141 Hart 224-6521 N/A (913) 233-2503 N/A Sen. Roberts, Pat (R) 1 1 6 Dirksen 224-4774 224-3514 (316) 665-6138 N/A Moran, Jerry (R-01) 1217 Longworth 225-2715 225-5375 (913) 877-2454 N/A Ryun, James (R-02) 51 1 Cannon 225-6601 225-2983 (913) 233-2503 N/A Snowbarger, Vincent (R-03) 509 Cannon 225-2865 225-0554 (913) 397-0500 [email protected] Tiahrt, Todd (R-04) 428 Cannon 225-6216 225-5398 (316) 262-8992 [email protected] KENTUCKY(KY) Sen. Ford, Wendell H. (D) 1 73A Russell 224-4343 224-0046 (502) 582-6251 [email protected] Sen. McConnell, Mitch (R) 361A Russell 224-2541 224-2499 (502) 582-6304 [email protected] Whitfield, Edward (R-01) 236 Cannon 225-3115 225-2169 (502) 885-8079 edkyO 1 @hr.house.gov

AFSA NEWS • MARCH 1997 5 AFSA CONGRESSIONAL DIRECTORY

MEMBER ROOM D.C. PHONE FAX NUMBER DISTRICT PHONE E-MAIL (area code 202 +) (area code 202 +) (if available)

KENTUCKY (CONT'D) * Lewis, Ron (R-02) 223 Cannon 225-3501 226-2019 (502) 765-4360 N/A Northrup, Anne (R-03) 1004 Longworth 225-5401 225-3511 (502) 582-5129 N/A Bunning, James (R-04) 2437 Rayburn 225-3465 225-0003 (502) 222-2188 [email protected] Rogers, Harold (R-05) 2468 Rayburn 225-4601 225-0940 (606) 439-0794 N/A Baesler, Scotty (D-06) 2463 Rayburn 225-4706 225-2122 (606) 253-1124 [email protected] LOUISIANA (LA) Sen. Breaux, John B. (D) 516 Hart 224-4623 228-2577 (504) 382-2050 [email protected] Sen. Landrieu, Mary (D) 825 Hart 224-5824 N/A (504) 524-3669 N/A Livingston, Robert (R-01) 2406 Rayburn 225-3015 225-0739 (504) 589-2753 N/A Jefferson, William (D-02) 240 Cannon 225-6636 225-1988 (504) 589-2274 N/A Tauzin, William J. (R-03) 21 83 Rayburn 225-4031 225-0563 (504) 621-8490 N/A McCrery, James (R-04) 2104 Rayburn 225-2777 225-8039 (318) 388-6105 [email protected] Cooksey, John (R-05) 317 Cannon 225-8490 225-8959 (318) 388-6105 N/A Baker, Richard H. (R-06) 434 Cannon 225-3901 225-7313 (318) 238-5443 N/A John, Christopher (D-07) 1504 Longworth 225-2031 225-1175 (318) 233-4773 N/A MAINE (ME) Sen. Collins, Susan (R) B40-4 Dirksen 224-2523 224-2693 (207) 942-9600 N/A Sen. Snowe, Olympia (R) 495 Russell 224-5344 224-1946 (207) 874-0883 [email protected] Allen, Thomas (D-01) 630 Cannon 225-6116 225-3353 (207) 774-9696 [email protected] Baldacci, John (D-02) 1740 Longworth 225-6306 225-8297 (207) 942-6935 [email protected] MARYLAND (MD) Sen. Mikulski, Barbara A. (D) 709 Hart 224-4654 224-8858 (410) 546-7711 [email protected] Sen. Sarbanes, Paul S. (D) 309 Hart 224-4524 224-1651 (410) 962-4436 [email protected] Gilchrest, Wayne T. (R-01) 332 Cannon 225-5311 225-0254 (410) 778-9407 N/A Ehrlich, Bob (R-02) 315 Cannon 225-3061 225-4251 (410) 337-7222 [email protected] Cardin, Benjamin L. (D-03) 104 Cannon 225-4016 225-9219 (410) 529-4152 [email protected] Wynn, Albert R. (D-04) 407 Cannon 225-8699 225-8714 (202) 773-4094 [email protected] Hoyer, Steny H. (D-05) 1 705 Longworth 225-4131 225-4300 (301) 843-1577 N/A Bartlett, Roscoe G. (R-06) 322 Cannon 225-2721 225-2193 (301) 797-6043 N/A Cummings, Elijah (D-07) 1632 Longworth 225-4741 225-3178 (410) 367-1900 N/A Morelia, Constance (R-08) 2228 Rayburn 225-5341 225-1389 (301) 424-3501 N/A MASSACHUSETTS (MA) Sen. Kennedy, Edward M. (D) 315 Russell 224-4543 224-2417 (617) 565-3170 [email protected] Sen. Kerry, John F. (D) 421 Russell 224-2742 224-8525 (617) 565-8519 [email protected] Olver, John W. (D-01) 1027 Longworth 225-5335 226-1224 (413) 532-7010 [email protected] Neal, Richard E. (D-02) 2236 Rayburn 225-5601 225-8112 (413) 785-0325 [email protected] McGovern, James (D-03) 512 Cannon 225-6101 225-2217 (508) 675-3400 N/A Frank, Barney (D-04) 2210 Rayburn 225-5931 225-0182 (508) 332-3920 N/A Meehan, Martin T. (D-05) 2434 Rayburn 225-3411 226-0771 (508) 459-0101 [email protected] Tierney, John (D-06) 120 Cannon 225-8020 225-8037 (508) 532-8500 tierney@usa 1 .com Markey, Edward J. (D-07) 2133 Rayburn 225-2836 226-0340 (617) 396-2900 N/A Kennedy II, Joseph P. (D-08) 2242 Rayburn 225-5111 225-9322 (617)-445-1281 N/A Moakley, John Joseph (D-09) 235 Cannon 225-8273 225-3984 (508) 586-5555 [email protected] Delahunt, William (D-10) 1517 Longworth 225-3111 225-2212 (617) 770-3700 N/A MICHIGAN (Ml) Sen. Abraham, Spencer (R) 245 Dirksen 224-4822 224-8834 (616) 456-2592 [email protected] Sen. Levin, Carl (D) 459 Russell 224-6221 224-1388 (517) 354-5520 [email protected] Stupak, Bart (D-01) 21 1 Cannon 225-4735 225-4744 (517) 356-0690 [email protected] Hoekstra, Peter (R-02) 1122 Longworth 225-4401 226-0779 (616) 775-0050 [email protected] Ehlers, Vernon (R-03) 1 717 Longworth 225-3831 225-5144 (616) 451-8383 [email protected] Camp, David Lee (R-04) 137 Cannon 225-3561 225-9679 (517) 366-4922 [email protected] Barcia, James A. (D-05) 2419 Rayburn 225-8171 225-2168 (517) 754-6075 [email protected] Upton, Frederick S. (R-06) 2333 Rayburn 225-3761 225-4986 (616) 982-1986 [email protected] Smith, Nick (R-07) 306 Cannon 225-6276 225-6281 (517) 543-0055 [email protected]

6 AFSA NEWS • MARCH 1997 AFSA CONGRESSIONAL DIRECTORY

MEMBER ROOM D.C. PHONE FAX NUMBER DISTRICT PHONE E-MAIL (area code 202 +) (area code 202 +) (if available)

MICHIGAN (CONT'D) Stabenow, Debbie (D-08) 1516 Longworth 225-4872 225-3034 (810) 220-1002 N/A Kildee, Dale E. (D-09) 2 1 87 Rayburn 225-361 1 225-6393 (810) 373-9337 [email protected] Bonior, David E. (D-10) 2207 Rayburn 225-2106 226-1169 (313) 469-3232 N/A Knollenberg, Joe (R-l 1) 2151 Rayburn 225-5802 226-2356 (313) 425-7557 N/A Levin, Sander M. (D-l 2) 2209 Rayburn 225-4961 226-1033 (810) 268-4444 [email protected] Rivers, Lynn (D-l 3) 172 Cannon 225-6261 225-3404 (313) 741-4210 [email protected] Conyers, John, Jr. (D-l 4) 2426 Rayburn 225-5126 225-0072 (313) 961-5670 [email protected] Kilpatrick, Carolyn (D-l 5) 503 Cannon 225-2261 225-6645 (313) 567-2233 N/A Dingell, John D. (D-l 6) 2328 Rayburn 225-4071 N/A (313) 846-1276 N/A MINNESOTA (MN) Sen. Grams, Rod (R) 261 Dirksen 224-3244 228-0956 (612) 427-5921 [email protected] Sen. Wellstone, Paul (D) 71 7 Hart 224-5641 224-8438 (612) 231-0001 [email protected] Gutknecht, Gil (R-01) 425 Cannon 225-2472 225-0051 (507) 252-9841 [email protected] Minge, David (D-02) 1415 Longworth 225-2331 226-0836 (612) 269-9311 [email protected] Ramstad, James M. (R-03) 103 Cannon 225-2871 225-6351 (612) 881-4600 [email protected] Vento, Bruce F. (D-04) 2304 Rayburn 225-6631 225-1968 (612) 224-4503 [email protected] Sabo, Martin Olav (D-05) 2236 Rayburn 225-4755 225-4886 (612) 348-1649 [email protected] Luther, William (D-06) 1 17 Cannon 225-2271 225-9802 (612) 730-4949 [email protected] Peterson, Collin C. (D-07) 2159 Rayburn 225-2165 225-1593 (218) 847-5056 [email protected] Oberstar, James L. (D-08) 2366Rayburn 225-6211 225-0699 (21 8) 727-7474 [email protected] MISSISSIPPI (MS) Sen. Cochran, Thad (R) 326 Russell 224-5054 224-9450 (601) 965-4459 [email protected] Sen. Lott, Trent (R) 487 Russell 224-6253 224-2262 (601) 234-3774 N/A Hill, Rick (R-01) 1037 Longworth 225-4306 N/A (601) 844-5437 N/A Thompson, Bennie (D-02) 1408 Longworth 225-5876 225-5898 (601) 866-9003 [email protected] Pickering, Charles (R-03) 427 Cannon 225-5031 225-3375 (601) 932-2410 N/A Parker, Mike (R-04) 2445 Rayburn 225-5865 225-5886 (601) 425-4999 N/A Taylor, Gene (D-05) 2447 Rayburn 225-5772 225-7074 (601) 762-1770 N/A MISSOURI (MO) Sen. Ashcroft, John (R) 1 70 Russell 224-6154 228-5126 (314) 634-2488 [email protected] Sen. Bond, Christopher S. (R) 293 Russell 224-5721 224-8149 (816) 471-7141 [email protected] Clay, William L. (D-01) 2306 Rayburn 225-2406 225-1725 (314) 725-5770 N/A Talent, James M. (R-02) 1022 Longworth 225-2561 225-2563 (314) 949-6826 [email protected] Gephardt, Richard A. (D-03) 1 226 Longworth 225-2671 225-7452 (314) 894-3400 [email protected] Skelton, Ike (D-04) 2227 Rayburn 225-2876 225-2695 (816) 228-4242 N/A McCarthy, Karen (D-05) 1232 Longworth 225-4535 225-5990 (816) 842-4545 N/A Danner, Pat (D-06) 1207 Longworth 225-7041 225-8221 (816) 233-9818 N/A Blunt, Roy (R-07) 508 Cannon 225-6536 225-7700 (417) 862-4317 N/A Emerson, Jo Ann (1-08) 132 Cannon 225-4404 N/A (314) 335-0101 N/A Hulshof, Kenneth (R-09) 1 728 Longworth 225-2956 225-7834 (816) 385-5615 N/A MONTANA (MT) Sen. Baucus, Max (D) 511 Hart 224-2651 224-1974 (406) 329-3123 [email protected] Sen. Burns, Conrad R. (R) 1 87 Dirksen 224-2644 224-8594 (406) 252-0550 [email protected] Hill, Richard (R-ALL) 1 037 Longworth 225-3211 226-0244 (406) 443-6426 N/A NEBRASKA (NE) Sen. Hagel, Chuck (R) B40-3 Dirksen 224-4224 N/A (308) 632-3595 [email protected] Sen. Kerrey, Joseph R. (D) 303 Hart 224-6551 224-7645 (308) 632-3595 [email protected] Bereuter, Douglas (R-01) 21 84 Rayburn 225-4806 226-1148 (402) 438-1598 N/A Christensen, Jon (R-02) 413 Cannon 225-4155 225-3032 (402) 397-9944 [email protected] Barrett, William E. (R-03) 2458 Rayburn 225-6435 225-0207 (308) 381-5555 N/A NEVADA(NV) Sen. Bryan, Richard H. (D) 364 Russell 224-6244 224-1867 (702) 784-5007 [email protected] Sen. Reid, Harry (D) 324 Hart 224-3542 224-7327 (702) 784-5568 [email protected] Ensign, John (R-01) 414 Cannon 225-5965 225-8808 (702) 731-1801 [email protected]

AFSA NEWS • MARCH 1997 7 AFSA CONGRESSIONAL DIRECTORY

MEMBER ROOM D.C. PHONE FAX NUMBER DISTRICT PHONE E-MAIL (area code 202 +] 1 (area code 202 +] i (if available)

NEVADA (CONT'D) Gibbons, James (R-02) 1116 Longworth 225-6155 225-2319 (702) 784-5003 N/A NEW HAMPSHIRE (NH) Sen. Gregg, Judd (R) 393 Russell 224-3324 224-4952 (603) 752-2604 [email protected] Sen. Smith, Robert (R) 332 Dirksen 224-2841 224-1353 (603) 634-5000 [email protected] Sununu, John Jr. (R-01) 1229 Longworth 225-5456 225-4370 (603) 669-6330 N/A Bass, Charles (R-02) 21 8 Cannon 225-5206 225-0046 (603) 226-0249 [email protected] NEW JERSEY (NJ) Sen. Torricelli, Robert (D) 728 Hart 224-3224 224-8567 (201)646-1111 [email protected] Sen. Lautenberg, Frank R. (D) 506 Hart 224-4744 224-9707 (201) 645-3030 [email protected] Andrews, Robert E. (D-01) 2439 Rayburn 225-6501 225-6583 (609) 627-9000 [email protected] LoBiondo, Frank (R-02) 222 Cannon 225-6572 226-1108 (609) 927-4442 [email protected] Saxton, Jim (R-03) 339 Cannon 225-4765 225-0778 (908) 914-2020 N/A Smith, Christopher (R-04) 2370 Rayburn 225-3765 225-7768 (609) 890-2800 N/A Roukema, Marge (R-05) 2469 Rayburn 225-4465 225-9048 (201) 447-3900 N/A Pallone, Frank, Jr. (D-06) 420 Cannon 225-4671 225-9665 (908) 571-1140 N/A Franks, Bob (R-07) 225 Cannon 225-5361 225-9460 (908) 602-0075 [email protected] Pascrell, William (D-08) 1722 Longworth 225-5751 225-3372 (201) 473-9696 [email protected] Rothman, Steven (D-09) 1607 Longworth 224-5061 225-0745 (201) 646-1111 N/A Payne, Donald M. (D-10) 2244 Rayburn 225-3436 225-4160 (201) 645-3213 N/A Frelinghuysen, Rodney (R-l 1) 228 Cannon 225-5034 225-0658 (201) 984-0711 [email protected] Pappas, Micheal (R-l 2) 1710 Longworth 225-5801 225-6025 (609) 895-1559 N/A Menendez, Robert (D-13) 405 Cannon 225-7919 226-0792 (201) 222-2828 N/A NEW MEXICO (NM) Sen. Bingaman, Jeff (D) 703 Hart 224-5521 224-2852 (505) 988-6647 [email protected] Sen. Domenici, Pete V. (R) 328 Hart 224-6621 224-7371 (505) 766-3481 senator [email protected] Schiff, Steven FI. (R-01) 2404 Rayburn 225-6316 225-4975 (505) 766-2538 N/A Skeen, Joseph (R-02) 2302 Rayburn 225-2365 225-9599 (505) 527-1771 N/A Richardson, William (D-03) 2268 Rayburn 225-6190 226-2160 (505) 988-7230 [email protected] NEW YORK (NY) Sen. D'Amato, Alfonse M. (R) 520 Hart 224-6542 224-5871 (212) 947-7390 senator [email protected] Sen. Moynihan, Daniel P. (D) 464 Russell 224-4451 228-0406 (212) 661-5150 [email protected] Forbes, Michael (R-01) 416 Cannon 225-3826 225-3143 (516) 345-9000 [email protected] Lazio, Rick A. (R-02) 2444 Rayburn 225-3335 225-4669 (516) 893-9010 [email protected] King, Peter T. (R-03) 403 Cannon 225-7896 226-2279 (516) 541-4225 [email protected] McCarthy, Carolyn (D-04) 1725 Longworth 225-5516 225-5758 (516) 739-1800 N/A Ackerman, Gary L. (D-05) 2243 Rayburn 225-2601 225-1589 (516) 423-2154 N/A Flake, Floyd H. (D-06) 1035 Longworth 225-3461 226-4169 (71 8) 949-5600 N/A Manton, Thomas J. (D-07) 2235 Rayburn 225-3965 225-1909 (718) 931-1400 [email protected] Nadler, Jerrold (D-08) 2448 Rayburn 225-5635 225-6923 (212) 489-3530 [email protected] Schumer, Charles E. (D-09) 221 1 Rayburn 225-6616 225-4183 (718) 268-8200 N/A Towns, Edolphus (D-10) 2232 Rayburn 225-5936 225-1018 (718) 855-8018 N/A Owens, Major R. (D-l 1) 2305 Rayburn 225-6231 226-0112 (718) 773-3100 N/A Velazquez, Nydia M. (D-l 2) 1221 Longworth 225-2361 226-0327 (212) 673-3997 N/A Molinari, Susan (R-l 3) 241 1 Rayburn 225-3371 226-1272 (718) 987-8400 [email protected] Maloney, Carolyn B. (D-l 4) 1330 Longworth 225-7944 225-4709 (212) 832-6531 [email protected] Rangel, Charles B. (D-l 5) 2354 Rayburn 225-4365 225-0816 (212) 663-3900 [email protected] Serrano, Jose E. (D-l 6) 2342 Rayburn 225-4361 225-6001 (718) 538-5400 [email protected] Engel, Eliot L. (D-l 7) 2303 Rayburn 225-2464 225-5513 (718) 652-0400 [email protected] Lowey, Nita M. (D-l 8) 2421 Rayburn 225-6506 225-0546 (914)428-1707 [email protected] Kelly, Sue (R-l 9) 1222 Longworth 225-5441 225-0962 (914) 897-5200 [email protected] Gilman, Benjamin A. (R-20) 2449 Rayburn 225-3776 225-2541 (914) 343-6666 N/A McNulty, Michael R. (D-21) 2161 Rayburn 225-5076 225-5077 (912) 652-4118 [email protected] Solomon, Gerald B. (R-22) 2206 Rayburn 225-5614 225-1168 (518) 587-9800 N/A Boehlert, Sherwood (R-23) 2246 Rayburn 225-3665 225-1891 (315) 793-8146 [email protected]

8 AFSA NEWS • MARCH 1997 AFSA CONGRESSIONAL DIRECTORY

MEMBER ROOM D.C. PHONE FAX NUMBER DISTRICT PHONE E-MAIL (area code 202 +) (area code 202 +) (if available)

