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By Pol.Lt. Ponlakrit Tippayatasnan

An Independent Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Program in Forensic Science Graduate School, Silpakorn University Academic Year 2012 Copyright of Graduate School, Silpakorn University ´–”·˜ª·š¥µ¨´¥ ¤®µª·š¥µ¨´¥«·¨žµ„¦ °œ»¤´˜·Ä®o„µ¦‡oœ‡ªoµ°·­¦³Á¦ºÉ°Š “ „µ¦Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥‡ªµ¤ ¦»œÂ¦Š °Š„¦³­»œžgœ ¦³®ªnµŠžgœœ·—Á„¨¸¥ª¨Îµ„¨o°Š 6 Á„¨¸¥ªÂ¨³ 12 Á„¨¸¥ª ” Á­œ°Ã—¥ ¦o°¥˜Îµ¦ª‹Ãš ¡¨„§˜ š·¡¥š´«œ´œ Áž}œ­nªœ®œ¹ÉŠ °Š„µ¦«¹„¬µ˜µ¤®¨´„­¼˜¦ž¦·µª·š¥µ«µ­˜¦¤®µ´–”·˜ ­µ µª·µœ·˜·ª·š¥µ«µ­˜¦r

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­µ µª·µœ·˜·ª·š¥µ«µ­˜¦r ´–”·˜ª·š¥µ¨´¥ ¤®µª·š¥µ¨¥«´ ·¨žµ„¦ ¨µ¥¤º°ºÉ°œ´„«¹„¬µ...... že„µ¦«¹„¬µ 2555 ¨µ¥¤º°ºÉ°°µ‹µ¦¥rš¸Éž¦¹„¬µ„µ¦‡oœ‡ªoµ°·­¦³ ...... Š 52312324 : MAJOR : (FORENSIC SCIENCE) KEY WORD : BARREL/6-GROOVE BARRELS/12-GROOVE BARRELS PONLAKRIT TIPPAYATASNAN : A COMPARISON OF RIFLES’ BULLET LETHALITY BETWEEN 6-GROOVE AND 12-GROOVE BARRELS. INDEPENDENT STUDY ADVISOR : PROF. POL. COL. PATCHARA SINLOYMA, Ph.D. 72 pp.

The Objectives of the research are comparison of rifles’ bullet lethality from smallbore rifle .22 CZ 452 ZKM barrel 24 inches between 6-groove and 12-groove barrels by .22 Rimfire (Federal Ammunition) aimed shootingกั ห inอ diversionสมุด stepsกล of 20 metre. The Researchส Toolsำน are : 1) Smallbore rifle .22 าCZง 452 ZKM barrel 24 inches between 6-groove and 12 groove barrels 2) bullets .22 Rimfire (Federal Ammunition) 3) The Digital Vernier Caliper 4) Digital Camera 5) Crayon 6) Jar and Syringe 7) Knife The research have found that the mean of water quantity (ml.) from hole crayon measure by shooting the rifle 6-groove barrels are 71.00 ml. And the mean of water quantity (ml.) by shooting the rifle 12-groove barrels are 71.75 ml. The mean of deep level (cm.) from crayon measure by shooting the rifle 6-groove barrels are 11.549 cm. And the mean of deep level (cm.) from crayon measure by shooting the rifle 12-groove barrels are 11.862 cm. The results of comparison mean of rifles’ bullet lethality between 6-groove and 12-groove barrels by t-test have found that the water quantity (ml.) of hole bullets by shooting the rifle 6-groove barrels and 12-groove barrels are not different. The deep level (cm.) of hole bullets by shooting the rifle 6-groove barrels and 12-groove barrels are different in Į = 0.05

Program of Forensic Science Graduate School, Silpakorn University Student's signature ...... Academic Year 2012 Independent Study Advisor's signature ......

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12

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žgœ¡„ž¦³‹»žµ„ žgœ¡„°´—¨¤ £µ¡š¸É 2 žgœ­´Êœš¸ÉšÎµ‹µ„˜nµŠž¦³Áš« š¸É¤µ : °´¤¡¦ ‹µ¦»‹·œ—µ. (2542). “„µ¦˜¦ª‹¡·­¼‹œr°µª»›žgœÂ¨³Á‡¦ºÉ°Š„¦³­»œžgœ.” Á°„­µ¦ÁŸ¥Â¡¦n‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂ¨³„¦³­»œžgœ­Îµ®¦´Ÿ¼oÁ oµ°¦¤ „°Š¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ ­Îµœ´„Šµœª·š¥µ„µ¦˜Îµ¦ª‹. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ) 13

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2. žgœ¥µª (Rifle) ‡º° žgœš¸É¤¸¨Îµ„¨o°Š¥µª ¤¸¡µœšoµ¥ (—oµ¤) Áª¨µ¥·Š˜o°Š‹´ 2 ¤º° ¤¸š´ÊŠš¸ÉŸ¨·˜Äœ ž¦³Áš«Â¨³˜nµŠž¦³Áš« žgœ¥µªš¸ÉšÎµ‹µ„˜nµŠž¦³Áš« ŗo„n žgœ¥µª¨¼„Ž°Š, žgœ¥µª¨¼„„¦— ¨³žgœ¥µª ŦÁ¢d¨ÄoĜ„µ¦„¸¯µÂ¨³¨nµ­´˜ªr

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16

3. žgœš¸ÉčoĜ„·‹„µ¦š®µ¦®¦º°­Š‡¦µ¤ ‡º° žgœš¸Éœµ¥š³Á¸¥œ°°„ĝ°œ»µ˜Ä®ož¦³µœ¤¸ÅªoĜ‡¦°Š‡¦°ŠÅ¤nŗo ×¥ „‘„¦³š¦ªŠŒ´š¸É 11 (¡.«. 2522) °°„˜µ¤‡ªµ¤Äœ¡¦³¦µ´´˜·°µª»›žgœ² ¡.«.2490 —´Šœ´Êœ °µª»›žgœš¸Éœµ¥š³Á¸¥œ°°„ĝ°œ»µ˜Ä®oŤnŗo 3.1 ¤¸Á„¨¸¥ªÄœ¨Îµ„¨o°Š œµ—Á„·œ„ªnµ 11.44 ¤¤. 3.2 Ťn¤¸Á„¨¸¥ªÄœ¨Îµ„¨o°Š ¤¸ œµ—Á„·œ„ªnµ 20 ¤¤. (¥„ÁªoœžgœÂ„pž žgœ¨¼„Ž°ŠÂ¨³ žgœ¥·Š¡¨»­´µ–) 3.3 žgœš¸É¥·ŠŽÊεŗo¨³¤¸‡ªµ¤¥µª¨Îµ„¨o°ŠÁ„·œ 160 ¤¤. 3.4 žgœš¸É¤¸Á‡¦ºÉ°Š´Š‡´Á­¸¥ŠÄ®oÁµŸ·—ž„˜· 3.5 žgœš¸Éčo„¦³­»œ¦¦‹»ª´˜™»Á‡¤¸ ÁºÊ°Ã¦‡ ÁºÊ°Á¡¨·Š ®¦º°ª´˜™»„´¤¤´œ˜£µ¡¦´Š­¸šÎµ Ä®oÁ„·—°´œ˜¦µ¥ ®¦º°Áž}œ¡·¬

ž¦³Á£š °Š°µª»›žgœ Á¤ºÉ°ÂnŠ˜µ¤Á„¨¸¥ª£µ¥Äœ¨Îµ„¨o°Š ­µ¤µ¦™ÂnŠÅ—o 2 ž¦³Á£š —´Šœ¸Ê 1. ž¦³Á£š¤¸Á„¨¸¥ª£µ¥Äœ¨Îµ„¨o°Š čo„´„¦³­»œžgœ¨¼„×— Á¤ºÉ°¥·ŠžgœÂ¦Š°´— °Š „p­‹³ ´—´œÄ®o¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ‡¦¼—Åž„´Á„¨¸¥ª£µ¥Äœ¨Îµ„¨o°ŠÂ¨oª®¤»œ˜´ª°°„Åž‹µ„žµ„¨Îµ „¨o°ŠšÎµÄ®o­µ¤µ¦™ª·ÉŠŸnµœ°µ„µ«°°„Åž˜¦Š˜µ¤š·«šµŠš¸ÉÁ¨ÈŠ Ánœ žgœ¡„¦¸ª°¨Áª°¦r žgœ¡„ °°Ã˜Á¤˜·„ žgœ¥µªÅ¦Á¢d¨ ¨³žgœ„¨˜nµŠÇ

17

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Á®¨nµœ¸ÊŤnŗo ¹Êœš³Á¸¥œ˜µ¤„‘®¤µ¥Â¨³Å¤n¤¸¤µ˜¦“µœÁ„¸É¥ª„´ œµ—Á­oœŸnµœ«¼œ¥r„¨µŠ£µ¥Äœ ¨Îµ„¨o°ŠÂ¨³‡ªµ¤¥µª¨Îµ„¨o°ŠÂ˜n°¥nµŠÄ—

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£µ¡š¸É 7 žgœš¸ÉŤn¤¸Á„¨¸¥ª£µ¥Äœ¨Îµ„¨o°Š š¸É¤µ : °´¤¡¦ ‹µ¦»‹·œ—µ. (2542). “„µ¦˜¦ª‹¡·­¼‹œr°µª»›žgœÂ¨³Á‡¦ºÉ°Š„¦³­»œžgœ.” Á°„­µ¦ÁŸ¥Â¡¦n‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂ¨³„¦³­»œžgœ­Îµ®¦´Ÿ¼oÁ oµ°¦¤ „°Š¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ ­Îµœ´„Šµœª·š¥µ„µ¦˜Îµ¦ª‹. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ) 19

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20

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„¦³­»œžgœ¦¸ª°¨Áª°¦r „¦³­»œžgœ°°Ã˜Á¤˜·„ £µ¡š¸É 8 ­nªœž¦³„° °Š„¦³­»œžgœ¨¼„×— š¸É¤µ : °´¤¡¦ ‹µ¦»‹·œ—µ. (2542). “„µ¦˜¦ª‹¡·­¼‹œr°µª»›žgœÂ¨³Á‡¦ºÉ°Š„¦³­»œžgœ.” Á°„­µ¦ÁŸ¥Â¡¦n‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂ¨³„¦³­»œžgœ­Îµ®¦´Ÿ¼oÁ oµ°¦¤ „°Š¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ ­Îµœ´„Šµœª·š¥µ„µ¦˜Îµ¦ª‹. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ)

21

£µ¡š¸É 9 ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœÂ˜nµŠÇ š¸É¤µ : Œ´˜¦´¥ ª·Á«¬­»ª¦¦–£¼¤·. (2545). “Ÿnµžgœ.” Á—¨·œ·ª­r, (16 „´œ¥µ¥œ): 15. 讳š¸ÉčošÎµ®´ª„¦³­»œœ¸Ê °µ‹Áž}œ˜³„´Éª¨oªœ®¦º°˜³„´ÉªŒµÃ¨®³°ºÉœÁ‡¨º°µŠÇ ®¦º°°µ‹Áž}œ˜³„´Éª°¥¼n£µ¥ÄœÁž}œÂ„œ ¨oª¤¸Áž¨º°„šÎµ—oª¥Ã¨®³Ÿ­¤ Ánœ š°ŠÂ—Š ®¦º° œ·„Á„·¨®»o¤ Ūo°¸„´Êœ®œ¹ÉŠ„Èŗo ¨¼„„¦³­»œš¸É¤¸Áž¨º°„®»o¤œ¸Ê (Jacket bullets) Á¦¸¥„ªnµ ¨¼„„¦³­»œÁž¨º°„ Ȋ¨³™oµ Áž¨º°„š¸É®»o¤ ®»o¤¤·—™¹Šž¨µ¥¨¼„„¦³­»œÁ¦¸¥„ªnµ„¦³­»œ®´ªÂ Ȋ (Metal cased bullets) ™oµ®»o¤Å¤n¤·— ­nªœž¨µ¥¨¼„„¦³­»œÁž}œÂ„œ˜³„´ÉªÃŸ¨n°°„¤µ Á¦¸¥„ªnµ„¦³­»œ®´ª°n°œ (Soft point bullets) ¨¼„ „¦³­»œž¦³Á£šœ¸Ê Á¤ºÉ°Åž„¦³š„´ÁžjµÂ¨oª ˜³„´Éªš¸É°n°œ‹³Á¥·œ˜´ª ¨oª¥nœšÎµÄ®ož¨µ¥®´ª„¦³­»œ µœ°°„ Á„·—µ—Ÿ¨ œµ—Ä®nŗo

1.2 œ·—®´ª„¦³­»œ 1.2.1 Lead Bullet ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœÄœž{‹‹»´œš¸É¤¸‡ªµ¤Á¦Èª˜oœ˜É優nµ 2,000 ¢»˜˜n°ª·œµš¸ ¤´„‹³šÎµ—oª¥˜³„´ÉªÁ¡¦µ³¦µ‡µ™¼„ ¨³‡ªµ¤¦o°œÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„¦Š¦³Á·— °Š—·œžgœÅ¤nšÎµ Ä®o˜³„´Éª¨³¨µ¥ ˜n¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœœ´ÊœÅ¤nŗošÎµ—oª¥˜³„´Éª¨oªœÇ Á¡¦µ³‹³°n°œÁ„·œÅž Á µ˜o°ŠÄo 讳°ºÉœŸ­¤—oª¥Á¡ºÉ°šÎµÄ®o Ȋ ¹Êœ Ž¹ÉŠ­nªœÄ®n˜´ªš¸ÉčoŸ­¤‹³Áž}œÃ¨®³¡¨ªŠ (Antimony) ®¦º° —¸»„ (Tin) ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ œµ—Á¨È„ Ánœ žgœ¡„š´ÉªÇŞ š¸É把µœŸ¨·˜°°„ µ¥ čo ˜³„´ÉªŸ­¤„´¡¨ªŠ ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸É°´—čoÁ°Š ‹³Äo˜³„´ÉªŸ­¤„´—¸»„ Á¡¦µ³Šnµ¥Äœ„µ¦®¨°¤ ¨³®¨n°¨¼„„¦³­»œ 22

