Pubb564c1.11 THE CASTOR ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA Vol.5 No.1 March 1987
FAMILY ORIGINS
We have started our newsletter each year with a similar article, as an introduction for the new members as well as a refresher for our more familiar followers.
Many families of the surname Custer, Kester, Caster, Custard and other similar variants share a common ancestral point, but this is not true in every case. In many cases, the family may be traced to Paulus and Gertrude Kuster who came with some of their children to Germantown, Pennsylvania between 1687 and 1691. But there were a number of other immigrants bearing the same or similar name, both before and after Paulus and Gertrude. And some families trace their origin to a name quite different. For example, in 1736, Hans Georg Gerster and his wife, Eve Gisin, arrived in Philadelphia aboard the ship Princess Augusta which had come from Cowes, Isle of Wight, England. Hans was born 1710 in Basel, Switzerland. Hans and Eve married in 1735, and after their arrival in this country, they had a family of eight. Although their surname was Gerster, it was soon pronounced Gaster or Garster in this country, and was corrupted into Caster or Castor. By 1762, Hans had become John George Castor, and more frequently, George Castor. Most of his descendants carry the surname Castor, although some are Caster. It is said that other Gerster families came to America in 1748, 1749, 1768, 1803, 1804 and 1805, and most of their descendants are today either Caster or Castor. And then there was John de Castorer who was born 1748 in New London, Connecticut. John married 1770 Anna Calkins, and they lived near Spencertown, New York from where John enlisted in 1776 for the Revolutionary War. After the war, they moved to Redfield, New York, and later to Ellisburg, New York. Their surname shortened to Caster, and their nine children were styled either Caster or Castor. It appears that most of these families came from Germanic states or from adjacent states, such as Holland or Switzerland. For the main part, they were German speaking. As we learn more about their towns of origin in Europe, we note a pattern of coming from along the Rhine River, or the Moselle River which joins the Rhine. Some of these German speaking people did not come directly to America, but came by way of England or some other intermediate point. In Colonial times, we find the Germanic surnames of Mister and Kaster as being rather common in the
page -1- Rhine Valley. Usually these names were spelled with a "K" but occasionally were recorded with a "C." The normal German spelling is with the K, and the C was probably introduced in church records by priests because of the Latin influence. German words and names do not begin with the letter. C, and when we find words and names in German that begin with a C, they are either words borrowed from another language, or have been affected by a foriegn influence. Of course, when these German immigrants came to America, their English speaking neighbors often influenced the spelling of the name to begin with a C, which was more normal for the English speaking people. Let us consider the family of Paulus and Gertrude KUster who came from Krefeld,'Germany between 1687 and 1691. They brought with them sons Arnold, Johannes and Hermanus, and perhaps a daughter Eva. The descendants of son Arnold used the surname Custer or Custard generally, although occasionally we find the use of the surname Kester. The descendants of Johannes used the surname Kester with great consistency. And Hermanus' descendants used the surname Custer consistently. Some of Arnold's descendants who were known as Custard for a few generations, transformed about 1800 to Castor or some variant of Castor. Such variants were Caster, Kaster or Kastor. In a few isolated cases a few decades later, there were a few changes of Custer to Caster or Castor -- these seem to have occured among the descendants of Arnold's son Nicholas. The family of Paul and Mary (Garver) Custer is one such case. Paul was born February 1778 in Bertie County, North Carolina, and later settled in Wayne County, Indiana. Paul and Mary had ten children, seven of whom remained Custers, and three of the boys became Casters, thus starting a new strain of Caster. All of these transformations seem strange and unexpected to us today, but we have good evidence to document many of these. Conrad Custer/Custard of Brock's Gap, Virginia was a son of Arnold Kuster. Several of Conrad's children are well authenticated, while the evidence of others is less certain. Some children used Custer, others Custard, and the youngest, Joseph, seems to have used Kester. Conrad's oldest son, Arnold, was killed by Indians (some question that he was killed by Indians), leaving a widow and some young children. The youngest two children were Noah and Arnold, and it is suspected strongly that this Noah is the Noah Castor who settled later in Ashland County, Ohio. And we suspect strongly that Arnold is the Arnold Castor who settled in Wayne County, Ohio (in a part that later became Holmes County). Conrad's son Isaac died 1780 in Kentucky, and left descendants that used the name Kaster or Kastor. Another son of Conrad was Benjamin who used the name Custard initially, but changed later to Castor. Sons John and George were known as Custard, and several suspected descendants of theirs used the name Caster or Castor (for example John Caster, Sr).
