How do EU agencies and other bodies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda? November 2016 Report prepared by Deloitte

Project team: Thierry Van Schoubroeck Éva Kamarás Mathieu Saunier Emilie Wiliquet Chloé Gavard

The information and views set out in this report are those of the project team and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the EUAN nor its current Chair EUIPO. The EU Network/EUIPO does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study. Neither the EU Agencies Network/EUIPO nor any person acting on the EU Agencies Network/EUIPO’s behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. Table ofHow contents do EU agencies and other bodies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

What this report is about 3

The Europe 2020 Strategy and the Juncker Commission Agenda 5

Connecting the dots: from the EU’s objectives to the EU agencies’ strategic actions 11

Contribution of EU agencies: What’s in it for citizens? 15

Contribution theme 1: Ensuring an Area of Freedom, Security and Justice 19

Contribution theme 2 : Supervising Financial Systems 27

Contribution theme 3: Supporting EU Businesses and Innovation 35 Innovation 37 Transport 42 Energy 48 Digital Connectivity 52

Contribution theme 4: Fostering Citizens’ Well-Being 57 Citizens’ Protection 58 Skills and education 64

Contribution theme 5: Providing Security & Defence 67

Key takeaways 74

Annexes 79

1 2 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

What this report is about

Decentralised EU agencies and other bodies are important drivers of the successful implementation of the goals of the Europe 2020 Strategy and the Juncker Commission Agenda. This report presents their contribution to the priorities set out in the Union’s strategic guidelines. This is illustrated by showing how agencies deliver benefits to EU citizens across various themes of their everyday lives.

Since the 1990s, the and Challenges facing the Union and Member Member States have set up specialised States include recovery from the 2008-2012 bodies which are decentralised from economic and financial crisis, the migration the historical core location of the EU crisis, internal and external security threats, administration. The 37 EU decentralised and climate change. EU agencies play a key agencies1, 7 European joint undertakings role in implementing measures to respond and other bodies in the scope of this to these challenges. They coordinate and report (hereafter: ‘agencies’) are located pool together scientific and technical across many Member States in order to expertise and resources from European bring Europe closer to citizens. They help Institutions, national governments, the European Institutions make decisions authorities and industry. As a result, the EU and implement policies thanks to their can capitalise on the value agencies add in expertise in specialised areas. order to implement the strategic goals of the Europe 2020 Strategy and of the Juncker The agencies were created to respond to Commission Agenda. a particular need. Each of them carries out legal, technical and scientific activities The action of several agencies also has an and tasks in various areas, ranging from external dimension. In particular, some 1 ACER, BEREC Office, CdT, CPVO, CEDEFOP, transport to security, from energy to health of them encourage the development of CEPOL, EASA, EASO, EBA, ECDC, ECHA, EDA, or from financial services to telecoms. They international standards which bring value EEA, EFCA, EFSA, EIGE, EIOPA, EMA, EMCDDA, have an impact on the everyday life of to the rest of the world. EMSA, ENISA, ERA, ESMA, ETF, EUIPO, EUISS, Eurofound, Eurojust, , eu-LISA, EU- more than 500 million European citizens. OSHA, FRA, FRONTEX, EIT, GSA, SatCen, SRB. The purpose of this report is to present 2 Joint undertakings – namely BBI JU, 2 Agencies have gained visibility by taking the benefits of EU agencies in a clear JU, FCH JU, F4E, IMI 2 JU, SESAR JU, S2R JU - are on an increasingly important role in the and understandable way to a range of collaborative structures set up for the “efficient activities of the EU. Overall, the 2015 audiences, including citizens, members of execution of Union research, technological budget of the 44 agencies represents the and stakeholders development and demonstration programmes” under the Treaty on the Functioning of the less than 0.8% of the EU’s total budget and beneficiaries of agencies’ services. Its European Union. (about €1.2 billion)3 , and their workforce aim is not to evaluate the performance 3 4 Consolidated annual accounts of the amounts to about 5,500 staff in 2016 . In of individual agencies but to explain and European Union – Financial year 2015, p. 33, order to achieve even more benefits for illustrate the contribution they make to http://ec.europa.eu/budget/library/biblio/ the citizens, they collaborate within the EU the implementation of the Europe 2020 documents/2015/EU_AnnualAccounts2015_ Agencies Network (EUAN). The Network Strategy and the Juncker Commission EN.pdf, consulted on 1 September 2016. is currently composed of 44 EU agencies Agenda – which in turn allows them to 4 Budgets – Definitive adoption (EU, Euratom) and cooperates closely with European work towards the improvement of citizens’ 2016/150 of the European Union’s general budget for the financial year 2016, p. 152, Institutions and Member States. everyday lives. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:L:2016:048:FULL&from=E, consulted on 1 September 2016.

3 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

This report reviews the contribution of the 44 agencies of the EU Agencies Network against two major strategies setting the tone and direction for Europe in the last decade: the Europe 2020 Strategy, elaborated by the Barroso in 2010, and the Juncker Commission Agenda, published in July 2014. Agencies' contribution is analysed based on their missions, strategic objectives and actions as defined in their Founding Regulations and translated into their Annual Work Programmes and Annual Activity Reports.

The first section of the report presents the background to the EU’s strategic objectives set out by the EU Treaties, the Europe 2020 Strategy and the Juncker Commission Agenda. It establishes the methodological approach chosen for the analysis, namely the Value Map of the EU agencies.

The second part of the report provides the analysis of agencies’ contribution to the objectives of the two EU strategies according to five themes that cover several key aspects of citizens’ everyday lives:

• Ensuring an area of freedom, security and justice, • Supervising financial systems, • Supporting EU businesses and innovation (including separate sections on innovation, energy, transport and digital connectivity), • Fostering citizens’ well-being (including separate sections on citizens’ protection and skills and education), • Providing security and defence.

The concluding chapter summarises this analysis and the agencies’ contributions to innovation, growth, jobs, the digital society, the internal market, climate change and energy policies, the economic and monetary union, justice and fundamental rights, the migration agenda, and Europe’s external policies.

Finally, the annexes contain a detailed analysis of the contribution of each of the 44 agencies to the Europe 2020 Strategy and the Juncker Commission Agenda.

EUROPEAN BORDER AND COAST GUARD AGENCY

4 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

The Europe 2020 Strategy and the Juncker Commission Agenda

In order to understand the contribution of agencies to the European Union’s work, it is important to also understand the Union’s purpose and strategic objectives. These have evolved in order to address new challenges and to respond to unexpected crises, while ensuring overall coherence with Member States’ common evolution. For the purpose of this report, the overall objectives of the European Union are illustrated at three levels: the (TEU), the Europe 2020 Strategy, and the Juncker Commission Agenda.

5 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

The Treaty of the European Union: the The Europe 2020 Strategy: Smart, EU Policy Focus Areas EU’s overall objectives and focus Sustainable and Inclusive Growth The foundations of the Union’s actions In the aftermath of the 2008 economic Articles 2 to 6 of the TFEU establish are enshrined in the Treaty on European and financial crisis and the high level of the policy areas of focus with a view Union5 – (hereafter: TEU) as amended unemployment and pressure on social to achieving the objectives set by the by the 2009 Lisbon Treaty; the Treaty cohesion it created, the Europe 2020 Treaty. on the Functioning of the European Strategy was drawn up by the European Union6 – hereafter: TFEU). The Treaty sets Commission in March 2010. ••Internal market, including the the foundation for the Member States’ establishment of the competition common evolution by defining principles, The uncertain and turbulent times the rules necessary for its proper values and objectives that all peoples and Union has faced since the beginning of functioning; Monetary policy for the citizens of the Union may claim equally.. the economic and financial crisis has led Member States whose currency is the the to elaborate ; In short, the Treaty defines the common on the short- and long-term priorities that •• Conservation of marine biological principles and values binding Member guide the strategic and tactical objectives resources under the common States and the overall objectives for and actions of the EU Institutions. These fisheries policy; which they confer competences to the constitute the framework, from the •• Common commercial policy; supranational level. It also defines the top level of the Europe 2020 Strategy •• Social policy; respective spheres of competence framing pillars down to the strategic activities •• Economic, social and territorial the cooperation between the Union and implemented by the EU agencies, enabling cohesion; Member States and the policy areas in the reflection on how those bring value to •• Agriculture and fisheries; which this cooperation is implemented. the peoples and citizens of Europe. •• Environment; Lastly, it defines the institutional framework •• Consumer protection; organising the Union’s actions and The Europe 2020 Strategy essentially •• Transport; identifies the areas in which its intervention focuses on two of the five overall •• Trans-European networks; is foreseen.. objectives – the internal market and the •• Energy; economic and monetary union. It targets •• Freedom, security and justice; Article 3 of the TEU sets out the overall Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth: •• Common safety concerns in public objectives, which form the basis for EU three mutually reinforcing priorities with health matters; agencies’ raison d’être: the ultimate objective of delivering high •• Research, technological development •• Promoting peace and the well-being levels of employment, productivity and and space; of citizens in Europe; social cohesion. The implementation and •• Development cooperation and •• Building and sustaining an area of monitoring of the Europe 2020 Strategy humanitarian aid; freedom, security and justice; is guided and steered via five interrelated •• Economic policies within the Union •• Establishing an efficient and headline targets, quantitative indicators •• Protection and improvement of sustainable internal market; and objectives towards investment in human health; •• Establishing an economic and research and development, employment, •• Industry; monetary union whose currency is energy efficiency, education and reduction •• Culture; the euro; of poverty. •• Education, vocational training, youth •• Upholding and promoting the and sport; Union’s values in its relations with The ambitions and objectives of the Europe •• Civil protection; the wider world. 2020 Strategy are translated into initiatives •• Common foreign and security policy, focused on a variety of policy areas and including a common defence policy; specific key actions to which many agencies •• Administrative cooperation contribute.

5 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2008:115:0013:0045:en:PDF , consulted on 25 May 2016. 6 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A12012E%2FTXT, consulted on 25 May 2016.

6 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Smart Sustainable Inclusive Growth Growth Growth

Developing an economy based on Promoting a more resource-efficient, Fostering a high-employment economy knowledge and innovation greener and more competitive delivering economic, social and economy territorial cohesion

Smart Growth targets focus on reaching Sustainable Growth addresses the High levels of employment, robust skills, an ambitious economic outcome based challenges inherent to building a resource- a level of poverty as low as possible and on knowledge and innovation. High efficient, sustainable and competitive modern labour and social systems are key performance targets for education, economy. Europe has ambitions to become drivers for social cohesion and enhanced research, innovation, information sharing a leader in the development of new adaptability to change and uncertainty. and communication technologies, as well as processes and technologies – including Overall, they are at the core of Inclusive the assurance that they can be materialised green technologies –and acknowledges Growth. into growth-fostering products and the importance of fostering its advanced services are key to closing the gap with the knowledge of ICT, exploiting EU-scale Inclusive Growth is about ensuring equal EU’s US and Asian competitors. networks, reinforcing the competitive rights and opportunities for all citizens advantage of its businesses and assistance in the labour market, in the context of to consumers. increased competition and an ageing population. It addresses notions of gender This approach strives to meet the equality and more generally of corporate constraints and challenges of a low-carbon, social responsibility within the world of resource-constrained world – while business. preventing environmental degradation, biodiversity loss and unsustainable use of resources. It also fosters economic, social and territorial cohesion.

EU areas of actions EU areas of actions EU areas of actions

7 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

The Juncker Commission Agenda The Juncker Commission Agenda was published in July 2014. It identifies ten key policy areas as part of an agenda for Jobs, Growth, Fairness and Democratic Change.

The European Commission’s priorities

A new boost for jobs, A deeper and fairer 1 growth and investment 4 Internal market with a The objective of this cross-cutting priority is the mobilisation of strengthened industrial base up to €300 billion of public and private investment in the real economy between 2015 and 2017. This constitutes additional funds This priority aims at increasing the weight of industry in the EU to be invested in infrastructure, education, research, innovation GDP to 20% by 2020, thereby ensuring that Europe remains a and energy efficiency. In that respect, the Juncker Commission global leader in strategic sectors with high-value jobs. In order to Agenda feeds into all of the Europe 2020 Strategy areas of action: enable this, the EU should, amongst other things, invest in new innovation, education, training and life-long learning, digital society, technologies, facilitate access to markets and finance, and ensure competitiveness, employment, skills and fighting poverty. that workers have the skills industry needs. This priority also aims at stricter controls on banks within a and at Moreover, these goals correspond to the Europe 2020 Strategy further facilitating the free movement of workers, while combatting objective of investing 3% of the EU GDP in R&D. They are also in tax evasion, tax and . line with the Europe 2020 Strategy targets in terms of encouraging education, boosting employment and fighting poverty. A deeper and fairer A connected Digital 5 Economic and 2 Single Market Monetary Union (EMU) This priority aims at creating a connected Digital Single Market This priority targets the reform of the EMU and the re-balancing which is expected to generate up to €250 billion of additional of the way conditional stability support is granted to growth and hundreds of thousands of jobs throughout the Union Member States in difficulty. In particular, it aims at replacing the up to 2020. Reinforcement of data protection, telecommunication “troika”7 with a more legitimate and accountable structure with and copyright rules are set to increase the use of digital increased parliamentary oversight at EU and national levels. This technologies and online services.. objective also foresees the inclusion of a social impact assessment in any support and reform programme. A resilient Energy Union A reasonable and with a forward-looking 3 balanced free trade climate change policy 6 agreement (FTA) with the US This priority entails increasing the Union’s energy efficiency by pooling resources, combining infrastructures and uniting Member This priority targets the negotiation of a reasonable and balanced States’ negotiating powers vis-à-vis third country suppliers. FTA with the United States, which would benefit the European Development of renewable energy, reducing greenhouse gas economy by creating jobs and growth, while ensuring the emissions and increasing energy efficiency are also included in this protection of Europe’s safety, health, social, cultural diversity and objective. data protection standards.

8 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

EU agencies’ strategic objectives and activities Each of the 44 agencies has a mandate to act in a variety of policy areas, in line with the European An area of Justice Commission’s priorities that are presented above. Most agencies also operate in collaboration with other and Fundamental Rights agencies and the European Commission Directorates- 7 General at a cross-cutting level. based on mutual trust The strategic objectives and key actions of each agency are defined in its founding acts and translated This priority aims at reinforcing the Union as an area of justice and into its annual and multi-annual work programmes. fundamental rights based on shared European values. This involves Their implementation serves the effective and fighting discrimination, strengthening data protection, combating efficient execution of its mission and contributes to cross-border crime and , as well as increasing judicial the realisation of the Juncker Commission priorities, cooperation among Member States. the Europe 2020 strategic actions and ultimately the fundamental objectives of the Lisbon Treaty. Towards a new policy 8 on migration This priority strives to address shortages of specific skills and the demographic challenges of the Union, a strong common asylum policy and a stronger stance on irregular migration and trafficking of human beings. These policies, based on a spirit of solidarity, aim to secure Europe’s borders.

A stronger global 9 actor

This priority aims at asserting Europe’s role on the global stage by integrating some defence capacities within a permanent-structured cooperation and increasing synergies in defence procurement between Member States.

A Union of Democratic 10 change

This priority involves setting up a political rather than technocratic dialogue between the EU institutions, citizens and national parliaments, as well as increasing transparency in the contact with stakeholders and lobbyists. This Union of Democratic Change also entails a review of the legislation applicable to the authorisation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). This priority is thus cross- cutting and can be considered as a horizontal aim re-enforcing all 7 The troika is a group of international lenders composed of the other priorities. European Commission, the and the International Monetary Fund.

9 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

10 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Connecting the dots: from the EU’s objectives to the EU agencies’ strategic actions

The Europe 2020 Strategy, the Juncker Commission priorities and agencies’ objectives are well aligned. Agencies’ key activities support the EU’s goals enshrined in these agendas. In most cases, the strategic objectives and activities of EU agencies correspond to several Juncker Commission Agenda priorities, EU action areas and growth pillars of the Europe 2020 Strategy, both at the level of the internal market and outside Europe’s frontiers. This is illustrated in the Value Map presented below.

11 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

The EU Value Map

Europe 2020 Pillars The Europe 2020 Strategy aims at “smart, sustainable and inclusive growth”. These growth components form the pillars of this Strategy and constitute the top layer of the Value Map.

Level of EU action Within the Union’s internal frontiers, also referred to as the internal or single market, agencies, bodies and offices drive at the achievement of the Treaties’ objectives. In relation to the wider world, also referred to as Europe in the world, agencies, offices and bodies contribute to upholding and promoting European values and interests and to the protection of its citizens.

Areas of EU action Each pillar of the Europe 2020 Strategy is composed of three focus areas of EU action. These are in general interrelated, and most EU agencies, bodies and offices operate in several areas.

Juncker Commission priorities The Juncker Commission Agenda constitutes the policy framework guiding the actions of EU institutions and national governments for the period between 2014 and 2019. While it builds on the Europe 2020 Strategy (which focuses on economic objectives), it also covers a wider scope of policy areas, encompassing a total of ten priority areas.

Strategic objectives and activities of EU agencies The strategic objectives and key actions of each agency are defined in its founding acts and translated into its annual and multi-annual work programmes. In most cases, the strategic objectives and activities of EU agencies connect with several EC priorities, several areas of EU actions and several pillars of the Europe 2020 Strategy, considered both at the level of the internal market and outside Europe’s frontiers. Most agencies also operate in collaboration with other agencies and DGs, with objectives and targets operating at a cross-cutting level.

12 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Smart Growth Sustainable Growth Inclusive Growth

Europe in the world

Single Market

Education, Clean and Training, Digital Competi- Climate Fighting Employ- Innovation Ecient Skills Life-long Society tiveness Change Poverty ment Energy Learning

Jobs, Growth & Investment

Digital Single Market

Energy Union & Climate Change

Internal Market

Economic and Mone- tary Union Balanced EU-US Balanced EU-US FTA FTA

Justice & Fundamental Rights Justice & Fundamental Rights

Migration

A stronger global actor

Democratic change

EU agencies’ strategic objectives are represented in each individual value map in the Annexes

EU agencies’ strategic activities are represented in each individual value map in the Annexes

Figure 1: Value map of the EU

13 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

The EU Value Map links agencies’, bodies’ and offices’ key activities to the Union's strategic objectives for 2020 and to the Juncker Commission priorities.

The Lisbon Treaty sets the foundation for the Member States’ common destiny by defining principles, values and objectives for all the people in the Union. The uncertain and turbulent times the Union has faced since the beginning of the economic and financial crisis has led the European Commission to elaborate on the short- and long-term priorities that guide the strategic and tactical objectives and actions of the EU Institutions. These constitute the framework, from the top level of the Europe 2020 Strategy pillars down to the strategic activities implemented by the EU agencies, bodies and offices, enabling the reflection on how those bring value to the peoples and citizens of Europe.

14 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Contribution of EU agencies: What’s in it for citizens?

By contributing to the achievement of the Europe 2020 Strategy and the Juncker Commission Agenda’s priorities, EU agencies deliver tangible benefits to European citizens. In order to contribute optimally to the achievement of these priorities, agencies interact actively with each other. For this report, the correspondence between EU agencies’ primary missions and objectives with five contribution themes are presented. This facilitates the analysis of the agencies’ contribution according to themes covering different aspects of citizens’ everyday lives.

The five contribution themes Figure 2: Grouping by contribution themes Figure 2 schematically depicts the five main groups of EU agencies by contribution theme defined in this report, namely “Fostering Citizens’ Well-Being”, “Supporting EU Businesses and Innovation”, “Supervising Financial Systems”, “Ensuring roiding Ensuring an Area o reedom an Area of Freedom, Security and Justice”, Security and Security and Justice eence Frontex, eu-LISA, EASO, EIGE, and “Providing Security and Defence”. Two EDA, EASA, EMCDDA, CEPOL, Europol, FRA, main themes are subdivided into different EUISS, GSA, Eurojust thematic sub-groups – i.e. “Fostering SatCen Citizens’ Well-Being” in ‘Citizens' Protection’ and ‘Education and Skills’; and “Supporting EU Businesses and Innovation” in ‘Digital Connectivity’, ‘Energy’, ‘Innovation’ and Contribution Superising themes inancia ‘Transport’. Systems ostering Citiens EBA, EIOPA, eeing ESMA, SRB CdT, Cedefop, ECDC, ECHA, EEA, EFCA, EFSA, EMA, ETF, Eurofound, EU-OSHA Supporting EU usinesses and nnoation ACER, BBI JU, BEREC Office, 2 subgroups Clean Sky JU, Cedefop, Citiens rotection CPVO, EASA, EIT, EMSA, CdT, Cedefop, ECDC, ENISA, ERA, ETF, EUIPO, ECHA, EEA, EFCA, EFSA, FCH JU, F4E, GSA, IMI JU, SESAR JU, EMA, Eurofound, EU-OSHA S2R JU Education and Skis Cedefop, ETF subgroups igita Connectiity BEREC Office, ENISA, GSA Energy ACER, BBI JU, FCH JU, F4E nnoation BBI JU, Cedefop, Clean Sky JU, CVPO, EIT, EUIPO, ETF, FCH JU, F4E, GSA, IMI JU, SESAR JU, S2R JU ransport Clean Sky JU, EASA, EMSA, ERA, FCH JU, GSA, SESAR JU, S2R JU

15 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

The contribution themes in a nutshell The contribution themes were defined in Ensuring Supervising line with the different objectives stated in Article 3 of the Treaty on the European an Area of Financial Union, which form the agencies’ raison Freedom, Systems d’être (see the chapter: “The Europe 2020 Strategy and the Juncker Commission Security and Justice Agenda”). Moreover, other factors were The supervision of financial taken into account, such as the existence The EU Justice and Home Affairs systems enhances the protection of official networks of other forms of Agencies Network (composed of of consumers of financial products collaboration between agencies (e.g. the Frontex, eu-LISA, EASO, EIGE, and services. This is particularly Justice and Home Affairs Agencies Network, EMCDDA, CEPOL, Europol, FRA and important for the functioning of the the European Supervisory Authorities), Eurojust) helps build and sustain an internal market and in an economic the types of agencies (e.g. public-private area of freedom, security and justice and monetary union that shares a partnerships, agencies under the Common where free movement of people is currency, the euro. Security and Defence Policy), as well as guaranteed. the current state of cooperation between EU agencies operating in this theme agencies. It is also important to note that These agencies contribute to – EBA, EIOPA, ESMA and the SRB agencies were allocated to a contribution increasing judicial and police – work towards ensuring that the theme based on their primary mission and cooperation in Europe, raising money consumers place or invest objectives with the purpose of facilitating awareness on gender equality and in financial products (e.g. bank the presentation of their contribution the respect of fundamental rights, accounts, pension funds, bonds, towards the Europe 2020 Strategy and the the fight against serious cross-border mortgages, etc.) is safe and that Juncker Commission Agenda. crime and terrorism, and better taxpayers will not bear the costs of cooperation on external border any future financial crisis. These contribution themes are used to management, migration and asylum. structure the next sections presenting the contribution of EU agencies to the Europe 2020 Strategy and the Juncker Commission Agenda. Providing Security and Defence

The Union strives to guarantee the The four Security and Defence security of EU citizens and to promote agencies, EDA, EASA, GSA, peace within and beyond its borders. EUISS and SatCen support the EU’s The Juncker Commission Agenda also external policy in achieving these goals aims to increase the cooperation in order to increase prosperity and between Member States in the field of safeguard democracy in the Union and security and defence. abroad.

16 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Supporting EU Businesses and Innovation

An efficient and sustainable internal market is energy, competitiveness within the paramount to growth, employment, competition, European energy sector and limited quality of the environment and scientific progress polluting emissions for a cleaner environment. in Europe. Its achievement entails addressing challenges in four areas in particular: digital Innovation connectivity, energy, innovation and transport. BBI JU, Cedefop, Clean Sky 2 JU, CPVO, the EIT, ETF, EUIPO, FCH JU, F4E, GSA, IMI 2 JU, Digital connectivity SESAR JU and S2R JU contribute to creating BEREC Office, ENISA and GSA contribute to an environment conducive to innovation and creating a connected Digital Single Market by investment in Europe. Their activities include helping establish efficient telecommunications developing skills, setting up collaborative networks and services for European citizens and research projects, facilitating the market entry of businesses. innovative products and services and protecting intellectual property rights. Energy ACER, BBI JU, the EIT, FCH JU and F4E Transport participate in ensuring safe, affordable and Clean Sky 2 JU, EASA, EMSA, ERA, FCH JU, environmentally friendly energy for all European GSA, SESAR JU, S2R JU are working towards citizens. They strive to offer EU citizens and harmonising and improving transport systems in companies fair energy prices, the choice Europe in order to make travelling safer, cheaper between energy providers, continued supply of and more efficient for all Europeans. affordable energy, sustainable, cleaner sources of

Fostering Citizens’ Well-Being

EU agencies contribute to promoting the well-being of citizens at two levels:

Citizens' protection European consumers, patients and workers CdT, ECDC, ECHA, EEA, EFCA, EFSA, EMA, through safe medicines, chemicals, products, EU-OSHA and Eurofound aim to improve food. the protection of citizens in all their social and economic activities, within a sustainable and Education and Skills healthy environment. Cedefop and ETF promote the development of skills and education in all Member States, in They provide scientific advice and support particular to match the evolving needs of the policy-makers to ensure the protection of labour market.

17

Contribution theme 1 Ensuring an Area of Freedom, Security and Justice

Within this contribution theme, EU agencies contribute to more judicial and police cooperation in Europe, an increased awareness of gender equality, more attention to respecting everyone’s fundamental rights, the fight against serious cross-border crime and terrorism, more cooperation regarding external border management, migration and asylum.

European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) Agency for the operational management of large-scale IT systems in the area of freedom, security and justice (eu-LISA) European Asylum Support Office(EASO) European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) European Agency for Law Enforcement Training (CEPOL) European Police Office(Europol) EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) EU’s Judicial Cooperation Unit (Eurojust) How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Ensuring an Area of Freedom, Security and Justice

Ensuring the free movement of people within the , guaranteeing a high level of security to Working for citizens within that area by enhancing police and judicial citizens cooperation, managing external borders, migration flows For the citizens, ensuring an area and asylum, and promoting fundamental rights. of freedom, security and justice means:

Agencies contribute to the implementation of EU policies in Free movement of people within the Schengen area the field of border management, justice, fundamental rights, Enhanced border management migration, asylum and the fight against serious and organised at EU external borders crime. As such, they take up important roles in promoting internal Equal treatment of men and security, fundamental rights and gender equality. Touching women all facets of the EU’s priorities related to the area of freedom, Promotion of the fundamental security and justice, they contribute to the achievement of rights of all people living and travelling in the EU Inclusive Growth in Europe. The nine Justice And Home Affairs (JHA) agencies have been operating as a network since 2006. The Fighting against serious cross- border crime and terrorism network facilitates bi- and multilateral cooperation, and allows Suppression of violence against the exploitation of synergies in the execution of strategic and women and children operational activities, training and the management of external Protection of people in need relations. The agencies concerned are Frontex, eu-LISA, EASO, and vulnerable groups, including migrants EIGE, EMCDDA, CEPOL, Europol, FRA and Eurojust. Enhanced coordination to secure the EU’s external borders

20 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Background Kingdom and Ireland, whereas Bulgaria, as democracy, freedom, tolerance, the rule , Cyprus and Romania are candidate of law – that are key to citizens’ everyday countries. lives. The EU offers its citizens an area of freedom, security and justice, Article 3(2) TEU states that “the Union Fundamental rights which constitutes one of the shall offer its citizens an area of freedom, FRA issues opinions and formulates advice fundamental objectives of the security and justice without internal in the domain of fundamental rights for Union as put forward in the Lisbon frontiers, in which the free movement policy-making and legislative processes. Treaty. However, the elimination of persons is ensured in conjunction It does this through the collection and of internal border controls is with appropriate measures with respect analysis of data – ranging from legal accompanied by compensatory to external border controls, asylum, analysis through to social statistics. This measures to ensure the security of immigration and the prevention and includes the creation of large-scale survey all citizens. combating of crime”. data on different groups in the population and pressing fundamental rights issues as The idea of more cooperation in the Moreover, the EU Charter of Fundamental they relate to EU policies. The purpose is area of justice and home affairs dates Rights is legally binding on the EU. This to ensure that the fundamental rights of back to the 1970s with the first move Charter is a single document that defines all people living in the European Union are towards more police cooperation to fight the personal, civil, political, economic and protected, respected and fulfilled. terrorism. The 1980s witnessed the start social rights of EU citizens. of the dismantling of the internal borders between five EU Member States with the Agencies’ contribution to the area of In 2015, FRA carried out signing of the Schengen Agreement in Justice and Fundamental Rights the second EU-wide 1985. Since its foundation, the ‘Schengen Area’ has gradually been expanded and survey of experiences Agencies contribute to the area currently covers 26 states, four of which of justice and fundamental rights of discrimination and are not part of the EU. Within the Schengen in multiple ways. FRA provides area, people can move freely across victimisation of immigrants evidence and raises awareness internal borders without border control. on the situation of fundamental and ethnic minorities (EU- However, the removal of these controls rights in the EU, and offers access requires the adoption of other provisions MIDIS II): about 25,000 to effective remedies where rights to ensure and maintain security within are violated; EIGE focuses more people from immigrant the area. External borders need to be in particular on equality between managed. This includes policies on border and ethnic minority groups men and women in political checks, asylum and immigration, and and economic life. Eurojust, participated. judicial and police cooperation that need Europol and CEPOL work towards to apply to the 44,000 km of external sea enhancing judicial and police borders and the almost 9,000 km of land The promotion of fundamental rights cooperation, hence contributing to borders along which the Schengen area underpin many aspects of the Single security in Europe. currently extends. Market and Europe 2020, and hence support Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive The area of freedom, security and justice Fundamental rights are an important value Growth respecting fundamental rights. was incorporated into the European of the EU. It is all about safeguarding the Treaties as of 1993, with the Maastricht minimum requirements that need to be EIGE focuses on gender equality, gender Treaty. Since 2007, it is part of the European respected so that every person can be mainstreaming and raises citizens’ Union, together with the Schengen treated with dignity. Justice, gender and awareness on gender equality issues. acquis. It allows an ‘opt out’ for the United consumer equality include principles – such Gender mainstreaming refers to the

21 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

incorporation of gender considerations centres enable real-time exchange of EMCDDA works together with Europol, into all policy-making processes. The information and simultaneous execution Eurojust and CEPOL on the specific issues participation of women in economic and of investigative measures. Eurojust of drug trafficking. political life is of paramount importance offers legal expertise to Member States’ to meet the Europe 2020 Strategy’s competent national authorities through The agencies working in the field of employment targets, hence fighting facilitating the application of EU legal migration and asylum, such as EASO, poverty and bringing economic growth. instruments. Examples include the also contribute to the fundamental rights FRA and EIGE work together on the topic , the European theme by helping EU Member States to of the eradication of violence against Investigation Order, and joint investigation fulfil their international obligations in women. They also collaborate in this teams. this respect. Moreover, EASO supports respect with other agencies such as cooperation among Member States on Eurofound and EU-OSHA. Europol also contributes to combating matters related to vulnerable applicants, serious cross-border crime and terrorism. such as children and unaccompanied It functions as a support centre for minors, “victims of torture and other EIGE’s Gender Equality Member States’ law enforcement cruel and inhuman treatment, persons Index 2015 shows a slight authorities, and as a criminal information at risk because of their gender, gender hub by exchanging and analysing criminal identity or sexual orientation and any advance in gender equality intelligence. The agency focuses on other groups of applicants with special between 2005 and 2012: terrorism and online radicalisation, needs”8 . This aim is also followed by , migrant smuggling, trafficking Frontex. In its daily activities, it provides the score for the 28 EU in human beings, illicit drugs, mobile assistance to vulnerable groups. The Member States rose from organised groups, cigarette smuggling, agency identifies vulnerable groups in the intellectual property crime, VAT fraud and mixed migratory flows passing the external 51.2 in 2005 to 52.9 (out money laundering. border and rescues them when in distress of 100) in 2012, showing at sea. Frontex organises dedicated joint These matters are also supported operations and provides training to border that the EU remains only indirectly by CEPOL that provides training guards on identifying people in need of halfway towards gender to law enforcement officers in order to protection and the fight against trafficking enhance police cooperation in Europe. in human beings. equality.

Justice and the fight against cross- A total of 98 Joint Actions were coordinated by Europol border crime in 2015. The biggest coordination effort targeted Illegal In the field of justice,Eurojust strives to strengthen judicial cooperation and Immigration, Trafficking in Human Beings, Drugs and coordination to fight serious cross- Organised Property Crime and resulted in successful border crime and terrorism. Eurojust supports the coordination of cross-border operational outcomes, such as nearly 900 arrests, the investigations and prosecutions, and seizure of 7.7 tons of drugs, 1,400 tons of stolen metal, ensures the gathering of evidence for court proceedings. Eurojust’s coordination 190 tons of counterfeit pesticides, €136k in cash and the meetings bring together judicial and law confiscation of 254 vehicles. enforcement authorities from Member States and third States to resolve legal and practical difficulties resulting from the 30 existing different legal frameworks of the EU and beyond. Its coordination

22 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Agencies’ Contribution to a new policy Frontex works towards more coordination In 2015, Frontex on migration between EU Member States and Schengen Associated Countries10 in order to establish contributed to the rescue common rules, standards and procedures EASO, Frontex, eu-LISA, Eurojust of more than 250,000 for external border control. The agency and Europol help to ensure the provides technical and operational people at sea. It deployed free movement of people within assistance to Member States through joint the Schengen area. The focus is 15 vessels along with operations and rapid border interventions, on enhancing coordination of and ensures the practical execution of several helicopters and external border management, measures in a situation requiring urgent dealing with migration flows and planes in Italy, and 17 action at the external borders. Frontex promoting the common asylum deploys technical equipment and border vessels along with aerial system. guards from Member States to patrol, means in Greece. carries out border checks and collects data Many agencies contribute to migration on cross-border crime. and asylum priorities. They help Member investigations, prosecutions and on-the- States and third countries cater for asylum Frontex also provides technical and spot operations to disrupt the activities of seekers and refugees, often in emergency operational assistance in the support criminal networks in relation to trafficking of situations, in the framework of a Common of search and rescue operations for human beings, as well as to combat illegal European Asylum System (CEAS). Moreover, persons in distress at sea. The agency also immigration. CEPOL organises training for some of these agencies work on securing organises, coordinates and conducts the law enforcement officers on these topics to Europe’s borders, combatting serious and return operations of third-country nationals increase cooperation and enhance policing organised crime and facilitating migration who have received a legal decision to leave in Europe. FRA promotes fundamental and asylum flows and processes. EU territory. It carries out risk analyses and rights in various aspects of border monitors the situation at external borders management and asylum. EASO works towards the coherent in order to identify potential threats, risks implementation of the Common European and vulnerabilities. It organises training eu-LISA ensures the 24/7/365 Asylum System, with the objective of to enhance the harmonisation of border functioning of the European Union’s (EU) ensuring that the EU functions as a single control goals, methods, standards and largest IT systems and their respective area as far as asylum is concerned, by terminology. communication infrastructures in the area adopting common practices and processes. of freedom, security and justice: Eurodac, As such, similar cases are treated in a Through their activities to combat serious SIS II and VIS. With information technology, similar way and result in a similar outcome cross-border crime and terrorism, Europol eu-LISA safeguards the EU’s internal in all EU member states. and Eurojust also work in the field of security and supports the implementation migration and asylum. The European of asylum, migration and border In order to fulfil its mission,EASO provides Migrant Smuggling Centre at Europol management policies. training to asylum and reception officers; provides, among others, on-the spot special and emergency support to EU+ analytical and investigation support to countries9 with specific needs or whose disrupt the activities of criminal networks in asylum and reception systems are under relation to migrant smuggling and trafficking particular pressure; and last but not least in human beings. Additionally, Europol information on the flows of asylum seekers can deploy, upon request, guest officers and Member States’ capacity to respond to from Member States to perform secondary them. security checks. Eurojust supports

8 EASO Work Programme 2016 – Rev. 2, p. 25. 9 European Union Member States plus and Norway. 10 Iceland, Norway and Switzerland.

23 eu-LISA manages the central systems of three large scale IT systems: •• Eurodac European ‘Hotspots’ The European Asylum Dactyloscopy (fingerprint) database, Eurodac, helps Member States and Associated The ‘Hotspot approach’ was presented by the European Commission in May 2015 Countries11 to manage asylum in its European Agenda on Migration. The objective is to help Member States that applications. It is a European database face exceptional migratory pressure at the EU’s external borders. that stores and processes the digitalised fingerprints of asylum seekers and Since May 2015, the Hotspot approach has been implemented in different places irregular migrants who have entered a in Italy and in Greece. It is the result of the close collaboration between four EU European country. This helps determine Agencies: EASO, Frontex, Europol and Eurojust. The agencies provide the the Member State responsible for authorities of the concerned Member States with on-the-spot support to identify, examining an asylum application. register and fingerprint incoming asylum seekers. In addition,FRA has - with the •• Schengen Information System II (SIS II) support of the Commission - been engaged in the hotspots to assist with the The second-generation Schengen identification of fundamental rights compliance needs. Information System is a large-scale IT system that supports the exchange EASO helps teams support the provision of information, registration, of information on people and objects identification and referral of asylum seekers, whereasFrontex is in charge of between national police, border control, coordinating the return operations of migrants whose asylum application was customs, visa, migration and vehicle refused, irregular migrants or persons with no right to remain in the EU. registration and judicial authorities. Moreover, Frontex deployed experts and technical resources from other Since people and goods can move Member States within joint maritime operations who have contributed to sea throughout the Schengen Area without border surveillance, search and rescue of persons in distress, land coastal being checked at internal borders, SIS II patrolling, screening, identification and registration of persons, etc.EASO is also is a tool used to ensure internal security supporting the implementation of relocation of applicants for international in Europe. protection from Greece and Italy. In Greece, EASO has been supporting the •• Visa Information System (VIS) admissibility procedure and more recently eligibility within the context of the VIS supports the implementation of the EU-Turkey Statement. EU’s common visa policy and facilitates border checks. The system enables Europol and Eurojust provide the Member States with analytical and dedicated national authorities and investigation support to dismantle smuggling and trafficking in human beings Europol to enter and consult data, networks. Europol can deploy guest officers from other Member States to including biometrics, for short-stay visa perform secondary security checks. National prosecutors have been appointed requests to access the Schengen Area. as Eurojust’s contact points to support the hotspot locations and to channel relevant information and cases to Eurojust’s national desks for judicial follow-up and coordination at EU level.

Moreover, eu-LISA supports the activities of Member States working within the Hotspots by providing large-scale IT systems and databases, such as Eurodac, the fingerprint database used for processing asylum applications and determining the country responsible for handling the application.

11 Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland

24 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

On 15 December 2015, Agencies’ Contribution to a safer and In 2015, 98 new healthier Internal Market eu-LISA’s Visa Information psychoactive substances

System (VIS) processed Within the Justice and Home (NPS) were reported its 20,000,000th visa Affairs Network, a special focus is for the first time within given to drugs and drug addiction application. The fee of through the work of the EMCDDA, Europe. This brings the these applications amount which contributes to citizens’ total number of NPS safety and health. to around €1.0 billion in monitored by the EMCDDA non-fiscal revenues for The ’s purpose is to support to more than 560, and Member States since sound decisions and actions at EU more than half of these and national level by providing factual, operations began on 11 objective, reliable and comparable were reported in the last October 2011. information concerning drugs and drug three years alone. addiction and their consequences. In this way, it aims to contribute to a more The agencies work together on migration, secure and healthier Europe. Independent, asylum and border management priorities science-based information is a vital to increase the efficiency of their actions resource to help Europe understand the and exploit synergies. For example, they nature of its drug problems and better collaborate on specific issues, such as respond to them. The EMCDDA not only support to vulnerable groups of migrants. offers policymakers the data they need FRA also provides key research evidence for drawing up informed drug laws and and input to the work of these Agencies strategies. It also helps professionals and with respect to the fundamental rights practitioners working in the field pinpoint of asylum seekers and migrants, in best practice and new areas of research. particular as regards vulnerable groups such as children, women and persons with The EMCDDA works together with disabilities – for example, by providing Europol, Eurojust and CEPOL on drug targeted input to training material as well trafficking issues. One of the agency’s key as direct training, and through research tasks is to detect new drugs appearing collaboration. Together, these Agencies on the European market that could also organise specific actions, such as the pose health risks to European citizens. ‘Hotspot’ approach in which EASO, Frontex, In cooperation with Europol, EMA (the Europol and Eurojust participate European Medicines Agency), the European Commission and EU Member States, Freedom, Security and Justice Agencies it carries out early-warning and risk- also collaborate with other agencies, assessment activities that may pave the including SatCen, which provides satellite way for legal controls. images for border surveillance, and EMSA and EFCA as far as maritime surveillance is concerned.

25 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Please refer to the Annexes for more information on each agency’s individual contribution and actions towards Europe 2020 objectives and Juncker Commission priorities.

Sources •• DG Migration and Home Affairs, •• EIGE Consolidated Annual Activity Report The Hotspot approach to managing 2015 exceptional migratory flows, http:// •• External Evaluation of the European ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we- Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE/2014/ do/policies/european-agenda-migration/ OPER/01) background-information/docs/2_ •• EMC DDA General Report of Activities hotspots_en.pdf, consulted on 29 August 2015 2016. •• EMC DDA Strategy and work programme •• EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, http:// 2016-2018 – Annual work programme ec.europa.eu/justice/fundamental-rights/ 2016 charter/index_en.htm, consulted on 26 •• eu- LISA Strategy 2014-2020 August 2016. •• eu- LISA Annual Work Programme 2016 •• Justice and home affairs, https://europa. •• eu- LISA Consolidated Annual Activity eu/european-union/topics/justice-home- Report 2015 affairs_en, consulted on 26 August 2016. •• Eur ojust Multi-Annual Strategy 2016- •• An area of freedom, security and 2018 justice: general aspects, www.europarl. •• Eur ojust Annual Report 2015 europa.eu/atyourservice/en/displayFtu. •• Eur ojust Annual Work Programme 2016 html?ftuId=FTU_5.12.1.html, consulted on •• Eur ojust’s website, www.eurojust. 26 August 2016. europa.eu, consulted on 22 September •• CEPOL Work Programme 2016 2016. •• CEPOL Annual Report 2015 •• Europ ol Strategy 2016-2020 •• CEPOL Single Programming Document – •• Europ ol’s website Years 2017-2019 •• Europ ol Consolidated Annual Activity •• Communication from the Commission Report 2015 to the European parliament, The •• Europ ol Review 2015 – General report on Council, the European Economic and Europol activities Social Committee and the Committee •• FRA Strategic Plan 2013 – 2017 of the Regions “Establishing a European •• Presentation of Fundamental Rights Law Enforcement Training Scheme”, Report 2016 by Chairperson of COM(2013) 172 final, , 27.03.2013 Management Board, http://fra.europa. •• EAS O Work Programme 2006, Rev. 2 eu/en/speech/2016/presentation- •• EAS O Work Programme 2006, Rev. 3 fundamental-rights-report-2016- •• Five Years of EASO: results and chairperson-management-board, perspectives consulted on 28 June 2016 •• EAS O Multi-Annual Work Programme •• FRA Annual work programme 2016, 2014-2016 http://fra.europa.eu/en/about-fra/ •• EIGE 2016-1018 Single Programming what-we-do/annual-work-programme, Document consulted on 28 June 2016 •• Front ex General Report 2015 •• Front ex at a glance •• Front ex’ Single Programming Document 2016-2019

26 Contribution theme 2 Supervising Financial Systems

The agencies working in the field of supervising financial systems contribute to enhancing the protection of consumers of financial products and services. Within this contribution theme, EU agencies work towards ensuring that the money consumers place or invest in financial products (e.g. bank accounts, pension funds, bonds, mortgages, etc.) is safe and that taxpayers will not bear the cost of any future financial crisis.

European Banking Authority (EBA) European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) European Securities and Markets Authorities (ESMA) Single Resolution Board (SRB) How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Supervising Financial Systems

Strengthening consumers’ protection through more integrated European supervision and the regulation of financial systems

The agencies’ actions support the efficient functioning of the Single Market and a deeper Economic and Monetary Union, which will boost competitiveness in Europe (and within the euro area). EBA, EIOPA, ESMA and the SRB contribute to the Sustainable Growth objectives of the Europe 2020 strategy.

Working for citizens

The agencies dedicated to the supervision of financial systems work towards ensuring that the money consumers place or invest in financial products (e.g. bank accounts, insurance, pension funds, bonds, mortgages, etc.) is safe and that taxpayers will not have to bear the costs of a financial crisis. For the citizens this means:

Fairer, more transparent and more understandable Safe financial products to invest in information on financial products and services More funding sources possibilities for projects that Informed choice of financial products based on the will create jobs and growth consumer’s risk profile Guaranteed insurance even in the case of insolvent Enhanced protection for the consumption of financial banking institutions products and services (mortgages, loans, deposits, bank accounts, payments, electronic money, Protection from bearing the costs of failing banks insurance, pensions, etc.) More stable and reliable financial systems European cross-border payments that are as easy as Same level of consumer protection across the Union national payments

28 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Background

market. Restoring and maintaining a stable comprises the European Central Bank Learning from the experience of and reliable financial system is therefore (ECB), the national central banks, the ESAs the financial and economic crisis a necessary condition for rebuilding and and the European Commission. of 2007-2008, the EU set a priority preserving trust in the internal market, to reinforce the supervision of and, in the end, fostering sustainable The ESFS works as an integrated network financial institutions. Financial economic growth through regained market towards the efficient functioning of the institutions include banks, confidence. Single Market, through its actions regarding insurance companies, pension the harmonisation of the regulatory and funds and other financial In this respect, the European Institutions supervisory framework and its equal institutions (such as credit called for a more integrated European and coherent application across Europe. rating agencies). Three agencies supervision of financial markets, to While the day-to-day supervision of the were created to take part in enhance the protection of consumers of financial institutions mainly remains at a this objective. The purpose is to financial products and services and to re- national level, the three ESAs bring EU- prevent another similar crisis and instil trust in the financial system. wide uniformity of rules and harmonise its adverse effects on citizens. supervisory approaches across the EU. The The European Supervisory Authorities ESFS’s purpose is therefore to link national The financial and economic crisis of (ESAs), as part of the European System supervisors within a strong EU network. 2007-2008 revealed shortcomings in of Financial Supervision (ESFS) The ESFS also collaborates with other the supervision of financial services The European System of Financial financial supervisory networks, such as the institutions. Supervision was performed Supervision (ESFS) was established with Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM). by national authorities. This national the purpose of ensuring consistent and approach to supervision did not reflect coherent micro- and macro-prudential the reality of financial globalisation and financial supervision12 in the EU. In 2015 EIOPA worked interconnected European financial markets, on the finalisation of the where many institutions carry out cross- The micro-prudential supervision is carried border operations. The crisis emphasised out by: Insurance Single Rulebook, the weaknesses of the model, such as the • The three European Supervisory producing the 2nd set lack of cooperation, coordination and trust Authorities (ESAs) founded in 2011, i.e. between national supervisors, and the the EBA, EIOPA and ESMA; of Solvency II technical inconsistent application of EU law across • The Joint Committee of the ESAs; standards and guidelines. Member States. • The National Competent Authorities (NCAs). Moreover, the financial and economic crisis put the stability of the financial system The macro-prudential oversight is under severe strain and posed serious conducted at EU level by the European risks to the functioning of the internal Systemic Risk Board (ESRB) which

12 The micro-prudential supervision is the supervision of individual institutions, while the macro-prudential supervision focuses on system-wide risks to financial stability.

29 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

The EBA established a Single Rulebook for banking, including 117 technical standards and 46 guidelines.

Consumer The ESAs’ contribution to an efficient Their main activities can be categorised protection: functioning of the Single Market into four themes.