­Îµ®¦´¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸É°´—čoÁ°Š ץčo—·œžgœÂ Black Powder Áž}œ˜´ª ´—´œ čo°´˜¦µ­nªœ °Š—¸»„ : ˜³„´Éª = 1: 15 „Èčoŗo¨oª ˜n¤µ˜¦“µœÄo —¸»„ : ˜³„´Éª = 1 : 20 ™oµÄo—·œžgœÂ Smokeless Powder Áž}œ˜´ª ´—´œ ­Îµ®¦´„¦³­»œžgœÁ¨È„ š´ÉªÇ ބȇŠÄo°´˜¦µ­nªœ¤µ˜¦“µœÁnœÁ—¸¥ª„´ Black Powder ‡º° 1 : 20 ˜n™oµÁž}œ„¦³­»œ‡ªµ¤Á¦Èª ­¼Š (High Velocity) čo°´˜¦µ­nªœ °Š —¸»„ : ˜³„´Éª = 1: 10 ­Îµ®¦´¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœÅ¦Á¢d¨š¸Éčo Smokeless Powder Áž}œ˜´ª ´—´œÄœ„¦³­»œžgœ›¦¦¤—µ čo°´˜¦µ­nªœ °Š —¸»„ : ˜³„´Éª = 1 : 10 ®¦º° 1 : 12 ˜n™oµÁž}œ„¦³­»œž gœÂ Top velocity Load čo°´˜¦µ­nªœ °Š —¸»„ : ¡¨ªŠ : ˜³„´Éª = 5 : 5 : 90 ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸É¤¸­nªœŸ­¤—´Š„¨nµªœ¸Ê¤¸ºÉ°ÁŒ¡µ³Á¦¸¥„ªnµ “Type Metal Bullet” Ĝž{‹‹»´œœ¸Ê ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸ÉšÎµ—oª¥˜³„´Éª¤¸¨´„¬–³˜°œšoµ¥¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ °¥¼n 5  ‡º° 1. Plain Base œ¸Ê„oœ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ‹³Á¦¸¥Á­¤°„´œ 2. Hollow Base œ¸Ê„oœ„¦³­»œžgœ‹³ÁªoµÁ oµ®¦º°„¨ªŠ¨¹„ 3. Gas Check Base œ¸Ê‹³¤¸™oª¥š°ŠÂ—Š®¦º°š°ŠÁ®¨º°ŠµŠÇ®»o¤„oœ¨¼„ „¦³­»œžgœÅªo Á¡ºÉ°žj°Š„´œ˜³„´Éª­nªœ„oœ¨³¨µ¥ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„‡ªµ¤¦o°œ Ĝ„¦³­»œžgœÂ High Temperature and Pressure 4. Zinc Washer Base œ¸Ê­nªœ„oœ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ‹³»—oª¥­´Š„³­¸ (Zinc) Á¡ºÉ°Áž}œ˜´ªžj°Š„´œÅ¤nÄ®o˜³„´Éª¦·Áª–„oœÂ¨³ oµŠ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ¨³¨µ¥ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„‡ªµ¤¦o°œÂ¨³¥´ŠšÎµ ®œoµš¸ÉÁž}œ˜´ª¨oµŠÁ°µÁ«¬˜³„´Éªš¸É˜·—°¥¼n£µ¥Äœ¨Îµ„¨o°ŠžgœÁ—·¤°°„Åž°¸„—oª¥ 5. Short or Half Jacketed œ¸Ê¤¸ jacket ®»o¤„oœ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ­¼Š ¹Êœ¤µ ž¦³¤µ– 1/4 ®¦º° 3/4 °Š‡ªµ¤­¼Š °Š¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ šÎµ®œoµš¸Éžj°Š„´œÅ¤nÄ®o˜³„´Éªš¸É„oœÂ¨³ oµŠ ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ¨³¨µ¥˜·—¨Îµ„¨o°ŠžgœÁnœÁ—¸¥ª„´œ ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœÄœÂš¸É 4 ¨³ 5 ­nªœš¸ÉÁž}œ˜³„´Éª‹³Áž}œ˜³„´Éª¨oªœ Ťn¤¸ ¡¨ªŠ®¦º°—¸»„Ÿ­¤Á¨¥Â¨³š´ÊŠ 2 Å¤n˜o°Š¤¸˜´ª®¨n°¨ºÉœ ˜n 3 Â¦„˜o°Š¤¸˜´ª®¨n°¨ºÉœ ¤¸¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸ÉšÎµ—oª¥˜³„´ÉªÂ®œ¹ÉŠ Ž¹ÉŠ™oµ—¼Á¡¸¥ŠŸ·ªÁŸ·œÂ¨oª—¼Á®¤º°œªnµ Áž}œ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœÂš¸É¤¸ Jacket š°ŠÂ—Š®»o¤ ˜nšoš¸É‹¦·ŠÂ¨oªÅ¤nčn Jacket Áž}œÁ¡¸¥Š˜³„´Éª»—oª¥ 讳š°ŠÂ—ŠÁ¡¸¥ŠµŠÇ Ášnµœ´Êœ ­µ¤µ¦™ÄoÁ¨È®¦º° °ŠÂ Ȋ ¼—Á°µ°„Å—o Ĝž{‹‹»´œ‹³¡Å—oĜ „¦³­»œžgœµŠ¥¸É®o°µŠ œµ— Ánœ œµ— .22 Short, .22 Long Rifle, .38 Special, .357 Magnum ¨³ .44 Magnum Áž}œ˜oœ ª´˜™»ž¦³­Š‡r„ÈÁ¡ºÉ°žj°Š„´œÅ¤nÄ®o˜³„´Éª¨³¨µ¥˜·—¨Îµ„¨o°Šžgœ ¨³¥´ŠšÎµ Ä®o¨—¼­ª¥Šµ¤œnµÄo„ªnµ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸ÉšÎµ—oª¥˜³„´Éª›¦¦¤—µ°¸„—oª¥ Á¦¸¥„ Lubaloid 23

1.2.2 Jacketed Bullet Áž}œ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸É¤¸Ã¨®³®»o¤Â„œ˜³„´Éª®¦º°Â„œ Á®¨È„Ūo°¸„´Êœ®œ¹ÉŠ šÎµÄ®o—¼Á®¤º°œªnµ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœœ´ÊœšÎµ—oª¥Ã¨®³š¸ÉÁ®Èœ¨oªœÇ 讳š¸É®»o¤°¥¼n £µ¥œ°„Á¦¸¥„ªnµ Jacket ­nªœÂ„œ˜³„´Éª®¦º°Â„œÁ®¨È„£µ¥ÄœÁ¦¸¥„ªnµ Core Ĝ­¤´¥Á¦·É¤Â¦„š¸É¤¸ Jacket Bullet œ´Êœ˜´ª Jacket šÎµ—oª¥š°ŠÂ—ŠŸ­¤œ·„Á„·¨Äœ°´˜¦µ­nªœ˜nµŠÇ „´œ ˜nĜž{‹‹»´œ Jacket ­nªœÄ®nšÎµ—oª¥ š°ŠÂ—Š 90% , —¸»„ 5% , ¨³­´Š„³­¸ 5% µŠœ·—šÎµ—oª¥Á®¨È„»œ·„Á„·¨ ®¦º° »š°ŠÂ—Š, Ä®¤n¨nµ­»—šÎµ—oª¥°¨¼¤·Áœ¸¥¤ ­Îµ®¦´ Core œ´ÊœšÎµ—oª¥˜³„´Éª¨oªœ ®¦º°µŠš¸°µ‹šÎµ —oª¥Á®¨È„„Èŗo ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ¤¸ºÉ°Á¦¸¥„˜„˜nµŠ„´œ¤µ„¤µ¥ š´ÊŠœ¸Ê ¹Êœ°¥¼n„´¦¼ž¦nµŠ¨´„¬–³ °Š¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœœ´ÊœÇ ˜´ª°¥nµŠÁnœ Lead Bullet ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœÂœ¸Ê¤¸Á¡¸¥ŠÅ¤n„¸ÉÁnœ 1. Round Nose (RN) Áž}œ¨¼„„¦³­»œ›¦¦¤—µš´ÉªÇޞ¨µ¥¤œ 2. Semi-Wad Cutter (SWC) Áž}œ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸É¤¸­nªœž¨µ¥š¸É¡oœž¨°„ „¦³­»œ°°„¤µ¤¸ œµ—Á¨È„„ªnµ­nªœÄ®nš¸É°¥¼nĜž¨°„„¦³­»œ ¨³­nªœž¨µ¥˜´—˜¦ŠÅ¤n¤œ 3. Wad Cutter (WC) Áž}œ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸É­nªœž¨µ¥­´ÊœÁ­¤°žµ„ž¨°„ „¦³­»œžgœÂ¨³ž¨µ¥˜´—˜¦Š 4. Hollow Point (HP) Áž}œ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ¤¸¨´„¬–³‡¨oµ¥„´Â Round Nose ˜nš¸É­nªœž¨µ¥­»—‹³¤¸¦¼Á‹µ³¨¹„¨ŠÅž ¡Å—oŠnµ¥Äœ„¦³­»œžgœ¨¼„„¦— œµ— .22 Short, .22 Long Rifle Jacketed Bullet ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœÂœ¸Ê¤¸¨´„¬–³„µ¦®»o¤ °Š Jacket œ Core ®¨µ¥ÂÂ˜n¨³Â™¼„Ÿ¨·˜ ¹ÊœÁ¡ºÉ°‡ªµ¤¤»nŠ®¤µ¥Äœ„µ¦šÎµ¨µ¥Ážjµ®¤µ¥Ä®oŗoŸ¨—¸š¸É­»— Ĝš¸Éœ¸Ê‹³ °¥„˜´ª°¥nµŠÁž}œµŠÂ 1. Full Metal Jacket (FMJ) Áž}œ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸É¤¸ Jacket ®»o¤š´ÊŠ®¤—ž¨µ¥ ¤œµŠš¸Á¦¸¥„ªnµ Metal Case Bullet 2. Jacketed Hollow Point (JHP) Áž}œ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸É¤¸ Jacket ®»o¤ ˜n­nªœ ž¨µ¥¤¸¦¼Á‹µ³Á oµÅžÄœÁœºÊ° °Š Core ¨¹„¡°‡ª¦ 3. Jacketed Solf Point (JSP) Áž}œ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸É¤¸ Jacket ®»o¤Á„º°®¤—š´ÊŠ ¨¼„Áªoœ˜°œž¨µ¥­»—Áž}œ˜³„´ÉªÅ¤n¤¸¦¼ 4. Pointed Áž}œ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸É¤¸ Jacket ®»o¤®¤— ¨³ž¨µ¥Â®¨¤ 5. Metal Piercing (MP) ®¦º° Armour Piercing (AP) Áž}œ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸Éčo ¥·ŠÁ‹µ³Á„¦µ³  MP Áž}œ„¦³­»œžgœÁ¨È„Ánœžgœ¡„š´ÉªÇŞ ­nªœž¨µ¥ °Š¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ‹³Â®¨¤ 24

Jacket š¸É®»o¤­nªœž¨µ¥œ¸Ê‹³¤¸‡ªµ¤®œµ„ªnµ­nªœ°ºÉœÇž¦³Ã¥œrčo¥·Šš³¨»Á„¦µ³°n°œ®¦º°š¸ÉÁ¦¸¥„ªnµ Á­ºÊ°Á„¦µ³Â¨³ÂŸnœª´˜™»®¦º°Ã¨®³š¸É¤¸‡ªµ¤®œµÅ¤n¤µ„œ´„ ­Îµ®¦´Â AP Áž}œ„¦³­»œžgœš¸Éčo„´žgœšµŠ„µ¦š®µ¦ ­nªœž¨µ¥ °Š ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ‹³Â®¨¤ Jacket Áž}œš°ŠÂ—Š®¦º°Á®¨È„»š°ŠÂ—Š ­nªœ Core ‹³šÎµ—oª¥ Tungsten Carbine Ž¹ÉŠ¤¸‡ªµ¤Â Ȋ¤µ„­µ¤µ¦™Á‹µ³š³¨»Á„¦µ³Á®¨È„Å—oª´˜™»ž¦³­Š‡rÁ¡ºÉ°Äo¥·Šš³¨»¥µœ¥œ˜r ®»o¤Á„¦µ³ °Šš®µ¦ ®¦º°¥·Šš³¨»ÂŸnœª´˜™»®¦º°Ã¨®³š¸É¤¸‡ªµ¤®œµ¤µ„Ç ŗo ­nªœ„oœ °Š¨»„„¦³­»œžgœÂ Jacketed Bullet ¤¸ 2  ‡º° 1. Flat Base œ¸Ê„oœ„¦³­»œžgœ‹³Á¦¸¥Á­¤°„´œ ¨³—oµœ oµŠ ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ„Ș¦Š˜¨°—Á­¤°„´œ 2. Boat Tail œ¸Ê„oœ¨¼„„¦³­»œžg œ‹³Á¦¸¥Á­¤°„´œÁnœ„´œ ˜n—oµœ oµŠ ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ˜°œÄ„¨o„oœ‹³­°Á oµ®µ„´œÁ¨È„œo°¥ ‡º°­nªœ„oœ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ‹³Á¨È„„ªnµ˜°œ„¨µŠ °Š¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ ­nªœ„oœš¸ÉÁ¨È„¨Š °Š¨»„„¦³­»œžgœÂ Boat Tail ¤¸ž¦³Ã¥œrĜ„µ¦¨— Air drag ‡º°¨—„µ¦Á­¸¥—­¸ °Š°µ„µ«„´¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœÁ¤ºÉ°Ä®o¥·Š°°„Åžo¨¼ šÎµÄ „„¦³­»œžgœÂ Boat tail ­µ¤µ¦™¥·ŠÅžÅ—oń¨„ªnµ ¨³¤¸ª·™¸„¦³­»œÂœ¦µ—¸„ªnµ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœÂ Flat Base Ĝ Á¤ºÉ°¤¸‡ªµ¤Á¦Èª˜oœÁšnµ„´œ ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸É¤¸‡ªµ¤Á¦Èª˜oœ˜´ÊŠÂ˜n 2,000 ¢»˜˜n°ª·œµš¸ ¹ÊœÅž ‹³˜o°ŠÁž}œ  Jacked Bullet Á¡¦µ³™oµÁž}œÂ Lead Bullet ‹³šÎµÄ®o­nªœ„oœ ¨³Ÿ·ª—oµœ oµŠ °Š¨¼„„¦³­»œ žgœ¨³¨µ¥Å—ošÎµÄ®o¤¸˜³„´Éª˜·—‡oµŠ°¥¼n£µ¥Äœ¨Îµ„¨o°Šžgœ °´œšÎµÄ®oÁ„·—Ÿ¨Á­¸¥˜n°‡ªµ¤Â¤nœ¥Îµ °Šžgœ œ´Êœ š¸É¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ—oµœ oµŠ­nªœÄ®n‹³¤¸¦n°Š°¥¼n×¥¦° Ĝ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ  Lead Bullet µŠÂ°µ‹¤¸®¨µ¥¦n°ŠÄœ¨¼„Á—¸¥ª ˜nĜ Jacketed Bullet ¨oª™oµ¤¸„Ȥ¸Á¡¸¥Š¦n°Š Á—¸¥ªÁšnµœ´Êœ ¦n°Š—´Š„¨nµªœ¸ÊĜ Lead Bullet čo­Îµ®¦´Ä­n­µ¦®¨n°¨ºÉœ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ Ž¹ÉŠÁž}œ¡ª„ ¸ÊŸ¹ÊŠ ®¦º°Å ¤´œ šÎµ®œoµš¸É®¨n°¨ºÉœ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœÄ®oª·ÉŠŸnµœ¨Îµ„¨o°ŠžgœÅžÅ—o­³—ª„ ¹Êœ ˜n­Îµ®¦´ Jacketed Bullet ¨oª¦n°Š—´Š„¨nµªšÎµ®œoµš¸É­Îµ®¦´¥¹—žµ„ž¨°„„¦³­»œžgœÄ®o˜·—„´¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ ×¥„µ¦¸žµ„ž¨°„„¦³­»œžgœÁ oµÅžÄœ¦n°ŠÃ—¥¦° ¦n°Š—´Š„¨nµª¤¸ºÉ°Á¦¸¥„ªnµ Cannalure œ°„‹µ„œ¸Ê¥´ŠšÎµ®œoµš¸Éžj°Š„´œ‡ªµ¤ºÊœÅ¤nÄ®oÁ oµÅžÄœ„¦³­»œžgœ°¸„—oª¥

1.3 ž¨°„„¦³­»œžgœ (Cartridge Case) Áž}œ­nªœš¸É®»o¤®´ª„¦³­»œ £µ¥Äœ¦¦‹» —·œžgœÂ¨³Â„pž„´œªœÅªo ž¨°„„¦³­»œÃ—— 讳š¸ÉčošÎµž¨°„„¦³­»œ¤¸®¨µ¥œ·— ‡º° š°ŠÁ®¨º°Š 25

°¨¼¤·Áœ¸¥¤ Á®¨È„ š°ŠÂ—Š ˜nš¸Éœ·¥¤¤µ„š¸É­»—‡º°š°ŠÁ®¨º°Š „¨nµª„´œªnµ ž¨°„„¦³­»œžgœš¸ÉšÎµ—oª¥ š°ŠÁ®¨º°Š‡»–£µ¡—¸ ­µ¤µ¦™œÎµ„¨´Åž°´—„¦³­»œžgœ¥·ŠÄ®¤nŗo°¸„ž¦³¤µ– 3-4 ‡¦´ÊŠ

£µ¡š¸É 10 ž¨°„„¦³­»œžgœÂ˜nµŠÇ š¸É¤µ : °´¤¡¦ ‹µ¦»‹·œ—µ. (2542). “„µ¦˜¦ª‹¡·­¼‹œr°µª»›žgœÂ¨³Á‡¦ºÉ°Š„¦³­»œžgœ.” Á°„­µ¦ÁŸ¥Â¡¦n‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂ¨³„¦³­»œžgœ­Îµ®¦´Ÿ¼oÁ oµ°¦¤ „°Š¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ ­Îµœ´„Šµœª·š¥µ„µ¦˜Îµ¦ª‹. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ)

