Promoting your research through : opportunities and challenges

Alessandro Sarretta CNR-ISMAR [email protected] @alesarrett

Workshop for young ceramists: Promoting your research results November 26-27, 2018 Area della Ricerca del CNR, Bologna Image source Workshop for young ceramists: Promoting your research results

Workshop for young ceramists: Promoting your research results

Young

no-more-young not-yet-so-old

Workshop for young ceramists: Promoting your research results

Ceramist

environmental science, geospatial information science, coastal and marine domain

Workshop for young ceramists: Promoting your research results

Resarcher

yes… at least this one!

Workshop for young ceramists: Promoting your research results

So, Why I’m here?

OpenOpen SourceSource SoftwareSoftware

OpenOpen ScienceScience

OpenOpen DataData OpenOpen AccessAccess

What Open Science is?

Background Image source Do we have a common vocabulary?

● Different perspectives ● Different definitions ● Different scopes ● Different actions to reach it

Open

Open definition (https://opendefinition.org/):

“Open means anyone can freely access, use, modify, and share for any purpose (subject, at most, to requirements that preserve provenance and ).”

● Gold: Published in an open-access journal that is indexed by the DOAJ. ● Green: Toll-access on the publisher page, but there is a free copy in an OA repository. ● Hybrid: Free under an open license in a toll-access journal. ● Bronze: Free to read on the publisher page, but without a clearly identifiable license. ● Closed: All other articles, including those shared only on an ASN or in Sci-Hub.

Piwowar H. et al. The state of OA: a large-scale analysis of the prevalence and impact of Open Access articles. PeerJ. 2018;6: e4375. doi:10.7717/peerj.4375 FAIR

● Findable ● Accessible ● Interoperable ● Reusable

https://www.slideshare.net/PhoenixBio/how-to-make-your- published-data-findable-accessible-interoperable-and-reus able CC-BY

Creative Commons Attribution license: https://creativecommons.org/li censes/by/4.0/ PID and DOI

● A persistent identifier is a long-lasting reference to a digital resource. Typically it has two components: a unique identifier; and a service that locates the resource over time even when it's location changes. ● In computing, a Digital Object Identifier or DOI is a persistent identifier or handle used to uniquely identify objects, standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). APC

Article Processing Charge

An article processing charge (APC), also known as a publication fee, is a fee which is sometimes charged to authors to make a work available open access in either an open access journal or hybrid journal. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_processing_charge Science products

● Article – pre-print – post-print – Final ● Dataset ● Software Publishing the full science workflow

RIO journal (https://riojournal.com/) ● PhD Projects ● PhD Thesis

● Research Ideas ● PostDoc Projects ● Research Proposals ● Project Reports (including milestones and ● Research Articles deliverables; especially final reports) ● Review Articles ● Methods ● Commentaries ● Policy and Communication Briefs ● Data Papers (Spreadsheets, Sound Recordings, ● Reports Videos, Imaging Scans, Photos, any data format) ● Replication studies ● Software Descriptions ● Wikipedia articles ● Workflows ● ● Registered Experimental Designs Case Studies ● Data Management Plans ● Biographies ● Software Management Plans ● Book Reviews ● Grant Proposals ● Editorials ● Conference Abstracts ● Correspondences ● Research Presentations ● Corrigenda ● Research Posters ● we are expanding this list on an ongoing ● Single-media Publications basis - get in touch if you have suggestions. Why Open Science

if it ain't broke don't fix it are you sure it ain’t broke?

thethe oppositeopposite ofof OpenOpen isis brokenbroken (John()Wilbanks)

Jon Tennant. https://aeon.co/ideas/scholarly-publishing-is Julia Belluz. -broken-heres-how-to-fix-it https://www.vox.com/2015/6/27/8854105/ new-science-guidelines

Julia Belluz and Steven Hoffman https://www.vox.com/2015/5/13/8591837/how-science-is-broken Why science is broken?