Information for A. Regulatory work. The ESAs contribute One of the main purposes of the investors across the to the achievement of an effective three agencies is to protect the European level playing field in each of citizen when he/she consumes financial sector their respective areas of responsibility – financial services and products i.e. banking, securities and markets, and (e.g. by taking out a loan or a The Regulation on Key Information insurances and occupational pensions – by mortgage, taking out an insurance Documents for Packaged Retail and elaborating a single rulebook applicable policy, depositing money in a Insurance-Based Investment to all financial institutions in the internal bank account, buying shares and Products (PRIIPS) adopted in 2014 market. They develop technical standards bonds or transferring money). introduced the new Key Information and guidelines that need to be applied These agencies strive to ensure Document (KID). The KID is a simple, in a coherent manner in the Member that consumers buy financial standardised document which is States and by this means, lay the basis for services and products according designed to present the main supervision. They also provide technical to their risk profile and that features of an investment product advice and opinions to the EU Institutions unfair products and services in a consumer-friendly manner, in the area of their competence. are prohibited. Moreover, they allowing consumers across the EU want to make sure that financial to compare investment-linked B. Supervisory convergence. The institutions are capable of insurance policies, investment ESAs promote supervisory convergence respecting their contractual funds and investment products. across the Member States and coordinate commitments and do not become international supervision of cross- insolvent. In this respect, the EBA, EIOPA and ESMA have jointly border groups. This creates a common agencies enhance consumer produced a number of technical supervisory culture that benefits the protection by the early detection standards specifying the exact economy. They ensure high quality, of consumer detriment, develop contents of the KID: it must outline effective and consistent supervision of sound regulation, ensure its the product’s aims, how risky it is, financial institutions. They also prevent common application across when investors can get their money regulatory arbitrage, a practice in which Europe, and promote prudent back, how much it costs and its financial institutions might seek to avoid common supervisory practices. expected returns. All of this unfavourable regulation by geographic information must be set out in a relocation. standard way, regardless of the type of investment product. The Through their contribution to the integrity C. Risk assessment. The ESAs monitor main objective of KID is to enhance and stability of the financial system, the and assess market developments in their consumer protection and trust in transparency of markets and financial area of responsibility in order to identify the financial markets, which in products and the protection of consumers, micro-prudential trends and potential risks return could contribute to growth the three European Supervisory and vulnerabilities. They may (temporarily) and investment in Europe. Authorities act towards the improvement prohibit or restrict financial products or of the functioning of the internal market. activities that could jeopardise the orderly

30 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

functioning of the financial markets as well financial conglomerates. It also contributes “The Banking Union is as the integrity and stability of the financial to the exchange of information with the system. ESRB, which carries out macro-prudential a way to better protect oversight, and to the development of the taxpayers from the cost of D. Consumer Protection. Through relationships between the ESAs and the their activities in the field of regulation, ESRB. bank rescues.”13 supervisory convergence and risk analysis, the ESAs promote transparency, simplicity Agencies’ contribution to the Five Presidents’ Report and fairness of financial products and completion of the Financial Union and services in the internal market. This to a deeper Economic and Monetary protects the consumers of these products Union (which in turn will promote The so-called “Five Presidents’ Report”14 and services, be it depositors, investors, competitiveness) presents a roadmap towards the policyholders or pension scheme members completion of the Economic and Monetary and beneficiaries. Union (EMU) in order to create a better and On top of the measures that have fairer life for citizens as well as increase been discussed, two additional competitiveness in the euro area. It lays actions have been taken. The In 2015 ESMA took a process in two consecutive stages that Banking Union is being created enforcement action implies progress in the fields of Economic, as an additional step in the Financial, Fiscal and Political Unions. against 1 Credit Rating protection of citizens. One of the purposes of this Union is to ensure Agency (CRA) in respect of A deeper EMU goes hand in hand with the that banks are robust and that completion of the Financial Union: they are customers will not pay the cost of a number of infringements complementary and mutually reinforcing. failing banks. of the requirements As demonstrated during the financial and economic crisis, if no single financial system Second, the Capital Markets union of the CRA Regulation exists, the monetary policies are not is to be created to strengthen regarding governance and applied uniformly across Member States. the free movement of capital. The Capital Markets Union compliance. As such, the completion of the Financial would enable citizens who want Union not only helps to deepen the EMU to develop and invest to access In order to carry out these four core tasks but also supports the completion of the funding from other sources than and ensure consistency in their approach, internal market for financial services. It the traditional banking sector, EBA, EIOPA and ESMA cooperate comprises two main components in which hence fostering the creation of and coordinate their efforts under the financial services agencies participate. jobs and growth. coordination of a Joint Committee. The Joint Committee of the ESAs conducts cross- 1. Completing the Banking Union The Banking Union and the Capital sectoral risk assessment and proceeds The Banking Union aims to further integrate Markets Union are planned to with joint regulatory work, for example the controls on banks on top of what has further evolve in the coming years. in the field of anti-money laundering or already been put in place through the ESFS.

13 Five Presidents' Report, p.11. 14 Completing Europe’s Economic and Monetary Union, Jean-Claude Junker, Donald Tusk, Jeroen Dijsselbloem, Mario Draghi and Martin Schulz, http://ec.europa.eu/priorities/economic-monetary-union/docs/5-presidents-report_en.pdf, consulted on 27 June 2016.

31 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

It comprises three elements. complement the traditional bank financing by better connecting investment projects •• The Single Supervisory Mechanism to capital. By deepening the integration (SSM) ensures the coherent and of capital markets, it will also reinforce consistent supervision of credit cross-border risk-sharing, hence improving institutions under the responsibility of the capacity of the financial system to the ECB. The EBA collaborates with the absorb shocks. The CMU will also reduce SSM mainly by providing tools to enhance the cost of capital, hence increasing the regulatory and supervisory convergence competitiveness in the euro area. and ensure consistent supervisory practices, comparable supervisory ESMA’s main objectives of enhancing outcomes and compliance with EU rules. investor protection and promoting •• The Single Resolution Mechanism stable and orderly financial markets are (SRM) establishes and enforces an in line with the CMU’s goals. Through effective resolution regime and thus its four core activities, i.e. completing a helps avoid further bank bailouts at the single rulebook, promoting supervisory taxpayers’ expense. The SRB is at the convergence, assessing risk and conducting centre of the SRM, as a planning and direct supervision, the ESMA has already decision-making body, and manages implemented actions that underpin the the Single Resolution Fund (SRF), a fund CMU and is ready to further collaborate financed by the banking sector which in that direction. EIOPA’s work regarding could be used as a last resort when a the development of a Standardised Pan- credit institution is being restructured. European Personal Pension Product would •• The European Deposit Insurance also contribute to the establishment of Scheme (EDIS), still at the conceptual the CMU, by attracting more retirement stage, could increase resilience in case of saving that would increase the provision of future crises. The SRB is closely involved long-term capital. Moreover, the tools and in the technical and political discussions activities deployed by EIOPA to build and on its conception. facilitate a common supervisory culture and enhance supervisory convergence in The EBA has been collaborating with the the field of insurances and occupational SRB since its start in order to provide its pensions also support this strategic experience of resolution planning in the EU. objective of building a CMU through the achievement of better protection of the 2. Establishing the Capital Markets policyholders. Union The Capital Markets Union (CMU) will Please refer to the Annexes for more deepen the internal market by developing information on each agency’s individual the free movement of capital but will contribution and actions towards Europe also benefit the euro area. It will ensure 2020 objectives and Juncker Commission a greater diversity of financing and priorities.

32 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Sources •• The European Banking Authority at a glance •• The EBA 2016-2018 Multi-Annual Work Programme •• The EBA 2016 Annual Work Programme (revised) •• EBA Annual Report 2015 •• Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 establishing a European Supervisory Authority (European Banking Authority), amending Decision No716/2009/EC and repealing Commission Decision 2009/78/EC •• EIOPA Annual Report 2015 •• EIOPA Annual Work Programme 2016 •• EIOPA Single Programming Document 2017-2019 •• EIOPA Multi-Annual Work Programme 2015-2017 •• Regulation (EU) No 1094/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 establishing a European Supervisory Authority (European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority), amending Decision No 716/2009/EC and repealing Commission Decision 2009/79/EC •• ESMA Strategic Orientation 2016-2020 •• ESMA Annual Work Programme 2016 •• ESMA Annual Report 2015 •• Regulation (EU) No 1995/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 establishing a European Supervisory Authority (European Securities and Markets Authority), amending Decision No 716/2009/EC and repealing Commission Decision 2009/77/EC •• SRB Work Programme 2016 •• Regulation (EU) No 806/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 July 2014 establishing uniform rules and a uniform procedure for the resolution of credit institutions and certain firms in the framework of a Single Resolution Mechanism and a Single Resolution Fund and amending Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010. •• 2016 Work Programme of the Joint Committee of the European Supervisory Authorities •• Joint Committee of the European Supervisory Authorities’ website, About Us, https:// esas-joint-committee.europa.eu/about-us, consulted on 8 July 2016. •• Completing Europe’s Economic and Monetary Union, Jean-Claude Junker, Donald Tusk, Jeroen Dijsselbloem, Mario Draghi and Martin Schulz, http://ec.europa.eu/priorities/ economic-monetary-union/docs/5-presidents-report_en.pdf, consulted on 27 June 2016. •• Capital Markets Union – Unlocking funding for Europe’s growth, http://ec.europa.eu/ finance/capital-markets-union/index_en.htm, consulted on 8 July 2016. •• ESMA response to the Commission Green Paper on Building a Capital Markets Union, 13 May 2015, https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/library/2015/11/esma-2015- 856_esma_response_to_ec_green_paper_on_cmu.pdf, consulted on 8 July 2016

33 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

34 Contribution theme 3 Supporting EU Businesses and Innovation

Innovation Digital Connectivity The relevant agencies contribute to The agencies dedicated to creating incentives for investment supporting EU businesses and innovation in Europe. Their and innovation through digital activities include developing skills, connectivity contribute to setting up collaborative research completing a connected Digital projects, facilitating the market entry Single Market. of innovative products and services Transport and protecting intellectual property In the field of transport, EU agencies rights. are working towards harmonising Energy and improving transport systems in In the field of energy, EU agencies Europe in order to make travelling participate in ensuring safe, safer, cheaper and more efficient for affordable and environmentally all Europeans. friendly energy for all European citizens. Innovation Bio-based Industries Joint Undertaking (BBI JU) European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop) Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking (Clean Sky 2 JU) Community Plant Variety Office(CPVO) European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) European Training Foundation (ETF) EU Intellectual Property Office(EUIPO) Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU) (F4E) European Global Navigation Satellite Systems Agency (GSA) Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI 2 JU) Air Traffic Management Research Joint Undertaking(SESAR JU) Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking (S2R JU)

Transport Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking (Clean Sky 2 JU) European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) European Union Agency for Railways (ERA) Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU) European Global Navigation Satellite Systems Agency (GSA) Single European Sky Air Traffic Management Research Joint Undertaking(SESAR JU) Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking (S2R JU)

Energy Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) Bio-based Industries Joint Undertaking (BBI JU) European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU) Fusion for Energy (F4E)

Digital Connectivity Office of the Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications(BEREC Office) European Union Agency for Network and Information Security (ENISA) European Global Navigation Satellite Systems Agency (GSA) How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Innovation

Creating an innovation-friendly environment in Europe Working for citizens

Many EU agencies are dedicated to fostering an environment The EU agencies which participate conducive to innovation and growth in Europe. All of them in boosting innovation in Europe by encouraging collaboration of contribute to the Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth the public and private sector on objectives of the Union. They do so by creating incentives ambitious research and innovation projects. for investment and innovation. Activities range from skills development, setting up collaborative research and innovation Ensuring innovative ideas projects, to facilitating the market entry of innovative products quickly turn into new products and services and the protection of intellectual property rights. and services for European citizens The agencies concerned include Cedefop, CPVO, the EIT, the ETF, Protecting the intellectual EUIPO, GSA and joint undertakings (JU) in the fields of bio-based property rights of European industries (BBI JU), air transport (Clean Sky 2 JU), fuel cells and innovators hydrogen (FCH JU), Fusion for Energy (F4E), medicines (IMI 2 JU), Developing skills to create a Single European Sky air traffic management (SESAR JU) and rail new generation of European entrepreneurs (S2R JU).

37 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Background Agencies’ contribution to jobs, growth and investment Innovation is the cornerstone of the European Commission’s EU agencies encourage investment strategy for fostering long-term in innovation and support Tackling the scourge growth, the creation of quality Smart Growth in Europe. Their of antimicrobial jobs in Europe and improving main focus is on developing citizens’ well-being. Innovation has entrepreneurial skills, supporting resistance become a major economic asset research programmes within for countries and their citizens in public-private partnerships (PPP), Antibiotic-resistant bacteria kill the face of global competition and increasing the performance of 25,000 people in the EU every year rapidly changing consumer needs. the European economy thanks to and cost the European economy Barriers to innovation and its new technologies and protecting €1.5 billion. Without new antibiotics, translation into new products and intellectual property rights. In this we risk returning to an era where services need to be removed. way, they contribute to creating doctors are unable to treat many jobs for Europeans. infections. The Innovative Increasingly, the ability to innovate has Medicines Initiative’s €650 million become a main driver for competitiveness. In line with the Europe 2020 objective of New Drugs for Bad Bugs The EU acknowledges the importance Smart Growth, agencies create incentives programme is addressing many of of innovation and promoting scientific for investment in innovation in the Union. the challenges hampering the and technological advances is one of its This involves contributing to improvements development of new antibiotics. fundamental objectives15 . To that end, the at each stage of the innovation process. The COMBACTE project has set up a Europe 2020 Strategy set the objective pan-European network of clinical of investing at least 3% of the European Developing new skills is paramount to trial sites to make it easier to run Union’s GDP in research and development. creating the innovators of tomorrow in clinical trials of new antibiotics. The Europe. network includes almost 800 However, several barriers prevent Europe hospitals in 36 countries, as well as from fully exploiting its potential for For that purpose, Cedefop focuses on over 500 laboratories. A number of innovation: research efforts are spread expanding and raising the skills of the trials of novel antibiotics designed between industry and academia, entry European workforce through vocational to treat some of the toughest costs in nascent industries are sometimes education and training in line with changing infections are now being carried out high and the effectiveness with which research and labour market needs. For through the network. specific skills and market demand are example, to support the green economy matched is often poor. Agencies address requires adapting skills at all levels and these challenges in multiple ways to boost across many sectors. The ETF supports innovation in the Union. the development of similar skills in neighbouring countries.

15 Treaty on European Union, Article 3.3.

38 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

The EIT works towards integrating It is important to note that the speed worldwide strengthens the competitiveness business, higher education and research in with which research is translated into of the European industry. order to foster an entrepreneurial culture breakthrough innovations has a positive among Europeans, while IMI 2 JU develops impact on the performance of the Finally, the agencies fuel the creation of education and training projects for all those European economy. Agencies therefore highly-skilled jobs in blooming industries in involved in the development of medicines. participate in the development of innovative Europe. In the case of CPVO, the potential performance-enhancing solutions, for new jobs is particularly high in rural and Collaboration between public and private particularly in the fields of medicine, health, underdeveloped areas. These constitute actors within cross-sectoral knowledge agriculture, transport, climate change, important pillars for knowledge-based and communities is also key to reinforcing digitalisation and energy. These contribute inclusive growth. Europe’s innovation capacities. Specific to increasing production, e.g. new plant research and innovation programmes varieties enable higher agricultural Agencies’ contribution to a connected therefore pool resources and facilitate outputs (CPVO); overcoming cost and time Digital Single Market knowledge-sharing between a wide inefficiencies, – for instance in air traffic variety of stakeholders which do not management (SESAR JU) or medicines The agencies help develop the traditionally work together: industry research and development (IMI 2 JU); and digital potential of Europe. They stakeholders and, particularly, small and translating satellite navigation services promote the growth of innovative medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), research (GSA) technology from European space start-ups, raise the protection and technology centres, universities programmes into useful applications that of intellectual property rights and Member States’ representatives. impact all areas of citizens’ everyday life. and develop the digital skills of The involvement of both the industry European citizens. and research communities ensures that The Union’s competitiveness is furthermore research is driven by industry needs reinforced by the protection of intellectual and that the results translate efficiently property rights. Indeed, efficient protection Agencies work towards the European digital into marketable outcomes for European regimes encourage companies to invest agenda by encouraging the development companies, especially for SMEs. in research and innovation since they of digital and information technologies. In significantly raise the chances of recovering particular, they contribute to the creation Moreover, BBI JU, CleanSky 2 JU, FCH JU, the investment when innovations can be of innovative European start-ups and IMI 2 JU, SESAR JU and S2R JU adopted the turned into marketable economic assets. provide them with tools that help achieve PPP formula. PPP allows the leveraging of It is important that property rights are breakthroughs in the field of information additional funds from the public and private protected, both in the internal market and communication technologies. GSA sectors to make up for the uncertainty, and in third countries. In this respect, helps using GNSS technology through risks and high demonstration and market CPVO and EUIPO grant intellectual digital tools such as the Internet of entry costs. These deter investment in property rights and work towards the Things or Big Data in various sectors innovation in nascent industries such as convergence of property rights protection of the economy. S2R JU contributes bio-based products or fusion energy. By systems to enhance predictability for to transforming the oldest transport encouraging the large-scale deployment of companies wishing to invest abroad and mode – rail transport - into a modern and technology applications, these PPPs shape to fight counterfeiting. Every year,EUIPO sustainable transport mode. The use of a new industrial policy for the globalisation registers around 120,000 EU trade marks digitalisation creates seamless journey era and reinforce Europe’s industrial and 85,000 designs, while CPVO protects experiences for passengers. leadership. around 25,000 plant varieties. In addition, recognition of European standards Moreover, EUIPO contributes to establishing an efficient Digital Single Market with standards and regulations that

39 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

are adapted to the digital revolution and conducive to sustainable development. turning research results into new products new consumer behaviour. In particular, These initiatives allow the reduction of and services is far from easy. The key is to they encourage the use of technology for a greenhouse gas emissions and water tackle major societal challenges through more effective enforcement of intellectual consumption, an increased protection of investment in research and innovation, property owners’ rights, and develop and biodiversity and better resource efficiency. focusing on areas where both market share online tools, such as databases, to potential and the need to resolve major reinforce the protection regime. They also In the field of energy, the PPPs andF4E societal challenges are greatest. raise awareness among policy-makers and help achieve the Energy Union goals the general public on the importance of by working towards increasing supply As a result, consumers can enjoy improved intellectual property rights for European security, cost-efficiency and sustainability services that are better tailored to their innovators. of the European energy mix through the needs and with minimised risks. CleanSky increased share of renewable sources. 2 JU, FCH JU, SESAR JU and S2R JU offer Cedefop is also committed to helping Developing the use of alternatives to travellers better transport systems through Member States and social partners develop polluting fossil fuels, namely biomass (BBI safety improvements, capacity increase, digital skills for the European labour force. JU), fusion energy (F4E), fuel cells and lower environmental impact, improved The digitalisation of the economy means hydrogen for energy and transport (FCH service levels and reduced life cycle costs IT operations and the need for IT skills are JU) and raw materials (EIT) is essential within a Single European Railway Area and emerging in nearly all economic sectors. to reaching the Union’s environmental with harmonised air traffic management This includes the growing need to collect goals and decreasing its dependency systems. In the health sector, patients and analyse data to improve Europe's long- on external sources which make it are offered more effective and efficient term employability and productivity. vulnerable to economic, environmental treatments that are tailored to their and geopolitical instability. Moreover, it evolving needs thanks to the IMI 2 JU Agencies’ contribution to a resilient contributes to reducing the cost of energy efforts. And in the energy sector, citizens Energy Union with a forward-looking in value chains and thus further boosts the and companies will ultimately benefit from climate change policy competitiveness of the European economy. a wider range of affordable energy sources.

Agencies’ contribution to a deeper To make all this happen, PPPs such as Innovation plays a significant and fairer Internal Market with a Clean Sky JU, FCH JU, IMI 2 JU, SESAR JU role in climate change mitigation. strengthened industrial base and S2R JU bring together a wide range of EU agencies support innovation stakeholders, including academics, industry towards sustainable development. scientists, SMEs, and regulatory authorities. Some contribute to cross-sectoral The internal market is reinforced By working together, they are able to innovative improvements, while when innovation allows European rapidly share and validate new knowledge, others focus on reducing the businesses to turn their ideas into ideas and resources, and turn them into environmental impact of specific new products and services that are products and services that are meaningful sectors. adapted to consumers’ changing to Europe’s citizens. In the pharmaceutical demands. Innovators should also sector, IMI 2 JU is delivering knowledge, enjoy the same level of protection Agencies focus on assessing and tools and resources that help to speed up across all Member States. reducing the environmental impact of the drug development process and make flights(CleanSky 2 JU, GSA, SESAR it more efficient. This helps boost the JU), agriculture (CPVO), energy (BBI JU, competitiveness of Europe’s life science F4E, FCH JU) and railway systems (GSA, EU agencies play a vital role in helping to sector, and in the long term will help to S2R JU). FCH JU seeks to advance the turn new knowledge and innovative ideas deliver even safer, more effective medicines use of hydrogen and fuel cell systems in into products and services that directly for patients. energy and transport. The EIT promotes benefit European citizens. While Europe cross-sectoral research on innovations has a strong track record of research,

40 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

The supply side also benefits from the action of CPVO and EUIPO since they allow all producers to benefit from the same level of intellectual property rights protection across the Union, which contributes to Intellectual the dynamism of an internal market that property-intensive can rapidly adapt to changes in digital technology and consumer behaviour. industries for the EU Through innovation, the internal market economy is thereby able to contribute to achieving Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth in Europe. A joint study by EUIPO and the Euroean atent Oce shos ho Please refer to the Annexes for more IPR-intensive industries contribute information on each agency and body’s to the EU economy in terms of jobs individual contribution and actions towards including the uality of obs Europe 2020 objectives and Juncker growth and resilience: Commission priorities. • IPR-intensive industries generated 27.8% of all jobs in the EU during Sources the period 2011-2013. Taking • BBI JU Strategic Innovation Agenda indirect jobs into account, the • Cedefop Work Programme 2016 total number of IPR dependent • CleanSky 2 JU Amended Bi-Annual Work obs rises to illion Plan • IPR-intensive industries generated • CPVO Work Programme 2016 more than 42% of total economic • EIT Triennial Work Programme 2016-2018 actiity in the E orth • FCH JU Multi-Annual Work Plan 5.7 trillion. • SESAR 2020 Multi-Annual Work • IPR-intensive industries pay Programme signicantly higher ages than • S2R JU Strategic Master Plan other industries, with a wage • Strategic Research Agenda for IMI2 premium of 46% over other • Treaty on European Union industries. • What is Fusion for Energy? • IPR-intensive industries have proved most resilient to the economic crisis. • 93% of EU exports are accounted for by IPR-intensive industries.

EUIPO and CPVO contribute to the development of these fundamental industries.

Source: Intellectual property rights intensive industries and economic performance in the European Union

41 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Transport

Ensuring safe, efficient and effective transport of people and goods in Europe Working for citizens

The agencies dedicated to The agencies supporting EU businesses and innovation in the field supporting EU businesses and of transport foster Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth by innovation in the field of transport contribute to harmonising and contributing to the building of competitive, safe and sustainable improving transport systems in transport systems in Europe. They include Clean Sky 2 JU, EASA, Europe. EMSA, ERA, GSA, SESAR JU and Shift2Rail. Increasing the safety of air, rail and maritime travel

Improving the capacity, reliability and interoperability of transport systems in Europe

Reducing the use of fossil fuels

and CO2 emissions

Decreasing travel service costs for citizens

42 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Background S2R JU aims to double the capacity of the European rail Facing increased traffic, changing mobility needs and rising system and increase its reliability and service quality by environmental concerns, the 50%, all while halving life-cycle costs. European Union is modernising its approach to transport in order to best support the free movement by 60% by 205017. Each agency and joint Agencies’ contribution to a deeper of people and goods within the undertaking of this subgroup contributes and fairer internal market with a Union. to one of the Roadmap’s objectives in their strengthened industrial base respective capacity. Free movement of people and goods The EU transport agencies within the internal market has been the In the field of aviation, the Union is set contribute to achieving safe, cornerstone of the Union’s society and to harmonise and modernise air traffic effective and efficient transport economy. Mobility is also key in ensuring management in Europe within the Single systems that facilitate the the economic, social and territorial European Sky framework. This involves movement of people and goods cohesion of Member States enshrined ensuring the safety of aeronautical within the Union. in the Lisbon Treaty as a fundamental products and the cost- and flight-efficiency objective of the Union16 . and environmental sustainability of air traffic in the face of sustained growth18. Emerging societal and technological Achieving the completion of the Single challenges – rising traffic demand, changing In the field of rail transport, the Union also European Sky, the Single European Railway mobility patterns and environmental works towards the achievement of the Area and a European Maritime Space concerns – need to be addressed through Single European Railway Area to make up without Borders is paramount to enhancing the comprehensive modernisation of for the lack of competition, regulation and the competitiveness of the European Europe’s transport systems. investment in the rail market19. transport industry. Removing technical and operational barriers and simplifying The European Commission therefore set up Finally, in the maritime field the Union access for customers (as for ERA and S2R a Roadmap of 40 initiatives in order to build implements and integrates maritime JU, in the railway sector) and rationalising a competitive European transport system policy to promote the competitiveness surveillance procedures is in the interest of ensuring the safe and efficient mobility of and reduce the environmental impact of European travellers and companies. people and goods across the Union and maritime transport20. in order to remove major barriers to the A harmonised approach and collaboration development of transport. These initiatives The agencies contribute to these across Member States is fundamental to will also considerably reduce Europe’s achievements and thereby to the Europe ensuring the safety and environmental dependence on imported oil, free cities 2020 Strategy and Juncker Commission compatibility of transport within the from conventionally-fuelled cars by 2030 Agenda. internal market. For that purpose, EASA, and cut carbon emissions in transport EMSA and GSA support the definition

16 Treaty on European Union, Article 3.3. 17 European Commission, White Paper 2011 “Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area - Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system”. 18 European Commission Communication “Traffic management: the creation of the single European sky”. 19 European Commission Communication concerning the development of a Single European Railway Area. 20 European Commission Communication “Strategic Goals and Recommendations for the EU’s Maritime Transport Policy until 2018”.

43 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

of high common standards in aviation, maritime and railway transport and operational safety, including through the research and innovation activities carried out by SESAR JU and S2R JU. ERA Making flights more facilitates the development of EU common railway safety specifications and drives predictable, fuel-efficient and the change to a pro-active railway safety environmentally sensitive culture with common criteria, targets and methods at EU level. Sharing information between air navigation service Moreover, these agencies are key in providers on a world view aviation intranet has opened enhancing the effectiveness of transport up a world of possibilities for more predictable, means in Europe. They are committed to fuel-efficient and environmentally sensitive flights. One improving services and user experience by of the first beneficiaries will be airlines flying into enhancing the reliability, capacity, costs and Heathrow. interoperability of transport infrastructures and services in Europe. This will allow: •• Reduced waiting time for arriving aircraft in airports: In particular, SESAR JU works towards delay will be absorbed in the more fuel-efficient and less modernising a globally harmonised congested cruise phase of a flight; interoperable and well recognised air •• Reduced aircraft fuel burn: the trial phase of the project traffic management (ATM) system across has already saved airlines €4 million; the aviation systems and Member States. •• Innovation: pioneering multi-national cooperation It enables high performance air travel between air navigation service providers through SWIM- while mitigating the environmental impact enabled architecture (the ATM Intranet); of air operations. This entails significant •• Influencing international ATM industry: realising benefits improvements developed by and for by introducing interoperability using open standards; aviation and ATM stakeholders and users: •• Enabling SESAR deployment: the world’s first deployment airspace and airport capacity increases, of a SESAR-based cross-border arrival management safety and environmental and aviation system; service efficiency improvements, cost •• Reduced carbon emissions: the trial has already saved reductions and exportable innovative 4.7Kt of fuel and 1.5Kt of CO2 emissions. SESAR concepts and solutions.

In the rail sector, ERA delivers benefits Source:http://www.nats.aero/discover/new-streamlined-heathrow- to the rail sector through an improved arrivals-start-europe/ regulatory framework. S2R JU fosters the

44 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

work on advanced traffic management and The technology control systems as well as on improving rail sub-systems and passenger services (e.g. developments already information, ticketing, planning). made or in progress with Other joint undertakings such as Clean the help of Clean Sky 2 JU Sky JU develop new concepts in order to could reduce aviation CO meet European citizens’ evolving mobility 2 needs with cleaner and quieter aircrafts. emissions by more than FCH JU supports research projects to 20% compared to 2000, i.e. reduce the production costs of fuel cell and hydrogen systems to be used in transports an aggregate reduction of systems (including machinery, trains, ships, 2 to 3 billion tonnes of CO aeroplanes), which in turn would reduce 2 transport costs. over the next 35 years.

GSA improves the overall effectiveness a single EU train control system, a single of transport. In the field of aviation, the set of EU technical specifications for railway Agency enhances the safety of passengers vehicles, infrastructure and operations, thanks to landing procedures facilitated and is acting as a one-stop-shop for vehicle by navigation satellite services (GNSS) authorisations and safety certifications. technology, and optimises airlines’ S2R JU performs research and innovation operational management. It also improves enhancing this European system to double the safety of roads through eCall – a railway capacity, increasing reliability and system which automatically dials 112, the punctuality by as much as 50%, and halving European single emergency number, in the the life cycle costs of a railway. GSA’s event of a serious accident –, optimises Galileo system also promotes seamless the access to road infrastructure via road mobility through its contribution to user charging and congestion charges, navigation services. and enables innovative applications such as connected cars. GSA will also play a By participating in the development of significant role in signalling for rail and a safe, effective and efficient internal helps save lives thanks to the Search and market in the field of transport and Rescue service in the maritime field. reinforcing the EU industrial leadership in the transport sector, these EU agencies Finally, safe and seamless mobility will be are key contributors to achieving Smart, achieved thanks to efficiency gains. For that Sustainable and Inclusive Growth in purpose, ERA contributes to implementing Europe.

45 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Agencies’ contribution to a resilient EASA, EMSA and ERA work towards Sources Energy Union with a forward-looking creating a European level playing field in •• Treaty on European Union climate change policy the implementation of EU environmental •• European Commission Communication standards, which they help develop and “Traffic management: the creation croc maintain. EMSA also monitors and sets the single European sky” The agencies improve the up quick response mechanisms in the •• European Commission Communication sustainability of Europe’s event of adverse events such as oil or concerning the development of a Single transport systems by chemical spills from ships into water. ERA European Railway Area ensuring European safety and promotes the competitiveness of rail as an •• European Commission Communication interoperability and developing environmentally friendly mode of transport “Strategic goals and recommendations innovative solutions for more and fosters the harmonisation of technical for the EU’s maritime transport policy resource-efficient and sustainable specifications regarding the noise of rail until 2018” transports. wagons. •• European Commission White Paper “Roadmap towards a Single European Reducing the environmental impact of All of these improvements contribute Transport Area” transport has become a major concern in to the development of the transport of •• EASA Business Plan 2014-2018 the development of this sector, especially tomorrow, in line with the Union’s objective •• EMSA 5 Year-Strategy given the sustained increase in mobility in of resource-efficiency and sustainable •• ERA Multi-Annual Work Programme 2014- Europe. To ensure the transition towards development. 2017 a resource-efficient society and improve •• Clean Sky 2 JU Joint Undertaking the quality of the environment, Clean Sky Please refer to the Annexes for more Amended Bi-Annual Work Plan and 2 JU, FCH JU and S2R JU are developing information on each agency and body’s Budget 2016-2017 clean technologies to reduce energy individual contribution and actions towards •• S2R JU Strategic Master Plan consumption and other externalities such Europe 2020 objectives and Juncker •• European ATM Master Plan 2015 as noise and vibration. Enhanced energy Commission priorities. •• GSA Annual Work Programme 2016 efficiency also decreases pressure on Europe’s energy supply security. GSA is instrumental in that field as it allows space programme service applications to outline fuel-efficient paths for transportation in the aviation and maritime fields. In the maritime sector, EMSA is testing the use of Remotely Piloted Airborne Systems to measure ship emissions. EMSA is EMSA helps identify, trace and track illegal discharges also supporting the enforcement and and polluters through the satellite image-based service monitoring of relevant EU legislation at national level in the field of emissions and CleanSeaNet. In 2015, 3,052 images were delivered, greenhouse gases. FCH JU helps develop covering 500 km² per image, enabling the detection of technologies for the development and refuelling of electric cars and buses. 2,423 possible oil spills.

46 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

47 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Energy

Ensuring the supply of affordable and environmentally friendly energy for citizens Working for citizens

In accordance with their respective missions, objectives and The agencies dedicated to financial resources, agencies contribute to Smart, Sustainable and supporting EU businesses and innovation in the field of energy Inclusive Growth through their actions in developing alternative contribute to ensuring safe, green sources of energy and reinforcing the Internal Energy affordable and environmentally friendly energy for all European Market. The agencies supporting EU businesses and innovation in citizens. the field of energy include ACER, BBI JU, the EIT, FCH JU and F4E. Ensuring fair energy prices

Ensuring choice between energy providers

Ensuring the continued supply of affordable energy

Developing sustainable, cleaner sources of energy

Enhancing the competitiveness of the European energy sector

Limiting polluting emissions, for a cleaner environment

48 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Background increase its collective negotiating power representatives, SMEs, research and vis-à-vis third countries and to diversify its technology centres and universities. energy sources. Pooling the research efforts of industry The European Union seeks to and academic stakeholders allows research ensure the availability of secure, In order to overcome technical, agendas to be driven by concrete needs so affordable and environmentally environmental and geopolitical challenges their results directly feed into marketable friendly energy for all its citizens to its energy supply, the European Union is outcomes. It enables stakeholders to in the face of increasing resource committed to establishing an Energy Union address technological and innovation scarcity, the geopolitical instability geared towards ensuring supply security, challenges in nascent industries such as linked to the supply of fossil fuels, a fully-integrated internal energy market, the bio-based sector. It also encourages and environmental concerns. energy efficiency, emission reduction, industry involvement in large-scale climate research and innovation23. research projects, especially SMEs. The increasing global demand for energy puts pressure on energy systems and By contributing to achieving these goals, Moreover, the PPP formula allows the aggravates the problem of resource EU agencies support innovation and the leveraging of funds to make up for scarcity. Economic growth still largely development of the EU energy sector. the uncertainty, risks and high market relies on the use of polluting fossil fuels, entry costs, which deter investment in which renders Europe’s energy supply Agencies’ contribution to jobs, growth innovation in nascent energy industries. vulnerable to economic, geopolitical and and investment FCH JU participates in the development environmental risks. and market readiness of technological solutions for fuel cells and hydrogen, while Joint undertakings bring together This growth model is no longer compatible BBI JU aims to provide the industry with the industry and research with Europe’s commitment to preserve and information on the availability of renewable communities to develop and place improve the quality of the environment, resources for the production of bio-based on the market innovative, greener in line with the objectives of the Lisbon materials. sources of energy. This enhances Treaty 21. Moreover, Europe committed to the competitiveness of the EU reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by economy and contributes to job 40% compared to 1990 levels, to increase creation. Fusion energy: 280 litres of the share of renewable energy to at least 27% and to improve energy efficiency by earth crust plus 400 litres at least 27% by 203022. The Europe 2020 The EIT, F4E, BBI JU and FCH JU work of water produce as much Strategy spells out the need to decouple towards the full deployment of Europe’s economic growth from resource use industrial and research potential and energy as 300 tons of oil, in order to achieve greater resource capacities in the field of energy.BBI JU and the equivalent of the total efficiency, competitive and sustainable FCH JU are public-private partnerships growth and the transition towards a (PPPs). energy consumed by an petroleum-free society. average EU citizen during The EIT, F4E and these public-private In parallel, geopolitical instability in the partnerships (PPPs) aim at fostering his or her entire life. EU’s Southern and Eastern neighbourhood collaboration between all the stakeholders highlights the need to reduce Europe’s involved in the development of the reliance on fuel and gas imports, to European energy sector, i.e. industry

21 Treaty on European Union, Article 3.3. 22 2030 Energy Strategy. 23 Energy Union Factsheet.

49 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

€3.7bn investments in bio- Agencies’ contribution to a resilient These projects also contribute to Energy Union with a forward-looking significantly enhancing security of supply based innovation in 2014- climate change policy by diversifying the European energy mix 2020, funding more than (e.g. enhancing the share of renewables as an alternative to conventional sources) EU agencies strive to increase 200 cooperative projects and increasing storage capacities. In energy security and environmental the case of fusion energy, the projects through cross-industry protection by developing contribute towards a potentially limitless greener sources of energy from clusters in 2020. source of energy. This makes European renewables, increasing energy energy supply less vulnerable to economic, efficiency and reducing carbon F4E, which is publicly funded, works geopolitical and environmental risks. emissions. towards developing fusion energy. The EIT Moreover, ACER reinforces energy security focuses part of its activities on developing by ensuring the smooth functioning of the the supply and use of raw materials. By Environmental protection is at the core EU Internal Energy Market for electricity encouraging the large-scale deployment of the new EU energy policy. It aims to and natural gas, which enables energy of technology applications in the field of decouple economic growth from resource to flow freely across Europe through energy, the EIT, F4E and the PPPs shape a use through increased energy efficiency, interconnectors. new industrial policy for the globalisation and to reduce emissions by replacing era in Europe. polluting fossil fuels with renewable Agencies’ contribution to a deeper sources of energy. The EIT, BBI JU, FCH and fairer Internal Market with a Activities carried out within these bodies JU and F4E facilitate the development strengthened industrial base also enhance the competitiveness of the of sustainable and clean energy sources European energy industry by contributing – fusion energy, biomass, fuel cells and Thanks to the harmonised Internal to strengthening its value chains. They hydrogen – which are paramount to the Energy Market for electricity and strive to allow the production of cheaper transition towards a low-carbon society. natural gas, European consumers energy and the reduction of the cost of For instance, BBI JU supports research are guaranteed affordable energy energy in the value chain, which benefits and the market entry of processes to use and a choice of energy provider. all sectors of the economy. By broadening waste and agriculture and forestry residues the European industrial base, they foster as a source of industrial production, while quality job creation, including in rural FCH JU seeks to promote the development The smooth functioning of the Internal areas in the case of BBI JU, thus laying the of fuel cells and hydrogen technologies Energy Market for electricity and natural ground for Smart and Sustainable Growth and their applications for fuel cell electric gas, which ACER is in charge of ensuring, in Europe. vehicles, in particular passenger vehicles is key to providing affordable energy and and buses. Resource efficiency, a key the choice between energy providers to objective of the Europe 2020 Strategy, is European citizens and companies – thanks central to climate change mitigation. to an open, transparent and competitive energy market. For that purpose, ACER implements the integration of national energy markets into a single, European one where fair competition rules are strictly applied.

50 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Agencies’ contribution to Europe’s the Union’s contribution to international Please refer to the Annexes for more footprint in the world in the field of projects such as ITER, which focuses on the information on each agency, body and energy viability and sustainability of fusion as an office’s individual contribution and actions energy source. This participation reinforces towards Europe 2020 objectives and Juncker the EU’s standing as a global actor in the Commission priorities. These agencies contribute fields of energy and research. to making Europe a leader in Sources international research projects on Moreover, ACER works towards ensuring energy and fostering international the international cooperation necessary • Directive 2002/21/EC on a common cooperation on the improvement to the smooth implementation of natural regulatory framework for electronic of energy markets. gas and electricity interconnectors. By communications networks and services forcing third countries’ energy producers • Directive 2009/140/EC BBI JU, FCH JU and F4E stimulate to comply with the rules and obligations of • European Commission Communication “A international research cooperation for the Internal Energy Market if they wish to Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe” the development of new energy sources, access it, the Agency promotes European • BEREC Strategy 2015-2017 ensuring that Europe maintains a leading standards in the field of energy regulation • ENISA Strategy 2016-2020 role in a nascent industry with strong and encourages compliance by third • GSA website: https://www.gsa.europa.eu/ development potential. They provide countries.

51 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Digital Connectivity

Developing telecoms networks and services in Europe

The agencies supporting EU businesses and innovation in the field of digital connectivity contribute to Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth by working towards the completion of a connected Digital Single Market in Europe. They include the BEREC Office, ENISA and GSA.

Working for citizens

The agencies dedicated to supporting EU businesses and innovation through digital connectivity contribute to completing a connected Digital Single Market.

Ensuring access to affordable, reliable and efficient telecommunications networks and services for European citizens and businesses

Facilitating the entry of new competitors in the telecoms market

Using space programmes to develop digital trends

Reinforcing cybersecurity in Europe

Ensuring Europe’s lead in the digital market

52 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Background

in particular at speeding up access to high- • Ensuring better access for consumers The development of digital speed internet and bringing the difference and businesses to digital goods and services and networks holds between roaming and national tariffs to services across Europe; great potential for growth and job near zero. • Creating the right conditions and a level creation in Europe. This entails playing field for digital networks and the development of a regulatory In 2015, the European Commission innovative services to develop; framework for the implementation established its Digital Single Market • Maximising the growth potential of the of fair competition rules and strategy for the development of the digital economy. efficient network and information European digital economy. In a Digital security measures. Single Market, “the individuals and In this context, the respect of EU businesses can seamlessly access and competition rules in the telecoms sector European citizens and businesses exercise online activities under conditions and the guarantee of network and increasingly rely on innovative, affordable of fair competition, and a high level of information security are paramount to and reliable telecommunications networks consumer and personal data protection, the completion of a sustainable European and services24: 315 million Europeans use regardless of their nationality or place of Digital Single Market. The agencies are the Internet every day, and virtually all residence”28. working towards ensuring those aspects, citizens own a mobile phone25. Not only is as well as using navigation satellite service the digital economy a thriving economic The strategy includes 16 initiatives to be technology to boost digital connectivity in sector, but it also constitutes a key enabler delivered by the end of 2016, which rest on Europe. for long-term knowledge-based growth in three pillars: Europe in the context of fast change and globalisation.

The European Commission set up a first regulatory framework for electronic ENISA runs simulations of EU-wide cybercrises communications in 200226 which was 27 to improve Europe’s preparedness. In 2016, the completed in 2009 . In addition, it launched its Digital Agenda flagship cybersecurity exercise involved more than 500 initiative for the creation of a connected cybersecurity professionals from 30 EU and EFTA Digital Single Market for content and telecom services in 2010. The Agenda aims countries and over 300 organisations.

24 The EU regulatory framework for electronic communications defines electronic communications networks as “transmission systems which permit the conveyance of signals by wire, by radio, by optical or by other electromagnetic means” and electronic communication services as “the transmission of signals over these networks, and associated facilities and services of the networks or of the electronic communications services […] which enable the provision of services via that network or service”. 25 European Commission Communication “A Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe”. 26 Directive 2002/21/EC. 27 Directive 2009/140/EC. 28 European Commission Communication “A Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe”. See: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52015DC0192, consulted on 18 August 2016.

53 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Agencies’ contribution to jobs, growth Moreover, the establishment of a telecoms and investment networks and services environment is conducive to achieving these goals and to fully benefiting EU Citizens and companies. The agencies promote competition It is linked to the adoption of a regulatory and foster investment and framework that ensures an ambitious Reducing the cost of innovation in telecoms sector balance between shared highest service calls, texts and data development, to fully benefit offering standards and barrier-free, European citizens and businesses. cost-optimised business practices – while download abroad guaranteeing fair competition. To that end, within the EU The Digital Single Market holds significant BEREC assists the European Commission growth potential both for new start-ups and national authorities on the The European Commission has and existing companies: estimates show establishment of regulation and ground- significantly reduced roaming tariffs that it will generate €415 billion per year in level implementing rules and guidelines to when travelling in the EU. From 15 the European economy, large-scale jobs ensure a level playing field for an efficient June 2017, European citizens will pay creation and significant improvements yet compliant business practice and the same as domestic prices in the delivery of public services across innovation in the sectors of information without extra roaming fees during Member States29. technologies and telecoms markets. temporary stays within the EU. BEREC ensures the smooth With the professional services and This requires the consistent application of transition towards the end of administrative support of the BEREC EU competition rules on antitrust, state aid roaming fees by regulating the Office, BEREC is supporting the and mergers to the telecoms sector. These tariffs of European service development of a stable regulatory rules have become especially important providers. It thereby ensures framework which creates incentives for since mergers and acquisitions, as well as European citizens enjoy cheaper innovation in new technologies. It thereby the growing presence of bundle offers, tariffs while preserving the contributes to a competitive European lead to increased consolidation in this competitiveness of the telecoms telecoms market, with positive spill- market. BEREC monitors the market to market across Member States. over effects on all other sectors of the avoid the appearance of oligopolies which economy. This complements Digital Agenda would impede the entry of new telecoms initiatives, for instance by speeding up operators and thus force existing providers access to high-speed internet in Europe to increase the quality of their offer and Galileo, EGNOS and by encouraging investment in broadband reduce their prices. This reinforces the Copernicus are key and fibre-based networks. Progress is competitiveness of the European telecoms further facilitated by the technological market and benefits both consumers and enablers for new trends breakthroughs derived from the EU’s space businesses, thereby contributing to Smart, such as Big Data, the programmes, which are translated, thanks Sustainable and Inclusive Growth. to GSA, into high-quality, cost-efficient Internet of Things and applications for the telecoms sector, as multimodal transportation. well as in other industries such as mobile commerce or autonomous vehicles. GSA contributes to developing related technology applications and services adapted to user needs.

29 European Commission Communication “A Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe”. See: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52015DC0192, consulted on 18 August 2016.

54 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Agencies’ contribution to a connected to all content and applications is ensured Sources Digital Single Market regardless of their source, without internet • Directive 2002/21/EC on a common service providers favouring or blocking regulatory framework for electronic certain products or websites. communications networks and services EU agencies support the • Directive 2009/140/EC convergence of regulatory Moreover, the efficient protection of end- • European Commission Communication “A approaches across Europe to users is a condition for the completion of Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe” guarantee end-users protection the Digital Single Market. It includes data • BEREC Strategy 2015-2017 and a high quality of telecoms privacy, internet security and content • ENISA Strategy 2016-2020 services. regulation. In parallel, ENISA is in charge • GSA website: https://www.gsa.europa.eu/, of promoting a high level of network and consulted on 18 August 2016 The revised EU regulatory framework information security in order to protect for electronic communications aims at the Union from threats to its digital the provision of additional consumer environment, in particular by encouraging rights, more consumer choice and better the development of a common European protection of privacy30. Regulators are approach to cybersecurity. therefore committed to promoting the affordability and accessibility of pan- Finally, GSA is also contributing to European telecoms networks and services. reinforcing digital connectivity in Europe These are paramount to the completion of by facilitating the translation of European a connected Digital Single Market where space programmes into enablers for businesses and citizens can benefit from telecoms and new digital trends such as a minimum level of services regardless of Big Data, autonomous vehicles or the their location. Internet of Things. For instance, Galileo sets a standard time which constitutes A fundamental step towards achieving this the reference for telecoms networks, goal is the removal of barriers to the cross- while global navigation satellite services border provision of telecoms services. provide location services which facilitate For that purpose, BEREC promotes the the development of mobile commerce or consistent implementation of a common enable the global localisation of the Internet regulatory approach to consumer of Things. protection, net neutrality and international mobile roaming across Member States. Please refer to the Annexes for more Such convergence is key to empowering information on each agency and body’s and protecting end-users of telecoms individual contribution and actions towards networks and services. Europe 2020 objectives and Juncker Commission priorities. The goal of these efforts is to safeguard the quality of telecoms services by enabling end-users to have the necessary information to choose between telecom products, to switch between operators and to benefit from net neutrality – i.e. access

30 Directive 2009/140/EC.

55 56 Contribution theme 4

Fostering Citizens’ Well-Being

Citizens' Protection EU agencies contribute to protecting citizens in all their social and economic activities, as well as the Translation Centre (CdT) European Centre for Disease Prevention environment. They work towards ensuring that and Control (ECDC) European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) Europeans are protected from unsafe products European Environment Agency (EEA) European Fisheries Control Agency (EFCA) and communicable diseases, and that sustainable European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) European Medicines Agency (EMA) development practices counter the effects of European Agency for Health and Safety at Work (EU-OSHA) climate change, and they promote a fair working European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions environment in all Member States. (Eurofound)

Education and Skills Fostering citizens’ well-being also entails European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop) promoting the development of skills and European Training Foundation (ETF) education to better match the evolving needs of the labour market. How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Working for citizens

The EU agencies dedicated to fostering citizens’ well-being contribute to reinforcing the Citizens’ Protection protection of EU citizens and the environment and to improving Ensuring citizens’, consumers’, patients’ and workers’ living and working conditions for all throughout the European Union. protection within the internal market and a healthy They work towards ensuring that environment Europeans are protected from unsafe products and communicable diseases, countering the effects of The agencies fostering citizens’ well-being through increased climate change through sustainable development practices and citizens’ protection, contribute to Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive promoting the development of Growth in Europe. Their actions focus on jobs and growth, the a fair working environment in all Member States. internal market, climate and environment policy, justice and fundamental rights as well as on the Union’s contribution to Safe food and safety of international standards. Contributing agencies include CdT, ECDC, products sold to European ECHA, EEA, EFCA, EFSA, EMA, EU-OSHA and Eurofound. consumers Prevention of the outbreak and spread of communicable diseases

Protection of the environment from the damaging effects of climate change

Limiting the effects of pollution on human health

Promoting innovation and EU competitiveness for the benefit of EU citizens

Improved working and living conditions for all citizens

Higher global safety standards

58 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Background Agencies’ contribution to a deeper and once it has been proven that they are fairer Internal Market safe for consumption33. The agencies’ activities aim to protect public health by Protecting and maintaining the ensuring that the benefits of medicines well-being of its peoples is a The single market is an area or products made available to European fundamental objective of the without borders which contributes consumers outweigh the risks, thus Union. EU agencies are dedicated to citizens’ welfare by offering preventing threats to consumers’ health to providing EU citizens with the safe products of the highest and safety. In particular, ECHA, EFSA highest standards in the world in quality, thanks to risk monitoring, and EMA are involved in the processes terms of patients’, consumers’, assessment and minimisation of the authorisation and supervision of workers’ and environment activities carried out by the medicines, chemical substances, food protection across all Member agencies. They also contribute to and feed additives and bio-engineered States. achieving fair conditions for the products placed on the internal market, mobility of citizens and workers in collaboration with relevant national within this space, as well as the Promoting the well-being of EU citizens authorities. They play a direct role in the conditions for companies to access is a fundamental objective of the Union: free movement of products in the single all EU markets with safe products. it is inscribed in the Lisbon Treaty31. This market. entails ensuring the highest standards of protection for citizens in all domains of life The monitoring and communication and economic activity. The Union created activities of EU agencies also serve to a single market, where people and goods The single market is one of the greatest reinforce the trust of European consumers can circulate freely. Its raison d’être goes achievements of the Union: it creates a in the goods market and in the surveillance beyond the economic dimension of this prosperous zone where people, goods, systems which monitor them. borderless structure: many EU policies services and capital can circulate freely. aim at creating “a high level of protection This success goes beyond the economic and improvement of the quality of the dimension in that it also ensures the In 2015, EFCA organised environment” across Member States32. It welfare of European consumers and 17,000 coordinated is therefore necessary to create a level workers within this area: citizens are playing field for all citizens to enjoy an provided with safe products of the highest inspections, allowing equally high quality of life wherever they quality, and workers with safe, healthy and the detection of 703 live, work and study across the Union. productive working conditions. suspected infringements, Agencies provide scientific and technical ECHA, EFSA and EMA strive to create with 21 million Vessel advice to EU and Member State policy- the best conditions to ensure that makers to achieve such standards of products which enter the single market Monitoring System (VMS) protection and well-being for citizens in the are safe for consumption. Their actions positions received and Union. are based on scientific risk assessments: products are placed on the market only processed and 6,500 catch certificates and supporting documents analysed.

