The Remains of a Phoenician Temple. Illustrated. Prof

TOe ©pen Court A MONTHLY MAGAZINE Wevotct> to tbe Science of 1Relf#on, tbe IReUafon of Science, ano tbe Extension of tbe IReligious parliament floea Editor: Dr. Paul Carus. j e " c Hhgelrr Assistant Editor: T. McCormack. -4«o«a*«.- J. j MA„ CarSs VOL. XVII. (no. 2) February, 1903. NO. 561 CONTENTS: Frontispiece. Abraham Lincoln. The Remains of a Phoenician Temple. Illustrated. Prof. Charles C. Tor- rey, New Haven, Conn g_ The Religious Beliefs of Abraham Lincoln. R. C. Roper, Lincoln, Neb. 76 John Wesley Powell. A Biography. III. The Professor. Mrs. M. D. Lincoln (Bessie Beech), Washington, D. C 86 Critique of the Concept of Temperature. With Three Diagrams. Dr. Ernst Mach, University of Vienna - Q Mithraism and Its Influence Upon Christianity. Editor I04 fudaism and Christianity. Reflections Evoked by Weinstock's Jesus the Dr. Jew. H. W. Thomas, Chicago loy The Water of Life. With Illustration. Editor II2 Dr. Radau's "Creation-Story of Genesis." Prof. A. H. Sayce, Cairo, Egypt. 115 Maurice Maeterlinck. M. Sylvestre ^5 Ethical Ideas of Japanese Girls. Interesting Inquiries in Osaka. (From The Japanese Times') I2I The Lay Church. The Rev. Oliver H. P. Smith '123 Tolstoy's Name. Nathan Haskell Dole I2 . The Many Buddhas. Capt. C. Pfoundes, Japan I2 c Book Notices g CHICAGO Zhe ©pen Court fltablfebfag Company LONDON: Kegan Paul, Trench, Triibner & Co., Ltd. Per copy, 10 cents (sixpence). Yearly, $1.00 (in the U. P. U., 5s. 6d.). Copyright, 1903, by The Open Court Publishing Co. Entered at the Chicago Post Office as Second-Class Matter. — —— — — — New Books on the Old Testament BABEL AND BIBLE. A Lecture on the Significance of Assyriological Research for Religion Twice Delivered Before the German Emperor. By Dr. Friedrich Delitzsch, Professor of Assyriology in the University of Berlin. Trans- lated from the German by Thomas J. McCormack. Profusely illustrated from the best sources on Assyriology. Fifty-nine half-tone and photo-zinc engravings depicting every phase of Assyrio-Babylonian life and art. Pp. 66. Price, boards, 50 cents net (2s. 6d. net). "A very useful service has been done by the publication of a translation of Dr. De- ' " litzsch's ' Babel and Bible ; it brings together in brief and well-considered shape, by a man thoroughly familiar with the subject, the broad general outlines of the results of the explora- tions of the past half-century. .. .Taken as a whole, this little thin volume, with its rapid survey, its illustrations, and its grasp of the entire subject gives exactly what many have wanted on Babylonian discoveries." The Philadelphia Press. "He writes with great calmness and moderation. From the beginning to the end of his lecture he displays a noble attitude of humility which lends an irresistible charm to his exhaustive scholarship. .There is no danger that any established conclusion of modern learn- ing will be refused admittance to the halls of Catholic scholarship." Catholic World. "For one who is anxious to know just what Assyriology has done in elucidating the meaning of the Old Testament and in establishing its chronology, no better reference work could be suggested than this timely little book of Professor Delitzsch's." Hartford Sem- inary Record. 1 "The little book is to be heartily recommended as a popular expose of the present status of Semitic research in reference to its bearing upon the Bible." New York Times. "It is a fascinating story, simply and vividly told, —the story of a philosopher to an emperor, of a teacher to his .students." Unity. THE CREATION-STORY OF GENESIS I. A Sumerian Theogony and Cosmogony. By Dr. Hugo Radau. Pages, 70, vi. Price, boards, 75 cents net (3s. 6d. net). This work is an exhaustive and erudite investigation, on the ground of Sumerian sources accessible only to a few scholars, of the creation-story of the Bible, which is proved, in part, to be the redaction of a Sumerian theogony and cosmogony. The booklet offers something entirely new in this direction and sheds an unexpected light on the most discussed chapter of the Bible. "This work will be of special interest to students of comparative mythology, as it deals with the myths of the Primeval Ocean and the Storm God, and Dr. Radau draws many interesting comparisons between these ancient hymns and the Hebrew writings. Especially curious is the account of a vision to King Gudea, B. C. 2800, which is found on a clay cylinder in the Louvre." London Globe. cH C THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING CO., 3a4 Diarb?r°n London : Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., Ltd. —— THE LIBERATOR ST. GAUDENS' LINCOLN, LINCOLN PARK, CHICAGO Uprisen from his fasced chair of state. Above his riven people bending grave, His heart