Public Hearing Report

PUBLIC HEARING REPORT

EXPANSION OF SUGARCANE CRUSHING CAPACITY FROM 2500 TCD TO 8000 TCD, ESTABLISHMENT OF 40 MW CO- GENERATION POWER PLANT AND 110 KLPD DISTILLERY TO PRODUCE 110 KLPD RECTIFIED SPIRIT/110 KLPD EXTRA NEUTRAL ALCOHOL/105 KLPDETHANOL BASED ON “C”/ “B” HEAVY MOLASSES/ SUGARCANE JUICE/SYRUP/GRAINS AT NAGEWADI, TALUKA. KHANAPUR, DISTRICT. SANGLI, MAHARASHTRA BY YASHWANT SUGAR AND POWER PRIVATE LIMITED

PROPOSAL FOR ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE Industry falls under 5(g) and 5(j) „A‟ Category as per the EIA Notification, 2006 and amendments thereof Area: 36.55Ha; Cost of the Expansion: Rs. 350 Cr. Standard Tors Granted: F. No.IA-J-11011/305/202-IA-II(I) and December-2020 (SEC/EIA/04/2020) Report Prepared By: DR. SUBBARAO‟S ENVIRONMENT CENTER

„Arundhati‟, Opp. Sahyognagar, MSEB Road,

Vishrambag, Sangli-416415 Phone: 0233-2301857, (M) 9372109522,9890992118 QCI-NABET Accredited EIA Consultant Organization Certificate No. NABET/EIA/1619/RA0057 NABL Quality Assurance Laboratory Accreditation TOR LETTER

Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli ii Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli iii Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli iv Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli v Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli vi Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli vii Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli viii Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli ix Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli x Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xi Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xii Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xiii Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xiv Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

DECLARATION Declaration by Experts contributing to the EIA ―Expansion of sugarcane crushing capacity from 2500 TCD to 8000 TCD, establishment of 40 MW Co-generation power plant and 110 KLPD distillery to produce 110 KLPD Rectified Spirit/ 110 KLPD Extra Neutral Alcohol/105 KLPD Ethanol based on ―C‖/ ―B‖ Heavy Molasses/Sugarcane Juice/Syrup/Grainsat Nagewadi, Taluka Khanapur, District Sangli, Maharashtra by Yashwant Sugar and Power Private Limited‖. I, herby, certify that I was a part of the team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA.

EIA coordinator: Name: Dr. B. Subbarao Signature Date:12thDecember 2020 Period of involvement: November 2019 Onwards Contact information: ‗Arundhati‘, opposite- Sahayognagar, M.S.E.B. Road, Sangli 416415. Sr. Name of EC/FAE Involvement (Period and Task) Date Signature No. Expert/s Sector November 2019 Onwards Overall Project Coordination including EIA Planning Schedule Discussions with 1stNovembe Dr. B. Coordinator project proponent/local community, r 2019 to till 1. Subbarao WP, SHW, interpretation of data, Overall completion AP,AQ assessment of impacts and its of project. mitigation measures and preparation of EIA report. November 2019 Onwards 1stNovember Project Planning in Coordination with 2019 to till EIA Coordinator. Preparation of Waste completion Mrs. B. 2. WP Water Management Plan, Selection of of project Nagjyoti sampling stations, interpretation of the data, identification of impacts and its mitigation measures. November 2019 Onwards 1stDecember Assessment and Prediction of Impact 2019 to Dr. S. P. 3. NV Noise Quality on the project site and 1stJanuary Chavan entire study area due to the proposed 2020. expansion and Preparation of Report. November 2019 Onwards 1stDecember Baseline study related with Socio- 2019 to economic Status of the project site and 1stJanuary Dr. V. B. entire study area. Identification of 2020. 4. SE Jugale impacts (Positive & negative) by proposed project in study area. Suggestion for improvement of social status of the study area. November 2019 Onwards 1stJanuary Mr. S. V. Assessment of Land use and Land 2020 to 5. LU Chikurde Cover of the project site and entire 1stFebruary study area. Categorization of land use 2020.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xv Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Sr. Name of EC/FAE Involvement (Period and Task) Date Signature No. Expert/s Sector pattern based on the Satellite imagery and supporting software. November 2019 Onwards 1stJanuary Identification of Risk associated with 2020 to Mr. G. the project, Preparation of Disaster 1stFebruary 6. G. RH Management Plan, Occupational Health 2020. Watwe and Safety etc. Preparation of Risk Assessment Report. st November 2019 Onwards 1 December Assessment of Hydro-geological 2019 to Prof. M. st condition of the project and study area, 1 January 7. B. HG & GEO Prediction of impacts due to the 2020. Kulkarni proposed project and preparation of Management Plan for the same. November 2019 Onwards 1stJanuary Assessment of Impact due to proposed 2020 to Mr. D. D. 8. EB project on Ecology & biodiversity of 1stFebruary Shenai the project site and preparation of 2020. Management Plan for the same November 2019 Onwards 1stNovember Project Planning in Coordination with 2019 to till Mr. S. A. 9. AQ EIA Coordinator. Baseline study completion Khatode related to Air Qualityand, identification of project of impacts and its mitigation measures. November 2019 Onwards 1stNovember Project Planning in Coordination with 2019 to till EIA Coordinator. Preparation of Waste completion Mr. A.S. 10. WP Water Management Plan, Selection of of project Tompe sampling stations, interpretation of the data, identification of impacts and its mitigation measures. Declaration by the Head of the accredited consultant organization/authorized person I, Dr. B. Subbarao hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA ―Expansion of sugarcane crushing capacity from 2500 TCD to 8000 TCD, establishment of 40 MW Co-generation power plant and 110 KLPD distillery to produce 110 KLPD Rectified Spirit/ 110 KLPD Extra Neutral Alcohol/105 KLPD Ethanol based on ―C‖/ ―B‖ Heavy Molasses/Sugarcane Juice/Syrup/Grains at Nagewadi, Taluka Khanapur, District Sangli, Maharashtra by Yashwant Sugar and Power Private Limited‖. I also confirm that the consultant organization shall be fully accountable for any mis-leading information mentioned in this statement.

Signature: Date: 12th December 2020 Designation: Head of the Organization Name of the EIA consultant organization: DR. SUBBARAO‟S ENVIRONMENT CENTER NABET Certificate No.& Issue Date:NABET/ EIA/1922/RA 0159, Issue date- 29.05.2020

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xvi Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

CONSULTANANT UNDERTAKING

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xvii Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TOR LETTER ...... i

DECLARATION ...... xv

CONSULTANANT UNDERTAKING ...... xvii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... xviii

LIST OF TABLES ...... xxvii

LIST OF FIGURES ...... xxxi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...... xxxiii

COMPLIANCE OF THE TORS...... xxxv

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 29

1.1. Preamble ...... 29

1.2. Purpose of the report ...... 29

1.3. Identification of project & project proponent ...... 30

1.3.1. Identification of the project: ...... 30

1.3.2. Project Proponents: ...... 31

1.4. Brief description of the project ...... 31

1.4.1. Nature of Project: ...... 31

1.4.2. Size of the project ...... 31

1.4.3. Location: ...... 31

1.4.4. Employment Generation (Direct & Indirect) due to the project ...... 32

1.4.5. Importance to the Country and Region ...... 32

1.5. Scope of the study ...... 33

1.5.1. Objectives of the study ...... 33

1.5.2. Present environmentscenario ...... 33

1.5.3. Assessment of environmentalimpacts ...... 33

1.5.4. Socio-economicassessment ...... 33

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xviii Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

1.5.5. Regulatoryframework ...... 33

1.5.6. Legal Policy and InstitutionalFrameworks ...... 33

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 36

2.1. Type of project ...... 36

2.2. Need for the project ...... 36

2.2.1. Demand – Supply Gap ...... 37

2.3. Location ...... 37

2.3.1. Environment setting near the project site ...... 37

2.4. Size or magnitude of operation ...... 44

2.5. Proposed schedule for approval and implementation ...... 45

2.6. Technology and process description ...... 45

2.6.1. Raw material availability and its source ...... 45

2.6.2. Raw material availability and its source ...... 46

2.6.3. Raw Material Storage and handling ...... 48

2.6.4. Transport of raw materials ...... 48

2.6.5. Manufacturing Process - White Sugar ...... 48

2.6.6. Co - generation power plant ...... 51

2.6.7. Distillery manufacturing proces ...... 54

2.7. Components of the project ...... 75

2.7.1. Power Requirement: ...... 75

2.7.2. Water Budget for Sugar, Co-generation power plant and Distillery unitWater Requirement 75

2.7.3. Waste Treatment Facilities: ...... 86

2.7.4. Air Environment: ...... 101

2.7.5. Solid waste generation: ...... 102

2.7.6. Hazardous wastes: ...... 103

2.7.7. Manpower requirement ...... 103

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xix Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

2.7.8. Land requirement ...... 103

2.8. Mitigation measures ...... 103

3. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT ...... 107

3.1. Introduction ...... 107

3.1.1. Study area ...... 107

3.1.2. Study period ...... 107

3.2. Methodology ...... 107

3.3. Land use pattern of the study area ...... 108

3.3.1. Data ...... 109

3.3.2. Methodology ...... 110

3.3.3. Landuse / Landcover Mapping –2011& 2017 ...... 110

3.3.4. Change in Land use (2011& 2017) ...... 110

3.3.5. Conclusion ...... 113

3.3.6. Reference ...... 113

3.4. Hydrology, Geology, Geohydrology and Structure ...... 114

3.4.1. Geomorphology- ...... 114

3.4.2. Drainage- ...... 115

3.4.3. Soil- ...... 116

3.4.4. Geology- ...... 116

3.4.5. Seismicity and Tectonics- ...... 116

3.4.6. Hydrogeology- ...... 116

3.4.7. Ground water related issues problemsand their mitigation - ...... 117

3.5. Air Environment and Meteorology ...... 118

3.5.1. Meteorological characteristics of the study area ...... 118

3.5.2. Pollutant receptor locations ...... 119

3.5.3. Methodology for Ambient Air Monitoring ...... 120

3.5.4. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) ...... 121

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xx Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

3.5.5. Ambient Air Quality within study area ...... 122

3.5.6. Scenario after proposed expansion...... 123

3.5.7. Determination of emission rates:- ...... 125

3.5.8. Stack Height Calculations ...... 127

3.5.9. Results of the AERMOD software for air quality predictions for proposed expansion ofthe factory 129

3.5.10. PM10 – 24 hour concentrations, for proposed expansion ...... 130

3.5.11. PM2.5 – 24 hour concentrations, for proposed expansion ...... 130

3.5.12. SO2 – 24 hour concentrations, for proposed expansion...... 130

3.5.13. NOx – 24 hour concentrations, for proposed expansion ...... 131

3.5.14. Concentration contours: ...... 131

3.5.15. Conclusions ...... 136

3.6. Water Environment ...... 137

3.6.1. Reconnaissance survey ...... 137

3.6.2. Ground Water ...... 137

3.6.3. Surface water...... 142

3.7. Soil Environment ...... 145

3.7.1. Probable sources of soil pollution/ contamination in the study area ...... 145

3.7.2. Sampling Techniques ...... 145

3.7.3. Soil characteristics in the study area ...... 148

3.8. Noise environment ...... 150

3.8.1. Noise monitoring stations ...... 150

3.8.2. Summary of the results ...... 152

3.9. Ecology and Biodiversity Report: ...... 154

3.9.1. Description of the Study Area ...... 154

3.9.2. Scope of Work ...... 155

3.9.3. Water Analysis ...... 156

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xxi Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

3.9.4. Methodology ...... 156

3.10. Socio-Economic Profile of the Project Area ...... 169

3.10.1. Introduction ...... 169

3.10.2. Methodology ...... 169

3.10.3. Social Screening ...... 172

3.10.4. Baseline Socio-Economic Survey ...... 172

3.10.5. Demographic features of the Sample Villages ...... 174

3.10.6. Agriculture sector ...... 181

3.10.7. SWOT analysis of the agriculture sector in Sangli district ...... 184

3.10.8. Irrigation ...... 186

3.10.9. Social Infrastructure in Two Talukas ...... 187

3.10.10. Industrial sector in the location ...... 193

3.10.11. Socio-Economic Profile Selected Samples ofthe study area ...... 196

3.10.12. Advantages anddisadvantages ...... 203

3.10.13. Willingness to accept ...... 204

3.10.14. Expectations from the factory ...... 206

3.10.15. What can grow? ...... 207

3.10.16. Conclusions ...... 208

4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 209

4.1. Introduction ...... 209

4.2. Impact and Mitigation Measures ...... 209

4.2.1. Impact on Land Environment ...... 210

4.2.2. Impact on Soil ...... 210

4.2.3. Impact on Air Environment ...... 211

4.2.4. Impact on Water Environment ...... 212

4.2.5. Impact Due to Solid Waste ...... 213

4.2.6. Impact on Noise Environment ...... 214

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xxii Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

4.2.7. Impact on Biological Environment ...... 215

4.2.8. Impact on Socio-economic Aspects ...... 216

5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE (TECHNOLOGY & SITE) ...... 219

5.1. Analysis of alternative site ...... 219

5.2. Analysis of alternative technology ...... 219

6. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME ...... 220

6.1. Introduction: ...... 220

6.1.1. Environmental policy ...... 220

6.1.2. Organizational commitment ...... 220

6.1.3. Environmental impact assessment ...... 221

6.2. Objectives and targets ...... 221

6.3. Environmental management cell pattern and reporting ...... 222

6.4. Monitoring points/locations and components ...... 223

6.5. Post project monitoring parameters and frequency ...... 223

6.6. Documentation ...... 224

6.7. Laboratory facilities ...... 224

6.8. Training ...... 224

6.9. Operational and emergency plan ...... 224

6.10. Waste minimization options ...... 225

6.11. Water recycling ...... 225

6.12. Interlocking the process with ETP performance and air emissions ...... 225

6.13. EMP Budget of industry ...... 225

6.14. References ...... 226

7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES ...... 228

7.1. Social Impact Assessment Studies (SIA) ...... 228

7.2. Hazard identification ...... 228

7.2.1. Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment (HIRA) ...... 228

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xxiii Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

7.2.2. Identification Hazard ...... 229

7.3. Risk assessment ...... 230

7.3.1. Objectives of the Study ...... 230

7.3.2. Potential risk and mitigation measures for during construction phase ...... 231

7.3.3. Potential risk and mitigation measures during operation phase ...... 232

7.3.4. Preliminary Hazard Analysis – ...... 235

7.4. Safety measures recommendation ...... 245

7.4.1. Storage and material handling area ...... 245

7.4.2. Reactor Safety ...... 246

7.4.3. DG Sets ...... 246

7.4.4. Boiler ...... 246

7.4.5. Storage and Handling of Alcohol ...... 246

7.4.6. Molasses storage ...... 247

7.4.7. Building & workspace ...... 247

7.4.8. Electric items ...... 247

7.4.9. Fire ...... 247

7.4.10. Occupational health hazard and safety measures ...... 248

7.5. Disaster Management Plan (DMP) ...... 248

7.5.1. Manmade ...... 249

7.5.2. Natural ...... 249

7.5.3. Onsite Emergency Plan ...... 249

7.5.4. Offsite Emergency Plan ...... 250

7.5.5. Objectives of disaster management ...... 250

7.5.6. Onsite Emergency Preparedness Plan ...... 250

7.5.7. Offsite Emergency Plan ...... 253

7.5.8. Information to authorities ...... 253

7.5.9. General natural disaster management measures...... 253

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xxiv Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

7.6. Conclusion ...... 254

8. PROJECT BENEFITS ...... 255

9. ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFITS ANALYSIS ...... 257

9.1. Introduction ...... 257

9.2. Project Cost ...... 257

9.3. Benefit of the industry...... 257

9.4. Benifits of expansion ...... 257

10. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 258

10.1. Inroduction ...... 258

10.2. Environment management plan during construction phase ...... 258

10.2.1. Air Environment ...... 258

10.2.2. Water Environment ...... 258

10.2.3. Noise Environment ...... 259

10.2.4. Solid Waste Management ...... 259

10.2.5. Land ...... 259

10.2.6. Ecology ...... 259

10.2.7. Socio – Economic Factors ...... 260

10.3. Environment management during operation phase ...... 260

10.3.1. Air Environment ...... 260

10.3.2. Water Resources ...... 261

10.3.3. Waste Water ...... 261

10.3.4. Solid Waste ...... 261

10.3.5. Noise Environment ...... 262

10.3.6. Biological Environment ...... 262

10.4. Green belt development ...... 263

10.5. Rain water harvesting ...... 264

10.5.1. Storm Water Harvesting ...... 264

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xxv Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

10.6. Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER) ...... 265

10.7. Environmental policy and Organization structure ...... 265

10.7.1. Procedure for reporting accident/incident and attending the injured person ...... 266

10.7.2. System of reporting of non compliance /violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and/or shareholders or stakeholders at large...... 266

11. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ...... 267

11.1. Salient features of the project ...... 267

11.2. CONCLUSIONS ...... 269

12. DISCLOSURE OF THE CONSULTANT ...... 270

LIST OF ANNEXURES ...... 278

ANNEXURE-I: CONSENT CERTIFICATES ...... 279

ANNEXURE II: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS ...... 290

ANNEXURE III: RAINWATER HARVESTING SCHEME ...... 298

ANNEXURE-IV: STORM WATER DESIGN ...... 302

ANNEXURE-V: PUBLIC HEARING REPORT ...... 313

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xxvi Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1-1 Details of the project...... 30 Table 1-2 Highlights of the project ...... 30 Table 1-3 List of Board of Directors ...... 31 Table 1-4 Size of Operation (Existing and Proposed) ...... 31 Table 1-5Applicability of legal policies to the project ...... 34 Table 2-1 Co-ordinates of the plant site ...... 37 Table 2-2 Location features ...... 37 Table 2-3 Size or Magnitude of project ...... 44 Table 2-4 Schedule for approval and implementation ...... 45 Table 2-5 Raw materials and its sources ...... 45 Table 2-6 Raw material availability and its source ...... 46 Table 2-7 Bagasse characteristics and consumption ...... 52 Table 2-8 Chemical composition of bagasse ...... 52 Table 2-9Turbine details of the plant ...... 53 Table 2-10 Composition of Condensate ...... 60 Table 2-11 Mass Balance of ethanol production...... 61 Table 2-12Grain starch percentage and alcohol yields ...... 66 Table 2-13Composition of various grains ...... 66 Table 2-14Enzymes and its optimum pH and temperature ...... 67 Table 2-15Characteristics of starch in cereal grain ...... 70 Table 2-16Pre-fermentation & Fermentation parameters ...... 71 Table 2-17Water budget for Sugar & Co-generation Division ...... 76 Table 2-18 Zero water requirement for distillery unit ...... 78 Table 2-19: Water Budget for Distillery Division (based on ―C‖Molasses)...... 79 Table 2-20Water Budget for Distillery Division (based on ―B‖ Heavy Molasses) ...... 81 Table 2-21:Water Budget for Distillery Unit (based on Sugarcane juice / Syrup) ...... 83 Table 2-22: Water Budget for Distillery Unit (based on Grains) ...... 84 Table 2-23Water requirement and wastewater generation of each unit ...... 85 Table 2-24 Water requirement and wastewater generation per unit of product ...... 86 Table 2-25 Characteristics of sugar effluent and spray pond effluent after proposed expansion ...... 88 Table 2-26Existing ETP facilities ...... 89 Table 2-27Characteristics of excess condensate generated from sugar unit ...... 94

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xxvii Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 2-28 Characteristics of condensate and other diluted wastegenerated from distillery unit ...... 96 Table 2-29 Characteristics of raw spentwash and Digester Spentwash ...... 98 Table 2-30 Bio-gas calculation for various configuration...... 99 Table 2-31 Fuel specifications ...... 100 Table 2-32 Details of boilers and its APC equipment for existing as well as proposed ...... 102 Table 2-33 Details of non-hazardous waste generated and its disposal ...... 102 Table 2-34 Details of hazardous waste generated and its disposal ...... 103 Table 2-35 Land use breakup details ...... 103 Table 2-36 Impacts and Mitigation Plan ...... 103 Table 3-1 Details of the used Satellite datasets ...... 109 Table 3-2Change in General Land use/ Land cover of Study Area (2011 to 2017) ...... 111 Table 3-3Receptor Summary ...... 119 Table 3-4 Ambient Air Monitoring methodology ...... 120 Table 3-5 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS ...... 121 Table 3-6Ambient Air monitoring results ...... 122 Table 3-7 Emission Inventory – Stack Monitoring ...... 125 Table 3-8 Description of Vehicular emission ...... 127 Table 3-9 The proposed boilers specification ...... 129 Table 3-10 PM10 - 24 hr. Concentrations, computed by AERMOD 8.0.5 ...... 130 Table 3-11 PM2.5 - 24 hr. Concentrations, computed by AERMOD 8.0.5 ...... 130 Table 3-12 SO2 - 24 hr. Concentrations, computed by AERMOD 8.0.5 ...... 130 Table 3-13 NOx - 24 hr. Concentrations, computed by AERMOD ...... 131 Table 3-14Details of the ground water quality monitoring sampling locations ...... 137 Table 3-15Analysis methodology of groundwater and surface water ...... 138 Table.3-16 Groundwater Analysis report within 10 km radius of the study area ...... 140 Table 3-17Details of the surface water quality monitoring sampling locations ...... 142 Table 3-18 Surface water Analysis report within 10 km radius of the study area ...... 143 Table 3-19Details of the soil sampling locations ...... 146 Table 3-20 Soil Analysis report within 10 km radius of the study area ...... 148 Table 3-21 Standard soil classification ...... 149 Table.3-22 Levels of soil fertility ...... 150 Table 3-23Details of noise quality monitoring locations ...... 151 Table 3-24Noise levels of the study area ...... 152 Table 3-25Water sampling locations ...... 157

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xxviii Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 3-26Quadrate of Core Area ...... 158 Table 3-27 Quadrate of Buffer Area ...... 159 Table 3-28Diversity of Herbs Species in Core Area ...... 161 Table 3-29Diversity of Herbs Species in Core Area ...... 161 Table 3-30List of Floral Species in Buffer Area ...... 162 Table 3-31 List of Cultivated Species In the Study Area ...... 163 Table 3-32List of Faunal Species in Buffer and Core Area ...... 164 Table 3-33List of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Observed at sampling stations ...... 165 Table 3-34List of Aquatic Flora Observed in Study Area ...... 166 Table 3-35List of Fish Observed in YerlaRiver and Bhagyanagar Reservoir ...... 166 Table 3-36 Impact Analysis ...... 167 Table 3-37Impact Matrix ...... 167 Table 3-38Name of the Villages within the Radius of 10 KM and Sample Size ...... 173 Table 3-39Demographic Features of the Selected Villages ...... 180 Table 3-40TahsilwiseAggregate (2010-13)Areas under Different Crops (Area in Hectares) ...... 183 Table 3-41Talukawise Areaunder Irrigation - 2010 (Area in Hectares) ...... 187 Table 3-42Number and Percentage of Householdby main Source of Drinking Water, 2011 ...... 188 Table 3-43Number and Percentage of Households by main Source of Lighting, 2011 ...... 189 Table 3-44 Number and Percentage of Households by type of Latrine Facility, 2011 ...... 190 Table 3-45Number and Percentage of Households by type of Drainage connectivity for Waste Water Outlet, 2011...... 190 Table 3-46Number and Percentage of Households by Availability of Kitchen Facility, 2011...... 191 Table 3-47Number and Percentage of Households by type of fuel used for Cooking, 2011 ...... 191 Table 3-48Number and Percentage of Households availing Banking services and number of Households having each of the specified assets in, 2011 ...... 192 Table 3-49Dependents in the Family ...... 196 Table 3-50 Profile of the Sample Families Surveyed for SIA...... 198 Table 3-51Educational Level of the Persons in the Families ...... 199 Table 3-52 Classification of the Samples as per their Sources of Income ...... 202 Table 3-53 Classification of the Responses in the Advantages of the Project ...... 204 Table 3-54 Classification of the Responses for willingness to accept ...... 205 Table 3-55Classification of Expectations from the Sugar Factory ...... 206 Table 4-1 Anticipated environment impacts during construction phase ...... 209 Table 4-2 Land use patter of the industry ...... 210

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xxix Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 4-3 Anticipated impact and corresponding mitigation measure proposed for impact on land environment...... 210 Table 4-4 Anticipated impact and proposed mitigation measure on the Soil Environment due to operation of proposed project ...... 210 Table 4-5 Anticipated impact and proposed mitigation measure on the Air Environment due to operation of proposed project ...... 211 Table 4-6 Anticipated impact and proposed mitigation measure on the Air Environment due to D.G. Sets ...... 211 Table 4-7 Impact and mitigation analysis for the proposed unit ...... 212 Table 4-8 Impact on water environment due to ETP ...... 213 Table 4-9 Impact and mitigation analysis for the proposed unit in respect of solid waste management .. 213 Table 4-10 Anticipated impacts and mitigation measures for the noise environment for the proposed project ...... 214 Table 4-11 Classification of Expectations from the Sugar Factory ...... 217 Table 6-1 Objectives and target completion ...... 221 Table 6-2Parameters and frequency for post project environmental monitoring ...... 223 Table 6-3 EMP Budget of industry ...... 225 Table 7-1 Hazards of the proposed plant ...... 229 Table 7-2 Risk classification and score table ...... 231 Table 7-3 Risk impact and rating matrix during construction phase ...... 232 Table 7-4 Risk impact and rating matrix for boiler operation ...... 233 Table 7-5 Risk during electrical transformer ...... 234 Table 7-6 Risk impact and rating matrix for D.G. set operation ...... 234 Table 7-7 Impact matrix of storage and handling of raw material ...... 235 Table 10-1Details of non-hazardous waste generated and its disposal ...... 261 Table 10-2Details of hazardous waste generated and and its disposal ...... 262 Table 10-3 List of plant which absorb the pollutant for the proposed Green Belt development ...... 264 Table 10-4 List of plant proposed for Green Belt development ...... 264

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xxx Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2-1 Map showing General Location of the factory site ...... 39 Figure 2-2 Specific Location and Project Boundaries ...... 40 Figure 2-3 Layout Map ...... 41 Figure 2-4 Toposheet Map (Survey of India) ...... 42 Figure 2-5 Site photographs ...... 43 Figure 2-6Process Flow Diagram of the sugar unit and sources of waste generation ...... 50 Figure 2-7Power generation by cogeneration unit ...... 53 Figure 2-8 Process flow sheet for the distillery unit ...... 54 Figure 2-9 Fermentation flow Sheet ...... 55 Figure 2-10 Azeotropic anhydrous flow sheet ...... 56 Figure 2-11 Process flow sheet of distillation based on sugarcane juice as a raw material ...... 64 Figure 2-12Flour weighing and batching ...... 68 Figure 2-13 Slurry preparation ...... 69 Figure 2-14 Cooking ...... 69 Figure 2-15 Liquefaction and Saccharification ...... 70 Figure 2-16 Grain to ethanol process flow diagram...... 71 Figure 2-17Flow chart for Ethanol generation from sugarcane juice as a raw material ...... 73 Figure 2-18 Flow sheet of Sewage Treatment Plant ...... 88 Figure 2-19 Flow sheet of existing effluent treatement facilities ...... 90 Figure 2-20 Modification of existing Sugar ETP ...... 93 Figure 2-21Proposed Condensate Polishing Unit for Sugar Division...... 95 Figure 2-22 Distillery CPU Flow Sheet ...... 98 Figure 2-23Process flow chart for spentwash treatment...... 100 Figure 3-1Study Area – 20 km * 20 km around the factory site ...... 109 Figure 3-2Study area map 13-November-2011 and 17-November- 2017 ...... 110 Figure 3-3Study Area Classified Map-A: 13-Nov-2011 and Map-B: 17-Nov-2017 ...... 112 Figure 3-4Bar chart showing comparison in General Landuse/ Land cover of Study Area of 2011 and 2017 ...... 112 Figure 3-5Location Map ...... 114 Figure 3-6 General flat topography of the region...... 115 Figure 3-7 Yerala river drainage map ...... 115 Figure 3-8 Deep black soil near River bed ...... 116

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xxxi Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 3-9 A well near Nagewadi showing weathered basalts...... 117 Figure 3-10Windrose diagram for the study area (blowing from) ...... 118 Figure 3-11 10 km. radius study area map indicating Ambient air quality monitoring locations ...... 120 Figure 3-12Concentration isopleths for PM10 incremental concentrations...... 132

Figure 3-13 Concentration isopleths for PM2.5 incremental concentrations ...... 133

Figure 3-14 Concentration isopleths for SO2 incremental concentrations ...... 134

Figure 3-15 Concentration isopleths for NOX incremental concentrations ...... 135 Figure 3-16 10km. radius study area map indicating groundwater sampling location ...... 138 Figure 3-17 10 km. radius study area map indicating surface water sampling location ...... 143 Figure 3-18 10 km. radius study area map indicating soil sampling location ...... 147 Figure 3-19 10 km. radius study area map indicating noise quality sampling location ...... 151 Figure 3-20Site Photo Photographs ...... 155 Figure 3-21Water sampling locations ...... 158 Figure 3-22 Photograph of Quadrate of Core Area ...... 159 Figure 3-23 Photograph of Quadrate of Buffer Area ...... 160 Figure 3-24Sugarcane area in Kadegaon and Khanapur Talukas ...... 182 Figure 3-25Demographic Scale of the Villages ...... 197 Figure 3-26Educational Level of the Persons in the Families ...... 199 Figure 3-27Classification of the Samples as per their Sources of Income ...... 201 Figure 3-28 Cultural Resilience Vulnerability ...... 203 Figure 6-1 Hierachal structure of the organization for reporting ...... 222 Figure 7-1 Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment (HIRA) process ...... 229 Figure 7-2 Disaster management process ...... 249 Figure 10-1 Hierarchal structure of the organization for reporting ...... 265

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xxxii Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AERMOD : American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model APC : Air Pollution Control APHA : The American Public Health Association BCS : Black Cotton Soil BLEVE : Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion BOD : Biological Oxygen Demand BX : Degrees Brix CER Corporate Environment Responsibilities COD : Chemical Oxygen Demand COINDS : Comprehensive Industry Document on Sugar Industry CPCB : Central Pollution Control Board CPU : Condensate Polishing Unit CSR : Corporate Social Responsibilities CTO : Consent to Operate dB : Decibel DG Set : Disel Generator Set DM Plant : Demineralization Plant DMC : Disaster Management Cell DO : Dissolved Oxygen EAC : Expert Appraisal Committee EBP : Ethanol Blending Programme ECC : Emergency Control Centre EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EMP : Environmental Management Plan ENA : Extra Neutral Alcohol ERPGs : Emergency Response Planning Guidelines ESP : Electrostatic Precipitators ETP : Effluent Treatment Plant F/M Ratio : Food to Micro-organism Ratio FD : Forced Draft GCV : Gross Calorific Value GIS : Geographic information system GLCs : Ground Level Concentrations GOI, MSME : Government Of India , Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises GPS : Global Positioning System HAZOP : Hazard and Operability Study HIRA : Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment IMD : The India Meteorological Department IMFL : Indian made Foreign Liquor IRS : Indian Remote Sensing Satellite System IS : International Standards ISO : International Organization for Standardization IUCN : International Union for Conservation of Nature KLPD : Kilo Liter Per Day KVA : Kilo-Volt-Ampere LISS : Linear Imaging Self Scanning Sensor LPG : Liquefied Petroleum Gas MCA : Maximum Credible Accident Analysis

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xxxiii Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

MCLS : Maximum Credible Loss Scenario MCR : Maximum Continuous Rating MEE : Multiple Effect Evaporator MLSS : Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid MoEF&CC : Ministry of Environmental Forest and Climate Change MSIHC : manufacture, storage and import of Hazardous Chemical Rules ( MT : Metric Tonn MW : Mega Watt MWh : Mega Watt Hours NAAQS : National Ambient Air Quality Standards NE : North-East NH-4 : National Highway Number - 4 NW : North-West PACS : Primary Agricultural Credit Society PPEs : Pesonal Protective Equipments PVC : Poly Vinyl Chloride QCI-NABET : Quality Council of India – National Accreditation Board for Education and Training R & R : Rehabilitation and Resettlement SEC : Subbarao‘s Environment Center SIA : Social Impact Assessment SPCB : State Pollution Control Board SW : South-West TCD : Tonns Crushing per day TPH : Tonns Per Hours YSPPL Yashwant Sugar and Power Private Limited. ZLD : Zero liquid Discharge

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xxxiv Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

COMPLIANCE OF THE TORS 5(j): STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONDUCTING ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR SUGAR INDUSTRY INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED IN EIA / EMP REPORT

Sr. TOR Condition Compliance Page No. No. A. STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE The summary contains site details, environmental status, air quality prediction impacts due to all units in the industrial complex and mitigation measures, water balance, waste management, greenbelt, rainwater 1 Executive Summary harvesting, project description including material balance, project cost, 01 to 28 CSR activities, socioeconomic, ecology and biodiversity, land use pattern, geology and geohydrology, additional studies such as risk assessment, and EMP etc. Introduction ―Dr. Subbarao‘s Environment Center‖ is the consultant organization and i. Details of the EIA Consultant including the NABET accreditation certificate no. NABET/EIA/1922/ RA (270 to 277) NABET accreditation 2 0159.Chapter 12 The detailed background information of the project proponent is provided ii. Information about the project proponent 30 to 31 in Chapter 1, under section 1.3.1 & 1.3.2 iii. Importance and benefits of the project Kindly refer to the Section 1.4.4 and Section 1.4.5 of Chapter 1 32 3 Project Description The cost of the project is Rs. 350 crores. The time of the completion is approximately two years after the receipt of i. Cost of project and time of completion. the Environmental Clearance 44 to 45 The detailed cost breakup is given in Chapter 2 under Section 2.4 and Section 2.5 ii. Products with capacities for the proposed project. Included in Chapter-2, Section 2.4 44 to45 iii. If the expansion project, details of existing products with Included in Chapter-2, Section 2.6.1, Table No.2.5 capacities and whether adequate land is available for expansion, Existing land is adequate for proposed expansion. No 45 to 46 reference of earlier EC if any. earlier Environment Clearance.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xxxv Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

iv. List of raw materials required and their source along with the Included in Chapter 2, Section 2.6.1, Table 2-5 45 to 46 mode of transportation v. Other chemicals and materials required. Included in Chapter 2, Section 2.6.1, Table 2-5 45 to 46 vi. Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous waste generation Included in Chapter-2, Section 2.8 103 to 106 and their management. vii. The requirement of water, power, with a source of supply, Included in Chapter-2, Section 2.7 the status of approval, water balance diagram, manpower 75 to 103 requirement (regular and contract). Included in Chapter 2, viii. Process description along with major equipment and Sugar: Section 2.6.5 machineries, process flow sheet (Quantitative) from raw material 48 to 74 Co-generation power: Section 2.6.6 to products to be provided. Distillery: Section 2.6.7. Risk analysis is given in Chapter 7, under section 7.3 to ix. Hazard identification and details of proposed safety systems. 230 to 254 7.5.9 x. Expansion/modernization proposals: a. Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) including As per EIA Notification there is no requirement of Amendments thereto obtained for the project from Environment Clearance for sugar industry having MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified sugarcane crushing capacity less than 5000 TCD. copy of the latest Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of At present sugarcane crushing capacity is only 2500 the Ministry of Environment and Forests as per circular dated TCD. Therefore, industry does not require environmental 30th May 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions clearance and hence Regional Office, MoEF&CC stipulated in all the existing environmental clearances including Monitoring Report is not applicable. Amendments shall be provided. In addition, the status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing /existing operation of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-EMP report. b. In case the existing project has not obtained environmental No earlier Environment Clearance clearance, reasons for not taking EC under the provisions of the As per EIA Notification there is no requirement of EIA Notification 1994 and/or EIA Notification2006 shall be Environment Clearance for sugar industry having 279 to 289 provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection sugarcane crushing capacity less than 5000 TCD. The Certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units operating consent to operate is obtained on date 24th November

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xxxvi Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005- 2020. 2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, And the crushing operation will be started for the season compliance report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB 2020. Enclosed as Annexure I. shall be submitted. 4 Site Details i. Location of the project site covering village, Taluka/Tehsil, The details are included in Chapter 2, Section 2.3, District and State, Justification for selecting the site, whether Figure 2.1. 39 other sites were considered. ii. A toposheet of the study area of a radius of 10 km and site Attached in Chapter 2, Section 2.3 Figure 2.4. location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2 sheet. 42 (Including all eco-sensitive areas and environmentally sensitive places). It is an existing sugar complex, therefore no alternative iii. Details w.r.t. option analysis for selection of a site -- site was considered. iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site. Attached in Chapter 2, Section 2.3 Table 2.1 37

v. Google map-Earth downloaded of the project site. Attached in Chapter 2, Section 2.3, Figure 2.2. 40 vi. Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as the proposed Attached in Chapter 2, Section 2.3, Figure 2.3. unit indicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located within an Industrial area/Estate/Complex, the 41 layout of the Industrial Area indicating the location of the unit within the Industrial area/Estate. vii. Photographs of the proposed and existing (if applicable) Given in Chapter 2, Figure 2.5 plant site. If existing, show photographs of plantation/greenbelt, 43 in particular. viii. Landuse break-up of the total land of the project site Details are given in Chapter 3, Section 3.3, Table 3.2. (identified and acquired), government/ private - agricultural, 108 to113 forest, wasteland, water bodies, settlements, etc shall be included. (Not required for the industrial area).

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xxxvii Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

ix. A list of major industries with name and type within the No major industry. study area (10km radius) shall be incorporated. Land use details -- of the study area. Geological features, Groundwater table conditions and x. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of the study quality of water with respect to geological conditions are 114 to 117 area shall be included. covered in Chapter 3, under Section 3.4. xi. Details of Drainage of the project up to a 5km radius of the Included in Chapter 3, under section 3.4.2. study area. If the site is within 1 km radius of any major river, There is no River within 1 Km radius of the factory site. peak and lean season river discharge as well as flood occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. 115 Details of Flood Level of the project site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided. (Mega greenfield projects). xii. Status of acquisition of land. If the acquisition is not Not applicable as the available land is adequate. complete, stage of the acquisition process and expected time of -- complete possession of the land. xiii. R&R details in respect of land in line with state Not applicable as it is an exiusting industry which has its -- Government policy. own land. 5. Forest and wildlife-related issues (if applicable) -- i. Permission and approval for the use of forest land (forestry Not applicable. clearance), if any, and recommendations of the State Forest -- Department. (if applicable) ii. Landuse map based on High-resolution satellite imagery Not applicable. (GPS) of the proposed site delineating the forestland. (in case of -- projects involving forest land more than 40 ha) iii. Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I Not applicable. -- forestry clearance along with the latest status shall be submitted. iv. The projects to be located within 10 km of the National Not applicable. Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of -- Wild Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xxxviii Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

vis-à-vis the project location and the recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon. v. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the Chief Not applicable. Wildlife Warden of the State Government for the conservation -- of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area. vi. Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Not applicable. Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of -- the National Board for Wildlife. 6. Environmental Status -- i. Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the project site Covered in Chapter 3, under section 3.5, Windrows and site-specific micrometeorological data using temperature, diagrams are plotted based on the data (Figure 3.10) 118 relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction, and rainfall. The monitoring stations were based on CPCB guidelines. The monitoring was done as per the guidelines of the CPCB. ii. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10, PM2.5, AAQ data (Arithmetic mean of concentration values of SO2, NOX, CO and other parameters relevant to the project samples collected twice a week for 3 months) at 8 shall be collected. The monitoring stations shall be based on locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO are given in 118 to 136 CPCB guidelines and take into account the predominant wind Table 3.6. direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including Figure 3.10 shows wind rose diagram. reserved forests. Summarized AAQ data included in Chapter 3, under section 3.5 & the total concentration of the receptor are included in Table 3.10 to Table 3.13. iii. Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all Included as Annexure II in the EIA report. stations as per frequency is given in the NAAQM Notification of Nov. 2009 along with - min., max., average and 98% values for 290 to 297 each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexure to the EIA Report. iv. Surface water quality of nearby River (100m upstream and Analysis Report for surface water included in Chapter 3, downstream of discharge point) and other surface drains at eight under section 3.6.3 & Table 3.18 142 to 145 locations as per CPCB/MoEF&CC guidelines.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xxxix Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

v. Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river Not Applicable. -- identified by the CPCB / MoEF&CC, if yes give details. vi. Groundwater monitoring at minimum at 8 locations shall be Chapter 3, under section 3.6.2 & Table 3.16 137 to 142 included. vii. Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the study area. Chapter 3, under section 3.8 & Table 3.24. 150 to 153 viii. Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines. Chapter 3, Section 3.7 & Table 3.20. 145 to 150 ix. Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, the frequency of Chapter 3, Section 3.5.7.& Table 3.8. vehicles for transportation of materials, additional traffic due to Parking arrangement- Chapter 2, section 2.7.8 & 128&103 proposed project, parking arrangement etc. Table 2.35. x. Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial and aquatic) Chapter 3, Section 3.9 existing in the study area shall be given with special reference to rare, endemic and endangered species. If Schedule-I fauna are 154to 168 found within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared and furnished. xi. Socio-economic status of the study area. Chapter 3, Section 3.10 169 to 208

7. Impact and Environment Management Plan i. Assessment of ground level concentration of pollutants from the stack emission based on site-specific meteorological features. In case the project is located on hilly terrain, the AQIP Modelling shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics for determining the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ. The cumulative impact of all sources of Chapter 3, Section 3.5. 118 to 136 emissions (including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of the model used and the input data used for modelling shall also be provided. The air quality contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the location of the project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any. Not Applicable as the treated effluent is applied on land ii. Water Quality modelling - in case of discharge in water body. for irrigation. iii. Impact of the transport of the raw materials and end products Raw material and finished products are transported on 45 to 46

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xl Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

on the surrounding environment shall be assessed and provided. road. The impact analysis is given in chapter 2, section In this regard, options for transport of raw materials and finished 2.6.1. products and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport or conveyor cum-rail transport shall be examined. iv. A note on treatment of wastewater from different plant operations, extent recycled and reused for different purposes shall be included. Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Chapter 2, under Section 2.7.2 & Section 2.7.3. 75 to 101 Characteristics of untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under E (P) Rules. The industry is not in operation in last years and started in v. Details of stack emission and action plan for control of November 2020. The details of boilers and emissions 125 emissions to meet standards. rate, stack height calculation for the proposed expansion, are given in Chapter 3, Section 3.5.6.1. Table 3.7 Regular maintenance of roads by sprinkling of water on vi. Measures for fugitive emission control. the dust prevailing areas, and plantation of trees along the 263 to 264 roadside and plant boundary. Chapter 10, Section 10.4. vii. Details of hazardous waste generation and their storage, The hazardous waste generated is only Spent Oil (1.01 utilization, and management. Copies of MOU regarding KL/Annum). The spent oil shall be reused for lubrication utilization of solid and hazardous waste in cement plant shall of Bullock Carts. 103 also be included. EMP shall include the concept of waste- Chapter 2, Section 2.7.6 & Table 2.34. minimization, recycle/ reuse/recover techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation. Ash generated shall be used as brick manufacturering viii. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per Fly Ash within factory premices or mixed with pressmud and sold 102 Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of action shall be provided. as manure. Chapter 2, Section 2.7.5.Table 2.33 ix. Action plan for the green belt development plan in 33 % area The details are given in Chapter 10, under section 10.4 i.e. land with not less than 1,500 trees per ha. Giving details of Total plot area is 36.55 Ha out of which 13.4 Ha is used species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be for greenbelt development. 263 to 264 included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening of the roads used for the project shall

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xli Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

also be incorporated. x. Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site shall be submitted to harvest rainwater from the rooftops and Rain water is being implemented and the details of which stormwater drains to recharge the groundwater and also to use 298 to 301 are given in Annexure-III. for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the water requirement from other sources. xi. Total capital cost and recurring cost per annum for The details are given in Chapter 6, under section 6.13, 220 to 221 environmental pollution control measures shall be included. Table 6.3 xii. Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring shall The details are given in the Chapter.6, under Section 225 to 226 be submitted. 6.4 & 6.5 xiii. Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man-made) Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan including Risk The details are given in the Chapter.7, under section 7.5 248 to 254 Assessment and damage control. The disaster management plan should be linked with the District Disaster Management Plan. 8. Occupational health As per the factory act rules, all the safety measures and provision for occupational health and safety measures for i. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the occupational health & the employees, contractor, and casual workers shall be -- safety of all contract and casual workers. implemented. The budgetary allocation is 5 Lakhs per year ii. Details of exposure-specific health status evaluation of Being implemented as per the factory act. worker. If the workers' health is being evaluated by pre-designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far & Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular defect) -- ECG, during pre-placement and periodical examinations give the details of the same. Details regarding last month analyzed data of above-mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department wise. iii. Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards. What are Not Applicable. the exposure levels of hazards and whether they are within -- Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL,

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xlii Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved, iv. Annual report of health status of workers with special Shall be maintained. -- reference to Occupational Health and Safety 9. Corporate Environment Policy i. Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy Yes, is included in Chapter 10, under section 10.7. approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in 265 to 266 the EIA report ii. Does the Environment Policy prescribe for standard operating Yes, the process technologies adopted are approved by process/procedures to bring into focus any the state sugar directorate and there are no violations of -- infringement/deviation/ violation of the environmental or forest the environmental or forest norms/ conditions. norms/conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA. iii. What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of It included in Chapter 10, Figure 10.1 the company to deal with the environmental issues and for 265 ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions? Details of this system may be given. iv. Does the company have a system of reporting of The system shall be followed as per the Hierarchal noncompliances/ violations of environmental norms to the Board structure for corrective actions/reporting system. Chapter of Directors of the company and/or shareholders or stakeholders 10, Section 10.7.2 266 at large? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report. Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel, All the facilities shall be provided as per Factory Act. restroom etc. to be provided to the labour force during 10. -- construction as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during the operation phase. 11. Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC) i. Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project cost) shall be Cost of the project is 350 Crore rupees, 0.75 % of the earmarked towards the Enterprise Social Commitment based on total project cost (Ref:Office Memorandum Vide F. No. Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time- 22-65/2017-IA.III Dated 01.05.2018) will be spent on 265 bound action plan shall be included. Socio-economic Corporate Environment Responsibilities (CER). Chapter development activities need to be elaborated upon. 10, Section 10.6

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xliii Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Any litigation pending against the project and/or any Nil. direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received 12. any notice under Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, -- 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case. A tabular chart with the index for point wise compliance of Complied 13. xxxv to xlvii above TOR. B. SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA STUDIES FOR SUGAR Complete process flow diagram describing each unit, its Chapter-2 , Section 2.6.5& 2.6.6 processes, and operations in the production of sugar, along with 1. 48 to 53 material and energy inputs and outputs (material and energy balance). Details on water balance including the quantity of effluent Chapter 2, Section 2.7.2 (Table 2.17) 2. generated, recycled & reused. Efforts to minimize effluent is 76 to 77 charge and to maintain the quality of receiving water body. Details of the effluent treatment plant, inlet and treated water Chapter 2, under section 2.7.3. quality with specific efficiency of each treatment unit in a 86 to 95 3. reduction in respect to fall concerned/regulated environmental parameters. i) Sugar unit-180 days ii) 40 MW Co-generation unit- 4. Number of working days of the sugar production unit. Maximum 204 or 180 days depending on bagasses 46 to 48 avalability. (Chapter 2, Section 2.6.2 & Table 2.6.) 1*200 TPH shall be used for Sugar and Co-generation 5. Details of the use of steam from the boiler. 53 power plant.Chapter 2, under section 2.6.6, Table 2.9. Details of proposed source-specific pollution control schemes ESP for air emissions, ETP and CPU for process 6. -- and equipment to meet the national standards. Effluents and condensates. Molasses is collected, and transported to the Steel Storage 7. Collection, storage, handling and transportation of molasses. tanks and to the Distillery through Pipelines. Chapter 2, 45 to 46 Section 2.6.2 & Table 2.5.)

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xliv Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Bagasse is transferred through closed system (Conveyor) to Boilers and pressmud is transferred through Dumpers to the storage area. Bagasse is stored in bails and covered with torpauline 8. Collection, storage, and handling of bagasse and pressmud. -- sheet dyring rainy season. Pressmud is stored one meter above the ground level so that the rain water do not mix with Pressmud, Pressmud shall be sold as manure before on set of rainy season.. Fly ash management plan for coal-based and bagasse and action Included in Chapter 10, section 10.3.4. Table 10.1. 9. 261 to 262 plan. Details on water quality parameters such as Temperature, Color, Discussed in detail in Chapter 3, for Groundwater 10. pH, BOD, COD, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, Phosphates, Oil & analysis under the Section 3.6.2 and for Surface water 137 to 145 Grease, Total Suspended Solids, Total Coliform bacteria etc. under the Section 3.6.3. Details on existing ambient air quality and expected, stack and Detail are given in Chapter 3, under section 3.5 fugitive emissions for PM , PM , SO *, NOx*, etc., and 10 2.5 2 118 to 136 11. evaluation of the adequacy of the proposed pollution control

devices to meet standards for point sources and to meet AAQ standards. (*-As applicable).

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xlv Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

C. SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA STUDIES FOR DISTILLERIES Page No. List of existing distillery units in the study area 1. along with their capacity and sourcing of raw Within the 10 km of the study area, there are no distilleries. -- material. 2. Number of working days of the distillery unit. 330 days -- Details of raw materials such as 3. Details are given in Chapter 2, Section 2.6.2, Table 2.6. 46 to 48 molasses/grains, their source with availability. Distillery Boiler has 30 TPH capacity for drying of concentrated spentwash 4. Details of the use of steam from the boiler. -- and generation of steam for process. Groundwater quality shall be monitored through Piezometers, which shall be installed at the spentwash storage ponds as per the CPCB Guidelines. The monitoring shall be performed once in a month from NABL Accredited laboratory. The results of which shall be submitted to the regional office. Surface and Groundwater quality around The industry is working on zero liquid discharge technology, as Spentwash 5. proposed spent wash storage lagoon, and 85 shall be converted into potash rich powder/ granules. Therefore no effluent compost yard. shall be mixed with any surface water body and as such deterioration in the surface water quality due to the industry is not envisaged. There shall be two spentwash storage ponds which shall be constructed as per the CPCB guidelines. Chapter 2, Section 2.7.2.3,Table 2.23. For proposed 110KLPD Distillery, the spentwash production, after MEE is Plan to reduce spent wash generation within 6-8 6. less than 2 KL/KL of alcohol produced 85 KL/KL of alcohol produced. Chapter 2, Section 2.7.2.3,Table 2.23. The factory will be adopting Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD). Process condensates, boiler and cooling tower blowdown and spentless Proposed effluent treatment system for which shall be treated in proposed condensate polishing unit and reused in molasses/grain based distillery (spent wash, the process. 7. spent lees, condensate, and utilities) as well as 96 to 100 Spentwash generated during the process of distillation from 110 KLPD domestic sewage and scheme for achieving zero distillery shall be concentrated in MEE followed by drier to convert raw effluent discharge (ZLD) Spentwash into potash rich powder/ granules. Chapter 2, under section 2.7.3. sub section 2.7.3.1.4. 8. Proposed action to restrict fresh water Distillery unit works on zero water requirement. Condensate shall be 79 to 86

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xlvi Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

consumption within 10 KL/KL of alcohol Recycled after treatment in proposed CPU. production. Details about capacity of spent wash holding Piezometers shall be installed at each storage pond as per the CPCB tank, material used, design consideration. No. 9. guidelines. 85 of piezometers to be proposed around spent Chapter 2, sub section 2.7.2.2. & Table 2.23. wash holding tank. There will be no groundwater pollution due to the proposed project as the factory will operate on Zero Liquid Discharge technologies. To avoid the spent wash leakage, storage pond shall be constructed as per the CPCB 10. Action plan to control groundwater pollution. -- guidelines. Dryer will be provided for converting spentwash into potash rich powder/granules. Details of solid waste management including Yeast sludge will be used as manure. management of boiler ash, yeast, etc. Details of Distillery boiler ash shall be used for brick manufacturering within factory 11. 261 to 262 incinerated spent wash ash generation and its premises or mixed with Pressmud and sold as manure. disposal. Chapter 10, Section 10.3.4. Details of the bio-composting yard (if 12 Not Applicable -- applicable Minimum 3 days storage shall be maintained for spentwash storage ponds. 13 Action plan to control odour pollution. -- The whole process is under closed conditions. Arrangements for installation of the continuous Continuous online monitoring system shall be provided for the proposed 14 online monitoring system (24x7 monitoring -- 110KLPD distillery as per CPCB Guidelines. device)

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli xlvii Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION

Yashwant Sugar and Power Private Limited (YSPPL) is a registered company in the state of Maharashtra under the Companies Act, 1956 on 19th June 2012 Vide Registration Number U15422PN2012PTC143740.

The registered office of YSPPL is located at Plot No. 350, VasantdadaMarket Yard, Sangli, Maharashtra- 416415 and the project site is located at post Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli, Maharashtra- 415311. YSPPL has existing sugar factory of 2500 TCD. The command area is rich in sugarcane cultivation and has excellent irrigation facilities.

Considering the Sugarcane cultivation potential and the availability of sugarcane in the command area YSPPL, proposes to expand its sugarcane crushing capacity from 2500 TCD to 8000 TCD. In order to meet the requirements of steam and power the industry propose to establish 40 MW Co-generation power plant. The industry also proposes to establish 110 KLPD distillery to consume the available molasses from its own sugar unit and utilize sugarcane juice/syrup/‗C‘/‘B‘ heavy Molasses/grains for the production of 110 KLPD RS/110 KLPD ENA/105 KLPD Ethanol. In the command area, the availability of Grains is also abundant and as such Grains based distillery unit is also proposed of the same capacity of 110 KLPD for production of 110 KLPD RS/110 KLPD ENA/105 KLPD Ethanol as per demand.

1.1 PROJECT LOCATION

The salient features of the project site are Table 1 Salient features of the project site

Sr. No. Features Description Directions w.r.t. site 1. latitude Latitude: 17°20'10.83"N 2. Longitude Longitude: 74°31'35.56"E 3. Elevation above MSL 692 m 4. Nearest highway NH 4 (40 km) WSW 5. Nearest railway station Karad (40 Km) WSW 6. Nearest air port Kolhapur (80 Km) SSW 7. Nearest town Vita (7 km) SSE 8. Nearest human settlement Nagewadi. (2 km) NW 9. Nearest port Jawaharlal Nehru Port (250 km) NW 10. Nearest water body Bhagyanagar lake (3.5 Km) NE 11. Protected Area None within 10 km 12. Reserved Forests None within 10 km 13. Wildlife Sanctuary None within 10 km

14. Archeological site None within 10 km 15. State boundary None within 10 km 16. Defense installations None within 10 km 17. Average Rainfall 581 mm

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 1 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The details about the maufacturing capacity of existing unit as well as after the proposed expansion are given in table below

Table 2 Existing and Proposed Products manufacturing quantities

Sr. Existing Proposed Description Unit Total Remark No. Capacity Capacity 1. Sugar Unit TCD 2500 5500 8000 2 Co-generation Power MW 0 40 40 3. Distillery Unit KLPD 0 110 110 Rectified Spirit or 110 110 Only one Extra Neutral Alcohol or KLPD 110 110 product at Ethanol 105 105 a time

A) Land use Details

The total area available with the factory is 36.55 Hectares Out of which, 13.4 Hectares will be utilized for green belt development. A detailed area breakup is given below

Table 3 Landuse breakup

Total Area in % of Total Sr. No. Description Ha Area 1 Total Built-Up Area 2.05 5.61 2 Green Belt Area 13.4 36.66 3 Area Under Utility 3.77 10.32 4 Parking Area 5.59 15.29 5 Area Under Road 3.75 10.26 6 Open Space Area 7.99 21.86 Total Plot Area 36.55 100 B) Power requirement At present, the power requirement by the industry is 3.0 MW, which is taken from MSEDCL and 1*125KVA DG sets are installed for power back up. After the proposed expansion additional 11.5 MW of power will be required. Therefore total power requirement after the proposed expansion will be 14.5 MW, which shall be fulfilled from the proposed 40 MW co-generation power plant, 30 TPH distillery boiler and 2*500 KVA DG Sets for power back-up purpose. Excess electricity produced will be supplied to the state electricity grid.

C) Water Consumption details

Industrial Purpose:

The Bhagyanagar Lake is the nearest water body of 3.5 km away from the factory site, which is the main source of water.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 2 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Sugar Division - The sugar unit and co-generation power plant works on zero water requirements. Detailed water budget of the Sugar division is shown in Table 4.

Distillery Division – The distillery unit works on zero water requirements. Detailed water budget of the distillery unit is shown in Table 6 to Table 9.

Domestic Purpose:

At present water requirement is 100m3/day, no additional water requirement after the proposed expansion

Note: 1) All the excess condensate and treated effluent shall be recycled into process.

2) Saved water from sugar unit shall be used for distillery operation dusring season and remaining shall be stored.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 3 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Water balance calculations: Sugar & Co-generation Division. Table 4 Water budget for Sugar & Co-generation Division

Wastewater Remark Sr. Water Requirement Consumption/Losses Reuse / Recovery Waste Generation Details treated and No. (KLD) (KLD) (KLD) (KLD) reused E P T E P T E P T E P T Domestic Purpose 1 Domestic 100 -- 100 20 -- 20 80 -- 80 --

Industrial Purpose 1 Boiler 1*200 TPH -- 4510 4510 -- 210 210 -- 4250 4250 -- 50 50 50 2 DM Plant -- 290** 290** -- 260 260 ------30 30 30 3 Process water 120 150 270 15 27 42 ------105 123 228 228 Washing of 4 30 45 75 ------30 45 75 75 equipment Air compressors & 5 40 40 80 07 07 14 33 33 66 ------pumps 988 m3/day All the condenser of treated water shall be effluent shall treated in proposed be recycled 6 Condenser Water ------525 675 1200 CPU of capacity after RO 2000KLD and treatment. recycled as process (RO permeate water. 669 and RO Spray pond blow- reject 319) 7 525 675 1200 280 355 635 ------245 320 565 565 down Cooling tower 8 -- 215 215 -- 175 175 ------40 40 40 blow-down Recycling of 9 Excess ------525 675 1200 ------Condensate Recycle of treated 10 ------293 376 669 ------effluent Total 715 5925 6640 302 1034 1336 1376 6009 7385 380 608 988 988

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 4 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Where, E – Present 2500TCD P – Expansion of 5500 TCD sugar crushing & Establishment of 40 MW Co-generation unit. T - Total 8000 TCD & 40MW. Note: All wastewater generated shall be treated in existing ETP after up-gradation followed by RO and recycled back in to process. RO reject of 319m3/day shall be used for gardening/green belt purpose and also 126 m3/day of water shall be used for green belt development. 1. At present there are 2 boilers of 2*17.5 TPH capacities each shall be abandoned and one boiler of 1*200 TPH capacity with a pressure of 110 kg/cm2 and temperature of 5400C shall be installed. For co-generation power plant 40 MW turbo-generator set with a pressure of 105 kg/cm2 and temperature of 5350C shall be installed. Net Water saving would be: i) Industrial Purpose: 6640 – 7385 = -745 KLD. (745 KLD of water shall be saved) Due to excess condensate available from Sugar unit, there shall not be any water requirement for sugar unit and co-generation unit. After treatment excess condensate shall be used for DM plant. The fresh water requirement only for domestic purpose shall be 100KLD. Saved water of 745 KLD out of which 126 m3/day used for greenbelt purpose during season, distillery operation etc. and remaining water shall be stored in storage tank which shall be used for distillery operation during off season. Therefore 619 KLD of water shall be used for distillery purpose only. ii) Domestic Purpose: At present water requirement is 100KLD, no additional water requirement after the proposed expansion. Effluent Generation: i. Industrial - 988 KLD out of which sugar effluent - 303 KLD, spray-pond effluent – 565 KLD and co-generation power plant effluent 120 KLD (Co-gen effluent-120 KLD, out of which 50 KLD boiler blow-down, 40 KLD cooling tower blow –down and 30 KLD of DM plant reject). ii. Domestic – 80KLD..