1.4 —·œ­nŠ„¦³­»œžgœ (Gun Powders) Áž}œ °ŠÂ ȊŽ¹ÉŠÁ¤ºÉ°Á„·—„µ¦¨»„Å®¤o‹³Ä®o„p­ž¦·¤µ–¤µ„ÄœÁª¨µ°´œ­´Êœ ‡ªµ¤Á¦Èª Ĝ„µ¦ÁŸµÅ®¤o °Š—·œžgœÁž}œ­·ÉŠ­Îµ‡´ —·œžgœÄœž{‹‹»´œ¤¸ 3  ‡º° —·œ—ε (Black Powder) Áž}œ˜´ª ´¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœœ·—¦„ž¦³„°—oª¥ —·œž¦³­·ª 75% ™nµœÅ¤o 15% „夳™´œ 10%

26

£µ¡š¸É 11 —·œ—ε (Black Powder) š¸É¤µ : °´¤¡¦ ‹µ¦»‹·œ—µ. (2542). “„µ¦˜¦ª‹¡·­¼‹œr°µª»›žgœÂ¨³Á‡¦ºÉ°Š„¦³­»œžgœ.” Á°„­µ¦ÁŸ¥Â¡¦n‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂ¨³„¦³­»œžgœ­Îµ®¦´Ÿ¼oÁ oµ°¦¤ „°Š¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ ­Îµœ´„Šµœª·š¥µ„µ¦˜Îµ¦ª‹. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ)

—·œ—εÄ®¤n (Pyrodex) ¤¸­nªœŸ­¤°ºÉœÁ¡·É¤Á˜·¤Á oµ¤µ°¸„‡º° Potassium Perchlorate, Sodium Benzoate, Dicyandiamide (1-Cyanoguanidine) ¨³¥´Š¤¸ Dextrine, Wax ¨³ Graphine ‹ÎµœªœÁ¨È„œo°¥Ÿ­¤°¥¼n—oª¥

£µ¡š¸É 12 —·œ—εÄ®¤n (Pyrodex) š¸É¤µ : °´¤¡¦ ‹µ¦»‹·œ—µ. (2542). “„µ¦˜¦ª‹¡·­¼‹œr°µª»›žgœÂ¨³Á‡¦ºÉ°Š„¦³­»œžgœ.” Á°„­µ¦ÁŸ¥Â¡¦n‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂ¨³„¦³­»œžgœ­Îµ®¦´Ÿ¼oÁ oµ°¦¤ „°Š¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ ­Îµœ´„Šµœª·š¥µ„µ¦˜Îµ¦ª‹. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ)

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—·œ‡ª´œœo°¥ (Smokeless Powder) Áž}œ˜´ªš¸É¤¸‡»–£µ¡­¼Š„ªnµ—·œ—夵„ š¸ÉšÎµ‹µ„ ­µ¦ž¦³„° Nitrocellulose Á¡¸¥Š°¥nµŠÁ—¸¥ª Á¦¸¥„ªnµ  Single Base ˜n™oµ˜o°Š„µ¦Âš¸É¤¸Â¦Š ¦³Á·—­¼Š ¹Êœ„Èčo Nitroglycerine Ÿ­¤Á oµ„´ Nitrocellulose Ĝ°´˜¦µ­nªœ˜nµŠÇ „´œ ¨oªÂ˜n‡ªµ¤ ˜o°Š„µ¦‡ªµ¤Á¦ÈªÄœ„µ¦ÁŸµÅ®¤o¤µ„œo°¥Á¡¸¥ŠÄ— œ¸ÊÁ¦¸¥„ªnµ Double Base —·œ‡ª´œœo°¥¤¸¦¼ž¦nµŠ˜nµŠÇ —´Šœ¸Ê 1. Flake 2. Disc 3. Tabular 4. Ball

£µ¡š¸É 13 —·œ‡ª´œœo°¥¦¼ž¦nµŠ˜nµŠÇ š¸É¤µ : °´¤¡¦ ‹µ¦»‹·œ—µ. (2542). “„µ¦˜¦ª‹¡·­¼‹œr°µª»›žgœÂ¨³Á‡¦ºÉ°Š„¦³­»œžgœ.” Á°„­µ¦ÁŸ¥Â¡¦n‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂ¨³„¦³­»œžgœ­Îµ®¦´Ÿ¼oÁ oµ°¦¤ „°Š¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ ­Îµœ´„Šµœª·š¥µ„µ¦˜Îµ¦ª‹. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ)

1.5 „pžžgœ (Primers) °¥¼n˜¦Š‹µœšoµ¥ °Šž¨°„„¦³­»œ Á¤ºÉ°Áª¨µ¥·Šžgœ®¦º°¨´ÉœÅ„žgœ Á ȤšŠœªœ‹³ „¦³Âš„˜¦Š‹µœšoµ¥ °Šž¨°„„¦³­»œ šÎµÄ®o„pžÁ„·—¦³Á·— ¨³‹»—¦³Á·—Åž¥´Š—·œžgœš¸É°¥¼n£µ¥Äœ ž¨°„„¦³­»œ Á¤ºÉ°—·œžgœ¦³Á·— „È‹³ ´—´œ®´ª„¦³­»œÄ®oª·ÉŠ°°„‹µ„¨Îµ„¨o°Š

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£µ¡š¸É 14 œªœ‹µœšoµ¥„¦³­»œžgœ ®¦º° „Ȟžgœ š¸É¤µ : °´¤¡¦ ‹µ¦»‹·œ—µ. (2542). “„µ¦˜¦ª‹¡·­¼‹œr°µª»›žgœÂ¨³Á‡¦ºÉ°Š„¦³­»œžgœ.” Á°„­µ¦ÁŸ¥Â¡¦n‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂ¨³„¦³­»œžgœ­Îµ®¦´Ÿ¼oÁ oµ°¦¤ „°Š¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ ­Îµœ´„Šµœª·š¥µ„µ¦˜Îµ¦ª‹. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ)

2. „¦³­»œžgœ¨¼„Ž°Š (Shot shell) „¦³­»œžgœ¨¼„Ž°Š®¦º°Á¦¸¥„ªnµ„¦³­»œž¦µ¥ ‹³¤¸­nªœ­Îµ‡´—´Š˜n°Åžœ¸Ê

¨¼„„¦³­»œž¦µ¥

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£µ¡š¸É 15 ­nªœž¦³„° °Š„¦³­»œžgœ¨¼„Ž°Š š¸É¤µ : Œ´˜¦´¥ ª·Á«¬­»ª¦¦–£¼¤·. (2545). “Ÿnµžgœ.” Á—¨·œ·ª­r, (16 „´œ¥µ¥œ): 15. „¦³­»œžgœ¨ ¼„Ž°Š¤¸­nªœž¦³„°£µ¥ÄœŸ·—Åž‹µ„„¦³­»œžgœš´ÉªÅž ˜¦Šš¸Éž¨°„ „¦³­»œžgœ¤¸ œµ—Ä®n ˜n¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸É¦¦‹»¤¸ œµ—Á¨È„¨³¤¸‹Îµœªœ¤µ„ ‹¹Š‹ÎµÁž}œ˜o°Š¤¸­nªœ 29

š¸É¤µ„´Êœ¤·Ä®o—·œžgœ„´¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸É¦¦‹»žœ„´œ ¨³˜o°Š¤¸˜´ªžd—žµ„ž¨°„„¦³­»œ ‹¹Š‹³šÎµÄ®o Á„·—¦Š°´— °ŠÂ„p­Á¡ºÉ° ´—´œ¨¼„„¦³­»œÅž­¼nÁžjµ®¤µ¥Å—o Ĝ­¤´¥Á¦·É¤Â¦„ž¨°„„¦³­»œžgœ¨¼„Ž°ŠšÎµ—oª¥Ã¨®³š°ŠÁ®¨º°Š ˜nÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„ž¨°„ „¦³­»œžgœ œµ—Ä®n ¨³š°ŠÁ®¨º°Š¦µ‡µÂ¡Š ˜n°¤µ‹¹ŠÅ—oœÎµ„¦³—µ¬¤µÄœoš ×¥„µ¦œÎµ Ÿnœ„¦³—µ¬®¨µ¥Ç Ÿnœšµ„µª˜·—„´œ °´—Ä®oœnœ œÎµÅž°µ—oª¥Å ®¦º°¡µ¦µ¢dœžj°Š„´œ‡ªµ¤ºÊœ ¨³œÎµÅž˜´—˜µ¤‡ªµ¤¥µªš¸É˜o°Š„µ¦ ž¨°„„¦³­»œžgœ¨¼„Ž°Š¤¸—oª¥„´œ 2  ‡º° Low-Base čo „´—·œžgœš¸É¤¸‡ªµ¤Â¦Š˜Éε šÎµÄ®o˜o°Š„µ¦¤¸š¸ÉªnµŠ­Îµ®¦´Ä­n—·œžgœ¤µ„, High-Base čo„´—·œžgœš¸É¤¸ ‡ªµ¤Â¦Š­¼Š„ªnµ šÎµÄ®o˜o°Š„µ¦š¸ÉÄ­n—·œžgœœo°¥¨Š

£µ¡š¸É 16 „¦³­»œžgœ¨¼„Ž°Š œµ—˜nµŠÇ š¸É¤µ : Œ´˜¦´¥ ª·Á«¬­»ª¦¦–£¼¤·. (2545). “Ÿnµžgœ.” Á—¨·œ·ª­r, (16 „´œ¥µ¥œ): 15.

žµ„ž¨°„„¦³­»œžgœšÎµ°¥¼n—oª¥„´œ 2 ‡º° Rolled Crimp ‹³¤¸ÂŸnœ„¦³—µ¬®¦º°ÂŸnœ ¡¨µ­˜·„žd—žµ„ž¨°„„¦³­»œÅªo, Folded crimp or Star crimp Ťn˜o°Š¤¸°³Å¦¤µžd—žµ„ž¨°„ „¦³­»œ°¸„ Á¡¦µ³˜´ªž¨°„„¦³­»œÁ°Š™¼„¤oªœ¡´¨Š¤µ¥µª¡°š¸É‹³žd—žµ„ž¨°„„¦³­»œš´ÊŠ®¤—

30

£µ¡š¸É 17 žµ„ž¨°„„¦³­»œžgœÂ˜nµŠÇ š¸É¤µ : Œ´˜¦´¥ ª·Á«¬­»ª¦¦–£¼¤·. (2545). “Ÿnµžgœ.” Á—¨·œ·ª­r, (16 „´œ¥µ¥œ): 15.

‹µ„¦·Áª–¨¼„ž¦µ¥Á oµ¤µ £µ¥Äœ„¦³­»œžgœ‹³¤¸ÂŸnœ­´„®¨µ— ®¦º°„¦³—µ¬Â Ȋ Áž}œ Ÿnœ„¨¤Á¦¸¥ŠŽo°œ„´œÁž}œ˜´ª„´Êœ¦³®ªnµŠ¨¼„ž¦µ¥„´—·œžgœ Á¦¸¥„ªnµ ®¤°œ­nŠ„¦³­»œ (Wad) ®¤°œ ­nŠ„¦³­»œœ¸Ê‹³šÎµ®œoµš¸ÉÁ¤ºÉ°—·œžgœ¦³Á·— Á¡ºÉ° ´—´œ¨¼„ž¦µ¥š´ÊŠ®¤—Ä®oª·ÉŠ°°„Åž­¼n°µ„µ« ™´—‹µ„ ®¤°œ­nŠ„¦³­»œÁ oµ¤µ„ÈÁž}œ—·œžgœ ¦³®ªnµŠ—·œžgœ„´ µš°ŠÁ®¨º°Š¤¸ÂŸnœ­´„®¨µ—®¦º°„¦³—µ¬ „´Êœ°¸„´Êœ®œ¹ÉŠÁ¦¸¥„ªnµ ®¤°œ¦°Š—·œ ˜¦Š µš°ŠÁ®¨º°Ššoµ¥„¦³­»œ¤¸Â„pžÂ¨³ µ‡¦°Â„pž˜·—°¥¼n ×¥˜n°œªœÅž™¹Š—·œžgœ Á¡ºÉ°‹»—¦³Á·— Áª¨µÁ ȤšŠœªœ„¦³Âš„š¸É„pž

2. „¨Å„„µ¦šÎµŠµœ °Šžgœ 2.1 „¨Å„„µ¦šÎµŠµœ °Šžgœ¨¼„än žgœ¨¼„än­µ¤µ¦™¥·ŠÅ—oš´ÊŠš¸É ¹Êœœ„„n°œ (single action) ®¦º°Å¤n ¹Êœœ„ (double action) „µ¦ ¹Êœœ„‹³®¤»œ¨¼„änœÎµ„¦³­»œ¨¼„Ä®¤n¤µÁ˜¦¸¥¤¡¦o°¤Äœ¦´ŠÁ¡¨·Š Á¤ºÉ°Á®œ¸É¥ªÅ„ œ„‹³­´¨Š¤µ š¸Éšoµ¥ž¨°„„¦³­»œ „µ¦¥·Š¨´„¬–³œ¸Ê‹³ÁµÂ¨³¤¸‡ªµ¤Â¤nœ¥Îµ„ªnµ„µ¦Á®œ¸É¥ªÅ„ץŤn ¹Êœœ„ ¦n°Š¦°¥š¸Éœ„­´¨Šš¸Éšoµ¥„¦³­»œžgœ„Ȥ¸¨´„¬–³Â˜„˜nµŠ„´œÅž °ŠžgœÂ˜n¨³„¦³°„ „µ¦˜¦ª‹¦°¥ ­´ °Šœ„žgœ‹¹Š°µ‹­µ¤µ¦™Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥®µ°µª»›š¸Éčo¥·ŠÅ—o ­nªœ„µ¦Á®œ¸É¥ªÅ„ץŤn ¹Êœœ„ „n°œœ´Êœ‹´Š®ª³Â¦„ °Š„µ¦Á®œ¸É¥ªÅ„‹³Áž}œ„µ¦ ¹Êœœ„¨³®¤»œ¨¼„än‹´Š®ª³š¸É­°Š‹¹Š‹³Áž}œ„µ¦ ­´Å„ ­nªœ„µ¦®¤»œ °Š¨¼„änžgœœ´Êœ‹³®¤»œ˜µ¤®¦º°šªœÁ Ȥœµ¯·„µ„È ¹Êœ°¥¼n„´Ÿ¼oŸ¨·˜ Ánœ„´œ ™oµ¨¼„änžgœÅ¤n®¤»œ œ„‹³Å¤n­µ¤µ¦™™¼„ŠoµŠÅ—o

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1. Cannon Locks °µª»›žgœÂÂ¦„š¸É™¼„­¦oµŠ ¹Êœ¤µÄœÃ¨„ Cannon Lock Ž¹ÉŠ¤¸š´ÊŠÂš¸É Áž}œžgœÄ®n˜´ÊŠœ¨o°Á¨ºÉ°œ ¨³žgœÁ¨È„š¸É™º°¥·Š—oª¥¤º° ¦¼ž¦nµŠ °ŠžgœÁž}œšn°Ã¨®³„¨ªŠ ž¨µ¥ oµŠ ®œ¹ÉŠ°»—˜´œÄ„¨oÇ ž¨µ¥š¸É°»—˜´œ‹³¤¸¦¼Á‹µ³š³¨»‹µ„£µ¥œ°„Á oµÅž™¹Š£µ¥Äœ¨Îµ„¨o°Š ¦¼š¸É¤¸ºÉ°Á¦¸¥„ªnµ “Touch hole” Ž¹ÉŠÁž}œš¸ÉÄ®o—·œ¨n° (Priming Charge) ®¦º°—·œžgœ‹µ„£µ¥Äœ¨Îµ„¨o°Šžgœš¸É¨oœ°°„¤µ ®¦º°Ä­nÁ oµÅž‹µ„£µ¥œ°„ Áª¨µ‹³¥·Š„ÈčoÅ¢ ®¦º°Á®¨È„ÁŸµÅ¢ ®¦º°™nµœ˜·—ޗŠ ‹»——·œ¨n°š¸Éžµ„¦¼ Touch hole Á¤ºÉ°˜·—Å¢ Áž¨ªÅ¢‹³ª·ÉŠŸnµœn°Š Touch hole Á oµÅžÁŸµÅ®¤o—·œžgœ£µ¥Äœ¨Îµ„¨o°Šžgœ 34