31 Treaty on European Union, Article 3.1. 32 Treaty on European Union, Article 3.3. 33 For industrial chemicals, safe use needs to be demonstrated.

59 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Moreover, the free movement of workers protection of its natural resources and is a pillar of the dynamism of the single In 2015, EMA of its citizens from environment-related market. Eurofound and EU-OSHA recommended 93 threats. Through thematic and cross- participate in its reinforcement by sectoral policies, the EU is striving to providing policy-makers with evidence- medicines for marketing achieve a long-term objective of “living well based expertise to assist them in creating authorisation (many within the limits of the planet”35. This means a level playing field in the Union. This ensuring the sustainability of Europe’s allows European workers to find equally of which represent economic growth model for current and fair and safe working conditions across therapeutic innovations future generations. Member States and encourages their mobility. In this increasingly interconnected that can make a real Moreover, reducing the impact of human environment, ECDC’s activities also ensure difference to patients) activity on the environment and increasing the proper functioning of the internal energy efficiency leads to cheaper energy market by supporting activities to prevent By anticipating the impact of long-term for European consumers and companies. outbreaks of communicable diseases. trends – such as demographic ageing It reinforces the European economy’s It thereby reinforces the social and and digitalisation on job creation and resilience to climate-related risks, thereby territorial cohesion of the Union by creating employment –and by monitoring existing increasing its competitiveness at a global safeguards for the whole population, practices in Member States, EU-OSHA level. including those most vulnerable to risks. and Eurofound also empower EU and national policy-makers and social partners Agencies’ contribution to jobs, growth to improve social and work policies. This The EEA contributes to and investment stimulates job creation in the long term. the public debate on a

Agencies’ contribution to a resilient healthy environment and Encouraging the development of Energy Union with a forward-looking high standards for the products reviews progress towards climate change policy sold on the internal market environmental policy reinforces the role of innovation and knowledge in the European EU agencies monitor and targets through its five- growth model. encourage the respect of high year assessment: ‘The environmental standards in order to preserve Europe’s natural European environment By working towards strengthening resources and protect citizens citizens’ well-being, ECDC, ECHA, EEA, — State and outlook from risks to their health and well- EFSA and EMA promote innovation and being. 2015’ (SOER 2015), the competitiveness in their specific policy areas. By encouraging companies to most comprehensive develop products which meet the EU’s high Protecting the environment and ensuring assessment of the standards and solutions, strictly tested for sustainable development are fundamental safety and sustainability, thereby giving EU objectives of the European Union and European environment’s companies a competitive edge in the global its Member States34. As climate change state, trends and market. is becoming an increasingly salient issue across the world, the Union has set prospects in a global medium- and long-term objectives for the context.

34 Treaty on European Union, Article 3.3. 35 7th General Union Environment Action Programme to 2020.

60 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Over 6,000 substances Each agency focuses on protecting a set In 20 years, the Centre of rights specific to its domain of activity: are registered with ECHA, EU-OSHA and Eurofound are dedicated has translated close to which has delivered over to the rights of workers, while ECDC, ECHA, 9 million pages for its 61 EFSA, EEA and EMA defend citizens’ and five million classification consumers’ rights to a safe and healthy clients in 24 languages and labelling notifications environment and promote their health (552 language pairs); and well-being. EFCA works towards the for more than 100,000 sustainability of fisheries resources and the launch in 2007 of substances. jobs in the fishing industry. the IATE database, open Agencies’ contribution to a Union of to the public, with 8.6 EEA contributes to this objective by Democratic Change million terms covering monitoring the state of the environment, while ECHA promotes the safe use of the 24 EU languages: 41 To promote good governance, chemicals. Moreover, EFCA stimulates transparency and openness in million queries had been sustainable fishing practices in the Union decision-making, EU citizens are by ensuring compliance with the “landing submitted to the free entitled to access EU Institutions’ obligation”36 and assisting Member States documents in all EU languages. public version of IATE by and the European Commission in fighting illegal fishing. As a result, EU citizens 2015. enjoy some of the highest environmental The Translation Centre contributes to standards in the world, for the benefit of making EU policies, communications and Agencies’ contribution to improving current and future generations. reports available to EU citizens in all official international standards of citizens’ EU languages. It promotes cultural and protection Agencies’ contribution to an area of linguistic diversity in the EU by offering justice and fundamental rights its linguistic services in all 24 official EU The agencies foster citizens’ languages. Enabling EU citizens to access well-being by promoting EU documentation on the work of the EU in Workers’ and consumers’ rights standards abroad and encouraging their mother tongue significantly reinforces are enshrined in the Lisbon Treaty: EU partners to adopt similar the transparency and openness of the they are fundamental rights of EU measures. This reinforces the work of institutions, and thereby the link citizens. Protecting these rights Union’s standing as a strong global between citizens and the Union. through monitoring and policy actor committed to the well-being recommendations contributes to of the world population. The turning the Union into an area of agencies also make information justice and shared values. available to consumers, which helps build trust and allows companies to better target their innovation.

36 The landing obligation laid down in the entails landing all catches of species subject to catch limits and minimum sizes made in EU waters or by Union fishing vessels.

61 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

The Union is committed to upholding its ECDC, ECHA, EMA, EFSA, EEA, EU-OSHA values in its relations with the world37. This and Eurofound collaborate closely with entails promoting European standards their counterparts abroad in order to share with third countries and international knowledge and improve international organisations in the framework of trade standards in the areas of sustainable agreements and international law. Trade development, food and product safety, partners and neighbouring countries communicable disease prevention, with access to the internal market are improved health, working conditions and encouraged to develop standards akin to social dialogue. They also constitute an that of the Union. In particular, the Union expert voice for the Union in their field. is leading the fight against global warming in that it pushes for the establishment Please refer to the Annexes for more of legally binding emission reduction information on each agency’s individual and biodiversity protection targets. This contribution and actions towards Europe diplomatic action is backed by state-of-the- 2020 objectives and Juncker Commission art scientific data provided by the agencies. priorities.

Sources •• Charter of Fundamental Rights •• Treaty on European Union •• “Working together for youth employment – From education to the workplace: a global challenge””, joint seminar, 30 June 2011 •• 7th General Union Environment Action Programme to 2020 •• EMA website: http://www.ema.europa. eu/, consulted on 18 August 2016

37 Treaty on European Union, Article 3.5.

62 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

63 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Skills and Education Working for Promoting the development of skills, training and citizens education throughout life The EU agencies dedicated to encouraging the development of learning and training opportunities The agencies dedicated to fostering skills and education contribute to an optimal matching contribute to Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth through of skills to the evolving needs of the labour market. the development of learning and training for European citizens and citizens in neighbouring countries. Contributing agencies Development of skills include Cedefop and ETF. throughout life for employability

Supporting the mobility of workers to match the labour market’s needs

Offering citizens increased learning and training opportunities

64 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Background qualification levels, increase participation Agencies’ contribution to a deeper and in lifelong learning and encourage mobility. fairer Internal Market It does so in particular by collecting Developing skills throughout life evidence to help policy-makers revise is paramount to reinforcing the By promoting the development common European VET priorities and employability and mobility of of skills, the agencies support the supporting the creation of partnerships for citizens across Europe and beyond. mobility of workers and citizens apprenticeships. within the internal market. According to the Lisbon Treaty, the ETF projects EU internal policies towards Union has the competence to support, employability and skills and contextualises The free movement of people is a pillar complement or supplement the actions them to the development needs of of the dynamism of the single market. of the Member States in education and neighbouring countries. Thereby it Cedefop works on promoting mobility training. supports knowledge, business and for learning and work, by increasing innovation. It enhances trade, prosperity transparency of qualifications. It supports As greater emphasis is placed on vocational and stability in the Union and its Member States and social partners in education and training (VET) to improve neighbourhood. It also supports skills their cooperation on common priorities employability, Member States work towards as a tool for economic growth and social for VET and has contributed to developing improving the alignment of VET provisions development in partner countries. tools which European citizens can use with labour market needs. This requires a to enhance and demonstrate their better understanding of changing labour By anticipating the impact of long-term qualifications in all Member States. For markets. trends such as demographic ageing instance, 65 million Europeans have and digitalisation on job creation and already used Europass, a portfolio of Agencies’ contribution to jobs, growth employment, and by monitoring existing documents to show their knowledge, skills and investment practices in Member States, these agencies and competences in a standardised format empower EU and national policy-makers available in 27 languages. and social partners to improve VET, social Developing citizens’ skills is key and work policies. This further stimulates ETF supports the better use of skills in to boosting the productivity job creation in the long term and reinforces labour migration from and to the EU and competitiveness of the EU well-functioning labour markets. The neighbouring countries. Cedefop also business environment. agencies therefore contribute to Inclusive contributes to preparing the integration of Growth by promoting competitiveness refugees and asylum-seekers by helping Cedefop and ETF help develop and social inclusion within and outside the policy-makers to ensure access to education employability and skills in order to address Union. and training or to the labour market. the structural changes in the EU labour market and to empower citizens in Europe and beyond. To promote mobility for learning and work, Cedefop has In the Union, Cedefop promotes helped develop Europass, a portfolio of documents that skill development and progression opportunities throughout people’s lives show someone’s knowledge, skills and competences in within the Union. It works on making a standard European format available in 27 languages. training systems more flexible and qualifications more transparent to raise Since its launch in 2005, more than 65 million Europass CVs have been generated online.

65 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Agencies’ contribution to making the Cedefop collaborates closely with its European Union a stronger global actor counterparts abroad in order to mutualise knowledge and push for the upward convergence of international norms in the The agencies foster citizens’ fields of sustainable development, product well-being by promoting EU safety, communicable disease prevention, standards abroad and encouraging education, working conditions and social EU partners to adopt similar dialogue. measures. This reinforces the Union’s standing as a strong global In this respect, agencies also constitute actor committed to the well-being an expert voice for the Union in the of the world population. international arena in their field, which reinforces its diplomatic presence.

ETF directly contributes to the Union’s Please refer to the Annexes for more external relations policy by assisting information on each agency’s individual neighbouring countries in expanding their contribution and actions towards Europe human capital through education, training 2020 objectives and Juncker Commission and labour market reforms. Drawing on priorities. EU policies and instruments, ETF’s work fosters the well-being of citizens beyond Sources the borders of the Union. •• Helsinki Communiqué on in Vocational Education and Training •• Treaty on European Union •• Charter of Fundamental Rights The ETF created a set of •• European Commission Communication migrant support measures “A new impetus for European cooperation in vocational education and training to from the employment and support the Europe 2020 strategy” skills perspective (MISMES). •• “Working together for youth employment – From education to the workplace: a The compendium global challenge”, joint seminar, 30 June comprises 300 case 2011 •• 7th General Union Environment Action studies and demonstrates Programme to 2020 what works and what does not work in migration.

66 Contribution theme 5

Providing Security and Defence

Security and Defence agencies support the EU’s external policy that strives to guarantee security for EU citizens and territory and promote peace within and beyond the EU’s border, in order to increase prosperity and safeguard democracy.

European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) (EDA) European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS) European Global Navigation Satellite Systems Agency (GSA) European Union Satellite Centre (SatCen) How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Providing Security and Defence

Working together to promote peace in the world and provide security, democracy and prosperity to European citizens Working for citizens EASA, EDA, the EUISS, GSA and SatCen contribute to the EU’s external policy by strengthening its position as a global actor in Ensuring peace and security the world. They also contribute to Smart and Sustainable Growth within the EU territory within Europe by fostering innovation and research, reinforcing Promoting peace outside EU the technological and industrial base of European defence, as well borders to reinforce prosperity and democracy as energy efficiency and renewable energy in the defence and security sector.

68 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Background In this context, three intergovernmental “The European Union agencies that operate in the field of security will promote peace and and defence within the EU structure were Pooling Member States’ defence created: the European Union Satellite guarantee the security capabilities at EU level in order Centre (SatCen) and the European Union to improve interoperability and of its citizens and Institute for Security Studies (EUISS) in reduce costs has been on the 2002, and the European Defence Agency territory. This means that European agenda for a long time. (EDA) in 2004. With the establishment of the Europeans, working with Common Security and Defence Agencies’ contribution to partners, must have the Policy (CSDP) in 2003, it became a strengthening the EU’s position as a reality. necessary capabilities to global actor defend themselves and live The idea of creating a European defence The Security and Defence agencies up to their commitments is as old as the EU integration process: it contribute to the development was already suggested in 1950 in the form to mutual assistance and of the EU’s security and defence of a Europe Defence Community. The 1992 resources. They carry out solidarity enshrined in Treaty of Maastricht, further reinforced research in the field of security by the 1997 , created the Treaties. Internal and and defence and provide EU the Common Foreign and Security decision-makers with intelligence. external security are ever Policy (CFSP), “which would deal with all They create a common security questions relating to the security of the more intertwined: our culture within the EU through the Union, including the eventual framing of exchange of ideas and facilitate security at home entails a a common defence policy, which might in the development of cooperative time lead to a common defence”38. One parallel interest in peace military capability. This further year later, the December 1998 Franco- reinforces the EU’s standing as a in our neighbouring and British Saint-Malo Declaration paved the global actor in the fields of security way for a common European policy on surrounding regions. It and defence. Each of the Security security and defence which was launched and Defence agencies focuses on implies a broader interest at the 1999 summit in specific objectives and activities to Cologne. This initiative was strengthened in preventing conflict, contribute to this goal. when Member States agreed the Helsinki promoting human security, Headline Goal, and a set of military capability objectives to be completed by SatCen supports EU decision-making in addressing the root causes 2003. The Common Security and Defence the field of common foreign and security of instability and working Policy (CSDP) became fully operational policy, and in particular in defence and as from the European Council summit of security policy. It provides, at the request towards a safer world.” 39 December 2001. of the Council or the High Representative, products and services resulting from the Global Strategy for the EU’s Foreign exploitation of relevant space assets and and Security Policy, June 2016

38 EDA, 10 years of working together, p. 11. 39 Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe, A Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy, June 2016, p. 14.

69 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

In 2015, SatCen delivered from brief descriptions for fast response piloted aircraft systems, cyberdefence and requirements to detailed studies related governmental satellite communications. a total of 1,348 satellite to topics such as humanitarian aid, imagery analyses, mainly to contingency planning, general crime and SatCen and EDA collaborate with the security surveillance, critical infrastructure, EUISS on joint studies related to the topics the EEAS, OSCE, Member military capabilities and weapons of mass and policies under their responsibility. States, Frontex and the destruction. They also participate in conferences and seminars organised by the EUISS. OPCW-UN Joint Mission. The EUISS fosters a common security The majority of analyses culture in the EU. To this end, it publishes SatCen and EDA have been working extensive documentation and organises together since 2004 on several projects responded to general events and task forces. In this way, it that require geospatial information for security surveillance tasks, supports the elaboration and projection of defence purposes. These projects include EU foreign policy and enriches the strategic GISMO (Geospatial Information to Support followed by support to debate on security inside and outside Decision Making in Operations), GISMO crisis management and Europe. The EUISS is the interface between 2 and SULTAN (Persistent Surveillance experts and decision-makers on a large Long Term Analysis). EDA and SatCen arms control. panel of security-related topics, focused on also collaborate on other topics and specific regions or policies. programmes such as the Space Situational collateral data. These include satellite and Awareness programme, maritime aerial imagery, and related services. The EDA (European Defence Agency) supports surveillance, Big Data exploitation in agency also provides decision-makers with the Council and Member States in their the space and security domain, future early warning of potential crises so that a efforts to improve European defence space-based earth observation systems, diplomatic, economic and humanitarian capabilities for the CSDP, especially by cyberdefence, imagery exploitation and response can be formulated in a timely promoting defence research, armament geospatial analysis and applications. manner. cooperation, the development of cooperative military capabilities and Although EASA’s main missions concern SatCen produces satellite and aerial joint procurement. It seeks to increase civil aviation, its role in supporting the imagery analysis and intelligence for cooperation and interoperability between military and defence industry in the field different stakeholders. The European Member States as well as to harmonise of aviation safety is increasingly important. External Action Service, the European their operational needs, so that Europe Commission, EU Member States, Frontex can act as an efficient security provider and international organisations such at home and abroad. Some of EDA’s key “A sustainable, innovative as the Organisation for Security and capability development programmes and competitive European Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), NATO or the include air-to-air refuelling (AAR), remotely United Nations all make use of SatCen’s defence industry is imagery analysis and intelligence. SatCen essential for Europe’s provides different types of reports ranging strategic autonomy and for a credible CSDP.” 40

Global Strategy for the EU’s Foreign and Security Policy, June 2016

40 Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe, A Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign And Security Policy, June 2016, p. 45.

70 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

It works in particular on topics such as EDA stimulates innovation in the European the risks of flying over conflict zones and defence industry, which has been under cybersecurity. severe financial strain in recent years. It promotes dual-use research and Through its contribution to the technologies (i.e. both civil and military) development of the only GNSS (Global in the fields of security and defence.EDA Support for dual-use Navigation Satellite System) programme manages many research programmes SMEs under civilian control in the world, Galileo, and projects, and in this way, enables GSA guarantees Europe’s autonomy. Its cooperation and synergies for Member To promote greater innovation technology applications enable it to play States. Moreover, EDA reinforces the across the defence industry in a larger role in global disaster relief and European defence technological and Europe, the European Defence development projects. Moreover, through industrial base. For example, it supports gency E facilitates dualuse the Galileo Security Monitoring Centre, SMEs that set up research projects to companies’ access to European GSA plays an important role in averting get access to European Structural and Structural and Investment Funds threats to the security of the Union and Investment Funds. ESF esecially for Sall and Member States and mitigating serious Mediu Enterrises SMEs Since harm arising from the deployment, Moreover, in the context of Horizon 2013, the EDA has been raising operation or use of the European GNSS. 2020, SatCen is participating in the awareness of EU funding GSA also includes an autonomous body, BigDataEurope project, and in particular opportunities by delivering ESIF the Security Accreditation Board, which in the Big Data in Secure Societies workshops, seminars and training takes accreditation decisions for it two programme. This programme aims at in many Member States. To date, satellite navigation programmes, Galileo assessing tools that help to manage about 1,300 defence-related and EGNOS. Finally, GSA plays a key role in extremely large and complex datasets in a experts from Ministries of Defence, ensuring the security and coordination of timely and efficient manner. SMEs, universities, research and public regulated services. These are used technology organisations, etc. have in Member States for sensitive applications With the aim of exploiting synergies benetted fro the he Es requiring effective access control and a between the civil and military worlds, “Guidelines for facilitating SMEs’ high level of service continuity, even in crisis EASA collaborates with EDA and other access to the defence market”, situations. institutions active in the military domain revised in May 2015, provides to address the defence and security recommendations to Member Agencies’ contribution to innovation challenges for aviation safety. Civil and States on how to improve access by and a more competitive internal military aircraft operate from the same defence-related SMEs to market airports and use the same airspace. information, defence procurement, Moreover, a very important part of military suly chains and nance The Security and Defence agencies (transport) aircraft design can be shared also contribute to innovation in with civil aircraft. EASA certifies the civil the fields of security and defence. configuration of military or dual-use They support research projects, products (planes, tankers, helicopters and especially for SMEs. drones), hence contributing to the growth and competitiveness of the European defence sector.

71 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Agencies’ contribution to a cleaner and Please refer to the Annexes for more more efficient energy union information on each agency’s individual contribution and actions towards Europe 2020 objectives and Juncker Commission The Security and Defence priorities. agencies play a role in reducing and greening the EU’s energy Sources consumption. They support •• EDA’s website, www.eda.europa.eu, research programmes aimed at consulted on 29 August 2016 developing energy efficiency and •• EDA Annual Report 2015 sustainable energy in Europe. •• EDA’s brochure “Together for a stronger Europe” •• Shared Vision, Common Action: A EDA launched a cross-cutting energy Stronger Europe, A Global Strategy for the and environment programme that spans European Union’s Foreign And Security the capability, armaments and research Policy, June 2016 and technology aspects. It focuses on •• EDA, 10 years of working together energy efficiency, sustainable energy •• SatCe n’s website, www.satcen.europa.eu, and alternative energy sources, among consulted on 29 August 2016 other topics. For instance, it tackles the •• SatCe n Annual Report 2015, consulted issue of the reduction of fuel and energy on 29 August 2016 consumption by deployed military forces, •• EUISS’s website, www.iss.europa.eu and works towards the development of •• The EUISS Annual Report 2015 alternative energy facilities at military sites. •• Shared Vision, Common Action: A It also aims at assessing the impact of new Stronger Europe, A Global Strategy for the technologies and future energy policies on European Union’s Foreign And Security defence capability and design strategies in Policy, June 2016 consequence. Together with the European •• Defence and Security Challenges for Commission, it organises the Consultation Aviation Safety, presented by Patrick Ky, Forum on sustainable energy in the EASA Executive Director, to the EP SEDE defence and security sector. Sub-Committee Meeting on 13/07/2016 (Brussels). •• Decision No 1104/2011/EU •• Regulation (EU) 512/2014 •• Council Decision 2014/496/CFSP

72 How do EU agencies and other bodies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

73 Key takeaways

Building on their expertise in a wide range of areas, the agencies support the European Institutions as they make decisions and implement policies. The decentralisation of tasks to agencies targets increasing the efficiency of the European Union, but also brings Europe closer to citizens in many Member States. As decisions in more and more policy fields are taken and implemented by the Union, agencies play an important role in many aspects of the everyday life of citizens. These include food, medicine and chemical safety, education and knowledge, work environments, justice and fundamental rights, transport and security. How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

For the past four decades, EU Agencies This report demonstrates how agencies Agencies also focus on protecting have supported the work of the European contribute to the Europe 2020 Agenda citizens in all their social and economic Institutions and Member States. In 20 and the Juncker Commission Agenda activities, as well as the environment. They years, the number of EU agencies, bodies by highlighting nine areas in which they work towards ensuring that Europeans and offices has gone from 10 in 1995 to 44 positively impact various aspects of are protected from unsafe products in 2016. A growing number of specialised citizens’ everyday lives. and communicable diseases, and that tasks has been decentralised from the core sustainable development practices counter of European Institutions to bodies located In the field offreedom, security and the effects of climate change, and promote across the European Union. justice, agencies contribute to ensuring a fair working environment in all Member the free movement of people within the States. The Union has gone through crises of Schengen area, guaranteeing a high level various natures – financial and economic, of security to citizens within that area by They strive for the development of skills migratory, internal and external security. enhancing police and judicial cooperation, and education to better match the In the face of these crises, agencies have managing external borders, migration flows evolving needs of the labour market. been flexible and adaptive to ever-changing and asylum, and promoting fundamental circumstances, participating in their rights. Finally, agencies support the Union’s resolution. They have focused on delivering external policy that strives to guarantee value and tangible benefits for European When it comes to the supervision of the defence and security of EU citizens citizens and businesses. financial systems, agencies work towards and territory and promote peace within strengthening consumer protection and beyond the EU’s borders, in order The agencies are instrumental in bringing through more integrated European to increase prosperity and safeguard to life the fundamental objectives of the supervision and regulation of financial democracy. Union underlined in the Lisbon Treaty, systems. namely: And the action of agencies also has an Moreover, agencies create incentives for external dimension as they encourage the •• Promoting peace and the well-being of investment and innovation in Europe. development of international standards, citizens in Europe; Their activities include developing skills, thereby bringing value to the rest of the •• Building and sustaining an area of setting up collaborative research projects, world in addition. freedom, security and justice; facilitating the market entry of innovative •• Establishing an efficient and sustainable products and services and protecting Agencies operate in a dynamic internal market; intellectual property rights. environment. They are ready to adapt to •• Establishing an economic and monetary the Union’s evolving objectives. They are union whose currency is the euro; They ensure safe, efficient and effective already working towards the new goals •• Upholding and promoting the Union’s transport of people and goods in Europe, highlighted by Commission President values in its relations with the wider as well as the supply of affordable and Jean-Claude Juncker in the 2016 State world. environmentally friendly energy for of the Union address, in particular the citizens and businesses. preservation of the European way of life Their actions for the implementation of and the empowerment and defence of these objectives enhance the well-being They support EU businesses and citizens41. Their missions and actions are of citizens and the competitiveness of the innovation through digital connectivity fully in line with the Union’s 2017 budget Union. by participating in the completion of a focus on growth, jobs and addressing connected Digital Single Market. migration and its root causes.

41 State of the Union 2016 by Jean-Claude Juncker, President of the European Commission, 14 September 2016. 42 ACER Communication Strategy 2014-2015, p. 4. 75 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

EU agencies are ready to face the future.

76 How do EU agencies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda?

Ensuring an area of freedom, security Creating incentives for investment Supervising and regulating financial and justice through the free movement and innovation through the development systems to strengthen consumers’ of people, enhanced police and judicial of skills, collaborative research projects, protection cooperation, managed external borders, facilitated market entry of innovative migration flows and asylum, and the products and services and protection of promotion of fundamental rights intellectual property rights

Ensuring the safe, efficient and effective transport of people and goods in Europe

Ensuring the supply of affordable and environmentally friendly energy for citizens and businesses

Protecting citizens, consumers, Enhancing digital connectivity through Guaranteeing the defence and security workers and the environment the completion of a connected Digital of EU citizens and territory and promoting Single Market peace within and beyond the EU’s borders

Developing skills and education

77

Annexes

Individual contribution • European Defence Agency • European Agency for the (EDA) Operational Management of of the EU agencies and • European Environment Agency Large-Scale IT Systems in the other bodies: (EEA) Area of Freedom, Security and • European Fisheries Control Justice (eu-LISA) Agency (EFCA) • European Agency for Safety and • Agency for the Cooperation of • European Food Safety Health at Work (EU-OSHA) Energy Regulators (ACER) Authority (EFSA) • European Foundation for the • Bio-based Industries Joint • European Institute for Gender Improvement of Living and Working Undertaking (BBI JU) Equality (EIGE) Conditions (Eurofound) • Office of the Body of • European Insurance and • The European Union’s Judicial European Regulators for Occupational Pensions Cooperation Unit (Eurojust) Electronic Communications Authority (EIOPA) • European Police Office (Europol) (BEREC Office) • European Institute of • European Joint Undertaking for ITER • Translation Centre for the Innovation and Technology and the Developemnt of Fusion for Bodies of the European Union (EIT) Energy (F4E) (CdT) • European Medicines Agency • Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint • European Centre for the (EMA) Undertaking (FCH JU) Development of Vocational • European Monitoring Centre • European Union Agency for Training (Cedefop) for Drugs and Drug Addiction Fundamental Rights (FRA) • European Union Agency for Law (EMCDDA) • Euroepan Border and Coast Guard Enforcement Training (CEPOL) • European Maritime Safety Agency (Frontex) • Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking Agency (EMSA) • European GNSS Agency (GSA) (Clean Sky 2 JU) • European Union Agency for • Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint • Community Plant Variety Office Network and Information Undertaking (IMI 2 JU) (CPVO) Security (ENISA) • Euroepan Union Satellite Centre • European Aviation Safety • European Union Agency for (SatCen) Agency (EASA) Railways (ERA) • SESAR Joint Undertaking (SESAR JU) • European Asylum Support • European Securities and • Shift2Rail Joint Undetaking Office (EASO) Markets Authority (ESMA) (S2R JU) • European Banking Authority • European Training Foundation • Single Resolution Board (SRB) (EBA) (ETF) • European Centre for the • European Union Intellectual Development of Vocational Property Office (EUIPO) Training (ECDC) • European Union Institute for • European Chemicals Agency Security Studies (EUISS) (ECHA) 80 ACER Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators

ACER contributes to Sustawinable Growth via its actions towards an efficient functioning of the Single Market by working towards the completion of the Internal Energy Market, tackling the infrastructure challenges, monitoring wholesale energy markets, and dealing with longer-term regulatory challenges. Through its work, ACER contributes to an efficient, transparent, competitive and sustainable Internal Energy Market.

ACER

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER COMMISSION INTERNAL ENERGY UNION & PRIORITIES MARKET CLIMATE CHANGE

ACER’s A more competitive, integrated An efficient energy infrastructure guaranteeing the free movement of A more competitive, integrated market which Strategic market which offers consumers energy across borders and the transportation of new energy sources, offers consumers more choice Objectives more choice enhancing the security of supply for EU businesses and consumers

ACER’s Gas & Electricity Framework Gas & Electricity Regional Infrastructure and Network Strategic Guidelines and Network Codes initiatives Development Market Monitoring Activities

The agency at a glance Electricity and Gas Regional Initiatives 1. (Post-) Completion of the Internal •• Type : Decentralised EU Agency in order to accelerate the integration of Energy Market •• Foun dation year: 2011 energy markets into a single market. As The Council of the EU declared in 2011 •• Loc ation: Ljubljana, Slovenia from 2012, the Agency began to monitor that the Internal Energy Market should •• Staff : 92 FTEs (AWP 2016) the Internal Energy Market. be completed by 2014. This objective has advanced significantly but some progress is Following the publication of different still needed. Being one of the core priorities ACER’s mission is to “work towards legislative acts (see examples in the of the agency, ACER has contributed the completion of the EU internal paragraphs below), ACER’s mandate has substantively to this aim and still continues energy market for electricity and continued to be revised in the last years on its track by working towards the natural gas by complementing and and its tasks and responsibilities are still development and adoption of Network coordinating the work of national expected to evolve to meet the future Codes and Guidelines (aiming at the energy regulators at EU level”42. challenges of the energy market. harmonisation of the rules for the cross- In order to fulfil its mission, ACER currently border exchange of electricity). Through Background focuses on four strategic areas. its activity, ACER also collaborates with the ACER was created in 2011 in order to different NRAs. support the completion of the Internal Contribution to an efficient functioning Energy Market, hence filling the regulatory of the Internal Market Another activity within this area of action gaps inherent to the national competences ACER works towards the completion of is the monitoring of the Internal Energy of the National Regulatory Authorities a competitive and transparent internal Market to identify the needs for regulatory (NRAs). Initially, the Agency contributed market for electricity and natural gas that interventions. Moreover, ACER publishes to the development of common market will benefit consumers by offering them the Annual Market Monitoring Report which and network operation rules and to the more choice, fair cost-reflective prices and comprises all relevant developments in the development of the European energy the security of energy supply. This is mainly EU’s gas and electricity markets. networks. At the same time, the Agency achieved through the Agency’s action in started coordinating and supporting the the following two areas.

42. ACER Communication Strategy 2014-2015, p. 4. 81 “In 2015, progress toward Market Integrity and Transparency (REMIT), also collaborating with third countries whose which aims at a well-functioning European energy networks are connected with the completing the Internal energy market in which energy is traded EU’s network (e.g. Switzerland, Norway). Energy Market (IEM) has with transparency and integrity, i.e. where prices reflect the balance between supply Moreover, relevant EU regulations and continued apace. Together and demand. REMIT also includes some ACER’s work also impact the jurisdiction the Agency and the provisions on trade and fundamental data of Contracting Parties of the Energy reporting, which provides ACER with the Community, which are non-EU countries.45 national regulators (NRAs) necessary information to monitor and have made significant detect market manipulation, market abuse and insider trading. Abusive practices are advances in developing notified to NRAs for further investigation. and implementing This work also contributes to the security of The Early Voluntary the Network Codes; energy supply which is also a crucial aspect Implementation contributed to the of the European Commission’s Energy Union priority. Process promotion of essential Contribution to an energy Union and energy infrastructure; and In 2006 the European Energy climate change Regulators launched the Electricity taken a giant leap towards 3. The infrastructure challenge and Gas Regional Initiatives to ensuring the transparency ACER works in the framework of the Trans- European Energy Infrastructure (TEN-E) promote regional cooperation and and integrity of wholesale Regulation that aims at the development of accelerate the implementation of the Internal Energy Market. It energy markets. All this is critical energy infrastructures for example through Projects of Common Interest (PCIs), consisted in the voluntary good news for consumers which also contribute to a more integrated implementation of the Network European energy market. Codes and Guidelines provisions, who stand to benefit still in the rule-making process, so substantially from a well- ACER is engaged in energy network that it could benefit the energy consumers before that the rules for functioning IEM.”43 development projects with the purpose of “removing ‘energy islands’, i.e. better cross-border exchange of energy connecting those EU regions whose systems became binding. As from its Lord Mogg, Chair of ACER’s Board of have limited interconnection capacity with creation in 2011, ACER took over the 44 coordination and supporting role in Regulators should be completed by 2014. the rest of the Union” . ACER identifies potential PCIs through cost-benefit analyses this process. This strategy was This objective has advanced significantly but particularly successful in the case of some progress is still needed. Being one and can decide on investment requests and cross-border cost allocation of PCIs. electricity day-ahead market and in of the core priorities of the agency, ACER the allocation of capacity on has contributed substantively to this aim cross-border gas interconnectors. and still continues on its track by working As such, ACER supports the development of a cost-efficient network that prevents When a few Network Codes and towards the development and adoption of Guidelines entered into force at the Network Codes and Guidelines (aiming at bottlenecks due to physical congestion at interconnection points on the transmission end of 2014, the progress achieved the harmonisation of the rules for the cross- by the early implementation border exchange of electricity). Through systems, hence improving energy security and enhancing sustainability. process made it possible to claim its activity, ACER also collaborates with the that the Internal Energy Market was different NRAs. 4. Future challenges (including the substantially completed in several areas. Another activity within this area of action integration of renewable energy source) is the monitoring of the Internal Energy ACER works towards the future of energy Market to identify the needs for regulatory networks, one of the challenges of which will Sources interventions. Moreover, ACER publishes be the integration and greater penetration of •• ACER Annual Activity Report the Annual Market Monitoring Report which renewable energy sources. Those changes for the year 2015 comprises all relevant developments in the will help to reach EU climate targets but may •• ACER Communication Strategy 2014-2015 EU’s gas and electricity markets. require specific regulatory responses. •• ACER Work Programme 2016 -Revised Jan 2016 2. Wholesale energy market integrity Cooperation with other agencies •• ACER Market Monitoring Report 2015 and transparency and bodies •• Regional Initiatives Status Review ACER contributes to the implementation ACER is collaborating with ESMA for the Report 2015 of the Regulation on Wholesale Energy activity of monitoring energy markets for abusive behaviour and insider trading. It is

43. ACER Annual Activity Report for the year 2015, p. 9. 44. ACER Work Programme 2016 – Revised Jan 2016, p. 17. 45. Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, FYR of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Serbia and Ukraine.

82 BBI JU Bio-based Industries Joint Undertaking

BBI JU is a public-private partnership (PPP) dedicated to developing a sustainable European bio-based industry. It contributes to Smart and Inclusive Growth in Europe by fostering innovation, competitiveness and job creation in rural areas. It also works towards ensuring Sustainable Growth through the development of a clean source of energy in the context of the transition towards a petroleum-free society.

BBI JU

EU 2020 SUSTAINABLE GROWTH PILLARS SMART GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER ENERGY COMMISSION JOBS, UNION & GROWTH & PRIORITIES CLIMATE INVESTMENT CHANGE Set - BBI JU’s Demonstrate technologies that enable new chemicals, Develop business models that Set-up flagship biorefinery plants that deploy the technolo- Strategic materials and consumer products from European integrate economic actors gies and business models for bio-based materials, chemicals Objectives biomass, which replace the need for fossil-based inputs along the value chain and fuels and are competitive with fossil based alternatives based alternatives

BBI JU’s R&D projects focused on filling the Value chains supporting projects Strategic Value chain demonstration projects gaps in technological innovations addressing cross-cultural challenges Activities

The agency at a glance Background jobs, growth and investment The BBI JU •• Type: Joint Undertaking The European Commission has focuses on addressing the technology •• Foundation year: 2014 highlighted the importance of bio-based and innovation challenges faced by the •• Location: Brussels, industries and value chains both for the nascent bio-based industry and its value •• Staff: 21 FTEs (AWP 2016) transition towards a sustainable, post- chains. In particular, the lack of publicly- petroleum society46 and for European available information on the availability of The BBI JU is a €3.7 billion PPP competitiveness47. These goals coincide biomass supply for bio-based industries between the Union and the Bio- with the Lisbon Treaty objectives of creates uncertainty and thus deters private based Industries Consortium sustainable development, environment investment in research, demonstration and (BIC), a non-profit organisation protection and scientific advance, as deployment activities in Europe. which represents the industry well as territorial cohesion48. Europe group that supports the BBI JU 2020’s Innovation Union flagship initiative “A strong European bio- initiative. Its members include encompasses these considerations by European small and medium- setting to improve framework conditions based industrial sector sized enterprises (SMEs), regional for research and innovation in Europe. will significantly reduce clusters, trade associations and To this end, the BBI JU Initiative carried industry-led stakeholder fora out by the Joint Undertaking is aiming to Europe’s dependency (European Technology Platforms) develop the emerging use of biomass for on fossil-based based involved in the bio-based industry. industrial and energy purposes in line with The PPP’s mission is to increase the imperatives of food security, natural products, moving Europe investment for the development resources scarcity and environment more quickly towards the of sustainable and competitive protection. The growth of this nascent European bio-based industry and sector is stalled by the dispersion of many socio-economic value chains. EU funds amount to technical competences and the lack of benefits of a post- €975 million within the Horizon public data on the availability of renewable 49 2020 research programme, while biological resources for the production of petroleum society.” private investments represent €2.7 bio-based materials, which is necessary Philippe Mengal, Executive Director billion. for the establishment of competitive value chains in Europe. Contribution to

46. Commission Communication, “Innovating for Sustainable Growth: A Bioeconomy for Europe”. 47. Commission Communication, “A Stronger European Industry for Growth and Economic Recovery”. 48. Treaty on European Union, Article 3. 49. BBI JU 2016 Call for proposals, p.3. 83 Contribution to jobs, growth and companies’ competitiveness in line with the investment EU Innovation Union flagship initiative. The BBI JU focuses on addressing the technology and innovation challenges Contribution to a resilient Energy faced by the nascent bio-based industry Union with a forward-looking climate Fostering regional and its value chains. In particular, the lack change policy of publicly-available information on the The BBI JU supports the development of growth in availability of biomass supply for bio-based an industry which turns waste, agriculture Europe through industries creates uncertainty and thus and forestry residues into greener deters private investment in research, everyday products through innovative, multipurpose demonstration and deployment activities waste-free technologies. Its actions biorefineries in Europe. are therefore instrumental in achieving Europe’s sustainable development goals. In The BBI JU implements research and particular, it participates in the achievement The 2014 FIRST2RUN project, which innovation activities to mitigate risks of the 2030 targets of replacing at least 30% received a €17 million EU and support the development of of oil-based chemicals and materials with contribution, demonstrates the sustainable bio-based value chains, with bio-based and degradable ones, and of technological, economic and the collaboration of all the value chain meeting Europe’s transport energy needs environmental sustainability at an stakeholders, i.e. primary production and with advanced biofuels, while optimising industrial scale: processing industries, consumer brands, land use and food security. • transforming under-utilised crops small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), like cardoon (a typical thistle research and technology centres and The BBI JU Initiative plays a key role in the growing wild in Sardinia) into universities. transition towards a petroleum-free society, chemical building blocks to be increasing resource efficiency and limiting turned into biolubricants, cosmetics and bioplastics; “A strong European bio- the environmental impact of economic growth. It thus actively works towards • processing them in different ways based industrial sector achieving Sustainable Growth in Europe. (chemical, biochemical, thermochemical); will significantly reduce Cooperation with other agencies and • creating value from by- and Europe’s dependency bodies co-products for energy, feed products and added value on fossil-based based The BBI JU collaborates closely with other EU programmes in a wide range of areas, chemicals. products, moving Europe including environment, competitiveness The impact will be to revitalise the local economy by reconverting old more quickly towards the and SMEs. It also works with Cohesion Policy funds and Rural Development industrial sites and the creation of many socio-economic Policy towards strengthening regional skilled jobs: estimated 60 new skilled jobs every kiloton of benefits of a post- and national research and innovation capabilities in the framework of specialised produced bioplastics across the petroleum society.” strategies. whole value chain.

Philippe Mengal, Executive Director Sources •• Treaty on European Union By allowing the potential of the European •• Commission Communication “Innovating bio-based sector to unfold, the BBI for Sustainable growth: A Bioeconomy for JU contributes to high-skilled jobs Europe” creation, especially in Europe’s rural and •• Commission Communication “A Stronger underdeveloped areas, and significant European Industry for Growth and increases in farmers’ incomes, a driver Economic Recovery” of Inclusive Growth in the long term. It •• Council Regulation (EU) 560/2014 participates in the re-industrialisation of •• BBI JU Factsheet the EU economy through the development •• BBI JU Strategic Innovation and Research of bio-based products which benefit Agenda consumers, farmers and diversify •• Combining BBI (H2020) and European industries’ revenue streams. Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF) to It also enables Europe to be at the forefront deploy the European Bioeconomy of research on the bio-economy and fosters •• BBI JU 2016 Call for proposals Smart Growth based on an innovative use •• BBI JU Work Plan 2016 of resources, thereby boosting European

84 Office of the Body of European Regulator for Electronic Communications

ERE and the ERE Oce

EU 2020 SUSTAINABLE GROWTH PILLARS SMART GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER JOBS, DIGITAL COMMISSION INTERNAL GROWTH & SINGLE MARKET PRIORITIES INVESTMENT MARKET

BEREC’s Promoting Empowering and Promoting the Strategic competition and protecting end- internal arket Objectives investment users

- BEREC’s Fostering a rooting enduser Safeguarding Promoting Promoting Suorting Suorting Taking down Strategic faourable cliate choice accessibility an open enduser competition innovation convergence barriers Activities for inestent and aordability internet rotection online

The agency at a glance The BEREC Office is a decentralised The BEREC Office is responsible for: • Type: Decentralised EU Agency agency of the EU. Its mandate is to • establishing the BEREC Expert Working • Foundation year: 2010 provide professional and administrative Groups (EWGs) and supporting their • Location: Riga, Latvia support services to BEREC. The mission activities; • Staff: 27 FTEs (AWP 2016) of the BEREC Office is to “provide superior professional support to BEREC by assisting • best practices and information Background it in an efficient, proactive and timely collection, exchange and dissemination Regulation (EC) No 1211/2009 established manner in the achievement of its objectives, among NRAs; two different bodies: BEREC and BEREC and thus contributing to the development • for providing assistance to the Board Office. of the electronic communications market of Regulators, its preparatory bodies and for the benefit of Europe and its citizens”51. to the BEREC Chair and Vice-Chairs and; BEREC is a body without legal personality, In this respect, the BEREC Office’s main composed of the Board of Regulators objectives are52 to: • for ensuring the internal and external which brings together representatives of transparency and accountability of National Regulatory Authorities (NRA) of BEREC’s activities. • maintain appropriate capacity while the EU Member States responsible for the taking into account the effects of regulation of electronic communications. As highlighted by their mission statements, technology and market developments; BEREC strives to enhance the internal BEREC and BEREC Office both contribute in market for electronic communications and • develop expertise to encompass EU the same way to the EU 2020 Strategy and network services. BEREC’s mission is to regulatory developments; the European Commission priorities since “[ensure] the independent, consistent, and the one is supporting the activities of the • assist BEREC to improve its working high-quality application of the European other. methods and quality of output. regulatory framework for electronic communications markets for the benefit of Europe and its citizens”50.