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 5 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Note: The sugar effluent shall be treated in ETP followed by RO and recycled into process. Remaining saved quantity of 745 KLD, out of which 126 KLD used for greenbelt purpose and 394 KLD shall be used for distillery operation and the remaining shall be stored for use in Distillery operations during Off-Season. Sugar and Distillery units operate on Zero Water requirement. However, initially 5520 KL of water is taken for Sugar and Distillery Boilers and daily 100 KLD for Domestic use. Table 5 Zero water requirement for distillery unit

Sr. Daily water No. of working Total Description Final (m3/annum) No requirements/save days (m3/annum) 1 110 KLPD Distillery water requirements 394 180 70920 111420 During Season 111420 (Water 2 110 KLPD Distillery water requirements 270 150 40500 Requirement) During Off season 3 Total water saved during season from sugar 111420 (Water 619(Saved) 180 111420 division Saved) Calculations: Daily water saved from sugar unit = 745 KLD out of which 126 KLD used for greenbelt purpose. Daily water required for distillery meet from saved water from sugar unit = 619 – 394 = 225 KLD Water stored for distillery operation during off season = 225*180 = 40500 KLD

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 6 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP/04/2020

Distillery division

I.Based on “C”Molasses Table 6 Water Budget for Distillery Division (based on “C”Molasses)

Remark: 176 KLD of concentrated spentwash shall be generated after anaerobic digester followed by MEE. (Raw spentwash quantity - 880) Solids content in raw spentwash shall be around 12 – 14 % by its weight, hence convert to 5% to 6% in anaerobic digester and finally it‘s converted to 30% by its weight after MEE.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 7 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Note: The consumption/losses and final wastewater generated is amounting (160 + 176) = 336 KLD. Net Water Requirement: 2060 –1724 = 336 KLD. Effluent Generation: 481 KLD out of which spentwash - 176 KLD, spentlees – 220 KLD, DM plant wastewater generation-5KLD, fermenter washing waste-30 KLD, boiler blow-down wastewater-10KLD and cooling tower wastewater generation – 40KLD. All the effluent except concentrated spentwash shall be treated in CPU and treated effluent shall be recycled in process. Concentrated spentwash shall be converted to dry powder/granules (potash rich powder/manure).

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 8 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

II. Based on “B” Heavy Molasses Table 7 Water Budget for Distillery Division (based on “B” Heavy Molasses)

Note: 1*30 TPH boiler @ 45 kg/cm2 shall be installed for the proposed 135 KLPD distillery. Remark: 110 KLD of concentrated spentwash shall be generated after anaerobic digester followed by MEE. (Raw spentwash quantity - 660) Solids content in raw spentwash shall be around 8 – 10 % by its weight, hence convert to 4% to 5% in anaerobic digester and finally it‘s converted to 30% by its weight after MEE.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 9 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Note:

The consumption/losses and final wastewater generated is amounting (160 + 110) = 270 KLD. Net Water Requirement: 1840 –1570 = 270 KLD. Effluent Generation: 415 KLD out of which spentwash - 110 KLD, spentlees – 220 KLD, DM plant wastewater generation-5KLD, fermenter washing waste-30 KLD, boiler blow-down wastewater-10KLD and cooling tower wastewater generation – 40KLD. All the effluent except concentrated spentwash shall be treated in CPU and treated effluent shall be recycled in process. Concentrated spentwash shall be converted to dry powder/granules (potash rich powder/manure)

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 10 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

III. Based on Sugarcane juice/Syrup Table 8: Water Budget for Distillery Unit (based on Sugarcane juice / Syrup)

Waste Water Generation and treatment Reuse / Sr. Water Requirement Consumption/ Details Recovery Wastewater No. (KLD) Losses (KLD) Waste water (KLD) treated in Wastewater Generation CPU 1 30 TPH Boiler 695 10 675 10 10 0 Process Water for 458 114(Spentwash) -- 114 2 715 -- Evaporator fermentation Condensate 143(Spentlees) 143 -- Soft water Cooling Tower 3 220 170 -- 50 50 -- Make Up and sealing 4 DM plant 25 20 -- 5 5 5 Washing water 30 -- -- 30 30 -- 6 ENA 80 80 -- Miscellaneous such as pump 7 40 -- 40 -- - -- and gland cooling etc. 8 Condensate Polishing Unit 238 Total 1805 280 1411 352 238 114 Note: 1*50 TPH boiler @ 45 kg/cm2 shall be installed for the proposed 135 KLPD distillery. Remark: 114 KLD of concentrated spentwash shall be generated after MEE. (Raw spentwash quantity - 572) Note: The consumption/losses and final wastewater generated is amounting (280 + 114) = 394 KLD. Net Water Requirement: 1805 –1411 = 394 KLD Effluent Generation: 352 KLD out of which spentwash - 114 KLD, spentlees – 143 KLD, DM plant wastewater generation-5KLD, fermenter washing waste-30 KLD, boiler blow-down wastewater-10KLD and cooling tower wastewater generation – 50KLD. All the effluent except concentrated spentwash shall be treated in CPU and treated effluent shall be recycled in process. Concentrated spentwash shall be converted to dry powder/granules.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 11 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

IV. Based on Sugarcane Grains Table 9: Water Budget for Distillery Unit (based on Grains)

Water Consumption Reuse / Waste Water Generation and treatment Sr. No. Details Requirement /Losses Recovery Waste water Wastewater treated Wastewater (KLD) (KLD) (KLD) Generation in CPU/MEE 1 30 TPH Boiler 695 10 675 10 10 0 Decanter where 116 MT/day Wet cake & 633 116 2 Process & dilute water 908 110 In MEE 517 m3/day thin slops to MEE 165 165 to MEE -- 3 Cooling water 150 100 -- 50 50 00 4 Washing Requirement 40 40 40 -- 6 DM plant 25 20 -- 5 5 7 ENA 50 50 -- 8 Evaporator Condensate 83 544 55 55 00 9 Condensate Polishing Unit 160 Total 1868 373 1379 958 160 116 Remark: Final Waste generation shall be 116KLD Note: The consumption/losses and final wastewater generated is amounting (373 + 116) = 489 KLD. Net Water Requirement: 1868 –1379 = 489 KLD Effluent Generation: 958 KLD out of which process and dilute wastewater - 798 KLD, DM plant wastewater generation-5KLD, fermenter washing waste-40 KLD, boiler blow-down wastewater-10KLD, MEE wastewater generation-55 and cooling tower wastewater generation – 50KLD. All the effluent except concentrated spentwash shall be treated in CPU and treated effluent shall be recycled in process. Concentrated spentwash shall be converted to dry powder/granules

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 12 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

D) Air Emission Management Bagasse and bio-gas will be used as fuel in 1*200TPH and 1*30 TPH Boilers during season. The bagasse requirement of the proposed unit will be 2115 MT/D and 7000m3/day of bio-gas during season.Coal and bio-gas will be used as fuel for both boilers during off season, the coal requirement at 134MT/day and bio-gas of 16000m3/day will be used in case of shortage of bagasse for distillery boiler during off season. Common stack of 80 meters height and electrostatic precipitator (ESP) as APC equipment will be provided to control the dispersion of pollutants releasing due to combustion of fuel. Table 10 Details of boilers and its APC equipment for existing as well as proposed

Sr. Height in APC Stack attached to Types of Fuel Remark No. meter System Existing

Wet scrubber shall Wet 1 Boiler 2*17.5 TPH Bagasse 45 be abandoned after Scrubber proposed expansion.

Proposed Sugar & Common Stack as 1*200 TPH 1 Cogeneration Bagasse well as common Boiler Common Division ESP ESP shall be Stack of 80 m Boiler 30 Distillery Bagasse, Bio- provided for both 2 TPH Division gas or Coal boilers. E) Solid waste Management a) Non Hazardous solid wastes details Table 11 Details of non-hazardous waste generated and its disposal Sr. Description of Quantity Mode of Collection and Disposal No. waste Bagasse as fuel for both the boilers 1*200 TPH Boilers- 666 MT/M 1. Fly/ Boiler Ash 30 TPH Boiler- 96 MT/M Ash generated shall be used as brick 1*200 TPH Boilers – 166.5 manufacturing within factory premices or 2 Bottom Ash MT/M mixed with pressmud and sold as manure 30 TPH Boiler- 24 MT/M Coal as fuel for 30 TPH Distillery Boiler Fly/ Boiler Ash 482.4 MT/M Ash generated shall be used as brick manufacturing within factory premices or Bottom Ash 120.6 MT/M mixed with pressmud and sold as manure 3. ETP Sludge 300 MT/A ETP Sludge and Pressmud shall be sold 4. Pressmud 320 MT/D as manure. Other Solid Wastes 1. Paper waste 0.01 MT/M Manually collected and stored in a 2. Plastic waste 0.01 MT/M designated area and sold to scrap vendors 3. Municipal Solid waste

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 13 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Sr. Description of Quantity Mode of Collection and Disposal No. waste Manually collected and sold to scrap Non-Biodegradable 3 MT/M vendors Bio-degradable 5 MT/M Used as manure.

The industry is negotiating with fertilizer manufacturers whereby dried spentwash shall be used as potash rich manure; in such an event anaerobic digester shall not be installed. The raw spentwash shall be concentrated in MEE and dried in spray drier. b). Hazardous Waste Table 12 of hazardous waste generated and its disposal

Description of Sr. No. Category Quantity Mode of Collection and Disposal waste Shall be collected in Leak Proof Containers and 1. 5.1 Used Oil 1.01 KL/A utilized as lubricant for bullock carts.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 14 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

3. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS 3.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT Ambient air monitoring was carried out at 8 locations (two inside the factory premise and 6 within study area) 24 hours a day, twice a week at each location over/for a period of three months (December 2019 to February 2020) to determine background concentrations. The Maximum concentrations of each pollutant observed are considered as a background concentration of the respective location, the summary of the results is given below.

1. Particulate Matter (PM10)

The maximum, minimum, average and 98th percentile concentrations for PM10 were recorded in the study area in the range of 39.7 to 72.5μg/ m3. The maximum 98th Percentile concentration is 68.8μg/ m3 were recorded at Vita-Mayni Road -Vita (location -3). The concentrations of PM10 are well below the CPCB standard of 100μg/ m3.

2.Particulate Matter (PM2.5) th The maximum, minimum, average and 98 percentile concentrations for Particulate Matter (PM2.5) monitored in the study area were 21.3– 42.5μg/m3. Highest 98th percentile value is 41.7μg/m3 which was observed at factory near Main Gate (Location-1). The concentration of PM2.5 is well below the prescribed limit of 60μg/m3.

3. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) The Minimum, maximum, average and 98th percentile value of Sulphur dioxide in the study area from the monitored data was in the range of 8.4 – 30.4μg/ m3. Maximum 98th Percentile value of Sulfur dioxide is 3 29.3μg/ m obtained at Devnagar (Location-5). The concentration of SO2 is well below the prescribed limit of 80μg/m3. 4.Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) The Minimum, maximum, average and 98th percentile value of Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) in the study area from the monitored data was in the range of 12.0– 31.2μg/ m3. Maximum 98th Percentile value of Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) is 30.9μg/ m3obtained at Devnagar (Location-5). The concentration of NOx is well below the prescribed limit of 80μg/m3. 5. Carbon Monoxide (CO) The maximum, minimum, average and 98th percentile concentrations for Carbon Monoxide (CO) monitored in the study area were 0.2 – 1.2 mg/m3respectively. Highest 98th Percentile value is 1.2 mg/ m3 was recorded at Vita-Mayni-Road Vita (Location-3). The concentration of CO is well below the prescribed limit of 4 mg/ m3. The ambient air quality monitoring results indicates that the overall air quality in the study area is within permissible standards prescribed by NAAQ Standards.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 15 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

3.1.1 IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY DUE TO PROPOSED ACTIVITY At present there are two boilers of 2*17.5 TPH, whcih shall be abandoned and two boilers of 1*200TPH and 1*30 TPH capacities each out of which for sugar division 1*200 TPH boiler and 1*30 TPH boiler for distillery division shall be installed (i.e. after expansion).Considering taht the all boilers are working at full load conditions, the GLC concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx, areestimated based on aermode 8.0.5model.. Incremental concentrations are worked out for 8 receptor locations, at which ambient air quality monitoring was carried out. Total concentrations are computed considering background (Ambient Air Monitoring) concentrations and incremental concentrations (AERMOD) due to the proposed expansion. Results are compared with the Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS). From the results, it can say that,  At the selected 8 receptor locations, surrounded 10 km radius around Yashwant Sugar & Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal Khanapur, DistSangli, GLCs are well within the limits of AAQS. Results of the Ambient Air monitoring are enclosed in the Annexure II.

 Under the working conditions of 1*200 TPH and 1*30 TPH boilers, PM10GLCs at all the 8 receptor locations are in the range of 53.38μg/m3to72.51μg/m3 which are within the limits of AAQS.

 Similarly, PM2.5 GLCs for those receptors are in the range of 28.35μg/m3to42.54μg/m3 which is within the limits of AAQS.

 For SO2, GLCs are in the range of 19.93μg/m3to31.42μg/m3which is within the limits of AAQS.

 NOx GLCs are in the range of 20.04μg/m3to 31.62μg/m3which is within the limits of AAQS. It can be inferred that there shall not be any adverse effect on Ambient Air Quality due to the proposed expansion/establishment project.

3.2 WATER ENVIRONMENT Water sampling and subsequent analysis was carried out to determine both the groundwater and surface water quality of the study area. Ground water & Surface water samples were collected at 8 locations & 3 locations respectively within study area. These samples were analyzed for physical and chemical parameters to ascertain the Baseline status in the existing surface water and ground water bodies. Table 13 Water Analysis Results Ground water Surface water Desirable Permissible Sr. No Parameters Min Max Min Max IS 10500:2012 Standards 1. pH 6.80 8.10 6.94 7.90 6.5-8.5 No relaxation 2. Dissolved Solids (mg/l) 372 1024 514 614 500 2000 3. Total Hardness (mg/l) 316 595 422 498 200 600 4. Chlorides (mg/l) 78.8 609.2 78.9 162.4 250 1000 5. Fluoride (mg/l) 0.38 0.64 0.44 0.61 1 1.5 6. Sulphates (mg/l) 28 46 26 41 200 400

Ground water and surface water samples were collected and analyzed as per the Standard methods and the water quality of the study area is found within the permissible limits of IS: 10500- 2012.

3.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 16 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

In order to assess the noise levels in the study area, monitoring was carried out at eleven different locations within 10 km radius of the study area.

Daytime Noise Levels (Leq)day Industrial Zone: The day time noise level at the Project site was found in the range of 46.5 – 50.7dB (A), which is well below the permissible limit of 75 dB (A), due to industry is not working state presently. Residential Zone: The daytime noise levels in all the residential locations were observed to be in the range of 43.4 dB (A) to 50.5 dB (A), which is well below the permissible limit of 55 dB (A).

Night time Noise Levels (Leq) night Industrial Zone: The night time noise level in the Project site was observed in the range of 43.8– 46.1 dB (A), which is well below the permissible limit of 70 dB (A), due to industry is not working state presently. Residential Zone: The night time noise levels in all the residential locations were observed to be in the range of 39.7 dB (A) –44.6 dB (A), which is well below the permissible limit of 45 dB (A).

The industry is making all efforts to control the noise levels within the limits by providing acoustic measures and silencer pads etc. all the employees in these work places shallbe provided with ear plugs / muffs.

Table 14 Noise levels of the study area

Sr. Standard Limit dB (A) Station Time No. dB(A) Leq Leq Inside factory premises 75 Day 50.7 1. Factory (Main Gate) 70 Night 45.2 75 Day 47.6 2. Factory (Inside) 70 Night 44.5 75 Day 48.1 3. Factory (Near Quarters) 70 Night 43.8 75 Day 46.5 4. Factory (Near ETP) 70 Night 44.3 75 Day 47.5 5. Factory (Near Canteen) 70 Night 46.1 Outside factory (within study area) 55 Day 50.5 1. Vita mayni Road-Vita 45 Night 44.6 55 Day 43.4 2. Wasumbe 45 Night 40.8

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 17 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Sr. Standard Limit dB (A) Station Time No. dB(A) Leq Leq 55 Day 48.3 3. Devnagar 45 Night 42.1 55 Day 47.2 4. Salshinge 45 Night 40.6 55 Day 44.3 5. Kanharwadi 45 Night 39.7 55 Day 45.4 6. BhikawadiKhurd 45 Night 41.2 3.4 SOIL ENVIRONMENT

The soil monitoring was carried out at 8 locations in the study area, and analyzed for chemical and physical characteristics; the summary of the results is as under

 Soil in the area is mainly clayey in nature hence good water holding capacity.  The finding of the study reveals that pH of soil in the range of 7.12to 8.12, which is an indicative of the neutral to slightly alkaline soil.  The values for Nitrogen at all locations varied between 212 to 314 kg/ha. Maximum concentration of nitrogen was observed at location S-5.  The concentration of phosphorus was estimated to be between 40 to 56 kg/ha. The highest concentration can be observed at location S-6, while the lowest concentration can be observed at location S-8.  It is important to note that the concentration of potassium was found to be high at all locations ranging between 298to 496 kg/ha. Based on the above findings it can be concluded that the soil samples can be classified as per soil classification given by Tondon H.L.S. (2005). The samples fall under medium to high fertile soils.

3.5 LAND USE/LAND COVER OF THE STUDY AREA Table 15 Change in General Land use/ Land cover of Study Area (2008 to 2017)

Area in km2 % of Study Area Landuse 2011 2017 2011 2017 Water Bodies 1.83 4.20 0.46 1.05 Settlement 23.02 28.40 5.76 7.10 Open Scrub 72.61 52.57 18.15 13.14 Agriculture 137.35 160.19 34.34 40.05 Barren Land 129.40 115.24 32.35 28.81 Grazing 35.71 39.38 8.93 9.85 Total 399.93 399.98 100.00 100.00

 In the year 2011 water body area is about 1.83 km2, whereas in the year 2017 is increased and it is 4.20km2.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 18 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

 It can be inferred that there is an increase in area of 8.54 % under water body,settlement, agricultural and grazing land whereas a decrease in area under open scruband barren land is 8.54%.  Increase in water body due to Tembhu Lift Irrigation Project.  Increase in agricultural land due to improved irrigation facilities like drip/trickle irrigation instead of surface and subsurface irrigation techniques. Therefore barren land is converted into agricultural land.  Increase in settlement due to an increase in industrial growth and migration of the people. 3.6: ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY  The existing biodiversity in the study area was observed to be very low mainly due to the semi-rural and agrarian setting of the location. The project doesn‘t involve any clearance of trees as the project is expansion of existing facility and well connected to major and minor roads.  Shannon Weiner Diversity Index of the core zone was 0.656 and buffer zone was 0.662 for herbs. The diversity of the location was found to be low as the herbs seen the region are mainly seasonal and are prevalent mainly during the wet season.  All waste management practices should be identified and implemented right from the construction phase of the project and should be upgraded during the operational phase. The up gradation should be periodic and in match with improving technologies.  A robust forestation and biodiversity plan should be formulated and practiced with a continuous check on its efficacy.  The project activities should be carried out only after considering all possible secondary and tertiary impacts on the environment and mitigation measures should be incorporated such as to reduce any possibility of impact on the existing environment. 3.7 DEMOGRAPHIC OR SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE The project has a positive response from the public. The willingness to pay and the willingness to accept the project has positive an outcome. The ratio between this is around 1:10. It means the benefits are ten times greater than the loss. The losses due to the polluting agents are proposed to be diluted through various methods. The wastes and the pollutions can be reducing with some measures as suggested in the report. The social and cultural vulnerability index responds a very less and level of resilience is at the higher side. The sustained high growth rates and poverty reduction, however, can be realized only when the sources of growth are expanding, and an increasing share of the labourforce is included in the growth process in an efficient way. From a static point of view, growth associated with progressive distributional changes will have a greater impact in reducing poverty than growth which leaves distribution unchanged. This is in fact expresses the inclusive growth of the region. 4.0 IDENTIFICATION, PREDICTION AND MITIGATION MEASURES Approx. 360 nos. of labours shall be employed during installation phase for the project which includes installing new machinery and units of the plant.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 19 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 16 Anticipated environment impacts its effect and mitigation measures during construction phase

Sr. No. Impacts Effects Mitigation Measures All the internal Roads are tar felted Dust 1 Dust Respiratory diseases separation sprinkling water, use machinery meeting Provide acoustic measures and silencer pads to Impairing, Hearing, reduce noise level. 2 Noise Fatigue related Health Provide personal protective equipment to the issues workers. Utilize the existing infrastructures and adopt Reduction of vacant 3 Land vertical expansion and maximize the operation land schedules. 4 Top soil Loss of fertility Utilize for Green belt development. Additional water is Minimize the water requirements by adopting 5 Water required for construction mechanical mixing and Drinking water in Bottles activities and Drinking instead of Taps. Improper disposal of waste water leads to Domestic wastewater shall be treated in STP and 6 Wastewater contamination of water treated wastewater shall be used for gardening. sources and soil The anticipated impacts during operational phase due to the proposed activity on air, water, soil, noise, ecology and biodiversity, and socio-economic environment are assessed and mitigation measures to minimize the impacts on the same are suggested in Chapter 4 in this report. 5.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE (TECHNOLOGY AND SITE) 5.1 Analysis of alternative site

YSPPL has existing sugar factory of 2500 TCD. The command area is rich in sugarcane cultivation and has excellent irrigation facilities. Also the other location features are

 Required land is available at the project site and is owned by YSPPL  The site is easily accessible by Road.  The cane potential and irrigation facilities in the command area are adequate and will ensure sustained cane availability for the proposed project with the extensive experience of farmers in sugar cane cultivation.  The season & off season fuel requirements for the conventional boiler can be easily met by own bagasse or in case of shortage of bagasse during of season coal shall be imported for 1*30 TPH distillery boiler.  The evacuation of exportable surplus power from the co-gen plant will have to be made through the substation (110 kV) Mayani Substation, 10 Km fromsite.

Infrastructure:  The site has easy access to latest communication and other social infrastructure facilities, including telecommunication, schools and colleges, medical & health facilities, commercial infrastructure, etc. at Khanapur, which is a Tehsil Headquarter.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 20 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

 Environment-friendly zone as the habitation is remote and surrounded by Agricultural activities

In view of the above positive features of the existing site no alternative site is considered.

5.2 Analysis of alternative technology

It is proposed to adopt anaerobic digestion followed by concentration in MEE followed by drying in in order to make the valuable by-product from spentwash treatment.

For sugar unit the expansion may be incorporated in existing sugar mill by providing additional, Milling Tandem. At present the industry taken steam from existing 2*17.5 TPH low pressure boilers. It is proposed to demolish the existing low pressure boilers and add 1*200 TPH boiler and 1*30 TPH boiler for distillery in order to reduce the bagasseand steam requirement for the process. It is proposed to establish 40MW bagasse based co-generation power plant which will fulfill the power and stem requirement of proposed unit and excess power will be supplied to the state electricity grids.

6.0 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAMME

Table 17 Environment management progrmme

Frequency of Sr.No Item Parameters Location Monitoring 5 Locations Ambient Air 1 @ Upwind and 2@ quality at downwind directions appropriate 24 hourly, 1. PM , PM , SO andNO from stack @ 1200 to location for PM , 10 2.5 2, x Quarterly 10 each other PM , 2.5 Near entry and exit SO andNO , 2, x gates Stationary Emission from 1 DG set Stack, 2. PM, SO , NOx Monthly Stack 2 2 Boiler Stack

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 21 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Frequency of Sr.No Item Parameters Location Monitoring testing/analysis to Phosphorous, Potassium, Composite sample check the soil moisture, Permeability, shall be taken at each fertility,) Conductivity, Texture & location structure, Organic carbon Solid waste generation 6. Manual record keeping To be updated daily monitoring / Record Keeping Type of species shall be decided based on soil & climatic conditions. The Greenbelt and number of trees would be 7 plantation Six Monthly 1500 per hectare, however; monitoring the number of trees would vary depending on the type of soil Maintain the data of raw materials consumption, steam consumption, vehicle Carbon and Water frequency for transport of 8 foot Print Daily and Monthly raw materials, effluent Monitoring generation, air emissions, hazardous waste generation, and raw material recovery 7.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1: RISK ASSESSMENT

HAZOP and Quantitative Risk Assessment studies are carried out for each product;disaster management plan, onsite and offsite emergency plan are prepared and given in Chapter 7 of the EIA Report

Consequence Analysis of Ethanol due to StorageFacility.

Scenario of Ethanol in different forms

SITE DATA:

Location: YASHWANT SUGAR & POWER PVT., INDIA

Building Air Exchanges Per Hour: 0.59 (unsheltered single storied)

Time: October 17, 2020 15.13 hours ST (using computer's clock)

CHEMICAL DATA:

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 22 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Chemical Name: ETHANOL

CAS Number: 64-17-5 Molecular Weight: 46.07 g/mol

ERPG-1: 1800 ppm ERPG-2: 3300 ppm ERPG-3: N/A

IDLH: 3300 ppm LEL: 33000 ppm UEL: 190000 ppm

Ambient Boiling Point: 77.7° C

Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 0.088 atm

Ambient Saturation Concentration: 89,952 ppm or 9.00%

ATMOSPHERIC DATA: (MANUAL INPUT OF DATA)

Wind: 3 meters/second from 269° true at 10 meters

Ground Roughness: open country Cloud Cover: 5 tenths

Air Temperature: 27° C Stability Class: C

No Inversion Height Relative Humidity: 50%

SOURCE STRENGTH:

Leak from hole in vertical cylindrical tank

Flammable chemical escaping from tank (not burning)

Tank Diameter: 16 meters Tank Length: 15 meters

Tank Volume: 3,016 cubic meters

Tank contains liquid Internal Temperature: 27° C

Chemical Mass in Tank: 1955 tons Tank is 75% full

Circular Opening Diameter: 2 inches

Opening is 10 centimeters from tank bottom

Ground Type: Concrete

Ground Temperature: equal to ambient

Max Puddle Diameter: Unknown

Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour

Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 39.7 kilograms/min

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 23 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

( averaged over a minute or more)

Total Amount Released: 1,500 kilograms

Note: The chemical escaped as a liquid and formed an evaporating puddle.

The puddle spread to a diameter of 36 meters.

Type of Tank Failure: BLEVE tank explodes and chemical burns in afire ball

Potential hazards from BLEVE:

 Thermal radiation from fireball and poolfire  Hazards fragments and blast force from explosion  Downwind toxic effects of fireby-products

BLEVE/Fire ball Scenario: The higher the internal tank pressure/temperature at the time of tank failure, the larger the fire ball. Any liquid not consumed by the fire ball will form a pool fire.

SOURCE STRENGTH:

BLEVE of flammable liquid in vertical cylindrical tank

Tank Diameter: 16 meters Tank Length: 15 meters

Tank Volume: 3,016 cubic meters

Tank contains liquid

Internal Storage Temperature: 27° C

Chemical Mass in Tank: 1,955 tons Tank is 75% full

Percentage of Tank Mass in Fireball: 100%

Fireball Diameter: 702 meters Burn Duration: 33 seconds

THREAT ZONE:

Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from fireball

Red : 1.1 kilometers --- (10.0 kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60 sec)

Orange: 1.6 kilometers --- (5.0 kW/(sq m) = 2nd degree burns within 60 sec)

Yellow: 2.5 kilometers --- (2.0 kW/(sq m) = pain within 60 sec)

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 24 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 25 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Conclusions

When tank explodes and ethanol in a fireball due to BLEVE;

The thermal radiation for the Ethanol tank confined to the maximum at 1 km that means the thermal radiation intensity of 10kW/m2 is potentially lethal within 60 seconds. Similarly, the other threat zone of 5.0 kW/m2 causes 2nd degree burns within 60 seconds at 1.6 km and the rest is 2.0 kW/m2 subjected to within the unit at 2.5 km, which causes pain within 60 seconds Project proponent will implement all preventive measures to tackle all type of emergencies arising out of operation or malfunction of individual unit‘s. The required resources for Onsite and Offsite emergency management plan will be properly planned and provided to implement the plan effectively. The factory shall give highest priority towards Health and safety of the employees and people residing nearby areas. Management shall conduct the training to the nearby villagers to appraise them about their role during emergency. All nearby people shall be given training on do‘s and don‘ts during emergency situation. Unfortunately, if there is any emergency onsite of offsite, it will be tackled effectively due to availability of required resources at the site. Similarly, all the concern staff and members of the Teams shall be trained appropriately to tackle the emergencies in the plant. By knowing the type of emergency situation that may arise during operation of the plant, appropriate control measures will be implemented to reduce the gravity of the emergencies. Similarly, to avoid the emergency situation, all required mitigation measures will be implemented as recommended.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 26 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

8.0 BUDGETARY PROVISIONS TOWARDS ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN:

The costs involved in environmental monitoring and management to mitigate the adverse effects will be put on account for the proposed project. The capital cost for the EMP will be Rs. 3400 Lakhs. And recurring cost will be Rs. 275 Lakhs. The detailed EMP budget is given in table below

Table 18 EMP Budget

Capital Recurring Sr. Component Particulars Investment(I Investment No. n Lakhs) (In Lakhs) Construction of new common Stack for boilers 1. Air 700 60 and ESP  Upgradation of ETP  Sugar and distillery CPU 2. Water 2570 150  MEE & Drier for Distillery Spentwash treatment 3. Noise Acoustic enclosures, Silencer pads, ear plugs etc 20 5 Quarterly Environment Monitoring (Per Year) Ambient air PM , PM , SO , NOx Environment monitoring 10 2.5 2 monitoring 4. -- 20 and Boiler & DG Set TPM, SO , NOx Management Monitoring 2 Effluent (Treated pH, COD, BOD, TSS, TDS, &Untreated) Oil & Grease Glares, Breathing Masks, Gloves, Boots, Helmets, Occupational 5. Ear Plugs etc. & annual health-medical checkup of 20 5 Health workers, Occupational Health (training, OH center) Green belt development activity 10 6. Greenbelt Maintenance of green belt -- 5 Solid Waste 7. Managemen Solid Waste Management 60 20 t Rain water 8. Rain water harvesting 20 5 harvesting Maintain the data of raw materials consumption, Carbon and steam consumption, vehicle frequency for transport 9. Water Foot of raw materials, effluent generation, air emissions, -- 5 Print hazardous waste generation, and raw material recovery TOTAL COST (INR, LAKHS) 3400 275 9.0 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY PLAN The capital cost of the proposed expansion project is Rs. 350 Crores. The industry has reserved Rs. 2.625 Crores (0.75 % of the cost of the project as per Office Memorandum Vide F. No. 22-65/2017-IA.III Dated

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 27 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

01.05.2018) which will be spent on the activities like sanitation and health, education, and educational facilities as a cost towards corporate environment responsibility (CER). 10.0 RAINWATER AND STORMWATER HARVESTING PLAN The industry is making efforts to conserve natural resources by adopting green technologies and as such industry proposes to adopt rain water harvesting system. With the annual rainfall of 581 mm there is good potential to harvest rainwater. The rainwater harvesting system is installed at various buildings and about 5246.87 m3 per year water is harvested. This harvested water shall be utilized for ground water recharge in order to increase the ground water table in the surrounding area Storm water management system is also adopted by the industry. Separate drains of minimum 0.45 m * 0.6 m are provided for the collection and disposal of storm water from the industry premises. 11 CONCLUSIONS As the industry has provided all the necessary pollution control measures for water, Air and Solid and hazardous waste disposal, the negative impacts on the environment would be minimal/negligible. The expansion programme would help the farmers to crush their produce in time which would help to minimize the loss of sugarcane tonnage and yield maximum financial benefits.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 28 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Preamble Yashwant Sugar and Power Private Limited (YSPPL) is a registered company in the state of Maharashtra under the Companies Act, 1956 on 19th June 2012 Vide Registration Number U15422PN2012PTC143740.

Considering the Sugarcane cultivation potential and the availability of sugarcane in the command area YSPPL proposes to expand its sugarcane crushing capacity from 2500 TCD to 8000 TCD. In order to meet the requirements of steam and power the industry propose to establish 40 MW Co-generation power plant. The industry also proposes to establish 110 KLPD distillery to consume the available molasses from its own sugar unit and utilize sugarcane juice/syrup/grains for the production of 110 KLPD RS/110 KLPD ENA/105 KLPD Ethanol. In the command area, the availability of Grains is also abundant and as such Grains based distillery unit is also proposed of the same capacity of 110 KLPD for production of 110 KLPD RS/110 KLPD ENA/105 KLPDEthanol as per demand.

The effluent from the Sugar unit and Co-generation power plant shall be treated based on primary and secondary treatment and disposed on land for irrigation. Condensates from Sugar and Distillery unit shall be treated in CPU and recycled in to process. Distillery effluent (i.e. Spentwash) shall be treated based on Anaerobic Digestion followed by Concentration in MEE followed by drying in order to make valuable by-product (i.e. Potash rich manure) and to achieve Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD).

The proposed distillery envisages to utilize own Cane Juice/ syrup/‘‘C‖/‖B‖ Heavy Molasses during season & off-season depending on the market demand and availability of raw materials it is also proposed use grains for production of Rectified Spirit/ENA/Ethanol. The command area of the proposed sugar mill has adequate irrigation facilities, potential for sustained cane supply to the proposed expansion.

Presently, in India, storage of Cane Syrup has not been practiced yet. However, this storage technique is practiced abroad with some success. The industry proposes utilize cane syrup as raw material after the successful trials in India.

The aggregated capital investment for the proposed 8000 TCD cane crushing plant, 40 MW Cogeneration power Plant and 110 KLPD Distillery has been estimated at Rs. 350 Crores.

The promoters have extensively and carefully analyzed the present and future scenario of Distillery products using different raw materials. They have also studied carefully the present irrigation facilities and surplus cane availability, as well as future potential of irrigation and additional cane availability.

1.2. Purpose of the report As per EIA Notification 2006, and amendments thereof, the products proposed by the industry are as per Sr. No. 5(g) molasses/ non molasses based raw materials for production of RS/ENA and Ethanol of more

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 29 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP than 100 KLPD and 5(j) sugar unit with Co-generation Power plant is classified as Category A Project and will be appraised by Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) of Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF &CC), New Delhi. The purpose of the EIA report is to provide a coherent statement of the potential impacts of the proposed project and the measures that should be taken to establish the impacts and suggest mitigation measures.

Table 1-1 Details of the project

Sr. No Details Description 1 Nature Manufacturing Plot Area: 36.55 Hectares, Existing and proposed manufacturing 2 Size capacities of the unit is given in Table 1.4 3 Location A/P Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli, Maharashtra- 416312 4 Cost of the project Rs. 350 Crore. The ToRs were issued by the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) New Delhi, for the Preparation of EIA/EMP Report. The draft EIA Report is prepared in accordance with the standard TORs issued by the MoEF&CC dated 9th December 2020. This report furnishes the details of location of Site, description of the project, prevailing baseline status w.r.t Air, Water, Noise , Land, Flora & Fauna and Socio-economic environment. This report also helps in identification of environmental impacts and mitigation measures during Construction and Operation of the project as part of Environmental Management Plan. This report also acts as guidance manual for the proponent for implementing the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and post project Environmental Monitoring Program as per statutory norms.

1.3. Identification of project & project proponent 1.3.1. Identification of the project: Table 1-2 Highlights of the project Yashwant Sugar and Power Private Limited Registered office Plot No. 350, Vasantdada Market Yard, Sangli, Maharashtra- Name and address of the 416415 : factory site Factory site address A/P Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli, Maharashtra- 415311 Email: [email protected] Contact: 0233-2950009 Constitution and Type : Private Limited Company Products : Sugar, 40 MW Power, RS/ENA/Ethanol Installed Capacity : Sugar : 8000 TCD 40 MW Co-generation Power Plant : Export 25.5 MW in Season Distillery (RS/ENA/Ethanol) : RS -110 KLPD orENA- 110KLPD orEthanol – 105KLPD

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 30 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

1.3.2. Project Proponents: This enterprise is a legal private entity. The project proponents are known for their track records of honest and transparent businesses. The company is well aware about energy crises and takes various steps for conservations of energy. This industry is committed to prevent pollution, continually improve environmental performance, comply with environmental legislation and regulations, health care etc. reducing the spillages and fugitive pollution emissions, conserving energy and other resources with waste minimizations. List of Board of Directors is detailed below

Table 1-3 List of Board of Directors

Sr. No Name Designation 1. Mr. Sachin Prakash Zele Director 2. Mr. Abhinandan Raosaheb Patil Director 1.4. Brief description of the project 1.4.1. Nature of Project: YSPPLis an agro-based company focused on sugar and allied by-products. The proposed sugar complext will be established in the existing premises of YSPPLof having 36.55 hectares of land, which is adequate for the proposed expansion.

The project is placed under item no 5(j) - Sugar and 5(g)- Distillery and classified as Category A project as per the EIA Notification 2006 and amendments made there on. 1.4.2. Size of the project Following is the existing and proposed configuration of the project

Table 1-4 Size of Operation (Existing and Proposed)

Sr. Existing Proposed Description Unit Total Remark no. Capacity Capacity 1. Sugar Unit TCD 2500 5500 8000 2 Co-generation Power MW 0 40 40 3. Distillery Unit KLPD 0 110 110 Rectified Spirit or 110 110 Only one Extra Neutral Alcohol or KLPD 105 105 product at Ethanol 105 105 a time 1.4.3. Location: There are no sensitive, historical, forest reserves and wildlife sanctuaries etc within 10 Km radius of the factory site. The location is at Nagewadi, Taluka Khanapur, District Sangli, Maharashtra State, on Vita- Mayani Road, which are 0.5 km from the site and 40 Kms from NH-04. The longitude are 74°31'35.56"E and latitude 17°20'10.83"N. The MSL is 692 meters.

The Project Site is conveniently located for development of the Project.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 31 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

1.4.4. Employment Generation (Direct & Indirect) due to the project The skilled manpower required for operation of Sugar, Cogeneration and distillery will be easily available from Sangli. YSPPL will require 360 people for proposed project. It is most essential for YSPPL to define the organization structure for the proposed project. YSPPL is in a process of appointing required manpower and has already appointed key top management positions for the purpose. It is most essential that the experienced and well- qualified manpower is employed right from the project development / implementation period, through advertisement or through head hunting exercise, particularly for the top and key positions. Manpower training and skill up-gradation must become an integral part of the HRD policy.

1.4.5. Importance to the Country and Region The sugar industry is one of the major agro-based industries. India being the largest Sugarcane growing country after Brazil, the industry may surpass even Brazil and may stand as the largest producer of sugar and allied products. The major stakeholder of this sector is the farmer, and it is estimated around 45 millions of people in India are sugarcane growers. Sugarcane availability, agro-climatic conditions and the cost of conversion and overheads etc. are the major deciding factors for fixing the crushing capacity of a sugar plant. As there is excess cane available in the command area, industry shall have to make efforts for the timely crushing of sugarcane of not only of its shareholders but also the entire farmer community in the command area. Incidentally, the economic viability would also improve not only by producing Sugar/RS/ENA/Ethanol but also to generate power which can be exported to the state grid. The additional financial benefit can result in higher cane price. Besides the direct benefit, the establishment would help to crush sugarcane in time so that high recovery due to timely crushing would further improve the economy of the industry and in turn to farmers.

Co-generation power projects have now proven to be highly successful in sugar industry. Integration of sugar mill operations with value added by-products such as Ethanol/RS/ENA would further improve the economy of the industry.

India is the fourth largest producer of ethanol in the world and the second largest in Asia. Most of the Indian distilleries use sugarcane molasses as raw material. The demand for potable alcohol has been ever increasing with more liberal attitude of ethanol blending with petrol/motor fuel. The requirement of ethanol/ industrial alcohol has increased manifold. If 5 % blending is made mandatory all over the country, the sugar factory molasses availability in the country may not be adequate for meeting the total requirement of ethanol including its use for potable liquors and other industrial uses. However, the notification no.G.S.R.705(E) dated 27th October, 2004, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India, mandates that 5% ethanol-blended petrol (E5), conforming to Bureau of Indian Standards specifications which may grow to 20%. The sugarcane farmers in the region and state will be directly benefitted by assuring stability of sugar industries, reasonable return for the molasses and then passing a significant part of the same to farmers. Fuel ethanol is able to save valuable foreign exchange on import of fossil fuel. Apart from its use for beverages, medicinal, pharmaceutical and flavoring, alcohol constitutes the feedstock for large number of organic chemicals, which are used in manufacturing a wide variety of intermediates, drugs, rubber, pesticides, solvents etc.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 32 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

1.5. Scope of the study The scope of the study includes a detailed characterization of the environment in the project area of 10 km. radius of the project site for various environmental parameters like air, water, noise, land, biological and social-economic aspects. The EIA Report is prepared incorporating the compliance of the TORs No. IA-J-11011/305/2020-IA-II(I), dated 9th December 2020.

1.5.1. Objectives of the study  To define the processes associated with the proposed expansionprogram.  To establish present environmentalscenario of the study area.  To assess the possible impacts on existing environment, and also define all the possible measures to mitigate / reduce the adverse impacts on the surroundingenvironment.  To delineate post project environmental quality, monitoring and mitigation measures, if any, to be pursued by the applicant to safeguard theenvironment. 1.5.2. Present environmentscenario This study involves assessment of presentenvironmentand ecology, floraandfauna, climate, landuse, socio-economic condition of the area, monitoring of atmospheric pollutants like air, water, noise and meteorological parameters. Studies in this respect were carried out in core zone (i.e. project area) as well as in buffer zone (area covering 5 to 10 km radius from theproject).

1.5.3. Assessment of environmentalimpacts In order to predict the expected impact of processes and activities of the project on various environmental factors, a detailed study of interrelationship of project activities and environmental factors has been carried out.

1.5.4. Socio-economicassessment This Study Report covers Population, Gender Ratio, Rural & Semi-Urban Demographic Distribution, Literacy Rate and Social Amenities available in the study Area like, Transport, Sanitation, Drinking Water, Medical & Health Facilities, Employment Rate and other Developmental Indices of Villages falling within the 10 Km radius of the Proposed Project site.

1.5.5. Regulatoryframework The MoEF&CC, CPCB and SPCBs together form the regulatory and administrative core of the sector. Legislation for environmental protection in India for Sugar, Co-gen and Distillery industry is mainly EIA Notification- 2006, Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act -1974, Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution), Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016, amended time to time etc are major Act/rules/notification applicable toindustry.

1.5.5.1. Regulatory scoping Obtaining Consent for Establishment & Consent for Operation from the State Pollution ControlBoard.

1.5.6. Legal Policy and InstitutionalFrameworks

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 33 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

The principal environmental regulatory authority is the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climatic Change (MoEF&CC), New Delhi which formulates environmental policies and accords environmental clearances for different projects. Table 1.5highlights the relevant environmental legislations applicable to this project.

Table 1-5Applicability of legal policies to the project Applicability Sr. Coordinating Legal frame work Objectives of the policy to the No authority project Environmental Legality Water (Prevention and Prohibits the discharge of pollutants into 1 Control of pollution) SPCB water bodies beyond a given standard, and Applicable Act,1974 lays down penalties fornon-compliance Air (Prevention and Provides means for the control and abatement 2 Control of Pollution) SPCB Applicable of air pollution. Act, 1981 The Air (Prevention and Defined the procedures for conducting 3 Control of Pollution) SPCB meetings of the boards, the powers of the Applicable Rules, 1982 presiding officers, decision-making etc An act to provide for public liability insurance for the purpose of providing Public Liability Director of immediate relief to the persons affected by 4 Applicable Insurance Act, 1991 Factories accident occurring while handling any hazardous substance and for matters connected herewith or incidental thereto Environment (Protection) Ensure that appropriate measures are taken to 5 Act,1986(EPA)as (MoEF&CC) conserve and protect the Environment before Applicable aamended in May 1994 commencement of operations. (Schedule-I) Under its ambit, 32 types of industries are Environmental Impact liable to opt for Environmental clearance 6 Assessment Notification MoEF&CC Applicable fromMoEF&CC by providing adequate EIA no. S.O. 1533 report Lay down the procedures for setting The Environment 7 CPCB standards of emission or discharge of Applicable (Protection) Rules, 1986 environmental pollutants The Hazardous Wastes management Procedure for inventory, control, handling (Management and and disposal of hazardous waste. Provide for 8 SPCB Applicable Handling) Rules, setting up of disposal sites/landfill sites 1989and amended in design,operation and closure 2016

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 34 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Applicability Sr. Coordinating Legal frame work Objectives of the policy to the No authority project Solid Procedure for management and handling of 9 WasteManagement SPCB Applicable solid wastes. Rules, 2016 Batteries (Management and Handling) To ensure that the used batteries are collected 10 SPCB Applicable Amendment Rules, back as per the schedule against new batteries 2010 Procedure to recovery/and/or reuse of useful E- Waste (Management 11 SPCB material from wasteelectrical and electronic Applicable Rules), 2016 equipment

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 35 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1. Type of project

The project involves expansion of sugarcane crushing capacity from 2500 TCD to 8000 TCD and establishment of 40 MW Co-generation power plant and 110 KLPD Distilleryto produce 110 KLPD rectified spirit/ 110 KLPD extra neutral alcohol/ 105 KLPD ethanol based on ‗B‘/‘C‘ heavy molasses/sugarcane juice/syrup/grains.

2.2. Need for the project The sugar industry is one of the major agro-based industry. India being the largest Sugarcane growing country after Brazil, the industry may surpass even Brazil and may stand as the largest producer of sugar and allied products. The major stakeholder of this sector is the farmer, and it is estimated around 45 millions of people in India are sugarcane growers. Sugarcane availability, agro-climatic conditions and the cost of conversion and overheads etc. are the major deciding factors for fixing the crushing capacity of a sugar plant. As there is excess cane available in the command area, industry shall have to make efforts for the timely crushing of sugarcane of not only of its shareholders but also the entire farmer community in the command area. Incidentally, the economic viability would also improve not only by producing Sugar/RS/ENA/Ethanol but also to generate power which can be exported to the state grid. The additional financial benefit can result in higher cane price. Besides the direct benefit, the establishment would help to crush sugarcane in time so that high recovery due to timely crushing would further improve the economy of the industry and in turn to farmers.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 36 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

2.2.1. Demand – Supply Gap Sugarcane availability in the command area of YSPPL surpasses the existing crushing capacity due to the availability of adequate amount of water by the courtesy of River Yerala, River Bhagyganga and Bagyanagar Lake. Also, Sugar, Alcohol and Power are having high demand and monetary value as well. Hence, the efforts to supplement to the demands of society are necessary in order to achieve profitability.

There are three main uses of ethanol in India. Of the total available ethanol, the maximum about 45 percent is used to produce potable liquor, about 40 percent is used in the alcohol- based chemical industry (as a solvent in synthesis of other organic chemicals) and the rest is used for blending with petrol and other purposes. The demand for ethanol has been continually increasing on account of the growth of user industries and use of ethanol as a fuel in the country. However, the production and availability of ethanol has largely lagged behind. India is the fourth largest producer of ethanol in the world after Brazil, the United States of America (USA) and China, producing approximately 2000 million litres of ethanol, mainly by fermentation of sugarcane molasses. However, the amount of ethanol currently produced in India is not sufficient to meet domestic demand. In the year 2008-09, there was a huge unmet demand from the industrial sector, which was met by imports. Moreover, the current government policy of blending ethanol in petrol has targeted a demand of around 266 Crore litres and would go further ahead in coming years. Currently only 120 Crore is blended. This has created a demand of 150 Crore litres which would be a prime target of the industry. 2.3. Location Following are the coordinates of the project site:

Table 2-1 Co-ordinates of the plant site Point Latitude Longitude A 17°20'18.33"N 74°31'23.93"E B 17°20'29.19"N 74°31'25.98"E C 17°20'24.80"N 74°31'32.47"E D 17°20'9.35"N 74°31'53.17"E E 17°20'0.11"N 74°31'47.31"E F 17°19'56.08"N 74°31'34.67"E G 17°20'0.85"N 74°31'35.20"E H 17°20'3.87"N 74°31'29.33"E 2.3.1. Environment setting near the project site Table 2-2 Location features

Sr. No. Features Description Directions w.r.t. site 1. Latitude Latitude: 17°20'10.83"N 2. Longitude Longitude: 74°31'35.56"E 3. Elevation above MSL 692 m 4. Nearest highway NH 4 (40 km) WSW 5. Nearest railway station Karad (40 Km) WSW 6. Nearest air port Kolhapur (80 Km) SSW

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 37 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Sr. No. Features Description Directions w.r.t. site 7. Nearest town Vita (7 km) SSE 8. Nearest human settlement Nagewadi. (2 km) NW 9. Nearest port Jawaharlal Nehru Port (250 km) NW 10. Nearest water body Bhagyanagar lake (3.5 Km) NE 11. Protected Area None within 10 km 12. Reserved Forests None within 10 km 13. Wildlife Sanctuary None within 10 km

14. Archeological site None within 10 km 15. State boundary None within 10 km 16. Defense installations None within 10 km 17. Average Rainfall 600 mm

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 38 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 2-1 Map showing General Location of the factory site

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 39 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 2-2 Specific Location and Project Boundaries

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 40 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 2-3 Layout Map

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 41 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 2-4 Toposheet Map (Survey of India)

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 42 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 2-5 Site photographs

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 43 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

2.4. Size or magnitude of operation The configuration of the industry after the proposed expansion will be as under

Table 2-3 Size or Magnitude of project Sr. Particulars Status No. Agro-based manufacturing industry 1. Product Type (Sugar, Cogeneration power plant and Distillery) 2. Project Type Expansion (Fresh EC) 3. Schedule 5(g), 5(j) 4. Project Category A Manpower 5. 360 requirment Total Area in % of Total Sr. No. Description Ha Area 1 Total Built-Up Area 2.05 5.61 2 Green Belt Area 13.4 36.66 6. Area Statement 3 Area Under Utility 3.77 10.32 4 Parking Area 5.59 15.29 5 Area Under Road 3.75 10.26 6 Open Space Area 7.99 21.86 Total Plot Area 36.55 100

Sr. Existing Proposed Description Unit Total Remark No. Capacity Capacity 1. Sugar Unit TCD 2500 5500 8000 Co-generation 2 MW 0 40 40 Power 7. Production details 3. Distillery Unit KLPD 0 110 110 Rectified Spirit 110 110 Only or one Extra Neutral KLPD 105 105 product Alcohol or at a time Ethanol 105 105

8. Project cost Rs. 350 Crores 9. EMP Cost Rs.3400 Lakhs Power Sr. Unit Requirement Source No. (MW) 10. Power Requirement 1. Sugar Unit 8.0 Own 40 MW Co- Co-generation generation Power Plant 2. 4.0 Power Plant and 30 TPH distillery 3. Distillery Unit 2.5 boiler.

Sr. No Particulars Quantity (KLD) 1. Domestic 100 11. Water Requirement 2. Sugar unit 0 3. Co-generation power plant 0

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 44 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Sr. Particulars Status No. 4. Distillery 0 Total 100 Note: 1) All the excess condensate and treated effluent shall be recycled into process. 2) Saved water from sugar unit shall be used for distillery operation dusring season and remaining shall be stored .

2.5. Proposed schedule for approval and implementation The expansion project shall be implemented after the receipt of the Environment Clearance, ―Consent to Operate‖ from the SPCB

The completion period of the proposed project is as tabulated below. Table 2-4 Schedule for approval and implementation Sr. Description Time Period Cost in % No Obtaining all statutory permission with 1. respect to factory inclusive of processing 6 Months 20% fees, plot development fees etc 2. Design and Engineering Plan 4 Months 10% 3. Factory Set Up 10 Months 60% 4. Testing and commissioning 2 Months 5% 5. Actual Start of the work 2 Months 5% The project activities shall be complted within 2 years after the receipt of the Environment Clearance. 2.6. Technology and process description SGZ & SGA Sugars (JV) Ltd. intends to expand its sugarcane crushing capacity from 2500 TCD to 8000 TCD, establishment of 40 MW co-generation power plant and 110 KLPD distillery to produce 110 KLPD RS/110 KLPD ENA/105 KLPD Ethanol.

2.6.1. Raw material availability and its source Table 2-5 Raw materials and its sources

Quantity ( TPD) S.no Raw material Source Method of transport Existing Expansion Total Sugar plant: By trucks, tractors& 1 Sugar Cane Local area 2500 5500 8000 bullock carts Through covered trucks 2 Lime Open market 3.96 8.71 12.67 by Road Through covered trucks 3 Sulphur Open market 1.11 2.44 3.55 by Road Through covered trucks 4 Phosphoric Acid Open market 0.094 0.206 0.30 by Road

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 45 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Quantity ( TPD) S.no Raw material Source Method of transport Existing Expansion Total Co-gen power plant : 1 Fuel From Sugar Bagasse -- 1850 1850 Conveyor plant Distillery : ‗C‘ Molasses 407.4 407.4 Or Or Or ‗B‘ Heavy Molasses 333.33 333.33 Or From Sugar Or Or Through Closed Sugar Juice plant 1 -- 1641.8 1641.8 Pipeline/Tanker/ Or Or Or Or Conveyer Sugar Syrup Local area 343.75 343.75 Or Or Or Rice/Sorghum/ 275 275 Wheat/ Maize/ Malt 2. Fuel for Distillery Boiler Bagasse (During From sugar 265 265 -- Conveyor Season) unit MT/Day MT/Day From Bio-gas (During 7000 7000 Anaerobic -- Through Closed Conduit Season) m3/Day m3/Day Digester Or From Bio-gas (During Off 16000 16000 Anaerobic -- Through Closed Conduit Season) m3/Day m3/Day Digester

Coal (During Off Indonesian Season – In case -- 134 134 by road from port Coal shortage of bagasses) Note: Existing land is adequate for the proposed expansion of industry.

2.6.2. Raw material availability and its source Table 2-6 Raw material availability and its source Sr. Description Unit Quantity Remark No. 1. Sugar Unit TCD 8000 Sugarcane crushing capacity MT/D 8000 Steam will be No. of working days of sugar unit Days 180 taken from Co- Quantity of sugarcane crushed during season MT 1440000 generation power Bagasse production at 30% of sugarcane crushed MT 432000 plant ‗C‘ Molasses production at 4% of sugarcane crushed MT 57600 OR

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 46 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Sr. Description Unit Quantity Remark No. ‗B‘ Heavy Molasses production at 6% of sugarcane MT 86400 crushed Pressmud generation at 4% of sugarcane crushed MT 57600 2 Co-generation Power MW 40 Steam requirement during season for sugar and co- TPH 1*200 generation operation Bagasse consumption for 200 TPH Boiler and fuel MT/D 1850 consumption at a rate of 77.08 TPH Total Bagasse consumption during 180 days of sugar MT 332310 unit operation Total saved bagasse for distillery and off-season MT 99690 cogeneration operation Bagasse requirement for Distillery for 180 Days of operation for 30 TPH Boiler at a rate of 11.04 TPH i. MT 47700 e. 265 MT/D (265*180 = 47700 MT) Bagasse save for off season (i.e 99690 – 47700 = MT 51990 51990) Both Co-gen and No.of off season days that co-gen and distillery can Distillery can work ( 51990/ 2115 = 24.58 days) Days 24 simultaneously OR work during off

season.

No.of off season days that distillery can work Distillery can (51990/ 265= 196.18) Days 150 work during off But distillery can work only 150 days during off season. season. Hence bagasse requirement during the off season ( 150 * 265 = 39750MT) Therefore, bagasse save aftr meeting the distillery fuel requirement (51990-39750 = 12240 MT) Co-gen can work Hence No.of off season days that co-gen can work after meeting after meeting the distillery fuel requirement Days 6 distillery fuel (12240/1850 = 6.6 days) requirement during off season. 204 Total no. of days of operation of Co-generation Days OR 186

3. Distillery Unit KLPD 110 Rectified Spirit OR 110 Only one product Extra Neutral Alcohol OR KLPD 105 at a time Ethanol 105 Bagasse requirement for Distillery for 330 Days of operation for 30 TPH Boiler at a rate of 11.04 TPH i. MT 87450 e. 265 MT/D (265*330 = 87450 MT)

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 47 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Sr. Description Unit Quantity Remark No.

In case of shortage of bagasse : MT/Day 134 Coal Coal requirement for 1*30 TPH distillery boiler at a

rate of 5.5833 TPH i. e. 134 MT/Day And Bio-gas requirement at rate 16000 m3/day m3/day 16000 Bio-gas

‗B‘ heavy Molasses requirement for RS production, recovery Yield at 330 liters / MT for 150 days of MT 50000 ‗B‘ Heavy operation (i.e. 333.33 MT/D OR 333.33 * 150= Molasses as raw 49999.5 MT) material Total available ‗B‘ Heavy Molasses from own sugar MT 86400 unit ‗C‘ Molasses requirement for RS production, recovery Yield at 270 liters / MT for 150 days of MT 61112 ‗C‘ Molasses as operation (i.e. 407.4 MT/D OR 407.4 * 150= raw material 61111.11MT) Total available ‗C‘ Molasses from own sugar unit MT 57600 Total sugarcane Juice requirement for RS production, recovery Yield at 67 liters/ MT for 180 Sugarcane Juice MT 295530 days of operation (1641.79 MT/day OR 1641.79 as raw material *180 = 295522.38) OR Sugar Syrup (60 Brix) requirement for RS production, recovery Yield at 320 liters/ MT for 180 Syrup as raw MT 61880 days of operation (343.75 MT/day OR 343.75* 180 material = 61875)OR Rice/Sorghum/ Wheat/ Maize/ Malt requirement for Grains as raw RS production, yield at 400 Liters/MT, for 180 days MT 49500 material of operation (275 MT/day OR 275*180 = 49500) 2.6.3. Raw Material Storage and handling  Bagasse is stored in bails and covered with torpauline sheet during rainy season and will be transferred to the Boiler through closed conveyors.  Coal for Distillery will be stored in the closed shed.  Molasses generated will be stored in closed MS tanks. 2.6.4. Transport of raw materials Sugarcane required for the Plant will be transported through trucks, tractors and bullock carts. Raw materials required for power plant will be mainly Bagasse which is generated from crushing of sugar cane in the plant premises itself. Coal required for Distillery alone will be imported from other countries to near by Port and from there it will transported by road. The existing roads are capable of absorbing the additional traffic. Hence there will not be any adverse impact on environment due to additional vehicular movement due to the proposed expansionproject.