NEW YORK (CONT'D) McHugh, John M. (R-24) 2441 Rayburn 225-461 1 226-0621 (315) 782-3150 N/A Walsh, James T. (R-25) 2351 Rayburn 225-3701 225-4042 (315) 432-5657 [email protected] Hinchey, Maurice D. (D-26) 2431 Rayburn 225-6335 226-0774 (607) 273-1388 [email protected] Paxon, Bill (R-27) 241 2 Rayburn 225-5265 225-5910 (716) 742-1600 [email protected] Slaughter, Louise M. (D-28) 2347 Rayburn 225-3615 225-7822 (716) 232-4850 [email protected] LaFalce, John J. (D-29) 2310 Rayburn 225-3231 225-8693 (716) 846-4056 N/A Quinn, Jack (R-30) 331 Cannon 225-3306 226-0347 (716) 845-5257 N/A Houghton, Amo (R-31) 1110 Longworth 225-3161 225-5574 (607) 937-3333 [email protected] NORTH CAROLINA (NC) Sen. Faircloth, Lauch (R) 317 Hart 224-3154 224-7406 (910) 590-3200 [email protected] Sen. Helms, Jesse (R) 403 Dirksen 224-6342 228-1339 (919) 856-4630 [email protected] Clayton, Eva (D-01) 2240 Rayburn 225-3101 225-3354 (919) 758-8800 [email protected] Etheridge, Robert (D-02) 1641 Longworth 225-4531 225-3191 (910) 891-1114 N/A Jones, Walter (R-03) 422 Cannon 225-3415 225-0666 (919) 931-1003 N/A Price, David (D-04) 21 62 Rayburn 225-1784 225-3269 (919) 829-3854 N/A Burr, Richard (R-05) 1513 Longworth 225-2071 225-4060 (910) 631-5125 [email protected] Coble, Howard (R-06) 2239 Rayburn 225-3065 225-861 1 (918) 687-2533 N/A McIntyre, Micheal (D-07) 1605 Longworth 225-2731 225-0345 (910) 343-4959 N/A Hefner, Bill (D-08) 2470 Rayburn 225-3715 225-4036 (704) 786-1612 N/A Myrick, Sue (R-09) 230 Cannon 225-1976 225-8995 (704) 362-1060 [email protected] Ballenger, Cass (R-10) 21 82 Rayburn 225-2576 225-0316 (704) 327-6100 [email protected] Taylor, Charles Hart (R-l 1) 231 Cannon 225-6401 226-6405 (704) 251-1988 [email protected] Watt, Melvin (D-l 2) 1 230 Longworth 225-1510 225-1512 (910) 379-9403 [email protected] NORTH DAKOTA (ND) Sen. Conrad, Kent (D) 724 Hart 224-2043 224-7776 (701) 258-4648 [email protected] Sen. Dorgan, Byron L. (D) 713 Hart 225-261 1 224-1193 (701) 250-4618 [email protected] Pomeroy, Earl (D-ALL) 1 533 Longworth 225-261 1 226-0893 (701) 235-9760 [email protected] OHIO (OH) Sen. DeWine, Mike (R) 140 Russell 224-2315 224-6519 (614) 469-6774 [email protected] Sen. Glenn, John (D) 503 Hart 224-3353 224-7983 (614) 469-6697 [email protected] Chabot, Steve (R-01) 1 29 Cannon 225-2216 225-4732 (513) 684-2723 N/A Portman, Rob (R-02) 238 Cannon 225-3164 513-791-1696 (513) 791-0381 [email protected] Hall, Tony P. (D-03) 1432 Longworth 225-6465 225-6766 (513) 225-2843 N/A Oxley, Michael G. (R-04) 2233 Rayburn 225-2676 226-1160 (419) 999-6455 [email protected] Gillmor, Paul E. (R-05) 1 203 Longworth 225-6405 225-1985 (419) 872-2500 N/A Strickland, Ted (D-06) 336 Cannon 225-5705 N/A (614) 353-4006 N/A Hobson, David L. (R-07) 1514 Longworth 225-4324 225-1984 (513) 325-0474 N/A Boehner, John Andrew (R-08) 1011 Longworth 225-6205 225-0704 (513) 894-6003 N/A Kaptur, Marcy (D-09) 231 1 Rayburn 225-4146 225-771 1 (419) 259-7500 N/A Kucinich, Dennis (D-l 0) 1 730 Longworth 225-5871 N/A (216) 356-2010 N/A Stokes, Louis (D-l 1) 2365 Rayburn 225-7032 225-1339 (216) 522-4900 N/A Kasich, John R. (R-l 2) 1111 Longworth 225-5355 N/A (614) 469-7318 N/A Brown, Sherrod (D-l 3) 328 Cannon 225-3401 225-2266 (216) 934-5100 [email protected] Sawyer, Thomas C. (D-l 4) 1414 Longworth 225-5231 225-5278 (216) 375-5710 N/A Pryce, Deborah (R-l5) 221 Cannon 225-2015 226-0986 (614) 469-5614 pryce [email protected] Regula, Ralph (R-l6) 2309 Rayburn 225-3876 225-3059 (330) 489-4414 N/A Traficant, James, Jr. (D-l 7) 2446 Rayburn 225-5261 225-3719 (216) 385-5921 [email protected] Ney, Bob (R-l 8) 1024 Longworth 225-6265 225-3394 (614) 676-1960 [email protected] LaTourette, Steve (R-l 9) 1 239 Longworth 225-5731 225-9114 (216) 352-3939 N/A OKLAHOMA (OK) Sen. Inhofe, James (R) 453 Russell 224-4721 228-0380 (918) 748-51 1 1 N/A Sen. Nickles, Donald (R) 133 Hart 224-5754 224-6008 (405) 231-4941 [email protected] Largent, Steve (R-01) 426 Cannon 225-2211 225-9187 (918) 749-0014 N/A Coburn, Tom (R-02) 429 Cannon 225-2701 225-2796 (317) 226-5555 N/A

AFSA NEWS • MARCH 1997 9 AFSA CONGRESSIONAL DIRECTORY

MEMBER ROOM D.C. PHONE FAX NUMBER DISTRICT PHONE E-MAIL (area code 202 +) (area code 202 +) (if available)

OKLAHOMA (CONT'D) Watkins, Wes (R-03) 2312 Rayburn 225-4565 N/A (405) 226-6300 N/A Watts, J.C. (R-04) 1210 Longworth 225-6165 225- 9746 (405) 329-6500 N/A Istook, Ernest Jim (R-05) 1 1 9 Cannon 225-2132 226- 1463 (405) 942-3636 [email protected] Lucas, Frank (R-06) 107 Cannon 225-5565 225-8698 (405) 231-5511 N/A OREGON (OR) Sen. Smith, Gordon (R) B40-2 Dirksen 224-3753 224-0276 N/A N/A Sen. Wyden, Ronald (D) 259 Russell 224-5244 228-2717 (503) 326-7525 [email protected] Furse, Elizabeth (D-01) 316 Cannon 225-0855 225-9497 (503) 326-2901 furseorl @hr.house.gov Smith, Robert (R-02) 1 1 26 Longworth 225-6730 225-3046 (503) 776-4646 N/A Blumenauer, Earl (D-03) 1113 Longworth 225-4811 225-8941 (503) 231-2300 N/A DeFazio, Peter A. (D-04) 21 34 Rayburn 225-6416 225-0373 (541) 465-6732 [email protected] Hooley, Darlene (D-05) 1419 Longworth 225-571 1 225-2994 (503) 588-9100 N/A PENNSYLVANIA (PA) Sen. Santorum, Rick (R) 120 Russell 224-6324 228-4991 (215) 597-9914 [email protected] Sen. Specter, Arlen (R) 530 Hart 224-4254 228-1229 (215) 597-7200 [email protected] Foglietta, Thomas M. (D-01) 242 Cannon 225-4731 225-0088 (215) 925-6840 [email protected] Fattah, Chaka (D-02) 1 205 Longworth 225-4001 225-7362 (215) 387-6404 N/A Borski, Robert A. (D-03) 2267 Rayburn 225-8251 225-4628 (215) 426-4616 N/A Klink, Ron (D-04) 125 Cannon 225-2565 226-2274 (412) 728-3005 N/A Peterson, John (R-05) 1020 Longworth 225-5121 225-4681 (814) 238-1776 N/A Holden, Tim (D-06) 1421 Longworth 225-5546 226-0996 (215) 371-9931 N/A Weldon, Curt (R-07) 2452 Rayburn 225-2011 225-8137 (610) 640-9064 [email protected] Greenwood, Jim (R-08) 2436 Rayburn 225-4276 225-9511 (215) 752-7711 [email protected] Shuster, Bud (R-09) 21 88 Rayburn 225-2431 225-2486 (814) 946-1653 [email protected] McDade, Joseph M. (R-10) 2107 Rayburn 225-3731 225-9594 (717) 327-8161 N/A Kanjorski, Paul E. (D-l 1) 2353 Rayburn 225-6511 225-9024 (717) 825-2200 [email protected] Murtha, John P. (D-l 2) 2423 Rayburn 225-2065 225-5709 (814) 535-2642 [email protected] Fox, Jon (R-l 3) 435 Cannon 225-6111 225-3187 (610) 272-8400 [email protected] Coyne, William J. (D-l 4) 2455 Rayburn 225-2301 225-3155 (412) 644-2870 N/A McHale, Paul (D-l 5) 217 Cannon 225-6411 225-5320 (610) 258-8383 [email protected] Pitts, Joseph (R-l 6) 504 Cannon 225-2411 225-1116 (717) 393-0666 N/A Gekas, George W. (R-l 7) 2410 Rayburn 225-4315 225-8440 (717) 541-5507 N/A Doyle, Michael (D-l 8) 133 Cannon 225-2135 225-7747 (412) 241-6055 N/A Goodling, William F. (R-l 9) 2263 Rayburn 225-5836 226-1000 (717) 843-8887 N/A Mascara, Frank (D-20) 314 Cannon 225-4665 225-3377 (412) 228-4326 N/A English, Philip (R-21) 1 721 Longworth 225-5406 225-1081 (814) 456-2038 N/A PUERTO RICO (PR) R.C. Romero Barcelo, Carlos (DALL)2443 Rayburn 225-2615 225-2154 (787) 723-6333 N/A RHODE ISLAND (Rl) Sen. Chafee, John H. (R) 505 Dirksen 224-2921 228-2853 (401) 528-5294 [email protected] Sen. Reed, Jack (D) 339 Russell 224-4642 N/A (401) 944-5577 N/A Kennedy, Patrick (D-01) 312 Cannon 225-4911 225-4417 (401) 729-5600 N/A Weygand, Robert (D-02) 507 Cannon 225-2735 225-9580 (401) 943-3100 N/A SOUTH CAROLINA (SC) Sen. Hollings, Ernest F. (D) 125 Russell 224-6121 224-4293 (803) 765-5731 [email protected] Sen. Thurmond, Strom (R) 217 Russell 224-5972 224-1300 (803) 649-2591 [email protected] Sanford, Mark (R-01) 1223 Longworth 225-31 76 225-3407 (803) 727-4175 [email protected] Spence, Floyd (R-02) 2405 Rayburn 225-2452 225-2455 (803) 521-2530 N/A Graham, Lindsey (R-03) 1429 Longworth 225-5301 225-5383 (803) 224-7401 N/A Inglis, Bob (R-04) 320 Cannon 225-6030 226-1177 (803) 427-2205 [email protected] Spratt, John M., Jr. (D-05) 1536 Longworth 225-5501 225-0464 (803) 393-3998 [email protected] Clyburn, James E. (D-06) 319 Cannon 225-3315 225-2302 (803) 747-9660 [email protected] SOUTH DAKOTA (SD) Sen. Daschle, Thomas A. (D) 509 Hart 224-2321 224-2047 (605) 225-8823 [email protected]

IO AFSA NEWS • MARCH 1997 AFSA CONGRESSIONAL DIRECTORY

MEMBER ROOM D.C. PHONE FAX NUMBER DISTRICT PHONE E-MAIL (area code 202 +) (area code 202 +) (if available)

SOUTH DAKOTA (CONT'D) Sen. Johnson, Timothy P. (D) 528 Hart 224-5842 N/A (605) 335-8089 N/A Thune, John (R-ALL) 506 Cannon 225-2801 225-2427 (605) 226-3440 N/A TENNESSEE (TN) Sen. Frist, Bill (R) 565 Dirksen 224-3344 228-1264 (615) 736-7353 [email protected] Sen. Thompson, Fred (R) 523 Dirksen 224-1036 228-3679 (615) 736-5129 [email protected] Jenkins, William (R-01) 1708 Longworth 225-6356 225-7812 (423) 926-4797 [email protected] Duncan, John J., Jr. (R-02) 2400 Rayburn 225-5435 225-6440 (423) 523-3772 [email protected] Wamp, Zach (R-03) 423 Cannon 225-3271 225-6974 (423) 894-7400 N/A Hilleary, Van (R-04) 1 14 Cannon 225-6831 225-3272 (423) 587-0065 [email protected] Clement, Robert (D-05) 2229 Rayburn 225-4311 226-1035 (615) 736-5295 [email protected] Gordon, Bart (D-06) 2201 Rayburn 225-4231 225-6887 (615) 896-1986 [email protected] Bryant, Ed (R-07) 408 Cannon 225-2811 225-2814 (615) 503-0391 N/A Tanner, John S. (D-08) 1 1 27 Longworth 225-4714 225-1765 (901) 382-3220 N/A Ford, Harold E. Jr. (D-09) 1523 Longworth 225-3265 225-9215 (901) 544-4131 N/A TEXAS (TX) Sen. Gramm, Phil (R) 370 Russell 224-2934 228-2856 (210) 366-9494 N/A Sen. Hutchison, Kay Bailey (R) 283 Russell 224-5922 224-0776 (512) 916-5834 [email protected] Sandlin, Max (D-01) 214 Cannon 225-3035 225-7265 (903) 885-8682 N/A Turner, James (D-02) 1508 Longworth 225-2401 225-1764 (409) 637-1770 N/A Johnson, Sam (R-03) 1 030 Longworth 225-4201 225-1485 (214) 739-0182 [email protected] Hall, Ralph M. (D-04) 2221 Rayburn 225-6673 225-3332 (817) 668-6370 N/A Sessions, Peter (R-05) 1318 Longworth 225-2231 225-0327 (214) 271-1 196 N/A Barton, Joseph (R-06) 2264 Rayburn 225-2002 225-3052 (817) 543-1000 [email protected] Archer, William (R-07) 1 236 Longworth 225-2571 225-4381 (713) 682-8828 N/A Brady, Kevin (R-08) 1531 Longworth 225-4901 225-2772 (713) 540-8000 N/A Lampson, Nick (D-09) 41 7 Cannon 225-6565 N/A (409) 838-0061 N/A Doggett, Lloyd (D-l 0) 1 26 Cannon 225-4865 225-3018 (512) 482-5921 [email protected] Edwards, Chet (D-l 1) 2459 Rayburn 225-6105 225-0350 (817) 752-9600 N/A Granger, Kay (R-l 2) 515 Cannon 225-5071 225-2786 (817) 338-0909 N/A Thornberry, Williams (R-l 3) 412 Cannon 225-3706 225-3486 (806) 371-8844 N/A Paul, Ronald (R-l4) 203 Cannon 225-2831 225-1108 (409) 239-6790 N/A Hinojosa, Ruben (D-l 5) 1032 Longworth 225-2531 225-2534 (210) 682-5545 N/A Reyes, Silvestre (D-l 6) 514 Cannon 225-4831 225-4825 (915) 534-6200 N/A Stenholm, Charles W. (D-l 7) 1211 Longworth 225-6605 225-2234 (915) 655-7994 texasl [email protected] Jackson-Lee, Sheila (D-l 8) 41 0 Cannon 225-3816 225-3317 (713) 655-0050 N/A Combest, Larry (R-l 9) 1026 Longworth 225-4005 225-9615 (806) 353-3945 N/A Gonzalez, Henry B. (D-20) 241 3 Rayburn 225-3236 225-1915 (512) 229-6195 N/A Smith, Lamar S. (R-21) 2231 Rayburn 225-4236 225-8628 (512) 218-4221 [email protected] DeLay, Thomas (R-22) 342 Cannon 225-5951 225-5241 (713) 240-3700 [email protected] Bonilla, Henry (R-23) 1427 Longworth 225-451 1 225-2237 (210) 726-4682 N/A Frost, Martin (D-24) 2256 Rayburn 225-3605 225-4951 (903) 874-0760 [email protected] Bentsen, Ken (D-25) 1 28 Cannon 225-7508 225-2947 (713) 229-2244 [email protected] Armey, Richard K. (R-26) 301 Cannon 225-7772 225-7614 (214) 556-2500 N/A Ortiz, Solomon P. (D-27) 21 36 Rayburn 225-7742 226-1134 (512) 883-5868 N/A Vacant (D-28) 323 Cannon 225-1640 225-1641 (210) 924-7383 Election on March 15, 1997 Green, Gene (D-29) 2429 Rayburn 225-1688 225-9903 (713) 880-4364 [email protected] Johnson, Eddie Bernice (D-30) 1 123 Longworth 225-8885 226-1477 (214) 922-8885 N/A UTAH (UT) Sen. Bennett, Robert (R) 431 Dirksen 224-5444 224-4908 (801) 524-5933 [email protected] Sen. Hatch, Orrin G. (R) 1 31 Russell 224-5251 224-6331 (801) 524-4380 [email protected] Hansen, James V. (R-01) 2466 Rayburn 225-0453 225-5857 (801) 393-8362 N/A Cook, Merril (R-02) 1431 Longworth 225-301 1 225-3491 (801) 524-4394 N/A Cannon, Christopher (R-03) 1 1 8 Cannon 225-7751 226-7683 (801) 374-8880 N/A VIRGIN ISLAND (VI) Del. ChristiarvGreen, Donna (D-ALL)l 71 1 Longworth 225-1790 N/A (809) 774-4408 N/A

AFSA NEWS • MARCH 1997 1 1 AFSA CONGRESSIONAL DIRECTORY

MEMBER ROOM D.C. PHONE FAX NUMBER DISTRICT PHONE E-MAIL (area code 202 +) (area code 202 +) (if available)

VIRGINIA (VA) Sen. Robb, Charles S. (D) 154 Russell 224-4024 224-8689 (804) 441-3124 [email protected] Sen. Warner, John W. (R) 225 Russell 224-2023 224-6295 (804) 771-2579 [email protected] Bateman, Herbert H. (R-01) 2350 Rayburn 225-4261 225-4382 (804) 873-1132 N/A Pickett, Owen B. (D-02) 2430 Rayburn 225-4215 225-4218 (804) 486-3710 [email protected] Scott, Robert C. (D-03) 2464 Rayburn 225-8351 225-3854 (804) 644-4845 N/A Sisisky, Norman (D-04) 2371 Rayburn 225-6365 226-1170 (804) 393-2068 N/A Goode, Virgil (D-05) 1520 Longworth 225-4711 226-1147 (804) 392-8331 N/A Goodlatte, Robert W. (R-06) 123 Cannon 225-5431 225-9681 (703) 885-3861 [email protected] Bliley, Thomas J., Jr. (R-07) 2409 Rayburn 225-2815 225-0011 (804) 771-2809 N/A Moran, James P., Jr. (D-08) 1214 Longworth 225-4376 225-0017 (703) 971-4700 [email protected] Boucher, Rick (D-09) 2329 Rayburn 225-3861 225-0442 (703) 628-1145 [email protected] Wolf, Frank R. (R-10) 241 Cannon 225-5136 225-0437 (703) 709-5800 N/A Davis III, Thomas (R-l 1) 224 Cannon 225-1492 225-2274 (703) 916-9610 [email protected] VERMONT (VT) Sen. Jeffords, James M. (R) 513 Hart 224-5141 N/A (802) 658-6001 [email protected] Sen. Leahy, Patrick J. (D) 433 Russell 224-4242 802-860-7624 (802) 863-2525 [email protected] Sanders, Bernard (l-ALL) 2202 Rayburn 225-4115 225-6790 (802) 862-0697 [email protected] WASHINGTON (WA) Sen. Gorton, Slade (R) 730 Hart 224-3441 224-9393 (206) 451-0103 [email protected] Sen. Murray, Patty (D) 1 1 1 Russell 224-2621 224-0238 (206) 553-5545 [email protected] White, Rick (R-01) 507 Cannon 225-6311 225-3524 (206) 640-6311 [email protected] Metcalf, Jack (R-02) 405 Cannon 225-2605 225-4420 (206) 252-3188 N/A Smith, Linda (R-03) 1317 Longworth 225-3536 225-3478 (206) 695-6292 [email protected] Hastings, Richard (R-04) 1323 Longworth 225-5816 225-3251 (509) 783-0310 N/A Nethercutt, George (R-05) 1527 Longworth 225-2006 225-3392 (509) 353-2374 [email protected] Dicks, Norman D. (D-06) 2467 Rayburn 225-5916 226-1176 (360) 479-4011 N/A McDermott, James A. (D-07) 2349 Rayburn 225-3106 206-553-7175 (206) 553-7170 N/A Dunn, Jennifer (R-08) 432 Cannon 225-7761 225-8673 (206) 450-0161 [email protected] Smith, Adam (D-09) 1505 Longworth 225-8901 225-3484 (206) 661-1459 N/A WEST VIRGINIA (WV) Sen. Byrd, Robert C. (D) 311 Hart 224-3954 228-0002 (414) 494-2800 [email protected] Sen. Rockefeller, John D. (D) 109 Hart 224-6472 224-7665 (304) 347-5372 [email protected] Mollohan, Alan B. (D-01) 2346 Rayburn 225-4172 225-7564 (304) 623-4422 N/A Wise, Robert E., Jr. (D-02) 2367 Rayburn 225-2711 225-7856 (304) 264-8810 [email protected] Rahall II, Nick Joe (D-03) 2307 Rayburn 225-3452 225-9061 (304) 647-3228 [email protected] WISCONSIN (Wl) Sen. Feingold, Russell (D) 502 Hart 224-5323 224-2725 (608) 828-1200 [email protected] Sen. Kohl, Herbert H. (D) 330 Hart 224-5653 224-9787 (414) 657-7719 [email protected] Neumann, Mark (R-01) 415 Cannon 225-3031 225-3393 (608) 752-4050 [email protected] Klug, Scott (R-02) 2331 Rayburn 225-2906 225-6942 (608) 257-9200 [email protected] Kind, Ronald James (D-03) 1713 Longworth 225-5506 225-6195 (715) 284-7431 N/A Kleczka, Gerald D. (D-04) 2301 Rayburn 225-4572 225-8135 (414) 297-1140 [email protected] Barrett, Thomas M. (D-05) 1224 Longworth 225-3571 225-2185 (414) 297-1331 [email protected] Petri, Thomas E. (R-06) 2262 Rayburn 225-2476 225-2356 (414) 231-6333 [email protected] Obey, David R. (D-07) 2462 Rayburn 225-3365 225-0561 (715) 842-5606 N/A Johnson, Jay (D-08) 1313 Longworth 225-5665 225-0087 (414) 494-2800 N/A Sensenbrenner, F. James (R-09J2332 Rayburn 225-5101 225-3190 (414) 784-1111 [email protected] WYOMING (WY) Sen. Enzi, Micheal (R) 1 16 Hart 224-4748 228-0350 (307) 261-6572 [email protected] Sen. Thomas, Craig (R) 302 Hart 224-6441 224-1724 (307) 265-5413 [email protected] Cubin, Barbara (R-ALL) 1114 Longworth 225-2311 225-3057 (307) 261-5595 N/A

12 AFSA NEWS • MARCH 1997 AN OPEN LETTER TO MY SENATOR AND REPRESENTATIVE ON THE IMPORTANCE OF

MAINTAINING OUR DIPLOMATIC READINESS IN THIS STILL DANGEROUS WORLD

Dear :

I am deeply concerned about the continuing reductions in resources to carry out our nation's foreign policy. These reduc¬ tions are threatening the ability of our foreign affairs agencies to advance American interests abroad and to provide for our security and prosperity at home. I urge that you actively support increases in our resources for diplomacy - our least costly and least risky first line of defense in today's dangerous world. Foreign affairs represent one percent of the total US budget. As Secretary of State Albright has said, " ... that 1 percent may well determine 50 percent of the history that is written about the era."