50. BEREC Strategy 2015-2017, p. 2. 51. Annual and Multiannual Programming of the BEREC Office Activities 2017-2019, p. 7. 52. Annual and Multiannual Programming of the BEREC Office Activities 2017-2019, p. 12-13. 85 Contribution to innovation and open internet and that the quality of the competitiveness telecommunication services is safeguarded. A competitive European telecom market enhances European economy and fuels Finally, BEREC is concerned with end-users innovation. Two of BEREC’s strategic protection (including e.g. data privacy, BEREC’s work on priorities are “promoting competition internet security and content regulation) and and investment” and “empowering and seek collaboration with other bodies where Network Neutrality protecting end-users”. BEREC and the appropriate to achieve this aim. NRAs focus on creating the right (effective and consistent) regulatory environment in Contribution to an efficient functioning In 2016 BEREC launched a public order to promote competition and foster of the Internal Market and to a Digital consultation on guidelines of the investment and innovation. In the last Society implementation of the new EU rules year, the market has shown increasing BEREC’s third strategic priority relates to on Network Neutrality. These convergence and consolidation through the fostering of the internal market. To that guidelines will govern the future use important mergers and acquisitions, as well effect BEREC’s objective is to complete of internet and they are of as through the growing presence of bundle the digital single market so that European paramount importance for both the offers. As such, BEREC monitors the market businesses and citizens, whatever their telecommunications industry and to avoid the appearance of oligopolies that location, can benefit from a minimum the citizens of Europe. During this would impede competitiveness. level of services and access pan-European public consultation the BEREC services. In this respect, BEREC supports the Office has received and process an Telecommunications is a dynamic sector that convergence of IP network technologies. unprecedented number of almost has required the development of an intricate half a million contributions. The web of regulatory measures and rules. While In order to achieve this objective, it is report prepared by the BEREC insuring that the market is not distorted, important for BEREC and NRAs to develop Office that summarises the opinions this regulatory framework must also be a consistent regulatory approach based on expressed during the public stable and create incentives for investment fair and transparent processes throughout consultation has been used in the in new technologies. BEREC takes a forward- Europe. Moreover, BEREC aims at removing finalisation of the guidelines on looking and technologically neutral point of barriers to cross-border provision of Network Neutrality. view when considering regulations for new telecommunication services. Cross-border business models and technologies. issues falling under BEREC’s mandate include a common European approach to Sources Regulatory intervention is also necessary consumer protection, to net neutrality53 and •• BEREC strategy 2015 - 2017 to protect citizens’ benefits. BEREC and to international mobile roaming. •• BEREC Work Programme 2016 the NRAs ensure that end-users have the •• BEREC Annual Report 2015 necessary information to make sound Cooperation with agencies and other •• Annual and Multiannual Programming of choices between telecom products. They bodies the BEREC Office Activities 2017-2019 also make sure that end-users can benefit The BEREC Office is collaborating withENISA •• BEREC Office Work Programme 2016 from the ease of switching between in the field of the implementation of the •• BEREC Office Consolidated Annual operators, so that they access offers that internal control standards, ex-post controls Activity Report 2015 meet their needs. This behaviour is indeed and business continuity and with eu-LISA on important to foster competitiveness. As data protection matters. such, regulators promote consumer’s choice, accessibility and affordability. Moreover, BEREC and the NRAs want to make sure that end-users benefit from an

53. Net neutrality refers to the equal treatment by Internet Service Providers of data from providers of content, applications or services that is transferred through their network on the request of end-users. 86 Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union

CdT

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER COMMISSION UNION OF DEMOCRATIC PRIORITIES CHANGE

CdT’s Facilitate and suort Strategic eectie ultilingualis in Objectives EU agencies and bodies

CdT’s ranslation reision ranslation of erinology Sharing of orking ethods ith the Strategic odication and ounity trade language Es language serices rationalisation Activities editing of docuents marks and designs consultancy of the use of translation tools docuents of translation tools

The agency at a glance work of the EU institutions which have the European Commission’s priority of • Type: Decentralised EU Agency their own translation services. With the making the European Union a Union • Foundation year: 1994 successive enlargements of the European of democratic change. In fulfilling its • Location: Luxembourg, Luxembourg Union, which increased the number of EU mandate, the Translation Centre facilitates • Staff: 197 FTEs (AWP 2016) official languages to 24, each EU citizen is effective multilingualism in the Union entitled to access documents of the EU by playing its role in partnership with its The Translation Centre’s mission institutions, agencies and bodies in his or clients in ensuring access by EU citizens 55 is to “provide translations and her language. to information in the various EU official related language services to EU languages. agencies and bodies according This fundamental right aims at promoting to agreed quality criteria, good governance in the Union by ensuring “During [the first 20 years deadlines and prices. In addition, the transparency and openness of its the Translation Centre aims work and by triggering the participation of its existence], the Centre to contribute to rationalising of civil society in the democratic process. delivered almost 9 million the use of resources and The translation of official documents is harmonising procedures in the therefore all the more important since pages to its 61 clients, field of EU translation through the Union is committed to respecting its 56 thus playing a key role in 54 cultural and linguistic diversity. interinstitutional cooperation” . facilitating and supporting Contribution to a Union of Democratic effective multilingualism in Background Change 57 The Translation Centre was established as a As the shared service provider of language the European Union.” shared service provider for the EU agencies services for the EU agencies and bodies, and bodies in order to meet their language the Translation Centre contributes to needs, in addition to absorbing surplus

54. CdT Strategy 2016-2018 Moving forward, p.3. 55. Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Article 15. 56. Treaty on the European Union, Article 3.3. 57. Highlights of the year 2015, p.4. 87 As the shared service provider of language Sources services for EU agencies and bodies, the •• Council Regulation (EC) No 2965/94 Translation Centre was established in order •• Council Regulation (EC) No 1645/03 to achieve economies of scale, centralise •• Council Regulation (EC) No 2610/95 the costs of outsourcing and avoid the IATE: A success •• Treaty on European Union proliferation of mini-translation services in •• Treaty on the Functioning of the European various EU agencies. The centralisation of story in the field of Union the provision of translation services for the interinstitutional •• CdT Work Programme 2016 EU agencies and bodies in the Translation •• CdT strategy 016 – 2018 Centre is a cost-efficient solution designed cooperation •• CdT Highlights of the year 2015 by the EU legislator in order to ensure •• http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/translation/ efficient use of taxpayers’ money. By catering for the diverse translating/officiallanguages/index_ multilingual communication needs en.htm, consulted on 29 August 2016 The Translation Centre provides a broad of the EU agencies and bodies, as range of language services to the EU well as for the specific needs of the institutions, agencies and bodies in the 24 EU institutions, the Translation EU official languages (552 language pairs), Centre contributes to bringing the as well as in various non-EU languages. Its EU and its numerous fields of activities include the translation of EU trade activity closer to EU citizens. marks and designs for the European Union One of the most striking Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO). achievements of interinstitutional cooperation was the launch by the In addition, the Translation Centre Translation Centre of the IATE participates in interinstitutional project (Inter-Active Terminology for cooperation between the EU translation Europe) in 2003. services in order to streamline resources The IATE terminology database has and standardise procedures, in line with the been open to the public since 2007 latest technological developments, resulting and brings together the in substantial savings in translation at EU terminological resources of all the level. EU translation services. The Translation Centre manages this Not only does the Translation Centre large-scale project on behalf of its support the work of EU institutions, bodies EU institutional partners. and agencies, but it also contributes to With 8.6 million terms covering the making EU policies, communications 24 official languages of the Union, and reports available to all EU citizens. this database is a highly popular It promotes multilingualism in the EU by resource not only for translators offering its linguistic services in all 24 EU but also for any citizen who has official languages. Enabling EU citizens to questions about terms used in EU access documentation on the work of the legislation and publications. EU in their mother tongue significantly In 2015, 41 million queries were reinforces the transparency and openness submitted to the public version of of the work of institutions, and thereby IATE, which is accessible free of the link between citizens and the EU. charge at http://iate.europa.eu. This is paramount to achieving a Union of Democratic Change.

88 European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training

edefo

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION TRAINING, EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER JOBS, COMMISSION INTERNAL GROWTH & MIGRATION PRIORITIES MARKET INVESTMENT

edefos ontribution to E olicy design Strategic Strengthening cooeration in E olicy and ileentation Objectives

edefos Suorting the odernisation nalysing skills and coetence Strategic of E systes needs to infor E roision Activities

The agency at a glance and analyses policy developments. The began in 2002 and was subsequently • Type: Decentralised EU Agency agency also acts as a knowledge broker for included in the Europe 2020 Strategy, • Foundation year: 1975 countries and stakeholders to “strengthen Cedefop has worked with its stakeholders • Location: Thessaloniki, Greece European cooperation in VET and support to modernise VET systems and make them • Staff: 94 FTEs (AWP 2016) the European Commission, Member States more flexible to raise qualification levels, and social partners in designing and increase lifelong learning and encourage Since its foundation, Cedefop has implementing policies for a world-class mobility. Cedefop’s regular reports on supported European vocational education and inclusive VET that provide skills and policy developments and challenges for and training (VET) policy initiatives. qualifications relevant for working lives and VET are used by policymakers to agree and Changing stakeholder needs has seen the labour market”59. monitor common European VET priorities. Cedefop’s work evolve. Its original 1975 Using Cedefop’s analyses, the European founding regulation is being revised to Cedefop’s work is widely used by EU Commission, Member States and social reflect that Cedefop is now recognised as Institutions and international bodies, partners agreed on new priorities for 2015- a centre of expertise with an important such as the Organisation for Economic 2020. European VET policy support role and Co-operation and Development (OECD). a leader worldwide on qualifications Through tailored publications, videos and To support policy development and frameworks, skill forecasting and green social media activities, the Agency also implementation, Cedefop will continue skills58. reaches out to a wider VET audience. to monitor and report on progress made in addressing new priorities. Cedefop’s Being at the interface of VET and the labour Contribution to jobs, growth & investment Country statistical overviews set out 33 market, Cedefop provides new knowledge Supporting modernisation of VET systems indicators that monitor the performance of and evidence, monitors policy trends Under the Copenhagen process, which VET systems, including progress towards

58. Cedefop Evaluation Report 2013. 59. Cedefop draft Programming Document 2017-2020.

89 the Europe 2020 targets of at least 40% 27 languages. The mobility scoreboard for Contribution to the new policy on of 30-34–year-olds completing tertiary VET aims at helping Member States identify migration level education and reducing rates of early where to invest effort to ensure mobility for It remains to be seen how the influx of school leaving to below 10%. learning is successful. refugees and asylum seekers into the EU will affect VET. Cedefop is examining how “Many demands are Apprenticeship is being revived in the Member States are integrating new arrivals Union. Through its data and research, into education and training or the labour being made of VET; Cedefop advocates for work-based market. European tools and validation these include improving learning and encourages international systems could play an important role. partnerships under the European alliance Cedefop, with the European Commission, employability, addressing for apprenticeships. It reviews Member periodically publishes new European inequality, managing States’ apprenticeship arrangements at guidelines for validating informal and non- their request. formal learning. changing skill needs, increasing productivity, Analysing skills and competence needs In recent years, Cedefop has also To strengthen alignment between VET contributed to developing evidence to help raising the labour market and a changing labour market, Cedefop policy makers address the challenges of participation of a shrinking produces the only pan-European skill demographic change. supply and demand forecasts. First and ageing labour force produced in 2008, the forecasts now Cooperation with other agencies and and developing the green support the Europe 2020 New skills and bodies jobs flagship initiative. The forecasts for Cedefop works with ETF and Eurofound. economy. Cedefop is the Union and each Member State reveal It also cooperates with international involved in many European differences across countries that may organisations such as the OECD, the influence national VET policy priorities. International Labour Organisation (ILO) and initiatives to help VET meet With the European Commission, Cedefop UNESCO. Cedefop’s activities complement these demands.” 60 operates the EU Skills Panorama, a web those of other European, national or platform with data on trends in skills and international organisations61. Joachim James Calleja, Director jobs across Europe. Sources Addressing skills mismatch is an EU policy Preceding Europe 2020 Strategy but now •• Cedefop Evaluation Report, 2013 priority. Cedefop’s 2014 European skills linked to its flagship initiative Youth on the •• Cedefop Annual Report 2015 and jobs survey on skill mismatch provides move, to promote mobility for learning •• Cedefop work programme 2016 strong evidence that traditional ideas of skill and work, Cedefop has played a major role •• Evaluation of the EU Agencies under the in developing several common European mismatch being due to a lack of available remit of DG EMPL: Eurofound, CEDEFOP, tools, including the European qualifications skills is too simplistic. The survey shows ETF and EU-OSHA around 25% of highly qualified young adult framework (EQF) and Europass as well •• Cedefop website: http://www.cedefop. as the new Mobility Scoreboard for VET. employees in the EU are overqualified for europa.eu/en, consulted on 29 July 2016 their job, while 33% need only basic or no The EQF compares all types of national •• Cedefop’s draft programming document qualifications with each other and those ICT skills at all in their jobs. for 2017-20 (in consultation at the from other countries. Cedefop also In June 2016, the European Commission, European Commission) maintains Europass as a portfolio of drawing on Cedefop’s work, launched its documents that show someone’s skills in Skills Agenda, which Cedefop will be key in a standard European format available in implementing.

60. Cedefop Annual Report 2015, p. 9. 61. Cedefop Evaluation Report 2013.

90 European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training

fi

CEPOL

EU 2020 SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH PILLARS

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER JUSTICE & COMMISSION FUNDAMENTAL PRIORITIES RIGHTS

CEPOL’s elier ecient training and Strengthen la enforceent strategic education serices cooeration at E leel objectives

CEPOL’s rain eecutie ncrease interoerability Maintain deelo Improve partnership, Improve partnership, Strategic oerational olice la and share good practices training ortfolio collaboration cooeration collaboration cooeration Activities enforceent ocials across the EU of eternal relations the EU eternal relations

The agency at a glance Contribution to the area of Justice, resulting in topical and focused activities • Type: Decentralised Agency Freedom and Security designed to meet the needs of Member • Foundation year: 2005 CEPOL contributes to a safer Europe by States in the priority areas of the EU • Location: Budapest, Hungary facilitating cooperation and knowledge internal security strategy. Moreover, • Staff: approx. 50 FTEs in 2016 sharing among law enforcement officials of CEPOL assesses training needs to address the EU Member States and to some extent, EU security priorities. CEPOL constantly CEPOL is an agency of the from third countries, on issues stemming strives to offer innovative and advanced European Union dedicated from EU priorities in the field of security; training activities by integrating relevant developping, implementing and in particular, from the EU Policy Cycle on developments in knowledge, research coordinating for law enforcement serious and organised crime. & technology, and by creating synergies officials. Since 1 July 2016, the through strengthened cooperation. date of its new legal mandate, CEPOL brings together a network of training CEPOL’s official name is “The institutes for law enforcement officials in European Union Agency for Law EU Member States and supports them Enforcement Training”. CEPOL has in providing frontline training on security dedicated National Units (CNUs) priorities, law enforcement cooperation and in every Member State to provide information exchange. CEPOL also works information and assistance to law with EU bodies, international organisations, enforcement officials who wish to and third countries to ensure that the participate in CEPOL’s activities. most serious security threats are tackled CNUs also support CEPOL’s with a collective response. The agency’s operations. annual work programme is built with input from this network and other stakeholders,

91 “In 2015, the agency’s five residential courses and seven webinars); training portfolio 09. Research and science (in 2015, a global encompassed 151 training conference and one webinar); CEPOL in a nutshell 10. Crime prevention (in 2015, two activities (85 residential residential courses); activities and 66 webinars), 11. Fundamental rights (in 2015, three • Supports, develops, implements courses and ten webinars). & coordinates training for law 428 exchanges in the enforcement officials; frame of the European Cooperation with other agencies and • Awards grants to national training bodies institutions (framework partners) Police Exchange As from 1st July 2016, CEPOL has a for the implementation of its Programme- EPEP, 24 coordinating role in the implementation training portfolio; of the European Law Enforcement • Cooperates with third countries online modules, one online Training Scheme (LETS) proposed by the within the framework of working course, and nine common Commission in 2013. This scheme foresees arrangements a more efficient coordination of trainings • Trains leaders, future leaders curricula. For the fifth year between Member States, the EU Justice and and trainers; in a row the outreach of Home Affairs agencies (CEPOL, EASO, EIGE, • Integrates research into training. EMCDDA, eu-LISA, Eurojust, Europol, FRA, the agency has increased: Frontex) and international organisations CEPOL’s stakeholders are essential actors CEPOL trained 12 992 law such as i.e. Interpol. The objective is to in assessing the training needs of the ensure a coherent approach and response European law enforcement community. The enforcement professionals to law enforcement training needs. The annual Work Programme was elaborated in 2015 vs. 10 322 in scheme aims at: with input from the agency’s network and 62 stakeholders, and resulted in topical and 2014.” •• ensuring that law enforcement focused activities in line with the EU internal Dr. Ferenc Bánfi, CEPOL Executive Director cooperation instruments (e.g. Europol’s security strategy, and tailored to the needs databases) are well known and used; of Member States. The portfolio of activities CEPOL’s portfolio focuses on 11 priority is developed around eleven strategic topics stemming from the EU Agenda on •• equipping law enforcement officers priorities areas, ranging from leadership Security: with the knowledge and skills needed to to counter-terrorism, cybercrime, EU combat cross-border crime; cooperation and serious and organised 01. The EU Policy Cycle to tackle Serious •• guaranteeing that officers working with and Organised Crime 2014-2017 (in crime. Learning products were designed third countries or contributing to EU 2015, 21 residential courses and 41 to facilitate sharing of knowledge and civilian missions are properly trained. good practices, and to contribute to the webinars); development of a common European law 02. Other organised international crime (in •• LETS shall hence contribute to enhancing enforcement culture. 2015, six residential courses and seven policing standards and collaboration webinars); across the EU. A comprehensive assessment system is 03. Counter terrorism (in 2015, six in place to ensure the quality of CEPOL’s residential courses and two webinars); Sources training portfolio. Course evaluation aims 04. Special law enforcement techniques (in •• CEPOL Work Programme 2016 at assessing training efficiency, but also at 2015, nine residential courses and five •• CEPOL Annual Report 2015 measuring participants’ satisfaction rates. webinars); •• CEPOL Single Programming Document Post-course evaluations are carried out 05. EU police and judicial cooperation Years 2017-2019 on participants and their line managers and networks (in 2015, 12 residential •• Communication from the Commission approximately six months after the courses and four webinars); to the European parliament, The completion of a residential activity. 06. External dimension of the area of Council, the European Economic and Freedom, Security and Justice (in Social Committee and the Committee 2015, nine residential courses and one of the Regions “Establishing a European webinar); Law Enforcement Training Scheme”, 07. Maintenance of law and order and COM(2013) 172 final, Brussels, 27.03.2013 public security (in 2015, six residential courses); 08. Leadership, learning, training and

language development (in 2015, 62. CEPOL Annual Report 2015, p. 6. 92 Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking

leanSky

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION TRAINING, EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER ENERGY JOBS, COMMISSION INTERNAL UNION & GROWTH & MARKET CLIMATE PRIORITIES INVESTMENT CHANGE

lean Sky s reate resourceecient transort Strategic uild industrial leadershi in Euroe Ensure safe and sealess obility that respects the environment Objectives

lean Sky s nnoatie ircraft eonstrator ntegrated echnology Transverse activities Strategic latfors large assenger aircraft eonstrators airfrae sall air transort echnology Ealuator Activities regional aircraft fast rotorcraft engines systes ecodesign

The agency at a glance • fuel consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) technologies. Following the positive • Type: Joint Undertaking emissions reduced by 50%, outcomes of Clean Sky 2 JU , the European • Foundation year: 2008 for Clean Sk Commission extended the programme with • Nitrous oxides (NOx) emissions reduced JU and 2014 for Clean Sky 2 JU Clean Sky 2 JU, which started in 2014 within by 80%, • Location: Brussels, Belgium the Horizon 2020 framework. Clean Sky 2 • Staff: 44 FTEs (AWP 2016) • Reduction in perceived external noise JU research and innovation activities are of 50%.64 funded by private and public investments of Clean Sky 2 JU mission is about €4 billion and will run until 2024. The to “develop and mature The Clean Sky 2 JU has seen the transition period between the two phases breakthrough ‘clean technologies’ collaboration of major aeronautical of the Clean Sky research programme is for Air Transport”.63 manufacturers but also of a large number foreseen for 2014-2017. of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from all the air transport sectors. Contribution to smart and sustainable Background The research and innovation work to growth Clean Sky Joint Undertaking was created in develop, integrate and validate new Clean Sky 2 JU fosters the development 2008 within the 7th Research Framework technologies has been structured in six of near-term solutions and longer term Programme as a public-private partnership Integrated Technology Demonstrators breakthrough innovations in order to fulfil between the European Commission and the (ITDs): smart fixed wing aircraft, green the following objectives: European aeronautical industry, in order to regional aircraft, green rotorcraft, • Creating resource-efficient transport bring together the research and innovation sustainable and green engines, systems that respects the environment. efforts in a coherent €1.6 billion programme. Its for green operations and eco-design. Clean Sky 2 JU focuses on completing purpose is to reduce the environmental impact Moreover, Clean Sky 2 JU has put in place the work of Clean Sky programme in of the life cycle of the aeronautical products and a Technology Evaluator, i.e. a simulation achieving the 2020 environmental to achieve by 2020 the following environmental network that assesses the environmental targets. In addition, Clean Sky 2 JU works goals (compared to year 2000 values): and societal impact of the developed towards the achievement of the 2050

63. Clean Sky 2 JU Amended Bi-Annual Work Plan and Budget 2016-2017, p. 7. 64. Clean Sky 2 JU Amended Bi-Annual Work Plan and Budget 2016-2017, p. 9. 93 targets aiming at cutting 75% of CO2 rotorcraft; emissions, 90% of NOx emissions and •• Integrated Technology Demonstrators reaching 65% of noise reduction. (ITDs) focusing on airframe, engines and • Ensuring safe and seamless mobility, systems; involving the creation of new concepts PROUD: A SERTEC to meet the evolving citizens’ mobility •• Transverse activities consisting in small air needs. transport and eco-design. Clean Sky project • Building industrial leadership in Europe as far as air transport system is Through the funding of those different SERTEC is a Spanish SME with a concerned and maintaining highly skilled research programmes, Clean Sky 2 JU high-level of R&D development, jobs in Europe by creating a competitive contributes to Europe 2020 Strategy’s working primarily in the supply chain of research bodies, smart and sustainable growth, by fostering aeronautical and defence industries academia and SMEs. investments in innovative technologies that developing engineering projects, will make air transport greener, enhance tooling, testing, aircraft upgrades, The first objective contributes to the EU the competitiveness of the European tracking systems and simulators. It 2020 Strategy area of action aiming at industry and safeguard highly skilled jobs in is part of the Smart Fixed Wings fighting climate change and the European Europe. Clean Sky technology platform Commission’s priority on Energy Union working on innovative laminarity and climate change. The second and Cooperation with other agencies and for wings. third objectives contribute to EU 2020 bodies Strategy areas of action “innovation”, Clean Sky 2 JU cooperates with SESAR JU As part of the Clean Sky programme through increased R&D spending, and – which focuses on Air Traffic Management in PROUD (precision outer wing “competitiveness”, by boosting the – for a greener European air transport assembly devices), SERTEC is industrial base. This corresponds to the system, in order to avoid overlap and working on two different parts: new Juncker Commission priority “Jobs, Growth ensure consistency between the two concept tooling and automatic wing and Investment”. research and innovation programmes. Their assembly. The project has achieved cooperation covers some joint activities in innovative solutions for the design The objective of Clean Sky is to develop relevant research areas. Flight trajectory and manufacturing of the tooling of selected technologies towards a higher management influences for example the two different kinds of configuration level of maturity so that they can prove to possible aircraft fuel economy. for the outer wings. In addition, it be efficient in operational situations. The has developed a new way of using purpose of the Integrated Demonstration Sources intelligent systems and high Programmes (ITDs) is to integrate different •• Clean Sky website, WWW.CLEANSKY.EU precision robots to accomplish technologies at higher system or aircraft •• Clean Sky 2 JU Amended Bi-Annual Work small parts assembly automatically level and conduct realistic operational Plan and Budget 2016-2017 (or with low human interaction). assessments to evaluate their feasibility •• Clean Sky Joint Undertaking, Annual and their environmental impact. A second Implementation Plan 2014 Clean Sky’s instrument is the concept aircraft, where technologies are integrated in a viable conceptual configuration for rotorcraft, business jets, or regional and large commercial aircrafts.

Clean Sky 2 JU programme builds on Clean Sky activities described above and is made of a technology evaluator and

•• Innovative Aircraft Demonstrator Platforms (IADPs) for large passenger aircraft, regional aircraft and fast

94 CPVO Community Plant Variety Office

CPVO manages the EU plant breeders’ rights system and grants intellectual property rights for plant varieties. It thereby creates strong incentives for innovation and investment in new plant varieties, leading to higher and more sustainable agricultural outputs and job creation in rural areas. The CPVO therefore contributes to Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth.

CPVO

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER JOBS, DIGITAL ENERGY COMMISSION INTERNAL BALANCED EU - UNION & GROWTH & SINGLE PRIORITIES MARKET US FTA CLIMATE INVESTMENT MARKET CHANGE

CPVO’s Optimise EU plant variety rights Contribute to the enforcement of Improve international cooperation in Strategic system, quality and costs EU variety rights plant variety protection Objectives

CPVO’s Processing and taking Advise EU Institutions and Raising awareness on Collaborate with the Interna- Support research Strategic decisions on applications Member States on plant plant variety tional Union for the Protection and development on Activities for EU plant variety rights variety rights legislation protection of Varieties of Plants testing methods

The agency at a glance and grants intellectual property rights for The work of the CPVO work contributes • Type: Decentralised EU Agency plant varieties within this unified framework to the economic sustainability of these • Foundation year: 1995 at EU level. companies, and the competitiveness of • Location: Angers, the EU plant breeding industry, the world’s • Staff: 45 FTEs (AWP 2016) Contribution to a new boost for jobs, largest exporter of seed plant material. growth and investment The Office is also involved in the Protecting plant varieties enables breeders development of intellectual property The CPVO’s mission is “to foster to collect royalties and thereby recover their training programmes in partnership with innovation in plant varieties investment in research and development. European universities and Commission by high quality processing of By ensuring the effective protection of plant research programmes, to reinforce applications for Community plant breeders’ rights in the Union and abroad, knowledge in this field. variety rights at affordable costs the CPVO is instrumental in fostering while providing policy guidance research, development and innovation in and assistance in the exercise “The Community new plant varieties. of these rights for the benefit of protection system stakeholders”.65 The increased yields resulting from managed by CPVO improved crops generate additional farm Background income and jobs, especially in the most provides an added The EU enjoys the biggest intellectual disadvantaged areas66. Encouraging job value in the sense that property rights system for plant varieties in creation is of paramount importance in the world: the plant breeders’ rights (PBR) the plant breeding and seed production breeders can get return on system. It allows the free use of protected sector, which already involves over EU 7,000 investment throughout the plant varieties for the breeding of new companies – a majority of which are family- 67 varieties and promotes innovation on plant owned SMEs. entire European Union.” breeding. The CPVO manages this system

65. CPVO Strategic Plan 2010-2015, p.3. 66. “The economic, social and environmental value of plant breeding in the European Union”, CPVO study. 67. CPVO Brochure, p.3. 95 Contribution to a digital single market exploitations. By ensuring the management The CPVO encourages the use of digital of a system which foresees the protection technologies for more efficient enforcement of the most fragile producers, and therefore of plant variety rights. It has developed and strives towards a fairer internal market, shared numerous online databases such as the CPVO also takes part in reinforcing PROUD: A SERTEC Variety Finder or Plant Variety Rights (PVR) economic, social and territorial cohesion in CaseLaw which reinforce the protection the Union as foreseen in the Lisbon Treaty.68 Clean Sky project and allow sharing information on existing intellectual property rights through digital Contribution to a reasonable and Breeders have confidence in the EU tools. balanced free trade agreement with system. The EU PVR system is the the USA and to Europe’s footprint in the biggest in the world in terms of Contribution to a forward-looking world received applications (3,500/year) climate change policy The CPVO works with the European and titles in force (more than The CPVO supports the development of Commission to ensure the protection 25,000). increasingly resistant new plant varieties of European plant breeders’ rights in In the past 15 years, plant breeding which reduce the use of crop protection the Transatlantic Trade and Investment in the Union has contributed to: products and of fossil fuels in agriculture. Partnership (TTIP) with the United States, Increased yields also decrease the need for currently under negotiation. It cooperates • Yearly increase in yields on additional land cultivation. This contributes with the US Department for Agriculture average, e.g. an additional 47 to a reduction of CO2 emissions and water towards obtaining protection on both sides million tons of grains and 7 million consumption and a better conservation of and on plant variety testing. tons of oilseeds produced in the biodiversity, thus leading to the achievement EU; of the Union’s climate change policy goals. The CPVO also exports European • More carbohydrates, proteins and intellectual property rights protection vegetable oils to feed between 100 Innovation in plant breeding also increases standards by encouraging neighbouring and 200 million humans; food security in the face of climate change and EU candidate countries to develop • Social welfare gains of almost EUR and a growing world population. harmonised plant variety protection 9 billion in the agricultural sector systems. and more than EUR 14 billion to the Contribution to a deeper and fairer EU GDP; internal market The CPVO collaborates with non-EU • An additional farm income of EUR Helping plant breeders to be informed, countries and regional organisations for the 7,000 on average and 70,000 new verify and enforce their intellectual property promotion of the international standards jobs in the agricultural sector; rights on new varieties, and combat fraud and capacity-building in South America, • Ornamental breeders have over reinforces the internal market. Online , Africa and East Asia. the past 20 years bred and databases set up by the CPVO allow the protected more than 24,400 new comparison of the implementation of Cooperation with other agencies and varieties; this has contributed to intellectual property law in the field of plant bodies the creation of jobs and business breeding across the Union. This ensures The CPVO collaborates with EUIPO in the opportunities in the horticultural plant breeders enjoy the same level of framework of the European Observatory sector. protection in all Member States. on infringements of intellectual property rights. The CPVO set up a case law database Within the EU plant breeders’ rights system, of judgments on intellectual property rights Sources small farmers are allowed to produce infringements to be hosted by the EUIPO69. •• Regulation (EC) 2100/94 seeds from protected varieties (including •• Treaty on European Union potatoes and cereals) for use in their own •• CPVO Brochure •• CPVO Strategic Plan 2010-2015 •• CPVO Strategic Plan Implementation 2010-2011 •• CPVO Annual Report 2015 •• CPVO Work Programme 2016 •• The economic, social and environmental value of plant breeding in the European union

68. Treaty on European Union, Article 3.3. 69. CPVO Work Programme 2016, p.12-13.

96 EASA European Aviation Safety Agency

fi fifi

EASA

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER ENERGY JOBS, A STRONGER COMMISSION INTERNAL UNION & GROWTH & GLOBAL MARKET CLIMATE PRIORITIES INVESTMENT ACTOR CHANGE

EASA’s Ensuring the highest Ensure the highest coon Single regulatory and Facilitating the internal Working with other Strategic coon leel of safety leel of enironental certication rocess aong aiation single arket and international aiation Objectives rotection for E citiens protection Member States creating a leel laying eld organisations and regulators

EASA’s roduct Safety Oersight of the Safety Safety Organisation nternational Strategic Regulation Enironent Euroean management promotion aroals cooperation Activities Oversight iation Syste

The agency at a glance Against this evolving background, EASA to ensure sound safety policy, planning • Type: Decentralised EU Agency assists the European Commission, National and implementation and the continuous • Foundation year: 2002 Aviation Authorities, the aviation sector and improvement of common safety standards. • Location: Cologne, Germany the General Aviation Community in order The EASp has as near-term objective the • Staff: 676 FTEs (AWP 2016) to make sure civil aviation, through all its improvement of risk assessment and developments, achieves the highest level of performance measurement; as medium- safety and environmental protection for EU term objective, the implementation by all EASA’s mission is to “provide safe citizens on a global perspective. The Agency EASA States71 of the EASP and their safety air travel for EU citizens in Europe carries out activities in the fields of safety management system (SMS) to pro-actively and worldwide” 70 management and promotion, regulation, manage safety risks; and as long-term certification, oversight and international objective, the implementation of predictive Background cooperation. It advises the European systems72. Moreover, EASA monitors aviation The aviation industry in which EASA operates Commission on legislative matters and safety by collecting and analysing data is dynamic and constantly evolving using ensures that regulations are applied correctly related to all parts of the SMS. The purpose new technologies and business models. The by all aviation stakeholders. of this activity is to identify key safety risks expected improvement of the economy, and support their mitigation. the increasing trade globalisation and the Contribution to a safe Internal Market growing participation of emerging markets and EU’s footprint in the world 2. Regulation are factors that are shaping the future of the EASA works in the framework of the EASA is responsible for the preparation of aviation sector as they involve an increase in Single Market providing the highest EU legislation in the field of civil aviation the number of passengers and aircrafts. This common standards of aviation safety and safety and environmental protection will have impacts on developments regarding environmental protection for the transport in order to achieve a cost-effective and aircraft size, aerodromes and airlines of people and goods. Its work articulates efficient regulatory system. EASA takes an capacity and Air Traffic Management (ATM) around 7 main activity areas: integrated approach dealing with all aspects as well as on the environment. Moreover, the 1. Safety strategy, management, of civil aviation domain, such as aircrews, scarcity of energy supplies and cybersecurity promotion and data collection aerodromes, aeronautical products, threats represent challenges that will trigger EASA has put in place the European Aviation operators, ATM/ANS, etc. further evolution in the sector. Safety Programme (EASP) and Plan (EASp)

70. Draft EASA Programming Document 2017-2020, p. 8. 97 3. Certification Product Safety/ the EU standards and the support to the EU Environmental compatibility industry interests. EASA carries out the initial airworthiness and environmental certification of aeronautical Contribution to an Energy Union and products and parts, and of the continuing EASA’s work on climate change airworthiness oversight. Moreover, it EASA’s regulatory, oversight and certification provides upon request certification-related General Aviation activities aim at promoting high standards services to the industry, aviation authorities (GA) of environmental protection for EU citizens. or other public institutions (such as the EASA plays a leading role in developing and validation of EU products in third countries). implementing ICAO environmental standards Furthermore, EASA issues mandatory safety A few years ago EASA established a for aircraft noise, engine emissions and CO2. directives and disseminates safety and vision and commitments for the GA Moreover, EASA publishes, together with security information, which is a means of industry, including better and lighter the European Environment Agency (EEA) achieving continuous operational safety and regulation, which was urgently and , the European Aviation to promote risk awareness and safety culture needed after the initial regulations Environmental Report on a periodical basis. It among the aviation sector stakeholders. imposed too much ‘red tape’ on the has also developed impact assessment tools EASA issues and publishes for example GA community. and guides research projects in cooperation mandatory Airworthiness Directives and 6 GA strategic principles: with the European Commission. Safety Information Bulletins on issues such as • One size does not fit all; operations, flight crew licensing, aerodromes, • Philosophy of minimum necessary Contribution to the creation of jobs, or Air Traffic Management/Air Navigation rules; growth and investment Services (ATN/ANS). • Adopt a risk-based approach; The certification of aircraft is a key enabler for EASA is also part of the EU strategy regarding • Protect ‘grandfather rights’ unless growth. EASA aims at facilitating the European cybersecurity and the safety of passengers there are demonstrable and aviation industry competitiveness, innovation flying over or near to conflict zones. It also statistically significant safety and emerging technologies through seeks synergies with the defence industry reasons against doing so; proportionate and risk- and performance- regarding the certification and continuing • Apply EU smart regulation based safety regulations, which generate high- airworthiness of military (transport) or dual principles; value jobs and stimulate growth. use aircraft. • Make the best use of available resources and expertise. Collaboration with other agencies and 4. Organisation approvals 6 GA key objectives bodies The Agency is responsible for the approval • Facilitate access to IFR Flying; EASA collaborates with other EU agencies, such as: and oversight of organisations located outside • Allow the training of private pilot • EDA regarding the harmonisation of the EU Member States that are responsible outside Approved Training military aviation safety requirements, and for the production, maintenance, training, Organisations; especially certification and continuing continuing airworthiness management, and • Simplify and reduce the costs airworthiness of military or dual-use aircraft flight crew licensing as well as the approval related to the maintenance of your as well as cybersecurity and the fly over or and oversight of design organisations (i.e. aircraft (Part M Light, Part CAO); near to conflict zones; organisations where most aircraft design • Allow and promote the introduction • SESAR JU regarding regulatory, certification activities take place in a controlled and of new technology (or the Standard and standardisation matters of the approved environment) wherever located. Changes and Repairs Process); systems/services developed by the ATM • Simpler certification process; research programme; 5. Oversight of the European Aviation • Develop the use of Industry • EEA regarding environmental protection System Standards (or CS-23 reorganisation). matters and the publication of the EASA has been tasked with the monitoring European Aviation Environmental Report; of the implementation by competent EASA has successfully put in place • ECHA regarding the implementation of the national authorities of EU regulation in specific actions to achieve the REACH Regulation. the field of air operations, aircrew, ATM/ aforementioned objectives. ANS, aerodromes and airworthiness. This Sources activity also contributes to EASA’s objective 6. International cooperation •• EASA 2016 Work Programme of improving safety standards. EASA is also EASA aims at continuously improving •• EASA Annual Activity Report 2015 part of the EU system of ramp inspections73 cooperation with the International Civil •• EASA Business Plan 2014-2018 on aircrafts used by EU and third country Aviation Organization (ICAO) and enhancing •• EASA website operators. Inspections are carried out when external relations with third countries, •• Draft EASA Programming Document there is suspicion of non-compliance with through the implementation of Bilateral 2017-2020 the requirements or by way of spot-checks. Agreements (currently with the US, Canada •• EASA General Aviation Roadmap – In addition, EASA also grants authorisations and Brazil), Working Arrangements and Work in Progress for third country operators performing air technical cooperation projects with various •• European Aviation Environmental Report transport operations into the EASA states. states and regions around the world. 2016 (www.easa.europa.eu/eaer/) EASA’s main objectives on the international •• Defence and Security Challenges for scene are the reinforcement of safety and Aviation Safety, presented by Patrick Ky, environmental protection, the promotion of EASA Executive Director, to the EP SEDE Sub-Committee Meeting on 13/07/2016 (Brussels). 71. EASA States are the 28 EU Member States plus Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein. 98 72. The system analyses the processes and the environment to identify potential future safety issues. 73. Ramp inspections are carried out by the Member States on the airport ground between the arrival and departure of the aircraft via a specific checklist. EASO European Asylum Support Office

fi fi

EASO

EU 2020 SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH PILLARS

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER JUSTICE & COMMISSION FUNDAMENTAL MIGRATION PRIORITIES RIGHTS

EASO’s ractical and technical Oerational suort to MS ith secic Scientic inut for E olicyaking and strategic suort to MS and E needs or ith articular ressure on legislation in all areas haing a direct or objectives nstitutions their asylu and recetion systes indirect iact on asylu

EASO’s nforation and Strategic eranent suort Secial suort Eergency suort Third - country suort analysis suort Activities

The agency at a glance far as the right to international protection also aims at facilitating common standards • Type: Decentralised Agency are concerned, the EU hence represents a within the CEAS. EASO works towards the • Foundation year: 2010 single area, which needs to be underpinned development of a comprehensive common • Location: Valletta, Malta by a Common European Asylum System country of origin information (COI76) system. • Staff: 149 FTEs (AWP 2016) (CEAS) to ensure that similar cases are treated in a similar way and result in a Special support similar outcome. To EU+ countries with specific needs EASO’s mission is to “contribute regarding the coherent and comprehensive to the implementation and Contribution towards a new policy on implementation of the CEAS, EASO development of the Common migration provides tailor-made assistance and European Asylum System (CEAS) by In this context, EASO plays a key role in support, including capacity building, providing support and facilitating, supporting the EU Institutions, Member relocation and special quality control coordinating and strengthening States and other bodies regarding processes. practical cooperation among EU+ further development of the CEAS and the countries74 as an independent achievement of common asylum practices Emergency support centre of expertise on asylum”75 and processes. In order to fulfil its mission, EASO provides emergency support to EU+ EASO carries out five main activities. countries whose asylum and reception Background system are under particular pressure. The EU provides to its citizens an area of Permanent support EASO deploys EU+ countries’ experts under freedom, security and justice. Within that In order to create a common approach on Asylum Support Teams or increases the space, the EU ensures to apply harmonised asylum, EASO supports and encourages the presence on site of its staff or Member rules regarding the way it grants practical harmonisation of asylum systems States’ experts, in the so-called ‘Hotspot’ international protection to those fleeing by providing common training (material) approach (providing on-the-spot staff and prosecution in their home countries. As to asylum and reception officers. EASO equipment to face exceptional migration

74. European Union Member States plus Switzerland and Norway. 75. EASO Work Programme 2016 – Rev. 2, p. 5. 71. EASA States are the 28 EU Member States plus Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein. 76. COI refers to the information relative to where asylum seekers come from, the clear identification of which is can be decisive for the assessment of the 72. 99 The system analyses the processes and the environment to identify potential future safety issues. credibility of their claim. 73. Ramp inspections are carried out by the Member States on the airport ground between the arrival and departure of the aircraft via a specific checklist. pressures) in cooperation with the matters related to vulnerable applicants, European Commission and other justice such as children and unaccompanied and home affairs agencies (i.e. Frontex, minors, “victims of trafficking in human Eurojust and Europol). beings, victims of torture and other cruel and inhuman treatment, persons at risk EASO’s contribution Information and analysis support because of their gender, gender identity or EASO collects and exchanges accurate and sexual orientation and any other groups of to Hotspots up-to-date information and documentation applicants with special needs”80 relative to the CEAS and makes it available Present in all operational Hotspots in via a single point of information, the Cooperation with other agencies and Greece and Italy, contributing to Information and Documentation System. bodies relocation and registration of asylum EASO’s work also includes gathering EASO is part of the Justice and Home Affairs seekers, over 10.000 participants in common COI and the development of the Agencies’ network. EASO hence closely our training modules, provision of Early warning and Preparedness System collaborates especially with Frontex, FRA, Country of Origin Information, (EPS) that aims at providing EU+ countries eu-LISA, EUROPOL, CEPOL and Eurojust. In developing tools to assist Member and EU Institutions “with accurate, timely particular, EASO works with: States asylum systems. information and analyses on flows of asylum seekers to and within the EU and • CEPOL, Europol, FRA and Frontex on Europe is facing the biggest the EU+ countries’ capacity to deal with vulnerable groups issues; migratory flow in modern history, 77 them” . • Frontex on training programmes, quality and EASO is there to support initiatives, data analysis sharing in the Member States asylum systems, the Third country support context of EPS and COI, and operational EU as a whole and refugees to better EASO supports the external dimension support, including the Hotspot approach cope with the migration challenges. of the CEAS through partnerships with (in which Eurojust and Europol also play EASO is actively present in Italy and international organisations and third an important role); Greece coordinating all activities, countries, by promoting capacity building • FRA on information sharing, exchange supporting the registration, of asylum and reception systems in key of research and data collection relocation, and further processing of neighbouring third countries, providing methodologies, best-practices and applications of international training and improving the quality of the expertise related to fundamental rights. protection. asylum process, in countries of origin, transit and destination, and coordinating Furthermore, EASO also collaborates EASO’s added value: expertise, rapid 78 Member States’ actions on resettlement. with the UN High Commissioner for assistance for countries facing Refugees (UNHCR) on training, quality migratory pressures, training and Contribution to the area of Justice and processes, trends and analysis, vulnerable vital information relevant for decision Fundamental Rights groups, resettlement and (third country) makers. “As a centre of expertise on asylum, EASO operational support. EASO also cooperates helps Member States fulfil their European with members of courts and tribunals with and international obligations to give the goal to harmonise judicial decisions Sources protection to people in need”79. Moreover, made in asylum cases. •• EASO Work Programme 2006, Rev. 2 EASO supports their cooperation on •• EASO Work Programme 2006, Rev. 3 •• Five Years of EASO: results and perspectives •• EASO Multi-Annual Work Programme 2014-2016

77. Ibid., p. 16. 78. Ibid., p. 32. 79. Five Years of EASO: results and perspectives, p. 3. 80. EASO Work Programme 2016 – Rev. 2, p. 25.

100 EBA European Banking Authority

EBA contributes to Sustainable Growth via its actions towards an efficient, transparent and stable Single Market, by enhancing financial stability, the integrity, efficiency and orderly functioning of the banking sector and increasing consumer protection. Through its actions towards a Banking Union, EBA also contributes to a deeper Economic and Monetary Union, which will enhance the competitiveness in the euro area.

EBA

EU 2020 SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH PILLARS

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER ECONOMIC COMMISSION INTERNAL AND PRIORITIES MARKET MONETARY UNION

EBA’s Integrity, efficiency and Strategic Financial stability orderly functioning of the Consumer protection Objectives banking sector

EBA’s Develop and Develop and Promote the Identify and analyse Maintain and Protect consumers Ensure secure, easy Strategic maintain a Single coordinate resolution convergence of trends, potential develop the and monitor and efficient policy and resolution supervisory risks and common supervisory Areas Rulebook plans practices vulnerabilities reporting framework financial innovation payment services

The agency at a glance system caused by the crisis also put at institutions to ensure that the cost of bank • Type: Decentralised EU Agency risk the functioning of the internal market. rescues does not fall on taxpayers. • Foundation year: 2011 Restoring and maintaining a stable and The EBA has three intertwined strategic • Location: London, United Kingdom reliable financial system is therefore objectives, i.e. “to maintain financial stability • Staff: 189 FTEs (AWP 2016) a necessary condition to rebuild and in the EU; to safeguard the integrity, preserve trust in the internal market, and efficiency and orderly functioning of the hence foster economic growth. The so- banking sector; and to foster consumer The EBA’s mission is to “build a called “Five Presidents’ Report”82 presents a protection in all EU Member States single regulatory and supervisory two-stage roadmap towards the completion by identifying and seeking to address framework for the entire banking of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) consumer detriment in the financial sector in the 28 EU Member in order to create a better and fairer life for services sector”84. In order to realise States, so as to ensure an citizens as well as increase competitiveness these and to contribute to the efficient efficient, transparent and stable within the euro area. The first stage functioning of the Single Market, the EBA Single Market that benefits its comprises among others the completion identified eight strategic areas for its consumers, businesses and the of the Financial Union, which encompasses activity. broader economy” 81 the completion of the Banking Union and the settlement of a Capital Markets Union “I am very proud that the Background (CMU). The EBA was established in the aftermath Single Rulebook in banking of the financial and economic crisis of 2007- Contribution to an efficient functioning is now a reality, with 117 2008, which revealed shortcomings in the of the internal market supervision of financial services institutions The EBA’s work is driven by the reform technical standards and 46 due to a lack of cooperation, coordination package adopted by the G2083 that guidelines delivered in key and trust between the national supervisors, includes an action plan to gradually 85 as well as an inconsistent application of strengthen banks’ capital and liquidity, as areas.” EU law across Member States. The severe well as regulatory reforms in the area of strain on the stability of the financial recovery and resolution of failing financial Andrea Enria, EBA Chair

81. The EBA 2016-2018 Multi-Annual Work Programme, p. 8. 82. Completing Europe’s Economic and Monetary Union, Jean-Claude Junker, Donald Tusk, Jeroen Dijsselbloem, Mario Draghi and Martin Schulz, http://ec.europa.eu/priorities/economic-monetary-union/docs/5-presidents-report_en.pdf, consulted on 27 June 2016. 83. The EBA 2016-2018 Multi-Annual Work Programme, p. 7. 84. The EBA 2016-2018 Multi-Annual Work Programme, p. 8. 101 85. EBA Annual Report 2015, p. 10. 1. Playing a central role in the 7. Ensuring secure, easy and efficient outcomes and compliance with EU rules. regulation and policy framework with payment services across the EU. The Moreover, it has stepped up its participation the development and maintenance of objective is to guarantee a comprehensive in supervisory colleges where joint and the Single Rulebook. The objective is to set of rules that would make all cross-border coordinated actions are put into place. contribute to a level playing field for financial payments in Europe as easy as payments institutions, provide the regulatory basis for within a Member State. Cooperation with other agencies and a single EU banking sector, and improve the bodies quality of the Financial Regulation as well as 8. Functioning as a competent, The EBA operates within the European the overall functioning of the Single Market. responsible and professional System of Financial Supervision (ESFS) that organisation, with effective corporate has the purpose of ensuring consistent 2. Promoting the development and governance and efficient processes. and coherent micro- and macro-prudential coordination of resolution policy The purpose is to continue to improve financial supervision86 in the EU. Micro- and resolution plans, and developing the efficiency and effectiveness of the prudential supervision is carried out common approaches for the resolution support and administrative processes and by the three European Supervisory of failing financial and credit to collaborate with the other ESA’s to reach Authorities (ESAs) – i.e. the EBA, the institutions and financial market economies of scale. European Securities and Markets Authority infrastructures. The EBA develops (ESMA) and the European Insurance and resolution plans, assesses resolvability and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) addresses the obstacles to resolvability. –, the Joint Committee of the ESAs and the It also compares the plans and provides National Competent Authorities (NCAs). benchmarks to resolution and supervisory Macro-prudential oversight is conducted authorities in order to promote common The EBA’s exercise at the EU level by the European Systemic approaches to resolution. Risk Board (ESRB) which comprises the on Transparency European Central Bank (ECB), the national 3. Promoting the convergence of central banks, the ESAs and the European supervisory practices to a high The EBA has published in November Commission. standard so as to ensure that 2015 the outcome of its 2015 EU-wide regulatory and supervisory rules transparency exercise and provided The EFSF works towards an efficient are implemented equally across all detailed bank-by-bank data on capital functioning of the single market thanks to Member States. This activity is essential positions, risk exposure amounts and a regulatory and supervisory framework for the Single Market since it aims at asset quality on 105 banks from 21 that is applied equally across Europe. While achieving consistent conclusions and a real countries of the European Economic the day-to-day supervision of the financial level playing field. Area (EEA) as part of its ongoing institutions mainly remains at national level, commitment to enhancing the three ESAs bring EU-wide uniform rules 4. Identifying and analysing trends, transparency in the EU Banking and harmonise supervisory approaches potential risks and vulnerabilities sector. The data, which shows across the EU. The ESFS, and the EBA in stemming from the microprudential improvements in the resilience of the particular, also cooperates with other level across borders and sectors. The EU banking sector, is published at the supervisory authorities such as the Single EBA identifies, analyses and addresses highest level of consolidation, Supervisory Mechanism (SSM). key risks in the banking sector in order to covering around 70% of total EU ensure the stability of the financial system banking assets for the reference dates The EBA has also collaborated with the SRB and the orderly functioning and integrity of of 31 December 2014 and 30 June since its creation in order to provide its financial markets. 2015. By disclosing these fully experience of resolution planning in the EU comparable figures in user friendly via the participation to working groups and 5. Maintaining and developing the formats, the EBA aims to promote various committees. common supervisory reporting greater understanding of capital framework, as well as strengthening positions and exposures of the EU EBA also collaborates with ENISA regarding its role as an EU data hub for the banking sector and foster market the cybersecurity challenges of cloud collection, use and dissemination of discipline in the Single Market. computing in the financial sector. data on EU banks. The EBA plays the role Sources of a data transparency hub for the banks in Contribution to the Banking Union and •• The European Banking Authority at a glance Europe, in order to make data available for the deepening of the Economic and •• The EBA 2016-2018 Multi-Annual Work various stakeholders and improve banks’ Monetary Union Programme own disclosures. The Banking Union comprises three pillars: •• The EBA 2016 Annual Work Programme the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM), (revised) 6. Protecting consumers and the Single Resolution Mechanism (SRM) and •• EBA Annual Report 2015 monitoring financial innovation.The the European Deposit Insurance Scheme •• Completing Europe’s Economic and EBA enhances the protection of consumers (EDIS). The EBA collaborates with the Monetary Union, Jean-Claude Junker, by monitoring and tackling consumer SSM mainly by providing tools to enhance Donald Tusk, Jeroen Dijsselbloem, Mario detriment. It stimulates transparency, regulatory and supervisory convergence Draghi and Martin Schulz, http://ec.europa. simplicity and fairness for financial products and ensure consistent supervisory eu/priorities/economic-monetary-union/ and services. practices, comparable supervisory docs/5-presidents-report_en.pdf, consulted on 26 August 2016.