Á„·—„p­‹Îµœªœ¤®µ«µ¨šÎµÄ®o¤¸Â¦Š—´œ ´—´œÄ®o¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœª·ÉŠ°°„‹µ„¨Îµ„¨o°ŠžgœÅž¥´Š Ážjµ®¤µ¥š¸É˜o°Š„µ¦¥·Š ¨Îµ„¨o°ŠžgœÂœ¸ÊĜ­¤´¥œ´ÊœšÎµ—oª¥Ã¨®³š°ŠÁ®¨º°Š, ¦°œŽr ®¦º° Á®¨È„ ×¥„µ¦®¨n°Ä®oÁž}œ¨Îµ„¨o°Š ¹Êœ¤µ ­nªœÄ®nÁž}œšn°˜¦ŠÇ ¤¸oµŠš¸ÉÁž}œ¦¼ž¦nµŠÂž¨„Ç o°­Îµ‡´‡º° žgœÂœ¸ÊŤn¤¸ œ„žgœ, ńžgœ ¨³«¼œ¥rÁ¨ÈŠ ¨Îµ„¨o°Šžgœ‹³¥¹—˜·—„´š¸É˜´ÊŠ®¦º°­Îµ®¦´Äo¤º°™º° ®¨´„“µœšµŠž¦³ª´˜·«µ­˜¦Á„r ¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂœ¸Ê¤¸—´Šœ¸Ê ž¦³Áš«°·˜µ¨¸ ¤¸®¨´„“µœ„µ¦Á¤º°Š Florence ªnµ¤¸žgœ Cannon Lock čo˜´ÊŠÂ˜nže ‡.«. 1324 ¨³®¨´„“µœš¸É­Îµ‡´„ȇº° £µ¡ªµ—´œš¹„Á®˜»„µ¦–r­¼o¦ ¡ÄœÃ­™rš¸ÉÁ¤º°Š Sienna Áž}œ£µ¡š¸É ­—ŠÄ®oÁ®Èœš®µ¦Äožgœ Cannon Locks

£µ¡š¸É 18 ­—Š£µ¡ªµ—œš´ ¹„Á®˜„µ¦–» r­¼o¦ Ĝže ‡.«. 1343 š¸É¤µ : °´¤¡¦ ‹µ¦»‹·œ—µ. (2542). “‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂ¨³„¦³­»œžgœ­Îµ®¦´Ÿ¼oÁ oµ °¦¤.” Á°„­µ¦ f„°¦¤„°Š¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ)

ž¦³Áš«°´Š„§¬ ¤¸®¨´„“µœªnµÄœ­¤´¥ King Edward III Ĝže 1339 ŗo¤¸žgœ Cannon Locks čo„´œÂ¨oªœ°„‹µ„œ¸Ê¥´Š¤¸žgœ„¦³°„Á—¸¥ªš¸É¤¸®¨µ¥¨Îµ„¨o°Š Ž¹ÉŠ­µ¤µ¦™¥·ŠÅ—o¡¦o°¤„´œš»„¨Îµ„¨o°Š °¸„—oª¥ œ°„‹µ„œ¸ÊĜ®œ´Š­º° English Burney Manuscript Number 169, Folio 127 Ž¹ÉŠÁ ¸¥œÄœže ‡.«. 1469 ŗo¤¸£µ¡ªµ—‡œ„ε¨´Š¥·Šžgœ Cannon Locks

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£µ¡š¸É 19 ­—Š£µ¡ªµ—‡œ„ε¨´Š¥·Šžgœ Cannon Locks š¸É¤µ : °´¤¡¦ ‹µ¦»‹·œ—µ. (2542). “‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂ¨³„¦³­»œžgœ­Îµ®¦´Ÿ¼oÁ oµ °¦¤.” Á°„­µ¦ f„°¦¤„°Š¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ)

ž¦³Áš«Á¥°¦¤´œœ ¸ Á¥°¦¤´œ¤¸°µª»›žgœÂ Cannon Locks čo ®¨´„“µœ‹µ„ Codex Germanicus 600 ŗo¤¸¦µ¥¨³Á°¸¥—¨³£µ¡ª·›¸£µ¡šÎµ—·œžgœ (—·œ—ε) —´Š£µ¡š¸É 3 ¨³¤¸£µ¡ªµ— ­—ŠÄ®oÁ®Èœš®µ¦„ε¨´Š¥·Šžgœ Cannon Locks š´ÊŠÂœ®¨´Š¤oµ ¨³Âš¸Éčo™º°¥·Šš´ÉªÇ Ş

£µ¡š¸É 20 ­—Š£µ¡ªµ—‡œ„ε¨´Š¥·Šžgœ Cannon Locks š¸É¤µ : °´¤¡¦ ‹µ¦»‹·œ—µ. (2542). “‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂ¨³„¦³­»œžgœ­Îµ®¦´Ÿ¼oÁ oµ °¦¤.” Á°„­µ¦ f„°¦¤„°Š¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ)

Ĝže ‡.«. 1399 ŗo¤¸Ÿ¼o­¦oµŠžgœÂš¸É¤¸ºÉ°ªnµ Tannenber Buchse ¹Êœ žgœ —´Š„¨nµª¤¸Ã‡¦Š­¦oµŠ—´Š£µ¡š¸É 4 ¨³žgœÂœ¸Êŗo¤¸Ÿ¼o »—¡Äœže ‡.«. 1849 žgœÂ Cannon Locks œ¸Êŗočo„´œ¤µ‹œ™¹Š˜oœÇ «˜ª¦¦¬š¸É 15 ‹¹ŠÅ—o¤¸°µª»›žgœÂÄ®¤n

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£µ¡š¸É 21 ­—Š£µ¡ªµ—­ªœž¦³„°žn gœÂš¸É¤¸ºÉ°ªnµ Tannenber Buchse š¸É¤µ : °´¤¡¦ ‹µ¦»‹·œ—µ. (2542). “‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂ¨³„¦³­»œžgœ­Îµ®¦´Ÿ¼oÁ oµ °¦¤.” Á°„­µ¦ f„°¦¤„°Š¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ)

2. Match Locks °µª»›žgœÅ—o¦´„µ¦¡´•œµ ¹Êœ¤µ„Äœ¥»‡ °Š Match Locks ‡º°žgœÂœ¸Ê¤¸œ„žgœ, ńžgœ, ¨³«¼œ¥rÁ¨ÈŠ ¨³¦¼ž¦nµŠš´ÉªÅž„ÈÁ®¤º°œ„´°µª»›žgœÄœž{‹‹»´œ ¨³Äœ­¤´¥œ¸ÊÁnœ„´œ ŗo¤¸Ÿ¼o ‡·—‡oœ®µª·›¸¦¦‹»„¦³­»œžgœÄ®o­µ¤µ¦™¥·ŠÅ—o°¥nµŠ¦ª—Á¦ÈªÃ—¥„µ¦¦¦‹»„¦³­»œÁ oµšµŠšoµ¥¨Îµ„¨o°Š (Breech Loading ) šœ„µ¦¦¦‹»žµ„¨Îµ„¨o°Š, žgœÂš¸É­µ¤µ¦™¥·ŠŽÊεŗo Ž¹ÉŠ­nªœÄ®n‹³Áž}œÂ ‡¨o°¥„´žgœ¦¸ª°¨Áª°¦rĜž{‹‹»´œšµŠÂ„ÈÁž}œœ·—š¸É¤¸®¨µ¥¨Îµ„¨o°Š ˜n„È¥´ŠÅ¤n¤¸Ÿ¼oėž¦³—·¬“r‹œ čo„µ¦Å—o°¥nµŠ‹¦·Š‹´Š š¸É¤µ °Š‡Îµªnµ “Match Lock” „ȇº°°µª»›žgœš¸É™¼„­¦oµŠ ¹ÊœÄ®o¤¸œ„žgœ ńžgœ ¨³ «¼œ¥rÁ¨ÈŠ Á¡ºÉ°nª¥Ä®oŸ¼o¥·Š­µ¤µ¦™Á¨ÈŠ¥·ŠÅ—o šÎµÄ®o¤¸‡ªµ¤Â¤nœ¥Îµ¥·ÉŠ ¹Êœ œ„žgœ˜°œÁ¦·É¤Â¦„Áž}œ Á®¨È„®¦º°Ã¨®³Ã‡oŠ¦¼ž ˜´ª “C” ×¥ž¨µ¥œ¤¸š¸É¥¹—ª´­—»˜·—Å¢š¸É¤¸ºÉ°Á¦¸¥„ªnµ Slow Match ­nªœ ž¨µ¥¨nµŠ °Šœ„žgœ¤¸­¨´„¥¹—˜·—„´˜´ªžgœ ¨³­µ¤µ¦™Á‡¨ºÉ°œÅ®ªÅ—o ˜n°¤µÅ—oÁž¨¸É¥œœ„Áž}œ‹µ„ ¦¼ž˜´ª “C” ¤µÁž}œ¦¼ž˜´ª “S” Ž¹ÉŠµŠš¸É„Ȥ¸Ÿ¼oÁ¦¸¥„žgœ Match Locks š¸É¤¸œ„žgœ¦¼ž˜´ª “S” ªnµ Serpentine ‹µ„®¨´„“µœ˜µ¤ž¦³ª´˜·«µ­˜¦r Codex 3069 š¸É Vienna ŗo´œš¹„ŪoªnµžgœÂ Match Lock ¤¸Äo„´œÄœže ‡.«. 1411 ˜°œÂ¦„œ„žgœÁž}œ¦¼ž˜´ª “C” (—´Š£µ¡š¸É 5) ‹œ„¦³š´ÉŠÄœže ‡.«. 1471 œ„žgœ‹¹ŠÅ—oÁž¨¸É¥œ¤µÁž}œ¦¼ž˜´ª “S” (—´Š£µ¡š¸É 5) žgœÂ Match Locks š¸É¤¸Ä­n—·œ¨n° (Pan) ­Îµ®¦´‹»—¦³Á·—°¥¼n˜·—„´n°Š Touch hole Áª¨µ¥·Šžgœ„ÈÁ®œ¸É¥ªÅ„žgœÄ®oœ„žgœ­´¨Šš¸É Pan Å¢‹µ„ Slow Match ‹³‹»—·œ¨n°Äœ Pan ¨oª‹¹ŠÁ oµÅžÁŸµÅ®¤o—·œžgœ£µ¥Äœ¨Îµ„¨o°Šžgœ°¸„˜n°®œ¹ÉŠ žgœÂœ¸ÊŚ¥Á¦¸¥„ªnµ “žgœ‡µ»—”

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£µ¡š¸É 22 ­—Š£µ¡žœÂg Match Lock œ„žgœÁžœ¦} ¼ž˜´ª C ¨³ œ„žgœÁžœ¦} ¼ž˜´ª S š¸É¤µ : °´¤¡¦ ‹µ¦»‹·œ—µ. (2542). “‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂ¨³„¦³­»œžgœ­Îµ®¦´Ÿ¼oÁ oµ °¦¤.” Á°„­µ¦ f„°¦¤„°Š¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ)

3. Wheel Locks ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„ªnµžgœ Match Lock Ťn­³—ª„Äœ„µ¦ÄoÁ¡¦µ³‹³˜o°Š‡°¥—¼Å¤nÄ®o Slow Match Å®¤o®¤—®¦º°—´ šÎµÄ®oŸ¼ož¦³—·¬“ržgœ¡¥µ¥µ¤‡oœ®µ¦³„µ¦‹»—¦³Á·—°¥nµŠ°ºÉœ¤µ šœ Ĝže ‡.«. 1517 š¸É Nuremberg, Johann kiefuss ŗo­¦oµŠžgœ Wheel Locks ¹Êœ ®¨´„„µ¦ °Šžgœ œ¸Ê„È ‡º° čoŸnœÁ®¨È„ªŠ„¨¤ (Wheel) š¸É ° Wheel Áž}œ®¥´„Ç ˜·—Á oµ„´—oµœ oµŠ °Š˜´ªžgœ°¥¼n ˜·—„´ Pan š¸ÉÄ­n—·œ¨n° ¨³˜´ª Wheel ­µ¤µ¦™®¤»œÅ—o×¥¤¸¨µœ­ž¦·Š š¸Éœ„žgœ˜°œž¨µ¥‹³¤¸Â¦n Pyrite ¥¹—˜·—°¥¼nÁ¤ºÉ°‹³Äo¥·Š˜o°ŠÅ ¨µœ Wheel Ä®o˜¹Š ¨³Äo¤º°—¹Šœ„žgœ¨ŠÃ—¥Ä®ošnŠ Pyrite ªµŠ „—°¥¼nœ ° °Š Wheel Á¤ºÉ°Á®œ¸É¥ªÅ„žgœ Wheel ‹³®¤»œ šnŠ Pyrite ‹³™¼„´ ° °Š Wheel Á„·— ž¦³„µ¥Å¢Åž‹»——·œ¨n°ª·ÉŠŸnµœ Touch hole Á oµÅžÁŸµÅ®¤o—·œžgœ£µ¥Äœ¨Îµ„¨o°Šžgœ˜n°Åž žgœ Wheel Lock ¤¸ o°Á­¸¥‡º°˜o°ŠšÎµ¦³ÁŽ¢ (Safe) ¤µ„¤µ¥ ץĜžgœÂ˜n¨³„¦³°„‹³˜o°Š¤¸š´ÊŠ Trigger Safeties, Hammer Safeties ¨³ Sear Safeties Á¡ºÉ°žj°Š„´œ°»´˜·Á®˜»žgœ¨´Éœ °´œ­µ¤µ¦™ Á„·— ¹ÊœÅ—o×¥Šnµ¥®µ„Ťn¤¸¦³ Safety Á®¨nµœ´Êœ šÎµÄ®o¥»nŠ¥µ„Äœ„µ¦­¦oµŠ ¨³Ã—¥ÁŒ¡µ³¦³‹»— ¦³Á·— Wheel Locks œ¸Ê ­¨´Ž´Žo°œ¥µ„˜n°„µ¦šÎµ Áž}œÁ®˜»Ä®o°µª»›žgœÂœ¸Ê¤¸¦µ‡µÂ¡Š Á„·œÅž ‹¹ŠšÎµÄ®ožgœÂœ¸Ê¤¸Å¤n¤µ„œ´„ Ĝ˜°œž¨µ¥ °Š¥»‡ Wheel Locks ŗočo®·œÁ®¨È„Å¢ (Flint) šœ Pyrite Ž¹ÉŠšÎµÄ®oŗoŸ¨—¸Äœ„µ¦‹»—¦³Á·— žgœÂ Wheel Lock œ¸Ê ŗo¦´„µ¦¡´•œµÄ®o¤¸‡ªµ¤ ¤nœ¥ÎµÄœ„µ¦¥·Š ¹Êœ¤µ¤µ„ „¨nµª‡º°¤¸„µ¦šÎµ«¼œ¥rÁ¨ÈŠ, ńžgœ, ¨³œ„žgœ—¸ ¹Êœ ¨³¥´Š¤¸®¨´„“µœ ¥ºœ¥´œªnµÅ—o¤¸Ÿ¼ošÎµžgœš¸É¤¸Á„¨¸¥ª£µ¥Äœ¨Îµ„¨o°Š ¹Êœ ˜n¥´ŠÄo„µ¦Å¤nŗoŸ¨

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£µ¡š¸É 23 ­—Š£µ¡žgœ Wheel Locks ˜nµŠÇ š¸É¤µ : °´¤¡¦ ‹µ¦»‹·œ—µ. (2542). “‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂ¨³„¦³­»œžgœ­Îµ®¦´Ÿ¼oÁ oµ °¦¤.” Á°„­µ¦ f„°¦¤„°Š¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ)