● Accessibility ● Reproducibility Buck,Stuart. Solving reproducibility Science 26 Jun 2015: Vol. 348, Issue 6242, pp. 1403 DOI: 10.1126/science.aac804 ● Transparency ● Competition ● Publish or perish ● “incentives should be changed so that scholars are rewarded for publishing well rather than often” Alberts, Bruce. Self-correction in science at work Science 26 Jun 2015: Vol. 348, Issue 6242, pp. 1420-1422 DOI: 10.1126/science.aab3847

Many don’t have access to information they need

Image: John R. McKiernan

SciHub https://sci-hub.ac/

Open Access Button unpaywall https://openaccessbutton.org/ http://unpaywall.org/

Reproducibility

● access to (meta)data – Raw and processed – Who, where, when, why, how ● access to tools/procedures: – riproducibility of analyses John R. McKiernan, Why – re-analisy of data using different methods whyopenresearch.org, CC BY – Re-creation of figures with updated data ● contribute to the project with new tools and analyses

Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines

cos.io/top The state of Open Access

Number of articles (A) and proportion of articles (B) with OA copies, estimated based on a random sample of 100,000 articles with Crossref DOIs. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4375/fig-2 Open Access “in Materials science”

Journal Main page Publisher IF OA APC Embargo Journal of the European Ceramic Society https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-the-european-ceramic-society/ Elsevier 3.794 Hybrid $3,500 24 Ceramics International https://www.journals.elsevier.com/ceramics-international/ Elsevier 3.057 Hybrid $2,950 24 Journal of the American Ceramic Society https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15512916 Wiley 2.956 Hybrid $3,000 12 Journal of Alloys and Compounds https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-alloys-and-compounds/ Elsevier 3.779 Hybrid $3,200 24 Materials & Design https://www.journals.elsevier.com/materials-and-design/ Elsevier 4.525 Gold $2,000 - Materials Today Bio https://www.journals.elsevier.com/materials-today-bio Elsevier - Gold $3,300 - Materials Today Advances https://www.journals.elsevier.com/materials-today-advances Elsevier - Gold $3,000 - Materials https://www.mdpi.com/journal/materials MDPI 2.467 Gold 1800CHF - Biomaterials https://www.journals.elsevier.com/biomaterials/ Elsevier 8.806 Hybrid $3,700 24 Small https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/16136829 Wiley 9.590 Hybrid $5,000 12 Journal of Materials Science https://link.springer.com/journal/10853 Spriger 2.993 Hybrid $3,000 ? Scientific Reports https://www.nature.com/srep/ Nature 4.122 Gold $1,790 - Carbon https://www.journals.elsevier.com/carbon/ Elsevier 7.082 Hybrid $3,700 24 Acta Materialia https://www.journals.elsevier.com/acta-materialia/ Elsevier 6.036 Hybrid $3,000 24 Acta Biomaterialia https://www.journals.elsevier.com/acta-biomaterialia/ Elsevier 6.383 Hybrid $3,000 24 Materials Today https://www.journals.elsevier.com/materials-today/ Elsevier 24.537 Hybrid $3,300 24 Nature Materials https://www.nature.com/nmat/ Nature 39.235 Subscription Journal of Alloys and Compounds https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-alloys-and-compounds/ Elsevier 3.779 Hybrid $3,200 24 Advanced Functional Materials https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/16163028 Wiley 13.325 Hybrid $5,000 12 Advanced Materials https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15214095 Wiley 21.950 Hybrid $5,000 12 Journal of Materials Chemistry A http://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/about-journals/journal-of-materials-chemistry-a/ Royal Society of Chemistry 9.931 Hybrid 2500£ 12 Solid State Ionics https://www.journals.elsevier.com/solid-state-ionics/ Elsevier 2.751 Hybrid $2,200 24 Journal of Electroceramics https://link.springer.com/journal/10832 Spriger 1.238 Hybrid $3,000 ? Science and Technology of Advanced Materihttps://www.tandfonline.com/toc/tsta20/current Taylor and Francis 4.787 Gold $1,200 - Journal of Advanced Ceramics https://link.springer.com/journal/40145 Spriger 1.605 Gold ?

Who’s pushing towards Open Science?

European Commission

Horizon Europe and Open Science

● Open access to all scientific publications will continue to be mandatory, with beneficiaries and/or authors retaining sufficient intellectual property rights to ensure compliance. ● Early sharing of publications (pre-prints) will be encouraged. ● Article Processing Charges will be eligible for purely open access publishing routes (i.e. not in ‘hybrid’ journals).