upon the sorrow of the slave, Stands simply strong the kindly man of fate. Bv war's deep bitterness and brothers' hate Untouched he stands, intent alone to save What God himself and human justice gave, The right of men to freedom's fair estate. In homely strength he towers almost divine, His mighty shoulders bent with breaking care, His thought-worn face with sympathies grown fine; And as men gaze their hearts as oft declare That this is he whom all their hearts enshrine, This man that saved a race from slow despair. Chicago, 1S99. — Horace Spencer Fiske. ABRAHAM LINCOLN FROM A PHOTOGRAPH OF ST. GAUDENS' STATUE OF LINCOLN BY COURTESY OF MR. W. SCOTT THURBER, CHICAGO The Open Court A MONTHLY MAGAZINE Devoted to the Science of Religion, the Religion of Science, and the Extension of the Religious Parliament Idea. VOL. XVII. (no. 2.) FEBRUARY, 1903. NO. 561 Copyright by The Open Court Publishing Co., 1902. THE REMAINS OF A PHCENICIAN TEMPLE. BY PROF. CHARLES C. TORREY. IT is surprising how few undoubted monuments of the old Phoe- nician civilisation have been preserved for us,-—or, to speak more accurately, how few are now known to be in existence. For more than a thousand years the Phoenicians were in many respects the foremost people of Western Asia. They were great builders, and all along the line of magnificent cities with which they had bordered the Mediterranean shore, from Carmel two hundred miles northward to Laodicea, great temples, palaces, and other monuments must have been conspicuous far and wide, as are the towers of Naples and Genoa, or the mosques of Constantinople, at the present day. But all these buildings have disappeared, and so completely as to leave hardly a trace behind. At Rome, Passtum, Agrigentum, Athens, Ephesus, Baalbek, and many other cities of the Mediterranean lands, stately ruins, sufficient to give us some idea of the ancient splendor, are still standing ; but on no one of the old Phoenician sites has there been found, hitherto, anything to correspond to the remains just mentioned. The explanation of this fact is not far to seek. It lies partly in the character of the building material-—soft limestone— chiefly terrible devastation of used on the Syrian coast ; partly in the war followed by wholesale demolition and conflagration, to which these cities have been subjected in a degree rarely paralleled, Sidon and Tyre especially being reduced again and again almost to mere rub- bish heaps; and finally, to the lack, thus far, of any systematic and thorough excavation in these regions. There is undoubtedly to be found, beneath the surface, much that will help to supply our sore lack of knowledge of the civilisation of this remarkable people. 66 THE OPEN COURT. The recent discovery of the extensive ruins of a Phoenician temple—the first of the kind which has come to light— is therefore a matter of no small interest; especially since inscribed stones, found in situ, tell us both the name of the king who erected the building, and that of the god to whom it was dedicated. Less than two miles north of the present city of Sidon, the Auwaly river runs through an opening in the mountains into the sea. This is the river mentioned by several of the ancient geogra- phers under the name Bostrenus. This chief passage is the oft- quoted one in Dionysius Periegetes (third or fourth century A. D.), The Site of the Temple (the Arrow Pointing to the Upper Wall). who, in naming the principal Phoenician cities, speaks of Sidon in the following terms : . ./cat "Lidova apOe/uoeacav p' e JiocTprjvolo. ~Na/o[iev?/v xa l£VT0? <f vdaoi "And blooming Sidon, situated by the waters of the beautiful Bostrenus." 1 The phrase "situated upon the Bostrenus" has caused some diffi- culty, to be sure. No one would think of describing the present city of Sidon as lying on this stream, though it might well be said to lie near by it. But there can be no question that the limits of 1 For the whole passage and the best-known Latin translations of it, see Reland's Palcestina, P- 437- THE REMAINS OF A PHOENICIAN TEMPLE. 67 the ancient city extended far beyond those of the modern village, and it is certain that no part of the adjoining territory would have been more likely to be thus occupied than this narrow strip of hill- side and plain running northward to the "Bostrenus." The discovery about to be described must be admitted to furnish strong evidence that the statement of the geographer Dionysius was liter- ally correct. At all events, and whatever the territory included in old Sidon, it has long been known that great buildings must have stood in this particular district, where the Auwaly river breaks through the hills at the edge of the plain, half a mile back from the shore.

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