2.6.5. Manufacturing Process - White Sugar The peculiarities of manufacturing process are as follows:

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 48 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

This is a simple three step process namely Cane milling, Evaporation and Crystallization. The standard flow-sheet as will be adopted can be given in figure below. Most of the sugar factories in India follow double sulphitation process and produce plantation white sugar. The major unit operations are shown in figure these are 1. Extraction of juice 2. Clarification 3. Evaporation 4. Crystallization 5. Centrifugation

Extraction of Juice

The sugarcane is passed through devices like knives for cutting the stalks in to chips before being subjected to crushing in a milling tandem comprising 4 to 6 three roller mills. Fine preparation with its impact on final extraction, is receiving special attention & shredders & particularly the fiberizes are gaining popularity. The mills are of modern design, being equipped with turbine drive, special feeding devices, efficient compound imbibitions system etc. In the best milling practice, more than 95 % of the sugar in the cane goes into the juice, this percentage being called the sucrose extraction or more simply the extraction. A fibrous residue called bagasse; with a low sucrose content is produced about 25 to 30 % of cane, which contains 45 to 55% moisture.

Clarification

The dark-green juice from the mills is acidic (pH 4.5) & turbid, called raw juice or mixed juice.The mixed juice after being heated to 650 C to 750 C is treated with phosphoric acid, sulfur dioxide & milk of lime for removal apparatus. The treated juice on boiling fed to continuous clarifier from which the clear juice is decanted while the settled impurities known as mud is sent to the field as fertilizer. The clear juice goes to the evaporators without further treatment.

Evaporation

The clarified juice contains about 85 % water. About 75% of this water is evaporated in vacuum multiple effects consisting of a succeeding (generally four) of vacuum boiling cells arranged in series so that each succeeding body has higher vacuum. The vapors from the final body go to condenser. The syrup leaves the last body continuously with about 60% solids & 40% water.

Crystallization

The syrup is again treated with sulfur dioxide before being sent to the pan station for crystallization of sugar. Crystallization takes place in single-effect vacuum pans, where the syrup is evaporated until saturated with sugar. At this point ‗seed grain‘ is added to serve as a nucleus for the sugar crystals & more syrup is added as water evaporates. The growth of the crystals continues until the pan is full. Given a skilled sugar boiler (or adequate instrumentation) the original crystals can be grown without the formation of additional crystals, so that when the pan is just full, the crystals are all of desired size & the crystal &

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 49 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP syrup form a dense mass known as ‗massecuite‘. The ‗strike‘ is then discharged through a foot valve into a crystallizer.

Centrifugation

The massecuite from crystallizer is drawn in to revolving machines called centrifuges. The perforated lining retains the sugar crystals, which may be washed with water if desired. The mother liquor ‗molasses‘ passes through the lining because of the centrifugal force exerted & after the sugar is ‗Purged‘ it is cut down leaving the centrifuge ready for another charge of massecuite . Continuous centrifuges may purge low grades. The mother liquor separated from commercial sugar is again sent to pan for boiling and re-crystallization. Three stages of re-crystallization are adopted to ensure maximum recovery of sugar in crystal form. The final molasses is sent out the factory as waste being unsuitable for recovery of sugar under commercial condition from economical point of view.

Figure 2-6Process Flow Diagram of the sugar unit and sources of waste generation

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 50 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

2.6.6. Co - generation power plant It is proposed to establish 40 MW Co-generation power plant based on the bagasse.

Process: The power plant consists of the following: 1* 200 TPH boiler

40 MW extractions cum condensing type Steam Turbine. Mechanical Auxiliaries like fuel handling system, cooling water system, Electrical auxiliaries The whole process comprises of generating heat energy in the boiler and then converting heat energy generated in the boiler in to mechanical energy generated in the turbine and further converting this mechanical energy generated in the turbine in to electrical energy in the alternator. The Bagasse (100%) will be fed in to the boiler and this fuel is burnt in the boiler. The combustion of fuel generates the heat energy in the boiler. This heat energy is transferred to heat transfer area provided in different areas like (bed coils, water wall, Steam Drawn/mud drum, bank tubes, economizer, super heater, air preheated). This heat will be transferred to the water which will pass through and steam is generated and this steam will be further super-heated so that dry super-heated steam will be generated. The process of conversion of water into steam is as follows: Water at ambient temperature will fed in to the de-aerator and during this process water temperature rises to 220 ºC. This water will be further fed in to economizer and the water temperature rises at 290 ºC. This water/steam then enters the boiler and the steam is generated. The quantity of steam generated in the boiler will be 200 TPH (MCR). This steam is fed into the turbine and this steam expands in the turbine and generates mechanical energy i.e. it starts rotating the Rotor at high speed and further this mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy in the alternator. The power generated at the alternator terminal is 40 MW. The feed water from the de-aerator is pumped to the steam drum through economizer by means of feed water pump (two nos. out of which normally one is working and the one working and the one will be stand by). The feed water gets preheated in the economizer, by way of recovery of heat from flue gases, before it enters the steam drum, where it mixes with boiler water. A minimum recirculation flow line is provided in the feed water line to pump the water back to de-aerator and safeguard the pump from overheating in very low or no flow (to boiler) condition. Boiler Water Circulation System: The boiler water circulation system consists of three sections in bed tubes, boiler bank tubes and water wall tubes. The boiler bank tubes have a self-adjusting circulation pattern, with a few tubes connected to the water space, serving as down comer tubes and remaining serving as riser tubes. A portion of the water circulated is evaporated and steam water mixture rises up into the steam drum where steam is separated from water. Dry steam leaves the steam drum, while the separated water mixes with the incoming feed water for further circulation. The in bed/water wall tubes receive water from water drum though down comer/connecting pipes. The steam water mixture, rising through water wall tube enters the steam drum and dry saturated steam leaves the drum

Super Heater System: The saturated steam from the steam drum enters the super heater. This is located at the outlet of the furnace and is of pendent type, arranged for counter flow configuration. The heat from the flue gas is

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 51 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP transferred to the steam and the super heater is suitably sized to achieve the rated steam temperature. The inter stage attempter provided enables to maintain the super heat steam temperature within allowablelimits. The super-heated steam flows through the main stream piping to the end use equipment. The main stream stop value isolates the boiler from the process/turbine, as the case may be. Boiler start up vent and super heater safety valve are located in this line. Firing System: Initially during the start-up, oil is used to light up the fuel. Once the fuel gets burnt the primary air is fed into the combustion chambers to make it a fluidized bed thereafter the fuel is fed into the boilers though simple arrangement of rotary feed drains, drag link chain conveyer. The fuel enters the combustor is arrested by air. The fuel and the cold fly ash re-circulated to the fluidized bed are well mixed with hot bed material resulting in a uniform temperature distribution in the bed. Combustion takes place within air optimum temperature of 800 ºC to 950 ºC. Flue Gas System: Flue gases leaving the combustor, transfer heat by radiation to the water wall tubes. The gases then transfer heat by non-luminar radiation and convection to the super heater and boiler bank tubes. The flue gases leaving the boiler bank passes through the economizer and air pre-heater. Gases leaving the air pre- heater flow through the dust collection system equipments. The fly ash from the fluidized bed, cyclone and the ESP is conveyed pneumatically to the main ash side keeping the plant clean of ash. The rotary air lock valves are provided below discharge of the ash. The ID fan is provided after the dust collection equipment.  Fuel for Boiler Fuel for the boiler is bagasse. The bagasse requirement is 44308.8 MT/month. Bagasse shall be reserved for bagacillo and start-up operation of the boiler for supplying steam to the distillery. Bagasse percent of cane shall be an average of 47%-48% moisture content. The characteristics of bagasse produced are given in the table below Table 2-7 Bagasse characteristics and consumption Average bagasse percentage on the cane: 28%, 8% Bagacillo requirement Fuel consumption for boiler 77.08 TPH Sugar in Bagasse 0.6-0.7% Moisture in Bagasse 47-48% Steam to Bagasse Ratio 2.6 Steam to bagasse Percentage 71% Minimum Table 2-8 Chemical composition of bagasse Description Quanity Carbon 23.5 % Hydrogen 3.25 % Oxygen 21.75 % Moisture 48 % Ash 1.5 % GCV with 50% Moisture 2250 Kcal/Kg

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 52 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

The flowchart of the process of Co-generation power plant is given as below.

Figure 2-7Power generation by cogeneration unit Plant Machinery and other requirements: Boiler: The steam generating system for the proposed Co-generation Project comprisesone multi-fuel fired boiler with a Maximum Continuous Rating (MCR) of 200 TPH with the outlet steam parameters at 110 kg/cm2 and 5400C. The tolerance on the super-heater outlet temperature shall be 50C. The combustion system of the boiler is dumping grate, with the pneumatic system. The boiler efficiency, firing 100% bagasse, shall be a minimum of 70-80% of the Gross Calorific Value (GCV) basis. The dust concentration in the flue gases leaving the boiler shall be a maximum of 100 mg/Nm3. Turbine: There is one 40 MW turbo generator. The turbogenerator is extraction cum back pressure type. The salient features of the proposed 40 MW turbo generator are given as below

Table 2-9Turbine details of the plant Item No 40 MW TG Set Turbine attached to 200 TPH boiler Steam pressure at the turbine stop valve kg/cm2 105 Steam temperature at the turbine stop valve 0C 535 Ambient temperature for electrical equipment design, 0C 50

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 53 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

2.6.7. Distillery manufacturing proces 2.6.7.1. Based on C molasses/B heavy molasses as a raw material This is a simple three-step process namely molasses preparation, fermentation, and distillation. The standard flow sheet as will be adopted can be given as

Figure 2-8 Process flow sheet for the distillery unit

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 54 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 2-9 Fermentation flow Sheet

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 55 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 2-10 Azeotropic anhydrous flow sheet Alcohol production process: Molasses is the chief raw material used for the production of alcohol. Molasses contains about 40% to 50% of fermentable sugars. During the fermentation, yeast strains to the species Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, a living microorganism belonging to class fungi converts sugar present in the molasses such as sucrose, glucose into alcohol. Chemically this transformation for sucrose to alcohol can be approximated by the equation:

 C12H22O11 + H2O = 2C6H12O6 Cane Sugar Glucose

 C6H12O6 = 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 180 = 2x46 + 2x44

Glucose Ethyl Alcohol Carbon dioxide

The 180 gm of sugars on reaction gives 92 gm of alcohol. Therefore, 1 tonne of sugar gives 511 kgs of alcohol. The sp. gravity of alcohol is 0.7934, therefore, 511 kg of alcohol is equivalent to 511/0.7934 = 644 liters of Alcohol. During fermentation other by-products like glycerin, succinine acid, etc. are also formed from sugars. Therefore, actually, 94.5% of total fermentable sugars are available for alcohol, under ideal condition theoretically. Normally only 80 to 82% efficiencies are realized on the plant. One

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 56 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP tonne of molasses containing 45% fermentable sugars given alcoholic yield 255 - 265 liters per tonne of molasses.

For bringing out above biochemical reaction, we require proper and careful handling of yeast, optimum parameters like pH and temperature control and substrate concentration, which results in the effective conversion of sugars to alcohol. For the manufacture of yeast, separate equipment known, as pure yeast culture apparatus is required. Initially, yeast is developed in the laboratory from a single cell yeast culture. In the laboratory, yeast is propagated in a test tube 10ml. Then it is transferred to a bigger flask of 500 ml flask, and transferred to a 5-liter flask containing the sterilized molasses solution. It is necessary to adjust the pH of the molasses solution in the range. Each stage of development of yeast propagation, namely 100 liters, 500 liters,and 5000 liters. All these equipments are designed so as to facilitate boiling molasses solution in order to sterilize it and also cooing to bring it to the proper temperature of 33oC and letting in culture and taking out culture. Boiling, cooling introducing the culture, etc is done in an aseptic manner, i.e. keeping the fermentation medium free from any kind of infection. Further, stages of yeast propagation are done in open tanks i.e. pre-fermenter requires about 8 hours in order to build up the necessary concentration of yeast in them. Finally, pre-fermenter is emptied in an empty fermenter, which is previously cleaned and kept ready. Dilute molasses solution is allowed to flow in this fermenter so as to fill it to its working capacity, say about one lakh liter.

The average efficiency of conversion of sugars in molasses to alcohol is 80 to 85% of theoretical value. All the sugars are not converted to alcohol during the process of fermentation because chemicals like glycerin; succinine acid, etc. are also produced by yeast during their metabolic process. Therefore, it is not possible to have 100% efficiency of conversion of sugars to alcohol. The average yield of alcohol from molasses is about 250 liters from 1 MT of molasses.

Recently, attractive developments have taken place in the field of fermentation and distillation whereby one can get a high yield of 270 to 285 liters per tonne of molasses.

Fermentation section: HIFERM-GR fermentation technology uses Granulating Yeast, which settles under gravity. The section- wise description is as below:

Molasses free from suspended particles is transferred to molasses receiving taken and is weighed. Weighed molasses is distributed to cell mass propagation, fermentation and yeast activation section. GR yeast is grown in the laboratory during plantstartup. Yeast propagation section comprises of molasses diluter and hygienically engineered yeast vessels equipped with heating, cooling, and air sparging facility.

Dilute molasses media is prepared in yeast vessel by re-circulation of media through molasses diluter. Laboratory propagated cell mass is scaled up in a series of yeast vessels. Air is sparged in pasteurized and cooled dilute molasses medium for optimum growth of GR yeast. The Temperature is maintained at 32oC by re-circulating cooling water through the jacket of yeast vessels. Cell mass from Yeast's vessel is transferred to yeast activation vessel to built up cell mass required for fermentation (during startup only) by cell mass transfer pump.

At a steady stage, activated cell mass from yeast activation vessel is transferred continuously to fermenter-I. Molasses, process water, and vinasse recycle stream from distillation are added to the

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 57 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP fermenter. Fermented wash from Fermenter-I overflows continuously to fermenter-II & then to a yeast settling tank.

As ethanol fermentation is an exothermic process, the optimum temperature required for yeast activity is maintained by forced re-circulation through fermenter wash coolers. Efficient mixers are provided in both fermenters.

Fermented wash from Fermenter-II is sent to yeast setting tank for separation of yeast under gravity. Vinasse stream from distillation is recycled to fermenter depending on solids concentration in the fermented wash and molasses composition.

GR yeast having granulation property, settles in yeast settling tank under gravity, while fermented wash overflows to wash holding tank. Settled yeast is transferred at rated flow to yeast activation vessel with screw pump.

In yeast activation vessel, molasses, process water, nutrients, and additive are added for activation of recycled cell mass. Filtered air is sparged as required for re-activation of cell membranes and other cell components.

The mixer is provided for better mass transfer in yeast activation vessel. Activated cell mass is transferred to fermenter-I to maintain desired cell mass concentration in the fermenter.

Carbon dioxide generated in fermentation is entrained with alcohol vapors. Alcohol from Carbon dioxide is scrubbed with water in the gas scrubber. The scrubber water is transferred to wash charger. Fermented wash from wash charger is fed to Analyzer column.

Distillation: The next stage in the manufacture of alcohol is to separate alcohol from the fermented wash and to concentrate it to 95% alcohol called a rectified spirit. For this purpose, the method of distillation is employed. The distillation columns consist of a number of SIEVE plates where the wash is boiled and alcoholic vapors are separated and concentrated on each plate stage by stage.

Integrated distillation and evaporation section Technology offered (multi-Pressure)

This technology is based on heat recovery principle.

The system comprises of 3 columns operating at different pressures and is designed to produce Rectified Spirit.

The columns in order of flow are as follows:

1. Analyzer cum Degasifying Column (operating under vacuum) 2. Aldehyde Column (operating under Vacuum) 3. Rectifier cum Exhaust Column (Operative under Pressure) Fermented wash from the clarified wash tank is pumped to the fermented wash pre-heater and preheated to about 68-70oC by circulating hot spent wash on another side. Incoming spent wash temperature is 80 -

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 58 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

82oC and after exchanging heat with fermented wash outlet temp of spent wash remains at 35-40oC. This hot fermented wash is then fed at the top of degasifying column.

Analyzer column cum Degasifying Column:

Analyzer column strips the fermented wash before discharging the rest of the material as a spent wash. Metered flow of fermented wash is feed to the top of the analyzer column. Vapors of Rectifier column provide energy to Analyzer column through an evaporator. Rectifier top vapors are condensed on the shell side of the evaporator and spent wash is getting re-circulated on the tube side. Vapors generated from the re-boiler are used in the analyzer column now consist of approximately 50% alcohol and 50% water with impurities such as higher alcohols, aldehydes, acids, sulphur dioxide, etc.

Spent wash from the analyzer column bottom is sent for treatment to the Effluent Treatment Plant. The level in the column bottom is controlled to ensure proper distillation and correct concentration of the spent wash. The vapordraws from the top of the Analyzer is condensed in the fourth stage of the evaporator system and pumped to Rectifier column for concentration. Analyzer column is operating under vacuum. Using a water ring vacuum pump creates a vacuum and the vacuum in the column is maintained by a manual valve, which bleeds extra air in the system.

Aldehyde Column

Aldehyde column is principally used for removal of low boiling impurities. Vapors from degasifying column are fed to Aldehyde column. The vapors coming out of the top of the Aldehyde column are fed to the condenser-I where they are partially condensed by passing cooling water on the tube side. Balance alcohol vapors are condensed in the condenser-II. Water is used for the Condensation. From aldehyde column top Technical Alcohol cut of 2% of the totalplant, capacity is taken out. Aldehyde column works under vacuum.

Rectifier Cum Exhaust Column

Analyzer column top vapors condensed in the fourth stage of the evaporator and fed to the rectified column for further concentration. Rectifier column designed in sieve trays construction and operates under pressure for obtaining desired strength of alcohol. Condensing steam provides heat to Rectifier column.

Fusel Oil draws are taken from Rectifier column and are sent to fusel oil decanter. The fusel oil stream is diluted with water for separation of fusel oils. The aqueous layer sends back to Rectifier column and fusel oil are sent to storage.

Technical Alcohol cut of 3% of total plant capacity is taken out from top of Rectifier Column. Rectified Spirit of 95% v/v concentration is drawn from one of the upper trays of Rectifier Column and sent to storage after cooling.

Manufacture of Ethanol: Absolute alcohol is an important product used for blending with petrol. As per IS Specification, it is 100% water-free alcohol. Rectified spirit is 94.68% (v/v) ethyl alcohol, and the rest is water. It is not possible to remove water from rectified spirit by straight distillation as ethyl alcohol forms a constant

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 59 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP boiling mixture with water at this concentration and is known as an azeotrope. Therefore, a special process for the removal of water is required to manufacture Absolute Alcohol.

In order to extract water, it is necessary to use some dehydrant or entrainer, which is capable of separating water. Simple dehydrant is unslacked lime. Industrial alcohol is taken in a Reactor and quick lime is added and the mixture is kept overnight for complete reaction. It is then distilled in the fractionating column to separate Absolute Alcohol. Water is retained by quick lime. This process is used for small- scale production of absolute alcohol by a batch process.

The various processes used for dehydration of alcohol are as follows.

I) Azeotropic Distillation. II) Molecular Sieves. III) Pervaporation / Vapor permeation system.

The salient features of each of the processes are given herewith:-

I) Dehydration with the entrained process (Azeotropic distillation):

To manufacture Absolute Alcohol on a large scale, Cyclohexane is used as entrainer. When 94.68 % (v/v) alcohol is mixed with Cyclohexane and distilled, a ternary azeotrope is formed. e.g. if a mixture of ethanol, water, and cyclohexane as given below is distilled and condensed then the condensate forms two layers with the following composition.

Table 2-10 Composition of Condensate

Azeotrope Composition (%) Decanter

Upper Layer (%) Lower Layer (%) Alcohol 18.50 14.50 53 Cyclohexane 74.10 84.50 11 Water 7.40 1.00 36 The system consists of two to three columns. First is a dehydration column followed by recovery column. The Rectified Spirit is fed into the dehydration column Cyclohexane is introduced in this column. The vapor of ethanol, water & cyclohexane close to its azeotropic concentration is collected from the top where absolute alcohol is collected from the bottom of the column. A ternary mixture of ethanol, water, and cyclohexane is condensed and sent for decantation where it forms two layers. The top one is cyclohexane rich layer whereas the bottom one is a water-rich layer. The top layer is refluxed back and the bottom layer is sent to the recovery column. Water is collected from the bottom of the recovery column whereas a ternary mixture of cyclohexane, water, and ethanol comes out of the top, which is condensed and partially sent to dehydration column.

Any cyclohexane lost in the system is taken care by adding make-up cyclohexane in the system.

One thousand liters of industrial alcohol of 94% v/v contains 940 liters of Absolute Alcohol and 60 liters of water. For a capacity of One KLPD absolute alcohol plant make-up cyclohexane required shall be three

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 60 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP kg/day. The cyclohexane is continuously recovered in the process and recycled as entrainer. The process is rather simple and well established.

In another method, Glycerin is used as dehydrant. Glycerin is fed countercurrent wise to the rising alcohol vapors in a column. Glycerin absorbs all the water and leaves from the bottom of the column, which consists of Glycerin, water and some amount of alcohol. Distillate at the top is absolute alcohol. Glycerin water mixture is sent first to an alcohol recovery column and then to vacuum evaporator for recovery of Glycerin and removal of water. Glycerin is recycled. This process is also effective giving good quality of absolute alcohol.

The steam requirement in the above two processes is around 1.8 to 2.0 kg. per liter of Absolute Alcohol produced.

The chemistry behind this with controlling equations can be presented as

Controlling Equations:

1. C12H22O11 + H2O 2C6H12O6 Sucrose + Water Reducing Sugar

342 + 18 360

1 + 0.05263 1.05263

2. C6H22O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

Reducing Sugar Ethyl Alcohol + Carbon Dioxide

180 92 + 88

1 0.5111 + 0.4889

1.05263 0.53978 + 0.51462

Thus,

Table 2-11 Mass Balance of ethanol production Sr. No Input Output Alcohol 1. 1 kg Reducing Sugar 0.511 kg by Equation 2. 463.68 kg Reducing Sugar 298.23 Lit. by Equation 3. 463.68 kg Reducing Sugar 259.46 Lit. Actually (87% ) The process of manufacture of extra neutral alcohol Conventionally, Extra Neutral Alcohol is manufactured from Rectified Spirit. The impurities in the Rectified Spirit are reduced to a considerable extent by properly diluting and redistilling the spirit. The impurities like aldehydes, acids, esters, higher alcohols are minimized by controlled condition and tapping impurities at appropriate points during distillation.

The main stages in the manufacture of Extra Neutral Alcohol are as under.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 61 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

1. Dilution of Rectified Spirit with filtered soft water in the ratio 1:3 to 1:4. 2. The diluted spirit is treated with potassium permanganate. 3. Separation of low boiling impurities in purifying column. 4. Separation of esters and other volatile impurities in rectifying column and concentration of alcohol. 5. Removal of excess water in exhaust column. 6. The concentration of fusel oil & their removal in the fusel oil concentration column. 7. The concentration of low boiling impurities & their removal in the heads concentration column.

The material of construction used for the entire distillation column and condensers is deoxidized, red copper. Copper has special properties to react with some impurities and prevent their distillation with a top product.

The distillation columns requiring steam for heating are provided with re-boilers so that direct mixing of steam is avoided. In some cases, direct steam is also employed by sparging the steam in the bottom section. It depends upon the quality of steam as regards its odor.

For dilution of alcohol soft water is used in order to take special care regarding the quality of the final product. A small quantity of potassium permanganate and sodium hydroxide are added to the mixture. The whole mixture is properly stirred and left to stand for 3 to 4 hours. The diluted and treated Rectified Spirit is pumped to the overhead tank from where it is fed through a rotameter to the purifying column.

The distillation set up can work with indirect steam heating employing a re-boiler system for a three- column system or five-column system.

In the system employing re-boiler and three column system, the hydrated rectified spirit is fed to the purification column where most of the low boiling components are removed as the top product. The bottom of the purification column is heated indirectly by steam through a thermosyphon re-boiler. From the bottom of the exhaust column spent lees is removed which preheat alcohol-water mixture in a plate type heat exchanger before being discharged. The vapors from the exhaust column rise to the top of the rectification column, which is condensed and refluxed. Extra Neutral Alcohol is drawn near the top of the rectification column (3 to 4 trays below top). The ENA is cooled in a cooler and taken to storage. Fusel oil is drawn near the bottom of the rectification column, decanted, cooled and sent to storage.

In another modification of the above system an additional refining column and heated indirectly through a thermosyphon reboiler. Extra Neutral Alcohol is removed from two to three plates above the refining column. In this system, the quality of ENA obtained is of high grade.

In the five-column system apart from purification, rectifying and exhaust columns two additional columns are employed. The fusel oil concentration column is heated directly with steam and fusel oil is tapped near the middle of the column. Fusel oil is separated and the alcohol containing water mixture is fed back to the column. The low boiling impurities from the purifying and rectification column are collected and after proper dilution with water are fed to the heads concentration column for final separation of Impure Spirit. The advantage of five columns is the reduction in percentage cut of Impure Spirit to 5 percent as compared to 25 percent cut in three column system. The quality of spirit produced in the five-column system will be also superior to spirit produced in the three-column system as it achieves better separation

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 62 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

of impurities. However, the requirement of steam in five columns system is higher than the three-column system.

The design of the re-distillation plant is made in such a way that the Extra Neutral Alcohol Quality and the production do not get disturbed due to the varying quality of rectified spirit. The plant may be preferably in copper. As the plant deals with rectified spirit, there is no risk of corrosion and the quality of spirit produced will be superior.

In the proposed project, EQENA will be produced directly from the wash. The concentrated vapors from the rectification/ exhaust column will be fed directly to the EQENA section of multi-pressure distillation columns. The EQENA-distillation columns will work on multi-pressure principle so that maximum heat economy can be achieved with improved quality of EQENA.

2.6.7.2. Alcohol production based on sugarcane juice as raw material  Sugarcane is directly taken as per the availability of the cane area, which is being transported through trucks, or bullock carts, which is then weighed for records and then cut into specified sizes.  These sizes are treated with lukewarm water treatment so as to give maximum outputs with lower contamination.  The cane is further crushed in the mill in three phases in order to extract more juice percentage say about 95%. This juice is carried to the storage tank for further process. Before taking the juice into fermentation house a specific study of mass balance and chemical composition is studied. Few chemicals (activators) & nutrition are added to the juice to activate the juice and prepare for fermentation.  The unwanted suspended material is then separated. The juice is then taken to the fermentation house for fermentation. Here it is kept in the fermentation process. By adding microorganisms‟ culture as per availability, the fermented juice is prepared for the further process. The water content in the fermentation column is reduced and thus the juice is prepared for distillation.  The distillation column converts the juice by reducing the water content of it for getting rectified spirit /specially denatured spirit.  First rectified spirit/special denatured spirit which is 94.68% alcohol, and rest is water is produced in the distillation column. In order to get Ethanol, which has to be nearly 100% pure and water free alcohol, further steps to remove the 6% of water is taken. It is not possible to remove remaining water from rectified spirit /specially denatured spirit by straight distillation as ethyl alcohol forms a constant boiling mixture with water at this concentration and is known as Azeotrope. Therefore, a special process for the removal of water is required for the manufacture of absolute alcohol.  In order to extract water from alcohol, it is necessary to use some dehydrate or restrainer, which is capable of separating, water from alcohol.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 63 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 2-11 Process flow sheet of distillation based on sugarcane juice as a raw material

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 64 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

2.6.7.3. Alcohol production based on Grains as raw material During the fermentation, yeast strains of the species Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, a living microorganism belonging to class fungi converts sugar (Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose, Maltose or Maltotrioes) present in the molasses or sugar cane juice to alcohol. However, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae cannot use starch as such. To produce alcohol from starch-containing raw materials such as grains or cassava etc. by fermentation, the starch has to first hydrolyze to glucose. Industrially, this conversion is accomplished by the cooking of starch slurry and use of enzymes to breakdown the polymers of glucose (Amylose and Amylopectin), Transformation of starch to glucose consists of Gelatinization (Cooking), Liquefaction and Saccharification. Chemically this transformation to alcohol can be approximated by the equation:

The overall transformation takes place into two steps:

n(C H O ) + n(H O) 6 10 5 2 Amylase / Gluco-amylase n(C6H12O6) 1) n (162) + n (18) n (180)

Starch + Water Glucose Saccharomyces cerevisiae C6H12O6 C2H5OH + 2CO2 2) 180 gm 92 gm 88 gm

As per the abovereaction, 162 gm of starch produces 180 gm of glucose. Therefore, 1 MT of starch gives 1111.11 gm of glucose. 180 gm. of glucose on reaction gives 92 gm. of alcohol. Therefore, 1 MT of sugar gives 511.1 kgs of alcohol. The specific gravity of alcohol is 0.7934, therefore, 511.1 kg. of alcohol is equivalent to 511.1/0.7934 = 644.19 liters of Alcohol. During fermentation, other by-products like glycerin, succinic acids, etc also are formed from sugars. Therefore, actually, 94.5% of total fermentable sugars are available for alcohol conversion. Thus, one MT of sugar will give only 644 x 0.945 = 608.6 liters of alcohol, under ideal conditions theoretically. Similarly, one MT of pure starch should give 715.0 liters of alcohol under ideal conditions, theoretically (at 100 % efficiency and 100 % ethanol). Corn or sorghum contains about 62.0 % starch on a dry weight basis. Therefore, one MT of corn or sorghum can yield about 410 liters of Rectified Spirit.

For bringing out above biochemical reaction, we require proper and careful handling of yeast, control of optimum parameters like pH and temperature and substrate concentration and enzyme dose, which results into the effective conversion of starch to sugars and then to alcohol.

For propagation, yeast is developed in the laboratory from the pure yeast culture slant. In the firststep, yeast is propagated in a test tube. Then it is transferred to a 500ml conical flask and propagated for 12 hrs. This is further transferred to 5 liters flask containing the sterilized medium. The pH of the medium is adjusted in the range of 4.5 and nutrients such as ammonium sulphate or urea, di-ammonium phosphate, etc. are added. Each stage of development of yeast from test tube to 500ml and 500ml to 5 liters requires 24 hours.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 65 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

On the plant, there are again 3 stages of propagation namely 100 liters, 500 liters and 5000 liters of culture vessels. All these vessels are designed so as to facilitate boiling medium in order to sterilize it and also cool to bring it to the proper temperature of 32 0C. Further stages of yeast propagation are done in tanks. i.e. Pre-fermenters, which requires about 8 hours in order to build up the necessary concentration of yeast cell mass. Finally,pre-fermenter is transferred in the fermenter. Simultaneously grain slurry is transferred to the fermenter.

Now a day, readymade active dry yeast is used directly in the pre-fermenters. Good quality of active dry yeast is available for use in the distillery. The yeast is manufactured under strictly controlled conditions. This yeast is useful to obtain a good yield of alcohol by fermentation

2.6.7.4. Grain-based distillery plant process details Raw material: Mostly Broken Rice, Maize, Millet, and Sorghum or mixed grains are being used as raw material in the distillery units. Following table no. 4.1 & 4.2 are indicating the starch percentage & alcohol yield from various grains.

Table 2-12Grain starch percentage and alcohol yields Fermentable carbohydrate Alcohol yield (Lits. of Sr. No. Grain (Starch %) alcohol/MT) 1 Rice 62-67 380-418 2 Sorghum 62-65 380-410 3 Wheat 62-65 380-410 4 Maize 62-65 380-410 5 Malt 58-59 389-395 Table 2-13Composition of various grains Moisture Starch (% Proteins Fats (% Crude Fiber Ash (% Other Solids (% Grain (% w/w) w/w) (% w/w) w/w) (% w/w) w/w) w/w) Rice 8-10 65-70 7-8 1-1.2 0.8-1 0.8-1 8.8-9 Wheat 8-12 59-63 11-13 1-2 2-3 1.5-2.5 7-10 Corn 8-12 60-64 9-12 3.5-6 1.5-2 1-2.5 7-10 Sorghum 9-10 65-70 7-8 3-3.5 2.3-2.5 1.5-1.6 1.5-1.7 Millet 8-10 65-70 10-11 4-4.2 0.8-1 3-3.3 1.8-2 Barley 7.5-8 60-63 7-9 2.5-3.5 9-10 1.5-2.5 6-8 Starch hydrolysis: Starch can be hydrolyzed to fermentable sugar (Glucose) by enzymatic hydrolysis. Following two enzymes are commonly used for starch hydrolysis in the grain-based distillery. 1) Alpha Amylase/Exo-amylase -Amylose is a polymer of 500 -1500 glucose units joined by ∞ 1-4 linkage in linear form approximately 15 – 20 % of total starch.

2) Glucoamylase /Endoamylase/Amyloglucosidase - Amylopectinhas branched polymer of glucose; joined by 1-4 ∞ linkage in linear form section and cross-linkage by 1-6 ∞ linkage. A molecule of amylopectin consists typically 500 – 40,000 unit glucose units approximately 80-85% of total starch.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 66 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 2-14Enzymes and its optimum pH and temperature Enzyme Optimum pH range Optimum temperature Alpha amylase 5.5-6.0 88-90 Glucoamylase 4.5-4.8 55-60 Process Description: The incoming grains (corn or sorghum or rice) are inspected upon receipt. Inspection is carried out to determine the starch content, bushel weight, moisture content, mold infestation, and general appearance. The accepted quality corn grain is unloaded into silos for storage before milling. The stored grain is weighed to determine the incoming quantity.

Grain Handling & Milling:-

 Grain Unloading: Involves receiving hopper with magnetic grill and bucket elevator.  Grain Storage: Storage silos with feeding arrangement and sweep auger and chain conveyor fordischarge.  Grain cleaning: Involves pre-cleaner (vibratory screen) separating oversize and undersize impurities, Destoner for removing stones and magnetic drum separator for removing ironparticles.  Grain Milling: Involves rotary feeder for controlled feed, hammer mill to achieve desired particle size and capacity. Hammermill discharge arrangement with a screw conveyor, rotary screen for coarseseparation.  Flour handlingInvolves mechanical or pneumatic conveying, screw conveyor, bucket elevator, rotary valves with rootsblowers.  Flour Storage: Flour storage silo is provided with bin activator for a smooth discharge. Silo is provided with level switches high and low and load cells for weighing/automation.  Flour weighing and batching: Weight controller and totalizer for automation and to know the flour consumption. Unique equipment called Pre-masher is used for a metered feed of flour and water to get uniform slurry forliquefaction.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 67 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 2-12Flour weighing and batching Grains are stored in the silos from there it is conveyed through screw conveyor to bucket elevator. Bucket elevator lifts the grains to approximately 18m height and then passes the grains through vibrating screen, de-stoner and magnetic separator to remove dust and stones, the flow through this equipment are under gravity.

The cleaned grains are then again conveyed by bucket elevator to an intermediate hopper, which is provided with a rotaryairlock system for controlled flow in a hammer mill. In hammer mill the particle size is reduced (Size 400-700µ) as per required for the process. The size distribution test or "sieve analysis" of the flour is done regularly in order to ascertain the mill setting and particle size distribution. From hammer mill, the flour is pneumatically conveyed to flour bin (Intermediate storage for flour). From flour bin, the flour is carried to pre-masher for slurrypreparation.

In pre-masher, flour & required quantity of water are transferred by conveyor. Uniform grain slurry is made and transferred to another low shear tank (slurry tank) for proper mixing. In slurry tank required pH of 6.0-6.2 is maintained by using lime if required and temperature as 550C to 600C. An enzyme called α- amylase is added here in small (20- 25%) dose before the cooking processstarts.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 68 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 2-13 Slurry preparation Cooking: The grain slurry is pumped from mixing tank (Slurry tank) to Jet Cooker (HydroHeater)throughopenimpellercentrifugalpump.Injet,cookersteamisappliedat 3.5 kg/cm2 pressure to cook the starch slurry to break down the chemical structure of starchin the presenceofenzymes.Thetemperatureofgrainslurryat the outletof the jetcookeris maintained between 115 to 1200C, after cooking the grain slurry is passed through the retention vessel to provide desired retention time at a given flow rate to convert starch into dextrin. In this step slurry, pressure & viscosity reduces. The slurry which is hot is transferred into the flash tank to reduce the temperature of the slurry to 90- 950C before sending to final liquefaction tank. Flash tank is attached to flash condensers where vapors are condensed and condensate is sent to slurry.

Figure 2-14 Cooking

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 69 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 2-15Characteristics of starch in cereal grain Cereal Grain Gelatinization Temp.0C Shape Granule size (µm) Elliptical 20-25 Barley 51-60 Spherical 2-6 Lenticular 25-35 Wheat 58-64 Round 2-10 Corn 62-72 Round/Polyhedral 15 Rice 68-78 Polygonal 3-8 Sorghum 68-78 Round 15 Oats 53-59 Polyhedral 3-10 Rye 57-78 Round/ Lenticular 28 Liquefaction: Grain slurry is transferred to final liquefaction tank from flash tank where remaining 75 to 80% of enzymes of α-amylase is added which convert starch to dextrin and 1-4 α-glycosidase linkages are hydrolyzed into amylose and amylopectin. Enzymatic activities rapidly break-down the starch molecules to soluble dextrins and oligosaccharides. To have a good conversion of starch to dextrin retention time should be about 1 hr.

Saccharification: From the liquefaction chamber, the mash is pumped through a heat exchanger to be cooled for simultaneous saccharification. Simultaneous saccharification is the formation of fermentable glucose and the process is carried out in fermenters with the fermentation process. The breakdown of dextrin‟s formed during liquefaction takesplace with the help of a second enzyme, Amyloglucosidase. The pH is required to be adjusted in the range of 4.0 to 5.0 and the optimum temperature for theAmylo- glucosidase enzyme is about 30-350C. The quantity of glucose produced is monitored by measuring the Dextrose Equivalent (DE) of themash.

Figure 2-15 Liquefaction and Saccharification Fermentation: Fermenters are cylindrical & vertical with conical top & flat sloping bottom. Fermenters are equipped with side entry agitators.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 70 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Final liquefied slurry from final liquefaction tank is pumped into the fermenter and is diluted to appropriate sugar concentration with process water. During the fermentation process, saccharification progresses further and releases glucose required by yeast. Fermentation is initiated by inoculating with required quantity of yeast. The assimilable nitrogen is added in the medium in the form of urea and di-ammonium phosphate. The temperature in the fermenter is maintained at 32 C with the help of external wide gap plate heat exchanger (PHE). The fermented mash is re-circulated continuously through the PHE. Recirculation also helps in the proper mixing of fermented mash. The rate of fermentation reaction gradually increases and after about 55 to 65 hours fermentation completes. At the end of fermentation, the alcohol concentration in the mash is 10.0 to % (v/v). This section will have six fermenters of capacity given 70 hours retention time. After completion of fermentation, the mash is transferred to mash holdingtank.

The CO2 which is liberated during fermentation is scrubbed in water, in CO2 scrubber. This CO2 contains alcohol, which is recovered by collecting CO2 scrubber water into a mash holding tank. If required, CO2 can be collected, washed, purified and compressed in cylinders to be sold in consumption for beverages production. However, in the present report, this aspect is notconsidered Table 2-16Pre-fermentation & Fermentation parameters Final Set up Setup Sp. Final Specific Final Tank Initial pH Temp O pH C R.S. Gr. Gravity Alcohol Per- Fermenter 4.5 4.0 32-33 4.5% 1.045 1.025 1-1.5% Fermenter 4.5 3.8 32-33 12% 1.050 1.000 10-12%

Figure 2-16 Grain to ethanol process flow diagram

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 71 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

DISTILLATION TECHNOLOGY: After fermentation, the next stage in the manufacture of alcohol is to separate alcohol from the fermented wash and to concentrate it to 95% (v/v) alcohol called a Rectified spirit. For this purpose, the method of distillation is employed.

It‘s a physical process various compounds of a mixture get separated by virtue of their differences in boiling points.

The distillation columns consist of a number of bubble cap /Rh grid plates where the wash is boiled and alcoholic vapors are separated and concentrated on each plate stage by stage.

MULTIPRESSURE DISTILLATION: Vacuum distillation is defined as that in which the operating pressure in the system is either less than atmospheric pressure or more than atmospheric pressure. Vacuum is nothing but sub-atmospheric pressure (negative gauge pressure).

Fermented wash to rectified spirit & ENA: Multi-pressure distillation system for production of Rectified spirit & ENA consists of distillation columns namely-

For –Rectified Spirit mode

1. Degasifying cum analyzercolumn 2. Rectification column 3. Fusel Oil Concentrationcolumn

Extractive Distillation column For –ENAmode

1. Degasifying cum analyzercolumn 2. Pre-rectifiercolumn 3. Extractive Distillationcolumn 4. Rectification column 5. Refining /Simmeringcolumn 6. Fusel Oil Concentrationcolumn 7. Head Concentrationcolumn

The distillation system is designed for the production of potable alcohol. The distillation system comprises seven columns namely Analyzer/Degasifying column, Pre- rectifier column, Extraction column, Second Rectifier column & Refining column. The Fusel Oil column, Head Concentration column is used for concentrating & removal of Fusel Oil & impurities. After separation of impurities, the recovered alcohol is recycled back to the pre rectifier column system.

STILLAGE PROCESSING: The stillage from the distillation section is then passed through decanter where cake and thin stillage are separated. The recovered thin stillage from a decanter is concentrated in the evaporator till 38% concentration. The evaporator uses heat from distillation column for the desired final concentration of stillage. The product from the evaporator is mixed with cake recovered from the decanter. The mixture is

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 72 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP sent to the dryer and the dried product is used as cattle feed. Part of the thin stillage [approximately 40% to 50%] is recycled to theprocess.

2.6.7.5. Alcohol production based on Juice / Concentrated Juice as raw material Sugarcane is directly taken as per the availability of the cane area, which is being transported through trucks, or bullock carts, which is then weighed for records and then cut into specified sizes. These sizes are treated with lukewarm water treatment so as to give maximum outputs with lower contamination. The cane is further crushed in the mill in four phases in order to extract more juice percentage say about 95%. After the extraction of juice from sugarcane it shall be sent to Juice clarification & Evaporation system for clarification of juice from suspended solids and to get 40% solids syrup, which shall be pumped to Distillery

Feed preparation and weighing: Sugarcane Syrup / Juice stored in a storage tank is first weighed in a tank with load cells so that accurate quantity can be fed to the fermentation section. The weighed yrup/juice then transferred from tank to the dilutor in fermentation section where it is diluted with water and fed to the fermenter.

Yeast propagation and fermentation

Figure 2-17Flow chart for Ethanol generation from sugarcane juice as a raw material

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 73 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

2.6.7.6. CO2 Recovery Plant

Fermentation gas is high concentration CO2 gas discharged from fermentation system of alcohol, brewery, sugar refinery etc. Generally, fermentation gas contains 90 - 99 % CO2& impurities of alcohol, aldehydes, methane, hydrogen, nitrogen, vapour etc., including small amount of NO and oil. The system desorbs alcohol, aldehydes, oil & NO by using methods of washing &hydro dissection and desorbs impurities of water, methane, hydrogen and nitrogen with methods of drying, chilling, heat transferring and rectification in rectifying tower, storing clean CO2 in tanks for use. Production Process

 Raw gas from fermenter is fed in to the system from where the gas is taken in foam trap where the foam is removed  With the help of booster blower, the gas is pushed in to the chain/series of scrubbing systems that comprises of pre water scrubber, Kmno4 scrubber with dosing facilities

 In this chain of scrubbers, the CO2 gas is washed properly using water  After this, the raw gas gets buffered in a vessel

 From there, it moves towards two stage CO2 compressor where the gas is compressed up to a desired pressure  Raw gas goes to the dual tower activated carbon filter for removal of odor

 The raw gas is then enter into the high pressure pre-cooler and from there to dual tower CO2 dryer  It also passes through liquefaction system and nox removal tower  Finally, the liquid goes directly to the storage tank where the gas stores for a particular period of time

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 74 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

2.7. Components of the project 2.7.1. Power Requirement: At present, the power requirement by the industry is 3.0 MW, which is taken from MSEDCL and 1*125KVA DG sets are installed for power back up. After the proposed expansion additional 11.5 MW of power will be required. Therefore total power requirement after the proposed expansion will be 14.5 MW, which shall be fulfilled from the proposed 40 MW co-generation power plant, 30 TPH distillery boiler and 2*500 KVA DG Sets for power back-up purpose. Excess electricity produced will be supplied to the state electricity grid.

2.7.2. Water Budget for Sugar, Co-generation power plant and Distillery unitWater Requirement Industrial Purpose:

The Bhagyanagar Lake is the nearest water body of 3.5 km away from the factory site, which is the main source of water.

Sugar Division - The sugar unit and co-generation power plant works on zero water requirements Detailed water budget of the Sugar division is shown in Table 2.17.

Distillery Division – The distillery unit wors on zero water requirement. Detailed water budget of the distillery unit is shown in Table 2.19& Table 2.22.

Note: 1) All the excess condensate and treated effluent shall be recycled into process.

2) Saved water from sugar unit shall be used for distillery operation dusring season and remaining shall be stored .

Domestic Purpose:

At present water requirement is 100m3/day, no additional water requirement after the proposed expansion

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 75 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

2.7.2.1. Water budget for Sugar & Co-generation Division. Table 2-17Water budget for Sugar & Co-generation Division

Industrial Purpose 1 Boiler 1*200 TPH -- 4510 4510 -- 210 210 -- 4250 4250 -- 50 50 50 2 DM Plant -- 290** 290** -- 260 260 ------30 30 30 3 Process water 120 150 270 15 27 42 ------105 123 228 228 Washing of 4 30 45 75 ------30 45 75 75 equipment Air compressors & 5 40 40 80 07 07 14 33 33 66 ------988 m3/day of pumps treated effluent All the condenser shall be water shall be treated recycled after in proposed CPU of 6 Condenser Water ------525 675 1200 RO treatment. capacity 2000KLD (RO permeate and recycled as 669 and RO process water. reject 319) Spray pond blow- 7 525 675 1200 280 355 635 ------245 320 565 565 down Cooling tower blow- 8 -- 215 215 -- 175 175 ------40 40 40 down Recycling of Excess 9 ------525 675 1200 ------Condensate Recycle of treated 10 ------293 376 669 ------effluent Total 715 5925 6640 302 1034 1336 1376 6009 7385 380 608 988 988 Where,

E – Present 2500TCD P – Expansion of 5500 TCD & Establishment of 40 MW Co-generation unit. T - Total 8000 TCD & 40MW.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 76 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Note: All wastewater generated shall be treated in existing ETP after up-gradation followed by RO and recycled back in to process. RO reject of 319m3/day shall be used for gardening/green belt purpose and also 126 m3/day of water shall be used for green belt development. 1. At present there are 2 boilers of 2*17.5 TPH capacities each shall be abandoned and one boiler of 1*200 TPH capacity with a pressure of 110 kg/cm2 and temperature of 5400C shall be installed. For co-generation power plant 40 MW turbo-generator set with a pressure of 105 kg/cm2 and temperature of 5350C shall be installed. Net Water saving would be: i) Industrial Purpose: 6640 – 7385 = -745 KLD. (745 KLD of water shall be saved) Due to excess condensate available from Sugar unit, there shall not be any water requirement for sugar unit and co-generation unit. After treatment excess condensate shall be used for DM plant. The fresh water requirement only for domestic purpose shall be 100KLD. Saved water of 745 KLD out of which 126 m3/day used for greenbelt purpose during season, distillery operation etc. and remaining water shall be stored in storage tank which shall be used for distillery operation during off season. Therefore 619 KLD of water shall be used for distillery purpose only. ii) Domestic Purpose: At present water requirement is 100KLD, no additional water requirement after the proposed expansion. Effluent Generation: i. Industrial - 988 KLD out of which sugar effluent - 303 KLD, spray-pond effluent – 565 KLD and co-generation power plant effluent 120 KLD (Co-gen effluent-120 KLD, out of which 50 KLD boiler blow-down, 40 KLD cooling tower blow –down and 30 KLD of DM plant reject). ii. Domestic – 80KLD.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 77 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Daily water No. of working Sr. No Description Total (m3/annum) Final (m3/annum) requirements/save days 1 110 KLPD Distillery water requirements During 394 180 70920 111420 Season 111420 (Water 2 110 KLPD Distillery water requirements During 270 150 40500 Requirement) Off season Total water saved during season from sugar 111420 (Water 619(Saved) 180 111420 division Saved) Calculations: Daily water saved from sugar unit = 745 KLD out of which 126 KLD used for greenbelt purpose. Daily water required for distillery meet from saved water from sugar unit = 619 – 394 = 225 KLD Water stored for distillery operation during off season = 225*180 = 40500 KLD

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 78 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP/04/2020

2.7.2.2. Water budget for distillery division I. Based on “C” Molasses Table 2-19: Water Budget for Distillery Division (based on “C”Molasses)

Waste Water Generation and treatment Water Consumption Reuse / Sr. Details Requirement /Losses Recovery Wastewater No. Waste water (KLD) (KLD) (KLD) treated in Wastewater Generation CPU 1. Boiler 30 TPH 695 10 675 10 10 00 2. DM Plant 25** 20 -- 5 5 704 Spentwash - 176 -- 176 3 Process Water 1100 -- Evaporator Spentlees – 220 220 00 Condensate Cooling Tower Make- 4 120 80 -- 40 40 00 up Water 5 Fermenter Washing 30 -- -- 30 30 00 Miscellaneous such as 6. pump and gland 40 -- 40 ------cooling etc. 7 ENA 50 50 ------Condensate Polishing 8 -- -- 305 Unit Total 2060 160 1724 481 305 176 Note: 1*30 TPH boiler @ 45 kg/cm2 shall be installed for the proposed 110 KLPD distillery. Remark: 176 KLD of concentrated spentwash shall be generated after anaerobic digester followed by MEE. (Raw spentwash quantity - 880) Solids content in raw spentwash shall be around 12 – 14 % by its weight, hence convert to 5% to 6% in anaerobic digester and finally it‘s converted to 30% by its weight after MEE. Note:

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 79 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

The consumption/losses and final wastewater generated is amounting (160 + 176) = 336 KLD. Net Water Requirement: 2060 –1724 = 336 KLD. Effluent Generation: 481 KLD out of which spentwash - 176 KLD, spentlees – 220 KLD, DM plant wastewater generation-5KLD, fermenter washing waste-30 KLD, boiler blow-down wastewater-10KLD and cooling tower wastewater generation – 40KLD. All the effluent except concentrated spentwash shall be treated in CPU and treated effluent shall be recycled in process. Concentrated spentwash shall be converted to dry powder/granules (potash rich powder/manure).

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 80 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

II. Based on “B” Heavy Molasses Table 2-20Water Budget for Distillery Division (based on “B” Heavy Molasses)

Waste Water Generation and treatment Water Consumption Reuse / Sr. Details Requirement /Losses Recovery No. Waste water Wastewater (KLD) (KLD) (KLD) Wastewater Generation treated in CPU 1. Boiler 30 TPH 695 10 675 10 10 0 2. DM Plant 25 20 -- 5 5 550 Spentwash - 110 -- 110 3 Process Water 880 -- (Evaporator Spentlees – 220 220 00 Condensate) Cooling Tower Make- 4 120 80 -- 40 40 00 up Water 5 Fermenter Washing 30 -- -- 30 30 00 Miscellaneous such as 6. pump and gland 40 -- 40 -- - -- cooling etc. 7 ENA 50 50 ------Condensate Polishing 8 -- -- 305 ------Unit Total 1840 160 1570 415 305 110 Note: 1*30 TPH boiler @ 45 kg/cm2 shall be installed for the proposed 135 KLPD distillery. Remark: 110 KLD of concentrated spentwash shall be generated after anaerobic digester followed by MEE. (Raw spentwash quantity - 660) Solids content in raw spentwash shall be around 8 – 10 % by its weight, hence convert to 4% to 5% in anaerobic digester and finally it‘s converted to 30% by its weight after MEE.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 81 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Note:

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 82 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

III. Based on Sugarcane juice/Syrup Table 2-21:Water Budget for Distillery Unit (based on Sugarcane juice / Syrup)

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 83 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

.IV. Based on Grains Table 2-22: Water Budget for Distillery Unit (based on Grains)

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 84 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

All the effluent except concentrated spentwash shall be treated in proposed CPU and treated effluent shall be recycled in process. Concentrated spentwash shall be converted to dry powder/granules. 2.7.2.3. Water Requirement and wastewater generation of the factory Table 2-23Water requirement and wastewater generation of each unit

Sr. Water Requirement KLD Wastewater generationKLD No. 1. Sugar Division Zero water requirement for sugar and 988 co-generation unit and domestic water Sugar effluent 303 requirement of 100. Spray-pond effluent 565 Water Saved – 840 (due to excess condensate from sugarcane juice) Co-generation power plant effluent 120 2. Distillery Division Based on ―C‖ Molasses 336 481 A. Concentrated spentwash 176 Spentlees 220 Other dilute effluent 85 OR Based on ―B‖ Heavy Molasses 270 415 B. Concentrated spentwash 110 Spentlees 220 Other dilute effluent 85 OR Based on ―Sugarcane Juice/Syrup‖ 394 352 C. Concentrated spentwash- 114 Spentlees 143 Other dilute effluent 95 OR Based on ―Grains‖ 489 958 D. Process and diluted wastewater 798

Other diluted effluent 160 Note: Other diluted effluent consist of DM plant wastewater, fermenter washing waste, boiler blow-down wastewater and cooling tower wastewater generation.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 85 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 2-24 Water requirement and wastewater generation per unit of product

Water Conc. Wastewater Sr. Raw Material Water requirement per Spentwash generation per unit No. used Requirement unit product generation product a. ‗C‘ Molasses 336 3.055 176 1.60 ‗B‘ Heavy b. 270 2.455 110 1.00 Molasses ‗Sugarcane c. 394 3.582 114 1.04 Juice/Syrup‘ d. Grains 489 4.445 116 1.05 2.7.3. Waste Treatment Facilities: 2.7.3.1. Effluent Treatment Plant for sugar 2.7.3.1.1. Design of Domestic Sewage Treatment Facilities for at Yashwant Sugar and Power Private Ltd., Nagewadi: SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT DESIGN

Flow for Design = 80 m3/ day

BOD = 300 - 500 mg/lit.

COD = 500 - 900 mg/lit.

Equalization Tank:

Flow= 80 m3/d

Assume Detention time of 12 hr

Volume of tank = (80*12)/24

= 40 m3

Size of Equalization tank: 5.2m*2.6m*3.5m (Including Free board)

Primary Clarifier:

Flow= 80 m3/d

SOR=15 m3/m2/d

Hence area= 80/15= 5.33 m2

Provide 3 m Diameter tank and depth 3.0 m (including Free-board)

Anaerobic Filter:

Assume Reduction in BOD after treatment of Anaerobic Filter is 40%

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 86 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Organic loading = 3 Kg. of BOD/m3/day

3 Volume of Filter = = 14 m

Assume Depth = 2.5 m and Provide 0.5m Free-board.

Therefore, Area =

Provide, 3m x 2 m x 3m

Aeration Tank:

Assume Reduction in BOD after treatment of Aeration tank is 95%

F/M = 0.1

MLSS = 2500 mg/lit.

Volume of Aeration Tank =

Assume Depth of tank = 2.5 m And Provide 0.5 m Free-board.

Therefore, Area = = 26.88 m2

Provide, 8 m x 4 m x 3 m.

Secondary Clarifier:

Flow= 80 m3/d

SOR=15 m3/m2/d

Hence area= 80/15= 5.33 m2

Provide 3 m Diameter tank and depth 3 m (including Free-board)

Sludge Drying Bed:

Solid generation per day = Volume of Aeration Tank X MLSS conc. / Sludge Retention Period (Ɵc)

= 80*2500 / 10

= 20 kg/ day

Hence sludge generation per day = (20*100)/1 = 2000 lit./day=2 m3/d

Assume depth of sludge = 0.6m

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 87 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Area = 2 / 0.6 = 3.333 m2

Provide 3 m*1.5m of sludge drying bed of 2 no‘s.

Chlorination:

Provide Chlorination unit for Flow = 5 m3/Hr.

Sump for Garden:

Sump capacity is 7 m x 6 m x 3 m = 105 Cum.

The stored treated water shall be used for Gardening purpose.

Figure 2-18 Flow sheet of Sewage Treatment Plant 2.7.3.1.2. Design of Effluent Treatment Plant Facilities for at Yashwant Sugar and Power Private Ltd., Nagewadi: I. Introduction: Yashwant Sugar and Power Private Ltd., Nagewadi, has existing Effluent Treatment Plant capacities for its 2500 TCD sugar unit. The industry proposes to expand its Sugarcane crushing capacity from 2500 TCD to 8000 TCD and establishment of 40 MW Co-generation power plant. The following characteristics are assumed for the proposed expansion of the sugar factory capacity to 8000 TCD for process effluent and spray pond effluents. A. Wastewater generated from Sugar & Co-generation Division after expansion shall be 988 m3/day (Sugar effluent - 303m3/day, co-generation power plant effluent - 120m3/day, spray pond Overflow- 565m3/day). B. Total Domestic effluent generated is 80m3/day. Table 2-25 Characteristics of sugar effluent and spray pond effluent after proposed expansion

Sr. No. Parameters Sugar process effluents Spray pond overflow 1 Flow (m3) 600 800 2 pH 5.0 – 5.5 7.0 – 7.5 3 COD (mg/l) 1600 - 2500 1200 - 1500 4 BOD (mg/l) 800 - 1200 400 - 600 5 Suspended solids (mg/l) 100 - 300 400 - 600

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 88 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Assume sugar process effluent flow – 600m3/day and spray-pond over flow -800m3/day. It is proposed to provide a combined Effluent treatment for sugar and spray pond overflow. As the suspended solids in spray pond overflow are mainly due to lime addition, a clariflocculator shall be provided to remove suspended solids and the clarified effluent shall be treated along with sugar effluent. Hence, design flow will be 1400m3/day.