4. Flint Locks žgœÂ Flint Locks Ĝš¸Éœ¸Ê‹³„¨nµª¦ª¤™¹ŠžgœÂ Snaphaunce ¨³ Miquelet Á¡¦µ³¤¸®¨´„„µ¦šÎµŠµœÂ¦³‹»—¦³Á·—Á®¤º°œÇ „´œ ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„žgœÂ W heel Locks ¤¸¦µ‡µ ¡Š—´ŠÅ—o„¨nµª¤µÂ¨oª šÎµÄ®o¤¸Ÿ¼o‡oœ®µª·›¸­¦oµŠ°µª»›žgœš¸É¤¸¦³‹»—¦³Á·—Ä®¤n ¹Êœ¤µ ‹œ„¦³š´ÉŠÄœ¦µªže ‡.«. 1525 Ĝž¦³Áš«­Ážœ ŗo¤¸Ÿ¼ož¦³—·¬“r¦³‹»—¦³Á·—Ä®¤n ¹ÊœÂ¨³Ä®o ºÉ°žgœÂÄ®¤nœ¸Êªnµ Snaphaunce žgœœ·—œ¸Êœ„žgœ‹³„¨´¤µ°¥¼nšµŠ—oµœ®¨´Š Áª¨µ¥·Šœ„žgœ‹³˜¸Åž oµŠ®œoµ Ÿ·—„´Â„n°œÇ Ž¹ÉŠ­nªœÄ®nœ„žgœ‹³°¥¼nšµŠ—oµœ®œoµ Áª¨µ¥·Šœ„žgœ„È‹³˜¸¤µšµŠ—oµœ ®¨´Š š¸Éž¨µ¥œ„žgœÂ Snaphaunce ¤¸®·œ Á®¨È„Å¢¥¹—˜·—°¥¼n Áª¨µ‹³¥·ŠÄo¤º°ŠoµŠœ„žgœ ¹Êœ‡oµŠÅªo ¨³Äo¤º°Ážd— µ‡¦° Pan °°„ Á¤ºÉ°Á®œ¸É¥ªÅ„žgœ œ„žgœ‹³­´¨Š„¦³š„´š´ÉŠ (Anvil) Á®¨È„„¨oµ š¸É°¥¼n˜·—Ç „´ Pan šÎµÄ®oÁ„·—ž¦³„µ¥Å¢˜·——·œ¨n°Äœ Pan, Snaphaunce Áž}œ¦³„µ¦‹»—¦³Á·— °Š žgœ š¸É™º°„´œªnµÁž}œ‡ªµ¤„oµª®œoµ°´œ¥°—Á¥¸É¥¤šµŠÁš‡ÃœÃ¨¥¸Äœ„µ¦­¦oµŠ°µª»›žgœ ĜÁª¨µÁ—¸¥ª„´œ„´š¸ÉžgœÂ Snaphaunce ™¼„­¦oµŠ ¹Êœ „Èŗo¤¸µª­Ážœ°¸„Ÿ¼o®œ¹ÉŠ ­¦oµŠ°µª»›žgœœ¸Ê¤¸¦³„µ¦‹»—¦³Á·—‡¨oµ¥Ç „´œ ¹Êœ ץĮoºÉ°ªnµžgœÂ Miquelet ¦³‹»—¦³Á·— °Šžgœ 2 œ¸Ê Ÿ·—„´œš¸É­ž¦·Šœ„žgœÂ Miquelet °¥¼n—oµœœ°„ °Š˜´ªžgœ ­µ¤µ¦™¤°ŠÁ®ÈœÅ—o (—´Š£µ¡š¸É7 šµŠŽoµ¥) ­nªœžgœÂ Snaphaunce œ´Êœ­ž¦·Šœ„žgœ‹³°¥¼n£µ¥Äœ˜´ªžgœ ¤°ŠÅ¤nÁ®Èœ‹µ„ £µ¥œ°„ (—´Š£µ¡š¸É 24 šµŠ ªµ)

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£µ¡š¸É 24 ­—Š£µ¡žgœÂ Miquelet ¨³  Snaphaunce š¸É¤µ : °´¤¡¦ ‹µ¦»‹·œ—µ. (2542). “‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂ¨³„¦³­»œžgœ­Îµ®¦´Ÿ¼oÁ oµ °¦¤.” Á°„­µ¦ f„°¦¤„°Š¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ)

°¸„ 100 že˜n°¤µ¦³ Snaphaunce ¨³ Miquelet ‹¹ŠÅ—o¦´„µ¦¡´•œµÅ—o—¸ ¹ÊœÄœºÉ°ªnµžgœÂ “Flint Locks” žgœÂœ¸ÊŚ¥Á¦µÁ¦¸¥„ªnµ “žgœ‡µ«·¨µ” žgœÂ Flint Locks µª ¦´ÉŠÁ«­Áž}œŸ¼o­¦oµŠ ¹Êœž¦³¤µ–že ‡.«. 1650 ¡´•œµ¤µ‹µ„žgœÂ Snaphaunce ¨³ Miquelet Ÿ·—„´œÁ¡¸¥ŠÁ¨È„œo°¥š¸Éš´ÉŠÁ®¨È„„¨oµ ­Îµ®¦´Ä®ošnŠ Pyrite ®¦º° Flint „¦³Âš„œ´Êœ šÎµ˜´ÊŠŒµ„˜·—°¥¼n„´ µžd— Pan, Á¤ºÉ°œ„žgœ­´¨Š„¦³š„´š´ÉŠÁ®¨È„„¨oµ „ȚεĮoÁ„·—ž¦³„µ¥Å¢ –³Á—¸¥ª„´œ„ÈÁžd— µ žd— Pan Ş—oª¥ µžd— Pan ĜžgœÂ Flint Locks œ¸Ê¤¸ºÉ°Á¦¸¥„ªnµ Batterie ®¦º° Frizzen £µ¡š¸É 25

£µ¡š¸É 25 ­—Š£µ¡„µ¦šÎµŠµœ °Šžgœ Flint Locks š¸É¤µ : °´¤¡¦ ‹µ¦»‹·œ—µ. (2542). “‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂ¨³„¦³­»œžgœ­Îµ®¦´Ÿ¼oÁ oµ °¦¤.” Á°„­µ¦ f„°¦¤„°Š¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ)

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Ĝže ‡.«. 1690 ¦´“µ¨°´Š„§¬Å—o¦´Á°µžgœÂ Flint Locks Á oµž¦³‹Îµ„µ¦Äœ „°Šš´¡ Ž¹ÉŠÄœ­¤´¥œ´ÊœÁž}œžgœš¸É¤¸ºÉ°Á­¸¥Š¤µ„ ¤¸ºÉ°ªnµžgœ “Brown Bess” ž¦³Áš«°ºÉœÇ š´Éª¥»Ã¦ž ¨³­®¦´“°Á¤¦·„µ „ÈčožgœÂ Flint Locks „´œ°¥nµŠ„ªoµŠ ªµŠ Ĝ¥»‡ °ŠžgœÂ Flint Locks œ¸Ê ¤¸°µª»›žgœ­ ´Êœ žgœ¥µª ®¨µ¥Â™¼„­¦oµŠ ¹Êœ¤µ Ánœžgœ®¨µ¥Ç ¨Îµ„¨o°Š, žgœœ·—š¸É¦¦‹»„¦³­»œšµŠšoµ¥¨Îµ„¨o°Š (Breech Loading) žgœ¦¸ ª°¨Áª°¦rÁž}œ˜oœ žgœÂ Flint Locks Áž}œÂš¸É¤œ»¬¥rŗočoŠµœ„´œÁž}œÁª¨µœµœ®¨µ¥«˜ª¦¦¬ ‡º° Á¦·É¤˜´ÊŠÂ˜nž¦³¤µ–„¨µŠ«˜ª¦¦¬š¸É 16 ‹œ™¹Š˜oœ«˜ª¦¦¬š¸É 19 ‹¹ŠÅ—o¤¸°µª»›žgœÂÄ®¤nÁ oµ¤µ šœ (£µ¡š¸É 26)

£µ¡š¸É 26 ­—Š£µ¡žgœ Flint Locks œ·—˜nµŠÇ š¸É¤µ : °´¤¡¦ ‹µ¦»‹·œ—µ. (2542). “‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂ¨³„¦³­»œžgœ­Îµ®¦´Ÿ¼oÁ oµ °¦¤.” Á°„­µ¦ f„°¦¤„°Š¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ) 41

5. Percussion Locks ˜´ÊŠÂ˜n«˜ª¦¦¬š¸É 18 Áž}œ˜oœ¤µ ¤œ»¬¥rÁ¦µ¤¸‡ªµ¤¦¼ošµŠÁ‡¤¸Á¡·É¤¤µ„ ¹Êœ šÎµÄ®o¤¸Ÿ¼o ‡·—‡oœ­µ¦Á‡¤¸š¸ÉÁž}œ­µ¦ª´˜™»¦³Á·— š¸ÉÁ¤ºÉ°™¼„„¦³š„¦³Âš„°¥nµŠÂ¦ŠÂ¨oª‹³­µ¤µ¦™¦³Á·— ¹ÊœÅ—o ­µ¦Á‡¤¸š¸Éªnµœ´Êœ ‡º° Fulminate of Mercury Ž¹ÉŠ™º°ªnµÁž}œ Priming Powder ˜´ªÂ¦„ š¸É¤œ»¬¥rœÎµ¤µÄo Ĝ„µ¦¥·Šžgœ ×¥œÎµÁ°µ Fulminate of Mercury Á¡¸¥ŠÁ¨È„œo°¥Ä­nĜ Pan Ž¹ÉŠ°¥¼nÁ®œº°n°Š Touch hole Á¤ºÉ°¥·Šžgœ„ÈÁ®œ¸É¥ªÅ„žgœ˜¸¨Šœ Pan, Fulminate of Mercury ‹³¦³Á·— ¹Êœ ¤¸ž¦³„µ¥Å¢ª·ÉŠŸnµœn°Š Touch hole Á oµÅžÁŸµÅ®¤o —·œžgœ£µ¥Äœ¨Îµ„¨o°Šžgœ ®¨´„“µœ˜µ¤ž¦³ª´˜·«µ­˜¦r ´œš¹„Ūoªnµœ´„ª·š¥µ«µ­˜¦rµª ¦´ÉŠÁ«­Áž}œŸ¼o ‡oœ¡ªnµ Fulminate of Mercury Áž}œª´˜™»¦³Á·—˜´ÊŠÂ˜nže ‡.«. 1703 ˜nŤn¤¸Ÿ¼oėœÎµ¤µÄo„´°µª»›žgœ ‹œ„¦³š´ÉŠÄœže ‡.«. 1793 µš®¨ªŠµª­„°˜Â¨œ—rºÉ° Alexander John Forsyth ŗoš—¨°ŠœÎµÁ°µ Fulminate of Mercury ¤µÄoÁž}œ˜´ª‹»——·œžgœ Ĝže ‡.«. 1805 Forsyth ŗoŸ¨·˜žgœš¸Éčo Fulminate of Mercury Áž}œ˜´ª‹»——·œžgœ ¹Êœ ץĮoºÉ°ªnµÁž}œžgœÂ Percussion Locks ¹ÊœÁž}œ‡¦´ÊŠÂ¦„Äœ„¦»Š ¨°œ—°œ Ĝže ‡.«. 1812, Forsyth ŗo¦nª¤¤º°„´ James Watts (Ÿ¼o­¦oµŠÁ‡¦ºÉ°Š‹´„¦Å°œÊε) ž¦³—·¬“r žgœÂ Percussion Locks ¹ÊœÅªo®¨µ¥Â˜n°¤µÅ¤nœµœ šµŠ„°Šš´¡°´Š„§¬Å—oœÎµžgœÂœ¸ÊÁ oµ ž¦³‹Îµ„µ¦ šœžgœÂ Flint Locks Ĝ˜°œÂ¦„š¸É Forsyth ž¦³—·¬“ržgœ Percussion Lock ¹ÊœÅ—oœ´Êœ Á µÄo Fulminate of Mercury Áž}œŸŠÄ­n¨ŠÄœ Pan —´Š„¨nµª oµŠ˜oœ ˜n˜n°¤µÁ µÅ—o¡´•œµ ¹ÊœÃ—¥Á°µŸŠ Fulminate of Mercury ®n°—oª¥„¦³—µ¬·ÊœÁ¨È„Ç (čo„¦³—µ¬ 2 ·Êœ ž¦³„°„´œÃ—¥¤¸ŸŠ Fulminate of Mercury °¥¼n Ĝ¥»‡ °Š Percussion Lock œ¸Ê ¤¸°µª»›žgœÂ˜nµŠÇ ™¼„ž¦³—·¬“r ¹Êœ°¸„¤µ„¤µ¥ ×¥ÁŒ¡µ³¡ª„žgœÂ Breech Loading Á¦·É¤¤¸Äo„´œ¤µ„ ™¹ŠÂ¤oªnµ‹³¥´ŠÅ¤n¤¸Ÿ¼oė­µ¤µ¦™ž¦³—·¬“r „¦³­»œžgœ ¹Êœ¤µÅ—o„Șµ¤ £µ¥Äœ¨Îµ„¨o°Šžgœ„ÈŗošÎµÁ„¨¸¥ª„´œ ¹Êœ¤µÄo¤µ„ ¹Êœ ¨¼„„¦³­»œ„Ȥ¸¦¼ž¦nµŠ ˜nµŠÇ „´œÅ¤nŗoÁž}œ¨¼„˜³„´Éª„¨¤Ç Á¡¸¥Š°¥nµŠÁ—¸¥ª œ°„‹µ„œ¸Ê¥´Š¤¸žgœÂš¸É­µ¤µ¦™¥·ŠŽÊεŗo (Repeating Arms) Ánœžgœ¦¸ª°¨Áª°¦r Áž}œ˜oœ Ĝ„¨µŠ«˜ª¦¦¬š¸É 19 žgœÂ Percussion Locks „Ȥ¸Äo„´œ°¥nµŠÂ¡¦n®¨µ¥š´ÉªÅž š´ÊŠšª¸ž¥»Ã¦žÂ¨³°Á¤¦·„µ ¡¦o°¤Ç „´œœ¸Ê„Èŗo¤¸Ÿ¼o¡¥µ¥µ¤‡·—‡oœ­¦oµŠ„¦³­»œžgœœ·—Áž}œœ´— ¨³¤¸ ¦³‹»——·œžgœ°¥¼n£µ¥Äœ„¦³­»œÂ˜n¨³œ´— (—´ŠÁnœ„¦³­»œžgœÄœž{‹‹»´œ) ¹Êœ¤µ„¤µ¥ ˜n„È¥´ŠÄo „µ¦Å¤nŗo Á¡¦µ³Â„p­‹µ„„µ¦ÁŸµÅ®¤o °Š—·œžgœ ­µ¤µ¦™¦´Éª°°„šµŠšoµ¥¨Îµ„¨o°ŠžgœÅ—o žgœÂ Percussion Locks œ¸Ê Ĝž{‹‹»´œ¥´Š‡Š¤¸Äo„´œ°¥¼n°¥nµŠ„ªoµŠ ªµŠ š´ÉªÅžš´ÊŠÃ¨„ Ánœ Ĝœšš¸É®nµŠÅ„¨ °ŠÅš¥ Ĝž¦³Áš«°·œÁ—¸¥ ¨³µŠž¦³Áš«ÄœÂ°¢¦·„µ Ž¹ÉŠ šµŠ¦´“µ¨Å¤n¥°¤Ä®ož¦³µœ¤¸°µª»›žgœÂš´œ­¤´¥Äo˜¨°—‹œ¡ª„š¸Éœ·¥¤Äo°µª»›žgœÂ 42

Muzzle Loading Ĝž¦³Áš«­®¦´“°Á¤¦·„µÂ¨³°´Š„§¬ Áž}œ˜oœ žgœÂœ¸ÊŚ¥Á¦µÁ¦¸¥„„´œªnµ “žgœÂ„pž”

£µ¡š¸É 27 ­—ŠÄ®oÁ®Èœ°µª»›žgœÂ Percussion Locks ˜nµŠÇ š¸É¤µ : °´¤¡¦ ‹µ¦»‹·œ—µ. (2542). “‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂ¨³„¦³­»œžgœ­Îµ®¦´Ÿ¼oÁ oµ °¦¤.” Á°„­µ¦ f„°¦¤„°Š¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ)