Over the last decade, funding for the " 1 50 International Affairs" Account has been reduced by 50 percent in real terms at the expense of our diplomatic readiness and our standing abroad. The ability of the Department of State, USAID, USIA, Commercial Service and Foreign Agricultural Service to carry out their functions has been impaired.

The recent Council on Foreign Relations/Brookings Institution Task Force report, which was signed by a bipartisan group of prominent Americans, stated:

"The Task Force found unmistakable evidence that the readiness of this infrastructure has been seriously eroded. Some 30 posts have been closed in the past three years for lack of operating funds. Many of the remaining posts are shabby, unsafe and ill-equipped. All are handicapped by obsolete information technology. Staffing is highly uneven. The [State] Department's cadre of language and area specialists has been depleted and resources for public diplomacy are fast disappearing. ... Taken together, these developments contribute to an image of decline and withdrawal which disheartens our friends and allies and undermines our effectiveness abroad, as do the actual cuts out of our diplomatic muscle."

Beyond the impressions provided by the deterioration of the diplomatic infrastructure, however, reduced funding for our programs reinforces the view of our decline and withdrawal. Today there are insufficient funds to conduct diplomacy as we should - maintaining bilateral relations, meeting our obligations to international organizations, negotiating and implementing arms control agreements, promoting exports, fully participating in assistance programs and conducting public diplomacy. Further, because of the lack of funds, the government has had to choose, sometimes arbitrarily, which situations to engage in and which to ignore.

Both the Brookings/CFR Task Force and the Administration concluded that funding for international affairs must be increased to above $20 billion from the current $1 8.2 billion. While still well below the average of the 1980-1995 period, such an increase can help to advance our diplomatic readiness. Successful utilization of our diplomatic arm cannot be accomplished "on the cheap." We can afford to do more. We cannot afford to do less. We must not lower the American flag overseas. I look forward to your reply.

Sincerely yours,

Name

Address

City, State, Zip

A F S A NEWS • MARCH 1997 13 "FOREIGN AFFAIRS SPENDING IS ONLY 1% OF THE BUDGET,

BUT IT MAY DETERMINE 50% OF HISTORY WRITTEN

ABOUT OUR ERA"

Statements by Secretary of State Madeleine Albright During Her Senate Confirmation Hearing January 8, 1997

"Our nation is respected and at peace. Our alliances are vigorous. Our economy is strong....

"All this is no accident, and its continuation is by no means inevitable. Democratic progress must be sustained as it was built — by American leadership. And our leadership must be sus¬ tained if our interests are to be protected around the world.

"Do not doubt, those interests are not geopolitical abstractions. They are real.

"It matters to our children whether they grow up in a world where the dangers posed by weapons of mass destruction have been minimized or allowed to run out of control.

"It matters to the millions of Americans who work, farm or invest whether the global economy continues to create good new jobs and open new markets, or whether - through miscalculation or protectionism - it begins to spiral downward.

"It matters to our families whether illegal drugs continue to pour into our neighborhoods from overseas.

"It matters to Americans who travel abroad or go about their daily business at home whether the scourge of international terrorism is reduced.

"It matter to our workers and business people whether they will be unfairly forced to com¬ pete against companies that violate fair labor standards, despoil our environment or gain con¬ tracts not through competition but corruption.

"And it matters to us all whether through inattention or indifference, we allow small wars to grow into large ones that put our safety and freedom at risk.

"To defeat the dangers and seize the opportunities, we must be more than audience, more even than actors, we must be the authors of the history of our age.

"To cope with such a variety of threats, we will need a full range of foreign policy tools....

"To be effective, force and diplomacy must complement and reinforce each other. For there will be many occasions, in many places, where we will rely on diplomacy to protect our inter¬ ests, and we will expect our diplomats to defend those interests with skill, knowledge and spine.

"...(O)ne of my most important tasks will be to work with Congress to ensure that we have the superb diplomatic representation that our people deserve and our interests demand. We cannot have that on the cheap. We must invest the resources needed to maintain American leadership. Consider the stakes. We are talking here about one percent of our federal budget, but that one percent may well determine fifty percent of the history that is written about our era."

14 A F S A NEWS • MARCH 1997 AFSA CONGRESSIONAL DIRECTORY COMMITTEES

SENATE LEADERSHIP HOUSE LEADERSHIP

REPUBLICAN DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN DEMOCRAT

Trent Lott, MS Tom Daschle, SD Newt Gingrich, GA Majority Leader Minority Leader Speaker of the House S-230 The Capitol S221 The Capitol H-232 The Capitol (202) 224-3135 (202) 224-5556 (202) 225-0600

Richard Armey, TX Richard Gephardt, MO Majority Leader Minority Leader H-239 The Capitol H-204 The Capitol (202) 225-4000 (202) 225-0100

SENATE BUDGET COMMITTEE HOUSE BUDGET COMMITTEE 621 Dirksen Building 309 Cannon Building Republican Phone: (202) 224-0642 Republican Phone: (202) 226-7270 Democrat Phone: (202)224-3961 Democrat Phone: (202) 226-7200 www.senate.gov/committee/budget/html www.house.gov/budget

REPUBLICAN DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN DEMOCRAT Pete Domenici, NM, Chair Frank Lautenberg, NJ, RM John Kasich, OH, Chair John Spratt, SC,RM Charles Grassley, IA Ernest Hollings, SC David Hobson, OH Louise Slaughter, NY Don Nickles, OK Kent Conrad, ND Christopher Shays, CT Alan Mollohan, WV Phil Gramm, TX Paul Sarbanes, MD Wally Herger, CA Jerry Costello, IL Christopher Bond, MO Barbara Boxer, CA Jim Bunning, KY Patsy Mink, HI Slade Gorton, WA Patty Murray, WA Lamar Smith, TX Earl Pomeroy, ND Judd Gregg, NH Ron Wyden, OR Dan Miller, FL Lynn Woolsey, CA Olympia Snowe, ME Tim Johnson, SD Bob Franks, NJ Lucille Roybal-Allard,CA Spencer Abraham, Ml Richard Durbin, IL Nick Smith, Ml Lynn Rivers, Ml Bill Frist, TN Bob Inglis, SC Lloyd Doggett, TX Rod Grams, MN Susan Molinari, NY Bennie Thompson,MS Jim Nussle, IA Ben Cardin, MD Pete Hoekstra, Ml Scotty Baesler, KY John Shadegg, AZ David Minge, MN George Radanovich, CA Ken Bentsen, TX Charles Bass, NH Jim Davis, FL Mark Neumann, Wl Brad Sherman, CA Mike Parker, MS Bob Weygand, IN Bob Ehrlich, MD Gil Gutknecht, MN Van Hilleary, TN Kay Granger, TX John Sununu, NH Joseph Pitts, PA

RM: Ranking Minority Member

AFSA NEWS • MARCH 1997 15 AFSA CONGRESSIONAL DIRECTORY

SENATE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE HOUSE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE S-l 28 The Capitol H-21 8 The Capitol Republican Phone: (202) 224-3471 Democrat Phone: (202)2247200 Republican Phone: (202) 2252771 Democrat Phone: (202) 225-3481 www.senate.gov/committee/appropriations.html www.house.gov/appropriations/

REPUBLICAN DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN DEMOCRAT Ted Stevens, AK, Chair Robert C. Byrd, WV, RM Robert Livingston, LA, Chair David Obey, Wl, RM Thad Cochran, MS Daniel K. Inouye, HI Joseph McDade, PA Sidney Yates, IL Arlen Specter, PA Ernest Hollings, SC C.W. Bill Young, FL Louise Stokes, OH Pete Domenici, NM Patrick J. Leahy, VT Ralph Regula, OH John Murtha, PA Christopher Bond, MO Dale Bumpers, AR Jerry Lewis, CA Norman Dicks, WA Slade Gorton, WA Frank Lautenberg, NJ John Edward Porter, IL Martin Sabo, MN Mitch McConnell, KY Tom Harkin, IA Harold Rogers, KY Julian Dixon, CA Conrad Burns, MT Barbara Mikulski, MD Joe Skeen, NM Vic Fazio, CA Richard C. Shelby, AL Harry Reid, NV Frank Wolf, VA W. G. (Bill) Hefner, NC Judd Gregg, NH Herb Kohl, Wl Tom DeLay, TX Steny Hoyer, MD Robert Bennett, UT Patty Murray, WA Jim Kolbe, AZ Alan Mollohan, WV Ben Nighthorse Campbell, CO Byron Dorgan, ND Ron Packard, CA Marcy Kaptur, OH Larry Craig, ID Barbara Boxer, CA Sonny Callahan, AL David Skaggs, CO Kay Bailey Hutchison, TX James Walsh, NY Nancy Pelosi, CA Charles Taylor, NC Peter Visclosky, IN David Hobson, OH Thomas Foglietta, PA Ernest Istook, Jr. OK Esteban Torres, CA Henry Bonilla, TX Nita Lowey, NY Joe Knollenberg, Ml Jose Serrano, NY Dan Miller, FL Rosa DeLauro, CT Jay Dickey, AR James Moran, VA Jack Kingston, GA John Olver, MA Mike Parker, MS Ed Pastor, AZ Rodney Frelinghuysen, NJ Carrie Meek, FL Roger Wicker, MS David Price, NC Michael Forbes, NY Chet Edwards, TX George Nethercutt, WA Mark Neumann, Wl Randy "Duke" Cunningham, CA Todd Tiahart, KS Zack Wamp, TN Tom Latham, IA Anne Northup, KY Robert Aderholt, AL

SENATE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS HOUSE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 450 Dirksen Building 2170 Rayburn Building Republican Phone: (202) 2244651 Democratic Phone: (202)2243953 Republican Phone: (202) 2255021 Democratic Phone: (202) 2256735 www.senate.gov/committee/foreign.html www.house.gov/international_relations

REPUBLICAN DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN DEMOCRAT Jesse Helms, NC, Chair Joseph Biden, DE, RM Ben Gilman, NY, Chair Lee Hamilton, IN, RM Richard Lugar, IN Paul Sarbanes, MD William Goodling, PA Sam Gejdenson, CT Paul Coverdell, GA Christopher Dodd, CT James Leach, IA Tom Lantos, CA Craig Thomas, WY John Kerry, MA Henry Hyde, IL Howard Berman, CA Rod Grams, MN Charles Robb, VA Doug Bereuter, NE Gary Ackerman, NY John Ashcroft, MO Russell Feingold, Wl Christopher Smith, NJ Eni Faleomavaega, AS William Frist, TN Dianne Feinstein, CA Dan Burton, IN Matthew Martinez, CA Charles Hagel, NE Paul Wellstone, MN Elton Gallegly, CA Donald Payne, NJ Gordon Smith, OR lleana Ros-Lehtinen, FL Robert Andrews, NJ Cass Ballenger, NC Robert Menendez, NJ Dana Rohrabacher, CA Sherrod Brown, OH Donald Manzullo, IL Cynthia McKinney, GA Edward Royce, CA Alcee Hastings, FL Peter King, NY Pat Danner, MO Jay Kim, CA Earl Hilliard, AL Steve Chabot, OH Walter Capps, CA Mark Sanford, SC Brad Sherman, CA Matt Salmon, AZ Robert Wexler, FL Amo Houghton, NY Dennis Kucinich, OH Tom Campbell, CA Steve Rothman, NJ Jon Fox, CA Vacancy John McHugh, NY Lindsey Graham, SC Roy Blunt, MO RM: Ranking Minority Member Jerry Moran, KS

16 AFSA NEWS • MARCH 1997 AFSA CONGRESSIONAL DIRECTORY

SENATE COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS* HOUSE COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT REFORM* 340 Dirksen Building 2157 Rayburn Building Republican Phone: (202)224-4751 Republican Phone: (202) 225-5074 Democrat Phone: (202) 224-2627 Democrat Phone: (202) 225-5051 www.senate.gov/committee/ www.house.gov/ reform

REPUBLICAN DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN DEMOCRAT Fred Thompson, TN, Chair John Glenn, OH, RM Dan Burton, IN, Chair Henry Waxman, CA,RM William Roth, DE Carl Levin, Ml Ben Gilman, NY Tom Lantos, CA Ted Stevens, AK Joseph Lieberman, CT Dennis Hastert, IL Robert Wise, WV Susan Collins, ME Daniel Akaka, HI Constance Morelia, MD Major Owens, NY Sam Brownback, KS Richard Durbin, IL Christopher Shays, CT Paul Kanjorski, PA Pete Domenici, NM Robert Torricelli, NJ Steven Schiff, NM Gary Condit, CA Thad Cochran, MS Max Cleland, GA Christopher Cox, CA Collin Peterson, MN Don Nickles, OK lleana Ros-Lehtinen, FL Carolyn Maloney, NY Arlen Specter, PA John McHugh, NY Thomas Barrett, Wl Stephen Horn, CA Eleanor Norton, DC John Mica, FL Chaka Fattah, PA Tom Davis, VA Tim Holden, PA David McIntosh, IN Elijah Cummings, MD Mark Souder, IN Dennis Kucinich, OH Joe Scarborough, FL Rob Blagojevich, IL John Shadegg, AZ Steven LaTourette, OH Mark Sanford, SC Robert Ehrlich, MD John Sununu, NH Pete Sessions, TX Michael Pappas, NJ Kevin Brady, TX Vince Snowbarger, KS

OTHER WEB PAGES

American Foreign Service Association www.afsa.org White House www.whitehouse.gov/ Department of State www.state.gov/ United States Information Agency www.usia.gov United States Agency for International Development www.info.usaid.gov Peace Corps www.peacecorps.gov House of Representatives www.house.gov/ House Leadership www.house.gov/orgs_pub_hse_ldr_www.html Senate Leadership www.senate.gov General Accounting Office www.gao.gov/ Thomas (Library of Congress Legislative Information) http://thomas.loc.gov Yahoo Government Page www.yahoo.com/government/ ZIPPER (Find a Representative by 5-digit ZIP Code) www.voxpop.org/zipper/ Contacting Congress www.visi.com/juan/congress/ University of Michigan Federal Government Resources www/lib. umich.edu/libhome/Documents.center/federal.html

RM: Ranking Minority Member

*This committee handles government service issues such as intergovernmental personnel; the status of employees' compensation, classification, and retire¬ ment; federal paperwork reduction; holidays and celebrations; overall economy, efficiency and management of government operations and activities; the census; etc.

AFSA NEWS • MARCH 1997 17 Classifieds

Northern Virginia properties. within your per diem. Call (301) TIRED OF PAYING TOO Expertise and personal attention 279-0392 or fax SOJOURNER MUCH FOR PROPERTY to detail are the hallmarks of our HOUSING at (301) 762-7692 for MANAGEMENT? Northern A GREAT PROPERTY MANAG¬ established firm. References pro¬ brochure or reservations. E-mail: Virginia properties. Advertising ER! PEAKE MANAGEMENT. Do vided. LINDSEY PEAKE, 6842 Elm [email protected] of property in MLS & news¬ you want to make sure you have a Street, #303, McLean, VA paper, tenant screening, col¬ good property manager when 22101 (703) 691-2006, Fax lection of rent, & coordina¬ you're overseas? Call Peake. (703) 691-2009. tion of repairs. 1/2 one We make it easy for you. With month's rent leasing fee for 1 our active marketing program, year lease. Our management excellent tenant screening, thor¬ fee is 6.5% of one month's ough property inspections, month¬ rent. Over 25 years of com¬ ly statements, Internet communica¬ bined real estate experience. tion, good judgement, specializa¬ Mike Smith & Jennifer tion in property management, a Wheeler, Re/max Horizons friendly and experienced staff (and Inc., 6922-C Little River more), we have no competition. Turnpike, Annandale, VA Ask your friends about us. 22003. (703) 354-9200, toll You're sure to find several that free (800) 333-3077, e-mail: have worked with us. We'd love to homes@remaxcentral .com work with you. Lindsey Peake or (Ms.) Scott Bell 703-448-0212. FAX 703-448- WASHINGTON MANAGE¬ 9652. INTERNET: 75702.3176 MENT SERVICES: Residential prop¬ @compuserve.com 6842 Elm erty management is our only busi¬ Street, #303, McLean, VA 22101. ness. Call or write: 2015 Q St. DIPLOMAT PROPERTIES, INC. NW, Washington, D.C. 20009. We're proud to provide excellence Tel. (202) 462-7212, E-mail: in property management during [email protected] your assignment abroad. Serving REAL ESTATE No. Va. only. (Owned and operat¬ ed by a former Foreign Service A UNIQUE TIME TO BUY! The family). We offer the following: Northern Virginia real estate mar¬ highly experienced management, ket continues to favor buyers. quality tenants, superior mainte¬ Combined with low interest rates nance, strong communication, MANOR SERVICES: Former and stable home prices, it's a great effective advertising at no extra federal law enforcement officer, time to buy. cost, 24 hour emergency service. offers BEST tenant screening. Having provided exclusive rep¬ Get to know us, a company that Frequent inspections. Mortgages resentation as a buyer agent to cares. For management services paid. Repairs. Close PERSONAL Foreign Service personnel over the information, contact: Robin attention. We're small, but VERY past ten years, we can focus quick¬ Gomez, Tel. (703) 522-5900, Fax effective. FS and Mil. refs. Our rates ly and efficiently on your special (703) 525-4713. E-mail: dip- are lower than anyone on this housing requirements. Discover [email protected] 3900 N. page. And our SERVICE is better, How Much You Can Buy...And Fairfax Drive, Suite 204, too. Compare-you'll see. We don't How To Get It Now. Contact Arlington, VA 22203. sell, we do "HANDS-ON" man¬ MARILYN CANTRELL, CRS, GRI. J.P. PROPERTIES, LTD.: agement, only. TERSH NORTON Associate Broker at McEnearney Complete professional dedication Box 42429, Washington, DC Associates, 1320 Old Chain to the management of residential 20015 (202) 363-2990, Fax (202) Bridge Rd, McLean, VA 22101, tel property in Northern Virginia. Our 363-4736; [email protected] (703)790-9090, fax (703) 734- SHORT TERM HOUSING professionals will provide personal 9460, e-mail: [email protected] offered by CORPORATE&EXEC- attention to your home, careful ten¬ AUSTIN, TX: Lakeway homes UTIVE TEMPORARY HOUSING ant screening, and video inspec¬ and homesites outside of Austin on INC. Your best resource for qual¬ tions of your property. We are 65-mile-long Lake Travis. Three ity, cost effective short term hous¬ equipped to handle all of your 18-hole golf courses, World of ing at hundreds of locations in property management needs. We Tennis Center, 400-slip marina, D.C., Maryland & Virginia. work 7 days a week! Over 19 4000 ft. airstrip. Contact ROY & Flexible arrangements for nightly, years real estate experience and Assoc. 1411 RR 620 South Austin, weekly or monthly stays. Near Foreign Service overseas living TX 78734. 1-800-513-4455. Metros. Pet locafions available. experience. JOANN PIEKNEY, ELEGANT APARTMENTS AT 1-800-933-8367 or Fax 1-703- 301 Maple Ave. W., 4-C, Vienna, RIVER PLACE. Arlington, VA; 271-8039. VA 22180. Tel. (703) 938-0909 Efficiencies one-, two- bedrooms, SUN CITY, AZ, Free info pack¬ FAX (703) 281-9782 E-MAIL: two blocks from metro, FSI. Bike or ets, 55 and over retirement com¬ [email protected] Metro to Pentagon. Superior fur¬ munity. Golf courses, rec. centers, FAHEY & ASSOCIATES: nishings, immediate phone and properties from the $40s. Ask for Professional, residential, proper¬ CATV, microwave, linens and JULIE WILSON 1-800-432-4595, ty management service for many amenities. Site has spa, rates Ext. 1776 KEN MEADE REALTY.