86. The micro-prudential supervision is the supervision of individual institutions, while the macro-prudential supervision focuses on system-wide risks to financial stability. 102 European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control

ECDC

EU 2020 SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH PILLARS

LEVEL OF EUROPE IN THE WORLD EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER JOBS, COMMISSION INTERNAL GROWTH & MARKET PRIORITIES INVESTMENT

ECDC’s Surveillance of Epidemic intelligence Strategic communicable Scientific advice Support to response Objectives diseases

EDCD’s ollection and disseina- roision of scientic roision of tiely inforation to E oordination of the Euroean oordination of the Euroean Strategic tion of scientic and opinions and national and international decision netork of bodies in the eld netork of bodies in the eld Activities technical data technical assistance akers in the eld of ublic health of ublic health of ublic health

The agency at a glance Prevention and control are of utmost workers’ productivity and employability, • Type: Decentralised EU Agency importance for the Union since ever- contributes to the financial sustainability • Foundation year: 2005 increasing interconnectedness gives rise to and efficiency of healthcare systems by • Location: Stockholm, Sweden more complex and numerous cross-border reducing infections-related costs. For that • Staff: 286 FTEs (AWP 2016) threats to human health. Moreover, health purpose, ECDC provides advice to the has been singled out as an important factor European Commission for research and 88 ECDC “identifies, assesses and in economic recovery in Europe. innovation programmes. communicates current and emerging threats to human health Contribution to jobs, growth and “Reducing the burden of posed by infectious diseases and investment supports the Member States in ECDC provides EU Institutions and Member infectious diseases in the their preparedness and response States with impartial, evidence-based highly interconnected efforts”.87 scientific support on communicable diseases and health threats in order to Europe of today is always a support the efficiency of prevention and collaborative effort.”90 Background control systems for communicable diseases The need to ensure a high level of within the Union. health protection in the definition and implementation of all EU policies and Protecting citizens from communicable activities is enshrined in Article 168 of the diseases and unknown threats contributes ECDC is also geared towards reducing Treaty on the Functioning of the European to achieving all three Europe 2020 inequalities within and across Member Union. This entails the need to address objectives of Smart, Sustainable and States by providing tools and technical gaps in Europe’s defence system against Inclusive Growth. Indeed, health is a assistance to them to set up an equal communicable diseases and outbreaks. crucial driver for growth in that it increases

87. Achievements, challenges and major outputs 2014, p.3-4. 88. Commission staff working document “Investing in Health”. 89. Commission staff working document “Investing in Health”. 90. ECDC Strategic Multi-Annual Programme 2014-2020, p.1. 103 protection from communicable disease ECDC activities, which are open to the threats to all, especially to the most participation of third countries, also deprived populations which are particularly promote the integration of European vulnerable to infectious diseases 89. standards in the field of prevention and By supporting the achievement of each control of communicable diseases in European Antibiotic of these objectives, ECDC contributes countries which are bound by agreements to delivering more jobs, growth and with the Union to implement EU legislation, Awareness Day investment to Europe.91 especially in the neighbourhood. The (EAAD) agency assists the Commission in Contribution to an efficient functioning developing cooperation on communicable of the internal market diseases with third countries. EAAD is a European health initiative ECDC activities also ensure the smooth coordinated by the ECDC which aims functioning of the internal market by Cooperation with other agencies and to provide a platform to support for contributing to the protection of citizens public bodies national campaigns on the prudent from the health threats caused by ECDC collaborates with other EU agencies use of antibiotics. Each year, EAAD is communicable diseases and arising from to foster cooperation and the exchange marked by national campaigns on the the increased mobility within Europe of scientific information in the field of prudent antibiotic use. In 2015, 41 and with the rest of the world. Indeed, public health. It has signed Memoranda countries took part in EAAD. increased interconnectedness of people of Understanding with EFSA, related to and products aggravates the risk of spread food safety, prevention and control of The goal of EAAD is to provide an of communicable diseases and outbreaks. communicable diseases, and support evidence-based focus for national In particular, ECDC surveillance, monitoring to emergency response; with EMA in campaigns, as well as key messages, and risk assessment activities facilitate the fields of vaccination, antimicrobial campaign materials, technical and the swift withdrawal of products unsafe resistance, antivirals and substances of political support at EU and Member for consumption from the internal market human origins; and with the EMCDDA on States levels. if they endanger the health of European monitoring, communication and prevention consumers. of the spread of drug-related infectious EAAD was awarded the European diseases in Europe. ECDC also punctually Health Award in 2016. The award Contribution to Europe’s footprint in collaborates with EEA, EASA, Europol, supports initiatives focused on the the world Frontex and FRA. development of sustainable and ECDC contributes to Europe’s footprint in innovative concepts which the world through technical cooperation successfully address current with third countries and international challenges. The jury stated: “The organisations in the detection and project is dealing with probably the protection from communicable most important threat to public diseases. It shares its knowledge on health today: antimicrobial resistance communicable diseases with the World (AMR). The EAAD has contributed to Health Organisation and the main other placing this issue high on the national centres for disease prevention and control, and international public and political and expands Europe’s high standards agenda”. worldwide. Sources •• Regulation (ec) No 851/2004 •• Commission staff working document “Investing in health” •• ECDC strategic multi-annual programme 2014-2020 •• Achievements, challenges and major outputs 2014 •• ECDC Annual Work Programme 2016

91. ECDC website: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/aboutus/Partnerships/Pages/partnerships.aspx.

104 ECHA European Chemicals Agency

fi

ECHA

EU 2020 SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH PILLARS

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER JOBS, COMMISSION INTERNAL GROWTH & MARKET PRIORITIES INVESTMENT

ECHA’s el coanies dance the safe use ddress cheicals of roide inforation Strategic coly ith the legislation of cheicals concern on cheicals Objectives

ECHA’s Strategic eliering oinions on the Registering cheicals Ealuating substances uilding scientic and Activities authorisation of cheicals registration dossiers regulatory caacity at E leel

The agency at a glance • the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation “[In 2015] Over half of • Type: Decentralised EU Agency and Restriction of Chemicals; • Foundation year: 2007 the dossiers checked by • the Classification, Labelling and Packaging • Location: Helsinki, Finland of hazardous chemicals; ECHA were on substances • Staff: 580 FTEs (AWP 2016) • the Biocidal Products Regulation; expected to have the

ECHA is “the driving force • the Prior Informed Consent in the greatest impact on among regulatory authorities in international trade of hazardous improved protection implementing the EU’s ground- chemicals and pesticides. breaking chemicals legislation for for people and the the benefit of human health and ECHA is in charge of their consistent environment.”95 the environment as well as for implementation across the Union, in line innovation and competitiveness. with the objectives of the Lisbon Treaty’s ECHA helps companies to comply objectives.93 with the legislation, advances the safe use of chemicals, provides Contribution to the efficient For that purpose, it manages the information on chemicals and functioning of the Internal Market registration, evaluation, labelling and addresses chemicals of concern”92. ECHA’s mandate derives from the necessity restriction of chemicals, hazardous to harmonise regulatory requirements chemicals and biocidal products. regarding chemicals and to ensure their Companies must submit authorisation Background consistent implementation across the applications for prioritised substances to The EU chemicals legislation consist of four European Union and the European ECHA, who delivers a scientific opinion. On Regulations which oversee the circulation Economic Area (EEA)94, in order to guarantee the basis of the Agency’s assessment of the of chemicals in the Internal Market while the free movement of substances within a risks and socio-economic consequences, guaranteeing the protection of humans and safe framework for human health and the the European Commission decides whether the environment: environment throughout the supply chain. or not to grant the authorisation. ECHA also

92. ECHA Multi-Annual Work Programme 2014-2018, p.9. 93. Treaty on European Union, Article 3. 94. The EEA includes Iceland, Lichtenstein and Norway, which are also part of the Internal Market. 95. ECHA Annual Report 2015, p.4. 105 manages the registration process, which Contribution to fostering innovation companies must document by providing and competitiveness in the EU the Agency with all the information on the ECHA also fosters innovation and substances they manufacture or import. competitiveness in the field of chemicals by Finally, ECHA evaluates the compliance of acting as a hub for building scientific and Easier access to registration dossiers, examines proposals regulatory capacity at EU level. It provides to test substances and, in cooperation specific support to small and medium information on with Member States, evaluates substances enterprises (SMEs), which are the bedrock 120,000 chemicals to see whether they represent a risk for of European growth, and allows companies human health or the environment. to protect confidential business information while complying with transparency ECHA maintains the world’s largest This aims to guarantee that sufficient requirements. regulatory database on chemicals. information is available, in order to ECHA is making this information more ensure that unacceptable risks from Contribution to Europe’s footprint accessible to the general public by chemicals are addressed at EU level while in the international regulation of using info cards. substances of very high concern (SVHCs) chemicals are controlled and progressively replaced The European Union benefits from the The infocards give a summary of the by safer alternatives96, thus maintaining a most ambitious chemicals legislation in key information on a chemical smooth functioning of the internal market the world. ECHA contributes to increasing substance in plain English. Users can and protecting European citizens and Europe’s footprint worldwide by sharing read about the chemicals they are environment. Classifications and labelling information and experience with the exposed to, where they are commonly also aim to inform consumers and workers increasing number of countries adopting used, whether they are hazardous on the safe manufacture and use of similar legislation. It collaborates with and the precautions that they might chemicals. industry and public authorities which are need to take. developing high standards akin to the Since EU legislation has assigned the European ones, especially in Australia, Sources responsibility to assess and manage risks Canada, and the United States. •• Regulation 1272/2008 (CLP) posed by chemicals to the industry, ECHA ECHA also promotes EU standards in •• Regulation 528/2012 (BPR) assists companies in complying with these the international trade of hazardous •• Regulation 649/2012 (PIC) obligations as well as in making safety chemicals by regulating their export by •• Treaty on European Union information available to users and workers. European companies to non-EU countries, •• ECHA Multi-Annual Work Programme The Agency also works with national submitting them to notification and consent 2014-2018 competent authorities to address identified requirements. It shares knowledge on how •• ECHA Annual Report 2015 concerns regarding safe use. to best ensure the safe storing, transport, •• ECHA Work Programme 2016 use and disposal in developing countries. ECHA also implements the Biocidal Products Regulation (BPR), which ensures that sufficient information about biocidal Cooperation with other agencies and products97 is available so that consumers bodies can use them safely. The BPR aims to ECHA cooperates closely with EFSA harmonise the market at Union level. The through information exchange and EU authorisation of biocidal products is cooperation on substances raising food coordinated by ECHA. safety concerns and with EMA so as to exchange the agencies’ scientific expertise without duplicating activities. ECHA also collaborates with EU-OSHA on the safe use of chemical substances by workers.

96. ECHA Multi-Annual Work Programme, p.15-16. 97. Biocidal products are “used to protect humans, animals, materials or articles against harmful organisms, like pests or bacteria”. See: http://echa.europa.eu/regulations/biocidal-products-regulation.

106 European Defence Agency

EDA

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER ENERGY COMMISSION INTERNAL UNION & A STRONGER PRIORITIES MARKET CLIMATE GLOBAL CHANGE ACTOR

roote defence reate a coetitie Euroean efence Promote EDA’s eelo defence Research and Euient Market and strengthen the Euroean armaments Functions caabilities echnology efence echnological and ndustrial ase cooperation

EDA’s Innovation and aability Strategic strengthening of Euroean Suort to oerations ider E olicies Enable cooeration deeloent Activities defence industry

The agency at a glance Capability development and armament • Remotely piloted aircraft systems • Type: Agency under the CSDP cooperation (RPAS): RPAS have both civil and • Foundation year: 2004 EDA works on improving military military applications (e.g. infrastructure • Location: Brussels, Belgium capabilities between Member States surveillance, firefighting, disaster or • Staff: 127 FTEs in 2016 through cooperation in order to cope environmental monitoring, border with the lack of European capabilities, control, etc.). The objective of this interoperability and cooperation to make programme is to have a common EDA has the mission to “support the EU a credible security provider that can approach to technical, regulatory and the Council and the Member defend its interests. operational aspects of RPAS and to States in their effort to improve integrate military drones in European the European Union’s defence EDA also supports Member States skies. capabilities for the Common in the joint procurement of military Security and Defence Policy”98 • Cyberdefence: military operations on assets to decrease costs and increase (CSDP). sea, air, land and in space are more and interoperability and harmonisation of their more dependent on cyberspace. The operational needs. objective is to promote cyber awareness Contribution to strengthening the EU’s and to encourage cooperation to develop position as a global actor in the world Among its portfolio of projects, the EDA is cyberdefence along common standards. As a Council Agency, EDA contributes to the working on four priority programmes for Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) capability development welcomed by the • Governmental Satellite and in particular to the CSDP through European Council in 2013: Communications are important for different types of actions and programmes both civil and military operations and • Air-to-air refuelling: the main purpose in diverse domains in which Member States missions (e.g. diplomatic communication, of this programme is to facilitate and decide to participate or not depending on humanitarian and emergency response, support the pooled acquisition of tanker their national priorities. The Agency works security). EDA supports cooperation on aircraft for European air forces that will in the fields of capability development, the development of a future satellite enable sustained air combat operations research and technology, armament communication capability with various (the EU is nowadays very dependent on cooperation and related industrial matters. types of industrial and institutional American capabilities). partners.

98. The European Defence Agency at a glance, p. 1.

107 “A sustainable, innovative Commission and Member States in setting Cooperation with other agencies and up the Preparatory Action on defence bodies and competitive European research by 2017. Moreover, EDA reinforces SatCen: EDA has been cooperating with defence industry is the European defence technological and SatCen since its inception on several industrial base. For example, it supports important projects necessitating geospatial essential for Europe’s SMEs to gain access to European Structural information for defence purposes. They strategic autonomy and and Investment Funds. also contribute together to the Space Situational Awareness programme and for a credible CSDP. It can Contribution to a cleaner and more other projects or studies related to also stimulate growth and efficient energy maritime surveillance, Big Data exploitation EDA launched a cross-cutting energy in the space and security domain, jobs. A solid European and environment programme that spans cyberdefence, etc. In July 2016, that defence, technological capability, armaments and research and cooperation was formalized and further technology aspects. It focuses among strengthened through an exchange of letter and industrial base others on energy efficiency, sustainable between the two agencies. needs a fair, functioning energy and alternative energy sources. It tackles for example the issue of reduction Frontex: EDA is involved in the and transparent internal of fuel and energy consumption by implementation of the EU Maritime Security market, security of supply, deployed forces, and works toward the Strategy, for example in connecting national development of alternative energy facilities maritime surveillance information systems. and a structured dialogue at military sites. It also aims at assessing Such projects have both military and civil with defence relevant the impact of new technologies and future applications. energy policies on defence capability in industries. Furthermore, order to design strategies in consequence. EASA: EDA cooperates closely with EASA ensuring participation Together with the European Commission, in its efforts towards the harmonisation of it also organises a Consultation Forum certification procedures for military aviation of small and medium on sustainable energy in the defence and safety (Military Airworthiness regulations), sized enterprises (SMEs) security sector. that are nowadays national. in the defence sector ESA: EDA collaborates with the European can improve innovation Space Agency (ESA) in a wide range of activities related to space-based and investment in the assets: satellite communication, earth military technologies of Preparatory Action observation, RPAS command and control, as well as protection of space and ground 99 for CSDP-related tomorrow.” infrastructure. research Global Strategy for the EU’s Foreign and SESAR JU: EDA plays an important role in Security Policy, June 2016 facilitating coordination between Member The EDA is involved in preparations States and international organisations (such Furthermore, EDA also works on other for the launch of the Commission’s as Eurocontrol and NATO) with the SESAR programmes where it seeks to enhance so-called ‘Preparatory Action’ (PA) on Joint Undertaking in order to integrate the cooperation between European Member defence research in 2017. Whereas military dimension into the management of States, such as countering improvised today’s EU multiannual research sky air traffic. explosive devices, harmonisation of programme (Horizon 2020) is ammunition qualification, training and exclusively dedicated to ECHA: EDA is working with the European exercises, and support to operations. civilian-focused research, the PA is Chemicals Agency (ECHA) and Member meant to test defence research States in establishingharmonised standards Contribution to innovation and to implementation and funding within for mitigating the impact of REACH100 by more competitiveness in the internal an EU framework with the aim of introducing exemptions where necessary in market. Research & Technology and having it fully integrated in the the interests of defence. industrial matters European Union’s next multiannual EDA stimulates greater innovation in framework (2021-2027). In the run-up European defence industry, which has to the PA, the EDA is currently Sources been under severe financial strain in managing and implementing (on •• EDA’s website, www.eda.europa.eu recent years. It promotes dual use (i.e. civil behalf of the Commission) a Pilot •• EDA Annual Report 2015 and military) research and technologies Project for defence research which •• EDA’s brochure “Together for a stronger in the field of security and defence. EDA was launched in March 2016 (call for Europe” manages many research programmes proposals) and through which grant •• Shared Vision, Common Action: A and projects, enabling cooperation and agreements worth almost €1.4 million Stronger Europe, A Global Strategy for the synergies for Member States. In particular, are awarded for two defence European Union’s Foreign And Security the Agency implements the Pilot Project technological projects and one R&D Policy, June 2016 for defence research on behalf of the project. European Commission and supports the

99. Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe, A Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign And Security Policy, June 2016, p. 46. 108 100. The European Regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) lays the ground for a system of registration of chemical substances within the Union. Chemicals and their intended use have to be reported to the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) by their producers or importers. EEA European Environment Agency

fi

EEA

EU 2020 SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH PILLARS

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING AREAS OF EU INNOVATION TRAINING, EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER UNION OF ENERGY UNION COMMISSION JOBS, GROWTH DEMOCRATIC & CLIMATE & INVESTMENT PRIORITIES CHANGE CHANGE

EEA’s roide knoledge on the driers ssess the transforations Facilitate knoledgesharing Strategic and eected iacts of needed in the transition towards on the environment and Objectives enironental olicies long- ter sustainability cliate change

EEA’s ollection and analysis of nforing citiens about ssisting enironental Monitoring and assessment Strategic data on the state of the the state of the olicyaking by roiding of enironental easures Activities environment across the EU inforation environment

The agency at a glance States102. As climate change is becoming energy and transport, vulnerability and • Type: Decentralised EU Agency an increasingly salient issue, the Union has adaptation. Every five years, it publishes • Foundation year: 1993 set long-term objectives for the protection a comprehensive assessment of the • Location: Copenhagen, Denmark of its resources and of its citizens from the European environment’s state, trends and • Staff: 205 FTEs (AWP 2016) climate change-related threats. Through prospects. This data and assessments thematic and cross-sectoral policies, the EU constitute a sound basis on which to lay EEA’s mission is to provide EU is striving to achieve its long-term vision of the ground for the Union’s environmental 103 Institutions and Member States “living well within the limits of the planet” . policy. with “objective, reliable and This means ensuring the sustainability of comparable information at the European development and a balanced “The Agency will map European level enabling them to growth model for current and future take the requisite measures to generations. out the essential protect the environment, to assess transformations needed the results of such measures Contribution to a resilient Energy and to ensure that the public is Union with a forward-looking climate to help Europe make properly informed about the state change policy the transition to an of the environment, and to that EEA supports the effort for sustainable end, the necessary technical and development by providing EU and national environmentally, socially, scientific support”101. decision-makers with the necessary and economically information to shape, implement and 104 assess environmental policies, on the basis sustainable society.” Background of the precautionary principle. It produces Protecting the environment and ensuring indicators and reports in the fields of sustainable development are fundamental climate change mitigation and impacts, fi objectives of the Union and its Member

101. Regulation (EC) 401/2009, Article 1. 102. Treaty on European Union, Article 3.3. 103. 7th General Union Environment Action Programme to 2020. 109 104. EEA Multi-Annual Work Programme 2014-2018, p.5. The Agency contributes to achieving the information, the Union takes major steps EU’s emissions reduction and biodiversity to achieve the objective of limiting the targets in order to move towards a low temperature increase. The Agency also carbon, resource efficient and climate exchanges knowledge with international resilient economy by 2050. It is particularly organisations such as the Organisation for Using modern useful for providing information on how to Economic Co-operation and Development, enhance emission reductions across sectors the International Energy Agency, the information and such as energy and transport and promote United Nations. The Agency supports communication the development of renewable energy in EU engagement in international fora the Union’s energy mix. The EEA contributes with the information necessary to push technologies (ICT) to building a resilient Energy Union with for sustainable environmental policy for environmental assessments on greenhouse gas emissions, developments, such as at the COP21 renewable energy and energy efficiency. conference on climate change. Finally, it observation and contributes to expertise and capacity- reporting Contribution to jobs, growth and building in the European neighbourhood. investment EEA acts at the interface between science Contribution to a Union of Democratic EEA cooperates with the European and policy: it provides policy-makers Change Space Agency (ESA) in the field with knowledge based on the latest Communicating to citizens about the state of Earth observation and the environmental information for them to and outlook of their environment helps environment for scientific expertise best shape and implement policies geared raising awareness about threats and best and technical information exchange, towards sustainable development. Using ways to overcome them. By publishing thus allowing for better data access. research and innovation to lay the grounds data and assessments, EEA contributes to For instance, the Sentinel-2A satellite for Europe’s transition towards its long-term policy-makers’ transparency efforts and is provides data for the Copernicus sustainability objectives is paramount to the committed to informing citizens, thereby Land Monitoring Service, which Smart Growth branch of the Europe 2020 thriving for a Union of Democratic Change. provides information on land cover Strategy. and land change use, as well as on Cooperation with other agencies and changes in the vegetation and water Measures analysed by EEA have a direct bodies cycle. impact on sustainable development, EEA works on environmental issues in particular those aiming at the with ECDC and ECHA. EEA’s networking EEA also uses ICT for environmental implementation of the circular economy, activities mainly take place through the reporting: 89 regular data flows resource efficiency and waste management European environment information and cover a wide range of the EU and prevention. These contributions also lay environment acquis. They provide the basis for the Resource Efficient Europe observation network (Eionet), which modern reporting tools and and Innovation Union priorities of the constitutes the framework for collaboration increasingly automated data Europe 2020 Strategy. Further exploiting the with the national contact points of EEA’s 33 integration for public and private potential of green energy is key to enhancing EU member and third countries. actors. the EU economy’s competitiveness by providing secure, affordable and sustainable Sources energy to citizens and companies. Making •• Regulation (EC) 401/2009 on the economic development less dependent on European Environment Agency and the non-renewable energy and resources also European Environment Information and reinforces the economy’s resilience to risks. Observation Network •• Treaty on European Union Contribution to the European •• 7th General Union Environment Action footprint’s on sustainable development Programme to 2020 worldwide •• EEA Multi-Annual Work Programme 2014- The Union is the world’s leading actor 2018 in the fight against climate change. •• EEA Annual Report 2015 Based on EEA monitoring, expertise and •• EEA Work Programme 2016

110 EFCA European Fisheries Control Agency

EFCA contributes to the implementation of the control legislation of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). It also reinforces the European Union’s stance as a global actor in the field of fisheries by dealing with the international dimension of the CFP.

EFCA

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER COMMISSION INTERNAL PRIORITIES MARKET

EFCA’s Support of Commission and Member Coordination of fisheries control International dimension of Strategic States in the monitoring, control and inspection by Member States the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) Objectives and surveillance of the CFP

EFCA’s Assistance to the Commission Support in the common Support the international Strategic and Member States for the Data monitoring and networks implementation of a level- dimension of the CFP and the Activities implementation of the CFP playing field fight against IUU activities

The agency at a glance The conservation of marine biological In practice, the agency helps Member • Type: Decentralised EU Agency resources under the CFP is an exclusive States comply with existing measures by • Foundation year: 2005 competence of the Union under the coordinating and enhancing control and • Location: Vigo, Lisbon Treaty106. The CFP foresees the inspection. It also provides trainings and • Staff: 61 FTEs (AWP 2016) environmentally sustainable management maintains data and systems on fisheries. of fisheries by ensuring the traceability, Its activities encompasses in particular on security and quality of products sold in compliance with the “landing obligation” EFCA’s mission is “to organise the internal market. It also contributes laid down in the CFP, which entails landing operational coordination of to the social sustainability of fishing and all catches of species subject to catch limits fisheries control and inspection aquaculture in Europe by establishing fair and minimum sizes made in EU waters or activities by the Member States living standards in the fisheries sector, by Union fishing vessels. This requirement and to assist them to cooperate so stable markets and ensuring the availability is meant to reduce the levels of unwanted as to comply with the rules of the of food supply at reasonable prices107. catches and discards, which threaten Common EU Fisheries Policy (CFP) both marine ecosystems and the financial in order to ensure its effective and Contribution to a deeper and fairer viability of fisheries108. uniform application”105. Internal market EFCA contributes to the efficient EFCA contributes to creating a level Background implementation of conservation and playing field in which all fishers can live The CFP aims at regulating fishing so as to management measures within this from their activity, which stimulates the protect marine biological resources and to framework by coordinating fisheries control competitiveness and Smart Growth within create a level playing field for all actors of activities at national level and by supporting the internal market. the fishing industry. the Commission and Member States the EFCA also participates in the protection monitoring, control and surveillance of of the marine environment and the fisheries in line with the CFP guidelines. sustainable management of commercially exploited fish species. It thus promotes Sustainable Growth in Europe.

105. Council Regulation (EC) 768/2005 establishing A Community Fisheries Control Agency, Article 1. 106. Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Article 3.1. 107. Regulation (EU) 1380/2013 on the Common Fisheries Policy, Recital (4). 108. Regulation (EU) 1380/2013 on the Common Fisheries Policy, Recital (23). 111 “With EFCA’s support, the European Union is much better prepared to reduce unwanted catches for the EFCA’s achievements years ahead.” in 2015:

Reinhard Priebe, • 17000 coordinated inspections; 109 Chair of EFCA’s Administrative Board • 703 suspected Infringements detected; Contribution to the global presence of • 38 training events involving 12% of the Union in the field of fisheries the Union Inspectors; The work of EFCA is also geared towards • 21 million Vessel Monitoring System supporting the EU’s role as a global actor (VMS) positions received and through the international dimension of processed; the CFP. It assists the Union with carrying • 6.500 catch certificates and out its international obligations relating supporting documents analysed; to control and inspection by assisting the • Budget execution: 99.6%; Union and Member States in their relations • 100% of the Staff establishment plan with third countries and international filled. fisheries organisations. It also cooperates with the competent authorities of third countries in monitoring and compliance Sources with international fishing rules. By doing •• Council Regulation (EC) 768/2005 so, it ensures the EU’s presence in the establishing a Community Fisheries international fisheries arena, thereby Control Agency pushing for the adoption of Europe’s high •• Treaty on the Functioning of the European standards at the international level. Union •• Regulation (EU) 1380/2013 on the In particular, EFCA assists the Member Common Fisheries Policy States and the European Commission in •• Regulation (EU) 2015/812 the fight against illegal, unreported and •• EFCA Annual Report 2015 unregulated (IUU) fishing, which is key in •• EFCA Work Programme 2016 the protection of global marine resources •• EFCA Multi-Annual Work Programme in a sustainable perspective, in line with 2016-2020 EU long-term objectives of environmental preservation.

Cooperation with other agencies and bodies EFCA collaborates with Frontex and EMSA on the establishment of a European Border and Coast Guard capacity. This structure was introduced in December 2015 to better protect the EU’s external borders by joining management efforts at EU level. In practice, the three agencies regularly exchange information regarding operational activities, share best practices and technological developments in the field of maritime surveillance.

109. EFCA Multi-Annual Work Programme 2016-2020, p.8.

112 EFSA European Food Safety Authority

EFSA contributes to ensuring the safety of food and feed products sold in the internal market, by assessing risks and delivering opinions based on scientific data. By informing decision-makers and consumers, EFSA helps protect the health of EU citizens, while reinforcing the functioning of the internal market and supporting EU industry in the remit of its activities. Through its cooperation with health and food safety organisations world-wide, the Agency also contributes to the advancement of science and knowledge on food safety issues. EFSA therefore promotes Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth in Europe through increased consumer health protection.

EFSA

EU 2020 SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH PILLARS

LEVEL OF EU EUROPE IN THE WORLD ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER COMMISSION INTERNAL PRIORITIES MARKET

EFSA’s Prepare for future Prioritise public and Widen evidence base Build the EU’s scientific Create an environment Strategic risk assessment stakeholder engagement and optimise access to assessment capacity and culture that reflects Objectives its data challenges EFSA’s values

EFSA’s Promote dialogue, ensure Strengthen cooperation, Methodology hub, Culture of openness, innovation, Open Data system, Strategic messages are clear and growth of EU Risk Assessment strengthen EFSA’s cooperation, independence, data sharing, etc. Activities usable, etc. community, etc. resilience scientific excellence

The agency at a glance advice on a wide range of issues such “The advice that EFSA • Type: Decentralised EU Agency as Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy • Foundation year: 2002 (BSE), Salmonella, food additives such as provides to risk managers • Location: Parma, Italy aspartame, allergenic food ingredients, underpins the laws and • Staff: 447 FTEs (AWP 2016) genetically modified organisms (GMOs), pesticides, and animal health issues such regulations of the EU, as as avian influenza. EFSA is committed EFSA’s mission is to “provide well as evolving policy to safeguarding the independence of its scientific advice and scientific experts, methods and data from any undue priorities and needs, and technical support for the external influence and to communicating Community’s legislation and to protect European openly and transparently about its work. policies in all fields which have a consumers from food- direct or indirect impact on food Contribution to a deeper and fairer and feed safety. It shall provide related risks – from field internal market independent information on all 113 EFSA empowers European consumers by and factory to fork.” matters within these fields and providing information on food and feed communicate on risks”.110 EFSA collects and analyses data and safety, animal health and welfare, nutrition, scientific literature to assess risks related plant protection and health, which allows to food and feed safety. It provides risk Background them to make informed consumption managers at EU and Member States levels EFSA was set up following a series of food choices, in line with the requirements of with independent scientific advice on food crises in the late 1990s to be a source of the EU Food Law111. The agency therefore and feed safety, animal health and welfare, scientific advice and communication on contributes to the well-being of citizens, a plant health, nutrition and GMOs. Its risks associated with the food chain. Since fundamental EU objective112. independent scientific advice serves as a it was set up, EFSA has delivered scientific basis for timely, well-informed and coherent

110. Regulation (EC) No 178/2002, Article 22. 111. The EU Food Law “provides the basis for a high level of protection of human health and consumers’ interest in relation to food […] whilst ensuring the effective functioning of the internal market”. See Regulation (EC) No 178/2002, Article 1.1. 112. Treaty on European Union, Article 3.1. 113. EFSA Strategy 2020, p. 7. 113 decision-making by risk managers at EU and EFSA believes that the totality of food safety Member States level. EFSA communicates expertise in Europe and internationally is with the public on risks to food and greater than the sum of its individual parts. feed safety in order to further improve consumer protection through better EFSA’s scientific support extends to EFTA Pesticides and bees: understanding and awareness-raising. and EU accession countries which have to directly transpose and implement EU food the EFSA effect EFSA’s actions create the conditions safety regulations to have access to the EU to guarantee that food placed on the common market. Bees are critically important European market is safe and provides in the environment, sustaining independent advice on contentious issues Cooperation with other agencies and biodiversity by providing essential such as GMOs, pesticides, additives bodies pollination for a wide range of and contaminants. This enables the EFSA collaborates closely with ECDC, crops and wild plants. The Food adoption of common standards and ECHA, EMA and EEA in order to harmonise and Agriculture Organization of the measures at EU level, which is a necessary and rationalise risk assessment at EU level. United Nations estimates that of condition to ensure the free movement the 100 crop species that provide of food and feed across Member States. EFSA also works closely with EU Member 90% of food worldwide, 71 are Preventing fragmentation reinforces the States, European Neighbourhood countries pollinated by bees. Amid growing EU internal market, which is paramount to and international food safety actors on concern over declining honeybee sustainability and growth. streamlining methodologies, prioritising numbers, EFSA was asked by the research needs and avoiding duplication European Commission to assess Moreover, EFSA supports the EU industry of work. It cooperates with all stakeholders the specific risks to bees posed by in the remit of it activities by improving involved in food and feed safety, from neonicotinoids, a group of widely upon competitiveness and promoting new consumers groups to academia, from used systemic pesticides. employment opportunities. It does so farmers and distributors to international both directly, e.g. by safeguarding public organisations and third countries. EFSA performed risk assessments health, and indirectly, e.g. by strengthening on three substances ¬– consumer confidence in the food safety Sources clothianidin, imidacloprid and system. •• Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 thiamethoxam – and concluded •• Treaty on European Union that all three posed acute or Contribution to the European footprint •• EFSA Annual Report 2014 chronic risks to bees. As a result on worldwide food safety standards •• EFSA Programming Document of EFSA’s conclusions, in 2013 the Thanks to EFSA’s work, the EU enjoys some of 2016-2018 European Commission imposed the highest food safety standards in the world. •• EFSA Strategy 2020 restrictions on their use across the This means that products shall not be sold on European Union. the internal market until it has been proven that they do not present risks for human and EFSA is also leading a major animal health. The Union is also one of the long-term project to assess major global food and feed traders. the way that other «stressors » EFSA works together and exchanges ¬– such as parasites, pathogens knowledge with food safety experts in the and malnutrition – interact with EU and globally to ensure excellence and pesticides to affect bees. efficiency and to maximise the available risk assessment capacity and potential.

114 EIGE European Institute for Gender Equality

Through its actions towards the promotion of equality between women and men, EIGE contributes to different aspects of the Single Market that can bring Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth as defined in the Europe 2020 Strategy: a more equal inclusion of women in economic and political life, which also goes through education and skills, impacts Europe’s competitiveness, allows to reach employment targets and prevents both women and men from falling into poverty. EIGE works towards ensuring dignified life, free of gender-based violence.

EIGE

EU 2020 SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH PILLARS

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER JUSTICE & COMMISSION FUNDAMENTAL PRIORITIES RIGHTS

EIGE’s Timely, innovative communications Promote gender Provide high quality research strategic that meet the targeted needs of key mainstreaming in all policy and data objectives stakeholders areas

Identify gender equality challenges and Identify and fill the gaps in the availability Foster relevant stakeholders’ awareness EIGE’s Process and disseminate newly found Strategic gaps through the provision of reliable of reliable and valid information and of the tools developed to support gender knowledge and existing resources Activities and comparable data data on gender-based violence mainstreaming

The agency at a glance “EIGE has an important To carry out its mission, EIGE collects • Type: Decentralised Agency analyses and disseminates objective, • Foundation year: 2010 mission to fulfil, and even reliable and comparable information and • Location: Vilnius, Lithuania more so today with the data to support policy-makers and other • Staff: 43 FTEs (AWP 2016) stakeholders in the decision-making current challenges facing process in order to achieve gender equality. EIGE communicates the results of its EIGE’s mission is to “become the Europe. From the impacts research, spreads knowledge and raises European knowledge centre on of the financial crisis to awareness on gender equality through gender equality”114. increasing migration different channels such as its Newsletter and publications, but also social media, Contribution to the area of Justice and challenges, internal workshops, seminars and campaigns. Fundamental Rights security concerns and EIGE works on the area of freedom, EIGE has published a Gender Equality security and justice and contributes to rising intolerance and Index revealing that in all areas covered as well as promotes gender equality and discrimination, it is more by the analysis – i.e. work, power, time, gender mainstreaming (i.e. incorporation of knowledge, money, and health; there is still gender considerations in all policy-making important than ever that discrimination against women116. processes) in all EU policies and subsequent the response to these Member States’ policies. Equality between men and women challenges takes into represents a fundamental value of the Moreover, it supports the EU Institutions, consideration a gendered EU. EIGE strives to make it a reality especially the European Commission, as for all Europeans, and even beyond. 115 well as Member States in raising citizens’ approach.” This has impacts on the whole Single awareness on gender equality issues. Market, on aspects such as education, Virginija Langbakk, EIGE Director competitiveness, employment, skills and

114. EIGE 2016-2018 Single Programming Document, p. 7. 115. EIGE Consolidated Annual Activity Report 2015, p. 7. 116. EIGE 2016-2018 Single Programming Document, p. 8. 115 the fight against poverty. The contribution Sources of gender equality to improve those •• EIGE 2016-1018 Single Programming different aspects is intertwined. Although Document European women are on average better •• EIGE Consolidated Annual Activity Report educated than men, they comparatively Gender Equality 2015 occupy less influential or power positions •• External Evaluation of the European in politics or in the economy. The utilisation Index Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE/2014/ of women’s talents and their contribution OPER/01) to the political and economic life or to any EIGE’s Gender Equality Index other decision-making area are therefore measures gender gaps in and across of paramount importance for Europe to all 28 EU Member States. It was remain competitive and for European launched in 2013 and two years later, economic well-being. Women’s engagement was further revised to include a time in the economy is also crucial to meet series that measured progress in Europe 2020 Strategy’s employment gender equality in the EU from 2005 goals, hence bringing economic growth. to 2012. Moreover, increasing women’s economic independence will also contribute to This unique measurement tool reducing poverty. supports evidence-based policy- making and indicates where EIGE furthermore focuses on other related political priorities should be topics such as the eradication of violence shifted to accelerate the process of against women. achieving a gender-equal Europe and the objectives of the Europe Cooperation with other agencies and 2020 Strategy, such as the target bodies employment rate of 75% overall for EIGE is part of the Justice and Home Affairs women and men. Agencies’ network, and collaborates in particular with FRA regarding the topics of The Index has become increasingly violence against women, migrant and Roma significant in the past years as some populations for the Gender Equality Index. Member States have adopted it It also cooperates with other EU agencies, as their standard monitoring tool such as: within their national or regional • Eurofound in the domain of the Gender statistical systems (e.g. Ireland, Equality Index; Estonia, Luxembourg and the • EU-OSHA in order to fill the information Basque ). or data gaps relative to gender risks in occupational safety and health. EIGE’s Gender Statistics Database which contains the data used to EIGE also works together with the EU calculate the Index is a useful tool Institutions and other EU bodies such that can help with monitoring as the European Economic and Social the progress of the Europe 2020 Committee, the Committee of the Regions Strategy. The database contains a and . EIGE collaborates with specific entry point for the Strategy national equality bodies and international and lists the different indicators that organisations such as the Council of measure the targets, such as the Europe, the OSCE, UN Women and OECD to tertiary education rate, broken down avoid overlaps and foster synergies where by sex and age group (30 -34). appropriate.

116 EIOPA European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority

EIOPA contributes to Sustainable Growth through its actions towards an efficient functioning of the Single Market, by enhancing supervisory convergence, reinforcing preventive consumer protection as well as by preserving financial stability.

EIOPA

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION TRAINING, EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER COMMISSION INTERNAL PRIORITIES MARKET

EIOPA’s Transparent markets Stable financial Consumer Strategic system and financial protection Objectives products

EIOPA’s Improve the functioning of the Strengthen the financial Strengthen the protection Strategic EU internal market in the field of stability of the insurance of consumers Activities pensions and insurance and occupational pensions sectors

The agency at a glance Restoring and maintaining a stable and and supervisory activities in order to make • Type: Decentralised EU Agency reliable financial system is therefore sure that insurance companies provide • Foundation year: 2011 a necessary condition to rebuild and consumers with quality products and • Location: Frankfurt, Germany preserve trust in the internal market, and services and with all the information they • Staff: 151 FTEs (AWP 2016) hence foster economic growth. need and can understand in order to make informed decisions. EIOPA aims at “strengthening Contribution to an efficient functioning European supervisory of the internal market 2. Improving the functioning of the arrangements with a view to EIOPA’s core responsibilities are to EU internal market in the field of better protect policyholders, enhance the financial system stability, pensions and insurance. This objective pension scheme members and to ensure the transparency of markets entails similar high standards of consumer beneficiaries and to rebuilt trust in and financial products and protect protection and supervision of the insurance the financial system”117 . consumers, i.e. policyholders and pension providers and a consistent application scheme members and beneficiaries. In of the regulation. EIOPA contributes order to achieve those objectives and to the development of a sound and Background contribute to the efficient functioning of prudent regulatory framework and to EIOPA was established in the aftermath of the internal market, EIOPA defined in Single its implementation across the EU, with the financial and economic crisis of 2007- Programming Document 2017-2019 four the purpose of achieving a common 2008, which revealed shortcomings in the strategic objectives: supervisory culture and consistent supervision of financial services institutions supervisory practices. Through for example due to a lack of cooperation, coordination 1. Strengthening the protection of the provision of trainings, participation in and trust between the national supervisors, consumers. EIOPA strives to ensure colleges and forums, the delivery of peer as well as an inconsistent application of transparency, simplicity, accessibility and reviews and bilateral visits and engagement EU law across Member States. The severe fairness across the internal market for with National Competent Authorities, EIOPA strain on the stability of the financial consumers in order to restore the lost promotes convergence in the application of system caused by the crisis also put at confidence. EIOPA carries out regulatory high quality supervision within Europe. risk the functioning of the internal market.

117. EIOPA Multi-Annual Work Programme 2015-2017, p. 3. 117 3. Strengthening the financial stability Cooperation with other agencies and of the insurance and occupational bodies pensions sectors. EIOPA continually EIOPA operates within the European monitors and assesses trends, potential System of Financial Supervision (ESFS) that risks and vulnerabilities in order to has the purpose of ensuring consistent A common European safeguard the stability of the financial and coherent micro- and macro-prudential system. The anticipation of risks and their financial supervision119 in the EU. Micro- supervisory culture: pro-active mitigation is crucial to facilitate prudential supervision is carried out by the EIOPA’s contribution and coordinate preventive supervisory three European Supervisory Authorities actions and further enhance consumer (ESAs) – i.e. the EIOPA, the European protection. Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) The European Insurance and and the European Banking Authority (EBA)– Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) has prepared Solvency II “We will continue to , the Joint Committee of the ESAs and the National Competent Authorities (NCAs). standards and guidelines, as well build a truly European Macro-prudential oversight is conducted as providing advice and calculating risk free interest rates. On 1 January supervisory culture that at the EU level by the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB) which comprises the 2016 Solvency II was implemented thanks to its risk-based European Central Bank (ECB), the national in all European Union countries. This is a huge step forward for forward-looking approach central banks, the ESAs and the European Commission. policyholder protection and the promotes financial insurance single market in the European Union. For EIOPA as well stability, mitigates possible The ESFS works towards an efficient functioning of the single market thanks to as for the insurance market this disruptions in the market a regulatory and supervisory framework day marked the beginning of a new journey, with the start of ensuring and ensures the similar that is applied equally across Europe. While the day-to-day supervision of the financial consistent and convergent level of protection for institutions mainly remains at national level, supervision across the European Union. With the momentum of insurance policyholders, the three ESAs bring EU-wide uniform rules and harmonise supervisory approaches this important milestone, EIOPA’s pension scheme members across the EU. The ESFS also cooperates main strategic focus shifted from regulation to building a common and beneficiaries as well with other supervisory authorities such as the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) European supervisory culture. as other consumers of towards the completion of a Banking Union. The advice to the European financial products.”118 Sources Commission on the development of a simple, standardised and Gabriel Bernardino, EIOPA Chair •• EIOPA Annual Report 2015 •• EIOPA Annual Work Programme 2016 fully transparent Pan-European Personal Pension Product 4. Acting as a responsible, competent •• EIOPA Single Programming Document (PEPP) is an important step and professional organisation. Following 2017-2019 forward in contributing to the the development of Solvency II regulation, •• EIOPA Multi-Annual Work Programme implementation of the European EIOPA is currently shifting from an 2015-2017 Union Capital Markets Union. organisation primarily providing regulatory services, to an organisation supporting Furthermore, EIOPA continues to quality supervision and convergence within place the protection of consumers the EU. This requires strong, efficient and and beneficiaries at its heart effective internal processes. by further enhancing and implementing a preventive, risk- based conduct of supervision.

118. EIOPA Annual Report 2015, p. 7. 119. The micro-prudential supervision is the supervision of individual institutions, while the macro-prudential supervision focuses on system-wide risks to financial stability.

118 EIT European Institute of Innovation and Technology

The EIT is dedicated to creating an environment conducive to innovation in Europe by encouraging the collaboration of higher education, research and business organisations within multidisciplinary, pan-European Knowledge and Innovation Communities (KICs). It thereby contributes to Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth through the long-term creation of jobs and skilled talents in a knowledge-based economy.