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„¦³­»œžgœ (Cartridge) „¦³­»œžgœš¸ÉŸ¨·˜°°„‹Îµ®œnµ¥šµŠ„µ¦‡oµ¤¸°¥¼n 3  ‡º° 1. Pin Fire Cartridge Áž}œ„¦³­»œÂÂ¦„š¸É­¦oµŠ ¹ÊœÃ—¥nµŠšÎµžgœµªÁ¤º°Šžµ¦¸­ ºÉ° E. Lefaucheux Ĝže ‡.«. 1835 Á µÅ—o‹—š³Á¸¥œ¨· ­·š›·Í ¨³Ÿ¨·˜°°„‹Îµ®œnµ¥Äœže ‡.«. 1836 ×¥¤¸š´ÊŠ„¦³­»œ žgœÅ¦Á¢d¨, „¦³­»œžgœ¡„ ¨³„¦³­»œž gœ¨¼„Ž°Š Ĝ˜°œÂ¦„ž¨°„„¦³­»œžgœš»„œ·—šÎµ—oª¥ „¦³—µ¬­nªœšoµ¥Áž}œš°ŠÁ®¨º°Š ¨³¤¸Á Ȥߨn°°„¤µšµŠ—oµœ oµŠž¨°„„¦³­»œ ž¨µ¥Á Ȥ°¸„—oµœ ®œ¹ÉŠ {Š°¥¼n£µ¥Äœž¨°„„¦³­»œžgœÃ—¥ªµŠ°¥¼nœÂ„pž (Primer Cap) Ž¹ÉŠ¦¦‹»°¥¼nĜ™oª¥Ã¨®³ (—´Š £µ¡š¸É 11) žgœš¸Éčo„¦³­»œÂœ¸Êš¸Éœ„žgœÅ¤n¤¸Á ȤšŠœªœ Áª¨µ¥·Šœ„žgœ‹³„¦³Âš„¨ŠœÁ Ȥš¸É ߨn°°„¤µ oµŠž¨°„„¦³­»œžgœ ž¨µ¥Á Ȥ°¸„ oµŠ®œ¹ÉŠ„È‹³„¦³Âš„„´Â„pž Á„·—¦³Á·— ¹Êœ ž¦³„µ¥ Å¢„È‹³ÅžÁŸµÅ®¤o—·œžgœ˜n°Åž „¦³­»œžgœÂ Pin Fire ¤¸°µ¥»„µ¦ÄoŠµœÅ—oŤnœµœœ´„ „È™¼„šœ—oª¥„¦³­»œ žgœÂÄ®¤n‡º°Â Rim Fire

£µ¡š¸É 28 ­—Š£µ¡Ã‡¦Š­¦oµŠ„¦³­»œœ·— Pin Fire š¸É¤µ : °´¤¡¦ ‹µ¦»‹·œ—µ. (2542). “‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂ¨³„¦³­»œžgœ­Îµ®¦´Ÿ¼oÁ oµ °¦¤.” Á°„­µ¦ f„°¦¤„°Š¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ)

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Rim Fire Cartridge nµŠšÎµžgœµª ¦´ÉŠÁ«­ ºÉ° Flobert ŗo—´—ž¨ŠÁ°µÂ„pžš¸Éčo„´žgœÂ Percussion Locks ×¥šÎµÄ®o˜´ªÂ„pž°¥¼nÁŒ¡µ³š¸É¦·¤ °‹µœšoµ¥„¦³­»œžgœ čo¥·Š„´°µª»›žgœš¸ÉÁ µ ž¦³—·¬“r ¹ÊœÄœže ‡.«. 1851 „¦³­»œžgœš¸Éªnµœ¸Ê¤¸ œµ—Á¨È„ Ťn˜o°ŠÄo—·œžgœ °µ«´¥Â¦Š¦³Á·— °ŠÂ„pž Á¡¸¥Š°¥nµŠÁ—¸¥ª„È¡°Á¡¸¥ŠÄœ„µ¦ ´¨¼„¦³­»œžgœ ˜n°¤µÄœže ‡.«. 1857 ¦·¬´š Smith & Wesson „Èŗo­¦oµŠ„¦³­»œžgœ œµ— .22 ¹Êœ Ž¹ÉŠÁ®¤º°œ„´„¦³­»œžgœ¨¼„„¦— œµ— .22 Ĝž{‹‹»´œ Ÿ¼oŸ¨·˜ °Š Smith & Wesson Ĝ­¤´¥œ´Êœž¦³„°—oª¥ Horace Smith, Daniel B. Wesson ¨³ B. Tyler Henry Ĝže ‡.«. 1860 B. Tyler Henry ŗo‹—š³Á¸¥œ¨· ­·š›·ÍžgœÅ¦Á¢d¨ œµ— .44 čo „¦³­»œžgœ Rim Fire ¨³¦·¬´š Winchester Áž}œŸ¼oŸ¨·˜°°„‹Îµ®œnµ¥ žgœ—´Š„¨nµªÁž}œš¸Éœ·¥¤Â¨³¤¸ ºÉ°Á­¸¥Š¤µ„Äœ­¤´¥œ´Êœ B. Tyler Henry ŗo¦´„µ¦¥„¥n°ŠªnµÁž}œŸ¼oš¸É¡´•œµ„¦³­»œžgœ Rim Fire, „¦³­»œžgœ Rim Fire š»„œ·—š¸É把µœ °Š Winchester Ÿ¨·˜ ¹Êœ ‹³ž¦³š´˜¦µ˜´ª°´„¬¦ “H” Ūoš¸É ‹µœšoµ¥„¦³­»œžgœ Á¡ºÉ°Áž}œÁ„¸¥¦˜·Â„n B. Tyler Henry Ž¹ÉŠ¥´Šž¦µ„’°¥¼n‹œ„¦³š´ÉŠš»„ª´œœ¸Ê Ĝž{‹‹»´œœ¸Ê„¦³­»œžgœ Rim Fire š¸ÉŸ¨·˜°°„‹Îµ®œnµ¥°¥¼nÁ¡¸¥ŠÅ¤n„¸Éœ·— ¤¸ ÁŒ¡µ³¡ª„„¦³­»œžgœ œµ—Á¨È„Ç œµ—ŤnÁ„·œ .22 Ášnµœ´Êœ ­µÁ®˜»ÁœºÉ°Š¤µ‹µ„ªnµ Ĝ„¦³­»œžgœ œµ—Ä®n„ªnµœ¸Ê‹³Ÿ¨·˜„´œÂ Center Fire Á¡¦µ³­µ¤µ¦™Ÿ¨·˜Å—oŠnµ¥„ªnµ £µ¥®¨´Š‹µ„š¸Éčo¥·ŠÅž ¨oª¥´Š­µ¤µ¦™œÎµž¨°„„¦³­»œžgœ„¨´Åž°´—„¦³­»œžgœœÎµ¤µÄo¥·ŠÄ®¤nŗo ˜n­Îµ®¦´­Îµ®¦´ „¦³­»œžgœ Rim Fire œ´ÊœÁ¤ºÉ°¥·ŠÂ¨oªÅ¤n­µ¤µ¦™š¸É‹³œÎµÅž°´—„¦³­»œÅ—o°¸„

£µ¡š¸É 29 ­—Š£µ¡Ã‡¦Š­¦oµŠ„¦³­»œœ·— Rim Fire š¸É¤µ : °´¤¡¦ ‹µ¦»‹·œ—µ. (2542). “‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂ¨³„¦³­»œžgœ­Îµ®¦´Ÿ¼oÁ oµ °¦¤.” Á°„­µ¦ f„°¦¤„°Š¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ) 45

Center Fire Cartridge F.E. Schneider µªÁ¤º°Šžµ¦¸­ ŗo‹—š³Á¸¥œ¨· ­·š›·Í„¦³­»œžgœÂ Center Fire š¸Éž¦³Áš«°´Š„§¬ Á¤ºÉ°že ‡.«. 1861 šÎµÄ®o¤¸„¦³­»œžgœÂÄ®¤nœ¸Êčo„´œ¤µ˜´ÊŠÂ˜n´—œ´Êœ ˜n„ªnµ ‹³¤¸‡»–£µ¡Á®¤º°œ„´š¸Éčo„´œ°¥¼nĜž{‹‹»´œœ¸Ê „Èŗo¤¸„µ¦ž¦´ž¦»ŠÂ„oÅ „´œ°¥nµŠ¤µ„¤µ¥ ˜´ÊŠÂ˜nª´­—» š¸ÉčošÎµ­nªœ„¦³­»œžgœ°¥nµŠ°ºÉœÇ °¸„ 8  š¸ÉŗoŸ¨·˜ ¹Êœ ˜nŤnŗo¦´‡ªµ¤œ·¥¤ ¤¸¦¼ž¨´„¬–r —´Š £µ¡š¸É 30

£µ¡š¸É 30 ­—Š£µ¡Ã‡¦Š­¦oµŠ„¦³­»œœ·— Center Fire š¸É¤µ : °´¤¡¦ ‹µ¦»‹·œ—µ. (2542). “‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂ¨³„¦³­»œžgœ­Îµ®¦´Ÿ¼oÁ oµ °¦¤.” Á°„­µ¦ f„°¦¤„°Š¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ)

Á¤ºÉ°„¦³­»œžgœ Rim Fire ¨³ Center Fire ™¼„­¦oµŠ ¹Êœ¤µÅ—o „Èœ´Å—oªnµÁž}œ ‹»—Á¦·É¤˜oœ °Š„µ¦¡´•œµ°µª›ž» gœ­¤´¥Ä®¤n ¹Êœ¤µ šÎµÄ®o¤¸žgœÂš¸É­µ¤µ¦™¥·ŠŽÊεŗo ÁnœÂ Lever Action, Pump Action, Semi-Automatic, ¨³žgœ„¨Â˜nµŠÇ ¹Êœ šÎµÄ®o°µª»›Å—o¦´„µ¦¡´•œµš´ÊŠ šµŠ—oµœ‡»–£µ¡Â¨³ž¦³­·š›·£µ¡ ¹Êœ°¥nµŠ¤µ„¤µ¥ ×¥ÁŒ¡µ³ÄœªŠÁª¨µ®¨n ´Š­Š‡¦µ¤Ã¨„‡¦´ÊŠš¸É 2 Áž}œ˜oœ¤µ ‡Š‹Îµ„´œÅ—oªnµÄœ­¤´¥Á¦·É¤Â¦„š¸É¤¸°µª»›žgœœ´Êœ „ªnµ‹³¥·ŠžœÅ—g o˜n¨³œ—˜´ o°ŠÄoÁª¨µ¤µ„ ‡ªµ¤Â¤nœ¥Îµ„Å¤È n—¸Â˜Äœžn {‹‹»´œœ¸Ê°µª»›žgœ¨Îµ„¨o°ŠÁ—¸É¥ª­µ¤µ¦™¥·ŠÅ—oÁ¦Èªš¸É­»—™¹Š 1,200 œ´—˜n°œµš¸ —´ŠÁnœžgœ„¨¤º° Ingram M.10 ¨³ M. 11 Áž}œ˜oœ 46

„¦³­»œžgœÃ—¥š´ÉªÅž¤¸­nªœž¦³„°š¸É­Îµ‡´ 4 ­nªœ‡º° 1. ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ ®¦º° ®´ª„¦³­»œžgœ (Bullet) 2. ž¨°„„¦³­»œžgœ (Cartridge Case) 3. —·œ­nŠ„¦³­»œžgœ (Powder) 4. „pž (Primer Cap)

¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ (Bullet) ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœÄœ˜°œÂ¦„„ÈÁž}œ¡ª„¨¼„—°„, ¨¼„›œ¼, ®·œ„¨¤Ç Áž}œ˜oœ ˜n°¤µ„È čo¨¼„Á®¨È„®¦º° ˜³„´Éª Ž¹ÉŠ˜n°¤µ„È¡ªnµ¨¼„Á®¨È„®¦º°˜³„´Éª ‹³Ä®o¦³¥³¥·ŠÅ„¨„ªnµ°¥nµŠ°ºÉœ ˜nĜ š¸É­»—„È¡ªnµ˜³„´ÉªÁž}œ­µ¦Á—¸¥ªš¸ÉÁ®¤µ³­¤š¸É­»—š¸É‹³ÄošÎµ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ ‡º°¤¸œÊ宜´„—¸ ¦µ‡µ™¼„ ¨³Šnµ¥Äœ„µ¦š¸É‹³®¨°¤®¦º°®¨n°šÎµ¦¼žÂ˜nµŠÇ ˜´ÊŠÂ˜nÁ¦·É¤ª·ª´•œµ„µ¦ °Š°µª»›žgœÁž}œ˜oœ¤µ ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸ÉčošÎµ—oª¥˜³„´Éª¨oªœÇ ¤µÁž}œÁª¨µœµœ™¹Š 525 že ‹œ„¦³š´ÉŠÄœže ‡.«. 1880-1890 ‹¹ŠÅ—o¤¸¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœÂš¸ÉÁ¦¸¥„ªnµ Jacketed Bullet Á„·— ¹Êœ Ĝ­¤´¥œ´Êœ Jacket šÎµ—oª¥š°ŠÁ®¨º°Š ®¦º°š°ŠÂ—ŠµŠÇ ®»o¤Â„œ˜³„´ÉªÅªo ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœÄœ­¤´¥„n°œ‹³šÎµÁž}œ¨¼„š¦Š„¨¤ ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„čo„´žgœž¦³‹»žµ„ ¨³¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ¤¸ œµ—Á¨È„„ªnµ¦¼¨Îµ„¨o°Šžgœ Ĝže ‡.«. 1836 „°Šš´¡„°´Š„§¬ ŗošÎµžgœš¸É¤¸ºÉ° ªnµ Brunswick Rifle Ž¹ÉŠÁž}œžgœž¦³‹»žµ„ Á oµž¦³‹Îµ„µ¦Äœ„°Šš´¡ žgœš¸Éªnµœ¸ÊÁ„¨¸¥ª£µ¥Äœ¨Îµ„¨o°Š 2 Á„¨¸¥ª ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸ÉčoÁž}œ¨¼„š¦Š„¨¤¤¸­´œœ¼œš¸É¨¼„˜n°¤µÄœže ‡.«. 1846 ¦o°¥Á°„ Charles Minie ®nŠ„°Šš´¡„ ¦´ÉŠÁ«­ ŗočo„¦³­»œžgœš¸É¤¸¨´„¬–³Áž}œš¦Š„¦³°„¥µª“µœÁªoµž¨µ¥¤œ Ž¹ÉŠÄ®oŸ¨—¸„ªnµ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœÂš¦Š„¨¤š¸Éŗočo„´œ¤µÁž}œÁª¨µ«˜ª¦¦¬ ™¹ŠÂ¤oªnµ‹³Áž}œžgœž¦³‹» ¤µ„ ˜n°¤µšµŠ°´Š„§¬Â¨³°Á¤¦·„µ„ÈŗoœÎµÅžÄo ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœÄœž{‹‹»´œ¤¸°¥¼n—oª¥„´œ 2  ‡º° 1. Lead Bullet ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœž{‹‹»´œš¸É¤¸‡ªµ¤Á¦Èª˜oœ˜É優nµ 2,000 ¢»˜/ª·œµš¸ ‹³šÎµ—oª¥ ˜³„´Éª ¨³‡ªµ¤¦o°œÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„¦Š¦³Á·—ŤnšÎµÄ®o˜³„´Éª¨³¨µ¥ ˜n¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœœ´ÊœÅ¤nŗošÎµ—oª¥ ˜³„´Éª¨oªœÇ Á¡¦µ³‹³°n°œÁ„·œÅž ‹³˜o°ŠÄo讳°ºÉœŸ­¤—oª¥Á¡ºÉ°šÎµÄ®o Ȋ ¹Êœ Ž¹ÉŠ­nªœÄ®n˜´ªš¸É čoŸ­¤‹³Áž}œÃ¨®³¡¨ªŠ (Antimony) ®¦º° —¸»„ (Tin) ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ œµ—Á¨È„ Ánœžgœ¡„š´ÉªÇ Ş š¸É把µœŸ¨·˜°°„ µ¥ čo ˜³„´ÉªŸ­¤„´¡¨ªŠ ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸É°´—čoÁ°Š ‹³Äo˜³„´ÉªŸ­¤„´—¸»„ Á¡¦µ³Šnµ¥Äœ„µ¦®¨°¤Â¨³ 47