The existing sugar ETP is designed for 250 m3/day, consisting of Preliminary treatment (Oil & Grease trap, screen, ―V‖ notch), Equalization Tank, Facultative Tank, Aeration Tank, Secondary Clarifier, Sludge Drying Bed and 15 days treated effluent storage tank. The total quantity of wastewater generated from sugar and co-generation unit shall be 458m3/day and spray-pond effluent of 800m3/day. The existing sugar ETP shall be modified as per requirement. After equalization tank a diffused aeration tank shall be installed. The aeration tank effluent shall be passed to proposed secondary clarifier. The excess sludge shall be dried in existing as well as proposed sludge drying beds.

The treated effluent shall be applied based on Drip irrigation principles on the factory land only to the extent possible and the remaining effluent shall be sold to farmers through bilateral agreement. The excess condensates shall be recycled back into the process by treating it into the proposed CPU of 2000m3/day. The excess condensate shall have a temperature of 85 to 90 degree Census which shall be passed through two stage Cooling Tower to reduce the temperature to ambient level and shall be treated by Aeration Tank and clarifier followed by Sand and Activated Charcoal filter). The treated excess condensates shall be used as make up water for cooling towers, dilution water for molasses, process water for sugar unit etc.

Table 2-26Existing ETP facilities

Sr. No. Treatment units Size in meters 1 Screen Bar Chamber 3x2x1 2 Oil and grease trap 8.44x5 x2.5 3 Equalization Tank 26x13x3.5 Facultative Tank 70x70x3.5 4 Aeration tank 21.5x11.5x3.5 5 Clarifier 7.5m Ø with 3.5m depth 6 Sludge drying bed 5.8x4.8-1 No. Treated effluent sump 7 70 x 30 x 3.5 15 day storage capacity

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 89 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 2-19 Flow sheet of existing effluent treatement facilities Domestic wastewater of 80m3/day shall be treated in STP and treated effluent shall be used for gardening/greenbelt development.

II. Treatment Plant Design: 1) Bar Screen Chamber& Oil Grease Trap: Size – (10×5×2.5) m. The effluent coming from ―V‖ notch is passed through bar screen chamber and oil grease trap, therefore it removed the larger material, bagasse particles and oil & grease etc.

2) Lime Dosing Tank: Size – (4×2)m. 3) Bagasse Removal: There are three chambers provided in effluent gutter and S. S. wire netting is fitted in the chamber for the screening of bagasse particles from the effluent and removed manually.

4) Flow Meter: A continuous flow meter with data logger was installed to measure the effluent quantity both at inlet and outlet.

II-A: Spray pond overflow shall be passed through clariflocculator having the overflow rate of 20m3/m2/day.

Area of the clariflocculator is 800 / 20 = 40 m2

Therefore diameter of the clariflocculator = 7.14 say 7.5 meter.

Therefore provide 7.5 m of Ø with 3.0 m depth and 0.5m free board.

Existing clarifier of 7.5 m diameter and 3.5m depth is adequate for spray-pond overflow.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 90 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Total volume = (π/4) x 7.52 x 3.5

=154.52 m3or 132.54m3 (excluding free board)

Detention time: V/Q = 132.54/800

= 3.98 say 4.0 hr.

Provide a sump before the clariflocculator having a size of 10 m3 to pump the spray pond overflow into the clariflocculator. BOD removal in the clariflocculator is assumed as 30 %. The effluent leaving the clariflocculator shall have a BOD of 600 x(1-0.3) = 420 mg/l.

II-B: The spray pond overflow shall be combined with sugar factory effluent.

BOD load = Flow x BOD concentration

Combined BOD load of sugar factory and spray pond overflow shall be.

(600 x1200 + 800 x420) = 1056000 gm/day or 1056 kgs/day

Equalization Tank:

In order to minimize the fluctuation in flow & to have uniform flow & effluent characteristic, an equalization tank of 700 m3 capacity is provided the detention time is 700/1400 = 0.5 days (i.e. 12 hr).

Provide a size of tank shall be 700 m3 but existing equalization tank of 1014m3 capacity, i.e 26x13x3.5 including 0.5 m free board, which is adequate even after expansion.

Aeration Tank Capacity:

Assume, F/M = 0.15 [F/M = (Flow×BOD concentration) / MLSS×V]

MLSS = 4000 mg/l (Mixed liquor suspended solid)

V = Aeration tank volume in million liters

V = BOD load / [(F/M) ×MLSS]

= 1056/[0.15×4000]

= 1.76 Million liters i.e 1760 m3

Required capacity of aeration tank shall be 1760m3. (i.e. 30x20x3.0 and 0.5 m free board)

Provide a tank size of 30x20x3.5 m including 0.5 m free board. 90% BOD removal is expected.

Effluent leaving aeration shall have BOD of 1056(1-0.90) = 105.6 kgs.

BOD concentration is 105.6×106 / (1400×103) = 75.43 mg/l.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 91 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

II-C: Secondary clarifier-

Combined effluents (Spray pond + process effluent) = 600 + 800 = 1400 m3

Overflow Rate = 20 m3/m2/day

Area of tank = 1400/20

=70 m2

Diameter of the clarifier is 9.44 say 9.5 m & 3.5 m dept including 0.5 m free board.

Total volume = (π/4) x 9.52 x 3.5

=248.08 m3or 212.65m3 (excluding free board)

Detention time: Q/V = 212.65/1400

= 3.65 Say 3.70 hr. II-D: Proposed/modified 15 days storage tank- The clarified effluent shall be stored in modified 15 days storage tank of size- 70 x 60 x 5.5 including 0.5 m free board.

II-E: RO

RO is design for a capacity of 45m3/hr

II-F: Sludge Drying Beds- Two Sludge Drying Beds of 5.8m x 4.8m (at present) and another sludge drying bed shall be 13.5 x 13.5 after the proposed expansion.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 92 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 2-20Modification of existing Sugar ETP

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 93 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

2.7.3.1.3. Condensate Polishing Unit: Sugar Division I. Introduction: Yashwant Sugar and Power Private Ltd., Nagewadi, proposed to expand the sugar factory capacity from 2500 TCD to 8000 TCD for which condensate polishing unit is to be installed. The excess condensate is assumed as 200 liters per ton of cane crushed. Thus the excess condensate generated shall be 1600 m3/day. Hence, the factory shall design CPU for a flow of 2000m3/day.

Table 2-27Characteristics of excess condensate generated from sugar unit

Sr. No. Parameters Value 1 Flow (m3/day) 2000 2 Temperature (0C) 850C to 900C 3 pH 6.5 – 7.5 4 COD (mg/l) 300 – 500 5 BOD (mg/l) 150 - 250 6 Suspended Solids (mg/l) < 10 7 TDS (mg/l) < 50 The treatment shall consist of: A. Cooling Towers – To reduce the temperature from 900C to 300C. B. Aeration Tank – C. Clarifier – 20m3/m2/day D. Sand and Pressure filters II Design Details: A. Cooling Towers: Suitable capacities shall be provided with the necessary accessories such as civil foundations and pumps of suitable capacity to treat 100m3/hr condensate as a temperature of 900C and outlet temperature of 300C.

B. Sump And Pump:The condensate after reducing the temperature to 300C shall be collected into a sump of 50m3 capacity and pumped to aeration tank at a rate of 100m3/hr. Thus two pumps of the capacities of 100m3/hr each shall be provided (one as such stand by).

C. Aeration Tank Design:

Flow = 2000m3/day BOD = 250 mg/l Therefore BDO load = 2000*250 =500000 gms =500 kgs Assume, F/M = 0.15 [F/M = (Flow×BOD concentration) / MLSS×V] MLSS = 4000 mg/l (Mixed liquor suspended solid) V = Aeration tank volume in million liters

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 94 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

V = BOD load / [(F/M) ×MLSS] = 500/[0.15×4000] = 0.8333 Million liters i.e 835 m3 Required capacity of aeration tank shall be 840m3. Size of tank shall be provided 20x14x 3.5m including 0.5m free board. D. Clarifier: Surface area loading 20m3/m2/day Therefore, Area is 2000/20 = 100 m2 The diameter of the clarifier – 11.29 says 11.5meters Provide a clarifier of 11.5 m Ø and depth of 3.5 meters Detention time: Q/V = 300/2000 = 3.60 hr. E. Sludge Drying Beds:

Sludge Drying Beds of (5m*5m) of 2 numbers shall be provided.

F. Filter:

Provide Sand and Charcoal filters of the capacity of 100m3/hr.

Figure 2-21Proposed Condensate Polishing Unit for Sugar Division.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 95 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

2.7.3.1.4. Condensate Polishing Unit: Distillery Division I. Introduction: Yashwant Sugar and Power Private Ltd., Nagewadi, proposed to establish 110 KLPD distillery unit for which condensate polishing unit is to be installed. The total condensate (704m3/day) and other wastes (305m3/day) shall be around 1009 m3/day.The design of the CPU is carried out for 1200 m3/day.

Table 2-28 Characteristics of condensate and other diluted wastegenerated from distillery unit Sr. No. Parameters Value 1 Flow (m3/day) 1100 2 Temperature (0C) 550C to 700C 3 pH 4.5 – 5.0 4 COD (mg/l) 3500 – 4000 5 BOD (mg/l) 1500 - 2000 6 Suspended Solids (mg/l) 10 to 20 7 TDS (mg/l) 50 to 100 The treatment shall consist of: A. Heat Exchanger – To reduce the temperature from 900C to 300C and Sump well. B. Anaerobic Filter – PVC used as media. C. Aeration Tank D. Clarifier – 20m3/m2/day E. Sand and Pressure filters II Design Details:

A. Heat Exchanger: Suitable capacities shall be provided with the necessary accessories such as civil foundations and pumps suitable capacity to treat 60m3/hr condensate at an inlet temperature of 700C and outlet temperature of 300C. The condensate after reducing the temperature to 300C shall be collected into a sump of 50m3 capacity and shall be pumped to anaerobic filter at a rate of 50m3/hr. Thus two pumps of the capacity of 50m3/hr shall be provided (one as such stand by). B. Anaerobic Filter: PVC media used for design of the anaerobic filter gives BOD removal efficiency around 40 to 45 %. The efficiency of BOD removal is considered as 40%. Flow = 1100 m3/day Detention time for anaerobic filer shall be 12 hr or 0.5 day. Volume = discharge×Detention Time =1100×0.5 =550 m3. Provide a size of 16×12×3.5 including 0.5m free board

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 96 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

BOD entering in anaerobic filter is = 1100*2000 (m3/day x mg/l) = 2200000gm/day or 2200kg/day. BOD remaining after anaerobic filtration is = 2200 (1 – 0.4) = 1320 kg/day C. Aeration Tank Design: Flow = 1100m3/day BOD = 2000 mg/l Therefore BDO load after anaerobic filter = 1100*2000* (1 – 0.40) =1320 kgs Assume, F/M = 0.15 [F/M = (Flow×BOD concentration) / MLSS×V]

MLSS = 4000 mg/l (Mixed liquor suspended solid)

V = Aeration tank volume in million liters

V = BOD load / [(F/M) ×MLSS]

= 1320/[0.15×4000]

= 2.2 Million liters i.e 2200 m3

Required capacity of aeration tank shall be 2200m3.

Size of tank – L x B x H is 37 x 20 and 3.5 m depth including 0.5 m free board. Air requirement –

Oxygen requirement is 2.0 kg of O2/kg of BOD (range 0.9 to 2 kg of O2/kg of BOD) BOD loading 1320 kg/day O2 required = 2.0*1320 =2640 kg/day

Air required = 2640*(100/21) (21% of O2 present in Air) = 12571.43 say 12572 kg/day.

D. Clarifier: Surface area loading20 m3/m2/day Therefore, Area is 1100/20 = 55 m2 Diameter of the clarifier – 8.368 Say 8.5 meters Provide a clarifier Ø of 8.5 m and liquid depth of 3.0 m and 0.5 m of free board.

Detention time: Q/V = 170.24/1100

= 3.714 Say 3.8hr.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 97 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

E. Sludge Drying Beds: Provide Sludge Drying Beds of (10m*10m) of 2 numbers shall be provided. F. Filter: Provide Sand and Charcoal filters of the capacity of 50m3/hr.

Figure 2-22 Distillery CPU Flow Sheet

Characteristics of Raw spentwash and Digester effluent

Table 2-29 Characteristics of raw spentwash and Digester Spentwash Sr. No. Parameter Unit Raw Spentwash Digester Spentwash 1. Flow m3/day 880 880 2. Temperature 0C 55-65 35-37 3. COD mg/l 120000-140000 35000-45000 4. BOD mg/l 45000-50000 6000-7000 5. Total solids % 10-13 6-8 6. Potassium as K % 1.0-1.2 1.0-1.2 7. Nitrogen % 0.3-0.4 0.2-0.3 8. Phosphorus % 0.5-0.6 0.4-0.5 9. Chlorides % 0.5-0.6 0.5-0.6 10. Sulphur % 0.6-0.7 0.2-0.3 Note: These are the theoretical values.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 98 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Calculation of Bio-gas production in Digester: Table 2-30 Bio-gas calculation for various configuration. COD Sr. Spentwash COD Kg of Bio-gas Total Bio-gas Description of Removal in No Quantity Concentra COD Production Production in Spentwash Anaerobic . m3/day tion (mg/l) Removal Rate M3/day Digester Raw Spentwash- 1 based on ‗C‘ 880 1,20,000 80,000 70,400 35,200 Molasses OR Raw Spentwas- 0.50 m3 of based on ‗B‘ 2 660 75,000 50,000 33,000 Bio-gas/kg of 16,500 Heavy Molasses COD OR Removal. Raw Spentwas- based on 3 572 35,000 25,000 14,300 7,150 Sugarcane juice/Syrup Fuel consumption: During season- Note: For season raw material used as sugarcane juice/syrup, hence quantity of bio-gas production will be 7,150m3/day say 7,000m3/day. The quantity of bagasse required for the proposed co-generation for 1*200 TPH boiler shall be 1850 MT/day (i.e 55500MT/M)

Bagasse requirement for 1*30 TPH distillery boiler shall be 280 MT/day (8400 MT/M) Calorific value of Bagasse – 2270 Kcal/Kg of Bagasse Calorific value of Bio-gas – 5000 Kcal/m3 of Bio-gas Bio-gas equivalent in bagasse = 5000/2270 =2.2 Therefore, 1 m3 of Bio-gas equivalent to 2.2 kg of bagasse, hence reduction of bagasse requirement shall be around 15.4 MT/day say 15 MT/day due to the use of bio-gas as a fuel. Thus, the bagasse requirement would be 265 MT/day instead of 280 MT/day, during season. During off season- Note: For off season raw material used as ‗B‘ heavy molasses, hence quantity of bio-gas production will be 16,500m3/day say 16,000m3/day. Coal consumption during off season shall be 150 MT/day for 1*30 TPH boiler. Calorific value of coal – 5000 kCal/kg of coal Calorific value of Bio-gas – 5000 kCal/m3 of Bio-gas.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 99 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Therefore, 1 kg of coal equivalent to 1 m3 of bio-gas, hence reduction of coal requirement shall be around 16 MT/day due to the use of bio-gas as a fuel. Thus, the coal requirement would be 134 MT/day instead of 150 MT/day, if bagasse is not available as fuel during off season.

Figure 2-23Process flow chart for spentwash treatment. 2.7.3.1.5. Ash and Sulfur content and its calculations: Table 2-31 Fuel specifications Sr. Ash Content % by Sulfur Content % by Calorific Value Type of fuel No. Wt. Wt. (Kcal/Kg) 1 Bagasse 1 - 2 0.02 Around 2270 Indian coal: 20 – 40 Indian coal: 0.5 – 1.0 Indian coal: 1330 - 6200 Import coal: 10 - 20 Import coal:1.4 – 5.2 Import coal: 4200 - 5800 2 Coal Note: Coal which has less than 0.6% Sulfure content and 15% ash content shall be imported. A) Ash content: i) Co-generation boiler ash-

The quantity of bagasse required for the proposed co-generation for 1*200 TPH boiler shall be 1850 MT/day (i.e 55500MT/M)

Therefore total ash generated = 55500*1.5/100 (Assume ash content in bagasse is 1.5%)

= 27.75 MT/day (i.e 832.5 MT/M)

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 100 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP ii) Distillery boiler ash-

A. Bagasse requirement for 1*30 TPH distillery boiler shall be 265 MT/day (7950 MT/M)

Therefore total ash generated = 7950*1.5/100 (Assume ash content in bagasse is 1.5%)

= 3.975 say 4.0 MT/day (i.e 120 MT/M).

B. If bagasse not available, 134 MT/day of imported coal shall be used as fuel for 1*30 TPH distillery boiler.

Therefore total ash generated = 134*15/100 (Assume ash content in coal is 15%)

= 20.1 MT/day

Therefore total ash generated = 27.75 + 4.0

= 31.75 MT/day (only bagasse used as fuel)

= 27.75+ 20.10 i.e. 47.85MT/day (bagasse & coal used as fuel - but both unit shall not works simultaneously because after shortage of bagasse coal shall be used for 1*30 TPH distillery boiler and that time co-generation unit will not work).

B) Sulfur content: i) Co-generation boiler-

The sulfur content in bagasse is very small amount or negligible amount.

2.7.4. Air Environment: Bagasse and bio-gas will be used as fuel in 1*200TPH and 1*30 TPH Boilers during season. The bagasse requirement of the proposed unit will be 2115 MT/D and 7000m3/day of bio-gas during season.Coal and bio-gas will be used as fuel for both boilers during off season, the coal requirement at 134MT/day and bio-gas of 16000m3/day will be used in case of shortage of bagasse for distillery boiler during off season.

Common stack of 80 meters height and electrostatic precipitator (ESP) as APC equipment will be provided to control the dispersion of pollutants releasing due to combustion of fuel.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 101 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 2-32 Details of boilers and its APC equipment for existing as well as proposed Sr. Height in APC Stack attached to Types of Fuel Remark No. meter System Present Installation

Wet scrubber shall Wet 1 Boiler 2*17.5 TPH Bagasse 45 be abandoned after Scrubber proposed expansion.

Proposed Installation Sugar & Common Stack as 1*200 TPH 1 Cogeneration Bagasse well as common Boiler Common Division ESP ESP shall be Stack of 80 m 1*30 TPH Distillery Bagasse, Bio- provided for both 2 Boiler Division gas or Coal boilers. 2.7.5. Solid waste generation: Non Hazardous solid wastes details Table 2-33 Details of non-hazardous waste generated and its disposal Sr. Description of Quantity Mode of Collection and Disposal No. waste Bagasse as fuel for both the boilers 1*200 TPH Boilers- 666 MT/M 1. Fly/ Boiler Ash Ash generated shall be used as brick 30 TPH Boiler- 96 MT/M manufacturering within factory premices 1*200 TPH Boilers – 166.5 or mixed with pressmud and sold as 2 Bottom Ash MT/M manure 30 TPH Boiler- 24 MT/M Coal as fuel for 30 TPH Distillery Boiler Fly/ Boiler Ash 482.4 MT/M Ash generated shall be used as brick manufacturering within factory premices Bottom Ash 120.6 MT/M or mixed with pressmud and sold as manure 3. ETP Sludge 300 MT/A ETP Sludge and Pressmud shall be sold 4. Pressmud 320 MT/D as manure. Other Solid Wastes 1. Paper waste 0.01 MT/M Manually collected and stored in a 2. Plastic waste 0.01 MT/M designated area and sold to scrap vendors 3. Municipal Solid waste Manually collected and sold to scrap Non-Biodegradable 3 MT/M vendors Bio-degradable 5 MT/M Used as manure. Note: The industry is negotiating with fertilizer manufacturers whereby dried spentwash shall be used as potash rich manure; in such an event anaerobic digester shall not be installed. The raw spentwash shall be concentrated in MEE and dried in spray drier.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 102 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

2.7.6. Hazardous wastes: Table 2-34 Details of hazardous waste generated and its disposal Description of Sr. No. Category Quantity Mode of Collection and Disposal waste Shall be collected in Leak Proof Containers and 1. 5.1 Used Oil 1.01 KL/A utilized as lubricant for bullock carts 2.7.7. Manpower requirement The skilled manpower required for operation of Sugar, Co-generation and distillery are available from Sangli. Yashwant Sugar And Power PrivateLtd. will require 360 people for proposed project. There will be an indirect employment generation of 300 people.

2.7.8. Land requirement The total area available with the factory is 36.55 Hectares Out of which, 13.4 Hectares will be utilized for green belt development. A detailed area breakup is given below

Table 2-35 Land use breakup details Total Area in % of Total Sr. No. Description Ha Area 1 Total Built-Up Area 2.05 5.61 2 Green Belt Area 13.4 36.66 3 Area Under Utility 3.77 10.32 4 Parking Area 5.59 15.29 5 Area Under Road 3.75 10.26 6 Open Space Area 7.99 21.86 Total Plot Area 36.55 100

2.8. Mitigation measures

Following mitigation measures will be adopted by Yashwant Sugars and Private Lld., Nagewadi Tal. Khanapur, District Sangli, Maharashtra State, to minimize the impact of the project on the surrounding environment:

Table 2-36 Impacts and Mitigation Plan Sr. Environmental Source Impact Mitigation measures No. Component 1. Air Quality - Excavation, - Increased Dust -Provide masks to the workers and Transportation levels. spray water to suppress the dust. during the - Increase in the -The green belt will be developed in the Construction, Ground level plant premises to act as a carbon sink. - Emission concentration of -Regular air quality monitoring will be through stack SPM carried out as per CPCB/SPCB norms (After the Plant - Causing and in case of any variations in the is respiratory quality of ambient air/stack emissions commissioned) diseases on necessary modifications/ replacement

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 103 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Sr. Environmental Source Impact Mitigation measures No. Component human and of the APC, equipment shall be carried animal life and out. effect on the -ESP to control stack emissions. health of vegetation 2. Water Quality -Process -Oil & grease, - Domestic effluent of 80 KLD shall be COD, BOD, low treated in STP and the treated effluent pH, and shall be used for gardening/greenbelt suspended solids development. can cause water -Wastewater generated from Sugar & pollution in co-gen division shall be 988 KLD out surface and off which sugar effluent - 303 KLD, co- groundwater and gen effluent-120 KLD and spray pond can effect on effluent- 565 KLD. This effluent shall human and be treated in existing sugar ETP after aquatic life. modification. Treated effluent will be -ETP used for gardening. performance gets Condensate generated from sugar affected, Can division shall be treated in proposed deplete dissolved CPU of capacity – 2000m3/day and oxygen and treated effluent shall be used as process affect biological /make-up water. - Hot water activity resulting -Effluent generated from proposed 110 (Condensates) in fish kills KLPD distillery shall be as follow Would affect the Sr. Description Quantity ETP No. performance if it 1. Based on ―C‖ molasses Concentrated is combined with 176 spentwash process effluent. Spentlees 220

Other dilute 85 -Spillages, effluent leakages & OR washings 2. Based on ―B‖ heavy molasses Concentrated 110 spentwash Spentlees 220 Other dilute 85 effluent OR 3. Based on ―Sugarcane Juice/Syrup

Concentrated 114 spentwash

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 104 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Sr. Environmental Source Impact Mitigation measures No. Component Spentlees 143 Other dilute 95 -Shock loads on effluent ETP. OR 4. Based on ―Grains‖ The efficiency of Process and ETP would get diluted 798 affected resulting wastewater in the poor Other diluted 160 quality of effluent effluent. Spentwash shall be treated using concentration and drying to form potash rich manure. Dilute effluents- spentlees, cooling make up wastewater, boiler blow down, fermenter washing and DM plant wastewater etc. shall be treated in proposed CPU of capacity 1100 m3/day and recycle back for cooling towers and process water. –Adopt Clean technologies as per Comprehensive Industry Document on Sugar Industry (COINDS), Control pH by biological means. - Cool the water and reuse. - Adopt dry-cleaning methods and collect the leakages, spillages and reprocess, the effluent. - Provide a separate storage pond and add in a controlled manner to ETP, to avoid shock loading 3. Noise Turbines, Affects the -Proper maintenance, oiling and Steam hearing and greasing of machines at regular exhausts, cause fatigue and intervals will be done to reduce the Vibrator, Cane sometimes generation of noise. cutters, Boiler nervous -Personal protective equipment like etc. breakdown. earplugs and earmuffs will be provided to the workers exposed to the high noise level. -Regular monitoring of noise level will be carried out and any higher noise levels shall be controlled by proper alignment/maintenance of the

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 105 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Sr. Environmental Source Impact Mitigation measures No. Component machinery. - Acoustic enclosure for turbine and D.G. sets would be provided. -Change the work schedules of the workers from high exposure places to low levels of exposure. 4. Soil Quality Application of Increase in soil -Effluent quality, as well as quantity, treated effluent salinity. shall be strictly controlled by regular monitoring. 5 Solid/Hazardous Boiler/Stack- Impact on -Ash sold to brick manufacturer/mixed waste Ash, worker health with Pressmud and sold as manure. Environment ETP- Sludge -Spent oil is collected in Leak Proof and Spent oil, Containers and utilized as lubricant for Process- bullock carts. Pressmud and -ETP sludge, yeast sludge and Yeast sludge. pressmud used as manure. 6. Green-belt All around the Helps to reduce -Provide at least 1500 plants per hectare factory and greenhouse covering more than 33% area of the within the gases. total area.

premises -Increase O2 level

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 106 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

3. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 3.1. Introduction Baseline data collection is very important part of the Environmental Impact Assessment study; it helps to evaluate the predicted impacts on the various environmental attributes in the study area by using scientifically developed and widely accepted environmental impact assessment methodologies. This further helps in preparing an Environment Management Plan (EMP) considering the measures for improving the environmental quality and scope for future improvements for sustainable development. The baseline environmental study also helps to identify the critical environmental attributes, which are required to be monitored after implementation of the project.

This chapter contains the description of the existing environmental status of the study area with reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The existing environmental setting is considered to adjudge the baseline conditions which are described with respect to climate, hydro-geological aspects, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality, vegetation pattern, ecology, socio-economic profile, landuse, places of archaeological importance etc.

3.1.1. Study area The study area is considered within 10 km radius of the project site at Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli, Maharashtra State.Study area map (toposheet view of the study area) of proposed project is shown in Figure 2.4.

3.1.2. Study period Baseline monitoring study and surveys of the study area has been carried out in the month from December 2019 to February 2020.

3.2. Methodology The guidelines given in the EIA Manual of the MoEF & CC and methodologies mentioned in Technical EIA Guidelines Manual for Sugar and Distilleries by IL&FS Ecosmart Ltd., approved by MoEF&CC is followed for conducting the baseline environmental survey.For the present study, all the sampling locations are marked with the help of topographical maps. The land use/ land cover map has been generated on 1:50,000 scale using Satellite imagery, topographical maps, Survey of India and ground truth information. The baseline environmental quality has been assessed duringSeason (December 2019 to February 2020).Meteorological station was established at the factory site to collect the primary data and Meteorological data of IMD station at Sangli, Maharashtra has been used as secondary data. Samples of air, water and soil from the site and study area have been collected and analyzed as Base line data. While generating the baseline data, the concept of impact zone has been considered. The impact zone selection is based on preliminary screening and modeling studies. The methodologies for various environmental facets are as follows:

Ambient Air Quality: The guidelines for selections of ambient air monitoring stations are fixed as per IS– 5182 part 14.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 107 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Water Quality: To assess the water quality of the proposed area, sampling was done as per the standard practice. Grab and integrated sampling was done for ground and surface water. Water samples were taken as per the Standard Methods (IS & APHA, 23nd Edition 2017). Necessary precautions were taken for preservation and transportation of samples. The physical parameters viz. pH, temperature and conductivity were measured at site using portable water analyzer. The D.O was fixed at the site and analysis was carried out at the Laboratory.

Ambient Noise Quality: At each station noise level was monitored for 24-hours. Simultaneously for each measurement, dB (A) readings were taken for every 15 minutes for 24 hrs ones in a season to get Leq. values.

Soil Quality: For soil, augur method was used and samples were collected at 30cm depth after removing the upper crust.

Land Use: The landuse/land cover map has been generated on 1:50,000 scale using Satellite imagery, topographical maps, Survey of India and ground truth information.

Biological Environment:Primary and secondary data collection has been done by the Ecology and Biodiversity team for the study of flora and fauna in the core and Buffer Zone.

Socio Economic Environment:For demography and socio-economics, block wise data has been collected and used for the assessment of impacts.

Micro-Meteorological Data: Site specific Micro-Meteorological Data has been used for the study. The important parameters considered are temperature, humidity & wind speed.

3.3. Land use pattern of the study area The knowledge of land use and land cover is important for many planning and management activities as it is considered an essential element for modeling and understanding the earth feature system. Land use is defined as any human activity or economically related function associated with a specific piece of land, while the term land cover relates to the type of feature present on the surface of the earth (Lillesand and Kiefer, 2000). Land cover maps are presently being developed from local to regional and national to global scales. The land is the most useful resource on which all human activities are being conducted. Man is utilizing it by various means same time some natural activities are also taking place. The land resources used for human purpose termed as “land use” which varies with the purposes it serves. According to Meyer (1995), Land use and land cover are distinct though they are closely linked characteristics of the earth‘s surface and there is no standard universally accepted set of categories for classifying land either by use or cover. Land use is the way in which, and the purposes for which, human beings employ the land and its resources e.g. farming, mining, lumbering, settlement transportation, etc. In planning and development activities the information about land use and land cover is very much important. In Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) projects Landuse condition is one of the vital aspects. This section focuses on the study of land use condition covering area 10 km on all sides forming a square of 20 km * 20 km around the factory site. The study area covers about 400 sq. km (40,000 ha) land which possesses diverse land use. Using temporal dataset an attempt is made to understand the changes occurred in land use, in due course of time.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 108 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

3.3.1. Data In this land use study, both primary and secondary source of data is utilized. The Survey of India toposheet and satellite images are used for mapping. Especially the Land use within a square of 20 km *20 km around the factory site study area is studied with the help of satellite imagery. Table belowrepresents the details of used satellite data. Table 3-1 Details of the used Satellite datasets Dataset No. Satellite Sensor Date Source Spatial Resolution Band Dataset - I IRS LISS III 13-November -2011 BHUVAN 24 m 3 Dataset - II IRS LISS III 17-November -2017 BHUVAN 24 m 3

Figure 3-1Study Area – 20 km * 20 km around the factory site

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 109 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 3-2Study area map 13-November-2011 and 17-November- 2017 3.3.2. Methodology The Figure 3.2 & Figure 3.3 are derived from LISS-III of Bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in. It shows that most of the area near the River is under agricultural use whereas some patches of fallow land are also visible. The study area is located on the banks of Yeralaand Bhagyaganga Rivers hence it is having average plane topography. The demarcation of study area 10 km from all sides of the project site forming a square of 20 km *20 km i.e. 400 Sq. km or 40,000 Ha is carried out by using Survey of India toposheet and Google earth. The satellite images of the study area are utilized for spatio-temporal mapping. The image processing software is applied for image preprocessing and classification of the satellite data. The land use and land cover contains broad range where each region has its own characteristics and specific land use; therefore, number of classification systems is developed. The study of land use / land cover change will be characterized by integrated, interdisciplinary approaches. In this study the region is broadly classified into Water bodies, Settlement, Open Scrub, Agricultural, Barren land and Grazing etc. The generated maps are validated with other authentic data and GPS readings. The interpretation of generated maps is made to derive results and further analysis. In second phase quantification is carried out to understand the change occurred in land use. The land use condition of these years are mapped and tried to understand the actual change in various classes of land use. In last phase, secondary data published by the census of India is used for graphical analysis. The final land use map is prepared after field verification and used as a final map. 3.3.3. Landuse / Landcover Mapping –2011& 2017 The land use classification within the study area of 20 km * 20 km square around the project location and the areas coming under the respective classifications are as given in Figure 3.2, 3.3, and Table 3.2. This data is derived from satellite imagery classification and final land use land cover map. 3.3.4. Change in Land use (2011& 2017) Above figures and Table 3.2 shows the land use land cover condition of two different periods, during the first period (2011) and the second period (2017). It can observe that the area under settlement land and agricultural land has increased, while another land use during the second period (2017) is reduced.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 110 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 3-2Change in General Land use/ Land cover of Study Area (2011 to 2017) Area in km2 % of Study Area Landuse 2011 2017 2011 2017 Water Bodies 1.83 4.20 0.46 1.05 Settlement 23.02 28.40 5.76 7.10 Open Scrub 72.61 52.57 18.15 13.14 Agriculture 137.35 160.19 34.34 40.05 Barren Land 129.40 115.24 32.35 28.81 Grazing 35.71 39.38 8.93 9.85 Total 399.93 399.98 100.00 100.00

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 111 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 3-3Study Area Classified Map-A: 13-Nov-2011 and Map-B: 17-Nov-2017

180.00 160.00

140.00

120.00 100.00 80.00

60.00 Area km sq. in 40.00 20.00 0.00 Water body Settlement Open Scrub Agriculture Baren land Grazing

Landuse Pattern-2011 Landuse Pattern-2017

Figure 3-4Bar chart showing comparison in General Landuse/ Land cover of Study Area of 2011 and 2017

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 112 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

3.3.5. Conclusion  In the year 2011 water body area is about 1.83 km2, whereas in the year 2017 is increased and it is 4.20km2.  It can be inferred that there is an increase in area of 8.54 % under water body,settlement, agricultural and grazing land whereas a decrease in area under open scruband barren land is 8.54%.  Increase in water body due to Tembhu Lift Irrigation Project.  Increase in agricultural land due to improved irrigation facilities like drip/trickle irrigation instead of surface and subsurface irrigation techniques. Therefore barren land is converted into agricultural land.  Increase in settlement due to an increase in industrial growth and migration of the people. 3.3.6. Reference Patekar P. R. and Patil R. R. (2014), ―Land Use-Land Cover Change Detection Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques; Solapur District of Maharashtra, India‖, International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS 2014, Volume 3, Issue 1, pp. 499-505, ISSN 2320 – 0243.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 113 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

3.4. Hydrology, Geology, Geohydrology and Structure Introduction Khanapur is a major Taluka in Sangli district and is also major agricultural zone and it is situated in the north eastern part of the district. Khanapur is one of the 10 tehasils of the district and well known for its grapes and sugar cane production .The topography of Khanapur is carved by a very small Bhagyganga River which flows from southern part of Khanapur and is a tributary of Krishna River which is a major River of Maharashtra .The major crops are grapes, sugarcane, groundnut and jawar. Most of the area in and around Khanapur is well irrigated through a number of lift irrigation schemes and a good network of canals. The coordinates of the region are 17.15 N and 74.42 E. There are 62 villages in the taluka and the total population is 2, 96,354 as per 2011 census. Climatically, Khanapur has moderate climate in all seasons. The average rainfall in the area is 590mm spread over 48 rainy days. The temperature ranges from 25 to 40 degree Celsius on an average. The major villages in 10 km radius of the Yashwant sugar factory are Hingangade, Nagewadi, Bhagyanagar, Ghanwad, Chikhalhol etc.

Figure 3-5Location Map 3.4.1. Geomorphology- The area under study mostly consists of a flat topography towards the western side and slightly hilly and rugged topography towards the east.The region mostly consists of vast plain area sloping eastwards and bounded by Bhagyaganga Rivers. The topography is unlike the rest of the Deccan trap region with average height of 560 meters of which 80 % is below 540 meters. This has been mainly due to the presence of Krishna River and its tributaries developing extensive alluvial tract.. At some

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 114 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP placesparticularly towards the eastern part of the taluka a locally rugged topography can be observed. Out of the total area 1, 32,609 km2 area of the taluka 75 to 80% is plain region.

Figure 3-6 General flat topography of the region. 3.4.2. Drainage- The term drainage describes the River system of the area. The streams within a drainage basin form certain patterns depending upon the slope of land underlying rock structure as well as the climatic conditions of the area. The YeralaRiver and Bhagyaganga has carved a neatly developed drainage in the region. The dendritic to sub dendritic drainage pattern develops where the River channel follows the general slope of terrain. Most streams are first to third order streams and prominently showsemi dendritic drainage pattern which is typical of the Deccan Trap terrain. The drainage density in the region is low as compared to the rest of the Deccan trap region.

Figure 3-7 Yerala river drainage map

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 115 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

3.4.3. Soil-

The area typically shows of different soil types. The coarse shallow soils light brown in colour and loamy to sandy in nature. This type of soil covers 33 % of the area. The medium black variety of soil occurs mainly in the central and northern part of the taluka that covers 26 % of the area. However the most dominant soil type of the region is the deep black soil which is highly fertile and productive. It covers about 41% of the region. In addition to these types saline and sandy soil also occurs at isolated locations.

Figure 3-8 Deep black soil near River bed 3.4.4. Geology- The geological formation in the region consists of the Deccan Trap Basalts(Cretaceous-Eocene) and the recent alluvium of Krishna. Basalts occupy about 95% of the region and are overlain by alluvium. Basalts normally occur with a horizontal disposition and as sequential layers or flows with thickness ranging from 15 to 40 m. Two main types of basalts occur in the region, vesicular and non vesicular. The vesicular variety consists of small to large vesicles which are formed due to escape of gases during cooling of the lava. The non vesicular variety often is compact and jointed in nature and show vertical, horizontal or oblique joints. Deccan Trap Basalts of the region are dark grey to greenish grey in colour and contains augite and plagioclase as the essential minerals. At many places zeolitic basalt also can be seen with infillings of quartz and calcite.

3.4.5. Seismicity and Tectonics- The area has not experienced any seismicity in the recent past nor there any historical records of any kind of tectonic activity. There are no major marked lineaments in the region thus can be regarded as shield region.

3.4.6. Hydrogeology- The main aquifers in the region are the inter-trappean beds or decomposed zones of the Deccantraps. At places the presence of joints yield sufficient quantity of ground water.The depth of water table is variable, between 6 to 14 meters. Khanapur taluka receives an average rainfall of 590 mm with 48 rainy days on an average.

Since most of the area is occupied by extensive alluvium which is at places 8 to 10 meters thick and the area is irrigated by a network of lift irrigation schemes and canals. There are less numbers of wells in the area surrounding the sugar factory.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 116 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 3-9 A well near Nagewadi showing weathered basalts. 3.4.7. Ground water related issues problemsand their mitigation - While discussing the ground water related issues following points need to be considered. 1) The area falls in the rain shadow zone of Sahyadri leading to meager average rainfall. 2) Due to less rainfall and limited irrigation facilities farmers largely rely on ground water resources. 3) This leads to overall depletion of water table in the surrounding regions. 4) The available rain is scanty and erratic in nature. 5) The number of open wells are much less than the number of bore wells. This has resulted in further deepening of the water table. 6) In the past 5 to 6 years due to the Tembhu lift irrigation schemes the area is getting benefited. This will result in increasing ground water potential of the region in a long run. - Impact and Remedies - 1) The sugar factory plans to withdraw water from Bhagyanagar lake situated at a distance of 3.5 kms West of the factory premise to cater for its industrial and domestic use. Thus there will be no adverse impact on the ground water. 2) The industry plans to release the treated effluents in its own premises; however this will have adverse impact on the water quality in the wells. An area 2-3 kms surrounding the site may face ground water quality deterioration. 3) Since agriculture is the main source of lively hood in the region at most care should be taken to use the ground water resources. Ground water should not be used even for domestic purpose as the industry gets its needed requirement from surface water resource. 4) Artificial recharge systems should be employed .Community wells, defunct wells can be used for this purpose. 5) All the agriculture land holders in the surrounding region should be promoted to construct farm ponds that will reduce dependence on ground water.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 117 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

3.5. Air Environment and Meteorology 3.5.1. Meteorological characteristics of the study area Meteorological data is processed through preprocessor of AERMOD, AERMET to plot wind rose diagram. The same data has undergone a Quality Assessment check by using the QA surface variables in the software.

Figure 3-10Windrose diagram for the study area (blowing from)

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 118 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

From Figure 3.9 it can be seen that the predominant wind direction is from West to East direction. Also, the resultant vector of the wind is 269 degrees, with the occurrence of 46 %. This has been used in selecting the receptors. A maximum number of receptors are in Eastdirection, which is opposite to predominant wind direction.

3.5.2. Pollutant receptor locations Inside the industry, the stack is located at 17° 20'12.44"N, 74°31'38.88"E. The receptors are chosen for finding incremental concentrations after expansion of industry, by using AERMOD software as well as for setting Ambient Air Monitoring stations. Receptors are chosen according to their distance and angle with respect to the proposed stack.Total 8 receptors are selected out of which 2 receptors chosen inside the factory premises. As the predominant wind direction is from West direction, hence maximum receptors are selected from East direction. Receptors are taken within 10 km radius.

Table 3-3Receptor Summary Descripti Distance Angle Sr. on of Receptor/Village Latitude Longitude (in meter) w. r. t. No. Receptor from stack stack- Factory Location 17°20'10.83"N 74°31'36.15"E -- -- 1 -- Stack 17°20'12.44"N 74°31'38.88"E -- -- 2 AAQ-1 Factory (Main Gate) 17°20'10.60"N 74°31'32.40"E 200 254 Factory ( Near Molasses 3 AAQ -2 17°20'5.34"N 74°31'42.32"E 240 155 tank) 4 AAQ -3 Vita mayni road-Vita 17°17'28.27"N 74°32'2.89"E 5100 72 5 AAQ -4 Wasumbe 17°17'44.08"N 74°35'48.26"E 8660 122 6 AAQ -5 Devnagar 17°19'23.92"N 74°34'58.02"E 6070 104 7 AAQ -6 Salshinge 17°20'38.18"N 74°34'1.25"E 4280 79 8 AAQ -7 Kanharwadi 17°22'7.28"N 74°29'35.07"E 5080 314 9 AAQ -8 Bhikawadi khurd 17°20'3.19"N 74°26'36.11"E 6390 258

Where,

AAQ – Ambient Air Monitoring Stations

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 119 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 3-11 10 km. radius study area map indicating Ambient air quality monitoring locations 3.5.3. Methodology for Ambient Air Monitoring Table 3-4 Ambient Air Monitoring methodology Sampling Analytical Sensitivity/ Sampling Equipment Methodology parameter Equipment Detection Limit Respirable Dust Sampler Gravimetric Method, PM10 with cyclonic technique Electronic balance 10 μg IS: 5182 (Part 23) & Flow measurement Fine particulate sampler CPCB guidelines, PM2.5 Electronic balance 10 μg with mass flow controller Volume-1, 2011 Gaseous flow attachment UV-VIS Colorimetric IS:5182 SO with Respirable Dust 1.7 μg/m3 2 Spectrophotometer (Part 2) Sampler Gaseous flow attachment UV-VIS Colorimetric IS:5182 NOx with Respirable Dust 0.5 μg/m3 Spectrophotometer (Part 6) Sampler Non Dispersive Infra Non Dispersive Infra Red CO NDIR Analyser 0.006 mg/m3 Red Spectroscopy IS: Spectroscopy (NDIR) 5182 (Part 10)

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 120 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

3.5.4. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) Table 3-5 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS

Concentration in Ambient Air Time weighted Pollutant Ecologically Sensitive area average Industrial, Rural and other area ( Notified by Central Government)

3 Annual 50 20 SO2, (μg/m ) 24 Hr. 80 80

3 Annual 40 30 NO2 ,(μg/m ) 24 Hr. 80 80 Annual 60 60 PM10, (μg/m3) 24 Hr. 100 100 Annual 40 40 PM2.5, (μg/m3) 24 Hr. 60 60 8 Hr 02 02 CO (mg/m3) 1 Hr 04 04

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 121 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

3.5.5. Ambient Air Quality within study area Table 3-6Ambient Air monitoring results

Sr. Description Sample PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx CO 3 3 3 3 3 No. of Receptors Location (µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m ) (mg/m ) Maximum 67.1 42.5 24.6 27.5 1.0 Factory Minimum 54.5 26.3 10.2 12.0 0.6 1 AAQ-1 (Main Gate) Average 58.9 31.1 17.8 21.0 0.8 98th Percentile 65.9 41.7 24.4 27.3 1.0 Factory Maximum 66.4 40.2 24.1 24.8 1 (Near Minimum 45.7 25.3 13.2 14.2 0.3 2 AAQ-2 Molasses Average 59.1 35.1 20.6 21.2 0.6 tank) 98th Percentile 66.2 40.0 24.0 24.7 1.0 Maximum 72.5 38.6 22.7 26.7 1.2 Vita mayni Minimum 45.4 24.6 10.0 14.7 0.3 3 AAQ-3 road-Vita Average 55.5 32.1 17.2 21.1 0.7 98th Percentile 68.8 38.1 22.4 26.4 1.2 Maximum 64.1 35.8 19.5 27.9 0.8 Minimum 44.3 26.8 12.1 14.5 0.3 4 AAQ-4 Wasumbe Average 51.3 30.1 15.3 21.0 0.5 98th Percentile 60.4 34.8 19.0 27.4 0.8 Maximum 65.1 39.4 30.4 31.2 1.0 Minimum 48.4 27.5 14.3 17.2 0.3 5 AAQ-5 Devnagar Average 56.2 36.5 20.5 22.8 0.7 98th Percentile 63.5 39.4 29.3 30.9 1.0 Maximum 53.3 28.3 19.3 19.6 0.7 Minimum 40.1 21.3 13.1 13.4 0.2 6 AAQ-6 Salshinge Average 46.8 24.3 16.4 17.1 0.5 98th Percentile 52.7 28.3 18.9 19.5 0.7 Maximum 59.2 36.3 22.9 25.8 1.0 Minimum 39.7 24.1 13.0 15.2 0.2 7 AAQ-7 Kanharwadi Average 48.5 28.8 17.4 19.6 0.5 98th Percentile 57.5 35.8 22.8 25.2 0.9 Maximum 62.3 41.5 22.9 29.1 1.0 Bhikawadi Minimum 41.8 27.4 8.4 17.1 0.2 8 AAQ-8 Khurd Average 50.4 31.3 16.3 22.7 0.6 98th Percentile 62.1 41.1 22.3 28.7 1.0

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 122 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

1. Particulate Matter (PM10)

2.Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

th The maximum, minimum, average and 98 percentile concentrations for Particulate Matter (PM2.5) monitored in the study area were 21.3– 42.5μg/m3. Highest 98th percentile value is 41.7μg/m3 which was observed at factory near Main Gate (Location-1). The concentration of PM2.5 is well below the prescribed limit of 60μg/m3.

3. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

The Minimum, maximum, average and 98th percentile value of Sulphur dioxide in the study area from the monitored data was in the range of 8.4 – 30.4μg/ m3. Maximum 98th Percentile value of Sulfur dioxide is 3 29.3 μg/ m obtained at Devnagar (Location-5). The concentration of SO2 is well below the prescribed limit of 80μg/m3.

4.Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

The Minimum, maximum, average and 98th percentile value of Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) in the study area from the monitored data was in the range of 12.0– 31.2μg/ m3. Maximum 98th Percentile value of Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) is 30.9 μg/ m3obtained at Devnagar (Location-5). The concentration of NOx is well below the prescribed limit of 80μg/m3.

5. Carbon Monoxide (CO)

The maximum, minimum, average and 98th percentile concentrations for Carbon Monoxide (CO) monitored in the study area were 0.2 – 1.2 mg/m3respectively. Highest 98th Percentile value is 1.2 mg/ m3 was recorded at Vita-Mayni-Road Vita (Location-3). The concentration of CO is well below the prescribed limit of 4 mg/ m3.

The ambient air quality monitoring results indicates that the overall air quality in the study area is within permissible standards prescribed by NAAQ Standards.

3.5.6. Scenario after proposed expansion Sugar factory is having the existing sugarcane crushing capacity of 2500 TCD. After proposed expansion in sugar from 2500 TCD to 8000 TCD, establishment of 40 MW co-generation power plant and 110 KLPD distillery unit.

At present bagasse quantity of 423 MT/day required during the season and the bagasse quantity of 1427 MT/day shall be required after proposed expansion during season as fuel for sugar and co-generation unit and for distillery unit bagasse requirement shall be 265 MT/day, Bio-gas quantity of 7000m3/day during season and during of season bio-gas quantity of 16000 m3/day and coal of 134 MT/day shall be required in case of shortage of bagasse for 1*30 TPH boiler, hence air quality predictions are done considering the

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 123 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP fuel quantity of proposed scenario, results of which are indicated in the following tables. Emission data is collected through Source emission monitoring according to IS 11255 (Part-1 to 3 and Part-7). Results of the same as described below. These pollutant emission rates are used in AERMOD software to compute incremental GLCs for these receptors at selected receptors.

The industry has engaged in manufacturing of Sugar. Based on the demand supply gap of the domestic as well as international market, the industry proposes to expand its manufacturing capacity as well as establishing co-generation power plant and distillery product like RS/ENA/Ethanol.

Additional 2 boilers of 1*200 TPH for sugar division and 1*30 TPH for distillery division will be installed for the proposed expansion and existing 2*17.5 TPH boilers shall be abounded. Air quality predictions are done considering the bagasse or coal as a fuel and total quantity of fuel used after the proposed expansion shall be 2115 MT/day of bagasse, 7000 m3/day of biogas during season, 134 MT/day of coal and 16000 m3/day of Bio-gas in case of shortageof bagasse during of season. The results of which are indicated in the following tables. Emission data is calculated based on fuel characteristics and Source emission monitoring according to IS 11255 (Part-1 to 3 and Part-7). Results of the same are described below. These pollutant emission rates are used as an input to AERMOD software to compute incremental GLCs for all the receptor locations.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 124 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

3.5.6.1. Emission inventory (Stack Monitoring) Table 3-7 Emission Inventory – Stack Monitoring

Sr. No. Particulars Description A. Point Source (Stack attached to boiler) 1 Stack attached to Power generation boiler Distillery boiler 2 Capacity 1*200 TPH 30 TPH 3 Fuel type Bagasse Bagasse or Coal Bagasse -265 MT/day 4 Total fuel quantity requirement 1850 MT/day or Coal-134 MT/day 5 Stack height 80 m. 6 Stack diameter 4.0 m. 7 Flue gas temp. 1200 - 1350C 8 Flue gas velocity 7.5 – 11.0 m/s 9 Controlling equipment ESP – 99% removal efficiency 10 Emission rate (g/sec) i. TPM 2.94 Based on Observed Conc.& Fuel ii. NOx based on observed concentrations – 7.6 Based on Fuel - Bagasse - 0.02% or Coal – 0.6% based on observed concentrations – 7.121 iii. SO 2 based on fuel characteristics - Bagasse - 9.8 based on fuel characteristics - Coal – 18.61 11 Ash content 31.75 MT/day 12 Ash below grate 6.35 MT/day (20 % of the total ash) 13 Remaining Ash 25.40 MT/day (80 % of the total ash) Ash going to stack, QPM (with ESP 14 0.254 MT/day (Consider 99% ESP Efficiency) removal efficiency of 99%) 15 Ambient temperature 300C B. Line Source (Vehicular emission) Average time of movement of vehicle inside the premises 5 min Distance travelled by the vehicles inside premises 0.2 km

QPM (g/sec) 0.1045

QNOx (g/sec) 1.1349

QCO (g/sec) 0.5857 3.5.7. Determination of emission rates:- STACK EMISSION CALCULATIONS: Calculation of PMemission- A) PM10 & PM2.5emissions rate (based on fuel characteristics) for 1*200 TPH and 1*30 TPH boilers:-

Total ash going to stack after ESP = 0.254 TPD

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 125 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Therefore, QPM = 2.94 g/s.

QPM10 = 45 % of QPM

QPM10 = 1.323 g/s.

QPM2.5 = 30 % of QPM

QPM2.5 = 0.882 g/s.

Calculation of NOxemission- B) NOXemissions rate(based on assumed max emission standards concentrations) for 1*200 TPH and 1*30 TPH boilers.

QNOx = assumed max emission standards * area*velocity * (Ta/Ts)

= 80* {(3.1415/4)*42}*9.1 * (301/398) /1000

QNOx = 7.6 g/s

(Remark:Assumed NOx=80 mg/Nm3, Stack dia=4.0 m, velocity of flue gas=9.1 m/s, ambient temp=280C & Exist gas temp=1250C)

Calculation of SO2emission-

C) SO2emissions rate (based on assumed max emission standards concentrations) for 1*200 TPH and 1*30 TPH boilers.

QSO2 = assumed max emission standards * area*velocity * (Ta/Ts)

= 75* {(3.1415/4)*42}*10 * (301/398) * 1000 QSO2 =7.121 g/s

(Remark:Assumed SO2=75 mg/Nm3, Stack dia=4.0 m, velocity of flue gas=9.1 m/s, ambient temp=280C & Exist gas temp=1230C)

D) SO2emission rate (based on fuel characteristics)) for 1*200 TPH and 1*30 TPH boilers.

Sulfur content in bagasse – 0.02% by weight, total fuel used shall be – 2130 MT/day

Sulfur content = (0.02/100)*2115

= 0.423 MT/day

Therefore, QSO2 content = 2*0.423

= 0.846 MT/day or 9.8g/s.

Sulfur content in Coal – 0.6 % by weight, total fuel used shall be – 134 MT/day

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 126 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Sulfur content = (0.6*134)/100

= 0.804 MT/day

Therefore, QSO2 content = 2*0.804

= 1.608 MT/day or.18.61g/s.

LINE SOURCE EMISSION CALCULATIONS: Table 3-8 Description of Vehicular emission Type of Emission factor (g/km) Sr. No. No. of vehicle vehicle P.M. NOx CO 1 Trucks 120 1.24 13.84 6.0 2 Motorcycles 60 0.035 0.27 1.65 3 Car 10 0.008 0.75 4.53 4 Jeep 10 0.57 1.7 1.38 5 Bullock cart 500 ------Consider,

Average time of movement of vehicle inside the premises is 5 min. or 300 sec.

Distance travelled by the vehicles inside premises is about 0.2 km.

QPM Calculations:

QPM (g/s) = summation of (No. of vehicles *Emission factor of PM*Distance traveled/Travel time)

= (120*1.24*0.2/300) + (70*0.035*0.2/300) + (10*0.008*0.2/300) + (10*0.57*0.2/300)

= 0.10451 g/s.

QNOx Calculations:

QNOx (g/s) = summation of (No. of vehicles *Emission factor of NOx*Distance traveled/Travel time)

= (150*13.84*0.2/300) + (80*0.27*0.2/300) + (10*0.75*0.2/300) + (10*1.7*0.2/300)

=1.1349 g/s.

QCO Calculations:

QCO(g/s) = summation of (No. of vehicles *Emission factor of CO*Distance traveled/Travel time)

= (150*6.0*0.2/300) + (80*1.65*0.2/300) + (10*4.53*0.2/300) + (10*1.38*0.2/300)

=0.5857 g/s.

3.5.8. Stack Height Calculations A common stack shall be provided for all boilers (1*200 TPH & 1*30 TPH)

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 127 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

1) On the basis of particulate matter emission rate:

Stack height (H) =74*Q0.27

Where, Q is Ash rate in ton per hour and H in meter.

Quantity of ash generated will be 31.75 MT/day or 1.323 MT/hr.

H=74*Q0.27

H=74*(1.323)0.27

H=79.809 meter

Therefore, a stack height of 80 meter with a diameter of 4.0 meter required based on particulate matter emission.

2)On the basis of SO2 emission rate:

Stack height (H) =14*Q0.30

Where, Q is Ash rate in Kg/hr and H in meter

A)Bagasse as fuel:SO2 emission rate will be 0.846 MT/day or 9.792g/s i.e 35.30 Kg/hr.

H=14*Q0.30

H=14*(35.30)0.30

H=40.78 meter

B)Coal as fuel:SO2 emission rate will be 1.608 MT/day or 18.61g/s i.e 67 Kg/hr.

H=14*Q0.30

H=14*(67)0.30

H=49.43 meter

Therefore, a stack height of 50 meter with a diameter of 4.0 meter required based on SO2 emission.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 128 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Note: From the above calculations the stack height required shall be 79.809 meters based on particulate matter emission rate and 50 meter based on SO2 emission rate. Therefore, provide a stack height of 80 m with diameter 4.0 m. Table 3-9 The proposed boilers specification Sr. Boiler capacity Stack Height Stack Diameter APC Equipment No. (TPH) (meter) (meter) 1 1*200 ESP 80 4.0 3 1*30 3.5.9. Results of the AERMOD software for air quality predictions for proposed expansion ofthe factory The proposed expansion of Sugarcane crushing capacity from 2500 TCD to 8000 TCD, establishment of distillery 110 KLPD and co-generation power plant of 40 MW. The AERMOD software was developed by US-EPA and American Meteorological Society (AMS) to compute dispersion of air pollutants in the ambient air due to the various sources. In this study, emissions from proposed stack are coupled with the subsequent meteorological data by using AERMOD 8.0.5air quality model. Also, dispersion patterns are studied by the output of concentration isopleths plotted by the software. Incremental concentration values for selected receptors are added in the background concentration values.