But there were many other immigrants in addition to Paulus and Gertrude. Note that we are featuring a companion article which details a chronological list of immigrants and notes the documentation. Hopefully, use of this list will lead us to more and better insights about the origins of these related names. For example, it is now becoming evident that KUster and KOster are probably the same name, KUster being the German form aid KOster being the Holland or Dutch form. Another way of stating this is that Mister is the Old High German form, and KOster is the Low German form. It is said that KUster and Mister are derived from the lower or lesser church offices, and is still applied today in Germany to designate the person who takes care of the sacristy and church valuables. Those of you who read the December 1986 issue of The News-Caster, page 72, remember the item about Laurens Janszoon KOster inventing movable type in the year 1440 -- so, the name goes back a long
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time. The surname Kaster in early European times was a noble name, being first recorded in the year 1148. Count Julius of the Kaster family is noted in 1231. There is a town in Germany called Julich, about twenty miles from the village of Kaster. These towns are close to Krefeld and Kaldenkirchen (see map on page 2 of the December 1984 News-Caster). It is also said that this noble family died out. So, subsequent generations of Kasters probably are not traceable to the family of nobility. However, it is interesting that the name Kaster seems to be .a distinct surname in Germany, but occurs in the same general area as many Kister and K8ster families. One wonders what commonality, if any, existed in the days of antiquity. The two dots over the letter "U" or "8" is called an umlaut, and is frequently found in German, but is foreign to our English language. The umlaut signifies a slightly different pronounciation. The umlaut "U" is similar to "ue" and ..umlaut ";5" is similar to "oe" --. in fact, in Germany, sometimes the "u" would give way to "ue" and "o" to "oe" and this accounts for the variants Kuester and Koester. When the newly arrived German immigrants pronounced umlaut U or umlaut O, their English neighbors often had difficulty. Sometimes, they simply did not know how to handle these foreign sounds. The results varied, and so we find new variants - Kister, Keister, Kiester, Keaster, Cyster, etc. It appears, in our present state of understanding, that the basic surnames coming from Europe were Mister (and its Dutch equivalent, KOster), Kaster, and Gerster. But read what Milo Custer (1) quotes from Heintze's "Die Deutschen Familiennamen" by Cascorbi, revised edition, Halle a. S 1933, page 315 -- and we find all sorts of derivative names, such as Kusterman, Kusterjans, Kustersteffen, Hessekuster, Guster, Kusterer, Kosterman, Altekoster, Lehmkoster, Kostering, and Kustner. These many other German names boggle the mind. Many families came to this country from Europe as Mister, Kaster, Gerster, or some variant of these. Most came from Germany or Switzerland; however, some have come from England, Ireland, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Russia and other European countries. It is probable, however, that they originally came from Germany or Switzerland.
(1) Milo Custer Custer Genealogies (1944), page XXX
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IMMIGRANT LIST -- THROUGH 1750
We have compiled a list of immigrants with sources noted, and a brief abstract of the information known. Most of these have come from the comprehensive work Passenger & Immigration Lists by P William Filby with Mary K Meyer. To the best of our ability, these are listed chronologically. Please let us know if you can add to this list. In the next issue, we will continue the list from 1751 through 1800. John Costard arrived 1623 or earlier in Virginia Ship Passenger Lists: The South (1538-1825) Carl Boyer, ed (1979), p 39 -- lived "at Mr Edward Bennets Plantation."
Elizabeth Caster arrived 1649 in Maryland The Early Settlers of Maryland: an Index to
page -3- names of Immigrants Compiled from Records of Land Patents 1633-1680 in Hall of Records, Annapolis, Md by Gust Skordas, ed (1968), p 83