______2015/CSA/011 Agenda Item: 4f

Centre for Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI – UKM) Response - Towards Disaster Risk Reduction in

Purpose: Information Submitted by: Malaysia

Third APEC Chief Science Advisors and Equivalents Meeting Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 14-16 October 2015

SEADPRI-UKM Responses Towards DRR in Malaysia...

Centre for Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI – UKM) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

PART I:

ABOUT SEADPRI-UKM

1 SEADPRI-UKM

Established on 1st June 2008

Vision Leader in Innovative Research and Knowledge Sharing on Holistic Disaster Prevention Mission

 Conduct holistic research on hazards and disasters at national and regional levels

 Enhance human capital and capacity at national and regional levels, particularly in Southeast Asia

 Support knowledge-based decision making on climatic, geological and technological hazards

Objectives

 Explore and expand knowledge in the fields of climatic, geological and technological hazards

 Conduct multidisciplinary research programmes in disaster prevention and risk reduction

 Develop trained human capital in addressing disaster issues for knowledge- based decision making through post- graduate programmes

 Serve as a focal point on issues related to science and governance for disaster risk reduction in Southeast Asia

 Provide policy and technical advise to stakeholders in related to disaster prevention and risk reduction matters

2 Research & Development Activities

Research Programmes Holisticandintegratedapproach(science, technology, impact, vulnerability & governance) to reduce risk of:  Climatic Hazards  Geological Hazards  Technological Hazards

Core Activities

 Applied Research

 Policy Advisor to Government & Stakeholders

 Education and Training

 Masters and Doctoral program

 Workshop and Training Courses

 Outreach and Networking

Outreach at Regional and International Level

No Negara . 1 IGES, Tokyo 2 DPRI, Kyoto 3 Kyoto Uni. 4 APN Kobe 5 ADRC HQ 6 AMCDRR Korea 7 8 UPLB Manila 9 HueCity Univ. 10 IMHEN Hanoi 11 RUPP Cambodia 12 CCOP 13 APAN 14 UChi 15 NTU 16 AMCDRR Jogja 17 ITB 18 LIPI 19 ASEAN 20 IPB Bogor 21 Padang 22 IISc Bangalore 23 ADRC Colombo 24 MSSRF Chennai 25 Cambridge Uni. 26 IPCC 27 ICSU 28 UNISDR 29 kfW Hamberg 30 GTK Finland

3 PART II:

The Science and Technology Response to Disaster Risk Reduction - The Malaysian Experience

Case Study 1 | Case Study 2

Task Force for Forensic Study on Flood Disaster 2014: Policy, Action & Research Responses

 Forensic study done by a group of researchers from January to March 2015

 Frequent expert meeting to discuss and finding the best policy, action and research responses towards flood disaster 2014

 Comprises of local universities includes UMT, UTM, UMK, UKM, and USM

 The main factor is the prolonged heavy rains in the upper reaches of the river basin

 Daily rainfall within a weeks, from 20-26 Dec 2014

 In Gunung Gagau, daily rainfall recorded is 1,237mm (47% of a year rainfall)

 In Kuala Koh, daily rainfall recorded is 1,346mm (53% of a year rainfall)

4 Case Study 1 | Case Study 2

Recommendation | Policy Response | | Action Response | | Research Response |

 National Disaster Act  Preparation of flood risk  Detailed study on the

 National Disaster Centre maps impact of major floods in

 Management based on river  Improve flood forecasting 2014 basin approach  Flood risk index  Integrated research on

 Expand MetMalaysia  Maintenance of instruments climate, flood and disaster functions and information  Scientific data used for

 Expand DID functions  Implementation of disaster forecasting   Policy on disaster risk community-based early Public participation and communication warning system awareness   Policy on disaster education  Capacity building for Perspective of social entrepreneurship in  Higher education on disaster teachers disaster risk reduction management  Disaster education  Eco-based DRR  Disaster risk reduction  Strengthening the mechanism leadership of the local  Community engagement and resilience  Disaster risk transfer and university sharing  Integration of disaster risk  Evaluation of socio- economic resilience  Access to disaster reduction at the local level information  Build back better and safer  Asset and supply change management in disaster  Strengthening disaster  Integrated relief asset preparedness and response management response   Supply chain management in Strengthening institutional disaster response mechanisms for disaster management  Awareness and capacity building programme