18 AFSA NEWS • MARCH 1997 Classifieds

Service. Available for consulta¬ the IRS, computerized tax ser¬ GRIEVANCES: MANDATORY tion, tax planning, and prepara¬ vices, financial planning, mem¬ RETIREMENT OR SEPARATION? SHORT TERM RENTALS, ROSS- tion of returns. M. BRUCE ber AICPA, Tax Division & LYN, VA. AREA. New, Decorator HIRSHORN, BORING, & PILGER, Suite Personal Financial Mgmt. DEFECTIVE EER? furnished 1-2 Bedroom Apts with D, 307 Maple Avenue, West, Division. 30-minute Free consul¬ Attorney with 17 years suc¬ great housewares&accessories. Vienna, VA 22180. Tel. (703) tation. Phone/FAX (706) 769- cessful experience SPECIAL¬ Local phone service, utilities, cable 281-2161, Fax: (703) 281-9464. 8976. 1091 Chaddwyck Drive, IZING IN FS GRIEVANCES TV included. Individual ATTORNEY, MASTER'S IN Athens, GA 30606. will represent you to protect washer/dryer, microwave. Two TAX: Ten years experience vital interests in these or pools, fitness center, covered park¬ ■mznniBHi preparing tax returns and advis¬ other career matters includ¬ ing. Some pets. Located between ing clients on 3 continents. Author ing non-promotion, selection the Rosslyn and Courthouse of THE EX-PAT'S GUIDE TO U.S. ATTORNEY/ out, non-tenuring, discipli¬ Metrorail stations. Call or Fax: TAXES. Recently returned from ARBITRATOR nary actions at State, AID, Corporate & Executive Temporary South Africa. Now available for USIA and Commerce. CALL Housing Inc. 1-800-933-8367 or tax consultation and preparation. Former Foreign Service BRIDGET R. MUGANE (202) Fax 1-703-271-8039. Clients overseas welcome. JANE Grievance Board Member 387-4383 (Farragut Square) BRUNO, 4809 N. 25th St., with 25 years experience in SHORT-TERM RENTALS Arlington, VA 22207. Tel (703) employment and personnel or (301) 596-0175. E-mail: 525-3327. FAX: (703) 525- law before MSPB, FLRA and [email protected]. Free ini¬ Foreign Service Associates can 3327. EEOC. Specializing in Federal tial telephone consultation. provide fully furnished apart¬ AFSA TAX COUNSEL: employee grievances concern¬ ments at River Place just 5 min¬ Problems of tax and finance: ing performance evaluations, ELDER LAW ATTORNEY: utes from the new NFATC facility Never a charge to AFSA mem¬ disciplinary actions, involun¬ Focus on personal situations and one block from SA-15. We bers for telephone guidance. tary removal, sexual harass¬ involving seniors and their fami¬ have efficiencies, 1 bedrooms, R.N. Bob Dussell (ex-A.I.D.) at ment and discrimination lies including estate planning, and some 2 bedrooms, usually tax work both within and without based on handicap (including long term care, wills, Durable within your per diem. Apts, are I.R.S. since 1937. Now solely in alcohol and drug abuse). Free Powers of Attorney, Living Wills, fully furnished kitchens, cable TV, practice to assist Foreign Service Initial Consultation. SAM estate administration and telephone, linens, and all utilities employees and their families. HORN, TEL. and FAX. guardianship. Assistance with included. Write FOREIGN SERVICE Also lectures on TAX LAW at FSI (301) 933-9723 problems affecting older family ASSOCIATES, P.O. BOX 12855, every month since 1970 at members while you are abroad. Arlington, VA 22209 or Rosslyn, VA. BOB DUSSELL (703) Ardith Rockar Pugh, 515 King call 1 -800-993-6997 or 841-0158, FAX (703) 522- ATTORNEY Street, Suite 400, Alexandria, VA 22314. (703) 836-0325. FAX 1-540-636-7606. E-mail: 5726. Office is 100 feet from FORMER FOREIGN SERVICE fsassoc@shentel. net Virginia Sq. Metro station at ESTATE PLANNING/FAMILY 3601 Fairfax Drive, Arlington, LIVING TRUSTS. Former FSO OFFICER NOW PRACTICING VA 22201. specializing in Estate Planning/ LAW IN DC/MD. General prac¬ TEMPORARY HOUSING COMPLETE TAX & ACCOUNT¬ Living Trusts/Family Limited tice; Estate planning: wills, trusts, ING SERVICES: Specialize in Partnerships/Chari table living wills, powers of attorney; NFATC Bound? D.C. TOUR? Foreign Service and overseas Remainder Trusts throughout probate administration; domestic Call EXECUTIVE HOUSING contractor situations, VIRGINIA M. U.S., offers FREE INFORMA¬ relations; Foreign Service CONSULTANTS, INC., the TEST, CPA 2595 Chandler Ave., TION KIT for FSOs overseas Grievances. Gregory V. Powell; Washington area's short-term and CONUS. Preserve family Furey, Doolan & Abell, LLP; 8401 rental specialists. Metro loca¬ #18, Las Vegas, NV 89120, wealth, care for you/your fami¬ Connecticut Ave., #1100, Chevy tions. In Virginia: "THE BEST (702) 795-3648, FAX (702) 433- Chase, MD 20815-5803. (301) OF RIVER PLACE" — walk to 9191. ly in event of emergency/death- 652-6880; fax (301) 652-8972. Rosslyn metro and FREE TAX CONSULTATION: save up to hundreds of thou¬ WILLS/ESTATE PLANNING: Georgetown; 15 mins, on For overseas personnel. We sands of dollars in lawyer, pro¬ by attorney who is a former Metro bus or State shuttle to process returns as received, with¬ bate fees and taxes. Foreign Service officer. Have NFATC. In D.C. and out delay. Preparation and rep¬ Donald J. Purser, Esq., has your will reviewed and updated, MARYLAND: Selection of fur¬ resentation by Enrolled Agents. taught lawyers, CPAs and or a new one prepared. No nished apartments, townhouses Federal and all states prepared Financial Planners basic and charge for initial consultation. M. and houses. Some allow pets. includes "TAX TRAX" unique advanced planning. Send or e- For further information: FAX mini-financial planning review mail for fimely and valuable BRUCE HIRSHORN, BORING & (301) 907-7329; PHONE with recommendations. Full plan¬ information on how to keep PlLGER, Suite D, 307 Maple Ave., (301) 951-4111; e-mail exch- ning available. Get the most from your dreams alive even after W., Vienna, VA 22180. Tel. [email protected] or write EXEC¬ your financial dollar! Financial death. Be a dreamkeeper! (703) 281-2161, FAX (703) UTIVE HOUSING CON¬ Forecasts Inc., Barry B. De Marr, Find out why estates plan¬ 281-9464. SULTANTS, 7315 Wisconsin CFP, EA 1001 N. Highland St. ning is important for everyone- Ave., Suite 603 East, Bethesda, #301 Arlington, Va 22201, not just the wealthy! SERVICES Md. 20814. Clarendon Metro, (703)841- Send request for free infor¬ 1040, FAX (703)841-5865. mation packet and audiotape BABYSITTER/HOUSEKEEPER TAX & FINANCIAL ROLAND S. HEARD, CPA: to: Donald J. Purser, Esq., AVAILABLE. Relocating Foreign Service family seeks a nice family S Will offer the same excellent ser¬ Kinavy Mansion, 236 South miiij vice in Athens, GA as he did in Third East, Salt Lake City, Utah in Washington area for our won¬ ATTORNEY, FORMER FOR¬ Vienna, VA. Has worked over¬ 84111; FAX (801) 537-1212; derful live-in babysitter/house¬ EIGN SERVICE OFFICER: seas, is familiar with Foreign TEL (801) 532-3555; E-MAIL: keeper. Excellent with children. Extensive experience with tax Service and contract employee [email protected]. Lucy Tamlyn, 212-415-4277 problems peculiar to the Foreign situations, has practiced before (Department dial 4-4277).

MARCH 1997 • AFSA NEWS 19 Classifieds SERVICES Center, Dulles, Va. USDA Licensed Intermediate Handler. PURCHASES PURCHASES & TEL: (703) 709-1111, SERVICES Cut your phone bills in half! Fax:(703)709-8545. 110-220-VOLT CHANEACO — Official & GlobalPhone's Callback service BOOKS EXPORT PRODUCTS personal — auto/truck parts, lets you call from any phone in ANY U.S. BOOK in print. industrial/plumbing/appli- the world, at LOW U.S. tele¬ Transformers, Voltage Regulators, Send check when books arrive. TV/VCR, Electronics, Appliances, ance parts. 20 yrs expxp. To 3(30 phone rates. No monthly fees. SALMAGUNDI BOOKS, 66 Main St. Office Products/Supplies, posts. 412-222-5732 Fax: US Calling Card included. Call, Cold Spring, NY 10516. e-Mail 412-222-2555. [email protected] EMBASSY Phone: (703) 845- or send fax or e-mail today for 0800, FAX: (703) 820-9385, E- BOOKS, BOOKS, BOOKS: rates and immediate service! mail: embassy@embassy- We have thousands in stock, do GLOBALPHONE CORP. usa.com. Visit Our Showroom, special-orders daily, search for 3916 Lincolnshire Street, (Check Display Ad.) Annandale, Virqinia 22003 out-of-print books, large selec¬ USA tion of CDs and Cassettes ; Jazz Phone: 703-256-3399 a specialty. Visa or Mastercard. MISCELLANEOUS THE VERMONT BOOK SHOP, 220V COMPUTERS FOR Fax: 703-256-1313 38 Main Street, Middlebury, VT EXPORT. IBM-Compatible com¬ E-mail: [email protected] 05753. puter systems specially config¬ SCHOLARSHIPS Web Page: ured for 220V use overseas. www.delve.com/ global- MAIL ORDER Name-brand & clone systems, $15,000 IN SCHOLARSHIPS! phone. htmF BEADS FROM AROUND THE monitors, laser & inkjet Printers Available to members of State WORLD. Jewelry Findings and by HP and others, peripherals, Department Federal Credit Components. Stringing uninterruptable power supplies, Union. Requirements: finan¬ RETURNING TO WASHING¬ Materials. Tools, Books, Tips and surge suppressors, voltage reg¬ cial need, minimum 2.5 GPA, TON? We receive your pets, More. For catalog send $5 ulators, networking, software, minimum 12 college credits meet your plane, board your (redeemable with order) to: accessories, supplies, every¬ completed. Deadline April pets, ship pets worldwide. BEADZIP, 2316-D Sarah Lane, thing! Ph-703-516-0300, Fx 11, 1997. For application, Information CLO office. Falls Church, VA 22043, (703) 703-276-1581, e-mail: call Linda Checchi at (703) Inspections invited, send a 849-8463. [email protected]. 706-5024. friend. Dulles Executive Pet

NOTICE TO OUR MEMBERS

In early December the AFSA Governing Board, in accordance with the bylaws, voted to increase membership dues by 2.9% to meet increased costs. We anticipated agencies implementing this action in March of 1997, but to our surprise some have implemented the increase earlier then expected which did not allow us to give you advance notice.

Your Boards philosophy has been to make modest increases in dues to keep pace with increased expenses AFSA faces. AFSAs largest expense item, not unlike the Foreign Affairs agencies, is per¬ sonnel. Despite eliminating staff positions, and giving significantly lower annual increases to our staff, expenses have increased.

This increase, plus the downsizing of the agencies and reduced hiring which have resulted in the first significant decrease in AFSA membership in 10 years, have made this dues adjustment neces¬ sary. The impact on active duty members is a modest 10 to 21 cents per pay period and $1.00 to $2.00 per year for retired members. We appreciate your understanding and support.

20 AFSA NEWS • MARCH 1997 Focus

Will China kill the goo.sc that lays the golden eggsP “China” is an abstraction, represented in Hong Kong by real people pursuing profit who may bend the rides if they can get away with it.

ABCs first major move had been to pay billions of it was foundering in the 1980s. Tung long ago repaid dollars for government-owned, harbor-front land the loan, but his personal debt to these men remains. needed as a site for the new complex. But ABC’s pur¬ Their first request is brazen: the Hong Kong govern¬ chase couldn’t have been more badly timed. The pur¬ ment should simply declare the land sale null and void chase had set a new record for high land prices in and return ABC Cargo’s billions in full. Hong Kong’s already stratospheric real estate market. But such favoritism would be blatantly obvious and A few weeks later, the real estate market crashed and offensive even to unschooled Hong Kong residents ABC’s loss on paper was $1 billion. Even worse, the and, even worse, would spark demands for equal basic premise of the entire complex had collapsed. treatment from a dozen other recent purchasers of The planners looked at the average double-digit government land. As the pressure grows, however, a growth in shipments to and from China since the early bailout scheme slowly starts to take shape. The gov¬ 1980s and projected those growth figures into the dis¬ ernment will force the older and highly profitable tant future, ignoring as a temporaiy aberration the XYZ Cargo Co. to purchase ABC Cargo at a premium stagnation in shipments that had begun a few months price that wipes out its loss. In return, Tung and his before the land purchase. But now it is clear that the officials will guarantee XYZ Cargo a virtual monopoly stagnation has heralded a serious cyclical downturn in in the cargo business for years to come, allowing it to the Chinese economy that will take years to turn charge high prices that wall more than make up the around. There will be no need for the new cargo-han¬ cost of absorbing ABC Cargo. dling complex. In short, ABC Cargo has a huge nega¬ An economist in Hong Kong’s Civil Service is tive net worth and is effectively bankrupt. ordered to draw up a paper justifying the move but Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa, the man who has instead bravely writes a scathing analysis pointing out taken over the job of the British governor, has been that the move will reward a reckless company, penal¬ receiving full reports on ABC Cargo s plight. Although ize a successful and efficient one, and, most troubling he’s concerned, he doesn’t intend to deviate from the of all, substantially raise the cost structure of Hong old British policy of laissez-faire that takes it as a given Kong’s previously highly efficient port complex. Those that bankruptcies and failures are inevitable in a free extra costs in turn will ripple through the entire Hong market. But then Tung starts receiving calls and visits Kong economy. The report is suppressed and the from powerful PRC officials and their representatives economist is banished to the Statistical Unit. in Hong Kong. They all invoke the need to calm mar¬ Just as the forced merger of ABC and XYZ is about kets and stabilize the economy, but what they’re real¬ to be signed, sealed and delivered, the economist’s ly asking is that Tung bail out ABC Cargo — thereby scathing report mysteriously surfaces in a leading reimbursing their personal losses. Hong Kong business newspaper. The paper is raided These are special circumstances, they say. All by the police and shut down for printing “secret” gov¬ they’re asking for is a special, one-time favor. Among ernment information. Although there’s no direct evi¬ the supplicants are the officials to whom Tung is per¬ dence that he leaked his own report, the economist is sonally deeply indebted: those who helped arrange a jailed for subversion Indeed, both moves are plausible $120 million loan to Tung himself to rescue his Orient under existing and new laws. Armed with this new Overseas (International) Ltd. shipping company when information, a group of U.S. and other foreign com-

MARCH 199 7/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 31 Focus

panies that will be hurt by this scheme sends its undermined. Such developments would directly lawyers into court in Hong Kong seeking an injunc¬ affect U.S. companies not only by increasing costs but tion to delay the merger until the courts have suffi¬ also by decreasing the predictability of the entire cient time to examine the legality and for the new leg¬ business climate. islature, composed of appointees and a few democra¬ What’s more, all of the above could happen without tically elected representatives, to debate the issue. any change in official PRC policy of allowing Hong C.H. Tung picks up the phone and calls the judge Kong a large degree of autonomy and not making any on the case. “Just this once,” and “Not for me, but for fundamental changes for the next 50 years. Instead, Hong Kong,” pleads Tung. “Please reject the request individual actors pursuing economic self-interest in for an injunction, despite its legal merits,” he says. the Hong Kong tradition, but using their PRC-based The judge, indebted to the chief executive for past political power to do so, may prove to have enough favors, agrees. A few hours later, the merger agree¬ influence collectively to subvert Hong Kong slowly ment is signed and it’s a fait accompli. and incrementally and, ultimately, beyond recognition. This scenario may have been hypothetical but it This detracts from the optimists’ common argument illustrates most of the concerns expressed by U.S. that Beijing has no intention of radically changing or businesspeople in several not-for-attribution discus¬ subverting Hong Kong because it is so valuable to sions. It shows how easily the professionalism of the China as it is today — a source of investment capital, Civil Service, the integrity of the judiciary, the inde¬ foreign exchange earnings, managerial and technical pendence of the media, and even the highly honed expertise, as well as the same financial, trade and legal efficiency of the economy itself could all be quickly services for which U.S. corporations value Hong Kong. OVER 37.000 VBEOS AT YOUR FNSERTPS! "One of the biggest and most varied catalogs I've seen." ROGER EBERT, Movie Home Companion

"The definitive source for practically every currently available video in print." LEONARD MALTIN, TV Movies & Video Guide

The giant 720-page MOVIES UNLIMITED VIDEO CATALOG describes over 37,000 available video titles in every imaginable category: classics from the '30s, '40s and '50s; old-time "B" westerns and movie serials; an amazing array of foreign films; hard-to-find cult collectibles; thousands of comedies and dramas; golden age musicals; new releases and much, much more. It's a movie collector's dream! CALL TODAY OR SEND IN THE ORDER FORM RELOW

□ YES! Please send me the Movies Unlimited Video Catalog. Encloded is: $5.00 DISCOUNT □ $10.95 for U.S. Address Shipment. COUPON INCLUDED! □ $29.95 for Outside U.S. Shipment.

Only... 3015 Darnell Road □ I’m interested in adult movies. Enclosed is Philadelphia, PA 19154 $3.50 additional for your giant adult catalog. m Call 24 Hours A Day: In The U.S.: Plus Shipping Charges: 1-800-4 MOVIES U.S. Or APO Address: $3.00 Foreign Address: $22.00 Outside The U.S.: City _ _ State/Country All payments in U.S. funds. 1 215 637 4444 Zip — . Phone ( )„

32 FOREIGN SERVICE ] O URN AL/M ARC H 1997 Focus

In short, as it’s often put, China won’t kill the goose tion about any dirty business to the local and foreign that lays the golden eggs. But “China” is an abstrac¬ media in Hong Kong. Certainly individual U.S. com¬ tion. It is represented in Hong Kong by real people panies can’t risk blowing the whistle, given the high pursuing profit and advantage who, it’s widely feared, cost they might pay for such forthrightness. will bend the system to that end if they can get away If The Formula does indeed unravel and U.S. com¬ with it. panies begin cutting back their Hong Kong operations A final point raised by this scenario: There seems or withdrawing altogether, the loss to the U.S. econo¬ little that the U.S. government or U.S. companies my as a whole would be incalculable. And “incalcula¬ could do to halt a destructive process like this exam¬ ble” is indeed the only word that fits. Conventional ple. Despite publicity, despite public protest, no one calculations of the U.S. stake in Hong Kong only hint can be certain how much good either wall do. U.S. at what’s at risk. The U.S. government counts 1,000 companies can leave, but that’s admitting defeat. U.S. companies in Hong Kong, including the vitally Perhaps by now U.S. intelligence has an extensive important 240 firms that maintain their regional network of human “assets” deep inside the business headquarters in Hong Kong as well as other American community, the judiciary, the Civil Service and the firms incorporated in the United States. local media so that events can at least be monitored. But this ignores the hundreds, if not thousands, of additional, Hong Kong-incorporated firms that are If Washington were truly bold in pursuing U.S. owned, run or ultimately controlled by U.S. citizens interests in Hong Kong, it would, when possible, and that ultimately benefit the U.S. economy. Many, approve calculated leaks of intelligence informa¬ if not most, of such companies sell products or ser- Need Auto Parts NOW?