Background concentration means the arithmetic mean of the results of the ambient air monitoring, performed for the period of three months with twice a week sampling frequency at selected receptors. For this project the period selected as in between December 2019 to February 2020.Incremental concentrations are the air quality modeling predictions, computed by AERMOD 8.0.5 software model considering proposed expansion/establishment in sugar complex. After proposed expansion, the bagasse quantity requirement shall be around 2115 MT/day for boiler. Addition of background and incremental concentration from both boilers is considered to be Total Concentrations.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 129 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

3.5.10. PM10 – 24 hour concentrations, for proposed expansion Table 3-10 PM10 - 24 hr. Concentrations, computed by AERMOD 8.0.5

3 Sr. PM10- 24 hour concentration (μg/m ) Receptor/Village No. Background Incremental Total 1 Factory (Main Gate) 67.1 0.06 67.16 2 Factory ( Near Molasses tank) 66.4 0.16 66.56 3 Vita mayni Road-Vita 72.5 0.01 72.51 4 Wasumbe 64.1 0.03 64.13 5 Devnagar 65.1 0.07 65.17 6 Salshinge 53.3 0.08 53.38 7 Kanharwadi 59.2 0.02 59.22 8 Bhikawadi Khurd 62.3 0.05 62.35 NAAQ Standards (Time weighted average- 24 hr) 100 (μg/m3)

3.5.11. PM2.5 – 24 hour concentrations, for proposed expansion Table 3-11 PM2.5 - 24 hr. Concentrations, computed by AERMOD 8.0.5

3 Sr. PM2.5- 24 hour concentration (μg/m ) Receptor/Village No. Background Incremental Total 1 Factory (Main Gate) 42.5 0.04 42.54 2 Factory ( Near Molasses tank) 40.2 0.10 40.3 3 Vita mayni Road-Vita 38.6 0.01 38.61 4 Wasumbe 35.8 0.02 35.82 5 Devnagar 39.4 0.05 39.45 6 Salshinge 28.3 0.05 28.35 7 Kanharwadi 36.3 0.02 36.32 8 Bhikawadi Khurd 41.5 0.03 41.53 NAAQ Standards (Time weighted average- 24 hr) 60 (μg/m3)

3.5.12. SO2 – 24 hour concentrations, for proposed expansion Table 3-12 SO2 - 24 hr. Concentrations, computed by AERMOD 8.0.5

3 Sr. SO2- 24 hour concentration (μg/m ) Receptor/Village No. Background Incremental Total 1 Factory (Main Gate) 24.6 0.83 25.43 2 Factory ( Near Molasses Tank) 24.1 2.20 26.3 3 Vita mayni Road-Vita 22.7 0.23 22.93 4 Wasumbe 19.5 0.43 19.93 5 Devnagar 30.4 1.02 31.42 6 Salshinge 19.3 1.07 20.37 7 Kanharwadi 22.9 0.36 23.26

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 130 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

3 Sr. SO2- 24 hour concentration (μg/m ) Receptor/Village No. Background Incremental Total 8 Bhikawadi Khurd 22.9 0.60 23.5 NAAQ Standards (Time weighted average- 24 hr) 80 (μg/m3) 3.5.13. NOx – 24 hour concentrations, for proposed expansion Table 3-13 NOx - 24 hr. Concentrations, computed by AERMOD

3 Sr. NOx- 24 hour concentration (μg/m ) Receptor/Village No. Background Incremental Total 1 Factory (Main Gate) 27.5 0.34 27.84 2 Factory ( Near Molasses Tank) 24.8 0.90 25.7 3 Vita mayni Road-Vita 26.7 0.09 26.79 4 Wasumbe 27.9 0.18 28.08 5 Devnagar 31.2 0.42 31.62 6 Salshinge 19.6 0.44 20.04 7 Kanharwadi 25.8 0.15 25.95 8 Bhikawadi Khurd 29.1 0.24 29.34 NAAQ Standards (Time weighted average- 24 hr) 80 (μg/m3) 3.5.14. Concentration contours: Isopleths or contours are plotted by software model (AERMOD). The same colour represents the same concentration value range. Under the conditions of this meteorolical scenario, dispersion pattern is obtained, as shown in Figure 3.9 Following dispersion contours (or isopleths) Figure 3.11 to Figure3.14 are based on the incremental concentrations due to the proposed expansion capacity of sugar complex.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 131 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 3-12Concentration isopleths for PM10 incremental concentrations

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 132 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 3-13 Concentration isopleths for PM2.5 incremental concentrations

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 133 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 3-14 Concentration isopleths for SO2 incremental concentrations

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 134 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 3-15 Concentration isopleths for NOX incremental concentrations

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 135 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

3.5.15. Conclusions At present there are two boilers of 2*17.5 TPH, these boilers shall be abandoned and two boilers of 1*200TPH and 1*30 TPH capacities each out of which for sugar division 1*200 TPH boiler and 1*30 TPH boiler for distillery division shall be installed (i.e. after expansion).Considered the all boilers working at full load conditions to estimate the GLC of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx due to the proposed expansion of the industry under the prevailing conditions of meteorology and emission data set, air quality modeling is performed for Yashwant Sugar & Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal Khanapur, Dist Sangli. Incremental concentrations are worked out for 8 receptor locations, at which ambient air quality monitoring was carried out. Total concentrations are computed considering background (Ambient Air Monitoring) concentrations and incremental concentrations (AERMOD) due to the proposed expansion. Results are compared with the Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS).

From the results, it can say that,

 At the selected 8 receptor locations, surrounded in 10 km radius around Yashwant Sugar & Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal Khanapur, Dist Sangli, GLCs are well within the limits of AAQS. Results of the Ambient Air monitoring are enclosed in the Annexure II.

 Under the working conditions of 1*200 TPH and 1*30 TPH boilers, PM10GLCs at all the 8 receptor locations are in the range of 53.38μg/m3to72.51μg/m3 which are within the limits of AAQS.

 Similarly, PM2.5 GLCs for those receptors are in the range of 28.35μg/m3to42.54μg/m3 which is within the limits of AAQS.

 For SO2, GLCs are in the range of 19.93μg/m3to31.42μg/m3which is within the limits of AAQS.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 136 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

3.6. Water Environment 3.6.1. Reconnaissance survey The establishment of unit is located at Nagewadi, Tehsil Khanapur and Dist. Sangli. Majority of the study area (10 km around site) is under agriculture land use. The River Yerla is 5 km away from the factory site. The industry is lifting fresh water from Bhagnyanagar Lake which is 3.5 km away from the industry. The permission shall be taken from respective authorities.

River Yerla and Tembhu irrigation scheme are the main source for agriculture use. Groundwater is used as an alternate source in surrounding villages for domestic and drinking purposes. Therefore it is important to assess the existing baseline status of both ground water quality and surface water quality within the study area.

3.6.2. Ground Water As per the Standard ToRs sampling was decided to be carried out at 8 locations. The water quality monitoring network of was designed with the intention to evaluate the prevailing ground water quality in the study area. The groundwater samples were collected and transported to the lab as per the CPCB guidelines. The details of the ground water sampling Locations are provided in Table below.

Table 3-14Details of the ground water quality monitoring sampling locations Sr. Description Sampling location Village Name Latitude Longitude No. of samples Ground Water 1 GW-1 Well – Bhagnyanagar 17°20'48.00"N 74°32'31.07"E 2 GW-2 Borewell – Nevari 17°18'34.54"N 74°28'48.84"E 3 GW-3 Well – Mahuli 17°24'49.09"N 74°31'45.82"E 4 GW-4 Well – Chikhalhol 17°22'34.75"N 74°31'41.66"E 5 GW-5 Well – Bhikwadi khurd 17°19'56.54"N 74°26'35.77"E 6 GW-6 Well – Sangole 17°20'31.31"N 74°35'21.59"E 7 GW-7 Well – Nagewadi 17°21'20.02"N 74°31'8.14"E 8 GW-8 Well – Kanharwadi 17°22'13.03"N 74°29'41.11"E

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 137 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 3-16 10km. radius study area map indicating groundwater sampling location Table 3-15Analysis methodology of groundwater and surface water

Sr. No. Parameters Methodology 1 Color IS:3025(P-4)1983 2 Odor IS:3025(P-5)1983 3 pH IS:3025(P-11)1983 4 Turbidity IS:3025(P-10)1984 5 Total Dissolved Solids IS:3025(P-16)1984 6 Electrical Conductivity IS:3025(P-14)1984

7 Total Hardness (as CaCO3) IS:3025(P-21)1983

8 Calcium Hardness(as CaCO3) IS:3025(P-21)1983

9 MagnesiumHardness(as CaCO3) IS:3025(P-21)1983 10 Calcium (as Ca) IS:3025(P-40)1991 11 Magnesium (as Mg) IS:3025(P-46)1994

12 Total Alkalinity (as CaCO3) IS:3025(P-23)1986 13 Chlorides (as Cl) IS:3025(P-32)1988

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 138 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Sr. No. Parameters Methodology

14 Sulphate (as SO4) IS:3025(P-24)1986

15 Total Nitrate (as NO3) IS:3025(P-34)1988 16 Total Nitrogen (as N) IS:3025(P-34)1983

17 Total Phosphate (as PO4) IS:3025(P-31)1988 18 Ammonical Nitrogen (as N) IS:3025(P-34)1988 19 Copper (as Cu) IS:3025(P-42)1992 20 Manganese (as Mn) IS:3025(P-59)2006 21 Iron (as Fe) IS:3025(P-53)2003 22 Fluoride (as F) APHA 22st EDITION 4500 FD 23 Cyanide (as CN) IS:3025(P-27)1986 24 PhenolicCompounds(as C6H5OH) IS:3025(P-43)1992 25 Boron (as B) AAS 26 Zinc (as Zn) IS:3025(P-49)1986 27 Aluminium (as Al) IS:3025(P-55)2003 28 Cadmium (as Cd) IS:3025(P-41)1992 29 Lead (as Pb) IS:3025(P-47)1994 30 Nickel (as Ni) IS:3025(P-54)2003 31 Mercury (as Hg) IS:3025(P-48)1994 32 Arsenic (as As) IS:3025(P-37)1988 33 Selenium (as Se) IS:3025(P-56)1988 34 Sodium (as Na) IS:3025(P-45)1993 35 Potassium (as K) IS:3025(P-45)1993 36 Chemical Oxygen Demand IS:3025(P-58)2006 37 BOD 3 days at 27oC APHA 22ST EDITION 4500 FD 38 MPN (Coliform bacteria) IS:1622-1981 (Reaffirmed2009)

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 139 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Analysis Report Date of Sampling: 08th December 2019 Sample Description: Ground water Sample Quantity: 2000ml Table.3-16 Groundwater Analysis report within 10 km radius of the study area Results Desirable Permissible Sr. Test Parameter Unit IS 10500:2012 No. GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 GW-4 GW-5 GW-6 GW-7 GW-8 Standards 1 Color Hazen Colorless 5 15 2 Odor -- Odorless Agreeable Agreeable No 3 pH - 6.80 7.10 7.75 6.84 7.16 8.10 6.90 7.11 6.5-8.5 relaxation 4 Turbidity NTU 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 1 5 5 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 372 585 590 606 1024 502 567 988 500 2000 µmhos/ 6 Electrical Conductivity 619 929 958 926 1600 823 921 1541 -- -- cm Total Hardness (as 7 mg/l 316 409 496 441 370 468 442 595 200 600 CaCO3) Calcium Hardness(as 8 mg/l 198 226 286 247 236 306 332 441 -- -- CaCO3) Magnesium 9 mg/l 118 183 210 194 134 162 110 154 -- -- Hardness(as CaCO3) 10 Calcium (as Ca) mg/l 79.18 90.24 114.36 98.66 94.52 122.26 132.38 176.41 75 200 11 Magnesium (as Mg) mg/l 28.4 44 50.4 46.6 32.2 38.8 26.4 36.98 30 100 Total Alkalinity (as 12 mg/l 60 116 92 124 68 49 57 138 200 600 CaCO3) 13 Chlorides (as Cl) mg/l 78.8 161.2 87.8 152.7 609.2 98.9 153.4 468.3 250 1000

14 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l 28 32 31 44 46 42 38 36 200 400 No 15 Total Nitrate (as NO ) mg/l 3.4 2.4 4.1 2.9 3.6 4.8 5.2 4.9 45 3 Relaxation 16 Total Nitrogen (as N) mg/l < 0.25 < 0.25 < 0.25 < 0.25 < 0.25 < 0.25 < 0.25 < 0.25 -- -- Total Phosphate (as 17 mg/l < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 -- -- PO4)

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 140 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Results Desirable Permissible Sr. Test Parameter Unit IS 10500:2012 No. GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 GW-4 GW-5 GW-6 GW-7 GW-8 Standards Ammonia (as total No 18 mg/l < 0.25 < 0.25 < 0.25 < 0.25 < 0.25 < 0.25 < 0.25 < 0.25 0.5 ammonia-N) Relaxation 19 Copper (as Cu) mg/l < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 0.05 1.5 20 Manganese (as Mn) mg/l < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 0.1 0.3 No 21 Iron (as Fe) mg/l 0.14 0.11 0.1 0.09 0.26 0.21 0.34 0.19 1.0 Relaxation 22 Fluoride (as F) mg/l 0.44 0.62 0.48 0.38 0.41 0.59 0.38 0.64 1 1.5 No 23 Cyanide (as CN) mg/l < 0.04 < 0.04 < 0.04 < 0.04 < 0.04 < 0.04 < 0.04 < 0.04 0.05 Relaxation Phenolic 24 Compounds(as mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.002 C6H5OH) 25 Boron (as B) mg/l < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 1 26 Zinc (as Zn) mg/l < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 5 15 27 Aluminium (as Al) mg/l < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 0.03 0.2 28 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0.003 29 Lead (as Pb) mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.01 30 Nickel (as Ni) mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.02 No Relaxation 31 Mercury (as Hg) mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 32 Arsenic (as As) mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 33 Selenium (as Se) mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.01 34 Sodium (as Na) mg/l 98 172 232.1 169.4 178 152 162 166 -- -- 35 Potassium (as K) mg/l 1.8 3.2 2.7 8.3 9.7 3.6 3.8 7.3 -- -- Chemical Oxygen 36 mg/l 42 26 29 31 36 58 27 31 Demand 37 BOD 3 days at 27oC mg/l 7 5 4 6 6 9 8 8 MPN (Coli-form MPN/1 38 Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent No Relaxation bacteria) 00ml

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 141 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

3.6.2.1. Summary of Ground water quality results within study area  pH of the ground water samples collected was in the range between 6.80 – 8.10. All values are within acceptable limits. Only drinking water samples have fixed pH limit which is 6.5 -8.5 as per IS 10500-2012.  The acceptable limits for total dissolved solids as per IS: 10500-2012 is 500 mg/l whereas the permissible limits in absence of alternate source are 2000 mg/l, beyond this potability decreases and may cause gastrointestinal irritation. Total dissolved solids in the ground water samples were in the range between 372-1024 mg/l. Only one sample is below acceptable limit, and seven samples are above acceptable limit but below the permissible limit of 2000 mg/l.  The acceptable limit for hardness is 300 mg/l whereas permissible limit in absence of alternative source is 600 mg/l. In the ground water samples collected from the study area, the total hardness was found to vary between 316-595 mg/l, all samples are above acceptable limit but below the permissible limit of 600 mg/l.  The acceptable limit for chloride is 250 mg/l as per IS: 10500 whereas the permissible limit of the same is 1000 mg/l beyond this limit taste, corrosion and palatability are affected. The Chlorides concentration was found to vary between 78.8-609.2 mg/l. six samples are below acceptable limitand two samples are above acceptable limit but below the permissible limit.  Fluoride is the other important parameter, which has the acceptable limit of >1 mg/l and permissible limit of <1.5 mg/l i.e. fluoride concentration shall be between 1 to 1.5 mg/l. Fluoride concentrations observed are lower than the required concentration (0.38 to 0.64 mg/l)  The Sulphates concentration was found to vary between 28-46 mg/l. All samples was found are within acceptable limit of 200 mg/. Ground water samples collected from eight locations within 10 km radius from the plant site & analyzed as per standard methods of water and wastewater analysis (APHA). The water quality of the study area is found to be below the permissible limit of IS: 10500: 2012, for parameters Total Dissolved Solids, Sulphate, and Chloride. Fluoride concentration is found to be less than the required concentration. Groundwater quality is found to be good, which can be directly used for irrigation purpose. However,ground water used for drinking purpose after the appropriate treatment.

3.6.3. Surface water The study area is located within the Yerla River water shed. The Yerla River is about 5 Km from the industry. For the baseline monitoring total 4 samples were collected from the study area. The details of the surface water sampling location are given in the Table No.1.4.

Table 3-17Details of the surface water quality monitoring sampling locations Sr. Description Sampling location Village Name Latitude Longitude No. of samples Surface Water 1 SW-1 Odha Water- Bhagyanagar Odha 17°20'48.53"N 74°32'30.82"E 2 SW-2 Lake Water- Bhagyanagar Lake 17°21'21.97"N 74°32'57.01"E 3 SW-3 Canal Water – Tembhu Canal 17°24'47.65"N 74°31'46.84"E 4 SW-4 River water- Yerla River 17°22'13.05"N 74°29'42.81"E

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 142 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 3-17 10 km. radius study area map indicating surface water sampling location Analysis Report Date of Sampling: 08th December 2019 Sample Description: Surface water Sample Quantity: 2000ml Table 3-18 Surface water Analysis report within 10 km radius of the study area Sr. Results Desirable Permissible Test Parameter Unit No. SW-1 SW-2 SW-3 SW-4 IS 10500:2012 Standards 1 Color Hazen Colorless 5 15 2 Odor -- Odorless Agreeable Agreeable 3 pH - 7.01 6.94 7.16 7.90 6.5-8.5 No relaxation 4 Turbidity NTU 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 1 5 5 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 596 587 614 514 500 2000 µmhos/ 6 Electrical Conductivity 903 947 975 802 -- -- cm Total Hardness (as 7 mg/l 422 444 498 429 200 600 CaCO3) Calcium Hardness(as 8 mg/l 253 230 311 212 -- -- CaCO3)

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 143 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Sr. Results Desirable Permissible Test Parameter Unit No. SW-1 SW-2 SW-3 SW-4 IS 10500:2012 Standards Magnesium 9 mg/l 169 214 187 217 -- -- Hardness(as CaCO3) 10 Calcium (as Ca) mg/l 101.21 92.18 124.26 84.6 75 200 11 Magnesium (as Mg) mg/l 40.6 51.4 44.8 52.1 30 100 Total Alkalinity (as 12 mg/l 146 128 147 98 200 600 CaCO3) 13 Chlorides (as Cl) mg/l 162.4 100.2 78.9 129.3 250 1000

14 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l 29 41 39 26 200 400 No 15 Total Nitrate (as NO ) mg/l 4.2 5.4 3.8 5.1 45 3 Relaxation 16 Total Nitrogen (as N) mg/l < 0.25 < 0.25 < 0.25 < 0.25 -- -- Total Phosphate (as 17 mg/l < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 -- -- PO4) Ammonia (as total No 18 mg/l < 0.25 < 0.25 < 0.25 < 0.25 0.5 ammonia-N) Relaxation 19 Copper (as Cu) mg/l < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 0.05 1.5 20 Manganese (as Mn) mg/l < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 0.1 0.3 No 21 Iron (as Fe) mg/l 0.1 0.09 0.12 0.16 1.0 Relaxation 22 Fluoride (as F) mg/l 0.44 0.52 0.49 0.61 1 1.5 No 23 Cyanide (as CN) mg/l < 0.04 < 0.04 < 0.04 < 0.04 0.05 Relaxation Phenolic 24 Compounds(as mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.002 C6H5OH) 25 Boron (as B) mg/l < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 1 26 Zinc (as Zn) mg/l < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 5 15 27 Aluminium (as Al) mg/l < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 0.03 0.2 28 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0.003 29 Lead (as Pb) mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.01 30 Nickel (as Ni) mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.02 No 31 Mercury (as Hg) mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 Relaxation 32 Arsenic (as As) mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 33 Selenium (as Se) mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.01 34 Sodium (as Na) mg/l 154 202 216 146 -- -- 35 Potassium (as K) mg/l 4.3 3.7 4.4 3.9 -- -- Chemical Oxygen 36 mg/l 48 54 32 28 Demand 37 BOD 3 days at 27oC mg/l 10 12 9 8 MPN (Coli-form MPN/1 38 710 1100 400 440 No Relaxation bacteria) 00ml

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 144 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Summary of Surface water quality results within study area

 pH of the surface water samples collected was in the range between 6.94 – 7.90. All values are within acceptable limits i.e. 6.5 -8.5 as per IS 10500-2012.  The acceptable limits for total dissolved solids as per IS: 10500-2012 is 500 mg/l whereas the permissible limits in absence of alternate source are 2000 mg/l, beyond this potability decreases and may cause gastrointestinal irritation. Total dissolved solids in the surface water samples were in the range between 514-614 mg/l. All samples are above acceptable limit but below the permissible limit of 2000 mg/l.  The acceptable limit for hardness is 300 mg/l whereas permissible limit in absence of alternative source is 600 mg/l. In the surface water samples collected from the study area, the total hardness was found in the range between 422 - 498 mg/l, all samples are above acceptable limit but below the permissible limit of 600 mg/l.  The acceptable limit for chloride is 250 mg/l as per IS: 10500 whereas the permissible limit of the same is 1000 mg/l beyond this limit taste, corrosion and palatability are affected. The Chlorides concentration was found to vary between 78.9 - 162.4 mg/l. All the samples are below acceptable limit.  Fluoride is the other important parameter, which has the acceptable limit of >1 mg/l and permissible limit of <1.5 mg/l i.e. fluoride concentration shall be between 1 to 1.5 mg/l. Fluoride concentrations observed are lower than the required concentration (0.44 to 0.61 mg/l)  The Sulphates concentration was found to vary between 26-41 mg/l. All samples was found are within acceptable limit of 200 mg/l. Note:Surface water quality is found to be good, which can be directly used for irrigation purpose. However, for drinking purpose, conventional treatment suggested.

3.7. Soil Environment Soil quality reflects how well a soil performs the functions of maintaining biodiversity and productivity, partitioning water and solute flow, filtering and buffering, nutrient cycling, and providing support for plants and other structures. Soil management has a major impact on soil quality. Representative soil samples were collected from the study area to assess the quality of soil. For studying the soil types and the soil characteristics, different sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil condition representing various land use condition and geological features.

3.7.1. Probable sources of soil pollution/ contamination in the study area Soil can be said to be polluted due to the discharge of treated or un-treated effluent, hazardous waste generated, and solid waste by various sources. If the industrial wastes (Spentwash/pressmud/ash) are not disposed off scientifically they may leach into soil and affect the soil quality adversely. This problem can also arise by uncontrolled disposal of municipal solid waste or sewage inhabited or vacated land.

3.7.2. Sampling Techniques Total 8 no‘s of sampling locations were selected based on the land use and their proximity to the project site. A number of parameters were determined, which are indicative of physical, chemical and fertility characteristics. Sampling and analysis was conducted as per standard methods and procedures prescribed in IS 2720 and ASTM. Soil samples were collected by ramming a hand auger into the soil up to a depth of 90 cm. At each of the sampling location, soil samples were collected from three different depth viz. 30

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 145 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP cm, 60 cm and 90 cm below the surface and homogenized. The homogenized samples were then packed in a polythene plastic bag and sealed and the sealed samples were sent to the Laboratory for analysis.

Table 3-19Details of the soil sampling locations Sr. Description Sampling location Village Name Latitude Longitude No. of samples Soil 1 S-1 Soil – Factory 17°20'8.80"N 74°31'33.20"E 2 S-2 Soil - Bhagnyanagar 17°20'48.28"N 74°32'31.35"E 3 S-3 Soil– Nevari 17°18'33.14"N 74°28'49.25"E 4 S-4 Soil – Mahuli 17°24'49.08"N 74°31'44.95"E 5 S-5 Soil – Chikhalhol 17°22'35.67"N 74°31'40.61"E 6 S-6 Soil – Bhikwadi khurd 17°19'56.69"N 74°26'36.56"E 7 S-7 Soil– Sangole 17°20'31.83"N 74°35'20.67"E 8 S-8 Soil - Nagewadi 17°21'20.32"N 74°31'7.36"E

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 146 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 3-18 10 km. radius study area map indicating soil sampling location

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 147 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

3.7.3. Soil characteristics in the study area Analysis Report Date of Sampling: 08th December 2019 Sample Description: Soil water Sample Quantity: 5 Kg Table 3-20 Soil Analysis report within 10 km radius of the study area

Sr. No. Test Parameter Unit S-1 S-2 S-3 S-4 S-5 S-6 S-7 S-8 Standards

1 pH -- 7.12 6.91 7.28 8.01 7.64 7.92 7.81 8.12 6.5 – 8.5 2 Conductivity mmhos/cm 0.31 0.42 0.28 0.24 0.34 0.39 0.37 0.22 0.2 – 0.5 3 Available Nitrogen Kg/ha 242 271 212 268 314 276 282 258 >200 4 Available Phosphorus Kg/ha 54 48 52 46 44 56 42 40 40 – 60 5 Available Potassium Kg/ha 298 452 378 496 388 484 414 372 >280 6 Organic Carbon % 0.79 0.76 0.82 0.91 1.02 0.97 0.92 0.89 >0.75 7 Sodium (as Na) % 0.006 0.005 0.006 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.007 < 5 8 Calcium (as Ca) % 0.24 0.20 0.28 0.26 0.17 0.31 0.34 0.30 --- 9 Magnesium (as Mg) % 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.05 --- 10 Cation Exchange Capacity meq/100gm 17.93 14.43 19.22 19.49 15.22 19.36 22.22 20.48 >30 11 Water Holding Capacity % 58 46 57 42 45 43 44 56 --- 12 Particle Size Distribution 12a Sand % 21 22 21 23 21 22 23 22 --- 12b Silt % 23 24 24 26 25 26 24 23 --- 12c Clay % 56 54 55 51 54 52 53 55 ---

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 148 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Standard soil classification as per Handbook of Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research is as follows Table 3-21 Standard soil classification

Sr. No. Soil Test Classification Less than 4.5 : Extremely acidic 4.51 – 5.50 : Very strongly acidic 5.51 – 6.00 : Moderately acidic 6.51 – 7.30 : Neutral 1 pH 7.31 – 7.80 : Slightly alkaline 7.81 – 8.50 : Moderately alkaline 8.51 – 9.00 : Strongly alkaline 9.01 and above : Very strongly alkaline Salinity Electrical Up to 1.00 : Average 2 conductivity (μmhos/cm) 1.01 to 2.00 : Harmful to germination (1 ppm = 640 μmhos/cm) 2.01 to 3.00 : Harmful to crops (sensitive to salts) Up to 0.2 : Very less 0.21 to 0.40 : Less 0.41 to 0.50 : Medium 3 Organic Carbon (%) 0.51 to 0.80 : On an average sufficient 0.81 to 1.00 : Sufficient > 1.0 : More than sufficient Up to 50 : Very less 51 – 100 : Less 4 Nitrogen (Kg/Ha) 101 – 150 : Good 151 – 300 : Better More than 300 : Sufficient Up to 15 : Very less 16 – 30 : Less 31 – 50 : Medium 5 Phosphorous (Kg/Ha) 51 – 65 : On an average sufficient 66 – 80 : Sufficient More than 80 : More than sufficient 0 – 120 : Very less 121 – 180 : Less 181 - 240 : Medium 6 Potash (Kg/ha) 241 - 300 : Average 301 – 360 : Better More than 360 : More than sufficient 3.7.3.1. Observation and interpretation from results:  Soil in the area is mainly clayey in nature hence good water holding capacity.  The finding of the study reveals that pH of soil in the range of7.12to 8.12,which is an indicative of the neutral to slightly alkaline soil.  The values for Nitrogen at all locations varied between 212to 314 kg/ha. Maximum concentration of nitrogen was observed at location S-5.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 149 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

 The concentration of phosphorus was estimated to be between 40to 56 kg/ha. The highest concentration can be observed at location S-6, while the lowest concentration can be observed at location S-8.  It is important to note that the concentration of potassium was found to be high at all locations ranging between 298to 496 kg/ha. Based on the above findings it can be concluded that the soil samples can be classified as per soil classification given by Tondon H.L.S. (2005). The samples fall under medium to high fertile soils.

Table.3-22 Levels of soil fertility

Organic Available N Available P2O5 AvailableK O Soil Fertility 2 Carbon (%) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) Very high >1.00 >700 >80.0 >360 High 0.81-1.00 561-700 64-80 301-360 Medium 0.61-0.80 421-560 48-64 241-300 Medium Low 0.41-0.60 281-420 32-48 181-240 Low 0.21-0.40 141-280 16-32 121-180 Very Low 0.20 140 16.0 120 (Source: Tondon H.L.S, 2005) 3.8. Noise environment Noise, often defined as unwanted sound, interferes with speech communication, causes annoyance, distracts from work, and disturbs sleep thus deteriorating quality of human environment. Noise levels in the study area have therefore been measured, at selected points, to provide the baseline data to describe the existing situation.

Measured noise levels displayed as a function of time provides a useful scheme for describing the acoustical climate of a community. Noise levels records at each station with a time interval of about one hour are computed for equivalent noise levels. Equivalent noise level is a single number descriptor for describing time varying noise levels.

3.8.1. Noise monitoring stations In order to assess the noise levels in the study area, monitoring was carried out at eleven different locations within 10 km radius of the study area. The noise monitoring locations and its coordinates are shown in figure below. Noise levels were recorded and computed for equivalent noise levels for day-equivalent, night-equivalent & day-night equivalent.

SLM-100 was used to measure Sound Pressure Levels (SPL). The measurements were recorded at eleven locations. The readings were taken for every hour for 24-hrs. The day noise levels have been monitored during 6 am to 10 pm and night noise levels during 10 pm to 6 am at all the locations covered in the study area.

The coordinates of the noise quality monitoring locations are given in the table below

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 150 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 3-23Details of noise quality monitoring locations

Sr. no. Description Locations Latitude Longitude 1 N-1 Factory (Main Gate) 17°20'10.60"N 74°31'32.40"E 2 N-2 Factory (Inside) 17°20'9.89"N 74°31'37.18"E 3 N-3 Factory (Near Quarters) 17°20'9.02"N 74°31'20.97"E 4 N-4 Factory (Near ETP) 17°20'5.46"N 74°31'50.78"E 5 N-5 Factory (Near Canteen) 17°20'14.70"N 74°31'36.18"E 6 N-6 Vita mayni Road-Vita 17°19'1.67"N 74°31'47.94"E 7 N-7 Wasumbe 17°17'28.27"N 74°32'2.89"E 8 N-8 Devnagar 17°19'23.92"N 74°34'58.02"E 9 N-9 Salshinge 17°20'44.23"N 74°35'38.47"E 10 N-10 Kanharwadi 17°22'7.28"N 74°29'35.07"E 11 N-11 Bhikawadi Khurd 17°20'3.19"N 74°26'36.11"E

Figure 3-19 10 km. radius study area map indicating noise quality sampling location The noise recording stations and the summary of the day - equivalent and night equivalent values computed for various locations in the study area is given in table below.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 151 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Analysis Report Date of Sampling: 15th December 2019 Sample Description: Noise Level Table 3-24Noise levels of the study area Sr. Standard Limit dB (A) Station Time No. dB(A) Leq Leq Inside factory premises 75 Day 50.7 1. Factory (Main Gate) 70 Night 45.2 75 Day 47.6 2. Factory (Inside) 70 Night 44.5 75 Day 48.1 3. Factory (Near Quarters) 70 Night 43.8 75 Day 46.5 4. Factory (Near ETP) 70 Night 44.3 75 Day 47.5 5. Factory (Near Canteen) 70 Night 46.1 Outside factory (within study area) 55 Day 50.5 1. Vita mayni Road-Vita 45 Night 44.6 55 Day 43.4 2. Wasumbe 45 Night 40.8 55 Day 48.3 3. Devnagar 45 Night 42.1 55 Day 47.2 4. Salshinge 45 Night 40.6 55 Day 44.3 5. Kanharwadi 45 Night 39.7 55 Day 45.4 6. Bhikawadi Khurd 45 Night 41.2 3.8.2. Summary of the results

Night time Noise Levels (Leq) night

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 152 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Industrial Zone: The night time noise level in the Project site was observed in the range of 43.8– 46.1 dB (A), which is well below the permissible limit of 70 dB (A), due to industry is not working state presently. Residential Zone: The night time noise levels in all the residential locations were observed to be in the range of 39.7 dB (A) to 44.6 dB (A), which is well below the permissible limit of 45 dB (A).

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 153 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

3.9. Ecology and Biodiversity Report: 3.9.1. Description of the Study Area The project location is located in Nagewadi village in district Sangli. The area surrounding the project area mainly consists of plains which have been used as farmlands for centuries. The rainfall received in the area is moderate to heavy and the scattered natural vegetation seen in the area is can be broadly classified into deciduous and thorny scrub type. Sugarcane is the major crop produced in the area along with soya bean. Yerla River is the major source of water in the area along with the Bhagyanagar reservoir. Besides there are many small lentic water bodies under the tidal influence of the river for water refill.. The project area is surrounded by agricultural and pasture lands. There are no ecologically important areas in the vicinity of the project location or within 10 km radius of the project site.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 154 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 3-20Site Photo Photographs 3.9.2. Scope of Work 3.9.2.1. Vegetation Study • Carrying out fieldwork to locate and describe the current status of vegetation in the study area. • Determine the forest type as per Champion & Seth guidelines, enumerating species present in the study areas

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 155 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

• A description of different micro−habitats, and the species associated with those habitats. • Disclose any gaps in information or assumptions made. • Provide monitoring requirements, mitigation measures and recommendations in a table format as input into the Environmental Management Plan (EMP), as well as generic rehabilitation and re−vegetation guidelines.

3.9.2.2. Fauna  Carrying out fieldwork to locate and describe the current status of faunal species in the study area.  Conduct a faunal assessment that can be integrated into the ecological study.  Clarify species of special concern (SSC) as per Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 Schedule & IUCN Red Data list and that are known to be: endemic to the region; that are considered to be of conservational concern; that are in commercial trade (CITES listed species);Or, are of cultural significance.

3.9.3. Water Analysis Frequency of sampling was once in a study period and standard analysis methods were adopted. Water sample were used for the analysis of physicochemical, microbiological and heavy metal analysis. Parameters like temperature were measured on site as well as dissolved oxygen (DO) of the sample was fixed immediately. Analysis was carried out within the stipulated time period with standard methods. River sediment samples were collected using van Veen grab at three locations same those from which water samples were collected for assessment of plankton.. All samples were collected and preserved in plastic bag with and brought to the laboratory for further analysis. The study was conducted once in the study period. 3.9.4. Methodology The project area has a plain terrain. The sampling locations are chosen considering the various project activities and their impacts and therefore, to make most of the limited time available, a stratified random sampling strategy was adopted to collect information on the flora and fauna in the project area. Following books or documents were referred to for the study:  Flora of Maharashtra published by Botanical Survey of India - Used for floral species identification & related information.  The Book of Indian Birds by Salim Ali, published by Bombay Natural History Society - Used for Avifauna identification & related information.  Indian Mammals: A Field Guide published by Wild Life Trust of India - Used for mammals species identification & related information  The Book of Indian Reptiles and Amphibians published by Bombay Natural History Society.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 156 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

 The Book of Indian Butterflies published by Bombay Natural History Society - Used for butterfly species identification.  IUCN Red Category List for the current status of the species.  Wildlife Protection Act 1972 for the protection status of the species by law.

3.9.4.1. Methodology for analysis Primary data/Baseline data was collected in the form of inventory of the floral & faunal species found during the survey. Interpretation of primary data is done with reference to the secondary source. The sampling stations that have been sampled are discussed as following:  The site can be considered as a mixed vegetation land which slopes westwards which can be demarcated as distinct layers.  A random sampling was done as sample plot for the tree cover and ground cover sampling respectively. 3.9.4.2. Study Area The field component of the study for baseline terrestrial flora and fauna study was conducted on 05thSeptember, 2020. As per approved Tore for Environmental Impact Assessment, pertaining to the project, total study area is restricted up to 10 km radius from the project site, of which primary data need to be collected from the area up to 2km radius (Core area) and remaining area, up to 8 km (Buffer area), will be represented by secondary data. The data up to 500m radius were generated with reference to topography, land use, vegetation pattern, animals etc. The current project is located in a rural area with sporadic vegetation cover as most of the land is under cultivation. The recce of the project area showed very less natural vegetation cover in the surrounding areas as the project is located in Nagewadi village where extensive agricultural activities are practiced and large areas of deforested land can be seen used for cultivation of variety of crops. Thereby the assessment of core and buffer area for trees, shrubs and fauna was done by checklist method for better and realistic account diversity in the core area. In the buffer and core area herb diversity was studied by standard quadrant method. Table 3-25Water sampling locations

Sr. No. Location Code Geographical Location 1 WB 1 17°20'8.24"N 74°31'38.34"E 2 WB 2 17°21'26.32"N 74°32'57.00"E 3 WB 3 17°19'29.37"N74°27'51.62"E

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 157 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 3-21Water sampling locations Table 3-26Quadrate of Core Area

Sr. No. Location Code Geographical Location 1 Q1 17°20'14.65"N 74°31'40.20"E 2 Q2 17°20'8.09"N 74°31'34.81"E 3 Q3 17°20'15.56"N 74°31'34.62"E 4 Q4 17°20'8.10"N 74°31'39.65"E

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 158 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 3-22 Photograph of Quadrate of Core Area Table 3-27 Quadrate of Buffer Area

Sr. No. Location Code Geographical Location 1 BQ1 17°17'50.07"N74°27'35.41"E 2 BQ2 17°24'1.01"N 74°30'2.51"E 3 BQ3 17°18'4.69"N 74°33'49.85"E 4 BQ4 74°33'16.87"E74°33'49.85"E

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 159 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 3-23 Photograph of Quadrate of Buffer Area 3.9.4.3. Flora and fauna of core area During the study period 05species of reptiles, 03 species of mammals, 20 species of birds.17 species of insects, 12 species of fish, 21 species of phytoplankton, 06 species of zooplankton and 04 types of benthic organisms were observed on site and in buffer area. None of the species observed on site were listed as threatened or endangered. The vegetation observed in the study area were mainly those adapted for growth in black soil. The flora observed mainly consisted of species belonging to the deciduous and semi-deciduous ecosystem. None of the floral species were listed as endangered or threatened. The plankton and benthic organisms observed in the samples taken from upstream and downstream locations of Yerla river and Bhagyanagar reservoir were mainly indicators of organic pollution and eutrophication due to anthropogenic activities like washing, bathing and excretion along the banks of the water body. The aquatic flora too observed in the area were those adapted to growth in waters having organic pollution.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 160 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 3-28Diversity of Herbs Species in Core Area Q Q Q Q % Densit Relative Relative Index of S.No. Scientific Name Index of frequency 1 2 3 4 Frequency y Frequency Density Dominance 1 Mimosa pudica 3 6 8 9 100.00 19.25 0.188 23.429 0.04620 0.215 2 Eclipta alba 5 1 3 6 100.00 10.5 0.188 13.286 0.00873 0.093 3 Alternantherasessilis 5 7 4 1 100.00 16.25 0.188 16.714 0.22848 0.478 4 Calotropisgigantea 2 7 2 0 66.67 11 0.125 11.000 0.00563 0.075 5 Daturaspp 1 0 3 0 33.33 4 0.063 4.000 0.00078 0.028 6 Cucurbita spp. 4 0 2 6 66.67 7.5 0.125 10.286 0.00563 0.075 7 Oxalis minima 3 5 7 1 33.33 15.25 0.063 15.714 0.00008 0.009 8 Cassia tora 7 12 9 11 33.33 30.75 0.063 35.857 0.00008 0.009 Shannon Weiner Index of Core Area: 0.656 Table 3-29Diversity of Herbs Species in Core Area

Q Q Q Q % Relative Relative Index of Index of S.No. Scientific Name Density 1 2 3 4 Frequency Frequency Density Dominance frequency 1 Mimosa pudica 1 8 3 1 100.00 12.25 0.188 12.714 0.01103 0.105 2 Eclipta alba 5 1 3 6 100.00 10.5 0.188 13.286 0.01464 0.121 3 Alternantherasessilis 5 7 4 1 100.00 16.25 0.188 16.714 0.01877 0.137 4 Calotropisgigantea 3 1 0 5 75.00 5.25 0.141 7.571 0.00533 0.073 5 Daturaspp 1 0 3 0 50.00 4 0.094 4.000 0.00102 0.032 6 Cucurbita spp. 2 1 2 0 75.00 5 0.141 5.000 0.00160 0.040 7 Oxalis minima 3 2 4 1 100.00 9.25 0.188 9.714 0.00656 0.081 8 Cassia tora 5 2 12 3 100.00 19.75 0.188 21.143 0.03133 0.177 9 Brassica spp. 3 1 5 0 75.00 9.000 0.141 9.000 0.00423 0.065 10 Argemonemexicana 5 2 0 2 75.00 7.500 0.141 8.429 0.00533 0.073 11 Lantana camara 2 1 5 3 100.00 8.750 0.188 10.143 0.00792 0.089

Shannon Weiner Index of Buffer Area: 0.662

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 161 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 3-30List of Floral Species in Buffer Area Sr. No. Species name Species type 1 Bauhinia purpurea Tree 2 Delonixregia Tree 3 Casuarinaequisetifolia Tree 4 Pithecellobiumdulce Tree 5 Mangiferaindica Tree 6 Areca spp. Tree 7 Azadirachtaindica Tree 8 Cocosnucifera Tree 9 Ixora spp. Tree 10 Pongamiapinnata Tree 11 Ficustsiela Tree 12 Polyalthialongifolia Tree 13 Ficusracemosa Tree 14 Ficusbenghalensis Tree 15 Annonasquamosa Shrub 16 Saracaasoca Tree 17 Leucaenaleucocephala Tree 18 Syzigiumcumini Tree 19 Peltophorumpterocarpus Tree 20 Acacia auriculiformis Tree 21 Eucalyptus globulus Tree 22 Eclipta alba Herb 23 Tridaxprocumbens Herb 24 Alternantherasessilis Herb 25 Mimosa pudica Herb 26 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Herb 27 Euphorbia hirta Herb 28 29 Cordiasebestena Tree 30 Delonixregia Tree 31 Spathodeacompanulata Tree 32 Mangiferaindica Tree 33 Prosopisjuliflora Tree 34 Sterculiavillosus Tree 35 Senegalia catechu Tree 36 Albizzialebbek Tree 37 Lanneacoromandelica Tree 38 Murrayakoengi Shrub 39 Sapindustrifoliatus Shrub 40 Anacardiumoccidentale Shrub 41 Moringapterygosperma Shrub 42 Dalbergialatifolia Shrub 43 Carissa congesta Shrub 44 Ricinuscommunis Shrub 45 Hibiscus rosasinesis Shrub 46 Syzigiumcumini Tree

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 162 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Sr. No. Species name Species type 47 Tectonagrandis Tree 48 Dalbergiasissoo Tree 49 Dalbergialatifolia Tree 50 Buteamonosperma Tree 51 Bauhinia racemosa Tree 52 Bauhinia tomentosa Tree 53 Kleinhoviahospita Tree 54 Lagerstroemia regina Tree 55 Neolamarkiakadamba Tree 56 Zizyphusjojuba Tree 57 Annonaracemosa Tree 58 Polyalthialongifolia Tree 59 Adenantherapavonia Tree 60 Bixaorellana Tree 61 Murrayakoengi Tree 62 Cocosnucifera Tree 63 Couroupitaguianensis Tree 64 Barrintoniaacutangula Tree 65 Casuarinaequisetifolia Tree 66 Caesalpiniapulcherima Shrub 67 Neriumindicum Shrub 68 Acacia auriculiformis Tree 69 Acacia nilotica Tree 70 Ficusreligiosa Tree 71 Ficusbengalensis Tree 72 Ficusglomeruta Tree 73 Ficusvirans Tree 74 Bambusa vulgaris Grass 75 Dandelion spp. Herb 76 Diospyrosmontana Tree 77 Emblicaofficinalis Tree 78 Cinnamomum tamale Tree 79 Gmelinaarboera Tree 80 Mallotusphilippinensis Tree 81 Murrayapinculata Tree 82 Lepisanthestetraphylla Tree 83 Holopteleaintegrifolia Tree Table 3-31 List of Cultivated Species In the Study Area

Sr. No Common Name Scientific Name 01. Rice Oryzasativa 02. Finger millet Eleusinecoracana 03. Millet Pennisetumglaucum 04. Red gram Cajanuscajan 05. Green gram Vignaradiata 06. Dolichus bean Lablab purpureus

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 163 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Fauna recorded from buffer and core area

Table 3-32List of Faunal Species in Buffer and Core Area

Common Name Scientific Name WPA Status IUCN Category Butterflies Common castor Butterfly Ariadne merione Not Listed Not evaluated Blue tiger Butterfly Tirumalalimniace Not Listed Not evaluated Common grass yellow Euremahecabe Not Listed Not evaluated Emigrant butterfly Catopsiliapomona Not Listed Not evaluated Dark grass blue Zizeeriakarsandra Not Listed Not evaluated Red pierot Talicadanyseusnyseus Not Listed Not evaluated Skipper butterfly Thymelicussylvestris Not Listed Not evaluated Common four ring Ypthimahuebneri Not Listed Not evaluated Common hedge blue Acytolepispuspa Not Listed Not evaluated Green grasshopper Omocestusviridulus Not Listed Not evaluated Indian honeybee Apisindica Not Listed Not evaluated Paper wasp Polistesdominula Not Listed Not evaluated Crimson marsh glider Trithemis aurora Not listed Least Concern Malabar torrent dart Euphaeafraseri Not Listed Least Concern Chocolate pansy Junoniaiphita Not Listed Not evaluated Common rose butterfly Pachlioptaaristolochiae Not Listed Not evaluated Jezebel Delias eucharis Not Listed Not evaluated Reptiles Garden lizard Calotesversicolor Not Listed Not evaluated Rat snake Ptyas mucosa Schedule II (Part II) Not evaluated Russell‘s viper Daboiarusselii Schedule II (Part II) Least concern Spectacled cobra Najanaja Schedule II (Part II) Not evaluated Monitor Lizard Varanusbengalensis Schedule I (Part II) Least Concern Mammals Rat Rattus. Sp Schedule IV Least Concern Indian Palm squirrel Funambuluspalmarum Schedule IV Least Concern Pteropusmedius, Indian flying fox formerly Schedule IV Least Concern Pteropusgiganteus Avifauna Shikra Accipiter badius Not Listed Least Concern Common Myna Acredotherestristis Schedule IV Least Concern Indian Pond Heron Ardeolagrayii Schedule IV Least Concern Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Schedule IV Least Concern Green Bee-Eater Meropsorientalis Not Listed Least Concern Black Kite Milvusmigrans Not Listed Least Concern Spotted Dove Spilopeliachinensis Schedule IV Least Concern Red-Whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotusjocosus Schedule IV Least Concern Spotted Dove Spilopeliachinensis Schedule IV Least Concern Common Crow Corvussplendens Schedule IV Least Concern

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 164 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Common Name Scientific Name WPA Status IUCN Category Greater Egret Ardea alba Schedule IV Least Concern Indian cormorant Phalacrocoraxfuscicollis Schedule IV Least Concern Red Wattled Lapwing Vanellusindicus Schedule IV Least Concern Common Sandpiper Actitishypoleucos Schedule IV Least Concern Rose ringed parakeet Psittaculakrameri Schedule IV Least Concern White throated kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis Schedule IV Least Concern Red Backed Shrike Laniuscollurio Not listed Least Concern Weaver bird (Bayas) Ploceusphilippinus Schedule IV Least Concern Indian spot billed duck Anaspoecilorhyncha Schedule IV Least Concern Red-naped ibis Pseudibispapillosa Schedule IV Least Concern Diversity of Aquatic Ecosystem Table 3-33List of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Observed at sampling stations

Sr.No. Genera W1(individuals/l) W2(individuals/l) W3(individuals/l) Phytoplankton

Cyanophyceae

1. Anabaena + + + 2. Oscillatoria + - + 3. Spirulina - - + 4. Chroococcus + + + Chlorophyceae

5. Koliella + - + 6. Scenedesmus + + + 7. Crucigenia + + + 8. Pediastrum + + + 9. Oocystis + - + 10. Cosmarium - - + 11. Chlorella - - + 12. Chlorogonium - - - 13. Actinastrum + - - Bacillariophyceae

14. Synedra + - + 15. Nitzschia + + ++ 16. Amphipleura + - - 17. Pinnularia + - + 18. Triceratium - + ++ 19. Navicula - + ++ 20. Melosira + - ++ Euglenophyceae

21. Euglena + - +

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 165 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Sr.No. Genera W1(individuals/l) W2(individuals/l) W3(individuals/l) Zooplankton Brachionidae  Brachionusfalcatus + + +++ Lecanidae  Lecane bulla - + + Daphniidae  Ceriodaphniaspp + + ++ Moinidae  Moina spp. + - + Cyclopidae  Mesocyclopsspp + + + Diaptomidae  Allodiaptomusspp + + + Benthic Organisms Oligochaeta 01. Tubifex spp. - + ++ Crustacea 02. Daphnia cercinata + + +++ Gastropoda 03. Pilaglobosa - + ++ Pelecypoda 04. Lymnaea spp. - - + (* -: Absence, + : Low Abundance, ++ : Moderate Abundance, +++: High Abundance) Table 3-34List of Aquatic Flora Observed in Study Area Sr.No. Species 1 Eichnornia spp. 2 Pistia spp. 3 Lemna spp. 4. Hydrilla spp. 5. Myriophyllum spp. Table 3-35List of Fish Observed in YerlaRiver and Bhagyanagar Reservoir Sr. No. Common Name Scientific Name 01. Rohu Labeo spp. 02. Mura Schisturadenisoni 03. Maral Channapunctate 04. Kutramasa Xenentodoncancila 05. Vaam Anguilla bengalensis 06. Khavli Puntius spp. 07. Catfish Mystusgulio 08. Sighachamulya Garra spp.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 166 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Sr. No. Common Name Scientific Name 09. Catfish Wallagoattu 10. Mungoor Bagarius spp. 11. Barb Pethia spp. 12. Mrigala Cirrhinus spp. 3.9.4.4. Impact Analysis The impact assessment was done taking into consideration direction, magnitude, duration, spatial influence and probability of occurrence of the impacts. Table 3-36 Impact Analysis

Probability of Magnitude Duration Spatial Influence Occurrence 10 Very High 5 Permanent 5 Regional 5 Definite 4 Long term (impact 8 High ceases after closure of 4 - 5 km radius 4 High activity) 3 Medium term (3 to 10 6 Moderate 3 - 1km radius 3 Medium years) 2 Short term (up to 3 4 Low 2 - 0.2 km radius 2 Low years) 2 Minor 1 Transient 1 Only project area 1 Improbable 1 None 0 None

SP>65 Indicates High Significance SP>25-65 Indicates Moderate Significance SP<25 Indicates Low Significance

Significance Points: (Magnitude + Duration + Scale) x probability

Table 3-37Impact Matrix

Potential Spatial Magnitude Duration Probability Total Significance Points Impacts Influence Loss of 1 1 1 2 6 Low vegetation Loss of 1 2 1 1 4 Low habitat Forest area 1 1 1 1 3 Low Approach 2 1 2 1 5 Low Road Aquatic 5 5 3 3 39 Moderate Ecosystem According to the Impact Matrix, no potential impacts are identified on vegetation and aquatic ecosystem.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 167 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

3.9.4.5. Discussion  The satellite imagery of the project site and its surroundings show green areas which are mainly under agriculture. The herb diversity was studied around the roads in the buffer area.  The marshlands formed in the area due to water logging were close to the Bhagynagar reservoir. The Indian spot billed duck though is listed as least concerned, their numbers are reducing.  The distance between the project site and the sighting of these bird species though is higher than 5 km. these sites should be preserved and monitored constantly.  The other floral and faunal species recorded on-site were of the common type adapted for life around human habitation.  Shannon Weiner Diversity Index of the core zone was 0.656 and buffer zone was 0.662for herbs. The diversity of the location was found to be low as the herbs seen the region are mainly seasonal and are prevalent mainly during the wet season.  The floral species recorded in the study area were mainly of the common deciduous and semi deciduous type.  The fauna recorded on site were mainly those that are adapted to life around human settlements and around the marshlands formed by seasonal water logging.  The plankton diversity in the water body present in the buffer area were mainly pollution indicators for organic pollutants and showed existing pollution in the riverine ecosystem.  The avian diversity of the buffer area should be recorded from time to time so as to analyze the impact of project activities.  Water consumption at the project site should be monitored so as to preserve water for dry season with biodiversity conservation point of view.  Farmers of the region for co-existence with prevailing bio diversity of the area and should be trained for organic methods of cultivation to avoid conflict.  Farmers should also be sensitized and trained for adopting conservation friendly methods so as to lessen the impact of anthropological activities on existing life forms. 3.9.4.6. Conclusion  The existing biodiversity in the study area was observed to be very low mainly due to the semi-rural and agrarian setting of the location. The project doesn‘t involve any clearance of trees as the project is expansion of existing facility and well connected to major and minor roads.  Shannon Weiner Diversity Index of the core zone was 0.656 and buffer zone was 0.662 for herbs. The diversity of the location was found to be low as the herbs seen the region are mainly seasonal and are prevalent mainly during the wet season.  All waste management practices should be identified and implemented right from the construction phase of the project and should be upgraded during the operational phase. The up gradation should be periodic and in match with improving technologies.  A robust forestation and biodiversity plan should be formulated and practiced with a continuous check on its efficacy  The project activities should be carried out only after considering all possible secondary and tertiary impacts on the environment and mitigation measures should be incorporated such as to reduce any possibility of impact on the existing environment.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 168 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

3.10. Socio-Economic Profile of the Project Area 3.10.1. Introduction The socio-economic impact assessment in the project area encompasses the impact of the project on the livelihood of the natives in the study area. TheYashawant Sugars Ltd, earlier was an old co-operative enterprise, which was sick and defunct due to the debt trap problem. The new private management is now reinstituting with the same campus with mixed combination of old and new installations in the same areas of operation. This section is dedicated to gauge the socio-economic impact on the livelihood of the Khanapur (Vita) and Kadegaontalukas.

The Social Impact Assessment (SIA) is a process in the project cycle. It is an attempt to identify and quantify the impacts of both positive and negative on the society and the environment as a whole. It is an attempt to make a project more advantageous and renovate those affected as project beneficiaries. It helps in planning for mitigation measures against any adverse impacts. It helps in evolving alternative participatory approach. Participatory experience provides the real facts and the figures about the impact on the area in general and the livelihood in particular.

Socio-economic livelihood in the project villages is of great concern while reintroducing a project with an expanding the old unit and extending the capacities for processing the by-products. The old version of the project was working since last two three decades. The new private management is reinstalling with change in the industrial structure and capacities. It may carry both positive and negative impact on the society as a whole.

Industries are required for the development, but not at cost of ecological and environmental degradation is a vis impact on the livelihood of the natives. Obviously, a tradeoff between the strong and the weak sustainability is essential. Environmentalists support the strong sustainability, while the economists support the weak sustainability. A tradeoff can be attained by minimizing the negative values and maximising the positive values of the project, which ought to be the best practice of the management. Environmental accounting system (contingent valuation method) helps to know the merits and demerits with values of the both negative and positive values. A project would bring the positive impact on the socio-economic life of the people settled in the area without harming the sustainability provided; it is well be planned and managed carefully. The tradeoff between the strong sustainability (environmentalist‘s approach to serve the ecology and environment) and weak sustainability (economist‘s approach to serve the society and the economy) can only be understood through social impact assessment (SIA).

3.10.2. Methodology The father of social impact assessment Charlie P. Wolf defines the social impacts as the ―people impacts‖, which analyses and evaluates the conditions, causes and consequences of a change on the people; they live in a locality due to an industrial project. Making the best possible decision by using the best available information in an orderly and appropriate manner itself is the impact assessment. The SIA can be classified as economic impact, social and cultural impact and psychological impacts. This can only be viewed through the field observations.

3.10.2.1. Field survey The field survey is normally proposed to,

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 169 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

 Identify all structures within the impact zone  Identify all families with in the impact zone  Provide some identification token for having covered under the survey  Identify family members by age, education and skill levels  Assess type and extent of loss to each family  Categorize families as per the type and extent of loss  Identify and quantify loss of infrastructure

3.10.2.2. Socio - economic study of Project Affected Persons (PAPs) The socio - economic study of Project Affected Persons (PAPs) (sample) covers;

 Demography details - family size, sex ratio, literacy, dependency ratio,  Operational holding - include lands leased in/out and encroached andcropping pattern  Other economic activities - skill base  Employment status and migration pattern  Household income by sources  Type and amount of household expenditure  Health and nutritional status  Social organization and leadership

3.10.2.3. Outcome of the survey The expected outcome from the sample survey would be;

 An understanding of the socio-economic conditions of the affected and host population  Provide input to the preparation ofrap  Help identify relocation sites  Identify alternatives for economicrehabilitation  Types of social organizations and leadership available for community mobilization,  Mechanism to resolve conflicts between displaced and host populationeffectiveness of implementingagencies.

3.10.2.4. Steps of the SIA/EIA The SIA/EIA includes the following steps;

 Social Screening  Baseline Socio-EconomicSurvey  Consultations

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 170 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

 Resettlement Action Plan(RAP)  Tribal/Community DevelopmentPlan  Income Restoration Plan  Follow upConsultation  MonitoringMechanism  Grievance RedressMechanism

3.10.2.5. Study area Every industrial project has its operational area. The Yashawant Sugarsis a private adventurous sugar factory established as an agro-industrial enterprise in Khanapur taluka of the Sangli district. Its operational area covers 26 villages around the radius of 10 km falling under the Khanapur and Kadegaon talukas. There are four other sugar factories around the Yashawant Sugars ltd. The Khanapur taluka covers 20 villages and six villages in Kadegaon taluka, which fall under the radius of 10 km around the sugar factory. Theywere Vita, Dhavaleshwar, Gardi, Ghanwad, BhikvadiKhurd, Hingangade, Chikhalhol, Mahuli, Valkhad, Vejegaon, Bhendvade, Valuj, Sangole, Salshinge, Jondhalkhindi, Devnagar, Vasumbe, Bhambarde, Nagewadi and Bhagyanagar in Khanapur taluka and Kotij, Yetgaon, Nevari, Kherade (Vita), Kanherwadi and Chitali villages in Kadegaon talukas comes under the jurisdiction of 10 km radius.Of these villages ten villages (12 from Khanapur and 3 villages from KadegaonTaluka) were selected for conducting the SIAfield study. Around eight villages come within the radius of five km and 18 villages fall within the radius of 10 kms. Of these villages‘ eight villages within the radius of 5 kms and seven villages within the radius of 10 kms, the total 15 villages were identified for conducting the field survey with a structured questionnaire. 3.10.2.6. Objectives The objectives of the SIA are adopted in the assessment of socio-economic condition as given below.

 To evaluate parameters defining socio-economic condition of thepopulation.  Analysis of the identified socio attributes like, population distribution, availability of public utilities, socio-economic livelihood etc. through literature like District Census Handbook, Agricultural Census, N S S study roundsetc.  Primary household survey to assess the present socio-economic status of the families settled around the sugar factory.  Public opinion for industrial expansion in the study area. And the social impact on the general livelihood of the population after the industrialproject.

3.10.2.7. Sources of information The socio-economic information has been gathered and compiled from several secondary sources. These include Taluka Office, Sangli District Collectorate, Agriculture Department, Irrigation Department, Central Ground Water Board, Department of Mines and Geology etc. The demographic data has been compiled from the ‗District Census Handbook, 2011‘ for Sangli District and the Socio-Economic Survey

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 171 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Report on the Sangli District and Industrial Survey Report as these documents are comprehensive and authentic.

3.10.2.8. Sampling The census survey is not essential, when the samples are systematically selected to represent the universe. The sampling however, remains non-probable, when the universe of sampling is unmanageable. Using the Yamne‘s formula, the number of sampling is derived with the help of the formula given asunder. First of all we are working with a finite population. When the population size is known, the Yamane formula for determining the sample size is given by:

n = N / (1 + Ne^2)

Where; n= corrected sample size, N = population size, and e = Margin of error (MoE), e = 0.075 is based on the research condition.Normally; the response received from the respondents remains same. The sampling is non-probable; hence, the snow ball method or judgement sampling method can be used. In a finite population, when the original sample collected is more than 5% of the population size, the corrected sample size is determined by using the Yamane‘s formula.

3.10.3. Social Screening The households of the selected 15 villages are17163. At 7.5% of margin of error (MoE), the sample size in pursuance to the formula above arrives would be: 17163 / (1 + 17163 (0.07.5^2) = 17163 / 96.54 = 177.However, the actual response was 170.