Case Study 1 | Case Study 2 2015 Earthquake and Rock Falls in

 Rapid assessment geohazard specialists from UKM and UMS to Mount Kinabalu surrounding areas  The attention given to assessing the impact and incidence of tremors and rockfalls, debris flows and floods as a result of the phenomenon of major earthquakes and aftershocks  History of moderate earthquake before in Sabah, i.e. magnitude 6.3 (1923) and 6.2 (1976) in Lahad Datu; Source: USGS Kudat 6.1 (1951) and 5.4 (1991) in (1991) Magnitude vs Date

 2015 earthquake - unusual aftershock 6.0

compared to the prevalence of 5.0

aftershocks concentrated over a few 4.0

active faults 3.0

Magnitude, M Magnitude, 2.0

1.0 5 1015202530 Date (June 2015)

5 Case Study 1 | Case Study 2

Rock Falls

 Dozens of signs along the rocky slopes of rock debris around Mount Kinabalu at altitudes between 2,500 and 4,000m

 One of Donkey Ears broken in half and fell into Low's Gulley. The size of the falling blocks estimated (10x5x30m = 1,500 cubic meters) and has now changed Mount Kinabalu landform forever

 Estimated around 14 million cubic meters of rock collapsed, the equivalent weight of 21 million tonnes, has been Source: Felix Tongkul deposited in the river in the 'slope break' between past steep slopes and medium steep slopes / ramps

Case Study 1 | Case Study 2

Flood and Debris Flow

 Rain for two days has triggered the creation of the Debris Flow on June 13, 2015 along the upstream river of Mount Kinabalu, especially Liwagu River and Kadamaian River  Floods reaches 20 m above the river bed (about 3m above the floodplain) – damaged to access road and bridge to Mesilau Resort  Pile of rocks and timbers blocked the riverbed and shallowed the riverbanks

6 Case Study 1 | Case Study 2

Recommendation

 Conduct a detailed study on recent earthquake phenomenon in order to understand the causes, mechanisms and long-term impact  Special study of rock slope stability along the Mount Kinabalu and climbers route  A systematic study of the phenomenon from the perspective of disaster, identify the danger zones (disaster risk maps), and disaster risk reduction measures need to be taken - management of land use and new development policies are implemented more effectively  Study on large scale landslide in a number of areas that have been identified, particularly in , and other areas around Ranau and Mount Kinabalu should be reactivated  Sabah Parks Management should be given a bigger mandate to manage as a World Heritage Site from the perspective of conservation, preservation, education, public safety, restoration, recreation and ecotourism mountain

PART III:

Policy Advisory to Government

7 Policy Advisory to Government

National Platform and Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction (MyDRR) - a nationally owned and led multi-stakeholder forum working on disaster risk reduction The National Security Council of the Prime Minister’s Department is entrusted with the responsibility of ensuring the effectiveness of the disaster management mechanisms that have been put in place. In order to strengthen the collection of actions that are being undertaken in the country, the National Security Council, with a technical support from SEADPRI-UKM, is formalizing the existing arrangements for disaster risk reduction and expanding the array of stakeholders through establishment of the National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction which has been launched in 2013

Policy Advisory to Government

Establishment of Scientific Expert Panel on Disaster Risk Reduction

“…The setting up of the Scientific Expert Panel on Disaster Risk Reduction will serve as the primary platform for the application of science towards disaster management. The Scientific Expert Panel will bring together key public and private science institutions in the country under the aegis of the National Science, Technology, and Industry Council chaired by the Prime Minister of Malaysia to provide timely and evidence-based inputs to support the National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction…”

Official Statement by Malaysia at Third United Nations World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, 15 March 2015, Sendai,

8 For further information, kindly contact: Centre for Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI – UKM) Level 6, Block 1, Keris Mas Building Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor MALAYSIA Tel : +6 03-8921 4852/4853 Fax : +6 03-8927 5629 Email : [email protected] Website : www.ukm.my/seadpri

Thank You

9