State-Side Auto Supply is your world-wide professional supplier of auto parks and accessories for all makes and models of automobiles manufactured for the U.S. market. (^| We will get you the correct part FAST - usually in M less than 7 days. fj If you are not sure of the exact parts, hardware or accessories you need, call us for assistance and we will help you place your order. (f/: We accept all Government PO’s as well as personal orders, and we give priority attention to urgently needed items. *f No order is too large or too small!

211 Southwest Road FAX: 603-783-0257 Canterbury, NH USA 03224 State-Side E-mail: statesidel @aol.com PHONE: 603-783-9361 Order forms sent on request Call Bob Chisholm today Auto Supply We accept VISA and MasterCard

PHONE OR FAX YOUR ORDER 24 HOURS A DAY, 7 DAYS A WEEK

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 33 Focus

vices to the U.S. business community in Hong Kong is usually leased, rarely owned. Instead, U.S. busi¬ or serve as intermediaries between the economies of nesses have made enormous investments in training Asia and the United States. people and refining processes to move information Some 37,000 American citizens are long-term resi¬ and financial assets in and out of Hong Kong and to dents of Hong Kong, the majority of whom are active¬ provide a range of highly specialized services to ly involved in business or dependents of those who branches of their companies all over Asia. These peo¬ are. Yet a broader definition of the American commu¬ ple and processes are intangible assets, but are central nity in Hong Kong would include the hundreds of to success in the post-industrial, knowledge-based thousands of local Hong Kong residents who work for economy emerging worldwide. U.S. companies. Indeed, according to U.S. Consul It would be virtually impossible for most U.S. com¬ General Richard Boucher, almost 10 percent of the panies in Hong Kong to set up duplicate operations entire Hong Kong work force is employed by U.S. elsewhere in Asia. An attempt by a fleeing U.S. firm companies. merely to realize a rough approximation of the sophis¬ These hundreds of thousands of employees hint at tication and efficiency of its Hong Kong operations in the real U.S. stake in Hong Kong. On paper, U.S. another Asian city would in most cases be enormous¬ direct investment in Hong Kong is a respectable but ly expensive in time as well as money. That is why by no means awesome $14 billion. In fact, a large even a small exodus by U.S companies from Hong majority of U.S. companies active in Hong Kong don’t Kong in the months and years following the June 30 have any substantial direct financial investment there handover will be a sign that things are going very at all. Even the high-priced office space they occupy badly. While the possible, gradual destruction of A THRILLER Hong Kong’s unique economy is the great¬ est material threat to U.S. interests after ABOUTTHE June 30, Beijing’s heavy-handed attempts to suppress civil liberties could well prove to be the hottest Hong FOREIGN SERVICE Kong-related issue in the United States. At first glance, this seems unlikely. After all, the State “In this hardcover debut, Kimball writes Department’s report on human rights issued in intelligently and with power. The action January effectively conceded that U.S. efforts to fur¬ scenes that propel ther the causes of democracy and human rights in the narrative are tephenjfo China were a total failure. first rate.” mhali That’s accurate if the criterion is Beijing’s success

— Publisher’s Weekly in effectively suppressing individual pro-democracy activists. But a momentous shift is underway. Instead -A of focusing on individual dissidents inside the PRC itself, U.S. critics of Chinese political repression are focusing on the Chinese periphery — specifically, TO ORDER Tibet, Taiwan and, above all, Hong Kong — where DEATH DUTY the issues are more understandable, and more emo¬ BY STEPHEN rfjfi tion-laden, to many Americans. In Tibet, the issue is KIMBALL, the destruction of a nation and a culture and a reli¬ CALL DUTTON gion. In Taiwan, the issue is the U.S. obligation to SIGNET AT ensure that an island democracy isn’t forced into reunification with the mainland without the consent 1-800-253-6476 Lin of its people.

34 FOREIGN SERVICE J OU RN AL/M ARC H 1997 Focus

America ha.s a huge stake in what happens in Hong Kong. Some 37,000 American citizens are long-term residents of Hong Kong, and U.S. companies employ about 10 percent of the workforce.

In Hong Kong, it’s already clear that one issue will such a crackdown begins in Hong Kong. be Beijing’s suppression of civil liberties that were ■ The military. Negotiations between Beijing and long taken for granted under British rule, even Washington over future visits by U.S. Navy ships — before there were laws guaranteeing those liberties. currently 60 to 80 a year — have already yielded an In jeopardy are more than such traditional political agreement in principle that such visits will continue. rights as the freedom of assembly that allows meet¬ But it’s likely that the number of visits will decline sig¬ ings and protest marches. The pro-democracy move¬ nificantly, if only because there will no longer be the ment in Hong Kong is peopled with sophisticated, high level of trust between U.S. military officers and Western-educated men and women who are already British officials in Hong Kong that ensured the British demonstrating their great skills at cultivating and would quickly approve U.S. requests for ship visits. In using the media of the United States and other the meantime, the British, as part of the overall Western countries. Indeed, they often act as if they takeover deal with China, have completed construct¬ have two constituencies: the people of Hong Kong ing a naval base in Hong Kong with much greater and the people of the United States. The byline of capacity than the British ever enjoyed. Martin Lee, Hong Kong’s most visible democrat, Indeed, Hong Kong could serve as a key base in any appears regularly in leading U.S. newspapers. Clearly major future Chinese military offensive in the South any suppression of the democracy movement will make China Sea. Thus the Hong Kong handover also becomes waves not only in the U.S. media but also in Congress. part of the shift in relative power between China and the Freedom of the press is in some ways the most vital United States already under way. Separately, the U.S. in Hong Kong because it is entwined with both politics intelligence community worries that the handover will and the economy. China has already jailed Hong Kong greatly enhance the PRC’s ability to use Plong Kong as a journalists, reporting from Beijing, for revealing eco¬ base for espionage and illicit technology transfer. nomic statistics that hadn’t yet been released by the ■ The osmosis factor. The border between Hong authorities. Today, American companies in Hong Kong Kong and China is already much softer than it was a with trade and investment exposure in China rely on decade or two ago. PRC officials of all stripes can the local media for accurate and uncensored informa¬ already be seen operating freely in both China and tion about conditions there. Hong Kong. Washington is committed by law to treat¬ Other potential problems include: ing Hong Kong as a separate jurisdiction after June ■ Religious groups. One potential troublespot 30. But what if that becomes more and more of a fic¬ often widely overlooked is the religious community. tion? How, for instance, would the Immigration and At both ends of the Christian continuum — Roman Naturalization Service respond if it is learned that any Catholics and evangelical Christians — leaders and PRC citizen can “buy” a Hong Kong passport for activists skeptical of PRC promises of religious toler¬ $500? What would the U.S. Customs Service do if ance have already put together parallel underground PRC companies escalate their efforts to affix Hong organizations so their churches can survive a PRC Kong-origin documents to PRC-made products? crackdown. Many members of these churches have Though some of the answers wall be clear as of strong ties with their American co-religionists who midnight June 30, others will manifest themselves can be counted on to protest loudly in Washington if much more slowly over time. ■

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 35 Focus ON HONG KONG

A CITY BULLISH ON ITSELF

As FUNDS FLOW BACK, FUTURE FOR BUSINESS PREDICTED AS ROBUST

BIJ Dan Kubiske

he future’s so bright for Hong Kong’s business community, members may have to don shades tliis summer. With 24-carat gold frames, of course. That kind of unbridled confidence continues for a glowing business climate after Chinas takeover, fueled by the belief that the mainland won’t tamper with what has made tliis city one of the world’s leading financial centers. Yet a small group of pessimists fear that, if Beijing has its way, the city may see more shadow than light. According to the results of an annual business confidence survey by the American Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong, more than 95 percent of the 663 members surveyed believe die city’s business environment will be “favorable” or

36 FOREIGN SERVICE J OU RN AL/M ARC H 1997 Focus

For three consecutive years, Hong Kong has had the worlds freest economy, according to the 1997 Index of Economic Freedom, which rates the worlds economies on 10 factors.

“very favorable” for the next five years — the highest Chinese want Hong Kong to succeed,” says Kamman, approval rating since the survey began in 1992. Only 4 “because Hong Kong is the pawn. Taiwan is the queen. percent of respondents — an all-time low — was pes¬ The Chinese hope to show Taiwan drat the special admin¬ simistic. The chamber has 1,100 members. istrative region system will be good for Taiwan.” Beijing is “This pretty well follows what people expect. No aware diat any overt attempt to direcdy tamper with immediate disasters,” says Stephen Yates, a political ana¬ Hong Kong’s economy would fan the flames of Tawainese lyst for the Heritage Foundation, a conservative independence and drive die island nation further away Washington think tank that for three years in a row has politically, says Yates. ranked Hong Kong as No. 1 in its Index of Economic Freedom. “Changes that do occur will instead be a long, But as Hong Kong’s largest single investor and trad¬ slow and subtle process,” he said in an interview. ing partner, die China government — widi a “Hong Kong now has the worlds freest economy,” robust 18 percent of all direct investment — will noted the 1997 report, which rated tire world’s economies undoubtedly try to influence the city’s economy. on 10 factors, including capital flows, foreign investment, Individual Chinese investors are also heavily vested in the banking systems, wage and price controls, property rights, fate of Hong Kong, funneling $20 billion into the city in monetary policy and black market activities. ‘There is lit¬ 1994 alone, die last year for which numbers were avail¬ tle government interference in die marketplace,” it said. able, which makes investors from China the third-largest “Taxes are low and predictable; increases in government group after the United Kingdom and Japan. Conversely, spending are linked closely to economic growdr; foreign 60 percent of investment in mainland China is drawn trade is free; and regulations, in addition to being trans¬ from Hong Kong. American investment in Hong Kong, parent, are applied both uniformly and consistentiy.” die fourtli-largest sum, remains an important factor in die Business owners believe China has more selfish rea¬ development and strength of the Crown Colony. sons for adhering to the 1984 agreement with Britain and According to the Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office to the 1990 Basic Law: China needs a robust Hong Kong in Washington, D.C., some $13 billion from 426 U.S. to spark additional development on the mainland and as firms was invested in Hong Kong in 1996, about 12 per¬ a positive example to lure back Taiwan. Alan Kamman, cent of total investment in die city. author of a study on die business climate in Hong Kong Trade ties are also strong among the diree countries. after 1997 and the managing director of the Global China accounted for more tiian $70 billion in exports and Group in Helena, Calif., says city business leaders told re-exports to Hong Kong in 1995, about 36 percent of all him they expect China will seek to modify bodi die 1984 imported goods and other re-exported items. That year, and the 1990 documents, but will not substantially U.S. shipments to Hong Kong accounted for $44.4 billion change the way the city operates as a business center. worth of goods for domestic use or re-export. Goods pro¬ Allowing Hong Kong to maintain its capitalistic ways is duced in Hong Kong for export show China and die also an important signal to Taiwan, which Beijing desper¬ United States in a virtual dead heat, widi die two coun¬ ately wants to bring back under its wing, he says. “The tries’ combined imports from Hong Kong totaling 53.8 percent. In 1995 Hong Kong exported $8 billion of goods Dan Kubiske, a Foreign Service spouse, is a freelance to China and $7.9 billion to the United States. The influ¬ writer. ence of the flow of Chinese funds into Hong Kong has

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 37 Focus

reverberated in the political arena, as the city’s media exer¬ Hong Kong has been relatively free of the high levels of cise self-censorship to avoid offending advertisers who corruption seen in China, which recently placed on fiffli- want to maintain good relations with China, according to highest of most corrupt countries out of 54 surveyed by the the State Departments 1996 Human Rights Report. C.H. ICAC. Hong Kong was ranked 36, flanked by Japan and Tung, tire shipping magnate chosen as Hong Kong’s chief France. In 1995, the last year for which full figures are executive officer as of July 1, is seen as good for business, available, 3,232 cases of alleged corruption were filed in says Yates. “He makes a clear distinction between politics the city. Almost half of those, or 1,354 cases, involved gov¬ and business,” he says. Tung, whose name translates as ernment officials or representatives of other public bodies. “Build China,” is viewed as cautious, but honest. By the end of 1995, the ICAC had recommended 2,342 The business community’s focus on its drive to stem cases for investigation, with 443 officials convicted. corruption, a practice rampant in mainland China, indi¬ Another 103 officials received official warnings for what cates its seriousness in maintaining strong economic the ICAC described as “minor offenses.” However, growth after June 30. The city’s Internal Commission Kamman, in a recent television interview, said he was pes¬ Against Corruption (ICAC) has been lauded for rooting simistic about the future of anti-corruption efforts. “Within out high-level corruption, one of the key factors in the city’s two years [the Chinese] bureaucracy will gradually move economic growth. The ICAC serves as investigator and into the business world, corruption will probably increase grand jury for corruption cases. “Any effort to tamper with and tire dynamic creators, no-holds barred spirit in Hong the ICAC, redefine its mission, set up a competing body or Kong small business may be reduced,” he says. withdraw [governmental] support could only be viewed as The business community, particularly the American a negative,” says Yates. Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong, is watching close-

AN ACADEMIC ALTERNATIVE Kindergarten through 8th Grade

Give your child the Calvert cluded in your initial ship¬ advantage. Calvert School ment. Advisory Teaching offers 90 years of experience Serviceoptional.Ourdiverse in home instruction curricu¬ student body includes mis¬ lum. Our courses are ideal sionary, sailing, farming, The Gow School for first time or experienced traveling, performing, and home schoolers. Our flexible, homeschoolingfamilies.We DYSLEXIA/LEARNING DIFFERENCES ~ step-by-step lesson manuals are a fully accredited, non¬ provide a classic, compre¬ profit, equal opportunity in¬ hensive program that allows stitution. We are "the school The nation’s oldest college preparatory school for young men with time for special interests. that comes to you." Discover French language and music what more than 350,000 oth¬ Dyslexia/Leaming Differences. Beautiful upstate NY campus. enrichment courses are of¬ ers have learned. For free in¬ Grades 7 - PG. Coed Summer Programs, ages 8 -19. fered. All materials are in¬ formation contact: CALVERT SCHOOL School Video 1-800-724-0138 (410)243-6030 fax(410)366-0674 http://www.calvertschool.org Dept. F37 • 105 Tuscany Road • Baltimore, MD • 21210

38 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/MARCH 1997 Focus

ly to make sure the 1994 agreement is honored. Under its ever, that flow of money has been reversed, moving back terms, the Hong Kong dollar w ill remain a convertible cur¬ into Hong Kong. rency, something the Chinese renminbi is not; taxes raised Chinese who left Asia more than 10 years ago, general¬ in Hong Kong wall be spent only in that city; and there will ly Chinese nationalists who had moved from Hong Kong to be no other government interference with existing eco¬ die United States or Canada, are now returning and invest¬ nomic and trade systems. ing heavily in die city. They not only see financial opportu¬ Many foreign companies view tire reunification as an nity, they feel an emotional tie to their homeland, says Yates. opportunity to enter die huge China market. Of tire This group differs from Chinese-Amerieans who returned AmCham member companies with offices in Hong Kong, to dieir parents’ hometowns of Shanghai or Beijing since almost half indicated tiiey planned initial investments in 1982, widi an eye toward making money. Tliis new group China in the next diree yeans. sees dieir venture as partially political, he says. Anxiety about tire city’s economic stability after June 30 In its report on Hong Kong after 1997, die council con¬ has been rising in die Asian business community since as far cludes diat “Hong Kong officials and elite will have to find back as 1984, when hundreds of firms began positioning a way to maintain their autonomy in a way diat does not diemselves to quickly shift operations from Hong Kong to direaten Beijing ... [and] Beijing will need die confidence odrer Asian locations, such as Singapore. After die agree¬ and restraint to keep from micromanaging Hong Kong ment between China and Britain was signed in December affairs.” Splitting politics from business can be difficult, but of drat year, money flowed from Hong Kong into die Pacific in die view of American business owners, die Chinese and Rim region, particularly to Singapore, Vancouver and die British have done a good job of separating die two issues in West Coast of die United States. Widiin the past year, how¬ Hong Kong. Most just hope they remain diat way. ■

D & M AUTO PARTS 145 WEST JOHN ST. HICKSVILLE, NY 11801 USA (NEW LOCATION) THE PARTS PROFESSIONALS ■ Serving the Diplomatic community since 1972, check your embassy for references. ■ Identifying the correct parts and supplying them when you need them is something best left to a professional. ■ D & M is a family owned business solely committed to the parts business and dedi¬ cated to providing the service you deserve. ■ We accept all Government PO’s as well as in 1799, personal orders and pay special attention co-ed day and to those urgently needed items. ■ We are here to help so don’t hesitate 600 students to ask!! states and 17 countries located in Chester County, Pennsylvania. Most (85%) of f CONTACT: GARY VLAHOV the faculty reside on the 600-acre campus, PHONE: 516-822-6662 FAX: 822-5020 which includes a science center, art center, INTERNET: [email protected] field hotise, and 24-meter swimming pool. apE WESTTOWN SCHOOL • WESTTOWN ROAD WESTTOWN , PA. • 610-399-7900

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 39 Focus ON HONG KONG

A CITY RISES IN ASIA

TRANSPORT OF OPIUM, ‘COOLIES’ DOMINATED EARLY ANGLO-US TIES

BIJ Jose Annilla

n a voyage to China in the summer of 1840, Americans aboard the Ann McKim were unwittingly witness to the founding of Hong Kong. Poised to attack die Chinese, warships of the British expeditionary force were massed in the waters between Hong Kong Island and Macao. At the hehn of this fast-sailing, 494-ton Baldmore clipper was Capt. Joseph Martin, who skirt¬ ed the British fleet and landed safely in Canton, where Americans and Europeans had trading posts, known as hongs. For decades until that point, the British and Americans had been trading tea, silk and porcelain with the Chinese and, seeking to redress a trade imbalance in Chinas favor, had been selling India-grown opium to the Chinese. But

40 FOREIGN SERVICE ] O U RN AL/M ARC H 1997 Focus

Though some Yankees faulted the British founding of Hong Kong, others applauded it. In its waters, the U.S. and U.K naval powers

transported opium, laborers and tea — and prepared for battle.