EIT

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY ENERGY LEARNING

JUNCKER JOBS, DIGITAL ENERGY COMMISSION INTERNAL GROWTH & SINGLE UNION & PRIORITIES MARKET CLIMATE INVESTMENT MARKET CHANGE

EIT’s Increase Europe’s Create the entrepreneurs of Reinforce the innovation Strategic sustainable growth and tomorrow and prepare for the next capacity of Member States Objectives competitiveness innovative breakthroughs

EIT’s EIT Raw Strategic Climate-KIC EIT Digital EIT InnoEnergy EIT Health Materials Activities

The agency at a glance innovation players in Europe. It aims to creating an environment conducive to • Type: Institute make the most of Europe’s extensive innovation and to its translation into • Foundation year: 2008 research base to turn innovative ideas marketable products and services. As • Location: Budapest, Hungary into new products and services, thereby a flagship initiative, the EIT, which is an • Staff: 58 FTEs (AWP 2016) strengthening the capacity to meet the integral part of Horizon 2020, the EU rapidly changing demands of consumers Framework Programme for Research and and contribute to making Europe a leading Innovation, seeks to facilitate the creation The EIT’s mission is “to contribute global innovation actor. of new business opportunities as well as to sustainable European economic foster innovation in existing companies. The growth and competitiveness The EIT brings together higher education, pillar of the EIT’s strategy is to enable the by reinforcing the innovation research and business actors – the three geographical and organisational mobility in capacity of the Member States sides of the “knowledge triangle” – within order to instil an entrepreneurial culture and the Community. It shall do Knowledge and Innovation Communities among all innovation actors. this by promoting and integrating (KICs). These partnerships constitute the higher education, research first EU-level ecosystems where human, The EIT is dedicated to creating this and innovation of the highest financial and physical resources are pooled change in mind-sets by setting up standards”120. to optimise research efforts and their education programmes geared towards prompt translation into breakthrough the development of entrepreneurship Background innovations in order to tackle specific and innovation skills. These programmes Innovation is a key driver of growth, societal challenges. are based on partnerships between competitiveness and social well-being, universities, companies and research which are fundamental objectives of the Contribution to a new boost for jobs, centres and offer international, cross-sector European Union121 and highly reliant on growth and investment experiences and applied innovation and knowledge. The EIT was therefore set up The EIT is a key initiative of the Innovation entrepreneurship education. to overcome the lack of geographical and Union, which aims to increase Europe’s cross-sectoral collaboration between global competitiveness and growth by

120. Regulation 294/2008, Article 3. 121. Treaty on European Union, Article 3. 119 Contribution to a connected Digital change adaptation and mitigation. It thus Single Market stimulates climate change entrepreneurship The EIT contributes to fostering European among students and professionals through innovation and entrepreneurship in the education activities that seek to foster the field of innovation and communication development of innovation conducive to Creating European technologies (ICT). EIT Digital, its ICT sustainable development. Knowledge and Innovation Community innovation hubs (KIC), are designed to support the The EIT also participates in the effort development of breakthrough ideas to develop sustainable energy through The EIT’s KICs are developing into and facilitate their placing on the market EIT InnoEnergy. This partnership aims thriving innovation hubs. Since by providing a place for students, to facilitate the development of climate- 2011, 32 innovation hotspots have entrepreneurs, SMEs, start-ups and related start-ups. The KIC’s strategy to been set up across Europe, with an business actors to meet, exchange ideas achieve sustainability entails reducing the already telling record: and turn them into marketable innovations. cost of energy in the value chain, increasing • Europe’s largest innovation energy security and reducing CO and other 2 network bringing together Creating such platforms for innovation in greenhouse gas emissions. This benefits more than 800 partners; the field of digitalisation fuels the dynamism citizens directly by encouraging the supply • 1141 business ideas incubated; of European start-ups and participates of cheap, secure and sustainable energy. • 205 start-ups created; in the development of ICT products The work of this KIC is complementary to • 558 knowledge transfers and and services. This contributes to the that of EIT Raw Materials, which aims to adoptions operated; establishment of an efficient and innovative develop a cost-efficient, secure, sustainable • 280 new or improved products Digital Single Market in the Union. supply and use of raw materials. and services created.

“What makes the EIT Contribution to a deeper and fairer Sources internal market with a strengthened •• Regulation (EC) No 294/2008 unique: its focus on industrial base •• Treaty on European Union education, giving talent By enabling turning ideas into new products •• Decision No 1312/2013/EU on the and services which meet the demands of Strategic Innovation Agenda of the EIT space to develop, and consumers, the EIT feeds the dynamism of •• EU Agencies working for you creating a culture of the EU internal market. It thereby ensures •• The EIT at a glance that research efforts and innovation match •• EIT Annual Activity Report 2015 entrepreneurship in ever-changing societal needs. •• EIT Triennial Work Programme 2016-2018 Europe.”122 •• EIT website Cooperation with other agencies and Tibor Navracsics, bodies for Education, As an integral part of Horizon2020, the EU Culture, Youth and Sport responsible for Framework Programme for Research and the EIT Innovation, the EIT cooperates closely with European bodies involved in innovation, Contribution to a resilient Energy namely the European Commission and in Union with a forward-looking climate particular the with change policy which the EIT has signed a Memorandum of Within its Climate-KIC, the EIT integrates Understanding to enhance cooperation. research efforts focusing on climate

122. See: https://eit.europa.eu/newsroom/europe%E2%80%99s-top-new-innovators-honoured-eit-awards, consulted on 19 August 2016..

120 EMA European Medicines Agency

EMA contributes to protecting citizens’ health in the Internal Market through the evaluation and supervision of medicinal products for humans and animals on the basis of robust scientific evidence. It also stimulates innovation and the competitiveness of the pharmaceutical industry by bringing scientific, regulatory and administrative support to the development of new, innovative medicines. The Agency encourages Smart and Sustainable Growth by creating an environment which places EU actors at the forefront of the medicine industry worldwide.

EMA

EU 2020 SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH PILLARS

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER JOBS, COMMISSION INTERNAL GROWTH & MARKET PRIORITIES INVESTMENT

EMA’s Strategic Protect human and animal health Objective

EMA’s Facilitate development and Evaluate applications for Monitor the safety of Provide information on human and Strategic access to medicines marketing authorisations medicines across their life cycle veterinary medicines to healthcare Activities professionals and patients

The agency at a glance EMA is responsible for the centralised more than one Member State, the same • Type: Decentralised EU Agency evaluation procedure which allows the regulatory action is taken across the Union • Foundation year: 1995 marketing of a medicine on the basis and patients and healthcare professionals • Location: London, United Kingdom of a single marketing authorisation in all Member States are provided with the • Staff: 890 FTEs (AWP 2016) which is valid throughout the Union. same guidance. Pharmaceutical companies submit a EMA’s mission is “to foster single authorisation application to EMA. This allows EU patients to benefit from scientific excellence in the The Agency then carries out a scientific scientific developments while the risks evaluation and supervision of assessment of the application and gives of harm inherent in any medicine are medicines, for the benefit of public a recommendation to the European minimised and managed. and animal health”123 Commission on whether or not to grant a marketing authorisation. Once granted by EMA has been a trailblazer for transparency the European Commission, the centralised in public health and pharmaceutical Contribution to a deeper and fairer marketing authorisation is valid in all research. The Agency publishes its Internal Market Member States and EEA countries. The use assessment report and has also started EMA evaluates, supervises and monitors of the centralised procedure is compulsory to publish the clinical data on which medicines developed for use by for most innovative medicines, including its recommendations for marketing patients in the European Union. Since medicines for rare diseases. authorisations for medicines for human its establishment in 1995 EMA has use are based on. This benefits patients, recommended approximately 1000 The safety of all medicines that are available healthcare professionals, academia and medicines to the European Commission on the European market is carefully industry. for a marketing authorisation for all EU monitored throughout their entire life span. Member States. Many of these medicines EMA coordinates the EU system of safety Contribution to jobs, growth and are innovative medicines, including monitoring, which connects all Member investment biotechnology products and cell- and gene States, the European Commission and The second pillar of EMA’s mission is therapy products. EMA in a close network. If there is a safety support to research and innovation, thus issue with a medicine that is authorised in contributing to the dynamism of innovation

123. EMA Annual Report 2015, p.4. 121 in the field of medicines in the Union. The importance in view of globalised supply Agency advises researchers and companies chains and the generation of clinical data on how to best comply with EU regulatory outside Europe. Information sharing and requirements and standards. EMA gives collaboration allow efficiency gains and scientific advice to developers of new also contribute to the convergence of Bringing significant medicines. This facilitates the translation of global medicines regulatory standards, in scientific research into new and innovative line with safety standards for European benefits to patients medicines that address the needs of consumers. In addition, EMA offers support European patients’. In particular, the such as training and capacity building to • In 2015, EMA recommended Agency provides active regulatory, financial countries with less developed regulatory 93 medicines for marketing and administrative support through its infrastructures, thus acting as a reference authorisation, which include SME office to small and medium-sized authority for medicines worldwide. 39 new active substances. enterprises – a major source of innovation These are substances that in the Union. Cooperation with other EU agencies have previously never been and bodies authorised in a medicine in the The Agency plays a leading role in creating Aside from its cooperation with national European Union. an environment that places the EU regulatory authorities within the European pharmaceutical industry at the forefront medicines regulatory network, EMA • Many of these medicines globally, thereby fostering Smart and collaborates closely with its partner EU represent therapeutic Sustainable Growth in Europe. agencies in related fields. innovations that can make a real difference to patients “The Agency [is] proactive •• Collaboration with ECDC encompasses suffering from serious conditions information and monitoring of vaccines, such as cancer, diabetes and and effective in its dual anti-microbial resistance and antiviral neurological diseases. role as gatekeeper, medicines; • Most of the noteworthy protecting patients from •• EMA exchanges information and works on risk communication with EFSA e.g. on therapeutic innovations in unsafe treatments, and the use of antibiotics in food-producing 2015 took place in the area of animals; cancer. Newly approved cancer enabler, facilitating the therapies deactivate ‘suppressive development of new and •• Collaboration with ECHA entails signals’ to kill cancer cells, use information exchange on the evaluation 124 monoclonal antibodies to direct innovative medicines.” and risk management of chemicals, the immune system towards especially for the establishment of cancer cells, modulate the Professor Guido Rasi, residue limits for biocides; activity of genes to treat multiple EMA Executive Director •• EMA and the EMCDDA collaborate in the myeloma or use a genetically engineered virus to kill cancer Contribution to Europe’s role in fields of psychoactive substances and cells. worldwide medicine regulation abuse of medicines; EMA, together with the European •• EMA also collaborates with the EEA on Commission and in close cooperation with issues of common interest. Sources Member States, works to forge ties with •• Regulation (EC) No 726/2004 establishing partner organisations around the world. a European medicines Agency These activities aim to foster the timely •• EMA Annual Report 2015 exchange of regulatory and scientific •• EMA Work Programme 2016 expertise and the development of best •• EMA website regulatory practices globally.

EMA has signed cooperation agreements with regulatory authorities (United States, Japan, Australia, Canada, Switzerland) and promotes EU standards across the world. International collaboration in the evaluation and monitoring of medicines is of utmost

124. EMA Annual Report, p.9.

122 European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

EMCDDA

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER JUSTICE & COMMISSION INTERNAL FUNDAMENTAL PRIORITIES MARKET RIGHTS

EMCDDA’s ounicating Early arning and Situation resonses Strategic evidence and threat assessment and trend analysis Objectives knoledge echange

EMCDDA’s Monitor the state of the drugs Monitor solutions to drug robles ssess the risk of ne sychoactie eelo tools and instruents to hel Meber strategic roble in Euroe including and roote and facilitate substances and aintain a raid States and the Euroean oission onitor tasks eerging trends and olydrug use echange of best ractices inforation syste on their use and ealuate nation and E drug olicies use olicies

The agency at a glance stakeholders, such as professionals and • The annual European Drug Report (EDR) • Type: Decentralised EU Agency practitioners, have an overview of the includes information on trends and • Foundation year: 1993 situation and tackle new areas of research. developments, statistics, overviews per • Location: Lisbon, Portugal In order to fulfil its mission, EMCDDA works country and specific analyses. • Staff: 102 FTEs (Aug. 2016) in three action areas. • The EU Drug Markets Report (EMDR), published every three years and 1. Communicating evidence and EMCDDA’s mission is to “provide elaborated together with Europol, tackles knowledge exchange the EU and its Member States with strategic and operational aspects of The main customers of EMCDDA’s a factual overview of European trends and developments of the drug information and data are the European drug problems and with a solid phenomenon. This report is published Parliament, the Council of the EU, the evidence base to support the drugs every three years. debate”125. European Commission, the European External Action Service, the Member States, • The European Drug Responses Report other EU agencies and international bodies (EDRR), also published every three years, Contribution to a safer and healthier and organisations. EMCDDA collects data focuses on the drug responses in the EU internal market and analyses it in order to disseminate it to and their effectiveness and formulates EMCDDA has the vision to contribute to a its customers which allows them to address recommendations for improvement. The safer and healthier Europe by working as a the drug phenomenon in an appropriate first edition will be published in 2017. European hub for drug-related information. way. In this respect, EMCDDA provides the EU and Next to these main reports, EMCDDA also Member States with independent evidence- EMCDDA carries out strategic and produces more focused analyses on e.g. a based information that enables decision situational analyses and assesses trends, specific emerging topic or a geographical and policy makers to better understand developments and threats of the drug use region. Moreover, EMCDDA also contributes drug issues and take appropriate action. in Europe. It produces different types of to the exchange of knowledge and best EMCDDDA’s objective, factual, reliable reports on the drug situation: practices, for example through trainings. and comparable data also help other

125. EMCDDA Strategy and work programme 2016-2018 – Annual work programme 2016, p. 4. 123 EMCDDA manages the European key epidemiological indicators covering information network on drugs and drug aspects such as the patterns of drug use, addiction (Reitox), which is also its main the number and profile of drug users data source. Built as a network of 30 requesting treatment, the number of National Focus Points (i.e. all EU countries, deaths or infectious diseases due to drug Cooperation between Norway and Turkey), Reitox allows EMCDDA use, etc. EMCDDA also covers the issue of to gather information on drugs and drug misuse of medicines. EMCDDA and Europol addiction, regulations and policies in force and responses, but also to broaden the In addition, EMCDDA performs work on the The EMCDDA and Europol implement exchange of knowledge through different response side to drug use in order to get a the EU Early Warning System (EWS) sectors such as health, justice and law better picture of treatment services in the on new psychoactive substances enforcement. EU, national estimates on treatment needs (NPS) since 1997, when it was and gaps between treatment systems in EU. established. Under the provisions 2. Early warning and threat assessment As far as drugs supply is concerned of the Council Decision 2005/387/ Another action area is the risk and trend EMCDDA performs data review on drug JHA on the information exchange, monitoring and threat assessment of seizures, market size and drug-related risk assessment and control of new new psychoactive substances (NPS). Over crimes. It reports on drug prices, purity psychoactive substances, the EU the last years, the NPS have increased in and contents. Another point of interest is EWS was strengthened and both terms of availability, sorts and number. the production facilities’ sites, on which agencies, in collaboration with their Those substances result in severe harms information is collected by Europol. respective networks, play a central and damages and even in death. In this role in detecting NPS, assessing their respect, EMCDDA focuses on pro-active Contribution to an area of justice and characteristics and paving the way data gathering by improving the Early fundamental rights for eventual control measures. They Warning System (EWS), hence enabling Through its work, EMCDDA plays also work closely together to actively early identification of emerging trends, an important role in justice and law monitor drug markets in Europe, developments and risks and allowing an enforcement for drug-related issues. to identify emerging threats and early response to it. EMCDDA implements In collaboration with CEPOL, Europol perform strategic analysis. Numerous the system together with Europol, and and Eurojust, it contributes to the fight joint reports are produced under with the active contribution of EMA and against cross-border crimes such as drug the Council Decision and in addition, the European Commission. The EWS trafficking. two editions of the EU Drug Markets includes the monitoring of serious adverse report have been produced in 2013 events in the framework of toxicovigilance Cooperation with other agencies and and 2016. Thanks to a combination and new policies, legislation and health bodies of EMCDDA’s drug monitoring and and social responses to NPS. It is a key EMCDDA is part of the Justice and Home analytical capacity and Europol’s element to enable the exchange of forensic Affairs Agencies’ network and from among operational intelligence on organised and toxicological analytical data, quick its members, it mainly collaborates with crime, this report provides and notifications and public health alerts on CEPOL, Eurojust and Europol, with the analysis of illicit drug market trends, NPS, as well as risks and illicit markets purpose of creating a safer Europe. For covering all aspects from production monitoring and analysis. Moreover, example, it cooperates with CEPOL on to trafficking, distribution and together with its partners (Europol, ECDC training matters; with Europol on emerging consumption. Illicit drugs remain one and EMA), EMCDDA also detects and trend analyses and on the EU Drug of the key threats to the EU’s security monitors emerging and new trends and Markets Report; and with Eurojust on drug and to the safety of its citizens. The threats in drug use and drug markets trafficking cases. latest report analysed the cost for using other different risk and information society and its numerous impacts assessment tools. EMCDDA works towards improving health in on e.g. the economy, individuals and Europe and collaborates in this respect with the environment, as well as its link 3. Situation, responses and trend ECDC on drug-related infectious diseases with other types of criminality and analysis evolution and epidemiology, and with EMA terrorism. EMCDDA’s monitoring activities focuses on regarding pharmacovigilance and misuse of the drug situation and the responses that medicines. are developed to address it, both as far as Sources the demand for and the supply of drugs are EMCDDA also works with international •• EMCDDA General Report of Activities concerned. partners such as the United Nations Office 2015 on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the •• EMCDDA Strategy and work programme In the area of drug demand, EMCDDA World Health Organization (WHO). 2016-2018 performs monitoring using well-established Annual work programme 2016

124 European Maritime Safety Agency

fi

EMSA

EU 2020 SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH PILLARS

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY ENERGY LEARNING

JUNCKER ENERGY COMMISSION INTERNAL UNION & PRIORITIES MARKET CLIMATE CHANGE

EMSA’s roiding technical and scientic assistance to the MS and the Monitoring the Improving coopera- roiding oerational assistance arrying out oerational rearedness Strategic E in the roer deeloent and ileentation of E ileentation of E tion with, and including deeloing anaging detection and response tasks with respect to legislation on aritie safety security reention of ollution legislation through between Member and maintaining maritime ollution caused by shis and arine ollution Objectives by shis and aritie transort adinistratie silication visits and inspections States in all key areas serices for shi onitoring by oil and gas installations

EMSA’s Maritie transort and sureillance Visits and inspections to roiding MS and the E ith technical and scientic ollution rearedness Strategic nforation on shis cargoes and onitor the ileentation assistance and facilitating technical cooeration detection and response Activities ship movements of E legislation beteen MS Maritie uthorities and ith the E

The agency at a glance finally created in 2002 and its mandate has and maintains different platforms and • Type: Decentralised EU Agency progressively been enlarged to encompass information systems for data exchange, • Foundation year: 2002 measures such as the efficiency of maritime e.g. SafeSeaNet, Long Range identification • Location: Lisbon, Portugal transport and quality shipping. and Tracking (LRIT) and THETIS, which can • Staff: 253 FTEs (AWP 2016) be used by the Member States’ maritime EMSA’s work currently articulates around authorities to monitor maritime traffic EMSA’s mission is to “ensure a four activity domains that contribute to and pollution and ensure enforcement of high, uniform, and effective level a safer, more efficient and greener Single relevant EU legislation. EMSA uses satellite of maritime safety, maritime Market. images, provided by the European Space security, prevention of, and Agency and other satellite operators, response to, pollution caused by Contribution to a safe and efficient to assist Member States with maritime ships as well as response to marine Internal Market and EU’s footprint in surveillance and pollution detection. pollution caused by oil and gas the world installations”126. 1. Maritime transport and surveillance EMSA also contributes to optimising the – Information on ships, cargoes and functioning of the Internal Market by ship movements supporting the creation of a European Background EMSA acts as a major provider of maritime transport space without barriers The idea of the creation of a regulatory information to EU maritime stakeholders and by enhancing maritime transport agency active in the field of maritime safety and, where appropriate, other logistics. In this respect, EMSA seeks to and prevention of pollution from ships communities. The Agency has developed harmonise and rationalise ship reporting dates back to the late 1990s. EMSA was

126. EMSA Consolidated Annual Activity Report 2015, p. 9. 125 documentation. It has developed the accidents are investigated within the EU. Contribution to an Energy Union and National Single Window, an electronic EMSA also provides harmonised training climate change solution to simplify administrative tools for Member States and technical 4. Pollution preparedness detection procedures for ship operators, masters advice to the Commission on port state and response and agents to report ship data only once control, ship safety, marine equipment, EMSA takes into account the environmental and make this information available to all maritime security, standards for seafarers, protection considerations when carrying relevant authorities. In addition, it provides classification societies. The portfolio of out its aforementioned activities (i.e. relevant data to Member States and other training and e-training tools is also available maritime transport monitoring and visits EU stakeholders with maritime related tasks to neighbouring countries, extending the and inspections). Moreover, EMSA provides through a growing portfolio of Integrated capacity building function to third-countries guidance to Member States and seeks Maritime Services and functionalities. Tailor- sharing an EU sea basin. to create a European level playing field made maritime information and situational in the implementation of environmental awareness is made available to support legislation and standards. For example, authorities with their respective activities EMSA contributes to the development in maritime safety, fisheries control, anti- of enforcement mechanisms for the piracy, border control and law enforcement. uniform implementation of the directive THETIS: Supporting aiming at reducing air pollution due to 2. Visits and inspections to monitor the the collective effort sulphur oxides. EMSA also supports the implementation of EU legislation European Commission in the monitoring of EMSA carries out visits and inspections to clear seas of greenhouse gas emissions from maritime related to maritime safety and pollution substandard shipping transport. prevention in EU and EFTA Member States since its creation. These visits provide Moreover, EMSA works on other the European Commission and EFTA To support Member States in ensuring environmental aspects such as the port Surveillance Authority with information the compliance of ships calling in reception facilities required to treat the on the extent to which the EU legislation their ports with EU and international different types of waste a ship can produce. objectives are concretely implemented, legislation, EMSA set up THETIS. and provide the visited Member States This database provided a targeting In addition, EMSA has developed an oil with an opportunity to give their point of mechanism for the selection of ships spill response capacity and can provide view on the effectiveness of EU legislation. for inspection, the recording and operational support to Member States Furthermore, EMSA conducts inspections sharing of the inspection results, and in case of pollution in any of the seas in third countries, related to the training of a fair sharing of the burden between surrounding the European Union. For this seafarers, and of Classification Societies authorities. purpose, EMSA has developed a network recognised in the EU, thereby enhancing of stand-by oil recovery vessels, specialised ship safety not only for EU registered Given its success, the system was depots with dedicated pollution response vessels, but in EU waters in general. extended into THETIS-EU, a single equipment and dispersants. Accidental platform to record and exchange spills and deliberate discharges can be Based on the results of the visits and information on compliance checks detected and monitored with the satellite- inspections conducted, EMSA carries out with the Sulphur Directive. This based detection and monitoring system horizontal analyses and research on the system facilitates Member States’ legal called CleanSeaNet, available to all EU effectiveness and cost-efficiency of the obligations, guarantees a high level Member States. provisions in force. of uniformity in inspection and fuel sampling to the industry and ensures Cooperation with other agencies and 3. Providing Member States and the collected information is shared bodies the Commission with technical and throughout the Union. EMSA has cooperation agreements with i.a. scientific assistance and facilitating Frontex, EFCA and EUNAVFOR Atalanta technical cooperation between THETIS-EU will be adapted further and Sophia. EMSA provides tailor-made Member States’ Maritime Authorities to provide a more efficient way of maritime information and situational and with the Commission identifying and selecting substandard awareness to support their respective EMSA assists the Commission and/or shipping that could pose a threat activities. Member States with the implementation to the marine environment and air of various European directives. For quality. It is already being equipped Sources example, regarding the directive related with new modules to support the •• EMSA Work Programme 2016 to accident investigation in the maritime implementation of regulations so •• EMSA Consolidated Annual Activity transport sector, the Agency supports that its 900 users will be able to Report 2015 Member States by providing EMCIP, a consult, record and exchange data on •• EMSA 5 year - Strategy platform to store accident investigation inspections, annual fuel consumption reports, thus gathering lessons learned and verifications while targeting and best practises, and through training vessels requiring inspection. with the objective of harmonising the way

126 European Union Agency for Network and Information Security

The EU Cybersecurity Agency fi fi

ENISA

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER DIGITAL JUSTICE AND COMMISSION INTERNAL SINGLE FUNDAMENTAL MARKET PRIORITIES MARKET RIGHTS

ENISA’s Eertise nticiate and suort olicy roote netork and aacity Suort Euroe in ounity Foster the eerging Strategic Euroe in facing eerging netork inforation security as an E aintaining stateoftheart Euroean netork and inforation and inforation security olicy riority netork and inforation security security counity Objectives challenges capacities

CSIRT ENISA’s ritical nfra CSIRT yber risis yber IoT and ational loud Security Data Incident Standards & yber rust Threat and tructures Network, Manage- Trainings Smart Strategic Big Data Education Protection Reporting certication Security Services Risk Services Services and ment nfrastruc- management Activities counities & Exercises tures Strategies es

The agency at a glance To rely upon a constantly evolving digital has been highlighted in the recent EU • Type: Decentralised EU Agency environment for all economic and societal political agenda – notably in the European • Foundation year: 2004 activities requires indeed proper practices, Cybersecurity Strategy (2013), the European • Location: Heraklion & Athens, Greece policies, organisations and capacities as far Cyberdefence Policy Framework (2014), • Staff: 84 FTEs (AWP 2016) as NIS is concerned. ENISA contributes to the European Digital Single Market (2015) this overarching objective, and thereby to and the Network and Information Security 128 ENISA’s mission is to “contribute a proper functioning of the internal market directive (2016) . to securing Europe’s information and ultimately economic growth. society by raising awareness Contribution to the proper functioning of network and information ENISA’s activity areas are threefold: the of the internal market and to the Digital security and to develop and Agency supports NIS policy making Single Market promote a culture of network and and implementation, it formulates ENISA is helping the Union and the Member information security in society for recommendations to its stakeholders, States to improve their capacity to prevent, the benefit of citizens, consumers, and carries out operational work. Through detect and deal with cybersecurity issues enterprises and public sector those three activities, it also brings together and incidents. Cybersecurity is essential for organisations in the Union”127 the NIS community. safeguarding trust in information systems and communication networks, and therefore ENISA works as a centre of expertise on for the smooth and efficient functioning Background cybersecurity in Europe and supports the of the internal market. A high level of ENISA was set up in order to raise EU Institutions, the Member States, the network and information security is also a awareness on network and information private sector and the citizens in achieving prerequisite of achieving a European Digital security (NIS) challenges within the EU. a high level of NIS, the importance of which Single Market that has the potential to create

127. ENISA Strategy 2016 – 2020, p. 6. 128. ENISA Strategy 2016 – 2020, p. 5. 127 hundreds of thousands of jobs and to foster exchange and implementation of existing The cybercrisis cooperation activities, economic growth. ENISA contributes to this good practices in addition to stimulating which include the pan European exercise by focusing on four strategic objectives: discussion on areas in which new (see insert: ‘success story’), provides an 1. Expertise – Anticipating and challenges are arising. excellent example of how ENISA fosters supporting Europe in facing emerging Last but not least, ENISA has been active increased cooperation by working together network and information security in supporting capacity building through a closely with stakeholder communities to challenges training program that is specifically targeted achieve common goals. ENISA collects, analyses and disseminates to the needs of the CSIRT community. information on cyber issues taking into Contribution to justice and account the current and new technologies 4. Community – Fostering the emerging fundamental rights and their implementation, such as smart European network and information Through its various aforementioned infrastructures (e.g. smart grids, cities, security community activities, ENISA also contributes to justice cars and airports), e-health, cloud and Big Simultaneously to its other objectives, and citizens’ fundamental rights. For Data. This enables the Agency to have a ENISA seeks to promote cooperation at example, through the organisation of the view on the future risks and threats and EU level regarding NIS-related topics. It annual European Cybersecurity Month, the to anticipate them – for example as far as fosters collaboration and dialogue between Agency reaches out to a large number of infrastructures, businesses and citizens’ different stakeholders – such as Member citizens in order to increase their knowledge private data are concerned. States, law enforcement and data privacy and skills on how to protect their digital communities, as well as the public and lives. Similarly, ENISA has delivered concrete 2. Policy – Promoting network and private sector in general. advice on dealing with data protection and information security as an EU policy privacy issues and is co-organiser of the priority Annual Privacy Forum (APF). ENISA plays an advisory role towards the EU Institutions and Member States regarding Cooperation with agencies and others the development and implementation of EU stakeholders laws. The Agency provides to the European Pan European ENISA organises joint workshops, trainings Institutions advice, preparatory work or and activities with Europol’s Cybercrime other analyses concerning existing or Exercises Centre (EC3) in order to raise awareness on new NIS policies and laws (e.g. regulations data protection and exchange knowledge, regarding breach notification and incident Cyber Europe exercises are expertise and information with law reporting in the context of Critical simulations of large-scale enforcement communities. Moreover, Information Infrastructure Protection cybersecurity incidents that Europol contributes with ENISA to the (CIIP)). ENISA also strives to promote the escalate to EU-wide cyber crises. organisation of the European Cybersecurity NIS aspects in all policies covering (directly The exercises offer opportunities Month. ENISA is also working together with or indirectly) digital aspects or the Digital to analyse advanced cybersecurity CEPOL as far as cybersecurity trainings are Single Market. Moreover, ENISA collaborates incidents but also to deal with concerned. with the Member States and other public complex business continuity and and private stakeholders in order to ensure crisis management situations. Moreover, ENISA collaborates with EBA and the proper implementation of the NIS the European Central Bank (ECB) regarding policies, according to an EU-wide approach. Cyber Europe exercises feature the adoption of secure cloud systems in the scenarios inspired by real-life finance sector. It also work with theEDA, 3. Capacity – Supporting Europe in events, developed by European GSA and eu-LISA and other EU Institutions maintaining state-of-the-art network cybersecurity experts. ENISA is or bodies such as the European Parliament, and information security capacities currently organising Cyber Europe the Internal Audit Service. ENISA helps Member States, the private 2016, which is the 4th exercise in the sector, EU Institutions and the citizens Cyber Europe series. Sources (through NIS promotion via different •• ENISA Annual Activity Report 2015 projects) enhance their cybersecurity Cyber Europe 2016 (CE2016) is the •• ENISA Strategy 2016-2020 knowledge, skills and competencies in order largest and most comprehensive •• ENISA working programme 2016 to make their networks more resilient and EU cyber-security exercise to date. secure. It is a multi-event cyber exercise that involves more than 500 cyber- The Agency plays a significant role in security professionals from 30 EU assisting member States in transposing the and EFTA countries and over 300 NIS Directive. In particular, as secretariat organisations. for the CSIRT network established under the Directive, ENISA actively promotes the

128 ERA European Union Agency for Railways

fi fi fi

ERA

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING AREAS OF EU INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY ACTION ENERGY LEARNING

JUNCKER ENERGY DIGITAL COMMISSION INTERNAL UNION & SINGLE MARKET CLIMATE PRIORITIES MARKET CHANGE – ERA’s Safety Euroe Competitiveness – Silication iroing Eciency Obectiity Enironent and Society lobal Reference Strategic becoing the orld rooting rail the eciency and optimising ERA ransarency improve economic fostering ERs leader in railay transport to enhance coherence of the railay caabilities monitoring and eciency and societal reutation in the Objectives safety its market share legal fraeork ealuation benets in railay orld

aronied Removing ERA’s Single E rain ontrol Silied ccess Approach to echnical Activities and ounication for ustoers Safety Barriers Syste

The agency at a glance the development of EU railway safety ERA’s mission is to “to contribute • Type: Decentralised EU Agency specifications and drives the change to a to the effective functioning of • Foundation year: 2004 pro-active EU railway safety culture with the SERA without frontiers, in • Location: Valenciennes, France common criteria, targets and methods. ERA particular by: 1) promoting a • Staff: 169 FTEs (AWP 2016) pays particular attention to ensuring an harmonised approach to railway enhanced safety performance monitoring safety, 2) devising the technical Background and to the development of a shared and legal framework in order ERA works in the framework of the understanding at EU level, based on the to enable removing technical European Commission’s White Paper on results of the Regulatory Monitoring Matrix. barriers, and acting as the System transport, the overarching objective of ERA will continue working with stakeholders Authority for the Single European which is to create the SERA. The final goal is to establish the risk acceptance criteria, in Train Control and Communication to enhance, at EU level, the competitiveness view of defining an acceptable level of risk System, 3) improving accessibility of rail in order to boost the modal shift for the technical systems. With the Fourth and use of railway system towards a more sustainable mode of Railway Package in force, it will also act as information, and by 4) acting as transport, a more efficient spending the One Stop Shop (OSS) for issuing EU the European Authority under of public money on rail, the opening of Single Safety Certificates. the 4th Railway Package issuing domestic rail passenger transport to vehicle authorisations and safety competition, and the removal of technical 2. Removing technical barriers certificates, while improving the and administrative barriers to encourage In a system where responsibilities have competitive position of the railway market entry. been historically shared between railway 129 sector”. undertakings, infrastructure managers 1. A harmonised approach to safety and national governments, ERA acts as In order to promote a safe use of rail the authority for all EU railway technical as a transport mode, ERA facilitates specifications for interoperability (TSIs) for

129. Strategic Vision for the European Union Agency for Railways, 2016, p.5. 129 vehicles, infrastructure and operations, that ensure transparency and equal access in cooperation with EU standardisation to documents for the railway stakeholders. organisations. This includes the monitoring For example, it enables them to check their of those national rules which are redundant vehicle status, the authorised types of with the TSIs and the gradual process of vehicles, or verify the compatibility of their ERA acting as a One their “cleaning up”, for the benefit of the trains with the different routes. final customers. In order to make the vehicle Stop Shop for issuing authorisation process more effective, ERA Contribution to an efficient Internal EU Single Safety proposes a harmonised accreditation Market scheme for the notified bodies in charge By removing the technical and operational Certificates with the technical checks. With the Fourth barriers in the railway system, by fostering

Railway Package in force, ERA will also act harmonisation and standardisation, as well ERA acting as a One Stop Shop as the One Stop Shop for issuing EU vehicle as by providing more effective certification for vehicle authorisations, safety authorisations. and authorisation processes, ERA is certifications and approval of ERTMS supporting the competitiveness of rail. Its Trackside technical solutions. 3. A single EU train control and position as regards internationalisation As part of the implementation communication system (ERTMS) matters is also crucial for ensuring a of the Fourth Railway Package ERA acts as the de facto system authority competitive EU position in the global adopted in 2016, ERA is developing for the harmonized ERTMS specifications market. a One Stop Shop (OSS) functionality and for their coherent implementation for all applications for vehicle in the railway system. With the Fourth Contribution to Energy Union and authorisations, for single safety Railway Package in force, it will assume the climate change certificates and for the approval system authority role formally, also with a By improving rail competitiveness and of technical solutions of ERTMS specific role in the process leading to the interoperability, ERA seeks to foster a shift Trackside projects at EU level. For authorisation of ERTMS implementation towards a more environmentally friendly the applicants, OSS will be the single projects. Building on the successful delivery and sustainable mode of transport. entry point where they will submit the of the European Train Control System Moreover, as part of its regulatory work, ERA application files as well as the source (ETCS) baseline 3, of the Global System for fosters harmonisation concerning notably of information on the stages and the Mobile communications - Railways (GSM-R) energy efficiency and other environmental outcomes of their applications. specifications and of the harmonized aspects, such as noise of rail wagons. In concrete terms, from June 2019, a Operational Rules, the focus is progressively manufacturer building a locomotive moving to the follow-up of the development, Contribution to the Digital Single intended to run in more EU countries testing and implementation, with dedicated Market will have the possibility to request attention to the return on experience, both Though traditionally less prone to a single authorization instead in technical and operational aspects. ERA digitalisation, railways are now moving more of authorizing it in each of the has been defining the roadmap enabling and more in this direction. ERA promotes concerned Member States. Likewise, ETCS communications on IP based radio the enhanced use of digital technologies a railway undertaking will have the technologies and works on defining the new (ETCS, automated train operation), the possibility to request and receive a radio communication systems by 2018. enhanced use of IT tools for better services single safety certificate valid in more (OSS, vehicle registers, infrastructure Member States. 4. A simplified access for customers register) as well as the migration towards While keeping the good cooperation Easy access to rail services, as well as to online distribution of train tickets (with the with the national safety authorities, the relevant rail data are crucial for the support of the telematics applications) ERA will use the OSS to facilitate the passenger and freight customers. coordination and the exchange of Collaboration with other agencies and information, as well as to ensure The technical specifications for the bodies the coherence and transparency telematics applications enable operators ERA provides support and gives advice of the application processes and to permanently locate freight trains and to the S2R JU that aims at fostering certification decisions. Ultimately, exchange documents related to the innovation and research to create a Single this will result in faster and easier carried goods and support the issuing European Railway Area and to improve the processes and lower costs for the of seamless tickets covering operators competitiveness and the attractiveness of applicants, thus contributing to in several countries and the exchange of the railway sector. boosting the competitiveness of the travel-related data. Society is also strongly railway sector and to achieving the demanding an improved access for It also cooperates with INEA Executive Single European Railway Area. The persons with disabilities and persons with Agency in evaluating rail-related investment functional and technical specifications reduced mobility (PRMs) to the stations projects. for the OSS will be finalized beginning and trains across the EU. ERA is covering 2017. Subject to their adoption by the these aspects through a dedicated set Sources ERA Management Board, they will of technical specifications (PRM TSI) and •• ERA Multi Annual Work Programme be implemented for the first release the associated inventory of accessibility 2014-2017 of the OSS to be used in the shadow characteristics for all the train stations •• ERA Programming Document 2016 running phase from mid-2018. across EU. Moreover, ERA develops and •• Strategic Vision for the European Union maintains different databases and registers Agency for Railways, 2016

130 ESMA European Securities and Markets Authority

ESMA contributes to Sustainable Growth via its action towards an efficient functioning of the Single Market, by enhancing investor protection and promoting stable and orderly financial markets. Through its actions towards building a Capital Markets Union, ESMA also contributes to the deepening of the Economic and Monetary Union that will increase competitiveness in the euro area.

ESMA

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER ECONOMIC COMMISSION INTERNAL AND PRIORITIES MARKET MONETARY UNION

ESMA’s Investor Financial Strategic Orderly Markets Protection Stability Objectives

Assessing risks to Completing a single Promoting Directly supervising ESMA’s investors, markets rulebook for EU supervisory specific financial Activities and financial stability financial markets convergence entities The agency at a glance The “Five Presidents’ Report”130 presents a “ESMA’s supervisory • Type: Decentralised EU Agency two-stage roadmap towards the completion • Foundation year: 2011 of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) convergence work will • Location: Paris, France in order to create a better and fairer life for be an important building • Staff: 208 FTEs (AWP 2016) citizens as well as increase competitiveness within the euro area. The first stage block of the Capital ESMA’s mission statement is to comprises among others the completion of Markets Union (CMU), as the Financial Union, which encompasses the “enhance investor protection consistent application is and promote stable and orderly completion of the Banking Union and the financial markets”130 creation of a Capital Markets Union (CMU). needed to ensure that the

The CMU aims at further integrating single rulebook on paper Background financial markets. By enhancing the free becomes a single market in ESMA was created in the aftermath of movement of capital, one of the EU Single 133 the financial and economic crisis of 2007- Market’s core freedoms, it will not only practice.” 2008, which revealed shortcomings in the deepen the internal market for financial Steven Maijoor, ESMA Chair supervision of financial services institutions services but also benefit the euro area. The due to a lack of cooperation, coordination CMU has the ambition of complementing Contribution to an efficient functioning and trust between the national supervisors, traditional bank financing of the economy of the internal market as well as an inconsistent application of by better connecting capital to investment By realising its three intertwined strategic EU law across Member States. The severe projects across Europe that need those objectives – i.e. investor protection, orderly strain on the stability of the financial funds to grow and create jobs. Deeper and markets and financial stability –, ESMA system caused by the crisis also put at more integrated capital markets will also contributes to economic growth. Four core risk the functioning of the internal market. reduce the cost of capital and increase activities help ESMA achieve its mission and Restoring and maintaining a stable and the competitiveness. By reinforcing cross- objectives and so contribute to an efficient reliable financial system is therefore border risk sharing, the CMU will improve functioning of the internal market. a necessary condition to rebuild and the capability of the financial system to preserve trust in the internal market, and absorb shocks, hence making it more stable hence foster economic growth. and resilient132.

130. ESMA Strategic Orientation 2016-2020, p. 6. 131. Completing Europe’s Economic and Monetary Union, Jean-Claude Junker, Donald Tusk, Jeroen Dijsselbloem, Mario Draghi and Martin Schulz, http:// ec.europa.eu/priorities/economic-monetary-union/docs/5-presidents-report_en.pdf, consulted on 8 July 2016. 132. Capital Markets Union – Unlocking funding for Europe’s growth, http://ec.europa.eu/finance/capital-markets-union/index_en.htm 133. ESMA Annual Report 2015, p. 3. 131 Risk monitoring and analysis of the CMU and will further contribute to it By assessing risks to investors, markets and throughout its development134. financial stability, ESMA identifies emerging trends, risks and vulnerabilities allowing Cooperation with other agencies and them to be tackled in a timely manner. The bodies purpose is to monitor financial innovation ESMA operates within the European System Contribution to the and identify market developments that of Financial Supervision (ESFS) that has Capital Market Union could threaten market stability, investor the purpose of ensuring consistent and protection and orderly financial markets. coherent micro- and macro-prudential ESMA has been contributing to the The information is made publicly available to financial supervision135 in the EU. Micro- Capital Market Union project with investors through registries and databases, prudential supervision is carried out by the its response to the Commission and periodic warnings. This activity supports three European Supervisory Authorities Green Paper, where a number of the realisation of the three other activities (ESAs) – i.e. ESMA, EBA and EIOPA –, the suggestions were included on further and builds on, as well as complements, the Joint Committee of the ESAs and the National integration of EU financial markets, analyses carried out by other stakeholders Competent Authorities (NCAs). Macro- eliminating regulatory obstacles and (see section on cooperation). prudential oversight is conducted at the EU duplications, enhancing investor level by the European Systemic Risk Board protection and strengthening financial Supervisory convergence (ESRB) which comprises the European Central stability. In particular, preparatory The objective of promoting supervisory Bank (ECB), the national central banks, the work under the new Securitisation convergence is to guarantee a level playing ESAs and the European Commission. and Prospectus Regulations has field of high quality, effective and consistent been launched. The initiatives aim at regulation and supervision, preventing The ESFS works towards an efficient amending the applicable regulatory regulatory arbitrage and strengthening functioning of the single market thanks to framework in order to relaunch the international supervisory coordination. This a regulatory and supervisory framework securitisation market, by promoting implies the sharing of best practices and that is applied equally across Europe. While simple, transparent and standardised efficiency gains for national authorities and the day-to-day supervision of the financial securitisation as well as to deepen the financial industry. institutions mainly remains at national level, capital markets through eliminating the three ESAs bring EU-wide uniform rules some of the barriers for companies Single rulebook and harmonise supervisory approaches seeking non-bank funding. Next steps The completion of a single rulebook for across the EU. The ESFS also cooperates include ESMA’s involvement in the financial markets enhances Europe’s with other supervisory authorities such as revision of the regulatory framework internal market, creating a level playing field the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM). applicable to managers of investment for investors across Europe. This consists funds and venture capital which of the development of regulatory technical Sources contributes to broadening the scope standards and the provision of advice to the •• ESMA Strategic Orientation 2016-2020 of potential investors in various EU EU Institutions on a broad range of areas •• ESMA Annual Work Programme 2016 projects as well as maintaining high- regarding the EU securities markets, their •• ESMA Annual Report 2015 levels of investor protection. infrastructure and orderly functioning, as •• Completing Europe’s Economic and well as key financial market participants. Monetary Union, Jean-Claude Junker, Furthermore, with an aim to integrate Donald Tusk, Jeroen Dijsselbloem, European capital markets more, Direct supervision Mario Draghi and Martin Schulz, http:// ESMA has intensified its supervisory ESMA is the direct supervisor of ec.europa.eu/priorities/economic- convergence activities as outlined in •• Credit Rating Agencies (CRA), in order to monetary-union/docs/5-presidents- a dedicated work programme. This ensure the quality of ratings and protect report_en.pdf, consulted on 8 July 2016. contributes to making application of investors; •• Capital Markets Union – Unlocking funding EU legislation by national supervisory •• Trade Repositories (TR), to ensure data for Europe’s growth, http://ec.europa.eu/ authorities more coherent, which quality and improve transparency on EU finance/capital-markets-union/index_ in turn helps ensuring the level- derivatives markets. en.htm, consulted on 8 July 2016. playing-field in the financial sector •• ESMA response to the Commission Green as well as cross-border investments. Contribution to a deeper Economic and Paper on Building a Capital Markets Union, In addition, it also helps to clarify Monetary Union that will reinforce 13 May 2015, https://www.esma.europa. through guidelines and other tools key competitiveness eu/sites/default/files/library/2015/11/ issues related to implementation and ESMA’s objectives of enhancing investor esma-2015-856_esma_response_to_ec_ compliance for market participants. protection and promoting stable and green_paper_on_cmu.pdf, consulted on orderly financial markets are in line with the 8 July 2016 CMU’s goals. ESMA encourages alternative financing sources, by working, amongst other initiatives, towards the strengthening and harmonisation of supervision, the increase of the efficiency of EU capital markets and their attractiveness for EU 134. ESMA response to the Commission Green Paper on Building a Capital Markets Union, 13 May 2015, and non-EU investors. Through its four https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/library/2015/11/esma-2015-856_esma_response_to_ec_ core activities, ESMA already plays an green_paper_on_cmu.pdf, consulted on 8 July 2016. important role towards certain components 135. The micro-prudential supervision is the supervision of individual institutions, while the macro-prudential supervision focuses on system-wide risks to financial stability. 132 ETF European Training Foundation

The ETF contributes to developing partner countries’ human capital in the Union neighbourhood, learning from EU internal and Member States’ policies and experience. For that purpose, the Foundation focuses on modernising vocational education and training (VET) systems in a lifelong learning perspective in order to improve labour markets and economic and social cohesion.