The sampling has no stratification since the households are assumed to be the homogeneous groups of the society representing the social impact of the project. Even we have not derived the Kth sample for conducting the impact study. It would be very difficult to prepare the list of the households in the selected locality of 15 villages. We used the free-lance offer with first come first interviewed method to assess the impact. We used the structured questionnaire for conducting the interviews. The collected data information is processed and tabulated as per the social and economic parameters identified for measuring the impact of the project on the households.

3.10.4. Baseline Socio-Economic Survey 3.10.4.1. Demographic Profile of Two Taluka The study area falls in two taluka area viz. Khanapur and Kadepur.

The totalpopulation of Khanapur Taluka is 258,089; out of which urban populationis 34,102 while rural is 223,987. As per Census 2011, total families in Khanapurwere 7,653. Khanapur (Vita) is a Taluka located in Sangli district of Maharashtra. It is one of 10 Talukas of Sangli district. There are 66 villages and 1 town in Khanapur (Vita) Taluka.As per the Census India 2011, Khanapur (Vita) Taluka has 38109 households, population of 170214 of which 84623 are males and 85591 are females. The population of children between ages 0-6 is 17943 which are 10.54% of total population.The sex-ratio of Khanapur (Vita) Taluka is around 1011 as compared to 929, which is average of Maharashtra state. The literacy rate

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 172 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP of Khanapur (Vita) Taluka is 73.56%; out of which 79.96% males are literate and 67.22% females are literate. The total area of Khanapur (Vita) is 731.69 sq.km with population density of 233 per sq.km.Out of total population, 71.63% of population lives in urban area and 28.37% lives in rural area. There are 13.41% Scheduled Caste (SC) and 0.54% Scheduled Tribe (ST) of total population in Khanapur (Vita) Taluka.

The Kadegaon is a Taluka located in Sangli district of Maharashtra. It is one of 10 Talukas of Sangli district. There are 56 villages and 0 towns in Kadegaon Taluka.As per the Census India 2011, Kadegaon Taluka has 31714 households, population of 143019 of which 71768 are males and 71251 are females. The population of children between ages 0-6 is 15104 which is 10.56% of total population.The sex-ratio of Kadegaon Taluka is around 993 as compared to 929; which is average of Maharashtra state. The literacy rate of Kadegaon Taluka is 72.43%, out of which 78.93% males are literate and 65.88% females are literate. The total area of Kadegaon is 575.68 sq.km with population density of 248 per sq.km.Out of total population, 100% of population lives in urban area and 0 lives in rural area. There are 10.84% Scheduled Caste (SC) and 0.61% Scheduled Tribe (ST) of total population in Kadegaon Taluka.

3.10.4.2. Sampling of the Villages The field survey was planned for the following 15 villages and the selected 170 families. The families were traced with the non-probable judgment sampling method.

Table 3-38Name of the Villages within the Radius of 10 KM and Sample Size

Sample families selected for field Sr. No. Names of the villages survey Khanapur Taluka 1 Gardi 15 2 Ghanvad 10 3 Hingangade 10 4 Chikhalhol 10 5 Bhendwade 10 6 Salshinge 15 7 Nagewadi 15 8 Bhagyanagar 10 9 Vita 15 10 Vejegaon 10 11 Vasumbe 10 12 Mahuli 10 KadegaonTaluka 13 Nevari 10 14 Kanherwadi 10 15 Yetgaon 10 Total 170

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 173 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

3.10.5. Demographic features of the Sample Villages The demographic features of the selected villages are endorsed below; 1. Gardi is a large village located in Khanapur (Vita) Taluka with total 764 families residing. The village has population of 3573; of which 1787 are males and 1786 are females as per Population Census 2011.The village population of children with age 0-6 is 399, which make up 11.17 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio is 999, which is higher than Maharashtra state average of 929. Child Sex Ratio is 995. Gardi village has higher literacy rate as compared to Maharashtra. The literacy rate was 84.94 % as compared to 82.34 % of Maharashtra. Male literacy stands at 90.30 %, and the female literacy rate was 79.58 %. The SC population is 19.90% and the ST population was 1.32%. Out of total population, 1849 were engaged in work activities. The 76.53 % of workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment or Earning more than 6 Months); and 23.47 % were involved in marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of 1849 workers engaged in Main Work, 518 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) while 300 were agricultural labourers. 2. Ghanwad is a large village located in Khanapur (Vita) Taluka with total 605 families residing. The village has population of 2591; of which 1289 are males and 1302 are females as per Population Census 2011. The village population of children with age 0-6 is 282 which make up 10.88 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio is 1010; which is higher than Maharashtra state average of 929. Child Sex Ratio is 905, higher than Maharashtra average of 894.Ghanwad village has higher literacy rate as compared to Maharashtra. The literacy rate was 82.59 % as compared to 82.34 % of Maharashtra. Male literacy stands at 91.41 %, while female literacy rate was 73.97 %. Ghanwad village has substantial population of Schedule Caste. Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 30.10 % of total population in Ghanwad village. The village Ghanwad currently doesn‘t have any Schedule Tribe (ST) population. In Ghanwad village out of total population, 1243 were engaged in work activities. The 83.27 % of workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment or earning more than 6 Months),while 16.73 % were involved in marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of 1243 workers engaged in Main Work, 445 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) and 263 were agricultural labourer. 3. Himgangade is a medium size village located in Khanapur (Vita) Taluka with total 436 families residing. The village has population of 1697; of which 846 are males and 851 are females as per Population Census 2011. The village population of children with age 0-6 is 165, which make up 9.72 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio is 1006, which is higher than Maharashtra state average of 929. Child Sex Ratio for the Himgangade is 774, lower than Maharashtra average of 894. Himgangade village has lower literacy rate as compared to Maharashtra. The literacy rate was 81.01 % as compared to 82.34 % of Maharashtra. Male literacy stands at 91.77 % and female literacy rate was 70.60 %. The Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 5.36 % and Schedule Tribe (ST) were 2.42 % of total population in

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 174 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Himgangade village. Out of total population, 997 were engaged in work activities. The 85.36 % of workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment or earning more than 6 Months); while 14.64 % were involved in marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of 997 workers engaged in Main Work, 308 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) and 342 were gricultural labourer. 4. Chikhalhol is a large village located in Khanapur (Vita) Taluka with total 472 families residing. The village has population of 2071; of which 1023 are males and 1048 are females as per Population Census 2011. The village population of children with age 0-6 is 227; which make up 10.96 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio is 1024; which is higher than Maharashtra state average of 929. Child Sex Ratio is 1183, higher than Maharashtra average of 894. The Chikhalhol village has higher literacy rate as compared to Maharashtra. In 2011, literacy rate of Chikhalhol village was 83.08 %. Male literacy stands at 91.19 % and female literacy rate was 75.03 %. The Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 12.26 % and Schedule Tribe (ST) was 2.03 % of total population.In Chikhalhol village out of total population, 1251 were engaged in work activities. 66.75 % of workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment or earning more than 6 Months); while 33.25 % were involved in marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of 1251 workers engaged in Main Work, 421 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) while 309 were Agricultural labourers. 5. Bhendvade is a large village located in Khanapur (Vita) Taluka with total 490 families residing. The village has population of 2225 of which 1064 are males while 1161 are females as per Population Census 2011. The village population of children with age 0-6 is 248 which makes up 11.15 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Bhendvade village is 1091, which is higher than Maharashtra state average of 929. Child Sex Ratio is 1102, higher than Maharashtra average of 894. The Bhendvade village has lower literacy rate as compared to Maharashtra. In 2011, literacy rate was 80.42 % as compared to 82.34 % of Maharashtra. Male literacy stands at 88.69 % and the female literacy rate was 72.84 %. The Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 19.55 % and Schedule Tribe (ST) was 1.30 % of total population. Out of total population, 1126 were engaged in work activities. 98.49 % of workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment or earning more than 6 Months); while 1.51 % were involved in marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of 1126 workers engaged in Main Work, 461 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) while 513 were agricultural labourers. 6. Salshinge is a large village located in Khanapur (Vita) Taluka with total 501 families residing. The village has population of 2024 of which 948 are males while 1076 are females as per Population Census 2011. The village population of children with age 0-6 is 221 which make up 10.92 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio is 1135, which is higher than Maharashtra state average of 929. Child Sex Ratio is 922, higher than Maharashtra average of 894. The Salshinge village has lower literacy rate as compared to Maharashtra. In 2011, literacy rate of Salshinge village was 77.09 % as compared to 82.34 %

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 175 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP of Maharashtra. Male literacy stands at 88.00 % and female literacy rate was 67.73 %. The Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 16.06 %, while Schedule Tribe (ST) was 0.40 % of total population in Salshinge village. Out of total population, 1026 were engaged in work activities. The 87.04 % of workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment or earning more than 6 Months);while 12.96 % were involved in marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of 1026 workers engaged in Main Work, 400 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) while 310 were Agricultural labourers. 7. Nagewadi is a large village located in Khanapur (Vita) Taluka with total 957 families residing. The village has population of 3957; of which 1942 are males and 2015 are females as per Population Census 2011. The village population of children with age 0-6 is 399 which make up 10.08 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Nagewadi village is 1038; which is higher than Maharashtra state average of 929. Child Sex Ratio is 856, lower than Maharashtra average of 894. Nagewadi village has lower literacy rate as compared to Maharashtra. In 2011, literacy rate of Nagewadi village was 79.88 % as compared to 82.34 % of Maharashtra. Male literacy stands at 89.46 % while female literacy rate was 70.84 %. The Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 11.83 % while Schedule Tribe (ST) was 3.23 % of total population in Nagewadi village. Out of total population, 2200 were engaged in work activities. The 58.27 % of workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment or earning more than 6 Months); while 41.73 % were involved in marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of 2200 workers engaged in Main Work, 800 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) while 203 were agricultural labourers. 8. Bhagyanagar is a medium size village located in Khanapur (Vita) Taluka with total 365 families residing. The village has population of 1636 of which 781 are males and 855 are females as per Population Census 2011. The village population of children with age 0-6 is 169; which make up 10.33 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio is 1095; which is higher than Maharashtra state average of 929. Child Sex Ratio is 878, lower than Maharashtra average of 894. Bhagyanagar village has lower literacy rate as compared to Maharashtra. In 2011, literacy rate of Bhagyanagar village was 75.19 %as compared to 82.34 % of Maharashtra. Male literacy stands at 86.98 %, while female literacy rate was 64.69 %. The Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 8.86 % of total population in Bhagyanagar village. The village Bhagyanagar currently doesn‘t have any Schedule Tribe (ST) population. Out of total population, 935 were engaged in work activities. The 55.72 % of workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment or earning more than 6 Months); while 44.28 % were involved in marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of 935 workers engaged in Main Work, 272 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) while 221 were agricultural labourers. 9. Vita is a Municipal Council city in district of Sangli, Maharashtra. The Vita city is divided into 23 wards for which elections are held every 5 years. The Vita Municipal Council has population of 48,289 of which 24,692 are males while 23,597 are females as per report released by Census India 2011.Population

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 176 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP of Children with age of 0-6 is 5321 which is 11.02 % of total population of Vita (M Cl). In Vita Municipal Council, Female Sex Ratio is of 956 against state average of 929. Moreover Child Sex Ratio in Vita is around 891 compared to Maharashtra state average of 894. Literacy rate of Vita city is 87.27 % higher than state average of 82.34 %. Male literacy is around 92.08 % while female literacy rate is 82.29 %. Vita Municipal Council has total administration over 10,328 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also authorize to build roads within Municipal Council limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction.Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 13.73 % while Schedule Tribe (ST) was0.83 % of total population in Vita (M Cl).Out of total population, 17,619 were engaged in work or business activity. Of this 13,379 were males while 4,240 were females. In census survey, worker is defined as person who does business, job, service, and cultivator and labour activity. Of total 17619 working population, 91.54 % were engaged in Main Work while 8.46 % of total workers were engaged in Marginal Work. 10. Vejegaon is a large village located in Khanapur (Vita) Taluka with total 571 families residing. The village has population of 2384 of which 1111 are males while 1273 are females as per Population Census 2011. The village population of children with age 0-6 is 248 which make up 10.40 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Vejegaon village is 1146, which is higher than Maharashtra state average of 929. Child Sex Ratio is 922, higher than Maharashtra average of 894.The village has lower literacy rate as compared to Maharashtra. The literacy rate of Vejegaon village was 81.65 % as compared to 82.34 % of Maharashtra. Male literacy stands at 89.92 % while female literacy rate was 74.61 %. 11. Wasumbe is a medium size village located in Khanapur (Vita) Taluka with total 306 families residing. The village has population of 1157 of which 538 are males, while 619 are females as per Population Census 2011. The village population of children with age 0-6 is 95 which make up 8.21 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of the village is 1151; which is higher than Maharashtra state average of 929. Child Sex Ratio is 863, lower than Maharashtra average of 894. The village has lower literacy rate compared to Maharashtra. The literacy rate of the village was 80.41 % as compared to 82.34 % of Maharashtra. Male literacy stands at 91.38 % while female literacy rate was 71.13 %. 12. Mahuli is a large village located in Khanapur (Vita) Taluka with total 844 families residing. The village has population of 3613; of which 1810 are males while 1803 are females as per Population Census 2011. The village population of children with age 0-6 is 360 which make up 9.96 % of total population of village. The average Sex Ratio is 996, which is higher than Maharashtra state average of 929. The Child Sex Ratio is 935, higher than Maharashtra average of 894. The village has higher literacy rate as compared to Maharashtra. The literacy rate of Mahuli village was 83.71 % as compared to 82.34 % of Maharashtra. The male literacy stands at 91.56 % while female literacy rate was 75.87 %.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 177 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

13. Nevari is a large village located in Kadegaon Taluka with total 1152 families residing. The village has population of 5325; of which 2660 are males while 2665 are females as per Population Census 2011. In village population of children with age 0-6 is 466, which make up 8.75 % of total population of the village. Average Sex Ratio is 1002, which is higher than Maharashtra state average of 929. Child Sex Ratio is 918, higher than Maharashtra average of 894. The Nevari village has lower literacy rate as compared to Maharashtra. In 2011, literacy rate of Nevari village was 81.95 % as compared to 82.34 % of Maharashtra. Male literacy stands at 90.03 % while female literacy rate was 73.96 %. The Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 17.26 % while Schedule Tribe (ST) was 0.02 % of total population in Nevari village. Out of total population, 2961 were engaged in work activities. The 94.83 % of workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment or earning more than 6 months); while 5.17 % were involved in marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of 2961 workers engaged in Main Work, 2119 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) while 427 were agricultural labourers. 14. Kanharwadi is a medium size village located in Kadegaon Taluka with total 297 families residing. The village has population of 1235; of which 605 are males and 630 are females as per Population Census 2011. The village population of children with age 0-6 is 109 which make up 8.83 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio is 1041, which is higher than Maharashtra state average of 929. Child Sex Ratio is 1019, higher than Maharashtra average of 894. The Kanharwadi village has lower literacy rate as compared to Maharashtra. In 2011, literacy rate of Kanharwadi village was 81.44 % as compared to 82.34 % of Maharashtra. Male literacy stands at 89.66 % and female literacy rate was 73.57 %. The Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 14.09 %, while Schedule Tribe (ST) was 2.75 % of total population in Kanharwadi village. Out of total population, 563 were engaged in work activities. The 93.07 % of workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment or earning more than 6 months); while 6.93 % were involved in marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of 563 workers engaged in Main Work, 321 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) while 157 were Agricultural labourers. 15. Yetgaon is a village situated in Kadegaon taluka of Sangli district in Maharashtra. As per the Population Census 2011, there are total 783 families residing in the village Yetgaon. The total population of Yetgaon is 3,337 out of which 1,655 are males and 1,682 are females thus the Average Sex Ratio of Yetgaon is 1,016. The population of Children of age 0-6 years in Yetgaon village is 339 which is 10% of the total population. There are 189 male children and 150 female children between the ages 0-6 years. Thus as per the Census 2011 the Child Sex Ratio of Yetgaon is 794 which is less than Average Sex Ratio (1,016) of Yetgaon village. As per the Census 2011, the literacy rate of Yetgaon is 78.4%. Thus Yetgaon village has higher literacy rate compared to 72.6% of Sangli district. The male literacy rate is 89.43% and the female literacy rate is 67.75% in Yetgaon village.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 178 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

The average family size in the villages is four.The normal family size in the region is 5. These villages are having a very rational size of family

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 179 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 3-39Demographic Features of the Selected Villages

Total No. Child(0- Schedule Schedule Literacy Total Main Marginal Area in Villages Population of Houses 6) Caste Tribe (%) Workers Worker Worker hectares Khanapur Taluka Gardi 764 3,573 399 711 47 84.94 % 1,849 1,415 434 NA Ghanvad 605 2,591 282 780 0 82.59 % 1,243 1035 208 NA Hingangade 436 1,697 165 91 41 81.01 % 997 851 146 NA Chikhalhol 472 2,071 227 254 42 83.08 % 1,251 835 416 NA Bhendwade 490 2,225 248 435 29 80.42 % 1,126 1,109 17 NA Salshinge 501 2,024 221 325 8 77.09 % 1,026 893 133 NA Nagewadi 957 3,957 399 468 128 79.88 % 2,200 1,282 918 NA Bhagyanagar 365 1,636 169 145 0 75.19 % 935 521 414 NA Vita 10,328 48,289 5321 13.73% 0.83% 87.27 % 17,619 91.54% 8.46% NA Vejegaon 571 2384 248 281 1 81.65 % 1,188 1,175 13 NA Wasumbe 306 1,157 95 187 0 80.41% 635 586 49 NA Mahuli 844 3613 360 644 1 83.71% 1914 1613 301 NA Kadegaon Taluka Nevari 208 5,325 466 919 1 81.95 % 2,961 2,808 153 NA Kanherwadi 297 1,235 109 174 34 81.44 % 563 524 39 NA Yetgaon 783 3337 339 171 13 78.35% 1397 147 12 NA Total 17163 81541 8649 5585* 345* 81.27 36904 14794* 3253* NA Note: * Excluding Vita

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 180 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

3.10.6. Agriculture sector The average rainfall of the Sangli district is 750 mm. It is highest in the Shirala Tehsil and lowest in the Atpadi Tehsil. The highest temperature is 42.2° Celsius and lowest is 14.3° Celsius. The percentage of cultivated land to total cultivable land is 80 percent. It is 96.71 percent in Tasgaon taluka.Persons holding land up to one hectare hold 12.15 percent of the land and their percentage is 48.64 percent in Sangli district. Persons holding land from one to two hectares hold 18.98 percent of land and their percentage is 22.51 percent. Persons holding two to four hectares of land hold 27.42 percent of land and their percentage is 17.62. Persons holding four to ten percent hectares of land hold 28.78 percent of land and their percentage is 8.78 percent. The percentage of the land holders more than 10 hectares is 1.52 percent and they hold 12.65 percent of land.

The geographical area of the Khanapur (Vita) taluka is 78725.49 hectares, of which 59339.63 hectares is cultivable land. The irrigated area is 6742 hectares (7.50%), whereas, the geographical area of the Kadegaon taluka is 58056.07 hectares; of which 47156.6 hectares is cultivable land. The area under irrigation is 2565 hectares (8.85%).

Agriculture is the predominant sector in the selected 10villages. The villagewise agriculture data was not available. Hence, the taluka data is used to acknowledge the situation in the region. Grape, Turmeric and Sugarcane occupies a pride of place in the agricultural economyof Vitataluka, as these are the important commercial crops in the area. The area under sugarcane has increased by almost 250 percent in the last twodecades.Crops grown in study area and the tehsilare sugarcane, turmeric, ginger and cereals such as jowar. Oil seeds such as soybean, groundnut, sunflower, safflower and other oil seeds are cultivated in fewirrigated patches. The Sangli district has 32 turmeric milling units, which processes the whole turmeric and the powder for export. Rajapuri Turmeric is very famous around the world. The district has obtained the GI certificate for the raisins grown in the tehsil.

Sorghum is a major crop in Sangli district and is popular in this region. Sangli‘s turmeric and turmeric- market are famous in India. Sugarcane is also grown on a large scale in the district. In 2019 the area under sugarcane was 95, 827 hectares. It may reach more than one lakh hectares of area under sugarcane in 2020-21. In the recent past, Sangli district has been well-known for its production, in which Tasgaon and Miraj talukas are leading the district in grape production. Grape-making industries are growing. Major crops in the district are; bajara, paddy, jowar, wheat, maize, sugarcane, groundnut, turmeric, soybean, grapes, pomegranate and cotton. The Chaman is another local grape variety, which is popular all around the world.

The increasing area under canal irrigation schemes under Tembhu and Takari Irrigation Projects had been mainly responsible for growth in the area under sugarcane. The second main factor that has induced the expansion in the sugarcane area has been the establishment of cooperative sugar factories in the vicinity of the taluka. However, over use of irrigation and chemical fertilizers create problems like water logging and salinity that led to decrease in productivity of land. Continuously mono-cropping i. e. area under sugarcane during the last three decades increased and created salinity problem in certain pockets of the taluka.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 181 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

120000

100000

80000 Series2 60000 Series1

40000

20000

0 Kadegaon Khanapur

Figure 3-24Sugarcane area in Kadegaon and Khanapur Talukas Notes: Series 1 indicates total land under cultivation

Series 2 indicates area under sugarcane.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 182 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 3-40TahsilwiseAggregate (2010-13)Areas under Different Crops (Area in Hectares)

Sr. Crops Walwa Kadegaon Khanapur Palus Tasgaon Miraj KavatheMahankal Jat Atpadi Shirala Total No 1 Rice 4500 225 45 1670 55 82 0 0 5 11441 18023 2 Wheat 3818 400 2850 2290 1920 4800 975 3000 3021 1730 24804 3 Jowar 10861 15125 33850 6225 31450 19950 31000 87660 880 2585 239586 4 Bajara 20 846 8150 --- 270 4250 5230 26750 1624 - 47140 5 Maize 11075 928 1205 830 2070 5750 1550 4174 824 2638 31044 6 Gram 5993 125 3060 2940 2630 4950 875 1200 1575 1410 24758 Total 7 Grain 4803 23020 54265 15531 43535 41972 42228 124721 5033 4826 359934 crops 8 Sugarcane 24400 7675 4900 7460 2301 13470 550 1086 535 6511 68888 9 Groundnut 10243 3633 4150 1470 4540 1135 725 1050 445 3780 31171 10 Soyabean 15358 3268 2530 8215 8500 10400 750 10 10 1352 50393 Total 91071 55245 115005 46631 97271 106759 83883 249651 13952 36273 895741

Source: - Compiled from the data of Agricultural Department of Sangli district.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 183 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

3.10.7. SWOT analysis of the agriculture sector in Sangli district The SWOT analysis of the agriculture sector in Sangli districtcan be analysed as under (Jugale, 2011);

Strengths of agricultural sector in the Sangli district

1. 69.22% of land area is cultivable area; of which, 75.50% i.e. 52.26% of total geographical area comes under Khariff cultivation and 25.90% of land area is brought under cultivation in Rabbi Season. 2. Land under irrigation is 26.28% (1.56 lakh hectares). 3. Climatic conditions are suitable for horticultural and floricultural development. As on today 45,000 hectares of cultivable land area belongs to horticultural crops, 13,980 hectares of land area comes under vegetables and 411.85 hectares under floriculture. 4. The roads and railways facilitate to expand the agricultural markets and the trade and commerce will be less costly. 5. Perennial flow of water through Krishna River. The Koyana, Warana and the Dhom dam projects are built in the upper streams of the rivers. Consequently, the rivers flow perennial of water whenever it is required. 6. Four western tehsils of the district comes under the irrigation, the eastern part is drought. 7. Growth centres formed on the principles of co-operation. 8. Famous for Turmeric processing and powdering. Slowly it is reaching the world over. The supply of whole Turmeric comes from Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu states. Sangli is the market place for the agricultural commodities. Sangli is having a typical storage facility. The whole turmeric is stored in pits (1500 pits with a capacity of 120 quintals each) specially dug around Horipur and Sangliwadi villages. 9. Tash a Ganesh variety (also known locally as a Tasgaon variety) of grape is planted in Sangli. It is an export quality grape in Sangli. More than 50% of grapes are converted into raisins. The raisins are produced (processed grapes) and marketed in Sangli. Of late, farmers are now prepared to shift to grape winery. 10. Employment Guarantee Scheme was pioneered in the district by V.S.Page and is being implemented nationwide today. 11. Farmers in the district are triggered by self-initiatives in organic farming supported by the NGOs and the Agriculture Department. 12. District is having a co-operative network.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 184 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Weaknesses of agriculture sector in the Sangli district

1. The soil salinity in the sugarcane belt is one of the environmental disorders caused by unscientific use of water and chemical fertilizers. More than 54,000 hectares of land area is infected by salinity and more than 15,000 hectares of land area is permanently fall barren due to salinisation in the district area. 2. The three eastern tehsils viz Jat, Atpadi and Khanapur tehsils and some portion of the Tasgaon tehsil of the district comes under the rain shadow zone. This area is facing the problem of irrigation. An implementation of integrated water shed development programmes is the only remedy to overcome this, which requires awareness and an integrated approach towards water literacy. 3. High percentage of waste lands is spread over in hilly areas. There are no irrigation facilities available in the hilly area. Land holding is fragmented. The labourers are abundant but unskilled. The storage facilities are poor borne by losses. 4. Lack of entrepreneurial abilities for enhancing the IT and the service sector. 5. Lack of infrastructural facilities is responsible for non-accelerating the pace of development. 6. Lack of air traffic services. Lack of infrastructural facilities 7. As per the survey of 1997, 51,386 families (9.94% of total district population) were living below poverty line. 8. More than 75 % of population lives in rural area, most of them are dependent on agriculture and allied sectors. Opportunities in the agriculture sector in the Sangli district

1. There are some opportunities lying unidentified as growth drivers in the agricultural sector. Apart from the integrated watershed development programmes, the Mhaisal, Takari and Tembhu irrigation projects will generate additional irrigation potentials in the district area. 2. The dry land agriculture will contribute to the pulses production. The technique of dry agriculture still has to be propagated in the district. 3. The inter-state agricultural marketing hub can be developed in Sangli proper, provided some infrastructural facilities are availed of in this direction. 4. The agricultural commodity parks like; Turmeric, Raisins, Sugar, Floriculture, Horticulture can be developed. 5. The micro-banking has a vital scope in developing micro-enterprises and micro insurance. 6. The agripreneurship can be developed with basic intensive coaching on agribusiness strategies.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 185 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

7. The extension activities towards G2R policies are required to be activated through peoples‘ participation in the district area. 8. The precision art of farming can be developed in the district. 9. There is a vital scope for contract and corporate farming in sugarcane, grape, raisins, horticulture and turmeric. 10. The wastelands can be developed through horticulture and forest plantation. 11. There is a vital potential in medicinal and aromatic plantation. 12. Agro-tourism, seed villages, extension and training centres can be developed in some part of the district. 13. The urban location particularly, Sangli and Miraj has opportunity to develop the health sector Threats of the agriculture sector in the Sangli district

1. The growing soil salinisation is degrading the cultivable land; particularly in irrigated area the problem is becoming crucial. 2. The decelerating rate of sugarcane yield is worrying factor and hence, it may cause a threat to the sugar factories in the district. 3. The installation of the irrigation is slow due to lack of funds from the State organization. 4. Some part of the district is affected by floods, while some part comes under the drought conditions. This dichotomy needs special attention. The land and water resource management needs attention.

3.10.8. Irrigation The Yerala Rivers flow through the taluka area. There are good numbers of Co-operative Lift Irrigation Schemes in both the taluka. They are well managed and running efficiently. The main sources of irrigation are surface irrigation through lift irrigation schemes, borewells and wells. Co-operative Lift Irrigation Societies have great importance in the matter of production of agricultural production by providing water facilities to the land. This is more so in the case of agriculture, which is dependent on nature to the agriculturists for irrigating their lands by pumping water from the rivers. Grape crop is totally comes under the drip irrigation system. All rivers have facilitated to increase the surface irrigation by various means of lift irrigation (cooperatives, private, jointly managed). There is a considerable growth of the sugarcane in the both taluka. Various cane development activities are being implemented by the sugar factory since last two decades. Consequently, thecane crushing of the sugar factory has gone up. Sugarcane crop has a credit link with the PACS; its harvesting is shouldered by the sugar factories. Obviously, farmers prefer to go to sugarcane crop, though it may be a mono crop culture. Other crops have a marketing risk and face labour shortage or non-tolerated wages of the labourers. Due to short of the crushing capacity of the sugar factories, the diversion of the cane supply to other neighbouring sugar factories took place in several times. The Cane Development Department has to manage the cane supply efficiently along with the quality of the sugarcane in the area. Various incentives have to be provided to the farmers through sugarfactory.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 186 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 3-41Talukawise Areaunder Irrigation - 2010 (Area in Hectares) Agricultural Surface Well Taluka Total Percentage Area Irrigation Irrigation Khanapur 59339.63 7343 9401 25369 42.75 Kadegaon 47156.6 11345 NA 20746 43.99

Source: Based on Socio-economic District Report 2010 & Sangli District Irrigation Department Handbook 2010.

3.10.9. Social Infrastructure in Two Talukas 3.10.9.1. Drinking Water Facility Every village in the tehsil is having a tap water. In some places water ATMs are seen. Around 60 to 70 percentages of the households in Khanapur and Kadegaon tehsils are having a drinking water facility developed by the local self-governments respectively (see Table 3-42). 3.10.9.2. Source of Lighting The main source of lighting is electricity. It is supplied to almost all villages (see Table 3-43). The solar energy is slowly developing in rural areas. All traditional sources of lighting have been lessoned.

3.10.9.3. Latrine Facility The latrine facility is provided to all concerned in both the talukas. However, large number of people in rural area still goes to open latrines (see Table 3-44)

3.10.9.4. Waste Water Outlet More than 50% of the households in Khanapur and Kadegaon talukas are not having waste water outlet facilities (see Table 3-45)

3.10.9.5. Kitchen Facility Almost more than 80% of families are having the kitchen facility inside the houses (see Table 3-46)

3.10.9.6. Fuel Used for Cooking More than 40-50% of families are having the LPG connections. However, the rural households are using fire wood, kerosene and cow dungs as fuel for their families (see Table 3-47)

3.10.9.7. Banking services Almost all large villages are having the banking facilities. However, some small rural villages do not have access of banking facilities. The ATM s facility is mostly available at nearby places (see table 3-48).All other communication devices are available and accessible to almost all households. TV is becoming an essential commodity even in rural areas.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 187 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 3-42Number and Percentage of Householdby main Source of Drinking Water, 2011 Tap Tap water Total/ Total water Un- Tube Tank/ from Covered Hand River/ Other Talukas Rural/ Number of from covered well/bor Spring pond/ treated well pump canal Sources Urban households untreated well ehole lake source source 23,066 3,309 312 3,475 2,452 4,380 16 21 114 413 Total 37,558 (61.41%) (8.81%) (0.83%) (9.25%) (6.53%) (11.66%) (0.04%) (0.06%) (0.3%) (1.1%) 13,856 3,225 289 3,159 2,412 4,006 13 19 51 346 Khanapur Rural 27,376 (50.61%) (11.78%) (1.06%) (11.54%) (8.81%) (14.63%) (0.05%) (0.07%) (0.19%) (1.26%) 9,210 84 23 316 40 374 3 2 63 67 Urban 10,182 (90.45%) (0.82%) (0.23%) (3.1%) (0.39%) (3.67%) (0.03%) (0.02%) (0.62%) (0.66%) 13,765 2,389 794 5,612 3,197 3,650 46 25 89 185 Total 29,752 (46.27%) (8.03%) (2.67%) (18.86%) (10.75%) (12.27%) (0.15%) (0.08%) (0.3%) (0.62%) Kadegaon Rural 13,765 2,389 794 5,612 3,197 3,650 46 25 89 185 Rural 29,752 (46.27%) (8.03%) (2.67%) (18.86%) (10.75%) (12.27%) (0.15%) (0.08%) (0.3%) (0.62%) Urban 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Source:Compiled from, https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2735_PART_B_DCHB_%20SANGLI.pdf

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 188 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 3-43Number and Percentage of Households by main Source of Lighting, 2011

Talukas Total/Rural/Urban Households Electricity Kerosene Solar Other oil Any other No lighting Total 37,558 32,525 (86.6%) 4,572 (12.17%) 27 (0.07%) 90 (0.24%) 42 (0.11%) 302 (0.8%) Khanapur Rural 27,376 22,882 (83.58%) 4,085 (14.92%) 23 (0.08%) 84 (0.31%) 36 (0.13%) 266 (0.97%) Urban 10,182 9,643 (94.71%) 487 (4.78%) 4 (0.04%) 6 (0.06%) 6 (0.06%) 36 (0.35%) Total 29,752 25,780 (86.65%) 3,685 (12.39%) 19 (0.06%) 50 (0.17%) 53 (0.18%) 165 (0.55%) Kadegaon Rural 29752 25,780 (86.65%) 3,685 (12.39%) 19 (0.06%) 50 (0.17%) 53 (0.18%) 165 (0.55%) Urban 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Source: Compiled from, https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2735_PART_B_DCHB_%20SANGLI.pdf

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 189 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 3-44 Number and Percentage of Households by type of Latrine Facility, 2011

Night With Night Night soil Piped slab/Venti Without soil soil Total/Rural Septic Other disposed Public Open Talukas households sewer lated slab/open removed serviced /Urban tank system into Latrine system improved pit by by open pit human animals drain 1,584 11,085 695 13,432 138 22 0 7 4,150 6,445 Total 37,558 (4.22%) (29.51%) (1.85%) (35.76%) (0.37%) (0.06%) (0%) (0.02%) (11.05%) (17.16%) 748 5,809 623 13,046 43 13 0 4 3,028 4,062 Khanapur Rural 27,376 (2.73%) (21.22%) (2.28%) (47.65%) (0.16%) (0.05%) (0%) (0.01%) (11.06%) (14.84%) 836 5,276 72 386 95 9 0 3 1,122 2,383 Urban 10,182 (8.21%) (51.82%) (0.71%) (3.79%) (0.93%) (0.09%) (0%) (0.03%) (11.02%) (23.4%) 689 7,735 832 12,750 94 39 10 24 3,860 3,719 Total 29,752 (2.32%) (26%) (2.8%) (42.85%) (0.32%) (0.13%) (0.03%) (0.08%) (12.97%) (12.5%) Kadegaon 689 7,735 832 12,750 94 39 10 24 3,860 3,719 Rural 29,752 (2.32%) (26%) (2.8%) (42.85%) (0.32%) (0.13%) (0.03%) (0.08%) (12.97%) (12.5%) Urban 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Source: compiled from, https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2735_PART_B_DCHB_%20SANGLI.pdf

Table 3-45Number and Percentage of Households by type of Drainage connectivity for Waste Water Outlet, 2011

Talukas Total/Rural/Urban Total number of households Closed drainage Open drainage No drainage Total 37,558 4,316 (11.49%) 13,885 (36.97%) 19,357 (51.54%) Khanapur Rural 27,376 2,985 (10.9%) 9,358 (34.18%) 15,033 (54.91%) Urban 10,182 1,331 (13.07%) 4,527 (44.46%) 4,324 (42.47%) Total 29,752 2,491 (8.37%) 11,127 (37.4%) 16,134 (54.23%) Kadegaon Rural 29,752 2,491 (8.37%) 11,127 (37.4%) 16,134 (54.23%) Urban 0 0 0 0 Source: compiled from, https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2735_PART_B_DCHB_%20SANGLI.pdf

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 190 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 3-46Number and Percentage of Households by Availability of Kitchen Facility, 2011 Cooking inside house Cooking outside house Total/Rural/ Total number No cooking Talukas Has kitchen Does not have Does not have Urban of Households Has kitchen kitchen kitchen Total 37,558 28,096 (74.81%) 7,708 (20.52%) 795 (2.12%) 689 (1.83%) 270 (0.72%) Khanapur Rural 27,376 20,029 (73.16%) 5,777 (21.1%) 726 (2.65%) 661 (2.41%) 183 (0.67%) Urban 10,182 8,067 (79.23%) 1,931 (18.96%) 69 (0.68%) 28 (0.27%) 87 (0.85%) Total 29,752 22,697 (76.29%) 5,970 (20.07%) 391 (1.31%) 529 (1.78%) 165 (0.55%) Kadegaon Rural 29,752 22,697 (76.29%) 5,970 (20.07%) 391 (1.31%) 529 (1.78%) 165 (0.55%) Urban 0 0 0 0 0 0 Source: compiled from, https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2735_PART_B_DCHB_%20SANGLI.pdf

Table 3-47Number and Percentage of Households by type of fuel used for Cooking, 2011

Total Cow Coal/ No Total/Rur Crop Kerosen LPG/ Electricit Any Talukas household Firewood dung lignite/ Bio-gas cooking al/Urban residue e PNG y other s cake charcoal

18,783 1,274 270 41 1,095 15,442 19 299 65 270 Total 37,558 (50.01%) (3.39%) (0.72%) (0.11%) (2.92%) (41.12%) (0.05%) (0.8%) (0.17%) (0.72%) 16,421 1,177 208 31 431 8,608 11 267 39 183 Khanapur Rural 27,376 (59.98%) (4.3%) (0.76%) (0.11%) (1.57%) (31.44%) (0.04%) (0.98%) (0.14%) (0.67%) 2,362 97 62 10 664 6,834 8 32 26 87 Urban 10,182 (23.2%) (0.95%) (0.61%) (0.1%) (6.52%) (67.12%) (0.08%) (0.31%) (0.26%) (0.85%) 18,457 1,722 736 11 439 7,544 12 640 26 165 Total 29,752 (62.04%) (5.79%) (2.47%) (0.04%) (1.48%) (25.36%) (0.04%) (2.15%) (0.09%) (0.55%) Kadegaon 18,457 1,722 736 11 439 7,544 12 640 26 165 Rural 29,752 (62.04%) (5.79%) (2.47%) (0.04%) (1.48%) (25.36%) (0.04%) (2.15%) (0.09%) (0.55%) Urban 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Source: compiled from, https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2735_PART_B_DCHB_%20SANGLI.pdf

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 191 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 3-48Number and Percentage of Households availing Banking services and number of Households having each of the specified assets in, 2011 Number and percentage of households Total Both number of Comput Computer/ Total/R Total Land Scooter/ households er/ laptopWit None of the Talukas ural/Urb househol Radio/ Land line line and Motor Car/ Jeep/ availing Television laptop hout Mobile Bicycle specified an ds Transistor Telephone Mobile Cycle/ Van banking With Internet asset Telepho Moped services Internet ne 29,054 10,545 21,145 564 1,913 3,602 19,951 3,558 17,534 12,122 1,898 5,540 Total 37,558 (77.36%) (28.08%) (56.3%) (1.5%) (5.09%) (9.59%) (53.12%) (9.47%) (46.69%) (32.28%) (5.05%) (14.75%) 21,559 6,812 13,640 229 992 3,127 13,048 2,626 12,200 8,086 1,083 4,778 Khanapur Rural 27,376 (78.75%) (24.88%) (49.82%) (0.84%) (3.62%) (11.42%) (47.66%) (9.59%) (44.56%) (29.54%) (3.96%) (17.45%) 7,495 3,733 7,505 335 921 475 6,903 932 5,334 4,036 762 Urban 10,182 815 (8%) (73.61%) (36.66%) (73.71%) (3.29%) (9.05%) (4.67%) (67.8%) (9.15%) (52.39%) (39.64%) (7.48%) 25,384 7,139 15,405 276 1,800 2,448 16,306 1,963 16,646 9,368 1,065 4,179 Total 29,752 (85.32%) (24%) (51.78%) (0.93%) (6.05%) (8.23%) (54.81%) (6.6%) (55.95%) (31.49%) (3.58%) (14.05%) 25,384 7,139 15,405 276 1,800 2,448 16,306 1,963 16,646 9,368 1,065 4,179 Kadegaon Rural 29,752 (85.32%) (24%) (51.78%) (0.93%) (6.05%) (8.23%) (54.81%) (6.6%) (55.95%) (31.49%) (3.58%) (14.05%) Urban 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Source: compiled from, https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2735_PART_B_DCHB_%20SANGLI.pdf

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 192 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

3.10.10. Industrial sector in the location There are three manufacturing sectors in Sangli district viz.Raisin Making Cluster, Textile Cluster and Turmeric Cluster. Sangli district has entered into the new venture of wine manufacturing. The wine industry in Sangli has achieved the classic vintage category taste of wine. Overflowing fomenters exited for appraisement of European and Australian market. Milk based products/dairy products has very good potential as the district is adjacent to Kolhapur district and surrounded by many holy places, hence milk products like khava, pedha, burfi has been major commodity amongst the devotees. Being largest grape producing district, many international avenues can be explored in order to export the raisins and grapes as table fruit. 4. Being known as Turmeric city of India because of storage facilities in the area underground the soil i.e. pits (pevas) and marketing of turmeric through commodity exchange. The major exportable items are; Turmeric, Raisins, Grape Wine, Grapes, few engineering components, Readymade Garments, etc. Growth Trend indicates that;

As potential in the Sangli district is in the sector primarily in fruit processing viz. grapes processing i.e. Raisin making, Wine making, many wineries coming up meeting international standards would give boost to export in this sector.

Sangli Food Park is being planned on 305 acre plot at Mane Rajuri near Sangli city, very appropriate location for processing of grapes, turmeric, mangos, pomegranates, citrus and custard apples.

Common Facility Centre created for Raisin Making Cluster Sangli under MSE-CDP scheme would certainly enhance the export of raisins to the international avenues complying international packaging standards.

The other vendorisation / ancillarisation of the industry are Engineering items, Electrical & Electronics components, Defense auto component and ammunition spares also sugar mill based, steel fabricated items, hardware items etc. the broad product-wise classification of enterprises having scope in Sangli District are indicated as under (GOI, MSME),

1) Agro based Industries:-

1. Soyabean 2. Confectioneries 3. Vermi Composting units 4. Organics fertilizers 5. Mushroom Processing 6. Organic pesticides 7. Fruit Processing of Grapes, tomatoes, pomegranates, Papaya, Mango 8. Dairy Products i.e. Cheese, Paneer, Ice – cream etc. 9. Essential Oil 10. Wooden furniture 11. Liquid Glucose from Rice.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 193 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

2) Chemical / Plastic / Glass & ceramics

1. R.C.C. Pipes / Particle Board 2. Corrugated Boxes / Paper Bags 3. Detergent Soaps & Powder 4. Plastic moulded articles 5. Readymade Garment 6. Canvas Bags / Shoes 7. Aerated water 8. Absorbent cotton 9. Dying & Printing 3) Electrical / Mechanical /Electronics items

1) Inverters /UPS for Domestic use 2) Agricultural implements 3) Computers 4) Artificial / Golden Jewellery 5) Machine Components 6) VCD/DVD players 7) Precision Tool room Centre 4) Demand based Industries

8) School uniforms 9) Surgical dresses (Doctor‘s dress) 10) Swimming costume 11) Textile screen printing 12) Track suits 13) Wing cheater 14) Woolen mufflers knitted 15) Woven labels 16) Protein rich biscuits 17) Shrimp papad 18) Soya based food products 19) Squash and syrups 20) Tomato products 21) Wafer biscuits, (New)

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 194 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

22) Carbon Potentiometers 23) Crimped wire connectors 24) Loud Speakers 25) T.V. Tuners (Turret Type) 26) Transformer and coils (For electronic applications) 27) Wire wound resistors 28) Gold plating on metallic optical frames and Jewellery 29) Hard chrome plating 30) Menthol crystal 31) Mosquito repellent mat 32) Plastic molded luggage 5) Service Industries

1) DTP Centres 2) Automobile Servicing 3) Fabrication 4) Cable / Ropeway for Amusement 5) Repairs / maintenance of vehicles 6) Repairs of Pump sets 7) Advertising agencies 8) Marketing Consultancy 9) Industrial Consultancy 10) Equipment rental & leasing 11) Typing centers 12) Xeroxing 13) Industrial photography 14) Industrial R&D Labs 15) Industrial Testing Labs 16) Auto repair, service and garages 17) Documentary films on themes like Family Planning, Social Forestry, Energy conservation & Commercial advertising 18) Laboratories engaged in testing of raw materials, finished products 19) ―Servicing Industry‖ undertakings engaged in maintenance, repair, testing or servicing of all types of vehicles and machinery of any description including electronic/electrical

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 195 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

equipment/instruments i.e. measuring/control instruments, televisions, tape recorders, VCRs, radios, transformers, motors, watches etc. press 20) Laundry & Dry cleaning 21) X-Ray clinic 22) Growing of crops; market gardening; horticulture, Growing of cereals and other crops. 23) Growing of vegetables, horticultural specialties and nursery products 24) Growing of fruits, nuts, beverage and spice crops 25) Farming of animals 26) Agricultural and animal husbandry service activities, except veterinary activities 27) Hunting, trapping and game propagation including related service activities 28) Forestry, logging and related service activities 29) Fishing, operation of fish hatcheries and fish farms : Service activities incidental to fishing. 30) Video shooting 31) Bore well 32) Hot mix plant (Irrespective of mobile or immovable) 33) Research & Development

3.10.11. Socio-Economic Profile Selected Samples ofthe study area The corresponding sub-sections are the outcome of the field survey conducted in the vicinity of the Yashavant Sugars ltd. The number of household covered under the field survey was 170 from the selected 15 villages.

1. Dependents in thefamilies The heads of family indicate the women status in the society. The families covered under the survey indicate that no female was heading the families. Almost all families were headed by male. This indicates the male domination in the society. The head of the families along with other members work together for the families collectively. The number of dependents in the families is classified in Table 3-46. The average size of the family is four, which indicate the rational size of thefamily.

Table 3-49Dependents in the Family Sr.No. Names of thevillages Samplefamilies Girls Boys Grand-parents Khanapur taluka 1 Gardi 15 31 25 11 2 Ghanvad 10 19 13 10 3 Hingangade 10 20 12 13 4 Chikhalhol 10 17 8 12 5 Bhendwade 10 18 13 12 6 Salshinge 15 28 21 14 7 Nagewadi 15 28 17 18

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 196 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Sr.No. Names of thevillages Samplefamilies Girls Boys Grand-parents 8 Bhagyanagar 10 17 13 9 9 Vita 15 29 21 14 10 Vejegaon 10 19 12 13 11 Wasumbe 10 19 13 8 12 Mahuli 10 19 13 13 Kadegaon taluka 13 Nevari 10 15 11 17 14 Kanherwadi 10 19 12 12 15 Yetgaon 10 19 12 9 Total 170 317 216 185

Notes: Total Number of People = 718 ÷ Total Sample Families = 170 = Size of Family = 4.22

20 Girls Boys 15 Grand-parents

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Figure 3-25Demographic Scale of the Villages Notes:1-15 is the number of villages in the Tables

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 197 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 3-50 Profile of the Sample Families Surveyed for SIA.

No of Samples with No of Samples with No of samples with Fruit No samples agriculturalland area Irrigation sources sugarcane area Sr. Names of the Samplef cultivator having drip (Area in acres) No. villages amilies (Area in acres) (Area in acres) s system Up to 2 3-5 Bore well Wells Canals Up to 2 3-5 Khanapur Taluka 1 Gardi 15 1 8 10 5 15 10 - 10 5 2 Ghanvad 10 1 4 8 2 9 3 - 10 - 3 Hingangade 10 1 4 7 3 6 4 - 7 3 4 Chikhalhol 10 - 4 7 3 12 7 - 7 3 5 Bhendwade 10 2 4 8 2 7 5 - 8 2 6 Salshinge 15 - 3 11 4 12 7 - 11 4 7 Nagewadi 15 1 6 10 5 3 6 - 10 5 8 Bhagyanagar 10 - 5 5 5 8 3 - 5 5 9 Vita 15 8 1 10 5 10 6 5 12 1 10 Vejegaon 10 1 2 7 3 6 5 1 8 2 11 Wasumbe 10 5 - 8 2 9 1 1 10 - 12 Mahuli 10 1 6 6 4 4 6 3 7 3 Kadegaon Taluka 13 Nevari 10 4 1 10 2 7 3 - 7 1 14 Kanherwadi 10 2 - 10 - 6 4 - 10 - 15 Yetgaon 10 1 6 10 - 6 5 - 10 - Total 170 29 54 125 42 130 75 10 142 34

Notes: Main source of irrigation is bore well and well owned individually or collectively.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 198 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

2. Education level in thefamily The number of illiterates and primary schooling in the families was nil in the sample families. This indicates better performance of the families, who remained literates up to SSC. The compulsory education facility is being implemented since long in the villages.The number of HSC is more. The graduates remained at eight only.

Table 3-51Educational Level of the Persons in the Families

Level of education No of persons % to total (170) Illiterates - - Primary - - Matriculation 56 32.94 HSC 106 62.35 Graduates 8 4.70 Postgraduates - - Total 170 100.00

120

100

80 No of persons 60 % to total (170) 40

0 1 2 3

Figure 3-26Educational Level of the Persons in the Families Note: 1,2,3 indicates SSC, HSC, Graduate respectively

3. Occupationalclassification Most of people now a day prefer to opt for the side business or the support activities to agriculture sector. Around 117 families were solely engaged allied agricultural activities, mostly dairying and micro enterprises. It was equally considered as supportive activities in the taluka area. Some people were engaged in business and trade activities, while most of the persons were self-employed. Employment in the service sector constitutes to 58 persons.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 199 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Agriculture provides enterprising activities since the taluka is having potentials of sugarcane and grape crops. All other economic activities are least important in the area. The villagers were equally engaged in cane cultivationsince its processing and marketing is linked with sugar factories. People were interested in dairy business rather than production activities. Marketing of the fruits is an economic activity in the taluka.Around 98 families were engaged in grape cultivation. Dairy and poultry sector is very popular in the taluka areas.

4. Land holding Since the dependency on agriculture is high, the land holding is less in the study area. Medium farmers have irrigation facilities. Small land holders could hardly invest in irrigation. Hence, they depend on the collective irrigation system. Obviously, the farmers prefer to go for sugarcane and grape agriculture. Of the total sample families 125 (73.52%) families were having a land size below two acres.

5. Cropping pattern Agriculture being a main occupation, farmers prefers to go for sugarcane plantation crops. Very less cultivable land area comes under irrigation. Of the total irrigated land area76.47% of irrigated area belongs to bore well irrigation system. Only54 families were installed the modern irrigation i.e. drip and sprinkling system.

6. Addictions Most of the family members were addicted by pan-tobacco chewing habits. Around 68persons mainly the head of the family were having the habit of tobacco and ghutaka chewing habit.There were 29 persons smoking bidi/cigarettes among the samples and three persons were addicted by alcohol drinking.

7. Income level The occupational structure of the villages has an impact on the level of income in the villages. The agriculturists were mostly engaged in sugarcane and grape plantation crops. Hence, their income level remains high. The employed and self-employed persons mostly belong to all families. The number of employed persons is 58 and the number of families engaged in agriculture and allied activities like dairy, poultry and grocery shops is 117. They preferred to work at the low wages at the local places. The number of families belonging to the low layers of the income stream is high among the selectedfamilies. The self-employed activities are basically associated to the agriculture sector.

The agricultural income from the sugarcane and grape earned by the 170 families during the 2020-21 seasons is endorsed in the table below. Most of the employed persons were employed in private sector. Most of the samples were engaged in self-employment activities. Sugarcane and the grapes is the main source of agricultural income in the project area.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 200 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Income from Poultry/ Dairy/Trade/Grocery shops Income from fruit crops

Agricultural income

Figure 3-27Classification of the Samples as per their Sources of Income

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 201 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 3-52 Classification of the Samples as per their Sources of Income

Sr. Names of Samplef Income from Poultry/ Agricultural income Income from fruit crops No. thevillages amilies Dairy/Trade/Grocery shops Rs. Rs 5 Up to Rs. Rs. 1- Rs. 2-3 Up to Rs. Rs. Rs. 1- Up to Rs. Rs. 1- 50000-1 and Rs.50000 50,000 2lakh lakh 10000 50000 2lakh 10000 2lakh lakh above Khanapur taluka 1 Gardi 15 - 5 11 - - 2 1 - 1 1 1 2 Ghanvad 10 1 7 3 - - 2 2 - 2 - - 3 Hingangade 10 - 4 5 1 - 3 1 - 1 - - 4 Chikhalhol 10 - 4 6 - - 2 2 - 3 - - 5 Bhendwade 10 - 2 5 3 - 2 2 1 1 - - 6 Salshinge 15 - 5 9 1 - 3 1 - 2 - - 7 Nagewadi 15 - 8 7 - 1 4 3 - 4 2 - 8 Bhagyanagar 10 - 4 5 1 - 5 1 - 2 - - 9 Vita 15 1 8 5 - 1 6 1 - 2 - 1 10 Vejegaon 10 - 3 7 - - - 1 - 3 - - 11 Wasumbe 10 - 6 3 1 - 5 3 1 1 - 1 12 Mahuli 10 - 5 5 - - 2 1 - 1 - - Kadegaon taluka 13 Nevari 10 5 3 3 - - 4 1 1 1 - - 14 Kanherwadi 10 - 5 5 - - 2 1 - 1 - - 15 Yetgaon 10 2 6 2 - - 6 2 - 2 - - Total 170 9 75 80 7 2 44 20 3 27 3 3

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 202 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

8. Cultural resilience The cultural vulnerability is observed in most of the modern societies. With growth of economic provisioning the vulnerability goes up. But the villages covered under survey protect the resilience level at the higher level. Even after the growth it will be maintained by the villages. Every village is having a temple. Rituals are regularly conducted in such villages. People worship the God and Goddesses. The cultural vulnerability index is very less in the villages. No family has expressed its modernity and abused the traditional worships.

Cultural resilience: least vulnerable or increasing resilience

Figure 3-28 Cultural Resilience Vulnerability 9. Impact of theProject The Yashwant Sugar is located in a grape area. However, the availability of sugarcane under-surpasses the crushing capacity of the unit. The crushing capacity goes under utilised due to shortage of sugarcane. The unit has to struggle for the supply of sugarcane. The transport cost of the sugarcane may go high as compared to other sugar factories, since the cane is to be imported from long distances. The Cane Development Office of the sugar factory should plan for the sufficient supply of sugarcane by adopting new techniques of cane cultivation, promoting drip irrigation, by using new cane varieties, by training the farmers. The competitive crop is grape. So, its management thought that it would be advantageous to improve the living conditions of people in and around the plant site by reinstituting and expanding the sugar unit and its byproducts. It will therefore, generate employment of resources and the persons in the local area. In turn local people can avoid uncertainty of job, raise their living standard, do supplementary jobs and other farming, cattle, poultry, food processing unit etc. Thus, to stabilize and prosper in life this will surely be a positive impact on the livelihood of the people living around thesite.

3.10.12. Advantages anddisadvantages 3.10.12.1. Economicadvantages Almost all families have a positive response to the re-installation of the project. Since it brings industrial growth with development in infrastructure and employment levels in the region, the per capita income is likely to grow largely with employment opportunities. Employment and the general facilities grow with the expansion of the sugar factories. The business outlook also changes. Other social infrastructure will also go up (see Table 3-50).

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 203 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 3-53 Classification of the Responses in the Advantages of the Project

Sr.No. Advantage of the Project Frequency Percent 1 Employment increases 170 100 2 Economic facilities increases 170 100 3 Trade and Business increases 170 100 4 Turnover of money in the villages 170 5 Other facilities increases 170 100 6 Micro enterprises and self-employment increases 170 100 Total 170 100.00

3.10.12.2. Disadvantage ofPollution Any industry renders some pollution and waste, which needs to be minimized through remedial systems. More than 89% of families know that the pollution increases through industrial enterprises. More than 45% families have responded that water pollution would be the major source of pollution. But people also know that it could be reduced through alternative measures. Villagers also know the recycling of the waste water mainly for agricultural purpose. Air pollution can also increase with the industrial project. Of the total families 30% families have responded to air pollution and 23% to noise pollution. But there are various measures to reduce them. People know about the modern tools and techniques of reducing the pollutions.

3.10.13. Willingness to accept Willingness to accept the hazards and willingness to pay for the distress caused by expansion of the industry is one of the best contingent method of assessing the SIA and EIA. People prefer development at the cost of distress caused by pollutions. However, if the proper and perfect techniques are applied to remove or to reduce the disasters, it would be further more acceptable to the people. The reinstallation with expansion of the crushing capacity is much needed aspect of the region. It has local as well as individual benefits. So people are willing to accept the expansion. The general infrastructure in the region and roads grows with the industrial reinstallation with expansion. Its rate of returns to the society is higher. Infrastructural development further provides general incentives for growth of the region. It has a long term impact on the region. Business and other social facilities have the great scope to develop due to the reinstallation with expansion (see Table 3-53).

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 204 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 3-54 Classification of the Responses for willingness to accept Sr.No Advantage of the Project Frequency Percent 1 Migration will decline to zero 170 100 2 Economic provisioning will grow 170 100 3 Other sources of income will increase 170 100 4 Turnover of money in the villages will go up 170 100 5 Self-employment will increases 170 100 6 Cultural resilience to improve 170 100 7 Others social impact 170 100

The rural-urban migration will be reduced through this reinstallation project. Infrastructural development obviously helps to grow the transport modes and communication means in the region. Almost 100% of the families were in the positive response of growing transport facilities in the villages.

Willingness To Pay Willingness To Accept

1. People are willing to pay for the expansion by 1. People are willing to accept for the expansion by way of; way of; 2. Increasing modern irrigation sources like; drip 2. Road traffic disturbances. This can be avoided by and sprinkling and micro irrigation schemes the Govt Departments through road expansion and (Cooperative Lift irrigation Schemes). Sugar creating traffic awareness programmes. factory can initiate such activities through Cane Development Office. 3. Increasing area under sugarcane 3. Pollution caused by factory expansion and distillery, which can be eliminated through modern tools and techniques. 4. By using high yielding cane varieties like; Co- 4. Other social disturbances, application of social 86032, VSI-8005, Co-100001, VSI-12121, Co-671 capital techniques will be useful to the societal etc. The VSI, Manjari near Pune is very near to the people. factory site (250 KMs). 5. By using the organic and micro fertilizers (bio- 5. Sanitation and drainage in the rural areas. The fertilizers). Training facilities are to be provided problem can be solved through Govt Departments by the Sugar factory. by insisting comply the needs. 6. By adopting low cost and high yielding agricultural techniques, like precision agriculture, variable fertilizer application techniques.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 205 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

7. Following better agricultural practices, rather than mono-crop culture. 8. Use of bio-pesticides and bio-insecticides.

The economic provisioning in the villages will grow with the project. Small enterprising activities in the villages will grow due to the project in the area. Self and wage employment provides an opportunity to implement the inclusive grow model. Inclusiveness also increases with this reinstallation project, which brings out the elimination of the poverty in the region. People will not feel excluded. The rate of return on such incidences remains higher than the development of the developed one.