®¨n°¨¼„„¦³­»œ ­Îµ®¦´¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸É°´—čoÁ°Š ץčo—·œžgœÂ Black Powder Áž}œ˜´ª ´—´œ čo°´˜¦µ­nªœ °Š—¸»„ : ˜³„´Éª = 1 : 15 „Èčoŗo¨oª ˜n¤µ˜¦“µœÄo —¸»„ : ˜³„´Éª = 1 : 20 ™oµÄo—·œžgœÂ Smokeless Powder Áž}œ˜´ª ´—´œ ­Îµ®¦´„¦³­»œžgœ Á¨È„š´ÉªÇ ބȇŠÄo°´˜¦µ­nªœ¤µ˜¦“µœÁnœÁ—¸¥ª„´ Black Powder ‡º° 1 : 20 ˜n ™oµÁž}œ„¦³­»œ ‡ªµ¤Á¦Èª­¼Š (High Velocity) čo°´˜¦µ­nªœ °Š —¸»„ : ˜³„´Éª = 1 : 10 ­Îµ®¦´¨¼„„¦³­»œÅ¦Á¢d¨š¸Éčo Smokeless Powder Áž}œ˜´ª ´—´œÄœ„¦³­»œžgœ›¦¦¤—µ Ĝ°´˜¦µ­nªœ °Š —¸»„ : ˜³„´Éª = 1 : 10 ®¦º° 1 : 12 ˜n™oµÁž}œ„¦³­»œžgœÂ Top velocity Load Ĝ°´˜¦µ­nªœ °Š —¸»„ : ¡¨ªŠ : ˜³„´Éª = 5 : 5 : 90 ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸É¤¸­nªœŸ­¤—´Š„¨nµªœ¸Ê¤¸ºÉ°ÁŒ¡µ³Á¦¸¥„ªnµ “ Type Metal Bullet” Ĝž{‹‹»´œœ¸Ê ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸ÉšÎµ—oª¥˜³„´Éª¤¸¨´„¬–³˜°œšoµ¥¨¼„„¦³­»œ žgœ°¥¼n 5  ‡º° 1. Plain Base œ¸Ê„oœ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ‹³Á¦¸¥Á­¤°„´œ 2. Hollow Base œ¸Ê„oœ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ‹³ÁªoµÁ oµ®¦º°„¨ªŠ¨¹„ 3. Gas Check Base œ¸Ê‹³¤¸™oª¥š°ŠÂ—Š®¦º°š°ŠÁ®¨º°ŠµŠÇ ®»o¤„oœ ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœÅªo Á¡ºÉ°žj°Š„´œ˜³„´Éª­nªœ„oœ¨³¨µ¥ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„‡ªµ¤¦o°œ Ĝ„¦³­»œžgœÂ High Temperature and Pressure 4. Zinc Washer Base œ¸Ê­nªœ„oœ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ‹³»——oª¥­´Š„³­¸ (Zinc) Á¡ºÉ°Áž}œ˜´ªžj°Š„´œÅ¤nÄ®o˜³„´Éª¦·Áª–„oœÂ¨³„oœÂ¨³ oµŠ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ¨³¨µ¥ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„‡ªµ¤ ¦o°œÂ¨³¥´ŠšÎµ®œoµš¸ÉÁž}œ˜´ª¨oµŠÁ°µÁ«¬˜³„´Éª 5. Short or Half Jacketed œ¸Ê¤¸ jacket ®»o¤„oœ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ­¼Š ¹Êœ¤µ ž¦³¤µ– 1/4 ®¦º° 3/4 °Š‡ªµ¤­¼Š °Š¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ šÎµ®œoµš¸Éžj°Š„´œÅ¤nÄ®o˜³„´Éªš¸É„oœÂ¨³ oµŠ¨¼„ „¦³­»œžgœ¨³¨µ¥˜·—¨Îµ„¨o°ŠžgœÁnœÁ—¸¥ª„´œ ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœÄœÂš¸É 4 ¨³ 5 ­nªœš¸ÉÁž}œ˜³„´Éª‹³Áž}œ˜³„´Éª¨oªœÅ¤n¤¸ ¡¨ªŠ®¦º°—¸»„Ÿ­¤Á¨¥Â¨³š´ÊŠ 2 Å¤n˜o°Š¤¸˜´ª®¨n°¨ºÉœ ˜n 3 Â¦„˜o°Š¤¸˜´ª®¨n°¨ºÉœ ¤¸¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸ÉšÎµ—oª¥˜³„´ÉªÂ®œ¹ÉŠ Ž¹ÉŠ™oµ—¼Á¡¸¥ŠŸ·ªÁŸ·œÂ¨oª—¼ Á®¤º°œªnµÁž}œ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœÂš¸É¤¸ Jacket š°ŠÂ—Š®»o¤ ˜nšoš¸É‹¦·ŠÂ¨oªÅ¤nčn Jacket Áž}œÁ¡¸¥Š ˜³„´Éª»—oª¥Ã¨®³š°ŠÂ—ŠÁ¡¸¥ŠµŠÇ Ášnµœ´Êœ ­µ¤µ¦™ÄoÁ¨È®¦º° °ŠÂ Ȋ ¼—Á°µ°°„Å—o Ĝ ž{‹‹»´œ‹³¡Å—oĜ„¦³­»œžgœµŠ¥¸É®o°µŠ œµ— Ánœ œµ— .22 Short, .22 Long Rifle, .38 Special, .357 Magnum ¨³ .44 Magnum Áž}œ˜oœ ª´˜™»ž¦³­Š‡r„ÈÁ¡ºÉ°žj°Š„´œÅ¤nÄ®o˜³„´Éª¨³¨µ¥˜·— ¨Îµ„¨o°Šžgœ® ¨³¥´ŠšÎµÄ o¨—¼­ª¥Šµ¤œnµÄo„ªnµ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸ÉšÎµ—oª¥˜³„´Éª›¦¦¤—µ°¸„—oª¥ Á¦¸¥„ªnµ Lubaloid 48

¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ¤¸ºÉ°Á¦¸¥„˜„˜nµŠ„´œ¤µ„¤µ¥š´ÊŠœ¸Ê ¹Êœ°¥¼n„´¦¼ž¦nµŠ¨´„¬–³ °Š¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœœ´Êœ Ç ˜´ª°¥nµŠÁnœ Lead Bullet ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœÂœ¸Ê¤¸Á¡¸¥ŠÅ¤n„¸ÉÁnœ Round Nose (RN) Áž}œ¨¼„„¦³­»œ›¦¦¤—µš´ÉªÇ ޞ¨µ¥¤œ Semi – Wad Cutter (SWC) Áž}œ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸É¤¸­nªœž¨µ¥ š¸É¡oœž¨°„„¦³­»œ°°„¤µ¤¸ œµ—Á¨È„„ªnµ­nªœÄ®nš¸É°¥¼nĜž¨°„„¦³­»œ ¨³­nªœž¨µ¥˜´—˜¦ŠÅ¤n ¤œ Wad Cutter (WC) Áž}œ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸É­nªœž¨µ¥­´ÊœÁ­¤° žµ„ž¨°„„¦³­»œžgœÂ¨³ž¨µ¥˜´—˜¦Š Hollow Point (HP) Áž}œ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ¤¸¨´„¬–³‡¨oµ¥„´  Round Nose ˜nš¸É­nªœž¨µ¥­»—‹»¤¸¦¼Á‹µ³¨¹„¨ŠÅž ¡Å—oŠnµ¥Äœ„¦³­»œžgœ¨¼„„¦— œµ— .22 short, .22 Long Rifle 2. Jacketed Bullet ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœÂœ¸Ê¤¸¨´„¬–³„µ¦®»o¤ °Š Jacket œ Core ®¨µ¥  ˜n¨³ÂŸ¨·˜ ¹ÊœÁ¡ºÉ°‡ªµ¤¤»nŠ®¤µ¥Äœ„µ¦šÎµ¨µ¥Ážjµ®¤µ¥Ä®oŗoŸ¨—¸š¸É­»— Ĝš¸Éœ¸Ê ° ¥„˜´ª°¥nµŠÁž}œµŠÂ Ánœ 1. Full Metal Jacket (FMJ) Áž}œ„¦³­»œžgœš¸É¤¸ Jacke ®»o¤š´ÊŠ®¤— ž¨µ¥¤œµŠš¸Á¦¸¥„ªnµ Metal Case Bullet 2. Jacketed Hollow Poing (JHP) Áž}œ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸É¤¸ Jacket ®»o¤ ˜n­nªœž¨µ¥¤¸¦¼Á‹µ³Á oµÅžÄœÁœºÊ° °Š Core ¨¹„¡°‡ª¦ 3. Jacketed Solf Point (JHP) Áž}œ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸É¤¸ Jacket ®»o¤ Á„º°®¤—š´ÊŠ¨¼„Áªoœ˜°œž¨µ¥­»—Áž}œ˜³„´ÉªÅ¤n¤¸¦¼ 4. Pointed Áž}œ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸É¤¸ Jacket ®»o¤®¤— ¨³ž¨µ¥Â®¨¤ 5. Metal Piercing (MP) ®¦º° Armour Piercing (AP) Áž}œ¨¼„ „¦³­»œžgœš¸Éčo¥·ŠÁ‹µ³Á„¦µ³  MP Áž}œ„¦³­»œžgœÁ¨È„Ánœžgœ¡„š´ÉªÇ Ş­nªœž¨µ¥ °Š¨¼„ „¦³­»œžgœ‹³Â®¨¤ Jacket š¸É®»o¤­nªœž¨µ¥œ¸Ê‹³¤¸‡ªµ¤®œµ„ªnµ­nªœ°ºÉœÇ ž¦³Ã¥œrœ¸Ê‹³¤¸‡ªµ¤ ®œµ„ªnµ­nªœ°ºÉœÇ ž¦³Ã¥œrčo¥·Šš³¨»Á„¦µ³°n°œ®¦º°š¸ÉÁ¦¸¥„ªnµÁ­ºÊ°Á„¦µ³Â¨³ÂŸnœª´˜™»®¦º°Ã¨®³ š¸É¤¸‡ªµ¤®œµÅ¤n¤µ„œ´„ ­Îµ®¦´Â AP Áž}œ„¦³­»œžgœš¸Éčo„´žgœšµŠ„µ¦š®µ¦ ­nªœž¨µ¥ °Š¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ‹³Â®¨¤ Jacket Áž}œš°ŠÂ—Š®¦º°Á®¨È„»š°ŠÂ—Š­nªœ Core ‹³šÎµ 49

—oª¥ Tungsten Carbine Ž¹ÉŠ¤¸‡ªµ¤Â Ȋ¤µ„­µ¤µ¦™Á‹µ³š³¨»Á„¦µ³Á®¨È„Å—oª´˜™»ž¦³­Š‡rÁ¡ºÉ°Äo¥·Š š³¨»¥µœ¥œ˜r®»o¤Á„¦µ³ °Šš®µ¦®¦º°¥·Šš³¨»ÂŸnœª´˜™»®¦º°Ã¨®³š¸É¤¸‡ªµ¤®œµ¤µ„Ç ŗo

­nªœ„oœ °Š¨„„¦³­¼ »œžgœÂ Jacketed Bullet ¤¸ 2  ‡º° 1. Flat Base œ¸Ê„oœ¨¼„„¦³­»œžœ‹³Á¦g ¸¥Á­¤°„œÂ¨³—´ oµœ oµŠ¨¼„„¦³­»œ žgœ„Ș¦ª‹˜¨°—Á­¤°„´œ 2. Boat Tail œ¸Ê„oœ¨¼„„¦³­»œžœ‹³Á¦g ¥Á­¤°„¸ ´œÁnœ„´œ ˜n—oµœ oµŠ ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ˜°œÄ„¨o„´œ‹³­°Á oµ®µ„œÁ¨´ Ȅœo°¥ ‡º°­nªœ„oœ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ‹³Á¨È„„ªnµ˜°œ„¨µŠ °Š¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ

­nªœ„oœš¸ÉÁ¨È„¨Š °Š¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœÂ Boat Tail ¤¸ž¦³Ã¥œrĜ„µ¦¨— Air drag ‡º°¨—„µ¦Á­¸¥—­¸ °Š°µ„µ«„´¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ Á¤ºÉ°Äo¥·Š°°„Åž šÎµÄ®o¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœÂ Boat tail ­µ¤µ¦™¥·ŠÅžÅ—oń¨„ªnµ ¨³¤¸ª·™¸„¦³­»œžgœ œ¦µ—¸„ªnµ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœÂ Flat Base ĜÁ¤ºÉ°¤¸‡ªµ¤Á¦Èª˜oœÁšnµ„´œ ¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœš¸É¤¸‡ªµ¤Á¦Èª˜oœ˜´ÊŠÂ˜n 2,000 ¢»˜˜n°ª·œµš¸ ¹ÊœÅž ‹³˜o°ŠÁž}œÂ Jacked Bullet Á¡¦µ³™oµÁž}œÂ Lead Bullet ‹³šÎµÄ®o­nªœ„oœ ¨³Ÿ·ª—oµœ oµŠ °Š¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœ ¨³¨µ¥Å—ošÎµÄ®o¤¸˜³„´Éª˜·—‡oµŠ°¥¼n£µ¥Äœ¨Îµ„¨o°Šžgœ °´œšÎµÄ®oÁ„·—Ÿ¨Á­¸¥˜n°‡ªµ¤Â¤nœ¥Îµ °Šžgœœ´Êœ

£µ¡š¸É 31 ­—ŠÄ®oÁ®ÈœÃ‡¦Š­¦oµŠÂ¨³¨´„¬–³ °Š¨¼„„¦³­»œžgœÂ˜nµŠÇ š¸É¤µ : °´¤¡¦ ‹µ¦»‹·œ—µ. (2542). “‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂ¨³„¦³­»œžgœ­Îµ®¦´Ÿ¼oÁ oµ °¦¤.” Á°„­µ¦ f„°¦¤„°Š¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ) 50

°µª»›žgœ­¤´¥Ä®¤n ®¨´Š‹µ„š¸É¤¸„µ¦ž¦³—·¬“r„¦³­»œžgœÂ Rim Fire ¨³ Fire ¹Êœ¤µ °µª»›žgœ Â¨³ œµ—˜nµŠÇ „´œ „È™¼„¡´•œµ ¹Êœ¤µ„¤µ¥ °µª»›žgœš¸É¤¸ž¦³­·š›·£µ¡­¼ŠÁnœžgœ„¨˜nµŠÇ ŗo¦´„µ¦¡´•œµ°¥nµŠ¦ª—Á¦ÈªÁ¤ºÉ°Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥„´nªŠ˜oœÇ šÎµÄ®o„µ¦Â¥„Â¥³‹´—®¤ª—®¤¼n°µª»›žgœ „¦³šÎµÅ—o¥µ„ Ĝš¸Éœ¸Ê‹³‹ÎµÂœ„°°„Áž}œ žgœ­´Éœ ¨³žgœ¥µª ×¥‹³Â¥„¥n°¥¨ŠÅž™¹Š¦³„µ¦ šÎµŠµœ °Š°µª»›žgœ —´Šœ¸Ê

Firearms (°µª»›žgœ) Handgun (žgœ­´Êœ) Rifle, Carbine (žgœ¥µª)

Machine Pistol, Machine Gun, Sub- Machine Gun, Assault Rifle (žgœ¡„„¨, žgœ„¨, žgœ„¨¤º°, žgœÅ¦Á¢d¨°´˜Ãœ¤´˜·)

Ÿœ£µ¡š¸É 1 ­—Šž¦³Á£š°µª»›žgœ š¸É¤µ : °´¤¡¦ ‹µ¦»‹·œ—µ. (2542). “‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂ¨³„¦³­»œžgœ­Îµ®¦´Ÿ¼oÁ oµ °¦¤.” Á°„­µ¦ f„°¦¤„°Š¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ)

51

1 Handgun

Miscellaneous Single Shot Pistol. Revolver Semi Automatic (Single or Mutiple Pistol. Handgun Barrel) Breech Loader

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2 Ek = mv

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¨Îµ—´„µ¦¥·Š ž¦·¤µ–œÊε (ml.) ‡ªµ¤¨¹„ (cm.) 1 70 11.356 2 71 11.856 3 70 11.637 4 68 11.297 5 72 11.526 6 71 11.854 7 74 11.983 8 76 12.016 9 71 11.285 10 78 12.211 11 70 11.782 12 70 11.385 13 65 11.081 14 68 11.218 15 75 11.442 16 73 11.742 17 67 11.225 18 72 11.832 19 69 11.118 20 70 11.134