Chinese officials, who had outlawed opium traffick¬ armed with 46 guns, five 28-gun frigates, eight ing 40 years earlier, had finally had enough with the corvettes and brigs of 10 to 18 guns, four armed foreigners. steamers and 27 transports carrying 3,600 Scottish On orders from Lin Zexu, Beijing’s special com¬ and Irish Infantry augmented by Indian troops. missioner in Canton to combat opium trafficking, Fighting erupted. Chinese soldiers surrounded the hongs in spring Meanwhile, the Ann McKim sailed home, arriving 1839, held the occupants under house arrest, cut off in New York on Nov. 23, 1840. Capt. Martin and his the food supply and demanded all opium stockpiles. passengers told the press about the outbreak of the Of course, the Americans arriving aboard the Ann Opium War and, in sympathy with China, rebuked the McKim had heard of the previous year’s big drug British for violations of human rights, national sover¬ sweep that had targeted foreigners, including eignty, and self-determination. The Chinese negotiated Americans who controlled 10 percent of the opium with the British, and after more fighting, chose to com¬ trade. However, passengers did not know then that promise by ceding Hong Kong Island to Britain under drey had sailed into Ilong Kong in the second year of the Convention of Chuanbi on Jan. 20, 1841. a three-year conflict that would later be known as the The Boyal Navy formally occupied the island on Opium War, and which would spawn the Crown Jan. 26, 1841. Life under the Union Jack began for Colony of Hong Kong. 3,650 Milage dwellers and 2,000 fishermen living on board their boats in the harbor. British settlement fol¬ The strategic significance of a Hong Kong lowed in June when plots of land were first offered for astride Far East trade routes was clear to sale. Chuanbi proved unsatisfactory to both sides and British traders, but it was lost on their leader hostilities resumed. In Britain, a change of govern¬ in London, Foreign Secretary Lord Palmerston, who ment brought the Tories to power in 1841, replacing saw only “a barren island with hardly a house upon it.” the Whigs. The new Toiy foreign secretary, Lord Nevertheless, he proposed to the Chinese the signing Aberdeen, issued instructions to press for a commer¬ of a commercial treaty to normalize bilateral rela¬ cial treaty, and to drop the demand for an island. tions, or as an alternative, cession of any small island However, the British negotiator on the ground, Sir in the area to the British. Hemy Pottinger, saw the occupation of Hong Kong The British warships sighted by the Ann McKim Island as a fait accompli. Refusing to be microman¬ had just arrived in the harbor to back Lord aged from London, he demanded and received both Palmerston’s demands. The total force included three a commercial treaty and the Island of Hong Kong in 74-gun ships-of-the-line, two first-rate frigates each the Treaty of Nanking on Aug. 29. 1842. Jose Armilla retired in 1994 as a Southeast Asia ana¬ In the wake of the Opium War, Hong Kong lyst for the U.S. Information Agency, where he had emerged as the premier transshipment area for FSO tours in Vietnam, Chile and Hong Kong. His opium destined for Chinese ports, and American many private visits to Hong Kong began in 1954, ships played a key role in opium trafficking. American when as a passenger aboard the liner President innovations in ship design, coupled with the Yankee Wilson, he sailed through a typhoon. obsession for speed, gave the opium dealers in Hong

MARCH 199 7/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 41 Focus

Kong what they needed. After all, the Yankees had nur¬ in 1848 when Britain granted U.S. ships the right to tured an 18-century reputation as colonial coastal carry cargo from third countries to England on equal smugglers with a record of eluding the Royal Navy in footing with British ships. For the first time, Americans fast-sailing ships loaded with rum, sugar and molasses had the opportunity to participate in the British tea from the French West Indies and Danish Virgin trade. However, an American public relations effort in Islands. Hong Kong proved invaluable in demonstrating the Now the Americans offered the services of such U.S. advantage over rival carriers. A cargo of tea ships as the Antelope, a fast-sailing armed brig from required fast delivery due to its limited shelf life. Boston, and the packet Houqua whose design and Although large oceangoing steamships were already in construction in New York in 1843 drew direct inspira¬ service, they were slow. In the fall of 1850, a fast-sailing tion from the opium trade. Packets were ship-rigged ship, the Oriental, set a record run from New York to with nearly flat bottoms, designed to sail fast with Hong Kong of 81 days, averaging 200 miles a day with light cargo and to clear the sandbar at the mouths of top speed in one 302-mile day. The British were large rivers — ideal for trafficking along the China impressed. As a result, the Americans dominated the coast. On the launching of the Houqua, the New York transport of British tea to London for nearly a decade. Herald said: “We never saw a vessel so perfect in all her parts as this new celestial packet. She is about 600 Another type of “perishable” sailed from Hong tons in size — as sharp as a cutter, as symmetrical as a Kong on American ships — Chinese inden¬ yacht, as rakish in her rig as a pirate, and as neat in her tured laborers, commonly known by the slur, deck and cabin arrangements as a lady’s boudoir.” “coolies.” On the 123-foot long packet Robert Bowne, Houqua was also armed: her man-of-war bulwarks 410 laborers left for San Francisco, but mutinied on the boasted 16 guns. However, the speed record on the way; when the 233-foot Baltimore clipper Flora Temple opium run belonged to the 370-ton Antelope. sank in the South China Sea, 800 laborers on the way Carrying a load of opium from Bombay to Macao, she to Havana were lost as well as 68 crew members. These outstripped by several days U.S.S. Brandywine, the ill-fated voyages disclosed how inhumane treatment U.S. Navy’s fastest frigate. and overcrowding contributed to a nearly 40 percent onboard death rate. U.S. East Coast traders and ship owners in the But the traffic kept growing. Shipping records in China trade had legitimate commerce in mind Hong Kong indicated that in 1852 alone, 30,000 when diey asked Washington for trade expan¬ departed for San Francisco. By 1857, 22 American sion in China. They felt claustrophobic in Canton. They ships had 30 percent share of the British-dominated wanted access already enjoyed by the British to the trade. The trade of laborers was the brainchild of for¬ ports of Amoy, Fuzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai. In mer slave traffickers. Britain had imposed a ban on the response, Secretary of State Daniel Webster organized trade (ft black African slaves and used its Royal Navy to in 1843 a diplomatic mission to China with Caleb enforce it worldwide. But labor shortages were keen in Cushing as special envoy. Cushing opened the talks the American West’s mining and railroad industries, in with an anti-opium policy statement that pleased the Cuban sugar plantations and in Peruvian guano mining. Chinese, and successfully negotiated the Treaty of To pass Royal Navy inspection, laborers on board Wangxia on July 3, 1844, which gave the Americans the ships received “documentation” in the form of fictitious same trade privileges accorded the British. long-term labor contracts, signed by thumbprint. Some Bilateral trade stepped up. In the fall of 1845, 46 did not even voluntarily “sign on” ashore, but were American ships regularly sailed the China-New York drugged and shanghaied and forced to “repay” their route and 12 more permanently plied the China coast. travel fare upon arrival. For example, in the mid-1850s, Most, if not all, visited Hong Kong. the Hong Kong-San Francisco passage cost $50, which The Anglo-American relationship received a boost was advanced by the U.S. company holding the labor-

42 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/MARCH 1997 Focus

Another type of “perishable” sailed from Hong Kong on

American ships — Chinese indentured laborers, commonly known by the slur “coolies. ”

er’s “labor contract.” In 1862, Congress banned met with anti-Spanish Filipino insurgent leaders and Americans from trafficking trade in laborers. invited them to sail back with him bringing U.S. weapons for their troops who were already fighting die This shameful episode in Anglo-American rela¬ Spanish in the Philippines. Though Britain remained tions was redeemed by two shining moments. neutral in die Spanish-American War, Hong Kong host¬ On his mission to open up Japan to the West, ed his naval formation and supplied fresh provisions and Commodore Matthew Perry used Hong Kong as stag¬ coal to his flagship, the heavy cruiser Olympia, three ing area and logistics base. He left Annapolis on Nov. other cruisers, two gunboats, a cutter and a collier. 24, 1852, and arrived in Hong Kong in April 1853 with When Congress declared war against Spain on April tire U.S. Navy’s East India Squadron. In the summer, 25, 1898, Admiral Dewey and the Asiatic Squadron left he reconnoitered Okinawa and Tokyo Bay with his Hong Kong at midnight for Manila Bay. On May 1, they seven warships. The squadron then returned to Hong defeated the Spanish in a battle best remembered by Kong. There it remained to rendezvous with diree Dewey’s order to die Olympia’s captain, “Fire when more U.S. warships and to complete the logistics for its ready, Gridley.” The 100 naval-gun bombardment badly upcoming trip north. When the Japanese met him at damaged Spanish ships and killed 400 Spaniards. Only Yokohama for talks in February 1854, Commodore seven Americans died. Meanwhile, German, French, Perry had enough supplies to last eight months. But and Russian warships rushed to the area of conflict. within two months, on March 31, 1854, he signed the The British eyed with suspicion die frequent visits Treaty of Kanagawa, signaling the U.S. emergence as a by French and Russian warships to Kowloon City just Pacific power. across from Hong Kong Island. They felt that Hong By 1897, the United States was tire only power with¬ Kong’s defense required British control of the sur¬ out a land base in the Far East. Japan, Russia, rounding areas — Kowloon, the New Territories, and Germany, France and Britain had all deployed troops 235 islands. They asked for a lease for 99 years. The and battleships in newly occupied territories in China. Chinese agreed and a convention was signed in Beijing The U.S. Navy’s Asiatic Squadron had no battleship, on June 9, 1898. The tension in the Pacific, heightened only five light cruisers and gunboats. These warships by Admiral Dewey’s victory, persuaded die Chinese to often served as offshore legations for U.S. diplomats. be accommodating. Thus, Americans indirectly aided Their mission was limited to defending American the British to get this famous lease which expires on traders and missionaries against China’s violent anti¬ July 1, 1997. foreigner campaigns. However, in early 1898, Hong Although Americans on the Ann McKim faulted Kong facilitated the first serious projection of U.S. the British founding of Hong Kong, many others — power in the Far East. from Yankee clipper captains to Adm. Dewey — Adm. George Dewey spent three months in Hong applauded it. From the friendly waters of Hong Kong beefing up the Asiatic Squadron. While waiting Kong’s harbor, they trafficked in opium, shipped for orders to attack Spain’s Philippine Fleet in Manila British tea, transported laborers and prepared for bat¬ Bay, he drew up his battle plans. He gathered intelli¬ tle. At the end of the 19th century, Anglo-American gence from the U.S. consul in Manila on the threat cooperation had helped the United States achieve its posed by mines and torpedoes in bay waters. Then he place as a Pacific power. ■

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 43 DIPLOPETS

FROM BEST FRIENDS TO SURROGATE CHILDREN,

FS PETS BREED FAMILIARITY, AID COMFORT ABROAD

BY ANNE BRIDGMAN

ike their Foreign Service owners, another street cat to their retinue in Russia, Tepo L pets often find life overseas can fiercely resisted an adopted sibling. be dangerous. Tandem couple Puschel, who would still like to adopt another cat, Karen Puschel and Jack Segal can’t imagine life overseas widiout felines. “If you’ve learned this firsthand during the always had animals, then I don’t dunk you’d ever give 1991 Gulf War, when their year- it up to go overseas,” says Puschel. “You are not going old, orange and brown short-haired cat, Jari, leaped to allow' your w'ork to interfere widi what is a primal from their eighth-floor Tel Aviv apartment to his death need. They' are part of die family.” during a nighttime Scud missile attack. Jari, one of two brothers the couple adopted from Foreign Service families take their pets seriously. die streets and lovingly nursed back to health widi An estimated 30 to 50 percent of all families cart baby botdes, was always a restless soul looking to animal companions to post with diem, enduring the explore diat world out of the confines of tiieir home, travel headaches, the personal expenses and the has¬ says Puschel. “He had a spirit bigger than die apart¬ sles of finding quality pet care and food abroad. Add ment,” she says. “There was such chaos diat I think he to that a dizzying array of country-specific import saw an opportunity' with the windows open.” The next regulations and mountains of health-verification day the devastated couple buried Jari by' die Yarkon paperwork, and its a bureaucratic nightmare many River, which wound near dieir Tel Aviv apartment. happily endure to have their loved ones near. The ill-fated feline had used up another of his “It’s probably one of die most emotional concerns nine lives a year earlier when die couple rescued him about going overseas,” says Patricia Telldns of the and his brodier, Tepo, from a custodian trying to kill State Departments Overseas Briefing Center (OBC), the pair widi boiling water. After his brodiers death, which offers a popular annual seminar on travelling Tepo, who was bom without a hip joint and unable to widi pets. Bringing pets overseas allows people to jump like ordinary cats, was happy to remain a house “take a little bit of home widi them,” opines Jim cat. He later traveled widi Puschel and Segal to Gaines, a veterinarian in Chantilly, Va., who has a Yekaterinburg, Russia, and now lives widi diem in large FS clientele. ‘With dogs and cats, it’s uncondi¬ Washington, D.C. Although the couple tried to add tional love. When [FSOs] have them in die house, dieres someone there who’s always on their side,” a Anne Bridgman, a Foreign Service spouse and plus diat takes on added meaning in a new country. freelance journalist, is the communications officer Feline and canine companions — as well as ham¬ at the National Academy of Sciences. sters, rabbits, birds and even snakes and iguanas may

44 FOREIGN SERVICE ] OV RN AL! M ARC H 1997 be part of the family, serve as surrogate children to line completing all tire required paperwork — will childless couples, or act as man’s or womans best cost its owner $350 to Paris, $500 to New Delhi turd friend, in die case of single officers. $600 to Dar Es Salaam. “We try to treat animals as if “I think, particularly if you are single, that you they were passengers, except they don’t usually fly in need someone,” says Nancy Jackson, a Foreign [the hold] with a full-time flight attendant,” says Service secretary at U.S. Consulate Jerusalem. Torre, who adds that Lufthansa has also shipped Jackson joined the Foreign Service 10 years ago after cranes, snakes, animals from dre Moscow circus and raising a family that had always included several dogs, even horses bomrd for the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta. so she naturally takes her canine family on overseas assignments. Oslo, her first post, had strict quaran¬ trong emotional bonds tine laws, so she left her two schnauzers with her between pets and their owners Foreign Service daughter in Tucson, Ariz., where one, Pandora, died are nothing new, of course, but sci¬ before she could join Jackson at her next assignment entific studies point to the reasons families take their in Moscow. Pandoras son, Jiminy Cricket (J.C.), how¬ why. For example, last March at ever, flourished during Jackson’s assignments to the annual meeting of the pets seriously/• — Moscow and Havana, where he often accompanied American Psychosomatic Society her to work in the early '90s. In 1993, Jackson trans¬ in Williamsburg, Va., Karen Allen, an estimated 30 to 50 ferred to Almaty, where, after J.C.’s death at age 10, a scientist from dre State she adopted a street dog, Cruella. The 15-pound University of New York in Buffalo, percent cart animal reported on research showing drat black and white mixed-breed female, whom Jackson companions to post. rescued from life in a Central Asian storm drain, now people widr dogs experience less lives in Tucson with Jackson’s daughter. anxiety in stressful situations drair In Jerusalem, Jackson lives with Semper Fi, a do dogless people. Allen’s study taffy-colored “Peldnese-looking” male, who used to involved 240 couples, half of whom were dog owners, hang around tire Marine barracks in Jerusalem. “I who were placed in stressful situations. When only think most Foreign Sendee people have animals for the family pet was present, the subject’s blood pres¬ companionship, love and to have somebody who sure and heart rate dropped. cares when you walk in tire house,” she says. “I like to The Delta Society, a non-profit organization in have a dog. It tells me that somebody cares.” Renton, Washington, whose motto is “Animals The cost of taking a pet to post can range from $75 Helping People — People Helping Animals” tracks to thousands of dollars, but the price tag won’t vary studies on dre animal-human bond, and reports that much from airline to airline, according to Mel Torre, pet ownership also increases owners’ satisfaction widr spokesman for Lufthansa, the German airline. “It’s healdr, appearance and eveiyday life. In one study not like buying a used car. All airlines follow reported by Delta, 70 percent of dog owners polled International Air Transport Association (IATA) regu¬ said their canine companions were crucial to their lations in regard to animals.” Still, the exact charge ability to manage eveiyday hassles. Odrer studies depends on the size and weight of the animal, have documented drat pets used in mental institu¬ whether tire animal is travelling in a an airline-pro¬ tions and nursing homes can mitigate die need for vided kennel or an owner-supplied case, whether it administering drugs; drat pet owners are in better travels in tire cabin or in tire baggage compartment, physical shape because drey exercise widi their pets; how much service tire airline provides for tire pet, as and drat pet owners see doctors less ffequendy than well as tire city of origin and tire city of destination. pet-less people. For example, a 12-pound dog flying out of Washington, D.C., in a baggage hold in a medium¬ Cuddling a purring Fluffy or petting a tail-wag¬ sized kemrel rented from Lufthansa — with tire air¬ ging Fido may be relaxing for pet lovers, but

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 45 getting those animals to Ouagadougou tant with USD As Animal and Plant ments, die friendly skies are crowded can be anything but stressless. Health Inspection Service (APHIS). witii animal carriers and crates. The Planning can begin as early as two Also needed is a USDA certificate, sent USDA issued more than 13,000 ani¬ years before a move, when FSOs start by the vet to USD As Washington office mal health certificates in die United angling for their next jobs, and have to or a USDA regional office, which will States between July 1, 1995, and June determine whether potential postings be signed and affixed with an official 30, 1996, according to John B. come with pet quarantines or other seal before being given to pet owners to Belfrage, APHIS staff veterinarian, pet-averse conditions, such as poor or take overseas with them. Some coun¬ based on reports from 19 states. non-existent veterinary care, no locally tries — Australia, New Zealand and Regulations for bringing animals to available pet food and diseases that Japan, for example — require even overseas posts vary from country to threaten animals’ lives. more forms. Others, like Germany for country, and can change from week to The first stop for pet owners should example, require bilingual forms, all of week, so it’s important to check witii be the U.S. Agriculture Department, which the USDA provides. In addition, the embassy of the respective countiy which issues and oversees regulations countries can require import permits, where the pet and pet owner are on U.S. “export” of animals, even pets, translation of the animals health certifi¬ headed. For example, six-month quar¬ and has most required forms. cate and certification by the host coun¬ antines are required in die United Washington area vets recommend try's consulate, all of which cost. Kingdom and Australia. Other coun¬ owners begin tire research at least Animal health certificates must be tries with various lengdi quarantines drree months before leaving, since the filled out within 10 days of travel and are usually islands — Barbados, process can have more bureaucratic the forms must have die USDA stamp Mauritius and Iceland are examples — turns than applying for a human s visa. after they’ve been filled out by the vet, or countries like Greece, all of which Most countries require U.S. pets to which usually means sending the have eradicated rabies. In most, quar¬ have a health and rabies vaccination forms by overnight mail to assure that antines are mandatory and at the certificate from a licensed, USDA- the certificate, with USDA stamp, is in owner’s expense. “Most people witir accredited vet, according to Denise hand on the day of departure. But pets try' very hard not to bid on quaran¬ MacRaye, a veterinary program assis¬ even with these daunting require¬ tine posts,” says OBC’s Telkins. “It

You call us. You move in. At Oakwood Corporate Housing our relationships are

mostly temporary, but that's the nature of our busi¬

ness. So when you need a place to stay for a few

We tak&care months, make one call and let us take care of every¬ forunonths. thing for you. For much less than the cost of a hotel we can provide you Then one day with a comfortable apartment virtually anywhere 'ou jusjt JLeave. nationwide. And we arrange for all the amenities

from an entertainment center to a can opener. You

could say we think of everything. Even, unfortu¬

nately, the kitchen sink. like being treated this way.

America's favorite temporary address.51

1-800-888-0808 FAX: 1-703-212-2622 http://www. oakwood. com ©1996 R&B Realty Group

46 FOREIGN SERVICE ] OU RN Ah! M ARC H 1997 sometimes is die first question they ask. Janis L. Cleland, a vet in Lfibum, Ga. entire kit and caboodle. Two such com¬ ... I’ve known people to work changes Cleland, the daughter of a retired panies include Club Pet International of assignments due to quarantines.” FSO, is also die editor of die Journal in Chantilly, Va., and Dulles Executive Some countries require import per¬ of the American Animal Hospital Pet Center in Sterling, Va. The cost, mits and healdi certificates, some pro¬ Association. which doesn’t include fees for board¬ hibit certain animals and others might Unless die pet is extremely anxious, ing, air fare, vets or otiier services, as well ban animals. Cats, usually sub¬ many veterinarians recommend varies from $50 to $150 per animal. ject to a one-month quarantine, are tol¬ against using tranquilizers, since they Club Pet ships about 100 animals erated in China, but dogs are made so can have the opposite effect on some abroad every year and Dulles unwelcome by an endless stream of animals, causing hyperactivity, or can Executive Pet Center handles about constandy changing restrictive regula¬ unpredictably affect body temperature 400 pets annually, and botii companies tions tiiat U.S. Embassy Beijing sug¬ and breathing at high levels. work with Foreign Service families. gests they be left at home. While airlines say the area where Pets returning from overseas come pets are held is temperature- and pres¬ under die jurisdiction of die Centers Once die paperwork is done, the sure-controlled, horror stories abound for Disease Control and Prevention. health certificate is obtained and about overheated holds and flights tiiat The CDC has no requirements for the worm medication is packed, only have had to dip suddenly, losing air cats, but dogs returning from a non- die trip remains. FS families dying pressure and cutting off oxygen for rabies-free country need a current witii animals have three choices: Pets pets. Animal shipping experts recom¬ rabies vaccine and recommends all can travel as accompanying baggage, mend pet owners avoid extreme tem¬ pets have a healtii certificate from as cargo or — the best solution if the peratures in planning their pets’ flight, country of origin tiiat meets individual animal is small enough to fit under the by scheduling early morning or late state requirements. Birds need to be seat and the carrier allows — in the evening flights in summer and mid-day banded by a U.S. vet on their way out cabin witii the owner. Eitiier way, flights in winter. of the country of origin so as to return owners need to acclimate their pet to If all tins hassle seems exhausting, to the United States without a quar¬ the crate or carrying case, suggests someone can be paid to take care of the antine. Affordable Luxury N If you are relocating, a business traveler or need temporary housing, we offer the comforts of home.