3.10.14. Expectations from the factory The growth needs to be adjusted with the hazards. Various tools and techniques can be employed to reduce or to minimize the hazards. People have positive expectations from the project. The classification of the opinion poll indicates that employment and the industrial activities will grow and provide jobs in the region.

People were in urge of road development, medical aids, education and safe drinking water facilities in the villages, which the project enterprises are interested to fetch needs. Besides, people were assured of what can be grown in the region. Most prominent predictions of the villagers was growth of hotel industry, retail shopping, cloth shops, vegetable marketing, poultry and milk development and employment in transport activities. These are likely to grow with the project.

Table 3-55Classification of Expectations from the Sugar Factory

Sr.No. Expectations from the Project Frequency 1 Employment should be provided to the local youths 105 2 Remunerative and regular payments of sugarcane prices 108 3 Social capital should increase through the project 109 4 Health facilities should grow 145 5 Education facilities should grow 109 6 Training facilities of farming community should grow 112 7 Overheads activities 155 8 Factory should not stop its functioning 170 9 The management should pay remunerative cane prices 170 10 Local employment should increase 170 11 Reduce the pollution 112

The schooling facility is one of the least required demands of the families. Reinstallation with expansion of sugar, distilleries and co-gen will not need the any schooling facility to grow. All families were in access of the schools, hence; need not worry about this facility. People also know that the medical and health facilities should increase with reinstallation with expansion of the project. Covid 19 needsto worry about the health facilities in the region. All families have placed their expectations in thisconcern.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 206 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

The tradeoff between advantages and the disadvantages have to be obtained through proper policy initiatives and their effective implementations. The villagers were predicted to grow business avenues in the villages. The wage and self-employment are an immense opportunity to the villagers to grow their standard of living. When money enters in to the village economy, ultimately the standard of living increases with provision of various business avenues in the villages. Around Rs 500 to 600 Cr.of cane bill will be pumped in the village economy if the sugar factory uses its full capacity.

3.10.15. What can grow? What can be grown in the villages was responded by 156 families. Mostly people are interested to make investment in bike vehicles, milk animals and poultry and trading activities, shops and retailing etc., which will grow in the villages around the project site. An urge of development, the villagers deserve, depends on their short and long term needs. They need good roads, employment, educational needs and drinking water facilities. People will get opportunities to increase additional sources of income through allied activities. Dairy, animal husbandry, transport means and modes, grocery shops, welding and repairs, agro-services and repairs, poultry, hotels, stationery and flour mills will grow in the respective village localities. This provides self-employment to women in the villages. Out of 170 responses; more than 50% respondents have told that dairy will grow, which in turn makes the non-creditworthy personsto creditworthy.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 207 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

3.10.16. Conclusions The project has a positive response from the public. The willingness to pay and the willingness to accept the project has positive an outcome. The ratio between this is around 1: 10.It means the benefits are ten times greater than the loss. The losses due to the polluting agents are proposed to be diluted through various methods. The wastes and the pollutions can be reducing with some measures as suggested in the report. The social and cultural vulnerability index responds a very less and level of resilience is at the higher side. The sustained high growth rates and poverty reduction, however, can be realized only when the sources of growth are expanding, and an increasing share of the labour force is included in the growth process in an efficient way. From a static point of view, growth associated with progressive distributional changes will have a greater impact in reducing poverty than growth which leaves distribution unchanged. This is in fact expresses the inclusive growth of theregion.

References:

1. DSE, GoM (2015), Socio-Economic Survey Report of Sangli District, Department of Statistics 2. and Economic Bureau, GoM. 3. GoM (2011), Census Report of Sangli District. 4. Jugale V. B. (2015), Irrigation Water Pricing, Serials Publications, New Delhi. 5. Jugale V. B. (2005), Soil Salinity in Sangli and Kolhapur District, Department of Economics, 6. Shivaji University Journal, Vol. 19, 1990. 7. Directorate of Census Operations Maharashtra, (2011), District Census Handbook Sangli, 8. Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract (PCA), Series-28, Part Xii-B 9. https://mahades.maharashtra.gov.in/files/publication/dsa_sangli_2014.pdf 10. Jugale V B (2011), Comprehensive Agricultural Development Plan, prepared for the Department 11. of Agriculture, Sangli GOM 12. Govt. of India, MSME – Development Institute Ministry of MSME, Brief Industrial Profile of 13. Sangli District, Kurla Andheri Road.Saki Naka, Mumbai 400 072. 14. Maharashtra Industrial Policy 2019 https://www.aipma.net/Industry- Update/Maharashtra%20Industrial%20Policy%20Draft%20Modified%20on%2002.03.2019.pdf 15. Centre for Science and Environment (2017), Social Impact Assessment (SIA) and Social Impact Management Plan (SIMP): An Indicative Structure, New Delhi. 16. Red Ochre, (2011) Social Impact Assessment: Tool Kit 17. Bhattacherjee, Anol, (2012) "Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices". Textbooks Collection. Book 3. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/oa_textbooks/3

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 208 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 4.1. Introduction Prediction of impacts is the most important component in the Environmental Impact Assessment studies. Several scientific techniques and methodologies are available to predict impacts of developmental activities on physical, ecological and socio-economic environments. Such predictions are superimposed over the baseline (pre-project) status of environmental quality to derive the ultimate (post-project) scenario of environmental conditions. The prediction of impacts helps to minimize the adverse impacts on environmental quality during pre-and post-project execution.

Generally, the environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary impacts are those, which are attributed directly by the project and secondary impacts are those, which are indirectly induced and typically include the associated investment and changed patterns of social and economic activities by the proposed actions.

4.2. Impact and Mitigation Measures During construction phase Approx. 360 nos. of labours shall be employed during installation phase for the project which includes installing new machinery and units of the plant. Table 4-1 Anticipated environment impacts during construction phase

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 209 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

During operational phase The project proponent to expand sugar crushing capacity from 2500 TCD to 8000 TCD, establishing 110 KLPD disttilery unit and 40 MW co-generation power plant at Village Nagewadi. The features of the project and its management for environmental protection measures have been detailed in earlier chapter. The various impacts arising from the above-mentioned activities are described below:

4.2.1. Impact on Land Environment Table 4-2 Land use patter of the industry Total Area in % of Total Sr. No. Description Ha Area 1 Total Built-Up Area 2.05 5.61 2 Green Belt Area 13.4 36.66 3 Area Under Utility 3.77 10.32 4 Parking Area 5.59 15.29 5 Area Under Road 3.75 10.26 6 Open Space Area 7.99 21.86 Total Plot Area 36.55 100 Table 4-3 Anticipated impact and corresponding mitigation measure proposed for impact on land environment.

Impacts Mitigation Measures Impact on land-use due to Existing area is adequate for expansion. No additional burden construction/ expansion. on land requirement, as seen in Table 4-2. 4.2.2. Impact on Soil Impact on soil owing to the installation activity at site would include physical and chemical degradation and pollution of soil. Primary nutrient profile of the project site is given in chapter-3 shows that soil is medium to high in fertility. Adding bio-fertilizer to enrich Nitrogen, Phosphorous & Potassium and micro nutrients and enhance the fertility of soil. Several environment management measures will be implemented to minimize soil erosion and other impacts such as removal and use of top soil from construction activity for plantation, and construction of silt traps etc. A planned and properly designed plantation scheme and green belt development along with landscaping will minimize the impacts on soil.

Table 4-4 Anticipated impact and proposed mitigation measure on the Soil Environment due to operation of proposed project

Impacts Mitigation measures Procedures for maintenance of equipment and storage and disposal facilities of hazardous waste and chemicals would ensure that this risk is minimized and clean-up response is rapid if any spill occurs. Contamination of soil (spillages The tankers, drums etc., would be ISO approved and as per the of oils, hazardous waste etc) specifications of internationally approved vendor so as to minimize any spillage of Hazardous waste. Therefore there would be no impact on soil after this precaution is ensured.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 210 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Impacts Mitigation measures Paved areas at the boundary will be developed with permeable Deposition of silt and sand with paving & impermeable surfaces are laid in the factory area and all storm water collection. runoff is passed through a catch pit to storm water Harvesting pit, to recharge Ground water. Installation of drainage ditches, Runoff and retention ponds, Erosion of soil minimize disturbances and scarification of the surface is being done. 4.2.3. Impact on Air Environment Table 4-5 Anticipated impact and proposed mitigation measure on the Air Environment due to operation of proposed project

Sr.No. Impacts Effects Mitigation Measures Respiratory Diseases, A stack height of 80 meters and ESP as an APC 1 PM Damage to property and equipment shall be provided to reduce PM crops. concentration. Bagasse is used as a fuel in boilers. The sulfur content in bagasse is 0.02% which is negligible. Cause Acid Rain, In case of shortage of bagasse coal shall be used Damage to property and as fuel for distillery boiler.The sulfur content in 2 SO Respiratory system of 2 coal is 0.6%. human being Damage The stack height as per the CPCB criteria i.e 80 vegetation. meters will be provided and is adequate for the dispersion of SO2. Formation of smog, Fuel switching, Formation of Ozone, Fuel Gas recirculation, 3 NOx Formation of Acid rain, Low NOx Burners, Respiration diseases Selective catalytic Reduction. Table 4-6 Anticipated impact and proposed mitigation measure on the Air Environment due to D.G. Sets

Sr. No. Impacts Effects Mitigation Measures Provide stack height of 6.0 m 1 PM Respiratory Diseases. above roof level Respiratory Diseases formation of Selection of proper fuel, CO, HC, 2 Secondary pollutants, corrosion of improvements in combustion NOx, SO 2 Equipment. efficiency. Noise Standards provide personal Impairing, Hearing, Fatigue related 3 Noise equipment to workers, enclosures Health issues. to DG sets silencer pads etc.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 211 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

4.2.4. Impact on Water Environment Table 4-7 Impact and mitigation analysis for the proposed unit

Impacts Mitigation Measures Runoff from the site leading to off-site contamination During the installation period, runoff from site shall not be allowed (Particularly during rainy to stand (abground water logging) or enter into the roadside or season). Disposal of domestic nearby drains. wastewater from temporary labor restrooms. Depletion of ground water. No abstraction of Ground water. - Domestic effluent of 80KLD shall be treated in STP. The treated effluent shall be used for gardening. -Wastewater generated from Sugar & co-gen division shall be 988 KLD out off which sugar effluent - 303KLD, co-gen effluent-120 KLD and spray pond effluent- 565 KLD. This effluent shall be treated in existing sugar ETP after modification. Treated effluent will be used for gardening. -Spentwash generated from proposed 110 KLPD distillery shall be as follow Sr. No. Description Quantity 1. Based on ―C‖ molasses Concentrated spentwash 176 Spentlees 220 Other dilute effluent 85 OR Impact on surface & ground 2. Based on ―B‖ heavy molasses water quality due to improper Concentrated spentwash 110 disposal of waste water. Spentlees 220 Other dilute effluent 85 OR 3. Based on ―Sugarcane Juice/Syrup Concentrated spentwash 114 Spentlees 143 Other dilute effluent 95 OR 4. Based on ―Grains‖ Process and diluted 798 wastewater Other diluted effluent 160 Spentwash shall be treated using concentration and drying to form potash rich manure. Dilute effluents- spentlees, cooling make up wastewater, boiler blow down, fermenter washing and DM plant wastewater etc. shall be treated in proposed CPU and recycle back for cooling towers and

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 212 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Impacts Mitigation Measures process water. –Adopt Clean technologies as per Comprehensive Industry Document on Sugar Industry (COINDS), Control pH by biological means. - Cool the water and reuse. - Adopt dry-cleaning methods and collect the leakages, spillages and reprocess, the effluent. - Provide a separate storage pond and add in a controlled manner to ETP, to avoid shock loading. Table 4-8 Impact on water environment due to ETP

Sr.No. Impacts Effects Mitigation Measures Can destroy Biological Activity and 1 pH Correct pH by Neutralization cause sludge bulking Characterize the Input BOD High BOD depletes DO in aeration concentration and take necessary steps. 2 BOD tanks and reduces of BOD removal The factory shall be constructing an efficiency. equalization tank. Install Mechanical Oil separators and 3 Oil & Grease Reduces oxygen transfer capacity. minimize use of oils for lubrication/Mechanical seals. MLSS F/M ratios shall get altered resulting Increase/Reduce the Recirculation 4 concentration in poor efficiency. Ratio of sludge to maintain F/M Ratio. High TDS stream shall not be High TDS could affect ETP 5 TDS permitted into ETP. Monitor the performance. streams regulate. BOD: N: P of 100:5:1 is essential Nitrogen & Add DNP to maintain Nutrients 6 for Biological growth and Phosphates availability. Multiplication. 4.2.5. Impact Due to Solid Waste Table 4-9 Impact and mitigation analysis for the proposed unit in respect of solid waste management

Impacts Mitigation Measures Sr. Description Mode of Collection and Quantity No. of waste Disposal 1. Paper waste 0.01 MT/M Manually collected and stored in a designated area 2. Plastic waste 0.01 MT/M Solid waste (Non- and sold to scrap vendors Hazardous) 3. Municipal Solid waste Non- Manually collected and 3 MT/M Biodegradable sold to scrap vendors

Bio- 5 MT/M Used as manure. degradable

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 213 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Impacts Mitigation Measures

Sr. Description Mode of Collection and Quantity No. of waste Disposal Bagasse as fuel for both the boilers 1*200 TPH Boilers- Fly/ Boiler 666 MT/M Ash generated shall be 1. Ash 30 TPH Boiler- 96 used as brick MT/M manufacturering within 1*200 TPH Boilers factory premices or mixed – 166.5 MT/M with pressmud and sold as 2 Bottom Ash 30 TPH Boiler- 24 manure MT/M. Coal as fuel for 30 TPH Distillery Boiler Fly/ Boiler Ash generated shall be 482.4 MT/M Ash used as brick manufacturering within factory premices or mixed Bottom Ash 120.6 MT/M with pressmud and sold as manure 3. ETP Sludge 300 MT/A ETP Sludge and Pressmud 4. Pressmud 320 MT/D shall be sold as manure.

The only hazardous waste generated is spent oil of quantity is 1.01 KL Hazardous solid waste /annum, which shall be collected in Leak Proof Containers and utilized as lubricant for bullock carts 4.2.6. Impact on Noise Environment Table 4-10 Anticipated impacts and mitigation measures for the noise environment for the proposed project

Impacts Mitigation Measures The vehicles shall be maintained properly by installing the gadgets and also using good quality fuel and tuning the vehicles at regular intervals and not permitting more than 15 Incremental generation of noise during years old vehicles to operate for carrying the materials. movement of vehicles carrying Some amount of noise will be generated from vehicular materials and loading & unloading movement in the installation/construction and operational activities. phase & will be within permissible limit. Green belt developed at the periphery of the project site will act as barrier to noise. Noise generating units like machinery area, canteen etc. are Noise Generation during the operation well insulated with enclosed doors. Earmuffs are being used of DG sets, Boiler and Other while in high noise areas. Separate cabins are provided. Same machineries shall be followed for machines & equipment for expansion also.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 214 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

4.2.7. Impact on Biological Environment The impact assessment was done taking into consideration direction, magnitude, duration, spatial influence and probability of occurrence of the impacts.

Magnitude Duration Spatial Influence Probability of Occurrence 10 Very High 5 Permanent 5 Regional 5 Definite 4 Long term (impact ceases after 8 High 4 - 5 km radius 4 High closure of activity) 6 Moderate 3 Medium term (3 to 10 years) 3 - 1km radius 3 Medium 4 Low 2 Short term (up to 3 years) 2 - 0.2 km radius 2 Low 2 Minor 1 Transient 1 Only project area 1 Improbable 1 None 0 None

SP>65 Indicates High Significance SP>25-65 Indicates Moderate Significance SP<25 Indicates Low Significance Significance Points: (Magnitude + Duration + Scale) x probability 4.2.7.1. Impact Matrix Spatial Significance Potential Impacts Magnitude Duration Probability Total Influence Points Loss of vegetation 2 1 1 2 8 Low Loss of habitat 1 1 1 1 3 Low Forest area 1 1 1 1 3 Low Approach Road 2 1 2 1 5 Low Aquatic Ecosystem 1 1 1 1 3 Low According to the Impact Matrix, no potential impacts are identified on vegetation and aquatic ecosystem.

4.2.7.2. Discussion  The satellite imagery of the project site and its surroundings show large agricultural lands with very little to no forest cover in the region. The herb diversity was studied around the roads in the buffer area.  The type of floral and faunal species recorded on-site was of the common type adapted for life around human habitation.  Shannon Weiner Diversity Index of the buffer zone was 0.656 for herbs while in core zone was 0.662.  The higher diversity of herbs in the core zone was mainly due to very little activity in the factory premises for the past few years allowing good growth of herbs and small seasonal vegetation during favourable conditions.  The floral species recorded in the study area were mainly of the common type.  The fauna recorded on site were mainly those that are adapted to life around human settlements and around the lagoon created on site for waste treatment  The plankton diversity in the water body present in the buffer area was mainly pollution indicators for organic pollutants and showed existing pollution in the riverine ecosystem.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 215 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

4.2.7.3. Conclusion  The existing biodiversity in the study area was observed to be very low mainly due to the semi-rural and agrarian setting of the location. The project does notinvolve any clearance of trees as the project is expansion/establishment of existing facility and well connected to major and minor roads.  This being an expansion of the existing facility there are already existing measures for treatment of wastes generated from the facility along with effective recycling practices.  During project implementation, monitoring of the existing biodiversity and its improvement or degradation with respect to project activities should be monitored periodically.  Proper sanitary conditions should be provided to all workers working within the premises to avoid open defecation as it poses not only a health hazard but can also allow unwanted weeds to grow within the premises. The staff and workers should also be educated and sensitized about the same.  The efficiency of the waste treatment facilities should also be periodically with proper maintenance of records for auditability. Also the recycled water being supplied for agriculture should be checked for its pathogenic activity.  The project activities should be carried out only after considering all possible secondary and tertiary impacts on the environment and mitigation measures should be incorporated such as to reduce any possibility of impact on the existing environment. 4.2.7.4. Mitigation Measures There are no sensitive, historical, forest reserves and wildlife sanctuaries etc within 10 Km radius of the factory site.

Therefore, there would not be any adverse impact on biological environment. The ecology and biodiversity studies indicate that there are no adverse impact on flora and fauna as per baseline data collected.

4.2.8. Impact on Socio-economic Aspects The Yashwant Sugar and Power Private Ltd., is located in a grape area. However, the availability of sugarcane surpasses the crushing capacity of the unit. In fact the crushing goes even more than the established capacity sometimes. So, its management thought that it would be advantageous to improve the living conditions of people in and around the plant site by expanding the unit. It will therefore, generate employment of resources and the persons in the local area. In turn local people can avoid uncertainty of job, raise their living standard, do supplementary jobs and other farming, cattle, poultry, food processing unit etc., thus, to stabilize and prosper in life. This will surely be a positive impact on the livelihood of the people living around the site.

4.2.8.1. Expectations from the factory The growth needs to be adjusted with the hazards. Various tools and techniques can be employed to reduce or to minimize the hazards. People have positive expectations from the project. The classification of the opinion poll indicates that employment and the industrial activities will grow and provide jobs in the region.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 216 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

can be grown in the region. Most prominent predictions of the villagers was growth of hotel industry, retail shopping, cloth shops, vegetable marketing, poultry and milk development and employment in transport activities. These are likely to grow with the project.

Table 4-11 Classification of Expectations from the Sugar Factory Sr. No Expectations from the Project Frequency 1 Employment should be provided to the local youths 105 2 Remunerative and regular payments of sugarcane prices 108 3 Social capital should increase through the project 109 4 Health facilities should grow 145 5 Education facilities should grow 109 6 Training facilities of farming community should grow 112 7 Overheads activities 155 8 Factory should not stop its functioning 170 9 The management should pay remunerative cane prices 170 10 Local employment should increase 170

The schooling facility is one of the least required demands of the families. Reinstallation with expansion will not need the any schooling facility to grow. All families were in access of the schools, hence; need not worry about this facility. People also know that the medical and health facilities should increase with reinstallation with expansion of the project. Covid 19 needsto worry about the health facilities in the region. All families have placed their expectations in thisconcern.

The tradeoff between advantages and the disadvantages have to be obtained through proper policy initiatives and their effective implementations. The villagers were predicted to grow business avenues in the villages. The wage and self-employment are an immense opportunity to the villagers to grow their standard of living. When money enters in to the village economy, ultimately the standard of living increases with provision of various business avenues in the villages. Around Rs 500 to 600 crores of cane bill will be pumped in the village economy.

4.2.8.2. What can grow? What can be grown in the villages was responded by 156 families. Mostly people are interested to make investment in hoteling, milk and poultry activities, shops and retailing etc. which will grow in the villages around the project site. An urge of development, the villagers deserve, depends on their short and long term needs of the villagers. They need good roads, employment, educational needs and drinking water facilities. People will get opportunities to increase additional sources of income. Dairy, animal husbandry, transport means and modes, grocery shops, welding and repairs, agro-services, poultry, hotels, stationery and flour mills will grow in the respective village localities. This provides self-employment to women in the villages. Out of 170 responses; more than 50% respondents have told that dairy will grow, which in turn makes the non-creditworthy persons to creditworthy.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 217 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

4.2.8.3. Conclusions The project has a positive response from the public. The willingness to pay and the willingness to accept the project has positive outcome. The ratio between this is around 1: 10 it means the benefits are ten times greater than the loss. The losses due to the polluting agents are proposed to be diluted through various methods. The wastes and the pollutions can be reducing with some measures as suggested in the report. The social and cultural vulnerability index responds a very less and level of resilience is at the higher side. The sustained high growth rates and poverty reduction, however, can be realized only when the sources of growth are expanding, and an increasing share of the labour force is included in the growth process in an efficient way. From a static point of view, growth associated with progressive distributional changes will have a greater impact in reducing poverty than growth which leaves distribution unchanged. This is in fact expresses the inclusive growth of theregion.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 218 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE (TECHNOLOGY & SITE) 5.1. Analysis of alternative site Yashwant Sugar and Power Private Limited (YSPPL) is a registered company in the state of Maharashtra under the Companies Act, 1956 on 19th June 2012 Vide Registration Number U15422PN2012PTC143740. YSPPL has existing sugar factory of 2500 TCD. The command area is rich in sugarcane cultivation and has excellent irrigation facilities. Also the other location features are

In view of the above positive features of the existing site no alternative site is considered.

5.2. Analysis of alternative technology It is proposed to adopt anaerobic digestion followed by concentration in MEE followed by drying in in order to make the valuable by-product from spentwash treatment.

For sugar unit the expansion may be incorporated in existing sugar mill by providing additional, Milling Tandem. At present the industry taken steam from existing 2*17.5 TPH low pressure boilers. It is proposed to demolish the existing low pressure boilers and add 1*200 TPH boiler and 1*30 TPH boiler for distillery in order to reduce the bagassesand steam requirement for the process. It is proposed to establish 40MW bagasse based co-generation power plant which will fulfill the power and stem requirement of proposed unit and exess power will be supplied to the state electricity grids.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 219 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

6. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 6.1. Introduction: Environmental monitoring Program is an essential tool for sustainable development. An environmental monitoring Program provides a delivery mechanism to address the adverse environmental impacts of a project during its execution, to enhance project benefits, and to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project works. An environmental monitoring program is important as it provides useful information and helps to:

 Assist in detecting the development of any unwanted environmental situation, and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures.  Monitoring & tracking the effectiveness of Environment Management Plan & implementation of mitigation measures planned.  Define the responsibilities of the project proponents, contractors and environmental monitors and provides means of effective communication among them regarding the environmental issues.  Define monitoring mechanism and identify monitoring parameters and frequency of monitoring.  Evaluate the performance and effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed in the Environment Management Plan (EMP) and suggest improvements in management plan, if any.  Identify training requirement at various levels.  Identification of any significant adverse transformation in environmental condition to Plan additional mitigation measures 6.1.1. Environmental policy  Comply with relevant laws and regulations as well as any additional measures to maintain sustainable environment.  Adopt a systematic approach of EMP for continual improvement.  Prevent pollution and recycle, reuse and reduce wastes.  Minimize emission by using clean fuels.  Conserve resources by efficient operation and processes.  Develop green belt in and around plant area to absorb green house gases.  Create awareness to employees to avoid spillages, wastages and also general public for clean and healthy environment.  Safety and health of employees is the prime and utmost priority of the Management.  The waste minimization would reduce the capital as well as recurring expenditure on ETP and also disposal of treated effluent. 6.1.2. Organizational commitment The Management commits to achieve the regulatory standards beyond specified consent conditions by adopting modern technologies of waste management and recycle and reuse of treated waste water. The Management commits socio-economic development of the command area by establishing Schools, infrastructure facilities such as roads, drinking water and health centers etc. as a part of Corporate Social Responsibility.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 220 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

6.1.3. Environmental impact assessment As the base line data is already established, the industry shall evaluate the positive and negative impacts after the expansion and establishment of new projects from time to time and incorporate the necessary mitigation measures to maintain the sustainable environment by carrying out regular monitoring and upgradingthe technology wherever found nessesary.

6.2. Objectives and targets Table 6-1 Objectives and target completion Sr. Date of Responsible Object Target Supervisor No. completion agency Water To achieve irrigation / stream Along with the Management Consultant / 1. pollution standards/ recycle as process commissioning /Consultant/ Management Control water of the plant. Contractor To achieve the concentration of pollutants bellow source emission standards Management Air Pollution 1. PM < 150 mg/Nm3 /Consultant/ Management/ 2. -do- Control 2. SOx < 80 mg/Nm3 Equipment Consultant 3. NOx< 80 mg/Nm3 Manufacture and maintain the ambient air quality as per NAAQ standards Management/ Continuously As per environmental clearance Management Regulatory Environmental during the 3 conditions/ consent to operate /Third party agency/ Quality operation of conditions. evaluation. Third party the industry. evaluation. Management/ To achieve noise level standards During Regulatory by incorporating acoustic constructional 4 Noise control Management agency/ measures, silencer pads and & operational Third party enclosures etc phase. evaluation. To treat water to make it fit for Domestic gardening/green belt Along with the 5 waste development by adopting commissioning Management Management Management appropriate treatment of the plant technologies such as STP Study the changes of flora & Creation of Ecology & fauna within the factory base line data Management/ 6 Management Biodiversity premises well as in the study & periodical Consultant area. evaluation Green belt development as per Being 7 Green Belt Management Management the CPCB guidelines implemented 8 Rain water Cover all the structures/ open With the Management Management

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 221 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Sr. Date of Responsible Object Target Supervisor No. completion agency Harvesting area for collection/ storage & establishment recharge. of industry Periodically Occupational To achieve the safety of the after Management 9 Health & employees and avoid the Management commissioning Safety accidents to 100%. of the project 6.3. Environmental management cell pattern and reporting The industry shall establish environmental management cell consisting of a qualified Environmental Engineer supported by Environmental Chemist. The organizational structure of environmental cell is as below.

Figure 6-1 Hierachal structure of the organization for reporting

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 222 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

6.4. Monitoring points/locations and components Environmental monitoring plan is decided by considering the environmental impact likely to occur due to operation of the project as the main scope of monitoring program is to track regularly and assess the changes in the environmental condition and to take timely action to protect the environment.

6.5. Post project monitoring parameters and frequency Table 6-2Parameters and frequency for post project environmental monitoring

FREQUENCY OF Sr.No. ITEM PARAMETERS LOCATION MONITORING 5 Locations Ambient Air 1 @ Upwind and 2@ quality at downwind directions appropriate 24 hourly, 1. PM , PM , SO andNO from stack @ 1200 to location for PM , 10 2.5 2, x Quarterly 10 each other PM , 2.5 Near entry and exit SO andNO , 2, x gates Stationary Emission from 1 DG set Stack, 2. PM, SO , NOx Monthly Stack 2 2 Boiler Stack

PM, SO2, NOx Water quality parameters as Drinking water Water Monthly per 10500:2012 locations 3. Waste water pH, BOD, COD, TSS, Flow, quality (treated and Monthly ETP inlet and Outlet TDS etc. Untreated) 6 Locations Day and Night levels Upwind and Quarterly or as 4. Noise Equivalent noise level- dB downwind directions often as required (A) Near boilers and near main gate and ETP. pH, Cation Exchange Soil (Qualitative 1 near Greenbelt Capacity, Total Nitrogen, and quantitative 1 near ETP Phosphorous, Potassium, Quarterly or as 5. testing/analysis to Composite sample moisture, Permeability, often as required check the soil shall be taken at each Conductivity, Texture & fertility,) location structure, Organic carbon Solid waste generation 6. Manual record keeping To be updated daily monitoring / Record Keeping Greenbelt and Type of species shall be 7 Six Monthly plantation decided based on soil

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 223 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

FREQUENCY OF Sr.No. ITEM PARAMETERS LOCATION MONITORING monitoring &climatic conditions. The number of trees would be 1500 per hectare, however; the number of trees would vary depending on the type of soil Maintain the data of raw materials consumption, steam consumption, vehicle Carbon and Water frequency for transport of 8 foot Print Daily and Monthly raw materials, effluent Monitoring generation, air emissions, hazardous waste generation, and raw material recovery 6.6. Documentation Records of Environment Clearance, Consent to Operate, Air Quality, Solid Waste Disposal and wastewater treatment plant operations, water quality and all the EC conditions shall be maintained, Environmental Statement Form – V, Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989, compliance reports and uploaded in the Company website. It is suggested to publish the environmental quality in and around the factory in local newspapers.

6.7. Laboratory facilities The industry shall establish laboratory facilities to carry Air, Noise, Soil, Water and Wastewater analysis. The important lists of equipment are given, as guidance. The Environment cell shall use these facilities to monitor the treatment plant efficiency and also the effect of treated effluent on land and ground and surface water quality. Similarly, the stack emissions, ambient air quality & Noise levels are to be monitored regularly. The instruments are to be calibrated as per the specifications and in any case at least once in a year.

6.8. Training It is suggested to send the staff regularly for training to educational, R&D institutes, Pollution Control Boards - Centers of excellence. They shall be also deputed to workshops and seminars. The usefulness and implementation of the training shall be reviewed by the top management. In order to understand legislation and recent development in the field, the management has been advised to purchase all the publications of the CPCB and subscribe to journals.

6.9. Operational and emergency plan The factory shall prepare a Disaster Management Plan and organize regular meetings of the workers to exchange the ideas on the procedures to be followed to maintain clean and healthy environment to avoid

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 224 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

fire and accidents. The mock drills are to be organized regularly. A safety officer shall be appointed with supporting staff.

6.10. Waste minimization options The industry shall adopt various options for waste minimization by proper in plant control measures, good housekeeping practices and process modifications etc.

6.11. Water recycling The water recycling approach shall be the major loop to conserve water.

6.12. Interlocking the process with ETP performance and air emissions Even though it is advisable to stop the operations if there are upset conditions in ETP or APC performance, it is suggested to find alternative approaches such as diverting the effluent into panic ponds or ―Compost plant‖. In case of failure of APC, the ground level concentrations do not increase beyond 1500 meter from the stack and thus may not have much adverse impact on the Habitation of town Vita However, the workers shall be advised to use masks instead of installing stand by APC equipment.

6.13. EMP Budget of industry The costs involved in environmental monitoring and management to mitigate the adverse effects will be put on account for the proposed project. The capital cost for the EMP will be Rs. 3400Lakhs. And recurring cost will be Rs. 275Lakhs. The detailed EMP budget is given in table below

Table 6-3 EMP Budget of industry CAPITAL RECURRING Sr. COMPONENT PARTICULARS INVESTMENT INVESTMENT No. (IN LAKHS) (IN LAKHS) Construction of new common stack for 1. Air 700 60 boilers and ESP  Upgradation of ETP  Sugar and distillery CPU 2. Water 2570 150  MEE & Drier for Distillery Spentwash treatment Acoustic enclosures, Silencer pads, ear 3. Noise 20 5 plugs etc Quarterly Environment Monitoring (Per Year) PM , PM , SO , Ambient air 10 2.5 2 monitoring NOx Environment 4. monitoring and -- 20 Management Boiler & DG TPM, SO , NOx Set Monitoring 2 Effluent pH, COD, BOD, (Treated TSS, TDS, Oil & &Untreated) Grease 5. Occupational Glares, Breathing Masks, Gloves, Boots, 20 5

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 225 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

CAPITAL RECURRING Sr. COMPONENT PARTICULARS INVESTMENT INVESTMENT No. (IN LAKHS) (IN LAKHS) Health Helmets, Ear Plugs etc. & annual health- medical checkup of workers, Occupational Health (training, OH center) Green belt development activity 10 6. Greenbelt Maintenance of green belt -- 5 Solid Waste 7. Solid Waste Management 60 20 Management Rain water 8. Rain water harvesting 20 5 harvesting Maintain the data of raw materials consumption, steam consumption, Carbon and vehicle frequency for transport of raw 9. Water Foot -- 5 materials, effluent generation, air Print emissions, hazardous waste generation, and raw material recovery TOTAL COST (INR, LAKHS) 3400 275 6.14. References  Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, (2012), 22nd Edition, APHA. AWWA-WPCF  Manual on Water and Wastewater analysis,(1988) BY NEERI, Nagpur - 440020  Water and Wastewater Testing 1985 By – R.P. Mathur 2nd Edition, Nemchand, and brothers- Roorkee-247667  Microbiology for Sanitary Engineers, 1962 by ROSE, E. McKinney- McGraw Hill Book Company, Inc. New York  Wastewater Engineering Treatment Disposal Reuse, 1979, By –Metcalf and Eddy Inc. 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd; New Delhi  Instrumental Methods of Analysis, By Dr. D. K. Sharma, Goel Publishing House Meerut.  Chemistry and Unit operations in Sewage treatment by D. Barnes & D. Wilson. Applied Science Publisher.  Textbook of Water supply and Sanitary Engineering 1971 by S.K. Husen, Oxford & TBH publishing Company, New Delhi.  Water and Wastewater Technology by Mark J. Hammer, Willey and Sons Publishing.  Environmental Impact Assessment Handbook, (1980) BY- G. J. Rau and C.D. Wooten, McGraw Hill Book Company Inc. New York.  Water and Wastewater Engineering BY Fair, Geyer, Ocum, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd; New Delhi  Chemistry for Environmental Engineering by C.N. Sawyer, McCarty  Air Pollution, Its Origin and Control (1981) by Keenth Wark and Cecil F. Warner, Harper and Row Publishers New Delhi.  Air Pollution Volume I, II, III, IV (1968), by A.C. Stern, Academic Press New York

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 226 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

 Air Pollution and Industry (1972) R.D. Rosean, Nostrand Reinhod and Co-New York  Noise Control Handbook of Principles and Practices BY Davis M. Liscomli and Arthur C. Tayler Jr. Van Nostrand Reinhold and Co. New York.  Oil Chemical analysis (1967) By M. L. Jackson, Prentice Hall of India, Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.  Chemistry of Soil (1969) BY Firman E. Bear. Oxford and IBH Publishing Company New Delhi.  Methods of Analysis (1955) by Association of Official Agricultural Chemists Washington 4, C.D.  Commercial Methods of Analysis (1972) By F. D. Snell. F.M. Biffen. D.B. Taraporewala Sons & Company (P) Ltd; Mumbai.  Pollution Control Acts, Rules and Notifications Issued There under the Central Pollution Control Board. (Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India) September 2001, Parivesh Bhavan, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi-110032. List of Journals in the field of Environment  ―Journal of the Institute of Public Health Engineers, India‖, Secretary General Institute of Public Health Engineers India. 1 Garstin Place, Calcutta, 700 001  ―Journal of Indian Association for Environmental Management Indian Association for Environmental Management‖, NEERI, P.O. Nagpur -440020  Indian Journal of Environmental Health, Director, NEERI, Nagpur- 440 020  Scavanger Society for clean Environment, Garden Resort, 606 Sion -Trombey Rd. Chembur, Bombay- 400071  Asian Environment. P.O. Box. -90 MCC Makati, Philippines.  Down to Earth – Centre for Science and Environment. 41, Tughlakabad Institutional Area New Delhi. 110062

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 227 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES

Additional studies like review of social impact and public consultation were undertaken. Apart from the public consultation, major portion is dedicated to the study of hazard identification and risk assessment. It also covers the requirement for onsite and offsite disaster (natural and manmade) preparedness plan including emergency management plan.

7.1. Social Impact Assessment Studies (SIA) Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R & R) and Social Impact Assessment (SIA) studies has not found any relevance for the proposed project site as there would not be any temporary or permanent displacement of the personnel or goods as the proposed project will be located on unoccupied open land. At present no agricultural cultivation of the crops is being taken on the proposed land. Hence, no R & R and SIA studies or plan were undertaken for the particular site. The nearest residential settlement is at Nagewadi 1.62 km (N-W), Rawtale vasti 1.84 km (S-E), Salshinge 4.50 km (N-E) and Nevari 5.84 km (S-W) from the site. Proposed project activity will not cause any negative impacts on the environment and on the society as it will increase the direct and indirect job opportunities along with indirect work to the local people residing in the area. There will be some development of secondary service market near the site which will be beneficial to the local economy.

7.2. Hazard identification In practical terms, hazard identification is a thorough look at the workplace and processes to identify those things, situations, processes that may cause harm, particularly to the working force and nearby population. After identification of the potential hazards, one has to evaluate it potential to cause harm and then decide what type of control measures shall be taken to control it from the happening. Hazard identification is very important tool as it is integral part of a good occupational health and safety management plan. The aim of the hazard identification process is to reduce level of risk by taking precautions or initiating control during project execution.

The various hazard analysis techniques that may be applied are Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) studies, Fault – Tree Analysis (FTA), event –tree analysis and failure and effects mode analysis.

7.2.1. Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment (HIRA) The purpose of a Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) is to understand what risks or threats to public safety, property or the environment exist.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 228 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Figure 7-1 Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment (HIRA) process 7.2.1.1. Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) Process:  Identification of hazards  Analyze or evaluate the risk associated with the hazards  Determine appropriate ways to eliminate or control the hazards  Evaluate the likelihood of an injury or illness occurring, and its severity  Review of all available health and safety information about the hazard including MSDS, manufacturer‘s literature, information from organizations and results of testing  Identify actions necessary to eliminate or control the risk  Monitoring to confirm the risk is controlled  Keep any documentation or records that may be necessary. Documentation may include detailing the process used to assess the risk, outlining any evaluations, or detailing how conclusions were made. 7.2.2. Identification Hazard Details of major anticipated risks from the Hazards is given in below

Table 7-1 Hazards of the proposed plant

Sr. No. Name Description Severity Hazard Molasses Major Exposure Bagasse Major -- Exposure & Transportation of Yeast, urea Minor 1 inhalation raw material Sulphuric acid, Di-ammonium Exposure & Phosphate, Anti-foam reagent, Major inhalation Caustic soda Storage of Molasses Molasses, RS/ENA/Technical 2 Products and Major Explosive , Fire Alcohol, fusel oil byproducts Manufacturing Fermentation Major Fire 3 process Distillation Unit Major Heat & Fire

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 229 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Sr. No. Name Description Severity Hazard Power Plant Major Heat & Fire 4 Utilities D.G set, Boiler, Turbine Major Electrocution Leakages from the vessels, 5 Other accidents Catastrophic rupture of pressure Major Exposure & Fire vessels and Storage Tanks 7.3. Risk assessment The project involves expansion of sugarcane crushing capacity from 2500 TCD to 8000 TCD and establishment of 40 MW Co-generation power plant and 110 KLPD Distilleryto produce rectified spirit/extra neutral alcohol/ethanol based on―C‖/―B‖ heavy molasses/sugarcane juice/syrup/grain There are no thickly populated villages in the surrounding 10Km area. There are no sensitive places like Hospitals, schools within three kilometers. The factory has been identified as a major hazard installation for manufacturing, storage and handling of Ethyl Alcohol in excess of the threshold quantity (1000 MT) assigned for a highly flammable liquid in accordance with the manufacture, storage and import of Hazardous Chemical Rules (MSIHC), 1989 by the Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India. Manufacture and storage of such a large quantity of hazardous chemicals has potential to cause a ―Major Accident‖. The term major accident has been defined under MSIHC rules asunder: An occurrence such as a major emission, fire or explosion involving one or more hazardous chemicals and resulting in uncontrolled developments in the course of industrial activity leading to serious effects both inside or outside the installation, likely to cause substantial loss of life or property including adverse effect on health and on the environment. It is mandatory for a major hazards installation to prepare the ―Risk Analysis Report‖ along with a Emergency Plan in order to control and mitigate the effects of a major accident. Risk and consequence analysis thus becomes an integral part of emergency planning which enables in assessment of nature and magnitude of emergency situations. The emergency plans both onsite and offsite are required to be based on the nature and magnitude of an emergency, arising from a major accident scenario. The risk analysis is undertaken with the objective of prevention and control of occurrence of major accident in aplant. 7.3.1. Objectives of the Study The present study was undertaken with the objective:

 To identify the potential hazardous chemicals in the installation which have potential to cause majoraccidents  To conduct preliminary study to identify the potential hazardous chemicals in the installation which have potential to cause major accidents.  To conduct preliminary hazards analysis of the hazardousinstallations.  To identify Maximum Credible Loss Scenario (MCLS) involving majoraccidents.  To assess the damages due to the consequential effects of the identifiedMCLS.  To carry out the fire hazard potential of the ethyl alcohol storage installation by DOW FIRE AND EXPLOSIONINDEX.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 230 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

 To suggest hazard control measures where ever necessary.  By using HAZOP analysis, the team identified the following areas of detailed investigation:  Rupture of hose pipe / pipe of tank /truck.  Weld breakage / rupture of pipeline connected to storage tank.  Break open of flange connected to storage tank.  Heavy leakages in storagetanks.  Overfilling of storagetanks. Risk analysis deals with the identification and quantification of risks, the plant equivalent and personnel are exposed to, due to accidents resulting from the hazards present in the factory. Risk classification is given in following Table 7.2

Table 7-2 Risk classification and score table

7.3.2. Potential risk and mitigation measures for during construction phase Existing factory has maintained the risk associated with the operational component. Following are the general risk assessment and mitigation measures associate with proposed project operation. Risk impact and mitigation measures during construction phase are shown in Table 7.3

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 231 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 7-3 Risk impact and rating matrix during construction phase Sr. Associated Risk Proposed mitigation & control Activity Health impact No. Hazards rating measures  Providing PPEs to workers Vehicular Physical injury,  Appointing the qualified persons movement, 1 Site Leveling and organ M for the particular job. Insect/snake damage  Speed limit control bite  Providing Training Loading  Providing PPEs toworkers 2 andUnloadin Accidents Physical Injury M  Training to workers g of material  Work Permit System will be Falling followed. objectsor  Excavated material will be objects nearan Property Loss 3 Excavation M stacked safely. excavation.Slip Physical injury  Area will be barricaded s, trips, and  Training to workers falls  PPEs will be provided  Work Permit System will be Structure may followed. Physical Injury fall down  Height work permit will be issued Physically 4 Construction Workers may H to the person. handicapped fall down from  Safety belt will be provided to Property Loss the height. workers  Training to workers  Standards Work Procedure Fire or  Training will be provided explosion Physical Injury  Proper PPEs will be provided. Cutting and 5 Electric shock Burn Injury H  Regular monitoring of electrical Welding from electrical Property loss equipment‘s to avoid loose welding connection  Area will be barricaded  Only authorized person will Installation operate the machine Structure may Property loss 6 of M  Appropriate platform will be collapse Physical Injury Machineries. designed as per the load bearing calculation. 7.3.3. Potential risk and mitigation measures during operation phase 7.3.3.1. Boiler Operation The potential risk and its mitigation measures for Boiler operation is given in Table 7.4

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 232 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 7-4 Risk impact and rating matrix for boiler operation

Sr. Associated Risk Proposed mitigation & control Activity Health impact No. Hazards Rating measures Working Noise induced 1 High noise M Required PPEs need to be used near Boiler hearing loss  PPEs  Regular monitoring for checking Boiler Mechanical Physically leakages 2 M maintenance hazard injury  Individual vigilance and proper training to worker for proper handling  Provision of First aid box  Required PPEs  Good housekeeping  Regular monitoring of the storage High Risk of severe facility 3 Pressure Explosive injury, damage H  Flammable chemicals stored away Steam to equipment from the source of ignition  Firefighting facility Provision of First aid Box Asphyxiation  Online CO monitors Regular Incomplete Possible 4 from carbon H checking of Workplace Combustion fatality monoxide  Individual alertness and precaution Slips, Maintenance  PPEs 5 Tripsand Physical injury M work  Individual alertness and precaution Falls  PPEs Electrical Electric shock,  Regular checking and maintenance 6 maintenance Electricity H Possible burns of electrical units work  Provision of first aid box  PPEs will be provided  Work will be carried out under proper supervision. Maintenance Severe physical 7 Burn injury M  Individual alertness and precaution of burner injury or burn is important  Follow of SOPs  Provision of first aid box

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 233 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

7.3.3.2. Risk during Electrical Transformer Table 7-5 Risk during electrical transformer

Sr. Associated Risk Proposed mitigation & control Activity Health impact No. Hazards rating measures  Cut off power supply Electrical  Treat the injured for electrical Severe Physical Transformer- Fire, shock, shock If fire is caused, 1 injury or burn, H Electrical shock burn immediately fight fire with Death and fire available resources, summoning outside help if necessary 7.3.3.3. Risk during D.G. set operation Table 7-6 Risk impact and rating matrix for D.G. set operation

Sr. Associated Risk Proposed mitigation & control Activity Health impact No. Hazards rating measures Working Noise induced  Use of PPEs 1 High noise M near DG hearing loss  Acoustic enclosure  Use of PPEs Burns, Serious 2 Maintenance Fire H  Restricted entry injury  Use of flame proof fittings  PPEs will be provided  First aid box  Regular monitoring to check Risk of severe the leakage and spillage 3 HSD storage Leakage/Fire physical injury H  storage facility and burn  Storage will be away from ignition source  Fire fighting facility will be provided  PPEs  First aid box at approachable DG set Mechanical place 4 Physical injury M maintenance Hazard  Leakage and heat in the joint will be checked before maintenance

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 234 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

7.3.4. Preliminary Hazard Analysis – 7.3.4.1. Hazard & associated risk of storage and handling of raw material Impact matrix for risk associated with storage and handling of material is given in Table 7.7. Various material and its storage/capacity details are given Table 7.9.

Table 7-7 Impact matrix of storage and handling of raw material

Sr. Associated Risk Proposed mitigation & control Activity Health impact No. Hazards rating measures  Provision of Eye wash  Inspection and regular monitoring of storage area  Training to Workers for proper handling Storage, Physical Injury,  PPEs will be provided as Nose handling, Exposure, burn, Eye mask, Hand gloves. 1 loading & leakage, Fire, irritation and H  Proper system for loading Unloading of Explosion respiratory operation to prevents spillage material problem  Provision of level indicators for storage Tanks  Spill kit for Acid and other chemicals  Proper ventilation  First Aid boxes  Fire fighting facility Fire,  Training to Driver Burns, Serious 2 Transportation Accident, H  MSDS injury leakage  TREM Card  First Aid Box 7.3.4.2. Hazard & associated risk of molasses storage tank Molasses can ferment if excessive moisture contamination is allowed. Fermentation can yield carbon dioxide with possible traces of ethanol or volatile fatty acids (e.g. acetic, propionic, lactic, or butyric) and if exposed to a spark or flame may result in an explosion. Fermentation may also occur in dilute surface layers formed by condensation from the headspace above the liquid.

7.3.4.3. Ethyl AlcoholStorage Ethyl alcohol is produced by the fermentation, as the byproduct of molasses obtained from sugar manufacture. The ethyl alcohol produced by the fermentation is further distilled to obtain spirit which is called rectified spirit. The distilled alcohol is also used in the production of Indian made Foreign Liquor (IMFL). The production of ethyl alcohol is 35,000 Liters/day where in the neutralized silent used for IMFL is 10,000 liters/day.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 235 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

The distilled ethyl alcohol is stored in 9 cylindrical storage tanks, above ground with their capacity ranging from 120 MT to 365 MT. The total storage capacity is about 1200 MT. The storage tanks are located in a shed which is enclosed on three sides with opening in above the height of 5 m. One entrance door has been provided. There is provision of drainage channel at the bottom and separated isolation system valves. The storage tank farm is not provided with the bund. The tanker loading operation is done through a batch tank having capacity of 1 MT. Two batch tanks are used alternatively for filling / loading the tankers. The Batch Tanks are filled by an electrically driven pump and the road tankers filled from batch tanks by gravity flow through a hose pipe of 50 mm diameter. The capacity of the road tankers ranges between 8 to 25 MT. The largest size road tanker usually has five isolated compartments of the same size. 7.3.4.3.1. Maximum Credible Accident Analysis Maximum Credible Accident Analysis (MCA Analysis) is one of methodologies evolved to identify worst credible accident with maximum damage distance, which is still believed to be probable. The analysis does not include quantification of probability. The following is an attempt in that direction.

Hazardous substance may be released as a result of failures or catastrophes, causing damage to the surrounding area. The physical effects resulting from the release of hazardous substances can be calculated by means of models. The results thus obtained through modeling are used to exposed population and environment.

The probable fire hazard in the Plant is in the area of ethanol storage and handling. It is proposed to store about 30 days productionof all the products within a common dyke of 40 x 55 m. As a worst case it is assumed that the entire contents are leaked out. In the event of spilling its contents through a small leakage or due to rupture of the pipeline connecting the tank and on ignition fire will eventuate forming pool fire. In order to assess the radiation levels, Heat Radiation Model has been used; the algorithm of the models is based on the formulae published in the yellow book by the TNO, Netherlands. Details of the model are given below:

7.3.4.3.2. Heat Radiation Model – Pool Fire The heat load on objects outside the burning pool of liquid can be calculated with the heat radiation model. This model uses average radiation intensity, which is dependent on the liquid. Account is also taken of the diameter to height ratio of the fire, which depends on the burning liquid. In addition, the heat load is also influences by the following factors Distance from the fire

The relative humidity of the air (water vapor has a relatively high heat absorbing capacity)

Visualization and Simulation of Maximum Accidental Scenarios

The worst-case scenario, which is considered for MCA analysis, is Pool fire due to failure of storage of Alcohol storage tanks in the farm area.

PURTI will provide 30 days storage of the final product within the plant premises

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 236 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

As a worst case it is assumed that the entire contents are leaked out. In the event of spilling its contents through a small leakage or due to rupture of the pipeline connecting the tank and on ignition fire will eventuate forming pool fire. As the tanks are provided within the dyke the fire will be confined within the dyke wall Fires affect surroundings primarily through radiated heat, which is emitted. If the level of heat radiation is sufficiently high, other objects, which are inflammable, can be ignited. In addition, any living organism may be burned by heat radiation. The damage caused by heat radiation can be calculated from the dose of radiation received, a measure of dose is the energy per unit area of surface exposed to radiation over the duration of exposure. 7.3.4.3.3. Effects of Pool Fire Pool fire may result when bulk storage tanks will leak/burst, and the material released is ignited. As these tanks are provided with dyke walls to contain the leak and avoid spreading of flammable material, the pool fire will be confined to the dyke area only. However, the effect of radiation may be felt to larger area depending upon the size of the pool and quantity of material involved.

Thermal radiation due to pool fire may cause various degrees of burns on human bodies. Moreover, their effects on objects like piping, equipment are severe depending upon the intensity. The heat radiation intensities due to the pool fire of the above tank farms are computed using the pool fire model. The results obtained are presented in the following table

The following table indicates likely damage level for different levels of heat radiation. Damage Criteria for Heat Radiation

Incident Radiation Type of Damage Intensity (kW/ m2 ) 37.5 Sufficient to cause damage to process equipment Minimum energy required to ignite wood at infinitely long exposure (non 25 piloted) Minimum energy required for piloted ignition of wood, melting plastic 12.5 tubing etc. Sufficient to cause pain to personnel if unable to reach cover within 20 4.5 seconds; however blistering of skin (1st degree burns) is likely 1.6 Will cause no discomfort to long exposure 0.7 Equivalent to solar radiation

Critical Radiations of Interest on Human Body

1 Un protected skin continuous 1.5 kW/m2 2 Blisters in skin at 30 sec 5 kW/m2 3 Protected skin 5 kW/m2 4 Special Protection 8 kW/m2

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 237 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

For continuous presence of persons, thermal radiation intensity levels of 4.5 kW/m2 for plant operators for outside population are usually assumed. These criteria are followed where peak load conditions may occur for a short time but mostly without warning. If the operators are properly trained and clothed, they are expected to run to shelter very quickly. For the secondary fires, a thermal incident radiation of 12.5 kW/m2 is adopted as minimum criteria.

Consequences in respect of containment failure related to ethanol storage tank, is a modeled assuming relevant atmospheric condition, using certain mathematical models presented in Scenarios.

7.3.4.3.4. Consequence Analysis of Ethanol due to StorageFacility. Scenario of Ethanol in different forms

SITE DATA:

Location: YASHWANT SUGAR & POWER PVT., INDIA

Building Air Exchanges Per Hour: 0.59 (unsheltered single storied)

Time: October 17, 2020 15.13 hours ST (using computer's clock)

CHEMICAL DATA:

Chemical Name: ETHANOL

CAS Number: 64-17-5 Molecular Weight: 46.07 g/mol

ERPG-1: 1800 ppm ERPG-2: 3300 ppm ERPG-3: N/A

IDLH: 3300 ppm LEL: 33000 ppm UEL: 190000 ppm

Ambient Boiling Point: 77.7° C

Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 0.088 atm

Ambient Saturation Concentration: 89,952 ppm or 9.00%

ATMOSPHERIC DATA: (MANUAL INPUT OF DATA)

Wind: 3 meters/second from 269° true at 10 meters

Ground Roughness: open country Cloud Cover: 5 tenths

Air Temperature: 27° C Stability Class: C

No Inversion Height Relative Humidity: 50%

SOURCE STRENGTH:

Leak from hole in vertical cylindrical tank

Flammable chemical escaping from tank (not burning)

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 238 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Tank Diameter: 16 meters Tank Length: 15 meters

Tank Volume: 3,016 cubic meters

Tank contains liquid Internal Temperature: 27° C

Chemical Mass in Tank: 1955 tons Tank is 75% full

Circular Opening Diameter: 2 inches

Opening is 10 centimeters from tank bottom

Ground Type: Concrete

Ground Temperature: equal to ambient

Max Puddle Diameter: Unknown

Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour

Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 39.7 kilograms/min

( averaged over a minute or more)

Total Amount Released: 1,500 kilograms

Note: The chemical escaped as a liquid and formed an evaporating puddle.

The puddle spread to a diameter of 36 meters.

SCENARIO: When Tank containing an unpressurised flammable liquid

1. Type of Tank Failure: Leaking tank, chemical is not burning and forms an evaporatingpuddle.

Potential hazards from flammable chemical which is not burning as it leaks from tank.

 Downwind toxiceffects  Vapour cloud flashfire  Over pressure (blast force) from vapour cloudexplosion When,

Flammable chemical escaping from tank chemical is NOT on fire Choose Hazard to Analyze: Toxic Area of Vapour Cloud

THREAT ZONE:

Model Run: Gaussian

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 239 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Red : no recommended LOC value --- (N/A = ERPG-3)

Orange: 18 meters --- (3300 ppm = ERPG-2)

Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness

make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.

Yellow: 24 meters --- (1800 ppm = ERPG-1)

Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness

make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.

When,

Flammable chemical escaping from tank chemical is NOT on fire Choose Hazard to Analyze: Flammable Area of Vapour Cloud

Local areas of flame can occur even though the average concentration is below the LEL. Model finds the flammable area by using 60% of LEL.

THREAT ZONE:

Threat Modeled: Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud

Model Run: Gaussian

Red : 18 meters --- (19800 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame Pockets)

Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness

make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.

Yellow: 25 meters --- (3300 ppm = 10% LEL)

Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness

make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.

When,

Flammable chemical escaping from tank chemical is NOT on fire Choose Hazard to Analyze: Blast Area of Vapour Cloud Explosion

THREAT ZONE:

Threat Modeled: Overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion

Type of Ignition: ignited by spark or flame

Level of Congestion: congested

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 240 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Model Run: Gaussian

No explosion: no part of the cloud is above the LEL at any time

2. Type of Tank Failure: Leaking tank, chemical is burning and forms a pool fire Potential hazards from chemical which is burning as it leaks from tank:

 Thermal radiation from poolfire  BLEVE (if heat rises the internal tank temperature and causes the tank tofail) Downwind toxic effects of firebyproducts

SOURCE STRENGTH:

Leak from hole in vertical cylindrical tank

Flammable chemical is burning as it escapes from tank

Tank Diameter: 16 meters Tank Length: 15 meters

Tank Volume: 3,016 cubic meters

Tank contains liquid Internal Temperature: 27° C

Chemical Mass in Tank: 1,955 tons Tank is 75% full

Circular Opening Diameter: 2 inches

Opening is 10 centimeters from tank bottom

Max Puddle Diameter: Unknown

Max Flame Length: 8 meters

Burn Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour

Max Burn Rate: 93.5 kilograms/min

Total Amount Burned: 5,404 kilograms

Note: The chemical escaped as a liquid and formed a burning puddle.

The puddle spread to a diameter of 8.5 meters.

THREAT ZONE:

Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire

Red : 13 meters --- (10.0 kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60 sec)

Orange: 16 meters --- (5.0 kW/(sq m) = 2nd degree burns within 60 sec)

Yellow: 23 meters --- (2.0 kW/(sq m) = pain within 60 sec)

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 241 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 242 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

3. Type of Tank Failure: BLEVE tank explodes and chemical burns in afireball

Potential hazards from BLEVE:

 Thermal radiation from fireball and poolfire  Hazards fragments and blast force from explosion  Downwind toxic effects of fireby-products

BLEVE/Fire ball Scenario: The higher the internal tank pressure/temperature at the time of tank failure, the larger the fire ball. Any liquid not consumed by the fire ball will form a pool fire.