68

˜µ¦µŠš¸É 2 ­—Šž¦·¤µ–œÊ娳‡ªµ¤¨¹„ °ŠÃ¡¦Š„¦³­»œžgœ ץčožgœ¥µª¨¼„„¦— œµ— .22 ¥¸É®o° CZ 452 ZKM ¨Îµ„¨o°Š¥µª 24 œ·Êª ‹ÎµœªœÁ„¨¸¥ª 12 Á„¨¸¥ª

¨Îµ—´„µ¦¥·Š ž¦·¤µ–œÊε (ml.) ‡ªµ¤¨¹„ (cm.) 1 51 11.506 2 71 11.704 3 73 11.751 4 72 11.733 5 70 11.677 6 75 12.738 7 74 11.573 8 72 11.481 9 70 11.846 10 78 12.451 11 79 12.558 12 71 11.449 13 77 12.395 14 68 11.928 15 75 12.086 16 70 11.762 17 74 12.014 18 66 11.183 19 74 11.671 20 75 11.737

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˜µ¦µŠš¸É 3 „µ¦Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥ž¦·¤µ–œÊε (ml.) š¸É˜ªŠÅ—o‹µ„ᦊ„¦³­œž» gœ ×¥„µ¦¥·Šžgœ­°Šœ·—

œ·— °Šžgœ ‡nµÁŒ¨¸É¥ S.D. t-test Sig 6 Á„¨¸¥ª 71.00 3.112 0.505 0.617 12 Á„¨¸¥ª 71.75 5.875

‹µ„˜µ¦µŠš¸É 3 ¡ªnµ ž¦·¤µ–œÊεÁŒ¨¸É¥š¸É˜ªŠÅ—o‹µ„„µ¦¥·Šžgœ 6 Á„¨¸¥ª‡º° 71.00 ml. ­nªœ ž¦·¤µ–œÊεÁŒ¨¸É¥š¸Éŗo‹µ„„µ¦¥·Šžgœ 12 Á„¨¸¥ª‡º° 71.75 ml. Á¤ºÉ°š—­°Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥‡nµÁŒ¨¸É¥ °Šž¦·¤µ–œÊεš¸É˜ªŠÅ—o×¥„µ¦¥·Šžgœš´ÊŠ 2 œ·— ¡ªnµ Ťn˜„˜nµŠ„´œ š¸É¦³—´œ´¥­Îµ‡´ 0.05 ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„ ‡nµ sig ¤¸‡nµ 0.617 ¤¸‡nµ¤µ„„ªnµ 0.05

˜µ¦µŠš¸É 4 „µ¦Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥‡ªµ¤¨¹„ (cm.) š¸Éª´—Å—o‹µ„ᦊ„¦³­»œžgœ ×¥„µ¦¥·Šžgœ­°Šœ·—

œ·— °Šžgœ ‡nµÁŒ¨¸É¥ S.D. t-test Sig 6 Á„¨¸¥ª 11.549 0.341 2.649 0.012* 12 Á„¨¸¥ª 11.862 0.404 * ˜„˜nµŠ°¥nµŠ¤¸œ´¥­Îµ‡´š¸É 0.05

‹µ„˜µ¦µŠš¸É 4 ¡ªnµ ‡ªµ¤¨¹„ÁŒ¨¸É¥š¸Éŗo‹µ„„µ¦¥·Šžgœ 6 Á„¨¸¥ª¤¸‡nµ 11.549 cm. ­nªœ ‡ªµ¤¨¹„ÁŒ¨¸É¥š¸Éŗo‹µ„„µ¦¥·Šžgœ 12 Á„¨¸¥ª¤¸‡nµ 11.862 cm. Á¤ºÉ°š—­°Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥‡nµÁŒ¨¸É¥ °Š‡ªµ¤¨¹„š¸Éŗo‹µ„„µ¦¥·Šžgœš´ÊŠ 2 œ·— ¡ªnµ¤¸‡ªµ¤ ˜„˜nµŠ„´œš¸É¦³—´œ´¥­Îµ‡´š¸É¦³—´ 0.05 ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„ ‡nµ sig ¤¸‡nµ 0.012 ¤¸‡nµœo°¥„ªnµ 0.05 ×¥š¸É ‡ªµ¤¨¹„š¸Éŗo‹µ„„µ¦¥·Šžgœ 12 Á„¨¸¥ª‹³¤µ„„ªnµ‡ªµ¤¨¹„š¸Éŗo‹µ„„µ¦¥·Šžgœ 6 Á„¨¸¥ª

šš¸É 5 ­¦»ž °£·ž¦µ¥Ÿ¨ ¨³ o°Á­œ°Âœ³

„µ¦«¹„¬µÁ¦ºÉ°Š„µ¦Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥‡ªµ¤¦»œÂ¦Š °Š„¦³­»œžgœ ¦³®ªnµŠžgœœ·—Á„¨¸¥ª ¨Îµ„¨o°Š 6 Á„¨¸¥ª„´ 12 Á„¨¸¥ª ¤¸ª´˜™»ž¦³­Š‡rÁ¡ºÉ°Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥‡ªµ¤¦»œÂ¦Š °Š„¦³­»œžgœ ‹µ„žgœ ¥µª¨¼„„¦— œµ— .22 ¥¸É®o° CZ 452 ZKM ¨Îµ„¨o°Š¥µª 24 œ·Êª œ·—Á„¨¸¥ª¨Îµ„¨o°Š 6 Á„¨¸¥ª„´ 12 Á„¨¸¥ª —oª¥„¦³­»œžgœœ·—Á—¸¥ª„´œÄœ¦³¥³¥·Š 20 Á¤˜¦ Ĝ„µ¦«¹„¬µ‡¦´ÊŠœ¸ÊŸ¼oª·‹´¥Å—ošÎµ„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®rÁž¦¸¥Áš¸¥ œµ—‡ªµ¤¨¹„ °ŠÃ¡¦Š„¦³­»œ žgœ ¨³ž¦·¤µ–œÊεš¸É˜ªŠÅ—o‹µ„ᦊ„¦³­»œžgœ ‹µ„œ´ÊœœÎµ o°¤¼¨š¸Éŗo¤µÂž¦Ÿ¨šµŠ­™·˜· Ž¹ÉŠÄo ަ„¦¤­ÎµÁ¦È‹¦¼žšµŠ­´Š‡¤«µ­˜¦r ×¥„ε®œ—¦³—´œ´¥­Îµ‡´šµŠ­™·˜·š¸É 0.05

­¦»žŸ¨„µ¦ª·‹´¥ ‹µ„„µ¦«¹„¬µÂ¨³ª·Á‡¦µ³®r o°¤¼¨„µ¦ª·‹´¥­µ¤µ¦™­¦»žŸ¨Å—o—´Šœ¸Ê „µ¦Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥ž¦·¤µ–œÊε (ml.) š¸É˜ªŠÅ—o‹µ„ᦊ„¦³­»œžgœ ×¥„µ¦¥·Šžgœ­°Šœ·— ¡ªnµž¦·¤µ–œÊεÁŒ¨¸É¥š¸É˜ªŠÅ—o‹µ„„µ¦¥·Šžgœ 6 Á„¨¸¥ª‡º° 71.00 ml. ­nªœž¦·¤µ–œÊεÁŒ¨¸É¥š¸Éŗo‹µ„ „µ¦¥·Šžgœ 12 Á„¨¸¥ª‡º° 71.75 ml. „µ¦Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥‡ªµ¤¨¹„ (cm.) š¸Éª´—Å—o‹µ„ᦊ„¦³­»œžgœ ×¥„µ¦¥·Šžgœ­°Šœ·— ¡ªnµ‡ªµ¤¨¹„ÁŒ¨¸É¥š¸Éŗo‹µ„„µ¦¥·Šžgœ 6 Á„¨¸¥ª¤¸‡nµ 11.549 cm. ­nªœ‡ªµ¤¨¹„ÁŒ¨¸É¥š¸Éŗo‹µ„„µ¦¥·Š žgœ 12 Á„¨¸¥ª¤¸‡nµ 11.862 cm. ‹µ„„µ¦š—­°Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥‡nµÁŒ¨¸É¥‡ªµ¤¦»œÂ¦Š °Š„¦³­»œžgœ ‹µ„žgœœ·—Á„¨¸¥ª ¨Îµ„¨o°Š 6 Á„¨¸¥ª„´ 12 Á„¨¸¥ªÃ—¥ª·›¸„µ¦ t-test ¡ªnµ ž¦·¤µ–œÊεš¸É˜ªŠÅ—o‹µ„ᦊ„¦³­»œžgœ ×¥„µ¦¥·Šžgœš´ÊŠ­°Šœ·—Ťn˜„˜nµŠ„´œ ˜n¦³—´‡ªµ¤¨¹„ °ŠÃ¡¦Š„¦³­»œžgœš¸ÉÁ„·—‹µ„„µ¦¥·Šžgœ š´ÊŠ­°Šœ·—¤¸‡ªµ¤Â˜„˜nµŠ„´œš¸É¦³—´œ´¥­Îµ‡´ 0.05

„µ¦°£·ž¦µ¥Ÿ¨ ‹µ„„µ¦ª·Á‡¦µ³®r o°¤¼¨Á¡ºÉ°˜¦ª‹­°­¤¤˜·“µœ„µ¦ª·‹´¥‡¦´ÊŠœ¸Ê¡ªnµ ‡ªµ¤¦»œÂ¦Š °Š „¦³­»œžgœ ‹µ„žgœœ·—Á„¨¸¥ª¨Îµ„¨o°Š 6 Á„¨¸¥ª ˜„˜nµŠ„´žgœœ·—Á„¨¸¥ª¨Îµ„¨o°Š 12 Á„¨¸¥ªÄœ ­nªœ‡ªµ¤¨¹„ °ŠÃ¡¦Š„¦³­»œ °µ‹¤¸Á®˜»Ÿ¨—´Š˜n°Åžœ¸Ê

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ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„„µ¦¥·Šžgœ­nŠŸ¨Ä®o¤¸„µ¦Á‡¨ºÉ°œš¸É °Š„¦³­»œžgœ ˜µ¤®¨´„„µ¦šµŠ¢d­·„­ršÎµ Ä®oÁ„·—¡¨´ŠŠµœ‹¨œr ×¥„µ¦Á‡¨ºÉ°œš¸ÉÁž¨¸É¥œ‹»—«¼œ¥r„¨µŠ¤ª¨ °Š„¦³­»œ‹³šÎµÄ®oÁ„·—¡¨´ŠŠµœ‹¨œr ˜µ¤­¼˜¦

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Œ´˜¦´¥ ª·Á«¬­»ª¦¦–£¼¤·. (2545). “Ÿnµžgœ.” Á—¨·œ·ª­r, (16 „´œ¥µ¥œ): 15. »¤«´„—·Í ¡§„¬µ¡Š¬r. (2550). “­»—¥°—®nŠ„µ¦Äo°µª»›žgœ.” Á—¨·œ·ª­r, (18 ¤¸œµ‡¤): 13. ¼µ˜· ͇­™µ¡¦ ¨³‡–³. (2530). “„¦–¸«¹„¬µ¦°¥Â˜„ °Š„¦³‹„š¸ÉÁ„·—‹µ„„¦³­»œžgœ.” ¦µ¥Šµœ„µ¦ª·‹´¥‡–³ª·š¥µ«µ­˜¦r ¤®µª·š¥µ¨´¥¤®·—¨. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ) —·Á¦„ ›œµœœšrœ·ªµ­. (2546). “„µ¦˜¦ª‹­™µœš¸ÉÁ„·—Á®˜»Â¨³¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ.” ¦µ¥Šµœ„µ¦ f„°¦¤„µ¦ÄoÁ‡¦ºÉ°Š¤º°ª·š¥µ«µ­˜¦r °Š¦·¬´š KS. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ) Ś¡¸«¦¸œ·ª´˜· £´„—¸„»¨. (2545). ®¨´„„µ¦­º­ªœ­°­ªœÂ¨³„µ¦¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœšµŠœ·˜·ª·š¥µ «µ­˜¦r. Á¸¥ŠÄ®¤n: ‡–³­´Š‡¤«µ­˜¦r ¤®µª·š¥µ¨´¥Á¸¥ŠÄ®¤n. ¡Š«„¦–r ¼Áª. (2531). „µ¦˜¦ª‹¡·­¼‹œr °µª»›žgœÁ‡¦ºÉ°Š„¦³­»œÄœ„µ¦¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ. ¡·¤¡r‡¦´ÊŠ š¸É 2. „¦»ŠÁš¡¤®µœ‡¦: ­Îµœ´„¡·¤¡rœ·˜·¦¦–µ„µ¦. “¡¦³¦µ´´˜·°µª»›žgœ Á‡¦ºÉ°Š„¦³­»œžgœ ª´˜™»¦³Á·— —°„ŤoÁ¡¨·Š ¨³­·ÉŠÁš¸¥¤°µª»›žgœ (Œ´š¸É 3) ¡.«. 2501.” (2501). ¦µ„·‹‹µœ»Á„¬µ Á¨n¤š¸É 75, ˜°œš¸É 72 (16 „´œ¥µ¥œ 2501): 449-457. ª·Ã¦‹œr Ū¥ª»•·. “œ·˜·Áª«µ­˜¦r „µ¦¡·­¼‹œr¡¥µœ®¨´„“µœ.” £µ‡ª·µœ·˜·Áª«µ­˜¦r ‡–³ ¡š¥«µ­˜¦r«·¦·¦µ¡¥µµ¨ ¤®µª·š¥µ¨´¥¤®·—¨. ¤.ž.ž. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ)

­¤ž¦³­Š‡r ž¦µ¦™œµ—¸. (2519). œ·˜·ª·š¥µ«µ­˜¦rªnµ—oª¥„µ¦¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ. ¡·¤¡r‡¦´ÊŠš¸É 2. „¦»ŠÁš¡²: 抡·¤¡r„µ¦«µ­œµ. °¦¦™¡¨ n¤­»ª¦¦–ªŠ«r ¨³‡–³. (2546). œ·˜·ª·š¥µ«µ­˜¦r 2 Á¡ºÉ°„µ¦­º­ªœ­°­ªœ ( Forensic Science 2 for Crime Investigation ). ¡·¤¡r‡¦´ÊŠš¸É 4. „¦»ŠÁš¡²: ¦·¬´š š¸Ž¸‹¸ ¡¦·Êœ˜·ÊŠ ‹Îµ„´—. °´¤¡¦ ‹µ¦»‹·œ—µ. (2542). “„µ¦˜¦ª‹¡·­¼‹œr°µª»›žgœÂ¨³Á‡¦ºÉ°Š„¦³­»œžgœ.” Á°„­µ¦ ÁŸ¥Â¡¦n‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂ¨³„¦³­»œžgœ­Îµ®¦´Ÿ¼oÁ oµ°¦¤ „°Š¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ ­Îµœ´„Šµœª·š¥µ„µ¦˜Îµ¦ª‹. (°´—­ÎµÁœµ) °´¤¡¦ ‹µ¦»‹·œ—µ. (2542). “‡ªµ¤¦¼oš´ÉªÅžÁ„¸É¥ª„´°µª»›žgœÂ¨³„¦³­»œžgœ.” Á°„­µ¦ f„°¦¤„°Š¡·­¼‹œr®¨´„“µœ. ( °´—­ÎµÁœµ )

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Capannesi, G., and A.F. Sedda. (1992). “Bullet Identification : A Case of Fatal Hunting AccidentResolved by Comparison of Lead Shot Using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis.” Journal of Forensic Science 37 (March): 657-662. Goleb, A.J., and C.R. Midkiff, Jr. (1975). “Firearms Discharge Residue : Sample Collection Tech-niques.” Journal of Forensic Science 20 (October): 701-707. Guinn, V.P. (1979). “JFK Assassination : Bullet Analysis.” Analysis Chemistry 51 (March): 484A-493A. Kilty, J.W. (1975). “Activity after Shooting and Its Ef ect on the Retention of Primer Residue.” Journal of Forensic Science 20 (April 1975): 219-230. Lyman, Michael D. (1993). Criminal Investigation. Englewood Cliffs: Regens/Prentice Hall. Supica, Jim. (2006). Guns Introduction. 2nd ed. Surrey: TAJ Books. Warlow, Tom. (2005). Firearms, The Law, and Forensic Ballistics : International Forensic Scienceand Investigation Series. 2nd ed. Florida: CRC Press LLC.

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