ETF

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

LEVEL OF EUROPE IN THE WORLD EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER COMMISSION JOBS, DIGITAL A STRONGER GROWTH & SINGLE MIGRATION GLOBAL PRIORITIES INVESTMENT MARKET ACTOR

ETF’s Modernisation of VET Increased role of vocational education Strategic systems in a lifelong and training in support of cohesion, Objectives learning perspective transition to work and legal migration

- ETF’s Support to the European Commission in the Capacity-building in Provision of policy Exchange of information and experience Strategic framework of EU external policies and partner countries analysis and advice in the international community Activities assistance programmes

The agency at a glance in ETF’s partner countries constitutes a countries at all levels, from sustainable • Type: Decentralised EU Agency significant wing of the Union’s efforts at and well-governed institutions to citizens’ • Foundation year: 1994 projecting its internal policies beyond its participation and empowerment. The • Location: Turin, Italy borders, which benefits both neighbours Foundation supports the Commission and • Staff: 130 FTEs (AWP 2016) and EU citizens. These are fundamental partner countries in building and improving objectives of the Union, as formulated VET systems in order to reinforce their skills 138 The ETF’s mission is to “support its in the Lisbon Treaty . The ETF is active and competitiveness, carry out efficient partner countries to harness the in fostering human capital development labour market reforms and reinforce social potential of their human capital throughout the Union neighbourhood, and territorial cohesion. through the reform of education, which comprises South Eastern Europe training and labour market and Turkey, countries The ETF also contributes actively to systems in the context of the and , Southern and Eastern developing the skills dimension of specific EU’s external relations policies. It Mediterranean countries and Central Asia. policy fields with a strong potential for cooperates with partner countries Its policy field of action covers primarily growth and job creation, namely digital engaged in the EU’s enlargement vocational education and training and skills technologies, climate change and energy. and neighbourhood policies, as development for competitiveness and well as in Central Asia136.” territorial and social cohesion. Contribution to a new policy on migration Contribution to jobs, growth and The ETF also takes part in efforts to better Background investment and a connected Digital manage legal migration and in particular its Many of the Union’s Eastern and Southern Single Market skills dimension. neighbours are economically and politically The ETF’s contribution to the external unstable. Armed conflicts in these regions dimension of the Commission’s jobs, For that purpose, the Foundation provides fuel increasing migration towards the Union. growth and investment policy priority information on migrant support measures In this context, the EU enlargement and centres on the concept of entrepreneurial from the employment and skills perspective neighbourhood policies aim at extending continuum. It entails the development of (MISMES project). This work consists in an peace and prosperity beyond the Union’s effective policies on vocational education inventory of support measures for potential 137 borders . Developing human capital and training (VET) in neighbouring and returning migrants, implemented

136. ETF Work Programme 2016, p.13, see also ETF recast regulation No 1339/2008. 137. Treaty on European Union, Article 3.5. 138. Treaty on European Union, Article 3.3. 133 in sending countries to facilitate labour and transparency in policy-making. An mobility and increase the developmental important element is the engagement of effect of migration. It also informs EU social partners and NGOs in the policy responses to neighbourhood challenges, development and implementation in most of which generate spikes of migration the partner counties. It also helps EU Bringing young towards the Union. Institutions and delegations carry out projects and establishing policy dialogues people into the “Improving human with partner countries. labour market in Tunisia capital is fundamental At the regional scale, the ETF supports the for the competitiveness neighbourhood policy and enlargement negotiations priorities by contributing to The ETF set up a regional pilot and cohesion of the the implementation and monitoring of their training and apprenticeship initiative EU’s neighbours. main instruments, namely the Instrument in Tunisia. The project consisted in for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA), the analysing the qualifications of a target Given the increasing European Neighbourhood Instrument group of job-seekers, then setting up interdependence among (ENI) and the Development Cooperation trainings in the specific skills needed Instrument (DCI), for the improvement in the local labour market. countries, economies and of VET and employment, labour market societies in a globalised reforms, private sector development, The combination of labour market competitiveness and youth support. analysis with tailored training and the world, we contribute to cooperation of employers and job- stability and prosperity in Cooperation with other agencies and seekers within this initiative allowed bodies the insertion of over 100 young 139 the EU neighbourhood.” The ETF and Cedefop share information, people in the local labour market. This expertise and best practices to support the partnership model, which is detailed Madlen Serban, Director development of VET systems in the EU and in an ETF factsheet, is successfully its neighbourhood. being replicated in other regions and The Foundation also facilitates labour sectors. mobility within the neighbourhood through The work of the ETF is also complementary the development of mutual trust and with that Eurofound and EU-OSHA on recognition of qualifications. With employer youth employment. The agencies exchange involvement, qualifications will also relevant information and occasionally become more relevant to the needs of the organise common events to inform policy- labour market. The Foundation’s activities makers and stakeholders. contribute to ensuring that migrants’ skills are better used within the Union and upon Sources return within the partner countries. •• Treaty on European Union •• ETF Regulation (EC) N° 1339/2008 Contribution to supporting the Union •• ETF Mid-term Perspective 2014-2017 as a strong global actor •• ETF annual activity report 2015 By projecting the Union’s internal human •• ETF work programme 2016 capital development policies outside its •• The ETF contribution to the borders, the ETF actively contributes to Implementation of the Europe 2020 the Union’s presence on the world stage. Strategy and the Juncker Agenda The Foundation helps 29 neighbouring •• European Commission Communication countries implement democratic and “Review of the European Neighbourhood economic reforms, thus reinforcing the Policy” rule of law, economic governance and •• ETF website: http://www.etf.europa.eu/ competitiveness, institutional capacities

139. ETF Work Programme 2016, p.5.

134 European Union Intellectual Property Office

EUIPO

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER JOBS, DIGITAL COMMISSION INTERNAL GROWTH & SINGLE MARKET PRIORITIES INVESTMENT MARKET

EUIPO’s Enhance access to syste and uild netork conergence ith Strategic roe oerational eectieness knoledge global iact Objectives

EUIPO’s Granting EU Trade Marks Euroean Obseratory on leenting gency for Managing the Orphan Strategic and Registered ounity nfringeents of ntellectual Efunded roects in SouthEast Works Database Activities Designs roerty Rights sia hina Russia and ndia

The agency at a glance is also responsible for managing the EU protection regimes is necessary to ensure • Type: Decentralised EU Agency database on orphan works, established by their competitiveness and enforce their IP • Foundation year: 1994 the 2012 Orphan Works Directive. rights outside the Union. • Location: Alicante, Spain • Staff: 913 FTEs (AWP 2016) Background For that purpose, the EUIPO works towards The importance of IP as a driver of developing a user-driven European The EUIPO’s mission is to manage competitiveness and growth is increasing intellectual Property network with users 144 the EU Trade Mark (EUTM)140 and in the knowledge-based global economy. and national offices . the Registered Community Design For companies, this means that their brand (RDC)141. It also collaborates is becoming their major economic asset. Contribution to a new boost for jobs, with the intellectual property For developed economies, this means that growth and investment (IP) offices of EU Member States competitiveness derives from innovation Sectors using IP rights intensively account 142 and international partners on and IP on top of costs and prices . for 39% of the EU GDP and 35% of EU jobs. the convergence of registration Moreover, companies that own registered procedures for trademarks and Protecting IP and raising awareness on IP rights perform better than those who designs across Europe and the its importance is paramount to creating do not, especially for small and medium- 145 world. an environment conducive to innovation, sized enterprises (SMEs) . The EUIPO is which is a fundamental objective of the in charge of examining applications and Union143 and a cornerstone of the EU granting these IP rights, in cooperation with Also vital in the EUIPO’s work is the Agenda reflected in the Innovation Union Member States national and regional IP European Observatory on Infringements initiative. offices, and therefore directly contributes to of Intellectual Property Rights. The nurturing their growth by protecting their Observatory aims to raise public The Union has set up an extensive IPR main economic asset. awareness, deliver training, develop protection system which the EUIPO is systems and provide evidence-based data in charge of managing. Moreover, in The Office also works on the continuous on IP protection and enforcement. It runs a globalised context where European improvement of the IP system and IP the Enforcement Database and ACIST, two companies increasingly seek to enter third knowledge in collaboration with all relevant tools for tackling counterfeit goods, and countries markets, the convergence of IPR stakeholders, i.e. lawyers, examiners, users

140. Regulation (EC) 40/94 141. Regulation (EC) 6/2002 142. EUIPO Strategic Plan 2020, p.29. 143. Treaty on European Union, Article 3.3. 135 144. EUIPO Strategic Plan 2020. and the public. It is attentive to ensuring the The EUIPO provides infrastructure and accessibility of the system for all users, in resources to support the implementation of particular SMEs, by identifying and tackling the Network’s projects. real and perceived barriers to IP protection, for instance in the application process for The Office further promotes the Generating savings trademarks and designs. convergence of IPR protection systems towards European standards across the through tools “We register around 120 world by acting as an Implementing Agency and databases for EU-funded programmes in South- convergence 000 EU trade marks East Asia, China, Russia and . It thus and close to 85 000 contributes to bringing more consistency and predictability to European companies The EUIPO has developed tools and designs annually, offering willing to invest in emerging markets, databases which have significantly intellectual property while facilitating the application of their increased the efficiency of the intellectual property outside the EU. European IP Offices implementing protection to companies them and of the users benefitting and individuals in a market Contribution to a digital single market from a better service, resulting in time and a deeper and fairer internal and costs savings. of more than 500 million market It is estimated that these tools have consumers.”146 The Office works towards reinforcing delivered an economic benefit of the internal market by protecting and €18.6 million to end users and €29.8 Raising awareness among citizens and thus encouraging innovation, which million to National and Regional decision-makers on the importance of allows European companies to develop Offices in 2015, with €21 million IP rights further reinforces the efficiency new products and services which meet expected to be generated recurrently of the system by underlining necessary consumers’ needs. EUIPO fosters the every year. legislative adjustments and providing the proper and harmonised functioning of tools to fight counterfeiting. The European the internal market by granting IP rights In particular, the TMview and Observatory on Infringements of IPR valid across all the Member States, thereby DesignView search tools allow users therefore provides knowledge while IT tools complementing the fragmented system of to check for similar trademarks are made available for public authorities national IP rights. and designs among over 40 million and rights owners to enforce their IP rights. records before submitting an The Observatory has published studies on Furthermore, by participating in the application. the scale of IP infringement and attitudes creation of new European IP rights, towards counterfeiting, as well as several such as non-agricultural Geographical As of November 2015, these sector-specific studies, covering: spirits Indications currently being considered, the databases – the first free alternatives and wine; recorded music; geographical EUIPO contributes to the establishment available – are estimated to have indications; jewellery and watches; of a dynamic single market which reflects enabled cost savings of €8.7 million. handbags and luggage; toys and games; fast-paced digital changes and consumer TMview had served over 17.1 million sport goods; and clothing, footwear and behaviour. It also ensures the accessibility searches from 151 countries and accessories. of Europe’s cultural heritage on the DesignView, over 1.5 million searches Orphan Works Database, which provides from 141 countries. Usage figures Contribution to Europe’s global information on works whose right holders show a rapidly growing interest in footprint in IPR protection are not known or located to enable their these tools. As European companies are increasingly digitisation and dissemination. seeking to enter third countries markets, Sources Cooperation with other agencies and the EUIPO assists them in boosting their •• Regulation (EC) 40/94 on the Community bodies competitiveness on the global market and Trade Mark The EUIPO collaborates with other agencies enforcing their IP rights abroad. For that •• Regulation (EC) 6/2002 on Community within an inter-agency Coordination purpose, the European Trade Mark and designs Group on Infringements of IP Rights which Design Network (ETMDN) works towards •• Regulation (EU) 2015/2424 includes Europol, Eurojust and Cepol, and the convergence of practices inside and •• Treaty on European Union exchanges knowledge on the protection of outside Europe by connecting national and •• EUIPO Strategic Plan 2020 IP rights with the CPVO. regional IP Offices, user associations and •• EUIPO Annual Report 2015 other IP organisations. •• OHIM’s Benefits-Impact Framework and Assessment for 2011-2015 •• EUIPO website

145. EUIPO Strategic Plan 2020, p.29. 146. EUIPO website. See: https://euipo.europa.eu/ohimportal/en/the-office, consulted on 2 August 2016.

136 EUISS The European Union Institute for Security Studies

EUISS

EU 2020 SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH PILLARS

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER COMMISSION A STRONGER PRIORITIES GLOBAL ACTOR

EUISS’s Foster a common Suort the elaboration Enrich the strategic Strategic security culture for and roection of E debate inside and Objectives the EU foreign olicy outside Euroe

EUISS’s Networks and Seminars and Strategic ublications Task Forces riengs and isits ialogues onferences Activities

The agency at a glance The EUISS is governed by a Board, chaired core subjects such as the neighbouring • Type: Agency under the CSDP by the High Representative of the Union regions, CSDP and external action, strategic • Foundation year: 2002 for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy partners, transnational challenges, global • Location: Paris, France (with a Liaison (HR), which lays down its budgetary and governance, or other subjects such as Office in Brussels, Belgium) administrative rules and approves its work cybersecurity, migrations or outer space. • Staff: 20 FTEs in 2016 programme. The Political and Security Committee (PSC) exercises political The EUISS organises different types The EUISS has the mission to supervision - without prejudice to the of events that “bring together EU “contribute to the development of intellectual independence and operational officials, national experts, academics, EU strategic thinking in the field of autonomy of the EUISS. decision-makers, media and civil society the Union’s common foreign and representatives from the EU Member security policy (CFSP) and common Contribution to strengthening the EU’s States, as well as from the rest of the 148 security and defence policy (CSDP), position as a global actor in the world world ”: The EUISS is contributing to the including conflict prevention • Conferences, i.e. large public events, and peace-building, as well as in strengthening of the EU’s position as a the field of other external action global actor in the world by conducting • Seminars, i.e. events on a specific and providing analyses and organising of the Union, with a view to • topic (region or policy), strengthening the EU’s analysis, events and fora of discussion that are used foresight and networking capacity for the formulation of EU external policy. • Task Forces, i.e. group that meets on in external action.” 147 Through those activities, the EUISS is the a regular basis to monitor events in a interface between experts and decision- specific region or the development of a makers on a large panel of topics, including particular policy.

147. Council Decision 2014/75/CFSP of 10 February 2014 on the European Union Institute for Security Studies, Article 2 §1. 148. The EUISS’s website, About Us, http://www.iss.europa.eu/about-us/, consulted on 18 July 2016.. 137 Moreover, the EUISS publishes Chaillot involving third countries. Sources Papers, an annual Yearbook of European The Institute carries out specific studies •• The EUISS’s website, www.iss.europa.eu Security, reports, books, leaflets, for or together with EDA and SatCen. For •• The EUISS Annual Report 2015 newsletters, alerts and briefs. example, in 2015 the EUISS delivered some •• Council Decision 2014/75/CFSP of 10 research material on ‘hybrid’ threats to February 2014 on the European Union Cooperation with other agencies and EDA149. Institute for Security Studies bodies The EUISS increasingly provides expertise, It also provides lectures of high importance research, analytical studies, education and towards policy elaboration and decision networking activities within a collaborative framing (notably in the framework of the institutional framework, including EU EEAS/ESCD education prerogatives). executive and legislative authorities as well as Non-Governmental Organisations. Last but not least, the Institute’s growing footprint is materialised by its involvement Such partners include the European in boards (notably after the nomination of External Action Service and the European its Director as interim Chair of the ESDC Security and Defence College, the European Executive Academic Board150) or its lead Commission (DG DEVCO) and Parliament, role of EU membership representative (as in other EU Agencies (EDA, SatCen) as well as the CSCAP)151. the Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific (CSCAP) and several tasks force

149. The EUISS Annual Report 2015, p. 7. 150. Idem. 151. The EUISS Annual Report 2015, p. 53.

138 eu-LISA European Union Agency for the operational management of large-scale IT systems in the area of freedom, security and justice

eu-LISA contributes to Inclusive Growth and to the area of freedom, security and justice within the Single Market by providing ICT technology support in the fields of asylum, law enforcement and border management, hence increasing the level of security in Europe.

eu - LISA

EU 2020 SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH PILLARS

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER JUSTICE & COMMISSION FUNDAMENTAL MIGRATION PRIORITIES RIGHTS

LISA’s Continue to grow as a contributor to Become an acknowledged ICT Grow as the principle EU ICT strategic and facilitator of freedom, security centre of excellence and service technology centre and hub of goals and justice policies in Europe provider expertise

The agency at a glance in their efforts towards a safer Europe. •• The Schengen Information System, • Type: Decentralised Agency Through ICT solutions the Agency facilitates Europe’s largest information system • Foundation year: 2012 information exchange among national for security and law enforcement • Location: Tallinn, Estonia police, border control, migration, asylum, cooperation in Europe and one of • Staff: 140 FTEs (AWP 2016) customs, and judicial authorities. eu LISA the main compensatory measures enables EU law enforcement authorities following the abolition of internal border eu-LISA’s mission is “to to provider through technological means checks in the Schengen Area, aiming at continuously add value to Member integrated responses to the threats to EU’s guaranteeing internal security; internal security. States, supporting through •• The Visa Information System, allowing technology their efforts for a safer Schengen Area Member States to Concretely, eu-LISA provides effective, Europe”152. exchange data on third country nationals comprehensive and highly adaptable IT regarding applications for short stay, visit systems and solutions in the fields of or transit visas to the Schengen Area, thus Contribution to the area of Justice and law enforcement cooperation, border supporting the implementation of the Fundamental Rights and towards a new management and asylum. It contributes, EU’s common visa policy and facilitating policy on migration among others, to the fight against serious border checks; eu-LISA implements EU policies policies in and organised crime in the EU and its the area of freedom, security and justice. external borders. In this respect, eu- •• Eurodac, a European database that It contributes to the strengthening of the LISA’s mandate includes 24/7, efficient stores and processes the digitalised internal security of the Schengen Area and effective operational management fingerprints of asylum seekers and and to the facilitation of free movement of the three European IT systems, as irregular migrants who have entered a of people, one of the core freedoms of well as the of the secure communication European country. This helps determine the European Union. With the help of network supporting those systems. eu- the Member State responsible for technology eu-LISA increases the security LISA is responsible for the operational examining an asylum application. The of the people residing and travelling in management of the following large scale IT system helps compare new asylum Europe and supports Member States systems: applications against those already in the

152. eu-LISA Strategy 2014-2020, p. 7. 139

Smart Borders: a unique and large- scale EU pilot as a predecessor for the EU Entry/Exit System

Border management is currently going through significant database and against data of people Sources transformation. To address the apprehended irregularly crossing an •• The EUISS’s website, www.iss.europa.eu need for the Schengen Area to external border. This information is one •• The EUISS Annual Report 2015 move towards more modern and of the criteria that helps determine the •• Council Decision 2014/75/CFSP of 10 efficient border management by country responsible for taking care of the February 2014 on the European Union using state-of-the-art technologies, asylum applicant. Institute for Security Studies a proof-of-concept exercise aimed at identifying, assessing and testing While performing its duties, eu-LISA has to technical options for implementing ensure that the data stored in the central the Smart Borders package was systems of SIS II, VIS and Eurodac are initiated by the Commission in 2014, available 24/7 and that data protection with the support of the European and information security requirements are Parliament and the Member States, applied in accordance with all principles and and carried out by eu-LISA in the legislation in place – in order to guarantee course of 2015. that personal information is treated fairly, lawfully and correctly. The testing phase aimed to contribute to defining the best Cooperation with other agencies and technical solutions for faster bodies and more secure border-control Within the Justice and Home Affairs processes, respecting the highest Agencies’ Network, eu-LISA cooperates principles on data protection and on a regular basis with the partner fundamental rights. Through the Agencies CEPOL, EASO, EIGE, EMCDDA, pilot a set of technical options Eurojust, Europol, FRA and Frontex, against specific measurable criteria sharing expertise, lessons learned and in operational environments were best practice in relevant subject areas or tested. The criteria were accuracy, large-scale projects. eu-LISA aims to create effectiveness and impact on the synergies and economies of scale through duration of border-crossing. The the provisioning of infrastructure and findings of the pilot are reflected in application services, shared application the Smart Borders final report. portfolios and other relevant services in the use of ICT technologies and resources. Subsequent to the pilot, in 2016 the Commission submitted a modified eu-LISA strives to foster and extend legal proposal for establishing the cooperation with all relevant stakeholders. EU Entry/Exit System that would These include EU Member States and speed up, facilitate and reinforce Associated Countries, EU Institutions border-check procedures for (in particular the EU Council, the third-country nationals travelling European Commission, the European into the Schengen Area. After the Parliament and the EDPS), EU Agencies adoption of the legal proposal by (in particular the Agencies operating in the co-legislators eu-LISA would be the area of freedom, security and justice), responsible for the development international organisations, academia and of this large scale IT system. The research institutions, non-governmental intended time of the entry into organisations and the media. operation of the Entry/Exit System is 2020.

153. Treaty on European Union, Article 3. 140 European Agency for Safety and Health at Work

EU - OSHA

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER COMMISSION JOBS, JUSTICE & GROWTH & FUNDAMENTAL PRIORITIES INVESTMENT RIGHTS

EU - OSHA’s roiding olicyakers and Providing an overview Raising awareness roiding releant tools Creating and etorking and couni- Strategic researchers with data on of current OS risks about orklace risks for saller orklaces aintaining a body of high cation actiities ith key Objectives new and emerging risks their health eects and how to prevent them to anage health and safety uality knoledge on OS stakeholders

EU - OSHA’s Anticipating change, Partnerships with roiding facts and ools for OS Networking riority new and emerging risks Raising awareness goernents eloyers gures on OS risks management knoledge Areas to OSH and workers’ organisations

The agency at a glance environment. It needs to constantly adapt Contribution to jobs, growth and • Type: Decentralised EU Agency its approach to occupational safety and investment • Foundation year: 1994 health by introducing EU-level measures, EU-OSHA’s activities boost competitiveness • Location: Bilbao, Spain providing stakeholders with adequate by increasing productivity. Indeed, health • Staff: 65 FTEs (AWP 2016) information and responding to requests and safety at work are key drivers of addressed in that field. workers’ productivity: poor working EU-OSHA’s mission is to “develop, conditions drive many people out of the gather and provide reliable and For that purpose, EU-OSHA collects, labour force before the official retirement relevant information, analysis analyses and provides EU bodies, Member age. This is an increasingly important issue and tools to advance knowledge, States, social partners and all involved given the ageing of the EU’s workforce. raise awareness and exchange stakeholders with technical, scientific and EU-OSHA is working on creating a culture occupational safety and health economic information on occupational of risk prevention and the promotion of (OSH) information and good safety and health. This data is obtained healthier and safer working conditions to practice which will serve the needs through the ESENER enterprise survey and ensure that workers’ health allow them to of those involved in OSH”154 OSH overviews and made available via its work until retirement age. website. In addition, the agency maintains an online encyclopaedia dedicated to This contributes to achieving the objective Background OHS information. EU-OSHA also identifies of having 75% of the 20-64 year-olds Europe’s 217 million workers are entitled to emerging OSH risks in the context of in employment, while reducing the fair and just working conditions that respect demographic change, economic recovery number of people in poverty and social 155 health and safety . The Union is therefore and the emergence of new occupational inclusion by maintaining them in the committed to improving their working risks. workforce. EU-OSHA’s risk prevention

154. EU-OSHA Multi-Annual Strategic Programme, p.5. 155. Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Article 31. 141 efforts aim at reducing the incidence of Cooperation with other agencies and accidents and diseases at work, whose bodies costs amount to around 3% of the GDP EU-OSHA closely collaborates with other EU every year. Reducing their incidence agencies and bodies on issues of common through prevention by awareness-raising interest: Helping SMEs campaigns, for instance on Healthy •• Eurofound: the bodies work on Workplaces, reduces the burden on improve safety health- and safety-related projects to healthcare system, which reinforces their encourage improvements in the working and health in their sustainability. environment; workplaces Implementing health and safety rules •• Cedefop: cooperation includes joint is particularly challenging for small and campaigns, for instance on Healthy EU-OSHA has developed an Online medium enterprises (SMEs), which are Workplaces for All Ages; Interactive Risk Assessment (OiRA) the bedrock of EU’s growth and employ •• ETF: EU-OSHA’s input contributes to tool. OiRA is an online platform a growing number of workers. EU-OSHA ETF’s work on labour market reforms in to create free and easy-to-use provides adapted tools for occupational third countries; risk assessment tools for SMEs in health and safety management. any language. It is adaptable to •• ECHA: the Agencies share knowledge on all sectors, from hairdressing to “High quality jobs that offer the safe use of chemical substances at construction. work; safe and healthy working •• FRA: FRA collects evidence which This free tool supports SMEs in conditions are essential for helps EU-OSHA formulate operational improving safety and health in their workplaces by putting into place people to be able to work responses and provides proposals for the mainstreaming of fundamental rights in a step-by-step risk-assessment longer and so ensure that OSH activities; process, from the evaluation of risks to the implementation and the employment targets •• EIGE: the bodies collaborate on the monitoring of measures. It thus are met.”156 gender dimension of OSH issues. helps SMEs overcome the lack of resources and know-how which Dr. Christa Sedlatschek, Sources often prevent them from effectively Director •• Regulation (EC) No 2062/94 assessing risks in their workplaces. •• Charter of Fundamental Rights of the

Contribution to the protection of European Union justice and the fundamental rights of •• Treaty on European Union workers •• EU-OSHA Multi-Annual Strategic Programme Informing policy-makers and stakeholders 2014-2020 is key to the introduction of measures which •• EU Occupational Safety and Work Strategic ensure the protection of workers’ rights. Framework 2014-2020 EU-OSHA’s actions also aim at reinforcing •• EU-OSHA Annual Report 2015 the economic and social cohesion within •• EU-OSHA Management Plan 2016 the Union by guaranteeing citizens the •• EU-OSHA website: https://osha.europa.eu/en same level of protection wherever they work.

156. EU-OSHA Management Plan 2016, p.3.

142 Eurofound European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions

Eurofound

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER JOBS, JUSTICE & COMMISSION INTERNAL GROWTH & FUNDAMENTAL MARKET PRIORITIES INVESTMENT RIGHTS

Eurofounds roiding knoledge that contributes to better infored Strategic olicies for uard conergence of liing and orking Objective conditions in Euroe

Eurofounds arrying out research on social eloyent and ounicating results to E national Strategic work - related issues olicyakers and social artners Activities

The agency at a glance Background Life (EurWORK) and identifying areas for • Type: Decentralised EU Agency EU citizens enjoy among some of the improvement. • Foundation year: 1975 highest standards of living and working • Location: Dublin, Ireland conditions in the world. The promotion of Eurofound’s European Monitoring Centre • Staff: 94 FTEs (AWP 2016) their well-being is a fundamental objective on Change (EMCC) gathers data across of the Union158. However, improvements Member States on structural changes which Eurofound’s mission is to are called for in order to address structural affect labour markets. Eurofound’s analysis “contribute to the planning and changes and inequalities across Member of these data feeds into recommendations the establishment of better living States. on how to further improve the functioning and working conditions through and inclusiveness of European labour activities designed to increase Contribution to jobs, growth and markets, as well as to foster innovation and disseminate knowledge likely investment and job creation. Adapting work and social to assist this development. With Eurofound provides EU and national policy- policies to structural changes, for instance this aim in view, the tasks of the makers and social partners with data on by encouraging the development of Foundation shall be to develop and the evolution of industrial relations, working digital skills, is a prerequisite for economic to pursue ideas on the medium and living conditions and quality of life in recovery and Smart Growth: it stimulates and long-term improvement of Europe in order to improve and harmonise competitiveness and the sustainability of living and working conditions in related policies. the EU labour market while supporting the light of practical experience workers in adapting to change. and to identify factors leading to It contributes to facilitating the dialogue change”157. between social partners, in particular in the Contribution to a deeper and fairer context of , and also internal market with a strengthened monitoring industrial relations through its industrial base online European Observatory of Working Eurofound carries out pan-European

157. Regulation (EEC) No 1365/75 of the Council of 26 May 1975, Article 2. 158. Treaty on European Union, Article 3. 143 surveys which provide a detailed overview “Eurofound seeks both to of working conditions, job quality, quality of life and companies practices across document and understand Member States. This comparative change and to develop information enables Eurofound to identify From research to the inequalities in working and living conditions ideas for the ongoing within and between Member States and improvement of the living Youth Guarantee formulate ideas for upward convergence towards better and fairer conditions for and working conditions of In 2013, Eurofound carried out an all in the Union. Creating a level-playing European citizens.”160 in-depth research on young people field is a prerequisite to the better not in education, employment or functioning of the borderless internal Juan Menéndez-Valdés, training (NEETs) across the Union. It market. It encourages labour mobility, Director of Eurofound estimated the economic loss arising which is essential in order to address from their disengagement from the skills mismatch, while ensuring equal and Cooperation with other agencies and labour market at about €162 billion, fair working and living conditions for all bodies or 1.26% of the European GDP. Europeans over their life course. Eurofound closely collaborates with sister Eurofound also carries out anticipatory EU agencies and bodies on issues of The results of this research have research on the future of manufacturing in common interest: been used as a source for key EU Europe and its industrial and employment • Cedefop: the agencies collaborate policy documents aimed at tackling consequences. on joint research and communication youth unemployment, in particular activities in the field of employability the European Commission’s Contribution to the protection of social and skills; initiative on the Youth Guarantee. and fundamental rights of citizens • EIGE: Eurofound provides input for This consists of a €6 billion fund Eurofound formulates policy EIGE on the development of the aimed at guaranteeing all people recommendations aimed at protecting gender equality index in Europe; under 25 a good-quality job offer, all citizens from exclusion, poverty and • FRA: The two agencies cooperate an apprenticeship, traineeship or social inequalities. For instance, some of its particularly on their surveys, such as continued education within four research focuses on ways to increase the the Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) and months of leaving formal education integration of women, youth and migrants the new Fundamental Rights Survey, or becoming unemployed. in the labour market. Eurofound also but also on specific themes such as contributes to safeguarding EU citizens’ migrants and asylum seekers. This illustrates how Eurofound’s data rights by monitoring developments in the • EU-OSHA: the agencies work collection and analysis translate into area of quality of life and public services. on health and safety projects to concrete measures for bettering These actions promote European citizens’ encourage improvements in the work the living and working conditions of well-being and cohesion throughout the environment; Europeans. Union, two fundamental EU objectives159. • uropean Training Foundation: the bodies carry out joint research and actions on youth employment. Sources •• Regulation (EEC) No 1365/75 on the creation of a European Foundation for the improvement of living and working conditions •• Treaty on European Union •• Towards better living and working conditions •• Living and working in Europe 2015 •• Eurofound Activity Report 2015 •• Eurofound Work Programme 2016

159. Treaty on European Union, Article 3. 160. Toward better living and working conditions”, p.3.

144 European Police Office

Eurool

EU 2020 SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH PILLARS

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER JUSTICE & COMMISSION FUNDAMENTAL MIGRATION PRIORITIES RIGHTS

Eurools e the E criinal inforation hub roide the ost eectie oerational strategic roiding inforationsharing caabilities to suort and eertise to inestigations goals la enforceent authorities

Eurools eelo inforation and counica- roide eectie and Enhance partnerships Suort inestigation Suort inestiga- Enhance cooperation eelo highuality analytical suort and strategic tion caabilities to aiie echange iediate rstline with cooperation in the area of serious tions in the area of in the area of crosscutting oerational objectives and aailability of criinal inforation inforation echange partners and organised crime cybercrie counterterroris caabilities

The agency at a glance with a view to enhancing the information smuggling. Among others, the EMSC • Type: Decentralised Agency exchange through secured, tailored provides analytical and investigation • Foundation year: 1999 solutions and building the infrastructure support at the migration hotspots. Upon • Location: , The for better cooperation. The ECTC provides request, Europol also deploys guest • Staff: 710 FTEs (AWP 2016) analytical and operational support to officers from Member States to perform Member States’ investigations including secondary security checks. by the setting up of dedicated task-forces. Europol’s mission is “to support • Trafficking in human beings: in Additionally, the newly established EU its Member States in preventing order to disrupt the activities of criminal Internet Referral Unit (IRU) at Europol and combating all forms of serious networks active in trafficking of human tackles online radicalisation. international and beings, Europol provides support and terrorism”161 • Cybercrime: As cybercrime is by to investigations and on-the-spot definition borderless, Europol has created operations, giving access to databases a European Cybercrime Centre (EC3) and analytical tools. Contribution to the area of Justice and that combats child sexual exploitation, Fundamental Rights and migration • Illicit drugs: in order to protect citizens’ payment card fraud or other , Europol works in the area of freedom, health and security, Europol supports pooling expertise and intelligence, security and justice. It works as a support national authorities to dismantle supporting investigations and promoting centre for Member States’ law enforcement criminal organisations that produce and EU-wide solutions. authorities, and as a criminal information traffic drugs (heroin, cocaine, cannabis, hub by exchanging and analysing criminal • Irregular migration: Europol synthetics) as well as synthetic drugs intelligence. Through different services, coordinates operational activities, laboratories. supports international investigations, Europol provides operational support to • Cigarette smuggling: Europol supports provides forensic or other technical Member States in various domains where customs and other authorities to identify expertise, as well as criminal intelligence EU citizens’ security might be threatened. illicit cargo and criminal networks to combat irregular migration. In 2016 and involved in cigarette smuggling. Illegal in response to the migratory crisis which • Terrorism: In response to the increasing tobacco may not have passed health and led to the loss of numerous lives in the terrorist threats in Europe, Europol quality controls and may contain harmful Mediterranean Sea, Europol established has established the European Counter- chemicals. the European Migrant Smuggling Centre Terrorism Centre (ECTC) to bring together (EMSC) to specifically target the criminal • Mobile organised crime groups: Europol’s existing capabilities in the area networks which are involved in migrant Europol works closely with authorities

161. Europol Strategy 2016-2020, p. 5. 145 within and outside Europe to dismantle criminal networks active in mobile organised crime. •• Intellectual property crime: Europol supports investigation to protect EUR 10 million gain for an international gang consumers, since counterfeit products may present less quality, no ethics in their dealing with migrant smuggling production, be unsafe or even lethal. Furthermore, intellectual property crimes December 2015, a large-scale joint operation carried out by law enforcement and may also endanger legitimate business, judicial authorities from Austria, Greece, Sweden and the United Kingdom, investment, innovation and jobs. supported by Europol.

•• VAT fraud: Europol supports Member •• Target: an organised crime group suspected of smuggling people into the States’ investigations, coordinating European Union. The identified smugglers were mainly from Syria and Greece, operations or providing intelligence but also Palestine and possibly Tunisia. The organised crime group is believed related to VAT fraud. to have smuggled irregular migrants from Turkey (mainly individuals originating •• Money laundering: Europol supports from Syria), then facilitating their journeys from Greece to other EU Member worldwide investigations in tracing money States via the Balkan route (former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, laundering. Hungary, Austria, Germany and further northwards).

•• Results: 23 suspects arrested in Austria, Greece, Sweden and the United Through its support to law enforcement Kingdom. authorities and its coordination of cross- border investigations in the various The members of the criminal network had set up their headquarters in Greece, domains presented above, Europol where migrants – either located in Turkey or on their way to Greece – would contributes to the European Commission’s contact them for further assistance with their journeys to Northern Europe. All priority “justice and fundamental rights” forms of assistance could be provided ranging from transport and supplying that includes the fight against cross-border forged travel documents, to housing. The migrants paid the facilitators via crime and terrorism. Through its actions in money-transfer services or simply with cash. This organised crime group is the field of and human believed to have smuggled around 100 migrants per day and active since 2013. trafficking and smuggling, Europol also According to intelligence gathered so far, the total estimated earnings of the contributes to the ‘migration’ priority. group were nearly EUR 10 million. During the action day, the organised crime group’s leader was arrested by officers from the UK’s National Crime Agency in Cooperation with other agencies and Liverpool. bodies Europol supported the investigation from its early stages, by facilitating the Europol is part of the Justice and Home exchange of intelligence between the involved Member States, performing Affairs Agencies’ network. It collaborates cross-checks and real-time analysis of data, providing tailored analytical support with most of the agencies of the network on to the investigators, and by financing and hosting operational meetings. Europol different topics. specialists and senior officers from participating law enforcement authorities coordinated actions from Europol headquarters in The Hague. •• EASO. Europol, together with Frontex, Eurojust and EASO, collaborates on Source: Europol Review 2015 the “Hotspot” approach, providing on-the-spot staff and equipment to EMCDDA on illegal drugs matters, in order •• EMSA. EMSA provides Europol with face exceptional migration pressures. to publish early warnings or emerging information on maritime traffic; They support the investigation on threats reports. The two agencies •• ENISA. Europol and ENISA work together smuggling and trafficking of human produce an annual joint report. on cybercrime. beings and assist national authorities •• Europol also collaborates with eu-LISA regarding identification, registering and and FRA in areas of common interest. Moreover, Europol signed cooperation fingerprinting of migrants. agreements with third countries (e.g. •• Frontex. The purpose of the cooperation Beyond the Justice and Home Affairs Balkan countries, Turkey, Ukraine, or Russia) is to combat cross-border criminal Agencies’ network, Europol also collaborates to combat international crime. It also activities through the exchange of with the EU Institutions, other European collaborates with international organisations information or joint operational activities. bodies (e.g. the European External Action such as the World Bank or INTERPOL. •• Eurojust. Europol mainly organises Service) and other EU agencies such as: trainings on cybercrime and drugs Sources •• Europol Strategy 2016-2020 together with Eurojust. They also support •• EUIPO. Europol collaborates with EUIPO •• Europol’s website Joint Investigation Teams on the topic of intellectual property •• Europol Consolidated Annual Activity •• CEPOL. Europol contributes to CEPOL’s infringements through the newly set up Report 2015 courses and seminars. Intellectual Property Crime Coordinated •• Europol Review 2015 – General report on Coalition (IPC3) at Europol; •• EMCDDA. Europol collaborates with Europol activities

146 Eurojust European Union’s Judicial Cooperation Unit

As an agency within the contribution theme “Ensuring an area of freedom, security and justice”, Eurojust contributes to Inclusive Growth and to the justice and home affairs prerogatives within the Single Market through its actions aiming at strengthening judicial and legal (operational) cooperation and coordination in order to fight serious cross-border crime and terrorism.

Eurojust

EU 2020 SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH PILLARS

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER JUSTICE & COMMISSION FUNDAMENTAL PRIORITIES RIGHTS

Eurojust’s Operational work Strategic Work strategic Function as the centre for operation- Function as the centre of judicial and goals al judicial support in the EU legal expertise in the EU

Eurojust’s Advice in casework Strategic advice to EU Judicial coordination strategic Joint Investigation Teams Coordination centres (experience, best practices, decision and policy meetings activities recommendations) makers

The agency at a glance citizens. Eurojust supports the competent prosecutions and the gathering of evidence. • Type: Decentralised Agency authorities of the Member States to render their It also assists them in the prevention and • Foundation year: 2002 investigations and prosecutions more effective resolution of conflicts of jurisdictions. • Location: The Hague, The Netherlands when dealing with cross-border crime. Eurojust facilitates cooperation to bring • Staff: 261 FTEs in 2016 In order to achieve this mission, Eurojust criminals to justice and treats casework in a performs operational and strategic large number of areas: terrorism, trafficking Eurojust’s mission is to “[stimulate] work. It works as a centre for operational in human beings, illegal immigrant and [improve] the coordination of judicial support with the aim of fostering smuggling, cybercrime, online child investigations and prosecutions coordination and cooperation between abuse, drug trafficking, money laundering, between the competent Member States. It offers operational and organised crime groups, environmental authorities in the Member States legal expertise to national authorities crime, fraud and , counterfeiting, and [improve] the cooperation through facilitating the application of EU crime against property or public goods and between the competent legal instruments such as the Mutual criminal offences affecting the EU’s financial authorities of the Member States, Legal Assistance, the European Arrest interests. in particular by facilitating Warrant, the European Investigation Order, the execution of international or joint investigation teams. Moreover, Beyond providing financial and operational mutual legal assistance and the Eurojust works as a centre of judicial support as well as expertise to joint implementation of extradition and legal expertise and provides advice investigation teams, Eurojust also organises requests.”162. to stakeholders, such as EU policy and decision makers, based on operational •• judicial coordination meetings to bring experience. It also shares best practices together judicial and law enforcement Contribution to the area of Justice and and recommendations e.g. on the authorities, i.e. prosecutors, judges Fundamental Rights functioning of joint investigation teams. Eurojust operates in the area of freedom, and police officers, to resolve legal and practical difficulties to operations security and justice, which is a core component Eurojust supports Member States’ (e.g. conflict of jurisdiction), exchange of the Single Market. It supports Member competent national authorities by information, coordinate ongoing States in the fight against serious cross-border coordinating cross-border investigations, crime and terrorism, for the benefit of EU investigations and prosecutions, etc.;

162. Eurojust Mission & Tasks, www.eurojust.europa.eu, consulted on 22 September 2016. 147 •• coordination centres to enable real-time diffusion among national authorities of information related to serious cross- border crime, with a view to facilitating the gathering of evidence through coordinated and simultaneous execution Eurojust’s action against illegal immigrant of arrest warrants, searches and seizures smuggling in different Member States.

Strong judicial cooperation at EU level, as well as with third States of origin and “Eurojust’s casework transit and other partners, is vital for disrupting the activities of smugglers and continues to grow each year. bringing them to justice. In the past years, the number of illegal immigrant smuggling cases referred to Eurojust for assistance has sharply increased. Member States requested Eurojust provides valuable support to the national judicial authorities dealing Eurojust’s assistance in 2 with this crime type through its tools (e.g. coordination meetings and coordination centres) and its legal and financial support to joint investigation 214 cases, representing teams. Eurojust signed a Letter of Understanding with EUNAVOR MED to foster an increase of 23 per cent closer cooperation via the exchange of strategic information and best practice. Eurojust also supports the Hotspot approach and appointed dedicated Eurojust 163 compared to 2014.” Contact Points in the Hotspot locations in Italy and Greece.

Michèle CONINSX, President of Eurojust Following up to the discussions in the Consultative Forum of Prosecutors General and Director of Public Prosecution Services in 2014 and in line with the EU Action Furthermore, Eurojust has established a Plan on Migration, Eurojust set up a Thematic Group on Migrant Smuggling with database, the Case Management System, to the objective to strengthen cooperation between prosecutors and enhance support its activities and enable Member judicial cooperation in illegal immigrant smuggling cases, including with third States to consult case-related data through States. First results are the Eurojust tactical meeting on judicial challenges in secure network connections. illegal immigrant smuggling, the leaflet on legal possibilities for setting up JITs between EU and non-EU States in illegal immigrant smuggling cases, jointly Cooperation with other agencies and bodies prepared with the JITs Network Secretariat, as well as analyses of lessons learned Eurojust is part of the Justice and Home from jurisprudence in illegal immigrant smuggling cases for the use of Affairs Agencies’ network. In particular, it practitioners. collaborates with Europol, EMCDDA, FRA, eu-LISA, CEPOL, EASO and Frontex in order coordination centres. Eurojust also provides Sources to establish synergies and maximise their judicial expertise to Europol’s European •• Eurojust Multi-Annual Strategy 2016-2018 operational added value in combatting Cybercrime Centre (EC3). •• Eurojust Annual Report 2015 serious crimes. They exchange data •• Eurojust Annual Work Programme 2016 and knowledge on topics such as drug Eurojust closely cooperates with national •• Eurojust’s website, trafficking, trafficking in human beings and authorities and the EU Institutions, as well www.eurojust.europa.eu, consulted on illegal immigration. as other partners such as the European 22 September 2016 Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF), the European Eurojust collaborates with EASO, Frontex Judicial Training Network (EJTN), INTERPOL and Europol on the ‘Hotspot’ approach, or the United Nations Office on Drugs and providing on-the-spot support helping to Crime (UNODC). face exceptional migration pressures. They facilitate the investigation and prosecution Eurojust also signed cooperation of smuggling and trafficking of human agreements with some third countries beings, as well as assist national authorities in order to combat cross-border serious in identifying, registering and fingerprinting crime, such as Switzerland, the USA, the migrants. Norway, Liechtenstein, Iceland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Eurojust and Europol regularly exchange Montenegro and Ukraine. information on their mutual operations. Moreover, Europol participates in a large number of coordination meetings and

163. Eurojust Annual Report 2015, p. 7. , consulted on 22 September 2016.

148 Fusion for Energy

fi

F4E

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER ENERGY JOBS, COMMISSION UNION & GROWTH & CLIMATE PRIORITIES INVESTMENT CHANGE

F4E’s roide Euratos contribution to roide Euratos contribution to reare and coordinate a rograe of actiities Strategic the ER nternational Fusion Energy broader approach activities with Japan in rearation for the construction of a deonstra- Objectives Organisation for the raid realisation of fusion energy tion fusion reactor and related facilities

F4E’s Overseeing the preparation roiding the Es nancial eeloing and anufacturing rearing for the rst deonstration Strategic of the ER site contribution and sta to high technology coonents for fusion reactors and aterials test Activities the research projects ITER and the Broader Approach facilities

The agency at a glance Background • the Joint Implementation of the • Type: Euratom body The increased global demand for energy, Broad Approach Activities in the • Foundation year: 2007 coupled with the economic, political Field of Fusion Energy Research • Location: Barcelona, Spain and environmental risks associated with with Japan, which aims at accelerating • Staff: 463 FTEs (AWP 2016) fossil fuels, has prompted Europe and its the development of fusion energy by international partners to advance fusion cooperating on projects of mutual F4E is responsible for providing Europe’s energy research towards the construction interest, including preparations for contribution to ITER, the world’s largest of the first demonstration commercial new materials testing facilities, as a scientific partnership that aims to reactor. Energy produced by fusion could complement to ITER. demonstrate fusion as a viable and in this respect contribute to the diversity, • F4E is in charge of providing the Union’s sustainable source of energy. ITER brings sustainability and security of the European contribution to these projects, as well together seven parties that represent half energy supply system in the second half of as preparing the construction of a of the world’s population – the European the twenty-first century. For that purpose, demonstration fusion reactor and related Union, Russia, Japan, China, India, South Europe has entered two international materials. Korea and the United States. agreements regarding:

F4E also supports fusion research and Contribution to jobs, growth and development initiatives through the • the Establishment of the ITER investment Broader Approach Agreement, signed with International Fusion Energy To provide Euratom’s contribution to ITER Japan – a fusion energy partnership which Organisation (ITER IO) for the Joint and the Broader Approach and enhance will last for 10 years. Implementation of the ITER Project fusion technologies, F4E finances research with China, India, Japan, , projects through grants and awards Ultimately, F4E will contribute towards Russia and the USA: ITER is the world’s numerous procurement contracts to the construction of demonstration fusion largest research and engineering project manufacture ITER components to European reactors. It was set up for 35 years. on the viability and sustainability of fusion industry, SMEs and fusion laboratories. F4E as an energy source; has developed an industrial policy which

149 aims at the full deployment of the industrial political, geopolitical or environmental and research potential and capabilities circumstances. of its members. By involving European industry actors, it also contributes to Contribution to Europe’s footprint broadening the EU industrial base of fusion in international research on fusion Supporting European technology to ensure its competitiveness in energy the future fusion market. By taking part in international scientific industry and research collaboration projects, F4E is instrumental organisations The organisation’s activities foster in strengthening international research innovation and competitiveness cooperation. In addition, it encourages in emerging technologies, thereby the association of third countries’ nuclear By 2015, during its 8 years of contributing to the EU Innovation Union fusion programmes with the Euratom existence, F4E had already initiative and stimulating job creation and programmes, reinforcing this way Europe’s achieved an impressive record in growth in Europe. capacity and standing as a leading actor in supporting European industry and the emerging field of fusion energy. laboratories: Moreover, by thriving to develop an • 400 contracts awarded to economically competitive source of energy Cooperation with other agencies and industry and SMEs in the coming decades, the organisation bodies • 150 grants awarded is contributing to the long-term F4E is sharing its information technology (IT) • Total value over €3.57 billion competitiveness of European citizens and backup infrastructure with EMSA in order to • Supporting over 400 European companies. increase its disaster recovery capacity. companies in 20 EU Member The organisation also works with other EU States and Switzerland Contribution to building a resilient agencies on improving its communication • Supporting over 65 R&D Energy Union with a forward-looking towards stakeholders by organising organisations. climate change policy workshops to share good practice F4E works towards developing fusion and exchange know-how in the field of Sources energy as “a potentially limitless, safe, communication. •• Council Decision 2007/198/Euratom sustainable, environmentally responsible •• Treaty on European Union source of energy”164 It is therefore •• What is Fusion for Energy? committed to ensuring the world’s •• F4E Website: WWW.FUSIONFORENERGY. sustainable development in the long term EUROPA.EU by replacing polluting fossil fuels with a •• ITER website: HTTPS://WWW.ITER.ORG/ cleaner source of energy. This directly •• F4E Annual Report 2014 contributes to the Lisbon Treaty objective of •• F4E Work Programme 2016 improving the quality of the environment165.

Furthermore, fusion could significantly reinforce the energy security of Europe and other importing regions as it is a potentially limitless source of energy directly available on anywhere. Its supply would therefore not be contingent upon economic,

164. Council Decision 2007/198/Euratom, Recital 1. 165. Treaty on European Union, Article 3.3.

150 FCH JU Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking

FCH JU works towards developing a strong, sustainable and globally competitive European fuel cells and hydrogen sector with technology applications for transport and energy systems. By sustaining innovation and the market entry of technology applications, it fosters Smart and Inclusive Growth in Europe. It promotes solutions to increase energy efficiency, energy security and lower environmental impact, therefore taking part in the transition towards Sustainable Growth.