Funders - PlanS https://www.coalition-s.org

EOSC https://www.eosc-portal.eu/

What’s in it for me?

Challenges and fears in Open Science (for ECRs)

● Information ● Training ● Reward ● Evaluation ● Support ● Trust ● Money ● Scooping ● Fraud ● ...

What ECRs need?

● Training ● Raise awareness ● Share information ● Encourage debate and develop policies

European Council of Doctoral Candidates and Junior Researchers (Eurodoc) Open Science Working Group: http://eurodoc.net/wg/o pen-science-wg Key issues for ECRs on Open Science

● Researchers are generally unaware of what Open Science is and how to do it. ● Most have not followed training courses on Open Science or used Data Management Plans or metadata in their research. ● Most are also not being adequately supported at their institutions, with researchers saying that there are no institutional/funding guidelines as well as no general/specialist support for Open Science. ● Institutions have not implemented a clear Open Science policy

O'Neill, Gareth; Hnátková, Eva. Open science for early-career researchers. Impact, Volume 2018, Number 6, August 2018, pp. 64-65(2). Publisher: Science Impact Ltd. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2018.6.64 Benefits of Open Science (for ECRs)

● Efficiency ● Quality and integrity ● Economic benefits ● Innovation and knowledge transfer ● Public disclosure and engagement ● Global benefits

Open practices bring significant benefits to researchers.

McKiernan, E. et al. (2016). How open science helps researchers succeed. ELife, 5(JULY), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16800 Open access articles get more citations

Average relative citations of different access types of a random sample of WoS articles and reviews with a DOI published between 2009 and 2015. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4375/fig-5

McKiernan, E. et al. (2016). How open science helps researchers succeed. ELife, 5(JULY), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16800

Gain more citations and visibility by sharing data Citation density for papers with and without publicly available microarray data, by year of study publication. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.175/fig-1

Open publications get more media coverage

Wang X, Liu C, Mao W, Fang Z. The open access advantage considering citation, article usage and social media attention. Scientometrics. 2015;103: 555–564. doi:10.1007/s11192-015-1547-0

Prestige and journal impact factor

● the IFs of indexed OA journals are steadily approaching those of subscription journals

Björk B-C, Solomon D. Open access versus subscription journals: a comparison of scientific impact. BMC Medicine. 2012;10: 73. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-10-73 Anyway, about IF...

DORA (Declaration on Research Assessment): https://sfdora.org/

Cofactor Journal Selector Tool: allows authors to search for OA journals with an IF ( http://cofactorscience.com/journal-selector)

Seglen, P. O. Why the impact factor of journals should not be used for evaluating research. BMJ. 1997 Feb 15; 314(7079): 498–502. Rigorous and transparent

● Unfortunately, the myth that OA journals have poor or non-existent peer review persists ● open peer review may produce reviews of higher quality, including better substantiated claims and more constructive criticisms, compared to closed review Kowalczuk MK. Et al. A comparison of the quality of reviewer reports from author-suggested reviewers and editor- suggested reviewers in journals operating on open or closed peer review models. F1000Research. 2013;4. doi: 10.7490/f1000research.1094564.1

Retain author rights and control reuse with open licenses https://creativecommons.org/

Funding for open research, training, and advocacy

Increase in open access policies over last decade

open access policies registered in ROARMAP (roarmap.eprints.org) figure used with permission from Stevan Harnad

Collaboration

● Open practices can make it easier for researchers to connect with one another ● Increasing of the discoverability and visibility of one’s work ● Facilitating rapid access to novel data and software resources ● Creating new opportunities to interact with and contribute to ongoing communal projects

Promoting research: “alternative” paths

● Social media – Twitter ● Blogs ● Sharing platforms (slides, posters, figures) – Figshare – Zenodo – SlideShare: www.slideshare.net – SpeakerDeck: https://speakerdeck.com/ – Prezi https://www.prezi.com/ – reveal.js: https://revealjs.com – Research gate: https://www.researchgate.net/ Sharing presentations