• Located minutes from Pentagon, • Controlled access entry throughout Washington, DC and National Airport building.

• Luxurious one and two bedroom • Complete Nautilus fitness center, apartments completely furnished and lightened tennis court, and a spacious accessorized with fully equipped outdoor swimming pool. gourmet kitchens and washers and dryers. • 4 blocks from Ballston Metro, • Weekly maid service, free cable TV courtesy Shuttle provided.

• Wkhin walking distance of department • Free underground parking. stores, specialty shops and restaurants. • Cats welcome • Adjacent to bike/jogging trail. • 5p.m. check-in time. • 2 miles from NFATC 30-day minimum stay Avalon at Ballston Washington Towers - 4650 N. Washington Blvd., Arlington, VA 22201 703-527-4409 or Fax 703-516-4369 Two New Locations in Ballston! Quincy Towers - 1001 North Randolph St., Arlington, VA 22201 703-528-4600 or Fax 703-527-2356 Avalon at Ballston Vermont Towers -1001 North Vermont St., Arlington, VA 22201 703-522-5550 or Fax 703-527-8731 J

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 47 After arrival at post, pets may need tic techniques and acupuncture for you can move every six months,” he up to two weeks to adjust, some¬ dogs and cats — and even snakes and says. Cats, he notes, are more difficult times having bouts of diarrhea and rabbits — as a way to calm them down. to train, however. appetite problems, vets say. “Animals Dogs and cats with upset stom¬ experience the same stresses of travel¬ achs can be calmed with pediatric Finding quality animal care or pet ling that you and I do,” says Janis doses of an antidiarrheal, but if food abroad can be another chal¬ Cleland. The difference, she says, is that symptoms such as lethargy and lack lenge. Pet owners in America spend people understand what’s happening to of appetite don’t improve after 48 about $7 billion dollars a year on pet them, while animals have no idea why hours, a visit to the veterinarian may health care, getting their four-footed they’re in a new environment. Vets rec¬ be necessary. companions checked, immunized and ommend having favorite toys and blan¬ Animal behaviorist Lloyd Aguero treated for the 6,4(X) diseases and prob¬ kets — with favorite smells — available says animals take most of their cues lems that can afflict pets. Yet finding to comfort the animals. from their environment. He also reliable veterinary care overseas is Although not universally available, notes that adapting to a new home is more difficult than finding a good pedi¬ among the more unusual treatments easier for well-socialized dogs, for atrician. Pet owners can obtain sugges¬ owners can use to calm their pets are example, and he and others who work tions on foreign vets from those already pet aromatherapy, acupuncture and with animals recommend obedience at post or through the American chiropractic techniques. Terri Grow, classes for canines as a prerequisite to Animal Hospital Association, some of owner of PetSage in Alexandria, Va., frequent travel. Aguero, who pro¬ whose members are abroad. sells a line of natural pet products, vides behavior therapy to about 100 Pet food and supplies are usually including aromatherapy travel kits for dogs annually, says his approach not a problem in Canada, Europe or cats and dogs. Robert Dove, a veteri¬ involves shaping the pet’s behavior to other First World posts. Commissaries narian who runs the Acupuncture reach a desired end and putting the are also good sources of commercial Treatment Center in Gainesville, Va., owner back in control of the animal. pet food and some even stock pet vac¬ suggests massage, which owners can “As long as the owner maintains cinations. But for those travelling to leam before going overseas, chiroprac¬ behavior management over his dog, posts without such amenities, many

2 Bedroom Garage Townhome And Garden Apartments Living. Welcome to Avalon Crescent, the new style of living in Tysons Corner. Our spacious 2 bedroom garage townhomes and 1 & 2 bedroom garden apartments offer the very finest address for Legendary Service, unique style and modem convenience. All in all, it is an extraordinary place to call home! • Brand new Rental community • Fitness center with Cardio-Tbeater • Walk to Tysons I & II • Indoor volleyball & basketball • Full-size washer/dryer • Resident business center • Gas beating & cooking • Perimeter fence/controlled access

:cess to the beltway • Direct access garage parking ise&pool • Gas fireplaces Garfield, 2 Bedroom, Furnished short-term housing Bedroom 2 Bath, Optional Loft

p Directions. Take 1-495 Avalon Crescent Open to Rte. 123/Chain Bridge Kitchen 1569 Onyx Drive, McLean, Virginia _E£E0 T] Below Rd. South exit towards ^ Tysons Comer. Right 703-821-9191 „ , at 2nd light onto Avalon Properties. Inc Monday - Friday 10am-6pm International Drive, then right at 2nd light onto Bedroom Legendary Service. Saturday & Sunday 10am-5pm ^ ™ ' Tysons Blvd. Left onto Park Run Drive, com¬ munity entrance on left. Visit Avalon Crescent On The Internet: http://www.avalonprop.com

48 FOREIGN SERVICE J OV RN AL/M ARC H 1997 vets suggest bringing your own sup¬ because they have the antibodies,” says likely to end up on someone’s dinner plies. Purchasing and packing two Jackson. “Had I known about the local table,” she recalls. “Having never been years’ worth of kitty litter or enough plague I don’t think I would have taken able to ‘train’ Kitu ... to be an indoor sacks of Alpo to feed 1,400 meals to a him, but it was one of those tilings I cat, I despaired of losing her early on.” 100-pound St. Bernard might seem didn’t know until I got there.” She One colleague assured her, “No daunting, but some pet owners say it’s advises FSOs considering bringing a problem. Simply tell your maid that worth it. Petco, Pet Supplies Plus and pet to post to talk with pet owners tiie name tag around her neck is a gri- other Washington area pet stores regu¬ already there before making a decision. gri. Anyone who eats her will suffer a larly sell and ship bulk orders to cus¬ Living in a foreign country with a terrible fate,” according to Bemicat. tomers moving or living overseas. pet can be a learning experience, as Word spread that Kitu was protect¬ Still, as Karen Puschel and Jack many FSOs have discovered. Says Jim ed by a gri-gri, a Mali charm, usually Segal found during their posting to Tel Morrison, owner of Dulles Executive worn around the neck and containing a Aviv, there are often unpredictable risks Pet Center, “Some countries may not passage from the Koran, which pro¬ when FSOs travel with pets. If, for be that tolerant of dogs or cats.” Indeed, tects and blesses the wearer — usually example, war breaks out and embassy veterarian Gaines, who has lived and human. “While few of my neighbors personnel are evacuated, pets are often worked in Turkey, Vietnam and Egypt, could read the English language left behind, either in the care of a local says he has had his share of run-ins instructions I had so carefully friend or to fend for themselves. Pets related to animals. In Turkey, he says, embossed on the blue tag before can also be threatened by exotic dis¬ they would throw poisoned food to departing the U.S., word quickly eases unknown in the United States. dogs to kill them. spread through the neighborhood that When Nancy Jackson brought her FSO Marcia Bemicat, consul gen¬ touching Kitu would be at one’s own schnauzer, J.C., to Almaty from Havana eral in Casablanca, feared tire worst peril,” Bemicat recounts. in 1993, she was not aware of the when she took her 6-year-old cat, Kitu, Kitu survived Bemicat’s first posting Central Asian plague, a common cause with her to her first post in Bamako. and subsequently travelled to Marseille, of dog death in Central Asia. “Almost “Shortly after I arrived at post, I was New Delhi, and Casablanca, where she all the local dogs just throw it off warned that cats who roamed were lived to the ripe old age of 19. ■ VOLVO rvr I A Factory-Set Discounts To Diplomats Posted NATIONAL TEMPORARY Stateside and Abroad APARTMENTS, INC. U.S., U.K., European, or Overseas Specs Short-Term Furnished Apartment Specialists Overseas and Domestic Deliveries Comfortable Fully furnished one, two or three bedroom apartments to your specifications. JERRY GRIFFIN All linens, towels, kitchenware and other amenities provided. DIPLOMATIC SALES SPECIALIST Cost Effective 12 YEARS EXPERIENCE Far less expensive than most hotels or suites. Convenient 1231 W. Broad Street Falls Church, VA 22046 Locations all around Washington, D.C., Northern Virginia and Maryland. Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Area One phone call and we do all the work. (703) 237-5020 Fax: (703) 237-5028 (301) 495-8927 (30 day minimum stay)

dbDon Beyer Volvo 8737 Colesville Road, Suite 302, Silver Spring, MD 20910

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 49 WHAT ARE EWE EATING?

How ONE MOROCCAN MEAL BECAME EMBASSY MARINE’S DIPLOMATIC TEST OF WILL — WILL HE, OR WON’T HE?

BY THOMAS M. IANNUCCI

t the Marine Security Guard Shortly after we started the training, she A school in Quantico, Va., where bestowed special distinction upon us by inviting us Marine embassy guards are to a muslim celebration. The festivities began with trained, I learned the basics of the usual singing and dancing: The students in par¬ diplomatic etiquette: How to ticular were enjoying a day of freedom from their respond to invitations, how to Marine overseers. introduce people and how to respond to criticism of Soon a live sheep was dragged into the center of America. The course may have prepared me for an the group, and she watched dumbly as the excited official reception, but not for the true test of diplo¬ guests danced around her, their singing and accom- macy I would face at U.S. Embassy Rabat in 1988. paming music growing louder and louder. Moroccan King Hassan II’s younger sister, Finally, a man who reminded me of a villainous Princess La La Amina, had asked to hire tire character in a Bugs Bunny cartoon — a stocky, mid¬ embassy’s 11-Marine detachment to help train dle-aged man with salt-and- pepper hair and a students at her equestrian school with American- short, coal-black moustache — took center stage. style drill-instructor discipline. I can only surmise All eyes were on him as he held a curved knife to she had something in mind like what she had seen the animals throat. The crowd pushed us Marines in American movies like “Full Metal Jacket” or foiward, since most of them had seen this ritual “The Boys in Company C.” Though U.S.-Morocco hundreds of times, but for us it was a first. diplomatic ties are the oldest in American history, We stared as the executioner cut the sheeps no one can hire a U.S. Marine. But we didn’t want throat from ear to ear with one swift stroke and sev¬ to miss the chance to work for a real princess, so ered the entire head. That done, he punctured the we were allowed to volunteer our time after work animals leg by its hoof and the guests took turns and on days off. So, for three months, we marched blowing into the slit and then beating the hide with off to the royal stables to work with the students. sticks, all in an effort to remove it from the animals Little did we know how grateful the princess body. We Marines were offered a chance to partici¬ would be. pate in this part of the ceremony, but we all declined. Soon the decapitated, skinned animal was Thomas Iannucci, who was a V. S. Marine guard at moved out of sight. U.S. embassies in Toki/o, Beirut and Rabat from The party moved to the stables’ dining hall, 1986-1988, is a paster and freelance ivriter living where we sat ourselves at a number of wooden on the island of Kauai, Hawaii. tables.

50 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/MARCH 1997 It was at this point that we learned the true limits weren’t smoodi and egg-shaped: They were per¬ of Marine Corps training. As an Italian from fect globes covered with a strange, stringy mater¬ New York, my knowledge of cuisine was extremely ial. In the centers were black holes. When she limited; I only knew that food not drowning in red waved the bowl under my nose to tempt me a few sauce could be dangerous. But tire princess was seconds later, I realized she was offering me doing the serving, and so when she waltzed over to boiled sheep’s eyeballs. My stomach twitched and my table and presented me with a piping hot bowl rumbled and I’m sure my face turned green, of stomach stew — sheeps entrails swirling in a hot which only made the princess broth — all I could do was muster a smile and mur¬ laugh in delight. Without saying mur, “Oh, thank you, Princess.” anything, she popped an eyeball It was at this point we The princess smiled and moved to the next in her mouth, and chomped for a table, leaving me to ask myself, “What would my few minutes before dancing learned the true limits drill instructor do in a situation like this?” Then I away, a smile still on her bps. x'emembered a basic tenet from Marine boot camp Evidently the princess knew I of Marine Corps train¬ — Improvise, Adapt, Overcome — and I did what had had enough because when it my drill instructor would have done. I turned to the was time to serve the boiled ing. As an Italian from student closest to me, took his empty plate, brains, she only waved the platter New York, my knowl¬ replaced it with my full one and order him to “Eat. at me as she passed by my table, Now!” He happily obeyed while the other kids gigging. edge of cuisine was laughed with delight at my weakness. My steel nerves crumbled. I When the princess returned, I politely smiled got up from the table, grabbed a extremely limited; I and said, “That was great, Princess, thank you.” piece of Moroccan bread and a “Good, Nooch. Good,” she replied, using my can of Coke and went outside for only knew that food not nickname. She headed off again. fresh air. Most of us went to bed A moment later, she was back with a second that night without eating, drowning in red sauce round: a sheeps head. “You eat, Nooch,” she said, thoughts of brains and eyeballs smiling. My face could no longer hide my inner filling our heads. We took solace could be dangerous. fear. from the thought that although “Oh, no, no, Princess. I’m really not that hun¬ we failed the “steel stomach” test gry,” I said, pleading with her. She only smiled as of diplomacy, we had entertained our allies from she sliced off a piece of die head, complete with the highest level of government. We had won the the upper lip. princess’s gratitude with our discipline and good She waited until I had placed a small piece in grace; she had won our hearts with her great sense my mouth and swallowed before she asked, of humor. “Good? You like it?” The princess wrote a letter of appreciation to “Oh yes, Princess. Very good,” I said with a the embassy and presented the U.S. government slight grimace. She laughed before leaving for die with a present from her kingdom: a traditional next table to harass another Marine. To the amuse¬ red-fabric, gold-embroidered horse decoration, ment of the students at my table, I switched plates complete with leather saddle and breast plate. again and drank first my cup of water and then die In the end, I and the other Marines had con¬ water of the student next to me. ducted a successful mission “for God, our countiy But it wasn’t over. The princess was back and our Corps,” and had learned a good lesson in before I could take a last gulp of water. This time diplomacy as well as in international dining. she was carrying a bowl filled with what looked However, to this day I make sure I know what’s like unusual hard-boiled eggs. But these eggs on the menu before I accept a dinner invitation. ■

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 51

^ LIVING APARTMENT LUXURY FURNISHED FULLY + v 52 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/MARC H 1997 ♦ AVALON PROPERTIES— A COMPANYTHATCARES ABOUTOURRESIDENTS UNFURNISHED YEARLY LEASES AVAILABLE ,c"' BB>\ (800)225-3847•(202)223-4512 housing needsforeasierreservationsinpeakseasons. doubled thenumberofsuitesavailableforyourtemporaryWashington convenience, eleganceandcomfortofTheRemington.Wehaverecently ♦ GarageParking ♦ ValetDryCleaning ♦ Phone ♦ CableTV ♦ Workoutfacility ♦ 2LightedTennisCourts ♦ 2SwimmingPools CONVENIENCE ♦ Washer/DrverineachApartment ♦ FullyFurnishedElf,1,2and3 ♦ AerobicClasses Bedroom Apartments II youarelookinglorcomfortandconvenience,thechoice iseasy.TheChaseatBethesdaoffers Affordable HotelLivingwiththeAdvantages ofaHome Now, onlyRemingtonShort-TermHousingcanbringyouthe Featuring: Contact: 7500 WOODMONTAVE.•BETHESDA, MD.208H•(301)654-0694FAX654-0697 two twintowersintheheartofBethesdaandonly25steps totheMetro. No deposit,luiniimiinstay,Smallpetsaccepted FAX: (202)452-9541 Washington, DC20037 601 24thStreet,NWSuitel02 Rosemary JarvisorToniWilson • Freelocaltelephoneservice;CableTV • WeeklyHousekeepingServices • In-UnitWasher/Dryer • Fullyfurnishedw/balconies • OneBedroomCondominiums THERFMNGION Daily rent’startingfrom$61.63Minimum )0-t)ayoccupancy THE CHASEATBETHESDA 2 BLOCKSFROMSTATE ♦ Roll-a-wa3rbed OTHER ITEMS LOCATION ♦ VacuumCleaner ♦ Housekeeping ♦ Crib,DeskandChair ♦ StepsAwayto2GroceryStores, ♦ JustMinutestoNIH,Navy ♦ 25StepstoMetro and Shopping. over 135Restaurants,Banks Bank andEmbassyRow. Hospital, Pentagon,World BOOKS

Now IN 'EUROPAUSE,’ Europe: Development of the European AN FSO’S VIEW Community Internal Market, was EU WEIGHS FUTURE widely praised. This follow up volume, OF CASTRO’S WORLD which considers all aspects of integra¬ European Integration: Progress, tion — political, economic and securi¬ The United States and Cuba Prospects, and U.S. Interests ty — will be very useful for EU policy¬ Under Reagan and Shultz.: A Michael Calingaert, Westview Press, makers, businesspeople, students and Foreign Service Officer Reports $18.95, 225 pages. professionals. Kenneth M. Skougjn, Praeger, He characterizes Europe as being in 1996, $57.95, 213 pages. BY ROY HAVERKAMP a period of “Euro-pause,” as it gropes to find a consensus on a direction for its BY JAMES FORD COOPER Author Michael Calingaert, who future. He notes that the success of spent many years as an economic offi¬ economic integration depends on pub¬ Kenneth Skougs book presents an cer in Europe, could hardly have cho¬ lic acceptance and support. authoritative insiders look at U.S.- sen a better time to produce this infor¬ The book is well organized and doc¬ Cuban relations during his six years mative analysis of the future of umented, and written in a clear narra¬ (1982-1988) as coordinator for Cuban European integration. The sixth tive style, but suffers from some repet¬ affairs (CCA) in die Inter-American Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) itiveness. Divided into three parts, the Bureau of the Department of State. of the European Union — formerly volume evaluates EU consolidation Skoug discusses all die key issues he the European Community — is and die single-market program in die faced: the alien nadi of the Mariel expected to make its recommenda¬ first section; comprehensively analyzes boatlift debacle; die broader issue of tions on revisions to the Maastricht the integration movement and its Cuban migration; die ongoing tragedy Treaty by June. Earlier IGCs were internal conflicts, such as political lead¬ of Cuba’s long-term political prisoners; responsible for treaties establishing ership and membership, in die second enforcement of die U.S. economic the Coal and Steel Community (1950- section; and provides recommenda¬ embargo; the Radio Marti crusade; 51), the European Economic tions, including die role of die business and Cuban pressures on die U.S. Community and Atomic Energy community and the European Court Interests Section in Havana. His Community (1955-57), the Single of Justice, in die diird. account relates how diese issues inter¬ European Act (1985) and the Treaty of For Americans, the most interest¬ acted with each other and widi con¬ European Union (1990 and 1991). ing section is die third, dedicated to flicting cross-currents, such as bureau¬ Calingaert’s qualifications and U.S. interests and policies that provide cratic infighting, sniping from Capitol experience are ideal for the task: He a wealth of relevant U.S. public- and Hill, and intervention by special inter¬ was minister for economic affairs at private-sector experience in die EU. ests groups, particularly the Cuban- U.S. embassies in London and Rome, Calingaert s most convincing argument American community. deputy assistant secretary of States is his assessment diat the basic inter¬ The book could have usefully pro¬ Bureau of Economic Affairs, senior ests of die United States and a united vided broader historical context since, fellow at the National Planning Europe will not change, even if the after all, overthrowing the Batista Association and director of European EUs organizational structure does. regime in 1959, Fidel Castro has had operations for the American more influence on U.S. foreign policy Pharmaceutical Association. His 1988 Roy Haverkamp is a retired FSO who dian any otiier foreign leader, bar book, The 1992 Challenge from served in Asia, Africa and Europe. none. From his first anti-American

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 53 B O O K s MARTENS VOLVO Dedicated to Diplomacy

Worldwide Delivery to Diplomats moves, Fidels actions have sometimes and Members of International Organizations brought out the worst in U.S. policy¬ making, such as the Bay of Pigs disas¬ ter of 1961, tire mishandling of the 1980 Mattel boatlift and the contro¬ versial Helms/Burton Act of 1996. Ironically, however, Castro’s long chal¬ lenge also provided Washington with incentives for some of the more enlightened policies of the Cold War: the Alliance for Progress of the 1960s; the strengthening of security, democ¬ racy and economic development in Central America in the 1980s; and tire successful Namibia/Angola negotia¬ Contact: Dana Martens, Diplomatic Sales Director tions that removed Cuban troops from southern Africa, also in the 1980s. VOLVO MARTENS 202-537-3000 Domestically, while the Castro CARS OF WASHINGTON, INC. Fax 202-537-1826 regime has failed miserably to achieve 4800 WISCONSIN AVE. WASH.. DC 20016 U.S.A.’s Largest Diplomatic Dealer economic growth, it has done more to bring educational, medical turd social services to a larger portion of its pop¬ ulation than almost any other country in Latin American history. That fact, plus Castro’s ability, assisted by U.S. Perfect Location, Starting at missteps, to cast Cuba as David to America’s looming Goliath, helps Perfect Comfort, account for the naive sympathy Castro $48 still enjoys around the world. Skoug, Perfect Price. however, correctly underscores the heart of the nearly four-decade Not only are we just minutes impasse between the United States from National Airport, the and Cuba: Castro’s unwillingness to National Foreign Affairs Training compromise on the fundamental Center, most government build¬ issues of supporting revolution abroad ings, and Metro-well surprise and imposing anti-democratic you with just how much you Mandst-Leninist principles at home. get for so little. Though a realist, Skoug comes ♦ Spacious suites with across as someone who strove to full kitchens achieve negotiated solutions, particu¬ Pool, sundeck, saunas and ♦ larly on the migration issue. One won¬ exercise facilities ders how many more CCA coordina¬ ♦ Free Cable TV with HBO tors there will be before Castro finally ♦ Free on-site parking leaves the scene in Cuba, thus opening ♦ Free local phone calls Virginian Suites the only real opportunity for a con¬ ♦ Complimentary Continental 1500 Arlington Blvd, Arlington, VA 22209 structive U.S.-Cuban relationship. Breakfast on weekdays 703-522-9600 • 800-275-2866 ♦ Free shuttle to Rosslyn Metro A retired FSO, Ford Cooper served in during rush hour Latin America, the Caribbean and Northern Europe from 1961-1994.