FCH 2 JU

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER ENERGY JOBS, COMMISSION UNION & GROWTH & CLIMATE PRIORITIES INVESTMENT CHANGE

FCH 2 JU’s Boost the share of FCH technologies in Ensure a world leading Secure inclusive growth for Strategic a sustainable, low-carbon energy and competitive European FCH Europe’s FCH industry, Objectives transport system industry increasing and safeguarding jobs

FCH 2 JU’s Development and demonstration Strategic Industry-led applied research activities Activities

The agency at a glance converters offer the possibility to reduce in transport, energy and portable • Type: Joint Undertaking emissions, enhance energy security applications. • Foundation year: 2008 and stimulate growth in Europe as they • Location: Brussels, Belgium allow the integration of renewables in Contribution to jobs, growth and • Staff: 26 FTEs (AWP 2016) the European energy system. However, investment the current level of competitiveness and The FCH 2 JU aims at boosting investment The FCH JU’s mission is to performance of FCH technologies and to increase the cost-competitiveness “develop by 2020 to the point of the lack of infrastructures and regulations and performance of FCH technologies market readiness, a portfolio of deter investments for their large-scale and thereby to encourage their large- clean, efficient and affordable deployment in Europe. scale commercialisation. By fostering solutions that fully demonstrate the cooperation of all European industry the potential of hydrogen as an A public-private partnership, the first actors, in particular small and medium- energy carrier and of fuel cells as FCH JU, was set up in 2008 to encourage sized enterprises (SMEs), with the research energy converters, as part of a coordination between research and community, it seeks to let research on system that integrates sustainable industry and leverage public and private FCH be driven by industry needs and and secure supply with low funds to accelerate the commercialisation thus ensure that results feed directly carbon stationary and transport of FCH technologies. Its work continues into industrial, marketable outcomes. technologies”166. with the new FCH 2 JU, which gathers the Its activities contribute to boosting the European Union, over 80 companies and 60 competitiveness of the European industry research institutions and universities under in a nascent sector with significant growth Background the EU Horizon 2020 research programme potential, thus laying the ground for Fuel cells and hydrogen (FCH) technologies for 2014-2020. The FCH 2 JU offers a sustainable, knowledge-based economic hold great potential for energy and platform for industry-led applied research, growth and jobs creation in the Union. transport applications for Europe’s development and demonstration activities transition towards a low-carbon, to foster and demonstrate advancement Moreover, FCH technologies have competitive economy. Hydrogen as an of European technology applications applications in transport and energy energy carrier and fuel cells as energy

166. FC 2 JU Multi-annual work programme 2014-2020, p.21. 151 systems, which constitute the two pillars Moreover, it contributes to enhancing of FCH 2 JU activities, as well as cross- energy security by promoting technologies cutting activities and overarching topics. By which allow the storage and integration of contributing to the advancement of efficient renewable energy sources in the European transport and energy systems including energy system. The FCH 2 JU therefore Improving the electric passenger vehicles and buses, plays a key role in the development of the hydrogen refuelling stations and Auxiliary Energy Union. competitiveness of Power Units for aviation, maritime, rail and the FCH sector in the off-road sector, the FCH 2 JU can trigger Cooperation with other bodies and beneficial impacts for other sectors by agencies Europe reducing energy and transport costs. The FCH 2 JU collaborates with other stakeholders involved in the Strategic The FCH JU has already had Contribution to a resilient Energy Energy Technology (SET) Plan towards a significant impact on the Union with a forward-looking climate reinforcing supply chains and building commercial and technical progress change policy industrial capacity to improve resource within the FCH sector. A survey of The FCH 2 JU is dedicated to fostering the efficiency, climate change mitigation and companies involved in the sector development and commercialisation of FCH energy security in Europe. showed strong positive trends in technology applications as a competitive investment, jobs and turnover, with alternative to conventional technologies The JU coordinates its activities with estimations showing: with negative environmental impact. By national and regional initiatives and • 6% more jobs per year since boosting the share of renewables in the research programmes in EU Member 2007, amounting to around 4,000 European energy mix through hydrogen as States and associated countries. It also FTEs; an energy carrier and the use of fuel cells promotes international cooperation on • 16% more patents granted to for transport applications, it directly works FCH research to facilitate the market European companies for FCH in towards increasing resource efficiency introduction of FCH technologies at the the Union per year compared to and climate change mitigation in Europe. global scale. the average annual growth for all This directly relates to the Lisbon Treaty EU industries of 1.5%; objective of protection and improvement of Sources • A 10% increase per annum in 167 the quality of the environment and to the •• Treaty on European Union annual turnover; EU’s commitment to achieve a low-carbon •• Council Regulation (EU) 559/2014 • An 8% increase in R&D economy by 2050. •• Strategic Energy Technology Plan expenditures; •• 2nd Interim Evaluation of the FCH JU • A 6% increase in market “Europe is a technology •• FCH 2 JU Multi-annual Work Plan deployment expenditures. •• FCH JU Annual Report 2014 • Source: Trends in investments, leader in certain FCH •• FCH 2 JU 2016 Work Programme jobs and turnover in the Fuel applications and very •• Commission Communication “A Framework cells and Hydrogen sector. Strategy for a Resilient Energy Union with a Brussels: Fuel Cells and competitive in others. Forward-Looking Climate Change Policy” Hydrogen Joint Undertaking, FCH Notable technological JU, 2013 progress has been made by European companies in all sectors, particularly road transport, due in part to consistent and long term public support for projects funded in by the countries, the European Research and Development Framework Programmes and the FCH 1 JU.”168

167. Treaty on European Union, Article 3.3. 168. FCH JU Multi-Annual Work Plan 2014-2020, p.11.

152 European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights

fi

FRA

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER COMMISSION JUSTICE & FUNDAMENTAL PRIORITIES RIGHTS

FRA’s Strategic Freedoms Euality ustice Themes

FRA’s Provide independent ata collection research Disseminate research Strategic evidence-based advice and analysis results and raise aareness Activities

The agency at a glance European Union, which is legally binding on the Freedoms • Type: Decentralised EU Agency EU institutions and on national governments Under the ‘freedoms’ thematic area, FRA works • Foundation year: 2007 when implementing EU law. towards the promotion and safeguarding of • Location: Vienna, Austria In order to realise its mission, FRA gathers fundamental rights in the fields of: • Staff: 116 FTEs (AWP 2016) data and carries out transnational research • Immigration and integration of migrants, and comparative analysis to provide visa, border control and asylum; FRA’s mission is to “help [making] independent evidence-based expertise, fundamental rights a reality conclusions and opinions to EU Institutions • Information society and, in particular, for everyone in the European and Member States. respect for private life and protection of Union”169. personal data. Furthermore, FRA is carrying out communication and awareness-raising Equality Contribution to the area of Justice and activities in relation to fundamental rights FRA works on different streams within the Fundamental Rights issues in order to ensure the effective equality thematic area to ensure equal FRA’s objective is to support EU Institutions, impact of its work on policy-making. treatment for everyone: Member States and other bodies when they • Rights of the child; take measures or formulate courses of action FRA carries out its tasks, missions and within their respective spheres of competence activities along three broad thematic areas, • Roma integration; to fully respect fundamental rights. The Agency i.e. freedoms, equality and justice, that • , xenophobia and related fulfils its objective by issuing reports and involve different work streams defined by intolerance; opinions, as well as by raising awareness on the Council of the EU every five years, as fundamental rights issues. The EU recognises the Agency’s “multi-annual framework”. The • Discrimination based on sex, race, colour, rights, freedoms and principles set out in present framework (2012-2017) includes: ethnic or social origin, genetic features, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the language, religion or belief, political or any

169. FRA Strategic Plan 2013 – 2017, p.3. 153 other opinion, membership of a national social cohesion through all those different minority, property, birth, disability, age or aspects contributes towards Europe’s sexual orientation. competitiveness.

Justice Cooperation with other agencies and FRA and the asylum In the justice thematic area, FRA provides bodies expertise and assistance on fundamental FRA is part of the Justice and Home Affairs crisis rights of: Agencies’ network, and in 2016 chaired this network. It collaborates with the members •• Access to justice including judicial FRA has responded to the asylum thereof (i.e. CEPOL, EASO, EIGE, eu-LISA, cooperation (except in criminal matters) crisis with the provision of weekly EIGE, EMCDDA, Eurojust, Europol and at EU and Member State level, including and, more recently, monthly Frontex) in order to help them respect for marginalised groups; overviews of the crisis as it relates fundamental rights in their respective to the situation on the ground •• -Victims of crime - by promoting their area of work, e.g. by collaborating on joint in nine EU Member States. The right to have access to justice, and by initiatives, and by providing their staff with Agency’s reporting on the impact focusing on specific victims such as training. FRA also collaborates in a similar of the asylum crisis, which has victims of gender-based violence and hate manner with Eurofound. systematically addressed issues crime. FRA collaborates with the EU Institutions, ranging from reception conditions Member States, social partners and through to manifestations of hate The contribution of fundamental rights civil society organisations, and with crime against asylum seekers, to the internal market international organisations such as the has furnished key actors with The respect and promotion of fundamental Council of Europe, the United Nations, the a unique overview of on-going rights underpin many aspects of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation fundamental rights concerns and Single Market, and represent therefore in Europe (OSCE), and the EEA and Norway how the authorities are responding an enabler to smart, sustainable and Grants. to them. inclusive growth. For example, the fundamental right to data protection Sources In addition, since the first half of lays at the basis of every development •• FRA Strategic Plan 2013 – 2017 2016, the Agency has had a small towards a digital society. Ensuring •• Presentation of Fundamental Rights presence of staff in the Greek equal treatment for all and, in particular Report 2016 by Chairperson of hotspots who have provided for vulnerable groups, such as Roma, Management Board, http://fra.europa. fundamental rights expertise to persons with disabilities, etc. contributes eu/en/speech/2016/presentation- key actors on the ground, ranging to the elimination of poverty and social fundamental-rights-report-2016- from the Commission and other exclusion. FRA’s work on indicators chairperson-management-board, Agencies, through to local actors. and monitoring the implementation, consulted on 28 June 2016 With the provision of timely outcome and impact of policy measures •• FRA Annual work programme 2016, evidence concerning nine Member contributes to evidence-based planning, http://fra.europa.eu/en/about-fra/ States, and with dedicated input implementation and evaluation of social what-we-do/annual-work-programme, in Greece – which is resulting in inclusion and poverty reduction measures consulted on 28 June 2016 practical initiatives, such as training e.g. concerning minorities and persons – the Agency has served to ensure with disabilities. Furthermore, reporting that fundamental rights remain regularly on the situation of migrants, visible with respect to asylum. in housing, healthcare, education, employment and non-discriminatory recognition of qualifications and skills, also contributes to this end. Working on

154 Frontex EUROPEAN BORDER AND COAST GUARD AGENCY European Border and Coast Guard Agency

Frontex contributes to inclusive growth within the EU’s Single Market through its work regarding the Juncker Plan priorities ‘migration policy’ and ‘justice and fundamental rights’, by increasing operational cooperation in border control. Through its activities and relationships with third countries, Frontex’ work is also relevant for the priority “Europe in the world”.

Frontex

EU 2020 SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH PILLARS

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER JUSTICE & COMMISSION FUNDAMENTAL MIGRATION PRIORITIES RIGHTS

Frontex’s Support the MS to achieve an Coordinate operational and EU measures Develop capacities at MS and EU level as combined instruments to strategic efficient, high and uniform to jointly respond to exceptional situations tackle challenges focusing on migration flows, but also contributing objectives level of border control at the external borders to fight cross border crime and terrorism at the external borders

Frontex’s Joint Management Situational Research & External Strategic operations and Risk Analysis of pooled Eurosur Training monitoring Innovation relations Activities Pilot projects resources

The agency at a glance Contribution to the area of Justice and Situation Monitoring and Risk Analysis • Type: Decentralised Agency Fundamental Rights Frontex collects, analyses and distributes • Foundation year: 2004 (2016170) At the core of the EU’s Single Market, information related to the situation at • Location: Warsaw, Poland lies the free movement of goods, capital, the external borders in order to identify • Staff: 417 FTEs (AWP 2016) services and people. Border controls potential threats, risks and vulnerabilities not only hamper the free movement of (e.g. cross-border crime or irregular The key role of Frontex is to establish a persons, they also come with significant migration) and forecast future trends in technical and operational strategy for economic cost. In order to promote the migration and cross-border crime. The implementation of integrated border free movement of people, most of the EU agency publishes daily reports, bulletins management at Union level, and to oversee Members States and associate countries171 and alerts on the current situation, which the effective functioning of border control created between them a free-travel area are useful in emergency situations or at the EU external borders. without internal borders - the Schengen during joint operations of EU border guard Area. However, the external borders of this teams. Frontex also created “Eurosur”, an The agency provides technical and area are still controlled by several national information exchange platform allowing the operational assistance to Member States authorities. dissemination of information to Member through joint operations and rapid border States and other partners in a more interventions, and ensures the practical In this context, Frontex works towards the efficient way. As of 2017 Frontex will also execution of measures in a situation maintenance of the free movement area. conduct stress tests of Member States’ requiring urgent action at the external The agency facilitates the operational border management capabilities to face borders. cooperation between EU Member States pressure at the external borders. If it is and Schengen Associated Countries in determined that help is needed Frontex Moreover, Frontex provides technical and order to establish common rules, standards will propose assistance packages to the operational assistance in the support and procedures for external border control. Member States concerned. of search-and-rescue operations for In order to fulfil this mission, Frontex carries persons in distress at sea, as well as out different types of activities mentioned Joint Return Operations organises, coordinates and conducts return below. In case a third country national has operations. exhausted all legal possibilities of staying in the EU, s/he can be repatriated to his/

170. Regulation (EU) 2016/1624 created the European Border and Coast Guard Agency 171. Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. 155 her country of origin on the basis of a just deploys technical equipment and border decision. If a migrant who receives a legal guards from other Member States to decision to leave the EU territory does not patrol and carry out border checks. do so voluntarily, s/he might be forcibly These guest officers work together with returned by means of a return flight. Most the officers from the country hosting European coast-guard flights are nowadays organised by national the operation. Frontex may also deploy authorities. Frontex is coordinating such screening officers to help in identifying, function initiatives at the European level in order to registering, fingerprinting and checking reduce costs and increase efficiency: joint the status of all migrants against relevant In 2015 alone, vessels and airplanes return flights are organised to repatriate databases. Debriefing officers that collect taking part in Frontex-coordinated migrants from different Member States to voluntarily provided information on people operations rescued 254 693 a specific country. smuggling networks could also be working persons, which was almost 700 in JOs. In case of emergencies Frontex can persons per day, on average. Training also dispatch rapid response teams. Frontex develops training programmes In the same year during the and organises training sessions for Cooperation with other agencies and maritime joint operations different European border guards to enhance bodies types of cross-border crime were harmonisation of border control goals, Frontex is part of the Justice and Home detected: methods, standards and terminology. Affairs Agencies’ network. It collaborates •• some 106 tonnes of hashish worth Although countries have different training with more than EUR 160m., 10.3 kg of needs since the nature of their borders •• EAS O on topics related to asylum; cocaine, 11.3 kg of heroin and 5.4 differs (land or sea), training is important kg marijuana worth EUR 1.3 were to improve partnership and effective •• Europ ol and CEPOL on topics such seized. cooperation between countries, especially as trafficking in human beings and drug •• there were 336 million contraband during joint operations. Moreover, Frontex smuggling; cigarettes worth EUR 38 m. seized has developed training courses to develop •• FRA to promote fundamental rights in the and a dozen cases of possible illegal specific skills such as countering trafficking various aspects of border management; fishing and sea pollution were in human beings, detection of stolen detected and reported. vehicles or falsified documents, etc. •• eu-LISA on e.g. the fingerprint database. As of October 2016, Frontex’s Research & Innovation mandate covers a coastguard Technology plays an important role in Moreover, Frontex collaborates with EASO, function in areas where border border checks and surveillance, both Europol and Eurojust on the ‘Hotspot’ control and coast guard tasks as an opportunity and a challenge. On approach, providing on-the-spot staff and overlap. one hand, it makes border control more equipment to face exceptional migration efficient, easier and safer; on the other pressures. They assist national authorities The agency will use this hand, it increases criminal techniques to identify, register and fingerprint opportunity to strengthen to forge or falsify documents. Frontex the migrants, as well as support the cooperation with national and hence works as interface between the investigation on smuggling and trafficking European coast guard authorities, border control profession and the relevant of human beings. Frontex has also an including the EU sister-agencies: specialised technology industry, research agreement with SatCen to be provided the European Maritime Safety organisations and scientists, transmitting with satellite imagery (e.g. of ports or other Agency (EMSA) and the European the challenges faced by the former to the coastal areas) for the purpose of border Fisheries Control Agency (EFCA). latter. Similarly, Frontex monitors new surveillance. R&D developments to keep border guard Sources authorities updated. The agency collaborates closely with •• Frontex General Report 2015 EMSA and EFCA on maritime surveillance •• Frontex at a glance Contribution towards a new policy on matters. •• Frontex’ Single Programming Document migration 2016-2019 Joint Operations (JOs) at the external Additionally Frontex works with borders international organisations and bodies When a Member State encounters such as the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR), exceptional migratory pressure at its Interpol, or the International Organization external (sea, air or land) border, Frontex for Migration (IOM).

156 GSA European Global Navigation Satellite Systems Agency

GSA is the regulatory agency supporting the European Union’s satellite navigation programmes, Galileo and EGNOS. By contributing to develop GNSS-related technology applications and services adapted to user needs, it fosters Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth in Europe.

GSA

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER ENERGY JOBS, DIGITAL JUSTICE & COMMISSION INTERNAL UNION & GROWTH & SINGLE FUNDAMENTAL MIGRATION MARKET CLIMATE PRIORITIES INVESTMENT MARKET RIGHTS CHANGE

GSA’s Design and enable GNSS services Manage the provision of quality, Engage market stakeholders to Ensure the safety, safety and Strategic responding to user needs cost-efficient services ensuring develop GNSS applications, accessibility of the European Objectives user satisfaction services and user technology GNSS services and operations

GSA’s Operation of the Galileo EGNOS and Galileo Security Market development Strategic security monitoring system operation/ accreditation of GNSS Activities centres exploitation

The agency at a glance •• The Galileo programme is Europe’s of GNSS performance among the public • Type: Decentralised EU Agency GNSS, dedicated to providing a highly and the industry and promoting GNSS • Foundation year: 2004 accurate global positioning service. applications and services. These generate • Location: Prague, Czech Republic Galileo aims to achieve Europe’s technological benefits based on satellite • Staff: 145 FTEs (AWP 2016) independence in satellite navigation signals in numerous sectors across the under civilian control while also being European economy. GSA’S mission is to “support interoperable with other global satellite the European Union objectives navigation systems, the US’ GSP and GSA thereby reinforces Europe’s presence 174 and achieve the highest return Russia’s GLONASS . in the growing satellite navigation services market. This sector holds strong potential on European GNSS investment, •• The European Geostationary for industry development, job creation in terms of benefits to users Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) and economic growth through new and economic growth and is a regional satellite-based system business opportunities and increased competitiveness.”172 which aims to improve the accuracy and competitiveness. The EU’s GNSS reliability of GPS and after 2020 also programmes already support over 50 000 Galileo information by correcting signal Background jobs and Galileo and EGNOS are expected measurement errors and providing Many sectors of the European economy to deliver almost €50 billion to the economy information on the integrity of signals. rely on the availability of global navigation until 2027. GSA thus contributes to Smart satellite services for applications in Growth in Europe. transport, logistics, energy and other The ultimate goal of these programmes is to translate space technology into services for professional fields. Contribution to a connected Digital European citizens and companies. Single Market Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) The space programmes supported by Contribution to jobs, growth and is “a constellation of satellites providing GSA are instrumental in the creation of a investment signals from space that transmit positioning connected Digital Single Market. They are key GSA contributes to the market and timing data to GNSS receivers. The enablers for new digital trends such as Big development of the European GNSS by receivers use this data to determine Data, autonomous vehicles and the Internet 173 supporting private and public research and location” . The European Union has set up of Things, which increase connectivity in development efforts, raising awareness two satellite navigation programmes: Europe. GNSS-derived time constitutes the

172. GSA website. See: https://www.gsa.europa.eu/gsa/about-gsa, consulted on 29 August 2016. 173. GSA website, “What is GNSS?”. See: https://www.gsa.europa.eu/european-gnss/what-gnss. 157 174. Galileo programme webpage. See: http://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/space/galileo_en. reference for telecom networks and financial Moreover, it is key in translating the ensuring the security and coordination of transactions, while GNSS location services advances deriving from the EU’s satellite public regulated services. These are used facilitate the development of e-commerce. navigation programmes into facilitators in Member States for sensitive applications GSA is therefore a major stakeholder in the for the functioning of the internal market requiring effective access control and a implementation of the Digital Agenda for across all economic sectors. By allowing high level of service continuity, even in crisis Europe. these to benefit all European citizens, GSA is situations. contributing to Inclusive Growth. “Space is the new Contribution to an area of justice and technological revolution fundamental rights and a new policy on and it is changing the way migration The European GNSS operated by GSA will, if Space technologies we live, work and play. the relevant legislation is approved, ensure helping save lives GSA’s core mission is to the precise location of 112 emergency calls, thus contributing to saving thousands of lives ensure that European in Europe every year. The eCall regulation requires that, citizens get the most out of as of April 2018, all new models The EU’s space programmes and their of passenger cars and vans that Europe’s satellite navigation applications also help authorities to fight will be commercialised in Europe programmes.”175 and terrorism. Their be equipped with the automated monitoring capacities are paramount to the emergency-Call. efficiency of patrolling, search and rescue The European eCall system, which Contribution to a resilient Energy Union initiatives. provides an accurate GNSS location with a forward-looking climate change of an accident by using EGNOS and policy For these purposes, GSA actively contributes Galileo, will significantly improve GSA works towards the development and to the development and safe use of the the response time of emergency market entry of the EU space programmes, Galileo Public Regulated Services (PRS). services. It contributes to the which provide beneficial solutions used by These are encrypted navigation services market development of services other sectors for the implementation of for Member States government authorised derived from space programmes Europe’s sustainable energy and environment users (e.g. emergency services and the police) advances. strategies. For instance, outlining fuel- and sensitive applications requiring high These foster further democratic efficient flight paths and landing or enabling continuity. involvement from European precision farming allow reducing the negative citizens. It empowers them by environmental impact of many sectors and Contribution to making Europe a offering services such as real-time reinforcing resource efficiency in Europe. stronger global actor voting via smartphones or crowd- Through its contribution to the development sourced petitioning. Contribution to a deeper and fairer of the only GNSS programme under civilian internal market with a strengthened control in the world, Galileo, GSA also Sources industrial base guarantees Europe’s autonomy. Finally, its •• Regulation (EU) 912/2010 GSA ensures the security of the European technology applications enable it to play •• Decision No 1104/2011/EU GNSS by providing security accreditations a larger role in global disaster relief and •• Regulation (EU) 512/2014 176 for Galileo satellite launches and monitoring development projects . •• Council Decision 2014/496/CFSP the programme’s activities. The Agency is •• GSA website: https://www.gsa.europa.eu/ in charge of EGNOS, which works towards Moreover, through the Galileo Security •• Galileo webpage: http://ec.europa.eu/ improving the accuracy and reliability of GPS Monitoring Centre, GSA plays an growth/sectors/space/galileo_en and soon Galileo information, thus the trust instrumental role in averting threats to of localisation services users. the security of the Union and Member States and mitigating serious harm It also strengthens the EU industrial base arising from the deployment, operation through considerable efficiency gains: it is or use of the European GNSS. GSA also estimated that EGNOS and Galileo have includes an autonomous body, the contributed to over 800 million hours’ worth Security Accreditation Board, which takes of efficiency gains in the manufacturing accreditation decisions for Galileo and sector. EGNOS. Finally, GSA plays a key role in

175. GSA website. See: https://www.gsa.europa.eu/gsa/about-gsa. 176. GSA website. See: https://www.gsa.europa.eu/about/about-gsa/space-european-priority.

158 Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking

IMI 2 JU

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF EU TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER JOBS, COMMISSION INTERNAL GROWTH & MARKET PRIORITIES INVESTMENT

IMI 2 JU’s ncrease the success Reduce the tie to reach eelo ne theraies for eelo diagnostic and Reduce the failure rate roe the drug Strategic rate in clinical trials of clinical roof of concet in diseases for hich there is treatment biomarkers of accine candidates deeloent rocess Objectives riority edicines edicine deeloent a high unet need for diseases in hase trials

Managing roects under the th ounicating to deonstrate IMI 2 JU’s aunching calls for Eanding the basis of eternal Framework Research Programme the artnershis added alue to Strategic roosals collaborations and artnershis Activities and orion E citiens

The agency at a glance IMI 2 JU projects cover the full spectrum IMI1 launched over 50 projects, covering • Type: Joint Undertaking (JU) of drug discovery and development, from areas as diverse as dementia, antimicrobial • Foundation year:2008 understanding the underlying causes of resistance, diabetes, medicines safety, and • Location: Brussels, Belgium disease and identifying potential drugs education and training. • Staff: 41 FTEs (AWP 2016) and drug targets, through testing potential drugs for safety and efficacy, to clinical trial “With IMI2, we have the IMI’s mission is to “support […] the design, and monitoring the benefits and development and implementation risks of medicines and vaccines once they opportunity to build on of pre-competitive research are in use. accomplishments of IMI1 and of innovation activities of strategic importance to the IMI 2 JU was set up in 2008 as a joint and further align medical Union’s competitiveness and undertaking between the EU (represented research programmes and industrial leadership or to address by the European Commission) and the specific societal challenges […], European pharmaceutical industry public health priorities. and in particular the challenge to (represented by EFPIA, the European This gains in importance improve European citizens’ health Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and well-being” and “to contribute and Associations). day-by-day as society faces to the objectives of the Joint increasing challenges in Technology Initiative on Innovative In its first phase (‘IMI1’: 2008-2013), IMI 2 Medicines”177. JU had a total budget of €2 billion, making difficult areas, such as it the largest life sciences public-private age-related illnesses and partnership in the world. Half of the budget 178 Background came from the EU’s Seventh Framework chronic diseases.” Drug development is a long, expensive Programme for Research (FP7). The and complicated process with numerous other half of the budget came as ‘in-kind bottlenecks. As a result, there are still many contributions’ from EFPIA companies, who diseases and conditions for which there is pay for their own participation in IMI 2 JU and Innovation no cure or little in the way of treatments. projects.

177. Council Regulation (EU) 557/2014, Article 2. 178. Strategic Research Agenda for IMI2, p.3. 159 In 2014, IMI’s second phase (“IMI2”) was need. Involving citizens and patients at launched, with more ambitious goals and the very first stages of the research and a €3.3 billion budget coming jointly from development process is instrumental in Horizon 2020 and the industry. better understanding their needs and delivering tailored integrated treatment Tackling unmet needs Collaboration is key to IMI’s success. programmes with maximised effectiveness IMI’s projects represent a community of and minimised risks for patients. – collaborating for over 9 000 researchers from academia, cures pharmaceutical companies, other sectoral In the long run, the IMI’s results should companies, SMEs, patient groups and contribute to speeding up patient access to regulators from across Europe. Through innovative medicines. This would reinforce Taking on the scourge of IMI, they are working together to tackle the ability of the internal market to contribute antimicrobial resistance some of the biggest challenges in health to all citizens’ well-being, a fundamental The TRANSLOCATION project research – challenges of direct concern objective of the Union179 and a pillar of the has worked out the structure of to the health of European citizens that European health policy, Health 2020. proteins involved in transporting are simply too big for any single company, substances (including, potentially university or even country to take on alone. Cooperation with other agencies and antibiotics) into and out of bacterial IMI 2 JU facilitates these collaborations by bodies cells. This knowledge will aid in the acting as a neutral third party, providing As many IMI 2 JU projects have development of new antibiotics. support to all partners during the whole consequences on decision making by project medicines regulators, IMI 2 JU works closely Better clinical trials for cycle. with the EMA and other regulatory bodies. Alzheimer’s disease IMI 2 JU also encourages its consortia to The EPAD project is pioneering a Contribution to jobs, growth and engage in early dialogue with regulators. novel, more flexible approach to investment ECDC is involved in some IMI 2 JU projects. clinical trials of drugs designed By creating long-lasting collaborative IMI 2 JU works closely with other Joint to prevent Alzheimer’s dementia. networks and leveraging additional industry Undertakings to share best practices and The ‘adaptive’ trial design should funding, IMI 2 JU is reinforcing Europe’s resources, as well as with EMCDDA on the deliver better results faster and at scientific leadership in medical sciences and sharing of software. lower cost. boosting the competitiveness of European companies involved in the pharmaceutical Sources New tools to study diabetes sector, especially SMEs. By fostering the •• Treaty on European Union In a world first, the IMIDIA project sharing of knowledge, resources and •• Council Regulation (EU) 557/2014 developed the world’s first expertise among all stakeholders, IMI 2 JU •• Strategic Research Agenda for IMI2 functional line of human pancreatic delivers new knowledge and will help to •• IMI JU 2014 Annual Activity Report beta cells (the cells which go wrong speed up medicines development and allow •• Report on the outcome of IMI 2 JU project in diabetes). These make it easier commercial opportunities based on new participants’ questionnaire for scientists to study diabetes products and processes to emerge. •• IMI Highlights 2015 in the lab – a key step in the IMI 2 JU therefore contributes to the •• IMI 2 JU 2016 Annual Work Plan development of new treatments. establishment of smart economic growth models based on innovation.

Contribution to a deeper and fairer internal market with a strengthened industrial base IMI’s research agenda focuses on areas of public health interest and unmet medical

179. Treaty on European Union, Article 3.1. 180. Third States are non-EU NATO members and candidates for accession to the EU.

160 SatCen European Union Satellite Centre

SatCen contributes to strengthening the EU’s position as a global actor in the world by supporting the decision making of the EU in the field of Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and in particular Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) through its actions in geospatial intelligence, training and capability development. Via its activities fostering innovation and research, it also contributes to job creation, growth and investment in the internal market, and as a result to Smart Growth.

SatCen

EU 2020 SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH PILLARS

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER COMMISSION JOBS, A STRONGER GROWTH & GLOBAL PRIORITIES INVESTMENT ACTOR

SatCen’s Support the decision making of Strategic the EU in the field of CFSP and Objectives in particular CSDP

SatCen’s Strategic Geospacial Intelligence Training Capability development Activities

The agency at a glance them to take diplomatic, economic and •• critical infrastructure, i.e. physical or • Type: Agency under the CSDP humanitarian decisions in a timely manner. virtual systems and assets that would • Foundation year: 2002 To facilitate cooperative decision-making, have impacts on security, health or safety • Location: Madrid, Spain emergency response and intervention if destroyed (e.g. dams, water treatment • Staff: 121 FTEs in 2016 planning, SatCen offers three main services. facilities, oil fields, pipelines, pumping stations, airports, highway, governmental SatCen’s mission is to support 1. Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT) & buildings, etc.); Imagery Intelligence (IMINT) “the decision making of the •• military capabilities (military camps, IMINT addresses the analysis of satellite European Union, Member States, airfields, naval bases, etc.) to assess and aerial data to turn it into intelligence. Third States180 and international military activity, deployed forces or battle GEOINT comprises “the analysis of organisations by providing damage; products and services resulting geospatial information to describe, assess from the exploitation of space and visually depict physical features and •• weapons of mass destruction in the assets and collateral data”181. geographically referenced activities on context of non-proliferation missions, Earth”182. including nuclear fuel cycle, non- conventional weapons and chemical Contribution to strengthening the EU’s Depending on the tasks received from its weapons; position as a global actor in the world users (e.g. the European External Action •• humanitarian aid and disaster relief As a Council Agency, SatCen supports EU Service, Member States, Frontex, the missions, including the analysis of refugee political, diplomatic and operational actions Organisation for Security and Cooperation camps, state failure and insurgency and in the field of Common Foreign and Security in Europe, the UN), SatCen produces man-made and natural disasters; Policy (CFSP), and in particular Common reports that can be brief descriptions in Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), within case a fast response is needed (e.g. crisis •• contingency planning, including the framework of the Global Strategy for management), or comprehensive studies analysis of vulnerable areas, disaster the EU’s Foreign and Security Policy. It on complex areas. SatCen’s satellite assessment, support to evacuation provides decision makers with early warning imagery analyses cover: operations or rapid mapping (i.e. the of potential crises in order to enable

181. SatCen leaflet, Who we are, what we do and how we do it. 182. SatCen Annual Report 2015, p. 10. 161 production of rapid data with a minimal space environment, including operational at assessing tools that could enhance the quantity of information to be increased satellites, space debris, near Earth objects operational capacity to manage extremely over time); and space weather. The development of large and complex datasets in a timely and a European SST capability underpins the efficient manner. •• General crime and security exploitation of space assets, a key capability surveillance, including border control, contributing to autonomous access to and Job creation. Copernicus is also a tool to terrorism, piracy, drugs, illegal cropping sustainability of space for the EU and its create new applications, new opportunities, and cross-border state disputes. Member States”183. new markets and new jobs. Independent studies indicate that by 2030 nearly 48.000 2. Training jobs could be created by the application SatCen provides specific training for of Copernicus. Knowing that each Euro imagery specialists in the field of GEOINT, invested in satellite technology represents IMINT, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), a high return on investment, the number of imagery analysis of the nuclear fuel cycle business opportunities is likely to increase and nuclear weapons related facilities and SatCen support is in the coming years. imagery analysis of industrial installations. key for handling the The organisation of training also aims to Cooperation with other agencies and exchange experience and knowledge and migration crisis bodies create cohesion in GEOINT by instilling a Among the agencies working on the common culture and methods between One of the EU Operations contribution theme related to Security stakeholders. supported by SatCen is & Defence, SatCen collaborates with Mediterranean Operation Sophia, EDA on different activities, among which 3. Capability development the EU’s operation to identify, the participation in Space Situational In order to carry out its mission, SatCen capture and dispose of vessels and Awareness, and especially its defence participates in programmes to develop new assets used by migrant smugglers components, as well as for maritime (or strengthen existing) capabilities. or traffickers. With the analysis surveillance, geospatial information SatCen has actively participated in the of satellite imagery, SatCen can projects or joint studies. development of security applications of identify and monitor departure Copernicus, the EU’s Earth Observation points and routes that might be In 2015, SatCen collaborated with the EUISS Programme, including services in Support used by human smuggling and for a study on space and security. of EU External Action (to provide rapid trafficking networks. geospatial information for crisis prevention, SatCen is also supporting the EU Moreover, SatCen concluded a Service Level preparedness or response), services Agency Frontex in monitoring Agreement with Frontex on the provision of for border surveillance (cross-border coast activity and external border operational support to monitor coast and crime, illegal immigration) and maritime activity related to the migration external border activity through satellite surveillance services (illegal fishing crisis. The analysis of satellite imagery in the context of the migration activities, traffic at sea and borders). imagery is used to identify routes, crisis. SatCen participates in the implementation means of transport, patterns of the of the Space Surveillance and Tracking (SST) launch and landing operations and SatCen also collaborates with the European Support Framework (SF), a partnership border-crossing activities. Space Agency (ESA) on different activities between the Union and its Member States such as the Copernicus programme or the (MS), to improve the protection of EU space Contribution to jobs, growth & BigDataEurope project. infrastructures from man-made space investment objects. SatCen is the front-desk of the Research, Technology, Development Sources SST SF in direct contact with SST Users, and Innovation. •• SatCen’s website interfacing with MS as service providers. In the context of Horizon 2020, SatCen •• SatCen Annual Report 2015 SST is part of Space Situational Awareness is participating in the BigDataEurope •• SatCen: Who we are, what we do and how (SSA) which “refers to the knowledge of project, and in particular in the Big Data we do it location and function of space objects and in Secure Societies programme, that aims

183. SatCen Annual Report 2015, p. 24.

162 SESAR JU Single European Sky Air Traffic Management Research Joint Undertaking

SESAR JU

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER ENERGY JOBS, INTERNAL UNION & COMMISSION GROWTH & MARKET CLIMATE PRIORITIES INVESTMENT CHANGE

SESAR JU’s to reduction in to reduction in dearture delays u to to reduction in to reduction in Safety iroed igh leels additional ights landing at congested Strategic air navigation services CO2 emissions, improved ight tie u to by a factor of u of security airorts a syste caable of handling u to Objectives costs er ight ore trac noise and air uality reduction in fuel burn to 4

SESAR JU’s Reote iloted Sureillance Euroean M SESAR 1 Work Strategic Demonstration ircraft Systes ybersecurity atalink erforance and Master lan Packages Activities RS nteroerability S ileentation

The agency at a glance aims to increase the sustainability and from the European Commission’s Horizon • Type: Joint Undertaking performance of European aviation through 2020 research programme. • Foundation year: 2007 safety improvement, capacity increase, • Location: Brussels, Belgium reduction of environmental impact and Contribution to jobs, growth and • Staff: 41 FTEs (AWP 2016) aviation services cost reduction. investment The SESAR project, set up in the same The SESAR project pools experts and The SESAR JU’s mission is “to year, is in charge of the technological financial resources to overcome the cost ensure the modernisation of the element of this initiative. It is to define, inefficiencies of the European ATM system European air traffic management develop and deploy innovative solutions to and thus tackle the looming problem of system by coordinating and modernise and harmonise ATM systems airports reaching their capacity limits. The concentrating all relevant research throughout the Union. The SESAR JU SESAR solutions are paramount to avoid and development efforts”184 in the was then established in 2007 as a public- this upcoming challenge to hinder mobility, European Union. It is responsible private partnership gathering the EU and which is central to the European growth for the execution of the air traffic Eurocontrol, industry members, companies model, thereby contributing to Smart and management Master Plan. involved in ATM, universities, research Sustainable Growth in Europe. centres and aviation and ATM experts to coordinate research and innovation efforts Moreover, boosting the competitiveness Background in the EU with a budget of €2.1 billion (2008- of aviation and ATM allows the economic Fragmentation and reliance on ageing 2016). Its research and innovation activities development and job creation in a sector technology leads the European ATM systems continue under the new SESAR 2020 that employs 2 million citizens across the 185 to inefficiencies of €4 billion annually . The programme, with a budget of €1.6 billion Union. 2004 Single European Sky (SES) Initiative (2016-2024), out of which €585 million come

184. Council Regulation (EU) 219/2007, Article 2. 185. SESAR Factsheet, p.1. 163 Contribution to a resilient Energy Union passenger and €15 in ticket savings. with a forward-looking climate change It thus considerably improves air travelling policy conditions for European consumers, The environmental impact of aviation facilitates their mobility and strengthens remains a salient issue as the number of the internal market. Moreover, by offering Introducing remote flights is going to keep on increasing in the performance-enhancing solutions to coming decades. The solutions developed smaller airports, it contributes to territorial tower services (RTS) by the SESAR JU are geared towards cohesion in the Union. to reinforce territorial allowing up to 10% reduction in fuel burn and CO2 emissions. The SESAR JU also participates in the cohesion in Europe development of a Digital Society in In that respect, the project contribute to Europe through its actions in the field of Small airports are crucial for the Union’s commitment to ensure its cybersecurity and data protection. local and regional economies as transition towards a low-carbon society they generate mobility of people, to protect and improve the quality of the Cooperation with other agencies and services and goods. However, 187 environment . bodies keeping them open with air traffic The SESAR JU works closely with other EU services is challenging given their “Aviation and ATM matter and European agencies and bodies: management costs compared to • EASA provides advice on safety the number of flights they manage. for the European economy, deliverables derived from SESAR SESAR’s RTS offer alternatives which is why the SESAR concepts and is increasingly involved to places where conventional in the regulatory aspect of SESAR tower facilities and services are project is so important. activities; unavailable or too expensive to There are 27,000 flights • EDA is involved in developing the run. High-definition cameras military dimension of the SES’s and panoramic screens allow passing through Europe technological pillar, therefore traffic controllers in remote daily, representing 26 % collaborates closely with the SESAR JU; workstations to provide air traffic • ESA cooperates with the SESAR JU on and aeronautical flight information of the world market. The further facilitating the development of services in real time by providing a sector directly employs 2 satellite-based 360-degree view of a given airport. • communications for Europe’s air Sensors and controller tools enable million European citizens transport system; them to ensure flights take off and and contributes EUR • The Clean Sky 2 Research programme land safely. and the JU promote greener aviation Validation exercises in Germany, 110 billion to EU GDP. through airborne flight management Norway and Sweden have proven It ensures that remote and trajectory and environmental the safety and cost-effectiveness modelling to demonstrate the of RTS for smaller airports. In 2014, areas of Europe can stay improvements expected from the world’s first RTS in Sundsvall, connected and benefit the Clean Sky vehicle technology Sweden, started serving the developments. Örnsköldsvik airport over 150 km from industries such as away. SESAR thus contributed to a tourism.”186 Sources major shift in air traffic control to •• Regulation (EC) No 549/2004 reinforce territorial cohesion. Violeta Bulc, •• Council Resolution (EU) 219/2007 Commissioner for Transport •• Treaty on European Union •• SESAR: From vision to reality Contribution to a deeper and fairer •• SESAR Factsheet internal market with a strengthened •• European ATM Master Plan 2015 industrial base •• SESAR Annual Work Programme 2015 The SESAR JU delivers solutions which •• SESAR 2020 Multi-Annual Work significantly increase the performance of Programme the aviation and air traffic management •• Memorandum of cooperation between system. For an average trip in Europe, this the and the will soon result in improved safety by a Single European Sky ATM (SESAR) Joint factor of 4, 20 minutes shorter door-to- Undertaking door travel time, 10kg in fuel savings per

186. “SESAR: From Vision to Reality”, p.2. 187. Treaty on European Union, Article 3.3.

164 Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking

S2R JU

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF EU TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER ENERGY JOBS, COMMISSION INTERNAL UNION & GROWTH & MARKET CLIMATE PRIORITIES INVESTMENT CHANGE

S2R JU’s chiee the Single Euroean Railay Enhance the attractiveness and el the Euroean rail industry to retain Strategic rea through the reoal of reaining coetitieness of the Euroean railay and consolidate its leadershi on the global Objectives technical obstacles syste to ensure a odal shift toards rail arket for rail roducts and serices

S2R JU’s ostecient and reliable danced trac ostecient sustainable and echnologies for solutions for attractie Strategic trains including high caacity anageent control reliable high caacity sustainable attractie railay serices Activities trains and high speed trains systes infrastructure Euroean freight

The agency at a glance sustainable modes of transport such as equipment manufacturers, infrastructure • Type: Joint Undertaking rail. A crucial initiative within this policy is managers, railway undertakings) for them • Foundation year: 2014 the creation of a Single European Railway to collaborate, coordinate innovation efforts • Location: Brussels, Belgium Area that will complete the European single and exchange expertise. • Staff: 17 FTEs in 2016 market for rail by removing the remaining administrative, technical and regulatory Contribution to smart and sustainable Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking obstacles in terms of safety, market growth (S2R JU) has the objective opening and interoperability. The S2R’s objectives of achieving a Single “to implement an ambitious European Railway Area, enhancing the programme of research and Moreover, Horizon 2020 framework seeks attractiveness and competitiveness of the innovation activities in the railway to enhance the competitiveness and European railway system to create a modal sector in Europe”188 attractiveness of the railway sector, to shift and consolidating the European rail create a single market for rail and to sustain industry global leadership are measured . the European rail industry’s position on against the following key performance Background the global market. Those three objectives indicators: In 2011, the European Commission can only be achieved through investment • double railway capacity, published a White Paper entitled “Roadmap in new innovative services, products and to a Single European Transport Area service models. • increasing reliability and punctuality by as – Towards a competitive and resource much as 50% and efficient transport system” that sets out In this respect, the S2R JU was established in • halving the life-cycle cost of railway. key objectives for railway transport of 2014 as a public-private partnership in order passengers and freight. The purpose is to to increase the investment in research and To achieve this, the S2R JU set up five address the societal issues of “rising traffic innovation and defragment it. It functions Innovation Programmes (IP) and a cross- demand, congestion, security of energy as a platform bringing together different 189 cutting package providing the framework supply and climate change” by achieving stakeholders from the railway sector (e.g. rail a modal shift from roads towards more for the activities to be realised to bring

188. Shift2Rail JU Annual Work Plan 2016, p. 6. 189. Shift2Rail Strategic Master Plan, p. 5. 165 innovative solutions to the railway sector: speed-high capacity communication Sources 01. Cost-efficient and reliable trains, systems to deliver improved capacity, •• Shift2Rail JU Annual Work Plan 2016 including high capacity and high speed energy efficiency and cost reductions; •• Shift2Rail Strategic Master Plan trains; •• Shift2Rail JU Multi-Annual Action Plan •• Intelligent freight trains using less 02. Advanced traffic management & control •• GSA Annual Report 2014 capacity; reduced shunting, new power systems; •• GSA Annual Work Programme 2016 technologies, while improving braking, 03. Cost-efficient, sustainable and reliable noise, running and average speed; high capacity infrastructure; 04. IT solutions for attractive railway •• Convoying new concepts; including services; disruptive innovations as virtual coupling, 05. Technologies for sustainable and vehicle to vehicle communication and attractive European freight; information, cohesive running and 06. and cross-cutting themes, i.e. long-term braking allowing for shorter distance needs and socio-economic research; between trains; smart materials and processes; system •• Door to door smart personalised integration, safety and interoperability; intermodal journeys coupled with reliable energy and sustainability; and human passenger information and intelligent re- capital. routing capabilities ensuring a seamless passenger experience and responding to Through these IPs, the S2R JU will the European mobility needs. contribute to achieve: •• The S2R JU is co-funding Research •• Lighter, more energy and cost efficient, and Innovation activities performed reliable Passenger Trains which will by its members and other parties provide the passengers with a more through competitive calls, covering comfortable, digitally connected and safe TRL (technology readiness level) from journey; 0 up to 7, including strong emphasis •• Digital Infrastructure; i.e. Artificial on demonstration activities and the Intelligence integrated into the dissemination of relevant results for infrastructure: preventing failures and market uptake. reducing maintenance costs; Cooperation with other agencies and •• Self-propelled/remotely operated bodies driverless trains; added productivity and The Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking mainly flexibility in the traffic while reducing collaborates with ERA in realising its costs; mission, but also GSA, INEA, REA, SESAR JU •• the ERTMS (European Railway Traffic and others. Management System) Nextgen, preserving ERTMS core but taking advantage of new technologies, including satellite positioning technologies, high

166 SRB Single Resolution Board

fi

SRB

EU 2020 PILLARS SMART GROWTH SUSTAINABLE GROWTH INCLUSIVE GROWTH

EUROPE IN THE WORLD LEVEL OF EU ACTION SINGLE MARKET

EDUCATION, CLEAN AND AREAS OF TRAINING, DIGITAL COMPETITIVE CLIMATE FIGHTING INNOVATION EFFICIENT SKILLS EMPLOYMENT EU ACTION LIFE-LONG SOCIETY -NESS CHANGE POVERTY LEARNING ENERGY

JUNCKER ECONOMIC & COMMISSION INTERNAL MONETARY MARKET PRIORITIES UNION

SRB’s Orderly Strategic Financial stability resolution of Objectives failing banks

SRB’s Fostering and Ensuring resolution Managing the Single Strategic broadening readiness Resolution Fund Activities cooperation

The agency at a glance The BU comprises three pillars which are Moreover, the SRB is managing the Single • Type: Decentralised EU Agency based on a single set of prudential rules: the Resolution Fund (SRF), a fund which is • Foundation year: 2015 Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM), the financed by the banking sector and which • Location: Brussels, Belgium Single Resolution Mechanism (SRM) and the would be used for the application of • Staff: 245 FTEs (AWP 2016) European Deposit Insurance Scheme (EDIS). resolution tools as a last resort in case a credit institution is being restructured. The The SRB’s mission is “to ensure an The SRB was created in 2015 as the decision role of the SRF is to avoid that the costs of orderly resolution of failing banks body of the SRM in order to establish and bank failures are borne by taxpayers, but with minimum impact on the real enforce an effective resolution regime are covered by the industry. The SRF thus economy and public finances of of failing banking institutions, and hence helps addressing the issue of moral hazard the participating Member States avoid future bank bailouts The Board is in finance. and beyond”190. responsible for preparing resolution plans for around 140 of the most significant Contribution to the completion of the European banks. Economic and Monetary Union Background As presented in the Five Presidents’ 191 The so-called “Five Presidents’ Report” Contribution to an efficient functioning Report, the completion of the Banking presents a two-stage roadmap towards the of the internal market Union is a step towards the deepening completion of the Economic and Monetary SRB’s activity of developing resolution of the EMU. The SRB, as the core body of Union (EMU) in order to create a better and planning is proactive and forward-looking. the Single Resolution Mechanism (SRM), fairer life for citizens as well as increase It aims at enhancing financial stability and i.e. the second pillar of the Banking Union, competitiveness within the euro area. therefore at a better functioning of the therefore contributes to the achievement The first stage comprises among others internal market: in case a BU - Bank is failing of a deeper EMU. Moreover, the SRB will the completion of the Financial Union, or likely to fail, the SRB, in close cooperation support the elaboration of the third pillar of which encompasses the completion of the with its partners, would apply its resolution the BU, i.e. the EDIS. Banking Union (BU) and the settlement of a via a specific scheme. Capital Markets Union (CMU).

190. SRB Work Programme 2016, p. 6. 191. Completing Europe’s Economic and Monetary Union, Jean-Claude Junker, Donald Tusk, Jeroen Dijsselbloem, Mario Draghi and Martin Schulz, http://ec.europa.eu/priorities/economic-monetary-union/docs/5-presidents-report_en.pdf, consulted on 13 June 2016. 167 “The Single Resolution Cooperation with other agencies and Sources bodies •• SRB Work Programme 2016 Board (SRB) is, together The SRB is the resolution authority of the •• Completing Europe’s Economic and with the Single Supervisory Banking Union, at the centre of the SRM. It Monetary Union, Jean-Claude Junker, collaborates with the National Resolution Donald Tusk, Jeroen Dijsselbloem, Mechanism (SSM), one of Authorities of the euro area Member States, Mario Draghi and Martin Schulz, http:// the corner stones of the the European Commission, the European ec.europa.eu/priorities/economic- Central Bank and National Competent monetary-union/docs/5-presidents- Banking Union (BU), tasked Authorities (NCAs). Furthermore, it has report_en.pdf. with writing and enlivening been collaborating with the EBA since its creation in order to leverage on its a new vocabulary in experience of resolution planning in the EU. banking supervision and The EBA has been participating to working groups and various committees. resolution within the euro area.” 190

Elke König, SRB Chair

168

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