● Why not ● Why yes – Competition (fear of – Staking a claim scooping) – Don’t reinvent the wheel – Lacking peer-review – Making new friends > – Preliminary data > possible collaborations preliminary conclusions – Science is never perfect… get over it – More engaging format

http://www.slide-talk.com/open-science-should-researchers-share-their-presentations-online/ Social media in science

● Efficient mechanism for high-yeld, relevant content – New articles, conferences, webinars ● Opportunities to promote engagement, feedback, collaboration ● Increase connections – in your research domain – outside your research domain – outside research ● Reach the general public and society

Where to find information about Open Science

Useful resources for Open Science

● FOSTER (Fostering the practical implementation of Open Science in Horizon 2020 and beyond): https://www.fosteropenscience.eu

Useful resources for Open Science

● OpenScienceMOOC: https://opensciencemooc. eu/ ● @OpenScienceMOOC

● Gateway for Open Science-related information, resources, discussion, community

Open Science MOOC

https://online-learning.tudelft.nl/courses/open-science-sharing-y our-research-with-the-world/

What and where to share

pre/post-print repositories

● aRxiv: https://arxiv.org/ ● Open Science Framewok preprints: https://osf.io/preprints/ ● MatSciRN (Materials Science Research Network: https://www.ssrn.com/en/inde x.cfm/matscirn/

● Zenodo (https://zenodo.org/) ● Figshare ( https://figshare.com/) Data paper

● A data paper describes a dataset, giving details of its collection, processing, software, and file formats, without the requirement of analyses or conclusions based on the data. ● Data descriptors: descriptions of research datasets, including the methods used to collect the data and technical analyses supporting the quality of the measurements. Data Descriptors focus on helping others reuse data, rather than Candela, L., Castelli, D., testing hypotheses, or presenting new Manghi, P. & Tani, A. Data interpretations, methods or in-depth journals: A survey. J Assn analyses Inf Sci Tec 66, 1747–1762 (2015). Data Journals

● Earth System Science Data (ESSD)

● Scientific Data (Nature)

● Data in brief (Elsevier)

● Biodiversity Data Journal Data repositories

● An online archive containing data usually associated with scientific works of scholars. ● It can be a general data repository or a discipline or subject repository

● Zenodo (https://zenodo.org/)

● Pangaea (https://www.pangaea.de/)

● Data Dryad (https://www.datadryad.org/)

● Figshare (https://figshare.com/)

● Registry of Research data Repositorries: https://www.re3data.org/ Software papers

Software Metapapers describing research software with high reuse potential. Full-length research papers that cover different aspects of creating, maintaining and evaluating research software.

Software Journals Journal of Open Research Software (https://openresearchsoftware.metajnl.com/)

PeerJ Computer Science (https://peerj.com/computer- science/) Rewards for Open Science

● journals can offer badges to acknowledge open practices such as , open materials, and preregistration

https://openresearchbadges.org/ Rewards for Open Science

https://casrai.org/credit/

Final article – closed access Pre-print – open access CC-BY Post-print – “free access” CC-BY-NC-ND What can I do right now to share my research?

● Post free copies of previously published articles in a public repository ● Deposit preprints of all manuscripts in publicly accessible repositories ● Publish in open access venues ● Publicly share data and materials via a trusted repository ● Preregister studies ● Share widely on the web

Openness is defined by a continuum of practices - there are so many ways to share your research. Other useful links

● DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals: https://doaj.org/ ● SHERPA services (http://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/): – SHERPA RoMEO: enables researchers and librarians to see publishers' conditions for open access archiving on a journal-by- journal basis: http://sherpa.ac.uk/romeo – SHERPA Juliet enables researchers and librarians to see funders' conditions for open access publication: http://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/juliet/ – OpenDOAR enables the identification, browsing and search for repositories: http://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/opendoar/

In his 2012 book Open Access, summed it up best:

“[OA] increases a work’s visibility, retrievability, audience, usage, and citations, which all convert to career building. For publishing scholars, it would be a bargain even if it were costly, difficult, and time-consuming. But...it’s not costly, not difficult, and not time-consuming.”

Suber P. 2012. Open Access. MIT Press. http://bit.ly/oa-book

Promoting your research through Open Science: opportunities and challenges

by Alessandro Sarretta

is available at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1542058

and licensed under a Attribuzione 4.0 International License