SOURCE STRENGTH:

BLEVE of flammable liquid in vertical cylindrical tank

Tank Diameter: 16 meters Tank Length: 15 meters

Tank Volume: 3,016 cubic meters

Tank contains liquid

Internal Storage Temperature: 27° C

Chemical Mass in Tank: 1,955 tons Tank is 75% full

Percentage of Tank Mass in Fireball: 100%

Fireball Diameter: 702 meters Burn Duration: 33 seconds

THREAT ZONE:

Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from fireball

Red : 1.1 kilometers --- (10.0 kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60 sec)

Orange: 1.6 kilometers --- (5.0 kW/(sq m) = 2nd degree burns within 60 sec)

Yellow: 2.5 kilometers --- (2.0 kW/(sq m) = pain within 60 sec)

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 243 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 244 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Conclusions Scenario 1 When ethanol is leaking from tank and is NOT burning, forms an evaporating puddle; the threat zone for the Ethanol tank not recommended the LOC value as per the maximum Emergency Response Planning Guidelines ERPG-3 which predicts severe impact on health. Hence the Red colored level of concern is not recommended. Similarly, the remaining threat zones ERPG-2 and ERPG-1 are subjected to within the unit at 18 and 24 meters with lower concentrations 3300 ppm and 1800 ppm respectively Scenario –2 When ethanol is leaking from tank and is burning forms a pool fire; The thermal radiation for the Ethanol tank confined to the maximum at 13 meters only that means the thermal radiation intensity of 10kW/m2 is potentially lethal within 60 seconds. Hence the Red colored level of concern is within plant premisesonly.Similarly,the other threat zone of 5.0 kW/m2 causes 2nd degree burns within 60 seconds at 16 m and the rest is 2.0 kW/m2 subjected to within the unit at 23 m which causes pain within 60 seconds. Scenario-3 When tank explodes and ethanol in a fireball due to BLEVE; The thermal radiation for the Ethanol tank confined to the maximum at 1 km that means the thermal radiation intensity of 10kW/m2 is potentially lethal within 60 seconds. Similarly, the other threat zone of 5.0 kW/m2 causes 2nd degree burns within 60 seconds at 1.6 km and the rest is 2.0 kW/m2 subjected to within the unit at 2.5 km, which causes pain within 60 seconds Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPGs) ERPGs estimate the concentrations at which most people will begin to experience health effects if they are exposed to a hazardous airborne chemical for 1 hour. (Sensitive members of the public—such as old, sick, or very young people—aren't covered by these guidelines and they may experience adverse effects at concentrations below the ERPG values.) A chemical may have up to three ERPG values, each of which corresponds to a specific tier of health effects. The three ERPG tiers are defined as follows: ERPG-3 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing or developing life- threatening healtheffects. ERPG-2 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms which could impair an individual's ability to take protectiveaction. ERPG-1 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing other than mild transient health effects or perceiving a clearly defined, objectionableodor. 7.4. Safety measures recommendation 7.4.1. Storage and material handling area  Proper ventilation shall beprovided  Area will be marked as ―No smokingZone‖

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 245 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

 Use of properPPEs  Pressure relief valves shall beprovided  Provision of Safety valves and rupturedisk  Provision of fire hydrant system along with other portable fire extinguishers  Adequate distance between the storage Tanks  Provision of dyke wall to the Tanks  Proper earthling to the Tanks 7.4.2. Reactor Safety  Provision will be made for temperature & pressureindicators  Heating & cooling Jacket will be provided to maintain thetemperature  Pressure switch with shooter shall beprovided  Pressure safety valve will beprovided  Double earthling shall beprovided 7.4.3. DG Sets  Acoustic enclosures to beprovided  Entry near the unit shall berestricted  Qualified and highly trained engineers shall beappointed 7.4.4. Boiler  Work permit system will be evolved and will be followed during maintenancework  Proper ventilation shall bemaintained  Entry shall be allowed only after proper checking of gases, ifany  Worker should be trainedproperly  Working should be under supervision of qualified and trainedpersonnel 7.4.5. Storage and Handling of Alcohol  Keeping away from oxidizers, heat andflames.  Avoidance of plastics, rubber and coatings in the storagearea.  Cool, dry, and ventilated storage and closedcontainers.  Leakage should be washed out anddiluted.  Regular monitoring and maintenance to avoidleakages.  If major leakage in tanks can be mitigated by transferring the material to othertank.  Grounding of the container and transferring of equipment to eliminate static electricsparks. In case of any emergency following measures would betaken:  First Aid Measures  Use of extinguishing media surrounding the fire as water, dry chemicals (BC or ABC powder), sand, dolomite, etc.  Foam system for fire fighting will be provided to control fire from the alcohol storage tank. The foam thus produced will suppress fire by separating the fuel from the air (oxygen), and hence avoiding the fire and explosion to occur in the tank. Foam would blanket the fuel surface

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 246 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

smothering the fire. The fuel will also be cooled by the water content of the foam. The foam blanket suppresses the release of flammable vapours that a mix with the air.  Special Fire Fighting Procedures; Keeping the fire upwind. Shutting down of all possible sources of ignition, keeping of run-off water out of sewers and water sources. Avoidance of water in straight hose stream which will scatter and spread fire. Use of spray or fog nozzles will be promoted, cool containers will be exposed to flames with water from the side until well after the fire is out. 7.4.6. Molasses storage  Store in good quality ventilated and leak-proof tanks (mild steel, stainless steel, polyethylene, PVC) at ambient temperatures, out ofmoisture.  Continuous mixing of molasses should bedone.  If there is increase in temperature beyond 300C external cooling of tanks should be provided. A temperature recorder should be provided to thetanks.  Avoid microbiological contamination or dilution withwater.  Regular monitoring and maintenance to avoidleakages 7.4.7. Building & workspace  Adequate space will be provided for equipment repair orremoval  Equipment maintenance shops will be set up with appropriate safety provisions for hazards associated with maintenanceactivities  Lightning protection will beprovided 7.4.8. Electric items  Medium and high voltage cables will be completelyenclosed  Electrical equipment will be groundedadequately  Wiring will be properly insulated, grounded, andnon-exposed  Emergency shutoff switch, clearly labelled, at all machinery units will beprovided  DG set will be provided as stand by source ofpower  Maintenance tools with insulated handles will beprovided 7.4.9. Fire The fire protection system is to provide for early detection, alarm, containment and suppression of fires. The complete fire protection system will comprise of the following. Fire hydrant network will be provided for firefighting in the entire project area along with following firefighting equipment will beprovided

 Different type of Fire Extinguishers, Detectors and fire Alarm shall be provided.  Fire hydrant system  Fire Tender with chemicals foam and required arrangement for firefighting to control the fire from the alcoholstorage  Foam system shall be contain aqueous film forming compound of 3 to 6% alcohol resistance foam concentrated with ISI mark4889  Water storage Tank exclusively for firefightingoperation

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 247 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

 Rubber mat will be used near panelarea  Periodicaltrainingtotheidentified supervisorsandEmployeesinthefieldofFirefightingand safety  Emergency exits at specific locations and will be marked on thelayout  Cautionary note, safety posters, stickers will be displayed at appropriatelocations  First Aid boxes will be made available at appropriate locations  Emergency Control Center Provision shall be made to establish an Emergency Control Centre (ECC) from which emergency operations are directed and coordinated. This center is activated as soon as on–site emergency is declared. ECC is equipped with adequate communication systems in the form of telephones (Emergency telephone numbers.) and other equipment‘s to allow unhampered organizations and other nearby facilitypersonnel. 7.4.10. Occupational health hazard and safety measures During operation handling of chemicals and other material used, a practice of preventive maintenance shall be adopted to take care of employee‘s health. The various safety equipment such as breathing apparatus, gum boots, goggles and helmets will be provided to the workers/operators. Besides, all the first aid, firefighting devices will also be inspected, tested and maintained periodically so that it is available in ready to use condition. Provision of pre-medical and periodical health check-up for all the employees shall be implemented and record maintained. If any abnormality is noticed due to occupational exposure, necessary Treatment will be assured from qualified physician. Following measures shall be implemented to avoid the occupational hazards to the employees:

 Regular housekeeping of the entire plant area  Regular or preventive maintenance of floor, platforms, staircases and passages to avoid the slipincident  Provision of obstruction free walkways andworkplace  Periodical training to the employees for the proper operation of the plant and various processes  Restricted entry into the plantpremises  Checking and calibration of all Instruments and Fire Devices to keep them in proper operatingconditions  Installation of Electrical devises as per the prescribedstandards  Provision of D.G. Sets to avoid the complication during powerfailure  Provision of required fire Extinguishers at different locations for easyaccess  Provision of lightingArrester  Various types of PPEs like breathing apparatus, ear muffs, earplug, masks, leather hand gloves; asbestos hand gloves; acid/alkali proof rubber hand gloves; electrical resistance hand gloves and gum boots, goggles and helmets will be madeavailable.  Provision of First aid Boxes and periodical checking for required medicine and other material to take care of superficial bodily injuries duringwork 7.5. Disaster Management Plan (DMP) A disaster is an unforeseen combination of circumstances that causes serious body injuries, loss of life or extensive damage to the plant, Machineries or to the environment. Existing factory has prepared a details Disaster management plan, following is the generalize disaster management plan recommended for proposed project.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 248 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Following uncontrollable situation may lead to disaster or plant emergency

7.5.1. Manmade  Plantfailure  Rupture or damage of the line, vessel orTank  Excessive leakage of flammable material 7.5.2. Natural  Cyclone  Earthquacke  Flood  Fire  Terrorist attack Disaster management plan is a written document where all the details regarding the causes of disaster are noted along with required control measures. It also gives details about the responsible personnel shall be available on site during emergency and their role to control the disaster to a minimum level or from spreading the outside to protect the plant and machinery including employees and nearby areas. The DMP to tackle the emergency can be divided into the two parts for the ease of operation and to effectively control the emergencies within shortest possible time.

Figure 7-2 Disaster management process 7.5.3. Onsite Emergency Plan If an accident/incident takes place and its effects are confined only, then it is termed as an onsite emergency. It involves employees and other infrastructure within the organization. In this plan, the company officers and employees are given pre-decided responsibilities to handle the emergency. All other required resources to tackle this type of emergency are available. The individual employee or designated

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 249 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

persons will be held responsible to take or initiate appropriate action when required. All the employees/responsible persons required to take or initiate the action at the time of emergency are trained appropriately so that they can perform their task without any difficulty. To make the handling of emergencies absolutely perfect, mock drills need to be conducted periodically for a particular scenario. During mock drills, particular scenario is simulated to understand the gravity and requirements of action. During the mock drills, all the important points or happenings are noted and discussed to find out the lacunae or for the further improvement in the written plan.

7.5.4. Offsite Emergency Plan If the accident or incident occurred in the premises, man will need help from outside sources because of magnitude of emergency then it termed as Offsite Emergency. This offsite emergency cannot be controlled only by using the internal resources and need timely help from the outside companies or from the government authorities to tackle such type of emergencies to avoid the loss of property, human health or environment in and around the premises. An offsite emergency management plan involves government bodies as well as nearby industries for necessary help and to control theemergency.

7.5.5. Objectives of disaster management  To control the incident or accidents from thehappening  To eliminate the emergencies ifpossible  Prepare for the emergencyhandling  To see whether required activities are performed in right order by the individuals ornot  To find out the required changes for co-ordinatedactivities  To reduce the time of activities to control theemergencies  To minimize the effects of the incident on person, property andenvironment  Continuousimprovement 7.5.6. Onsite Emergency Preparedness Plan Main elements of on-site Emergency Preparedness Plans are:

 Leadership and emergency management cell  Defined role and responsibilities of the key personnel  Emergency actions to be executed by the Members of theCommittee  Protective and rescueequipment  Medical care Unit  Training and periodicreview  PeriodicalMockdrills,itsmonitoringandanalysistofindouttheshortcomingforthe improvement  List of available firefighting equipment, its maintenance andrecords  Training to the committee members and feedback on requirements ifany  Line ofcommand  Requirement of Siren and alarm system  Writtendocument  List of available resources with theCompany  List of resources available from outside during theemergency

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 250 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

 Important phone numbers ofauthorities 7.5.6.1. Disaster Management Cell Disaster Management Cell (DMC) consisting of authorized head that will be responsible for the handling of emergency situations. All the details of team members will be available at the site; their contact details will be displayed in the plant and will be informed to other employees. DMC will make the employees to understand and aware about the hazards and associated risks that may give rise to an emergency situation at the plant. DMC will train and inform the employees regarding their role and responsibilities during emergency and dos and don‘ts. Following team of personnel will be required to fulfill their responsibilities to tackle the emergency. TEAM A The distillery In-charge/Occupier along with manager of each section will be responsible for handling of any kind of emergency in the factory. They will inform the concern employees or authorities about the emergency situation and action that need to be initiated. They will take initiative in directing the action of the people. TEAM B After knowing the emergency situation, in-charge of individual section / department will communicate with In-charge (Disaster Main Controller) for any specific instruction and then he will guide other employees of the section to leave the workplace after taking safe shut down. They will be asked to assemble at Assembly point upwind of the Factory. After reaching the assembly points they should watch the activities undertaken by the Team A and wait for further instruction if any form the Manager. The Manager / Supervisor will act as an Incident Controller at his Section or the Emergency location and need to wait for further instruction from Disaster Main Controller TEAM C The maintenance In-charge and other maintenance head from each department such as Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Instrumentation and Civil Engineering along with Safety and Fire will form this Team who will actually fight the situation to control the emergency. All the required equipment and firefighting accessories will be available to their disposal. They will have all safety appliances in their custody/use and they will act to minimize effect of incidence. They will keep informing the progress to DMC and for want of any help. After the emergency is under control, they will inform the DMC and DMC will inform all other Teams involved that emergency is under control. The DMC shall appraise the situation and if found Ok, he will inform control room to declare all clear sound / siren so that employees can resume the duties. TEAM D This Team is mainly concern with the security and outside news and will take the instruction from the DMC. It will consist of security department and welfare officer who will be available at the office with all necessary records including names of Team Members and other required help from outside. They will have the list of people along with their addresses and telephone numbers. They will keep the records of important offices of the Government authorities such as Directorate of Industrial Safety and Health, Boiler Inspector of factory, Commissioner of Police, local Police station, Fire Brigade, company Doctors, private Doctors and other important contact which will be helpful during and after the emergency. All required facilities shall be made available at a particular location in the Factory for emergency use. All the personnel involved in emergency shall proceed or will be brought to the factory. Based on the information gathered and provided by the incident controller of a particular section where there is

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 251 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

emergency, if required emergency shall be declared by the DMC by giving instruction to Team D to sound the a particular Siren. After listening to the sound of Siren, concern person will understand the type and of emergency and will come prepared at the site of incident. During emergency and as per the information received by the DMC from IC, the Team members from the Rescue team shall look out for the casualties if any on the site and will provided necessary help. The required medical and other help shall be provided based on the requirement and assessment of the gravity of the situation. The team will also carry out the head count if required and as per the instruction of DMC or the Occupier. Further, the detail shall be provided to outside agencies by the nominated authorized person from the Factory to avoid the mismatch of the situation so that right message goes to the media. During emergency, care shall be taken to avoid the panic situation within and outside the factory premises or in the general public. 7.5.6.2. Key Personnel The actions necessary in an emergency will clearly depend upon the prevailing circumstances. Nevertheless, it is imperative that the required actions are initiated and directed by nominated people, each having specified responsibilities as part of co-ordinate plan. Such nominated personnel are known as Key Personnel. The Key Personnel are:  Site Controller(SC)  Incidental Controller (IC)  Liaison and Communication Officer(LCO)  Fire and Security Officer(FSO)  Team Leaders(TL) 7.5.6.3. Requirement of equipment and materials Based on actual assessment of emergency, there can be requirement of Extra First Aid personnel to deal with casualties and need to be provided fromoutside  All types ofPPEs  Emergency engineering works, provision of extra or replacement of light, isolation of equipment, temporary by pass electrical linesetc.  Assembly point, emergency control center, signsboards.  Moving Tankers or other vehicles from area ofrisk  Fire protection and firefightingfacilities  Emergency lighting and standbypower  Emergency equipment and rescueequipment  Material safety data sheets for hazardouschemicals  Plan showing hazardous material storagearea  List of emergencyequipment  List of safetyequipment  List of important telephone numbers andaddresses  Nearest hospitals and ambulance servicecenter  Nearest firestation  Govt.Officials

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 252 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

 Transportprovider  Names and address & contact telephone number of keypersonnel The onsite emergency plan will be documented and circulated to all concerned for knowledge, study, to understand and easy follow up. The emergency plan will be rehearsed and practiced at regular intervals i.e. Mock drills shall be conducted at suitable interval to test efficiency of plan, personnel, equipment and coordinated efforts to increase confidence level of personnel during emergencies. 7.5.6.4. Training  Training on firefighting  Training on spillcontrol  Training on toxic releasecontrol  Training on goodhousekeeping  Training on use ofPPEs 7.5.6.5. Communication Following means of communication will be made available,  Telephones  Walkie-talkies  Mobiles  Public announcementsystem  EmergencySiren 7.5.7. Offsite Emergency Plan In case the hazard spreads out-side the premises Team A under the instruction of DMC will communicate to the District Magistrate, Commissioner of the Police and inform the situation as Off- Site Emergency. Types of emergency facilities/actions required from outside bodies are, Firefighting facilities required: Factory will have its own firefighting facilities but during emergency, fire brigade may be called from nearby areas or otherestablishments Police help shall be required during emergency for control of people, traffic and security arrangements Medicalhelp required: seriously injured personnel maybe referred to the Hospital/Primary Health Centre depending upon injuries 7.5.8. Information to authorities Emergency situations will be informed to the local Panchayat official regarding the likely hazards from the industry and the steps to be taken when there is an Off-Site Emergency. It is preferable that the Local Panchayat Officials are also trained on simple protective methods through demonstrations andpracticeDistrict Magistrate, Commissioner of the Police and District Control Room ifexist. 7.5.9. General natural disaster management measures Seismic zone for the proposed project site comes under zone III(6 to 8 Richter scale). Factory Management shall train their staff to manage emergencies arises from fire, flood, lightning andleakages. As soon as the emergency warning receives from District Disaster Management Authority, the raw material as well as finished products shall be kept to a minimum to avoid spillage ormisuse. All the material and products shall be stored properly to avoid the damage or mixing with other. All the

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 253 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

employees will have the list of important phone numbers and contact details to help in getting the required help in time. These numbers shall be displayed at distinct location within Factorypremises. Company‘sdesignatedpersonfromTeamAwillbemaincontactpersonforallthe employees for any type required help from outside  District level disaster managementunits  Health & FamilyWelfare  Medical  Nearest Firestation  Nearest Doctors &Ambulance  Forest & Environmentdepartment  Police Station  Village head & Panchayat  Company‘s Emergency Management CellMembers  Transport  Electricity  PWD  Substation details from where Company takes power  Civil Supplies  Animal Husbandry  Agriculture 7.6. Conclusion Project proponent will implement all preventive measures to tackle all type of emergencies arising out of operation or malfunction of individual unit‘s. The required resources for Onsite and Offsite emergency management plan will be properly planned and provided to implement the plan effectively. The factory shall give highest priority towards Health and safety of the employees and people residing nearby areas. Management shall conduct the training to the nearby villagers to appraise them about their role during emergency. All nearby people shall be given training on do‘s and don‘ts during emergency situation. Unfortunately, if there is any emergency onsite of offsite, it will be tackled effectively due to availability of required resources at the site. Similarly, all the concern staff and members of the Teams shall be trained appropriately to tackle the emergencies in the plant. By knowing the type of emergency situation that may arise during operation of the plant, appropriate control measures will be implemented to reduce the gravity of the emergencies. Similarly, to avoid the emergency situation, all required mitigation measures will be implemented as recommended.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 254 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

8. PROJECT BENEFITS Yashwant Sugar & Power Private Limited (YSPPL), Nagewadi is a registered company in the state of Maharashtra under the Companies Act, 1956 on 19th June 2012 Vide Registration Number U15422PN2012PTC143740. Yashwant Sugar &Power Private Limited (YSPPL) has existing sugar factory of 2500 TCD. The command area is rich in sugarcane cultivation and has excellent irrigation facilities.

Considering the Sugarcane cultivation potential and the availability of sugarcane in the command area Yashwant Sugar & Power Pvt. Ltd (YSPPL), proposes to expand its sugarcane crushing capacity from 2500 TCD to 8000 TCD. In order to meet the requirements of steam and power the industry propose to establish 40 MW Co-generation power plant. The industry also proposes to establish 110 KLPD distillery to consume the available molasses from its own sugar unit and utilize sugarcane juice/syrup/‗C‘/‗B‘ heavy Molasses/grains for the production of 110 KLPD RS/110 KLPD ENA/105 KLPD Ethanol. In the command area, the availability of Grains is also abundant.

The availability of sugarcane surpasses the crushing capacity of the unit. In fact the crushing goes even more than the established capacity sometimes. Therefore, the management thought that it would be advantageous to expand the crjshing capacity and diversify its activities to manufacture byproducts,. It would improve the economy of the Industry and also defvelop the surrounding areas and develop ancillary units such as, dairy, poultry, food processing etc. The activities will surely hjave a positive impact on the livelihood of the people living around the factory and nearby villages.

The waste disposal and air polliution issues can be reduced to a great extent by the measures asuggested in the report. The social and cultural vulnerability index responds a very less and level of resilience is at the higher side. The sustained high growth rates and poverty reduction, however, can be realized only when the sources of growth are expanding, and an increasing share of the labour force is included in the growth process in an efficient way. From a static point of view, growth associated with progressive distributional changes will have a greater impact in reducing poverty than growth which leaves distribution unchanged. This is in fact expresses the inclusive growth of theregion.

Due to the diversification of industrial activities of the YSPPL, Nagewadi, Taluka Khanapur, the farmers are highly benefited by getting remunerative prices to their produce sugarcane and this expansion of the crushing capacity would help for timely crushing of their produce with high recovery which would improve the economy of industry further.

With the establishment of the distillery unit whereby the by-product molasses are utilized in its own premises and hence reducing the cost of transportation and related issues due to transportation of raw materials. The distillery unit shall further improve economy, and higher cane price which would benefit farmers. The ecological balance of the region is well maintained and in fact, further improves due to the availability nutrients such as manure which enhance plant growth and biodiversity. Treated wastewater is used for maintaining the flora and fauna in the region.

Also industry shall be establishing 40 MW Co-generation power plant whereby the by-product bagasse is utilized in its own premises so reducing the transportation cost and thus co-generation unit has further improve economy of the factory and remaining power sold to state Maharashtra electricity grid.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 255 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Any developmental activity could have some adverse impacts; however, the resilience of the community and acceptance to pay in terms of losses as compared to benefits has a positive response by the people and has been observed to vary at a ratio of 1:10. In other words, the benefits of the projects are 11 times more as compared to the damages/losses in the community.

Thus, it can be concluded that the project has a positive impact and would immensely benefit the growth and development of not only the project area but also the entire region around the Yashwant Sugar and Power Private Limited. (YSPPL).

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 256 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

9. ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFITS ANALYSIS 9.1. Introduction Industry while making production also generates pollution. Production is beneficial to the Industry. Pollution is a diseconomy to the general public, by way of mal-effect on health and well-being. Industry is asked to internalize this external diseconomy by designing pollution mitigation measures, which is an extra cost to the Industry. However, if this cost is supported by the Industry then benefit will go to the public. This is a cost-benefit relation. Cost and benefit are in inverse proportion. More mitigation cost to Industry is more benefit to society. Less mitigation cost to Industry is benefit saving to Industry but adverse to society. Best solution is Industry gets the production (albeit with lesser margin due to spending on environmental protection) and society gets the benefit (from employment and reasonably safe environment). 9.2. Project Cost The costs involved in environmental monitoring and management to mitigate the adverse effects will be put on account for the proposed project. The capital cost for the EMP will be Rs. 3400 Lakhs. And recurring cost will be Rs. 275 Lakhs. The detailed EMP budget is given in Chapter 6, Table 6.3

9.3. Benefit of the industry The project involves expansion of sugarcane crushing capacity from 2500 TCD to 8000 TCD and establishment of 40 MW Co-generation power plant and 110 KLPD Distilleryto produce 110 KLPD rectified spirit/ 110 KLPD extra neutral alcohol/ 105 KLPD ethanol based on ‗C‘/‘B‘ heavy molasses/sugarcane juice/syrup/grains. Some of the main focused points told by the farmers are:  The factory shall be located in the vicinity of sugarcane area which would help to reach the cane within shortest possible time to the industry  The cane shall be getting processed early which would not affect on the loss of weight of cane.  Due to the establishment of the Industry, local people would get direct employment and also indirect employment opportunities are generated.  The economy of the farmers improved directly and indirectly.  The industry will be one of the dominant factors in the development of villages in the command area. 9.4. Benifits of expansion  The expansion of existing sugar unit and establishment of co-generation power plant and distillery unit will improve the economy of the industry and also provide employment to the people.  It would also help the socio-economic conditions of the surrounding villages as there will be certain amount of 2.625 crore allotted for corporate social responsibility.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 257 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

10. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 10.1. Inroduction The Environment Management Plan (EMP) is a site-specific plan developed to ensure that the project is implemented in an environmentally sustainable manner where all stakeholders including the project proponents, contractors and subcontractors, including consultants, understand the potential environmental risks arising from the proposed project and take appropriate actions to mitigate the risks. Adequate environment management measures need to be incorporated during the entire planning, installation and operating stages of the project to minimize any adverse environmental impact and assure sustainable development of the area.

EMP includes four elements:

Commitment and Policy: Proposed project will strive to provide and implement the environment management Plan that incorporates all issues related to air, land and water. Planning: This includes identification of environment impacts, legal requirements and setting environmental objectives. Implementation: This comprises of resources available to the developers, accountability of contractors, training of operational staff associated with environmental control facilities and documentation of measures to be taken. Measurement and Evaluation: This includes monitoring, corrective actions, and record keeping. The EMP‗s that will be into place consist of those during installation and operating stages of the project and includes the following elements:  Air Pollution Control and Management  Water Pollution & Control  Storm Water Management  Noise Control and Management  Hazardous and Solid Waste Management  Plantation, Landscaping and Land Management 10.2. Environment management plan during construction phase 10.2.1. Air Environment To minimize the impact during installation/construction phase following measures shall be taken:

 Traffic management for loading and unloading of the materials.  Water sprinkling shall be done at the location where dust generation is anticipated.  To minimize the occupational health hazard, proper mask shall be provided to the workers who are engaged in dust generation activity  As far as possible asbestos will not be used for construction work. If asbestos is used, all asbestos waste will be collected separately and disposed off on landfill with appropriate soil cover. 10.2.2. Water Environment Construction equipment requiring minimum water for cleaning should be chosen. High pressure hoses should be used for cleaning and dust suppression. If water from well is to be extracted, the rate of

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 258 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

extraction should be kept below the safe yield level. The construction activities would be avoided during monsoon season, particularly the excavation work if possible to control the ground as well as surface water pollution due to runoff.

Construction wastes will not be discharged to surface or ground water bodies. As far as possible construction wastes will be recycled and reused for road development and other purpose like filling low laying area etc. Appropriate sanitation facilities will be provided for workers.

During installation phase, existing sewerage and water facilities shall be used, without any adverse impact on the environment.

During the installation period, Total 20 KLD of water will be required for drinking and misc purposed. Runoff from site shall not be allowed to stand (water logging), same shall be channelized to the existing drain at the site. Approx. 5 KLD of waste water generated from 100 labors will be generated which will be transferred to the existing ETP.

10.2.3. Noise Environment During the installation stage for proposed unit, expected noise levels shall be in the range of 80-100 dB, which will decrease with increase in distance. Hence all the activities shall be carried out during the daytime.

There will be some noise generation due to movement of vehicles carrying materials during installation phase and as this is only a temporary phenomenon it can be managed by properly regulating the movement of vehicular traffic so that the ambient air quality with respect to noise is not adversely affected. To prevent any occupational hazard, earmuffs / earplugs shall be given to the workers working around or operating plant/machinery emitting high noise levels. Use of plant or machinery shall be strictly prohibited during night hour. Careful planning of machinery operation and scheduling of operations shall be done to minimize such impact.

10.2.4. Solid Waste Management Approx.8.0 MT/month of municipal solid waste will be generated and shall be sent to municipal solid waste site. All proper safety measures shall be adopted by the workers handling the waste. Waste will be segregated and containers and other non-biodegradable waste shall be given to recycler.

10.2.5. Land  Check bunds shall be built in the construction area to prevent soil erosion due to rainwater.  Measures will be taken to minimize waste soil generation. Construction waste material will be recycled.  Designation and demarcation of construction site with due provision for infrastructure.  Using appropriate measures for slope stabilization to reduce soil erosion. 10.2.6. Ecology  Plantation of dust absorbing trees on dust emission areas.  Plantation of soil holding/binding and fast growing plants e.g. grass to avoid soil erosion.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 259 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

 Stabilization of all disturbed slopes before the onset of monsoon to avoid soil erosion by planting trees along the slopes.  Avoiding felling of existing trees/vegetation as far as possible. If necessary, the number of trees felled to be replaced with double the number of trees in the form of green belt development.  Reuse of wastewater generated out of construction activity for irrigation/green belt checking its suitability.  Plantation of noise attenuating species to reduce noise pollution both during the construction as well as in the operation phase.  Avoiding use of high noise producing equipments during night time to avoid impact on fauna in the study area. 10.2.7. Socio – Economic Factors  Make use of local people for the construction work to maximum possible extent.  Provide proper facilities to construction worker such as water supply, sanitation, domestic fuel, education, transportation etc. Protection of company employees and equipment from construction hazards, including open excavations, falling objects, welding operations, dust, temporary wiring, and temporary overhead electrical lines. Barricades and fences are provided around the construction area. Personnel protective equipments e.g. safety helmet, goggles, gumshoes, etc. will be provided to the workers. 10.3. Environment management during operation phase The generation of pollutants such as wastewater, gaseous emissions and solid wastes during normal operational phase will cause adverse impacts and stress on various environment parameters. The management plan for mitigation of adverse impacts and enhancement of beneficial impacts are discussed below.

10.3.1. Air Environment  Bagasse will be used as fuel in 1*200 TPH boiler and 1*30 TPH Boiler. The bagasse requirement of the proposed unit will be 2115 MT/D. Bio-gas from Bio-methanation unit shall be used as supplementary fuel in order to further reduce the requirement of bagasse/coal. Coal requirement at 134 MT/day will be used in case of shortage of bagasse for distillery boiler during of season.  Common stack of 80 meters height and Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) as APC equipment will be provided to control the dispersion of pollutants releasing due to combustion of fuel.  Tree plantation shall be developed all around the premises.  All internal roads shall be concreted or tar felted to avoid a dust. A tree plantation shall be developed on both sides of the roads. Spraying of water on vacant land to reduce fugitive measure.  All the other roads in the vicinity of the factory used for transportation of raw materials and products will be concreted or tar felted, and these shall be maintained in good condition.  D.G. sets shall be provided stack of 6 m high above the roof level. Maintenance of vehicles and equipments also to be done to avoid the emissions. 10.3.1.1. Impact of the transport of the raw material & vehicular pollution control & itsmanagement:

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 260 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

For transportation of raw material & products, trucks and tempo shall be used.Traffic to the different sites during construction/installation will be more intensive and much heavier than at present in normal operating conditions. Dust and emission from movement of vehicles are likely to cause some impacts on the working population within immediate vicinity of the project site. In turn, it will subject existing roads to more stress. To control the impact, dust suppression systems (water spray) will be used as per requirement at the construction site. Construction materials will be fully covered during transportation to the project site by road. Vehicle flow during shift changes are regulated by allowing exits in a phased manner.TheStorageoftheraw material &productsareinLeakProofMSTankswhiletransportingthrough trucks & tankers. The present road conditions are reasonably good for proposed movement of traffic. Preventive maintenance is being carried out for vehicles and pollution check on periodicbasis.

10.3.2. Water Resources  Fresh water required shall be minimized by adopting 3-R principles.  A network of planned storm water drainages shall be provided to avoid contamination of rainwater with factory wastewater or other waste material. Rain water harvesting plan shall be implemented to collect and store rainwater and also to replenish the ground water source. 10.3.3. Waste Water  The quantity and quality of wastewater in the plant is controlled by following measures:  Recycle of process water including steam condensate and reuse of treated wastewater in the plant. Control of water taps, washings, leakages from pump glands and flanged joints.  Overflow of vessels is strictly avoided. Floor cleaning with water will be replaced with dry cleaning with bagasse.  Leakage and spillage of molasses at pumps and vessels is collected in small pits and recycled.  Effluent treatment facilities shall be provided to make the treated water fit for land application.  Storage reservoirs of adequate capacity shall be provided to hold rainwater and treated effluent during unfavourable climatic conditions. 10.3.4. Solid Waste Non Hazardous solid wastes details Table 10-1Details of non-hazardous waste generated and its disposal

Sr. No. Description of waste Quantity Mode of Collection and Disposal Ash from – 1*200 TPH 1.A 27.75 MT/D Boiler (Bagasse as a fuel) Ash from – 1*30 TPH The ash shall be used for brick manufacturing 4.0 MT/D Boiler (Bagasse as a fuel) within factory premises or mixed with 1.B Ash from – 1*30 TPH pressmud and sold as manure. Boiler (Coal as a fuel- 20.1 MT/D ETP Sludge and Pressmud shall be sold as During Season) manure. 2. ETP Sludge 300 MT/A 3. Pressmud 320 MT/D Other Solid Wastes 1. Paper waste 0.01 MT/M Manually collected and stored in a designated

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 261 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Sr. No. Description of waste Quantity Mode of Collection and Disposal 2. Plastic waste 0.01 MT/M area and sold to scrap vendors 3. Municipal Solid waste Non-Biodegradable 3 MT/M Manually collected and sold to scrap vendors

Bio-degradable 5 MT/M Used as manure. Hazardous waste details Table 10-2Details of hazardous waste generated and and its disposal

Description of Sr. No. Category Quantity Mode of Collection and Disposal waste Shall be collected in Leak Proof Containers and 1. 5.1 Used Oil 1.01 KL/A utilized as lubricant for bullock carts 10.3.5. Noise Environment Necessary measures as indicated below are taken to reduce sound intensity below the allowable limits at the source itself. In general at the locations of turbines, compressors, fans etc. The sound intensity generally exceeds the standards. The workers engaged in such locations are provided with earmuffs/ear plugs to have additional safety.

Adoption of noise reduction measures in the industry as per the CPCB guidelines.

 Specifying the noise standards to the manufacturers of machine  Acoustic barriers or shields to the machines.  Vibration free foundations for machines.  Acoustical walls and roofs to the building where such machines are installed.  Segregation of machines having high noise level in isolated buildings.  Incorporation of sound absorbers to blowers and compressors.  Sound control measures to steam vents.  Proper maintenance of machineries, especially oiling and greasing of bearings and gears etc.  Avoiding vibration of machineries with proper design of machineries such as speed and balancing etc.  Use of personnel protective equipment such as earmuffs and earplug for persons working in such locations.  Plantation of green trees around the factory building and premises to control the intensity of noise to the surrounding area. With above noise abatement measures the noise level in the premises will be maintained within the desired limits. It will be ensured that the workers in high noise areas use earmuffs, earplugs. Further, it is ensured that the noise level inside the work area will conform to the standards of industrial area and noise level outside premises will conform to the standards of residential areas.

10.3.6. Biological Environment  Plantation program as indicated below will be undertaken to enhance biological environment.  Development of green belt all around the project site.  Conservation of existing vegetation.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 262 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

 Taking up social forestry program in the vicinity of factory in co-operation with village authorities as a community service.  Clearing of existing vegetation should be kept to minimum and should be done only when absolutely necessary.  Plantation program should be undertaken in all available areas. This should include plantation in the proposed plant premises, along the internal and external roads, around the solid waste storage yards and around the administrative buildings. 10.4. Green belt development Development of greenbelt in and around the industry is an effective way to check pollutants and their dispersion into surrounding areas. The degree of pollution attenuation by a green belt depends on its height and width, foliage surface area and density. The main objective of green belt around the factory is:

 Mitigation of impacts due to fugitive emissions.  Attenuation of noise levels.  Ecological restoration.  Creation of aesthetic environment.  Wastewater reuse.

 Reduction in CO2 and Increases O2 level. Criteria for Selection of Species for Green Belt  Rapid growth and evergreen habitats  Tolerance to water stress and extreme climatic conditions  Difference in height and growth habits  Aesthetic and pleasing appearance  Provide shade  Large bio-mass to provide fodder and nitrogen  Improving waste land  To suit specific climate and soil characteristics (local species).  Sustainability with minimum maintenance  Recommended plant species shall be utilized for development of green belt and greenery in and around the factory premises. According to CPCB guidelines, 1500 trees should be available per hectare of land for Greenbelt development. Total plot area of the industry is 36.55 Hectares, out of which 13.4 Hectares of land is reserved for greenbelt development; hence there should be minimum 20100 no. of trees. At present there are 10000 trees, the remaining 10100 trees will be planted within 2 - 3 years. The industry proposes to plant 1000 to 1500 trees per year in order to increase the greenbelt over and above 33% of the total factory area.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 263 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Table 10-3 List of plant which absorb the pollutant for the proposed Green Belt development

Sr. No. Local Name Scientific Name Family 1 Nandaruk Ficus benjamina Moraceae 2 Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 3 Pimpal Ficus religiosa Moraceae 4 Gulmohor Delaonix regia Fabaceae 5 Vilayati chinch Pithecolobium dulce Fabaceae 6 Sitafal Annona squamosa Annonaceae 7 Tulas Ocimum tenuifolium Lamiaceae Table 10-4 List of plant proposed for Green Belt development

Sr. No. Tall Trees /Shade Medium Size Flowering Plants 1 Sag Suru Hibiscus 2 Neem Bottle Brush Nerium pink 3 Chinch Silver Oak Nerium red 4 Kanchan Tecoma Spp. Allananda 5 Palas Ahsoka Cassia biflora 6 Jambhul Agrasure Silver oak 7 Rain Tree Cordial Spp. Zendu (Tagetes erecta) 8 Gulmohar Anant (Gardenia) 9 Nilgiri 10 Babhul 10.5. Rain water harvesting The scheme of reuse of rainwater will be implemented through rainwater harvesting system. The harvested water will be used for ground water recharge in order to increase the ground water table of the surrounding area and to conserve the natural resources to the maximum extent. The rainwater harvesting design details are given in Annexure-III of the EIA Report.

10.5.1. Storm Water Harvesting Large quantity of storm water is generated during rainy days. Rainwater collection and harvesting plan is implemented to conserve water resources and to improve the ground water table. The project site area is segregated into different premises for effective management of storm water. Storm water gutters/pipes are designed and constructed based on contour data of the premises and rainfall data of the region. Necessary measures shall be taken to control the quality of storm water.The storm water harvesting design details are given in Annexure-IV of the EIA Report.

The press mud storage areas may contain spillage of solid matter. During rainy period, the leachate of this area is likely to affect the quality of storm water. Therefore, these premises are isolated with garland gutters. The floorings are suitably prepared to avoid percolation, and the quality of storm water collected from these garland channels is periodically checked.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 264 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

10.6. Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER) The capital cost of the proposed expansion project is Rs. 350 Crores. The industry has reserved Rs. 2.625 Crores (0.75 % of the cost of the project as per Office Memorandum Vide F. No. 22-65/2017-IA.III Dated 01.05.2018) which will be spent on the activities like sanitation and health, education, and educational facilities as a cost towards corporate environment responsibility (CER). 10.7. Environmental policy and Organization structure  Comply with relevant laws and regulations as well as any additional measures to maintain sustainable environment.  Adopt a systematic approach of EMP for continual improvement.  Prevent pollution and recycle, reuse and reduce wastes.  Minimize emission by using clean fuels.  Conserve resources by efficient operation and process.  Develope green belt in an around plant area.  Create awareness to employees to avoid spillages, wastages and also general public for clean and healthy environment.  Safety and health of employees is the prime and utmost priority of the Management.

Figure 10-1 Hierarchal structure of the organization for reporting

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 265 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

10.7.1. Procedure for reporting accident/incident and attending the injured person Procedure

 If any accident / incident occurred inform Safety Assistant immediately by verbal/telephone or by other possiblemeans.  Give the details of accident/incident like location of accident / incident, person involved in accident/incident.  Provide the information about accident/incident like any leakages of toxic/flammable gas or fire due to leakages of chemicals or any otherreasons.  Rescue the victim from affected area to safearea.  Give first aid to the injured at site as far as possible by trained first aider if required & analyze the nature of injury whether minor or major. If injury is major or serious take action to hospitalize.  Give intimation to safety supervisor & safety dept. at the earliest by verbal/ telephone or by any other possiblemeans.  Identify injury & accordingly send injured person to hospital for further treatment ifrequired.  Fill the internal accident / incident report form (in triplicate) & submit to Environment Department immediately or at the most on following day of the occurrence of accident/incident.  Safety officer shall analyze the accident / incident & suggest the remedial measures to preventreoccurrence. 10.7.2. System of reporting of non compliance /violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and/or shareholders or stakeholders at large. PP will developed a system of reporting non compliance/violations of environmental norms in the followingmanner,

 In case of Non compliance, the lower officer will report to the Environment Officer.  The Environment Officer, will report to the company‘s Managing Director.  To close the non compliance board meeting will be called in which the action plan to attend the non compliance will be discussed.  After discussion the board resolution will be passed which should be implemented in a time bounded manner.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 266 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

11. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd.proposes to expand their sugarcane crushing capacity from 2500 TCD to 8000 TCD,establishment of 40 MW Co-generation power plant and 110 KLPD distilleryto consume the available molasses from its own sugar unit and utilize sugarcane juice / syrup / ―C‖/―B‖ heavy Molasses/ grains for the production of 110 KLPD RS/110 KLPD ENA/105 KLPD Ethanol at Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli Maharashtra

11.1. Salient features of the project

Name and Address of Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd. the industry A/p. Nagewadi, Tal- Khanapur, Dist- Sangli., Maharashtra Schedule of project as per EIA 5(g), 5(j) Notification 2006 Category of Project Category ‗A‘ The total plot area of the industry is 36.55 Hectares. The detailed land use breakup is as under Total Area in % of Total Sr. No. Description Ha Area 1 Total Built-Up Area 2.05 5.61 Total plot area 2 Green Belt Area 13.4 36.66 3 Area Under Utility 3.77 10.32 4 Parking Area 5.59 15.29 5 Area Under Road 3.75 10.26 6 Open Space Area 7.99 21.86 Total Plot Area 36.55 100

The total production capacity of the industry are as under Sr. Existing Proposed Description Unit Total Remark no. Capacity Capacity 1. Sugar Unit TCD 2500 5500 8000 Co-generation 2 MW 0 40 40 Production details Power 3. Distillery Unit KLPD 0 110 110 Rectified Spirit or 110 110 Only Extra Neutral one KLPD 105 105 Alcohol or product Ethanol 105 105 at a time

The Total fresh water requirements of the sugar ,Co-generation unit and distillery unit sha;; be zero. The breakup of which are as under Description Quantity Remarks Water requirement Domestic use 100 KLD of the project Sugar and Co-generation Power Plant 0 KLD Distillery Unit 0 KLD Source of water is Bhagyagnagar lake. The necessary permissions for lifting the water for industrial use are available with the industry.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 267 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

-Domestic effluent of 80m3/day shall be treated in STP. The treated effluent shall be used for gardening/greenbelt development. -Wastewater generated from Sugar & co-gen division shall be 988 m3/day out off which sugar effluent - 303 m3/day, co-gen effluent-120 m3/day and spray pond effluent- 565 m3/day. This effluent shall be treated in existing sugar ETP after modification, which is adequate after proposed expansion. Treated effluent will be used for gardening/greenbelt development -Spentwash generated from proposed 110 KLPD distillery shall be as follow Sr. No. Description Quantity 1. Based on ―C‖ molasses Concentrated spentwash 176 Spentlees 220 Other dilute effluent 85 OR 2. Based on ―B‖ heavy molasses Concentrated spentwash 110 Spentlees 220 Other dilute effluent 85 Effluent generation OR and treatment 3. Based on ―Sugarcane Juice/Syrup scheme adopted Concentrated spentwash 114 Spentlees 143 Other dilute effluent 95 OR 4. Based on ―Grains‖ Process and diluted wastewater 798 Other diluted effluent 160 Spentwash shall be treated using concentration and drying to form potash rich manure. Dilute effluents- spentlees, cooling make up wastewater, boiler blow down, fermenter washing and DM plant wastewater etc. shall be treated in proposed CPU and recycle back for cooling towers and process water. –Adopt Clean technologies as per Comprehensive Industry Document on Sugar Industry (COINDS), Control pH by biological means. - Cool the water and reuse. - Adopt dry-cleaning methods and collect the leakages, spillages and reprocess, the effluent. - Provide a separate storage pond and add in a controlled manner to ETP, to avoid shock loading. Sr. Power Requirement Unit Source No. (MW) 1. Sugar Unit 8.0 Own 40 MW Co- Power Requirement Co-generation generation Power 2. 4.0 Power Plant Plant and 30 TPH 3. Distillery Unit 2.5 distillery boiler.

1*200 TPH Boiler for Sugar and Co-generation Boiler details 1*30 TPH Boiler for Distillery DG Set Capacity At present- 1*125 KVA & Proposed - 2* 500 KVA

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 268 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

1. Bagasse: 2115MT/day for sugar and distillery boiler 2. Bio-gas: 7000 m3/day for distillery boiler During season Fuel Requirement OR 3. Coal: 134 MT/dayfor distillery boiler in case of shortage of bagasse. 4.Bio-gas: 16000 m3/day for distillery boiler during off season. 80 Meter high common Stack for sugar and distillery boiler Stack Details 2 *500 KVA DG set: 6.0 m above roof APC Equipment Electro-Static Precipitator (ESP) Manpower 360 Nos EMP Cost Capital Cost: 3400 Lakhs, Recurring Cost:275 Lakhs Project Cost 350 Crores CER Cost 2.625 Crores (0.75% of the project cost) 11.2. CONCLUSIONS As the industry has provided all the necessary pollution control measures for water, Air and Solid and hazardous waste disposal, the negative impacts on the environment would be minimal/negligible. The expansion programme would help the farmers to crush their produce in time which would help to minimize the loss of sugarcane tonnage and yield maximum financial benefits.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 269 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

12. DISCLOSURE OF THE CONSULTANT

DR. SUBBARAO‟S ENVIRONMENT CENTER:

“Dr. Subbarao‘s Environment Center (SEC)‖, formerly known as ―Water and Waste Water Research Centre‖, is established by an entrepreneur Dr. B. Subbarao in the year 1982 with an objective to mitigate Environmental Impacts and Protect Environment. It is QCI-NABET accredited consulting organization, for conducting EIA studies. SEC is also NABL accredited laboratory. SEC is one of the most prominent Environmental Consulting Organizations in the country. The EIA/EMP projects undertaken by SEC so far-

Environmental Clearence from MOEF GOVERNMENT of India, New Delhi

1. Dr. Baburao Bapuji Tanpure S.S.K.Ltd; Rahuri, (Dist) Ahmednagar, Maharashtra State ―Expansion of the Distillery capacity from 30 KLD to 45 KLD. 2. Mula S.S.K.Ltd; (Post) :-Sonai (Dist):- Ahmednagar, Maharashtra State ―Establishing a Distillery of 30 KLD‖ 3. Shri Chhatrapati S.S.S.K. Ltd; Kagal. (Dist) Kolhapur, Maharashtra State. ―Establishing a 45 KLD Distillery‖ 4. Shri Datta Shethkari S.S.K.Ltd; Shirol. (Dist) Kolhapur, Maharashtra State, ―Expansion of the Distillery Capacity from 30 KLD to 60 KLD‖ 5. Somaiya Organic Chemicals Ltd; Sameerwadi, (Dist) Bagalkot, Karnataka State. ―Expansion of the Distillery capacity from 30KLD to 60 KLD‖ 6. Vishwanath Sugars Ltd; Bellad- Bagewadi, (Dist) Belgaum, Karnataka State. ―Establishment of Distillery of 35KLD‖ 7. Expansion of the Distillery Capacity from 75 KLPD to 95 KLPD at Krishna S.S.K.Ltd., Rethare Bk., Shivanagar, Karad (Tq), Satara (Dist), Maharashtra State. 8. Expansion of the Distillery Capacity from 45 KLPD to 75 KLPD at Shri Dnyeshwar S.S.K.Ltd., Dnyeshwarnagar, Newasa (Tq), Ahmednagar (Dist), Maharashtra State. 9. Gangamai Sugar & Allced Industries, Aurangabad, ―Establishment of 30 KLPD Distillery Unit‖. 10. Expansion of the Distillery Capacity from 60 KLPD to 200 KLPD TOR for Somaiya Organo Chemicals (A Unit of The Godavari Sugar Mills Ltd., Bagalkot (Dist), Karnataka State. 11. Establishment of 10,000 TCD Sugar 30 MW Co-generation Based on Bagasse and 240 KLPD TOR for Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd., Belgaum, at the Village Nandur, Mangalweda (Tq), Solapur (Dist). 12. Expansion of the Sugar Capacity from 6000 to 7500 TCD and setting up 33 MW Co-generation Unit based on Bagasse at S.M. Shankarrao Mohite Patil S.S.K.Ltd. 13. Environmental Clearence for the Establishment of 30 KLPD Distillery at Hutatma Kisan Ahir S.S.K.Ltd. 14. Setting up 41 MW Co-generation Unit (Interstate Distance below 25 KM) based on Bagasse at Shri Hiranyakeshi S.S.K.Niyamit, Sankeshwar, Belgaum (Dist), Karnataka State. 15. Expansion of Sugar Plant capacity from 2500 to 5000 TCD, Expansion of Distillery capacity from 30 KLPD to 60 KLPD & establishing Co-generation Plant of 16.2 MW at Bhaurao Chavan SSK Ltd., Laxminagar, Deagaon-Yelegaon, Nanded (Dsit).

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 270 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

16. Expansion of Distillery capacity from 30 KLPD to 45 KLPD at The Kopargaon SSK Ltd., Gautamnagar, Kolpewadi, Kopargaon (Tq), Ahmednagar (Dist). 17. Expansion of Sugar Plant capacity from 5000 to 11,000 TCD, Co-generation from 41 MW to 52 MW and Distillery capacity from 54 to 84 KLPD at Shree Hiranyakeshi SSK Niyamit, Sankeshwar, Belgaum (Dist). 18. Expansion of Distillery capacity from 200 KLPD to 320 KLPD based on Sugarcane Molasses and Grains and ENA capacity from 40 KLPD to 260 KLPD at Godavari Bio Refineries Ltd., Sameerwadi. Bagalkot (Dist) State Karnataka. 19. Expansion of Distillery capacity from 80 KLPD to 150 KLPD and establishing 7.5 MW Co- generation Unit at Somaiya Organo Chemicals, (A Unit of The Godavari Sugars Ltd.,) Sakarwadi, Kopargaon (Tq), Ahmednagar (Dist). Maharashtra State. 20. Expansion of Acetaldehyde production from 1500 MT/Month to 2100 M/Month and Ethyl Acetate from 5400 MT/Month to 8700 MT/Month by Godavari Bio-refineries Ltd at Samerwadi, Bagalkot (Dist), Karnataka State 21. Establishment of distillery to produce 30 KLPD Rectified Spirit/30 KLPD ENA/ 30 KLPD Ethanol and 1 MW co-generation power by Utopian Sugars Limited, Kachrewadi, Tal. Mangalwedha, Dist. Solapur, Maharashtra 22. Expansion of molasses based Distillery from 35 to 65 KLPD by M/s. Brima Sagar Maharashtra Distilleries Ltd., at Shreepur, Tal. Malshiras, Dist. Solapur, Maharashtra.

ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCES FROM STATE LEVEL APPRAISAL COMMITTEES: 1. ―Expansion of Sugar factory, capacity from 4500 TCD to 6000 TCD and expansion of the Distillery capacity from 30 KLD to 60 KLD, Acetic Acid plant of 25 TCD and 26 MW Co-generation Unit based on Bagasse‖ at Shri Sahakarao Maharshi Shankarao Mohite Patil SSK Ltd., Akluj. Solapur (Dist), Maharashtra State. 2. ―Setting up 25 TCD pulp & Paper Unit and Distillery of 30 KLD‖ at Kopergaon SSK Ltd., Gautamnagar, Kolpewadi (Tq), Ahmednagar (Dist), Maharashtra State. 3. ―Setting up 20 TCD Pulp & Paper Unit and expansion of the Sugar factory capacity from 2500 TCD to 4250 TCD at Rahuri SSK Ltd., Ahmednagar (Dist), Maharashtra State. 4. ―Expansion of the Sugar factory capacity from 2500 TCD to 3500 TCD and setting up 21 MW Co- generation Unit based on Bagasse‖ at Mula SSK Ltd., Sonai, Ahmednagar (Dist), Maharashtra State. 5. ―Setting up 26 MW Co-generation Unit at Dnyaneshwar SSK Ltd., Dnyaneshwarnagar, Ahmednagar (Dist), Maharashtra State. 6. ―Setting up 24 MW Co-generation unit based on Bagasse‖ at Jawahar SSSK Ltd., Hupari, Kolhapur (Dist), Maharashtra State. 7. ―Expansion of the Sugar factory capacity from 2500 TCD to 3500 TCD‖ at Shree Chhatrapati Shahu SSK Ltd., Kagal, Kolhapur (Dist), Maharashtra State. 8. ―Expansion of the Sugar factory capacity from 5000 TCD to 7000 TCD‖ at Shree Datta SSSK Ltd., Shirol (Tq), Kolhapur (Dist), Maharashtra State. 9. ―Expansion of the Sugar factory capacity from 5000 TCD to 7500 TCD‖ at Sahayadri SSK Ltd., Karad (Tq), Satara (Dist), Maharashtra State 10. ―2500 TCD Sugar factory and 21 MW Co-generation based on Bagasse‖ at Gurudatta Sugars Ltd., Takaliwadi, Shirol (Tq), Kolhapur (Dist), Maharashtra State.

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 271 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

11. ―Expansion of the Sugar factory capacity from 5000 TCD to 7500 TCD at Krishna SSK Ltd., Rethare Bk, Shivnagar (Po), Karad (Tq), Satara (Dist), Maharashtra State. 12. ―Expansion of the Sugar factory capacity from 2500 TCD to 4000 TCD and Co-generation unit of 14 MW‖ at Shri Pandurang SSK Ltd., Shreepur, Solapur (Dist), Maharashtra State. 13. Expansion of the Sugar factory capacity from 2500 TCD to 3500 TCD and setting up 15 MW Co- generation Unit at Hutatma Kisan Ahir S.S.K.Ltd., Walwe (Tq), Sangli (Dist), Maharashtra State. 14. Environmental Clearance for establishing 44 MW Co-generation Unit by Urjankur Shree Tatyasaheb Kore Warna Power Company Ltd., at Warnanagar, Kolhapur (Dist). 15. Environmental Clearance for establishing 36 MW Co-generation Unit by Urjankur Shree Datta Power Company Ltd., at Shirol, Kolhapur (Dsit), Maharashtra State. 16. Establishing 13 MW Co-generation Unit by Dwarkadish Sugars Lyd., Satana, Maharashtra State. 17. Expansion of Sugar Plant capacity from 2500 to 5500 TCD, Co-generation Plant capacity from 14 MW to 39 MW at Vishwanath Sugars Ltd., Bellad-Bagewadi, Karnataka State. 18. Expansion of the Sugar factory capacity from 500 TCD to 10,000 TCD and establishing Co- generation Plant of 40 MW at Nirani Sugars Ltd., Mudhol, Bagalkot (Dist), Karnataka State. 19. Expansion of the Sugar factory capacity from 7,500 TCD to 15,000 TCD and Co-generation capacity from 24 MW to 64 MW at Godavari Biorefineries Ltd., Samerwadi, Bagalkot (Dsit), Karnataka State 20. Expansion of Sugar factory capacity from 7500 TCD to 9000 TCD at Dattanagar, Tal. Shirol, Dist. Kolhapur by Shri. Datta Shetakari Sakhar karkhana Limited 21. Expansion of Sugar factory capacity from 4000 TCD to 5500 TCD and 12 MW to 27 MW by Krishna SSK Niyamit, Athani 22. Expansion of Sugar factory capacity from 7500 TCD to 10000 TCD by Sahakar Maharshi Shankarrao Mohite Patil SSK Limited 23. Proposed expansion in capacity through modernization in technologyat Plot No. E-89, MIDC Ranjangaon, Tal. Shirur, Dist. Pune, Maharashtra by M/s. SI Group India Pvt. Ltd. 24. Expansion of Distillery capacity from 30 KLPD to 60 KLPD to produce Rectified Spirit/ENA/Ethanol at Laxminagar, Degaon-Yelegaon, Tal Ardhapur, Dist. Nanded, Maharashtra by Bhaurao Chavan Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Limited 25. Expansion of sugarcane crushing capacity from 9,000 TCD to 15,000 TCD, Distillery capacity from 60 KLPD to 90 KLPD and establishing Co-generation Power Plant of 21 MW and 5MW from Incineration Boiler. at Dattanagar, Tal. Shirol, Dist. Kolhapur, Maharashtra by Shree Datta Shetkari Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Limited 26. Expansion of distillery from 30 KLPD to 45 KLPD RS/ENA/Ethanol based on molasses/ 45 KLPD Ethanol based on SDS (Special Denatured Spirit) at Village Kacharewadi, Tal. Mangalwedha, Dist. Solapur, Maharashtra-413 305 by M/s. Utopian Sugars Ltd. ONGOING PROJECTS AT STATE LEVEL APPRAISAL COMMITTEES

1. Proposed expansion in manufacturing capacity of the synthetic organic Chemicals from 2839.625 MT/M to 3308.625 MT/M at plot no. 108, 109, 110 roth (bk.), MIDC Roha, Tal. Roha, Dist. Raigad by M/s. Anshul Speciality Molecules Pvt. Ltd. 2. Manufacture of API products (330 MT/M) at Plot No- B-20, MIDC LoteParshuram, Tal- Khed, Dist-Ratnagiri, Maharashtra by Taaj Healthcare Chemicals Private Limited

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 272 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

3. Expansion in manufacturing capacity of API products from 474 MT/Annum to 930 MT/Annum at Plot No. K-4/4, MIDC Mahad, Tal.- Mahad, District - Raigad, Maharashtra, by M/s. Kopran Research Laboratories Ltd 4. Expansion in Manufacturing Capacity of Synthetic Organic Chemicals at K-4/4, Additional IDC, At Post Bhirwadi, Tal. Mahad, Dist. Raigad by Kopran Research Laboratories Limited 5. Manufacturing of API products (210 MT/M) at PlotNo. D-12/12, 12/13, 12/14, MIDC Lote- Parshuram, Tal. Khed, Dist. Ratnagiri, Maharashtra by Litmus Organics Private Limited 6. Manufacturing of API products (190 MT/M) at Plot No- G-13, MIDC Lote-Parshuram, Tal- Khed, Dist-Ratnagiri, Maharashtra by Suyash Industries Address for Correspondance: Address: ―Arundhati‖, M.S.E.B Road, Opp. Sahayog Nagar, Vishrambag, Sangli. Contact No. (0233) 2301857, Mobile No. 9372109522, 9890992118 Email: [email protected]

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 273 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

NABET CRTIFICATE

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 274 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

NABL CERTIFICATE

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 275 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

PAPL CERTIFICATE

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 276 Yashwant Sugar and Power Pvt. Ltd., Nagewadi, Tal. Khanapur, Dist. Sangli. EIA/EMP

Environment Consultants Dr. Subbarao’s Environment Center, Sangli 277