54 FOREIGN SERVICE J O U RN AL/M ARC H 1997 How CHILLY WAS diat reliance “on die strengdi inherent in its military power ... strain[ed] die THE COLD WAR? backward [Soviet economic] system to die extent of effectively paralyzing it.” The Cold War and Soviet It seems unlikely diat communism • Furnished studios to Insecurity: The Stalin Years would have fallen, diat die nations of 3 bedroom residences Vojtecli Mastny, Oxford University East and Central Europe would have • Minimum 30 days Press, 1996, hardcover, $30, 285 pages. been liberated, or that the Soviet Union would have become die • Rates within per diem BY R.T. DAVIES Commonwealth of Independent • Fully equipped kitchens States widiout the pressure of compe¬ Vojtech Mastny’s new 200-page tition with die superior Western sys¬ • Individual washers/dryers book is a major achievement, and a tem of defense production. • Cable TV. & local phone continuation of his authoritative 1979 Mastny wonders whedier the West included account of Stalins wartime diplomacy, should have taken advantage of the • Utilities included Russia’s Road to the Cold War. It political instability following Stalins recounts tire political machinations, death to make a deal with his • Optional Maid service vendettas and maneuverings of tire epigones diat would have liberated • On site fitness center & Soviet dictator from the end of World die satellites 35 years before commu¬ memberships to local health War II to his 1953 deadr. nism and the USSR collapsed. clubs The authors use of substantive doc¬ Instead, the two sides groped slowly umentation from Soviet, East German, toward detente. • Pet friendly locations and Czech archives adds to die existing Drawing lessons from the East- • Major credit cards accepted literature. West struggle under Stalin and Many may have believed Mao beyond, Mastny concludes diat the • One statement billing Zedong sent his h oops into Korea pri¬ Cold War was an anomaly, an “histori¬ • Locations in Virginia, marily in response to Gen. Douglas cal curiosity.” Something similar, he Maryland and D.C. close to MacArthurs push to die Yalu, but writes, “is most unlikely to ever happen new NFATC Mastny shows Mao was eager to enter again.” This strikes an odd note at a die fray well before American troops moment when NATO is planning to Virginia Locations had penetrated so far north. Intent on expand to die western border of the Annandale, Arlington, Ballston, fighting to die last North Korean, former Soviet Union, mid die shaky Courthouse, Crystal City, Stalin declined to involve major Soviet Russian state, dabbling uncertainly in Fairfax City, Falls Church forces to back up his Cliinese ally. The representative government and capi¬ Maryland Locations communist failure to defeat die U.N. talism, is trying to compensate by tight¬ Bethesda, Gaithersburg, Rockville, forces in Korea put Stalin on die ening its relationsliip witii an even Silver Spring defensive and effectively precluded shakier Belarus. District Locations further military adventures. Professor Mastny has asked die Dupont Circle, Foggy Bottom, Upper Students of die period will find few right questions. If America should be Northwest, Waterfront major surprises, but Mastny has filled fated to repeat the Cold War, as it was in many of die previously unknown to repeat World War I, tiiis history will Inquiries (703) 506-3993 details. Of greater interest to die non¬ be a handbook for tiiose who must (800) 776-5057 specialist will be his answers to ques¬ fight it. If not, it will remain what he FAX (703) 506-3997 tions such as: Was die West deceived intended it to be: a masterful account about die gravity of die Soviet direat? of the Cold War, Phase One. ■ LET US SHOW YOU HOW Was die Wests strategy of containment WE OPEN DOORS TO HOMES disproportionate to die real danger it R.T. Davies, a retired FSO and former AWAY FROM HOMES! confronted? Mastny, who seems to ambassador to Poland, worked in U.S.- answer “yes” to both questions, Soviet and U.S.-Eastern European 8230 Old Courthouse Road changes his mind at die end, finding relations from 1947-1980. Suite 450, Vienna, VA 22182

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 55 REAL ESTATE

McGrath PROPERTY MANAGEMENT Real Estate Services PROFIT FROM OUR EXPERIENCE “THE FOREIGN SERVICE SPECIALISTS” Talk To

Experienced staff providing personalized The World’s service in Northern Virginia. Real Estate

ince 1976, McGrath Superpower. Real Estate Services has been successfully representing Foreign Service Officers in every aspect of residential management and sales.

Call novo to discuss how we can help you in the management or sale of your single More than 80,000 professionals and 6,000 offices worldwide. family home, townhome, or condominium. The CENTURY 21 system leads the industry. CENTURY 21 Royal Properties, Inc. 425-B Carlisle Drive Property Management Herndon, VA 22070 1445 Dolley Madison Blvd., McLean, Virginia 22101 Phone (703) 709-2264 • Fax (703) 709-5230 Sales: (800) 368-3465 FAX: (703) 883-8029 Rentals: (703) 893-7227 CompuServe ID# 73752,42 Discover The Power Of Number 1.

Sales, Leasing and Property Management Diplomat Stuart and Maury Inc. Realtors r Returning „ Pr ert,es • Hands on management for over 35 years! to Washington? °P • We’re not huge, we’re selective, we care! House Hunting doesn't have to be a Hassle! Work with Anne Gomez a 15 YEARS EXPERIENCE • Personalized guidance for all your ■ KNOWLEDGE OF THE REAL ESTATE MARKET real estate needs! ■ KNOWLEDGE OF YOUR SPECIAL NEEDS • 1031 Tax deferred exchange specialists! ■ MULTIPLE LISTING • Monthly computerized statements! ■ BUYER BROKER OPTION Write or FAX Anne Gomez for a Free Welcome Kit. Call Susan Bader, property management Diplomat Properties also Specializes in Personalized Property Management. specialist, for more information Owned and Operated by a Former Foreign Service Family

DIPLOMAT PROPERTIES, INC. ii| 7* F 3900 N. Fairfax Drive, #204 Arlington, VA 22203 .oo| 4833 Bethesda Ave. (Near Virginia Square Metro) % Suite 200 Bethesda, MD 20814 Anne Gomez, Broker m ■ L Excellent references upon request (703) 522-5900 FAX (703) 525-4713

56 FOREIGN SERVICE J OU RN Ah! MARC H 1997 RIM ESTATE NOW’S THE TIME!

If you’re rotating in or out and thinking about buying, selling or renting — in Maryland, D.C. or llirginia. Start Now! Rs the spouse of an FSO I know what it’s like mowing here and there. Call me for exceptional service and

TO MAKE YOUR Property Specialists, Inc. A professional and personal sendee tailored PLANS A REALITY to meet your needs in: • Property Management (301)897-8997 • Sales and Rentals • Tax-deferred Exchange • Real Estate Investment Counseling (301) 656-2339 Fa» Our staff includes: E-mail [email protected] Gerry Addison Joann tlowd Donna Courtney Steve Carey Robert Howd Sally Duerbeck COLDUieLL Donna Linton BANISjBR 0 All presently or formerly associated with the Foreign Service. 7832 Wisconsin fluenue 4600-D Lee Highway Arlington, Virginia 22207 (703) 525-7010 (703) 247-3350 Bethesda, MD 20814 Fay Finver e-mail: [email protected] Serving Virginia, Maryland and D.C.

Specializing in Montgomery County (jxecutiue Leasing Promote and market your property; advertising; use of MLS; quality tenants.. iSocfjmj Management Inspection; emergency and normal maintenance... TUiemaliues Accounting Collect rent; pay mortgage, fees, taxes... Interim Accommodations for Corporate and Government Markets

Tip a rtrn en Is, Tocun/iouses £ Sinpfe Tamifp Tfomes Professional Property “FOR THE EXECUTIVE ON THE MOVE” * Management, Inc. Locations throughout Northern Virginia and D.C. 2416 Blueridge Ave., #206, Silver Spring, MD 20902 Units fully furnished, equipped and accessorized Many “Walk to Metro” locations 301/946/4333 Pet Friendly Fax: 301/946-4220 6601 Little River Turnpike, Suite 440 Alexandria, VA 22312 Ask our owners, they are our references. Tel: (703) 354-4070 Fax: (703) 354-2606

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 57 MARKETPLACE

Representing the foreign service community Coming Homo or Going Overseas? for over 20 years in the management and JoAnn PleRney careful oversight of residences in D.C., Broker-Owner Maryland, and Virginia with a team of and team Foreign Service affiliated professionals. Alana Clark Cindy Cooke Vanessa Hardee, Esq, Priscilla Sorrell Sue Malick Ron Daly, PC As a Foreign Service Spouse (30 years) and a licensed Realtor (19 years), 1 know what moving is all about! JP Properties lists and sells houses for Foreign Service Families AND provides outstanding property management services for "worry-free" overseas assignments.. In addition, we can provide you with legal and tax services. Vanessa Hardee, Esq. and Ron Daly, CPA are members of the JP Properties' team and have been working with the Foreign Service community for years. Let JP Properties assist you with all your housing MGMB Inc. Realtors needs. RENTALS & PROPERTY MANAGEMENT WE CARE!!!! 202-362-4480 facsimile: 202-363-8954 CALL, FAX or EMAIL US TODAY!!! 301 Maple Avenue West 4C Vienna, VA 22180 Tel: 703-938-0909 Fax: 703-281-9782 Email: [email protected] Foxhall Square • 3301 New Mexico Ave., N.W. • Washington, l).C. 20016

As foreign service spouses, we Do you have relocated many times MCG throughout our lives. Combin¬ ing this with our 30+ years of FINANCIAL feel like real estate experience enables us to successfully serve your special needs. We are commit¬ PLANNING you are ted and dedicated to delivering the best service to those of you Former State Department Employee coming into or out of the constantly Washington metro area. Please Stationed Overseas Understands Unique feel free to contact us anytime! Financial Situation of Foreign Service coming or Lucille Ryan 703-518-7626 Services Include: Joan Zerolis Retirement Planning going 703-518-7289 The Preparation and Strategies Analysis: Insurance and Investments Toll Free 1-800-659-0729 Lump Sum Retirement Options Fax 703-821-9150 E-mail [email protected] Visit Our Internet Homepage at MARY CORNELLA GINN HTTP://WWW.RJGHTEAM.COM 46.30 Montgomery Avenue, Suite 220 Avery/\ Bethesda, Maryland 20814 HessQ Phone: (301) 951-9160 REALTORS Fax: (703) 938-2278 8100 Boone Blvd., Suite 120

Vienna, VA 22182 SECURITIES OFFERED THROUGH NATHAN & LEWIS SECURITIES, INC., @ Tysons Comer MEMBER NASD & SIPC

58 FOREIGN SERVICE J OU RN AL/M ARC H 1997 MARKETPLACE A

Hotel Suites 420 North Van Dorn Street 1 Alexandria, Virginia 22304 PRODUCTS, SUPPLIES, & LOGISTICS (703) 370-1000 (800) 368-3339 (703) 751-1467 FAX RENT OUR $99.95 SUITES AND GET FREE: G.E. WHIRPOOL Alamo Rental Car PC Modem In All Rooms 110/220V. Office/Computer Products/Supplies, Continental Breakfast Small/Major Appliances, Transformers/ Line USA TODAY Newspaper Adjusters from .5 to 5000 Watts,TV/VCR,Etc. Fully Equipped Kitchens WE CARRY OVER 100,000 PRODUCTS 8(703) 045-3000; I AX:(703) 020-9305 Exercise Room/Pool INTERNET: [email protected] Happy Hour P.O. Box 1929, Falls Church, VA. 22041

ALL OF THE ABOVE FOR LESS THAN Purchase Orders & Major Credit Cards Honored THE GSA LODGING PER DIEM DAILY We Consolidate, Pack, 8 Ship World-Wide ALLOWANCE FOR WDC! J

SHOP IN AN AMERICAN ADVERTISING INDEX

DRUG STORE BY MAIL! Automobiles Furniture Insurance Professional American Service CORT Furniture Clements & Co./l Property Mgt/57 Center/8 Rental/19 Hirshom/IBC Property An ice cream soda is one of the few Chrysler/OBC Jannette/17 Specialist/57 D & M Auto Stuart & items we cannot mail. Drugs, Parts/39 Housing Maury/56 cosmetics, sundries mailed to D.B. Volvo/49 Avalon at Miscellaneous General Motors Ballston/47 Intelsat/IFC every country in the world. Co./2 Avalon Morgan Schools Martens Cars of Crescent/48 Pharmacy/59 Calvert School/38 We maintain permanent family Washington/54 Chase at Movies Chapel Hill/9 Bethesda/52 Unlimited/32 Gonzaga prescription records. Corporate & University/16 Books Executive The Cow VISA & MASTERCARD Death Duty/34 Housing/10 Real Estate School/38 Executive Westtown Housing'll &■ Property School/39 Exclusive Management Exports Apartment Embassy Interim/55 Search/17 Exports/59 Executive Avery Hess, General Lodging/57 Zerolis/58 Electronics/18 FARA/16 Century 21 Stateside Auto George Royal/56 Supply/33 Wasliington University Inn/4 Coldwell Lincoln Towers/14 Banker/57 moRGai Diplomatic National pharmacy Finance Temporary Properties/56 MCG Apartments/49 J.P Properties/58 3001 P Street, N.W. Financial/58 Oakwood/46 Long & Foster/ State Remington/52 Simunek/6 Washington, D.C. 20007 Department The Virginian/54 MGMB/58 FAX: (202) 337-4102 Credit Union/4 The Towers/59 McGrath/56

MARCH 1997/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 59 ZAMBIA 5n

POSTCARD FROM ARROAD An Appetite for Videos in Zambia

BY STEVENSON MCILVAINE

Once Foreign Service families countries colonized by Great lived in remote comers of tire Britain, imaginative Indian “entre¬ globe totally cut off from U.S. Am I on the end preneurs” stock videos of the latest movies and television. A few enjoyed movies filmed five by pirates surrep¬ this reprieve from popular American of the videotape titiously in London theaters. They’re culture, but many spent dreir home OK, as long as one doesn’t mind the leaves catching up on missed films food chain? added atmospherics of the London and sitcoms. Then someone invented theater crowd — including coughs tire VCR and suddenly, one could see and whispers. At least they’re in six-mondr-old U.S.-made movies in English, since both the sizeable Port Moresby and American children Indian population and Africans banished to Bangui could follow the ward button to get dirough the boring speak English. Ninja duties. bits between pitches, completely Another alternative is the embassy For years, our family was air excep¬ destroying die rhythm of die game. video club, though we too often find tion to this rule as we transferred from The result was patches of tape featur¬ ourselves captives of the taste of post to post in Africa. But our cultural ing pitchers languidly adjusting their whomever has recently returned from isolation was not by choice. My extend¬ caps followed by incomprehensible, a U.S. buying spree. That taste most ed family and friends in Washington frenzied action. It wasn’t much solace often means action movies starring D.C. and Northern Virginia, it seems, that the Phillies lost to the Orioles, Chuck Norris and Arnold were technologically challenged and four games to one. Schwartzenegger. Just how many so, even though we gave VCRs to both Chastened by that experience, we times can we be expected to watch my modrer and fadrer for Christmas in prepared for our next posting, Dar Es “Terminator I” and “II” without 1983, and asked them to tape every¬ Salaam, by leaving a TV and VCR plus grinding our teeth away? thing from B-movies to baseball, no five video tapes with a friend in But I descended into video hell tapes showed up in Kinshasa for Washington, D.C. Since she hadn’t during my tenure as DCM in mondrs. owned a TV or VCR before, we also Mogadishu from 1993-94. There the Finally, a tape of the 1983 World left detailed operating instructions local version of a suds and cinema Series featuring my beloved and requests for preferred shows, joint is the Brown and Root Mess Philadelphia Phillies vs. the Baltimore such as “Hill Street Blues” and “60 Hall, where I ate every night. Here, Orioles arrived. I rushed home, Minutes.” We arrived at post, confi¬ the clientele is pure Texas oil field shoved the tape in the dust-covered dent diat tapes would be arriving reg¬ roughneck, the cuisine Sri Lankan. VCR and watched in growing horror ularly, which they did. But they usual¬ One night the strange plat du jour as die series flashed by faster dian old ly stalled halfway through the pro¬ was chicken-fried curry, but tire food silent movies. The friend who had gram and stopped short of the was bearable compared to the full- recorded the game was no baseball denouement, leaving us more frus¬ volume action films accompanying fan and so he had used die fast for- trated dian satisfied. every meal. During one dinner, I At our current post, Lusaka, we counted 33 deaths in a Steven Segal FSO Stevenson McIlvaine is deputy have turned to the local economy film before I could finish the meal chief of mission at U.S. Embassy and kind colleagues for our lifeline and flee. Lusaka. The stamp is courtesy of the to popular American culture. Here, I guess I’m on the end of the AAFSW Bookfair “Stamp Corner.” as tiiroughout most of the African videotape food chain. ■

60 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/MARCH 1997 OK — if your post is way out here,

on this planet, we’ll insure you.

The AFSA Personal Insurance Plan will insure you and your effects no matter where you go outside jjp- r -jn the United States. And that I Iss#'7,'A \ rfyt&imem E protection comes at the same low c rate everywhere, world-wide. For more information and an application, return this form pin mail or fax, or call our AFSA desk directly for immediate answers to your questions. * -jV ’ ; The AFSA Insurance Plan. AFSA DESK • THE HIRSHORN COMPANY SjU. EAST HIGHLAND AVENUE • PHILADELPHIA, PA ij)Il8 ? PHONE: 215.242.8200 fl.8bo.242.8221 // n.fc. AREA: 202,457.0250 • FAX: 21^247.6566 No exceptions, no excuses — and nobody else does it. The AFSA Personal Insurance Plan PRIVILEGE: a right, advantage, favor, or immunity specially granted to one. Jm

1997 Chrysler LHS

As a member of the Diplomatic Corps, you Diplomatic price, including all applicable rebates. are eligible for special privileges when you Your Personal Advisor can also arrange delivery order a vehicle through Chrysler’s Diplomatic anywhere in the U.S. or to most overseas locations. Purchase Program. They include preferred In other words, we set you free of tedious details. savings; fast, personalized ordering assistance; and uncompromising service with Chrysler’s If you’d rather, fill out and mail or telefax the worry-free worldwide warranty. Perquisites card on Page 11. You’ll quickly receive a catalogue appropriate to your office. for the vehicle(s) of your choice. The Diplomatic Purchase Program. It’s the easy, money-saving way Choose from the full line of 1997 Chrysler to start enjoying Chrysler’s many advantages. Corporation products: Chrysler, Plymouth, and Dodge cars and minivans, Eagle cars, and ^CHRYSLER Jeeps and Dodge trucks. W INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMATIC SALES Phone for personalized service. Your Personal IN THE U.S., PHONE YOUR PERSONAL ADVISOR AT 1-800-877-7083 or (516) 496-1806. TELEFAX: (516) 677-3701 Advisor will order the model and color you want with E-Mail to: [email protected] the equipment you want and quote the official Jeep is a registered trademark of Chrysler Corporation.