MANUAL PROFESIONAL DEL BURRO Compilación: the Donkey Sanctuary Dra

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MANUAL PROFESIONAL DEL BURRO Compilación: the Donkey Sanctuary Dra MANUAL PROFESIONAL DEL BURRO Compilación: The Donkey Sanctuary Dra. Elisabeth D. Svendsen, M.B.E. Introducción: Lord Soulsby Tercera edición Whittet Books Primera edición: 1997 Compilación (0 1997: Elisabeth D. Svendsen, M.B.E. Traducción C) 1999 The Donkey Sanctuary Whittet Books Limited,Hill Farm, Stonham Rd, Cotton, Stowmarket, SuffoIk IP14 4RQ Reino Unido Reservados todos los derechos. Queda prohibida la reproducción total o parcial de este libro, por cualquier medio o procedimiento, ya sea reprografía o tratamiento informático, sin el permiso explítico y por escrito de Whittet Books Limited. Catálogo en los datos de publicación Traducción: Isabel Mancebo Portela Una ficha de catálogo para este libro está disponible en la British Library. ISBN 1 873580 47 9 The Donkey Sanctuary está situado en Sidmouth, Devon EX10 ONU Tfno.: +44 1395 578 222 Fax: +44 1395 579 266 N' de registro: 264818 IDPT, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Mexico, Mexico 20 D.F. La Dra. Svendsen agradece especialmente a Mal Squance, por haber organizado la producción de este libro, Marie Long por revisarlo; y Sarali Bagwell por organizar el material. El coordinador, los colaboradores y el editor agradecen a las siguientes personas por el permiso conferido para reproducir las ilustraciones que figuran en las páginas indicadas entre paréntesis: permission to reproduce illustrations that appear on the pages indicated in brackets: K. Afien-Melvin (326), Association des eleveurs d'ánes -Pyreneens (142,143), Association Frangaise de l'Ane Grand Noir du Berry (140), M. Audiot(160,16 l), Sarah BagweIl (287), Danny Bryan (36, 42, 70, 77, 90, 114, 116, 120, 154, 237, 290ffi), Maxine Carter (115), Comune di Ortueri (152), Hilary Cotter (17), julie Courtney (304, 306, 307, 310, 311, 313, 318), M. Durrant (250), Pippa Edney (144, 145), Evening Courier, Halifax (328), june Evers (61, 127, 164, 172, 178, 209, 228, 232, 233(2), 284), Dr jane French (131, 133, 135), Fescha Gebreab (213), Mr & Mrs Groen (16), Dr Colin P. Groves (10, 12), Roy Harrington (168), Lise Kragh (257(2), 259(2), 260,(2), 261, 262), Dorothy Morris (117, 264), Tom Morse-Brown (267,268, 269, 270, 271, 278(2), 279; also drawings on pp. 33, 72, 74, 79, 80, 81, 274, 285, 286, 303), julie Mutter (298), M. Philippe (156), Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Children, Hackney (14/15), Anthony Reyrio1ds (265), M. Richard (159), Pascual Rovira, ADEBO (146, 148, 149), Ken Searle (38), Mrs Leslie Sims (333), Mike Stamp (139), Paul Starkey (185, 186, 187, 188, 189,190,191, 192,193,194(2), 195,196,197 (2), 200, 201, 204,206), Mal Squance (176, 177), Paul Svendsen, (173,182, 293), Bifi Tetlow (281, 323, 325), Rosalind de Wesselow (88, 89), Zoological Society of London (11) Printed and bound in Great Britain ÍNDICE Introducción Professor EJ.L. Soulsby, M.A., Ph.D., D.Sc., D.VM. & S., D.VM., D.V.S.M., ER.C.VS. 5 Prefacio by Dr Elisabeth D. Svendsen, M.B.E. 7 1 (a)Tratamiento de enfermedades (b) Enfermedades oculares en el burro 9 Mr M. Crane, B.VM. & S., M.R.C.VS., Dr B. Inglis, D.VM., M.R.C.VS. 2 (a) Cirugía (b) Departamento de ultrasonido del refugio de los burros 32 Mr M. Crane, B.V.M. & S., M.R.C.VS., Miss June Evers, H.D.C.R. 3 Parásitos en los burros del Reino Unido 45 Mr A. Trawford, B.VSc., M.Sc., M.R.C.VS., C.VM.A. 4 El casco del burro y su cuidado 60 J.D. Reilly, R.ANC., B.Sc. (Hons), B.VSc., M.R.C.V.S. 5 Nutricíon 81 Miss E Taylor, B.Vet. Med., M.R.C.VS. 6 Alojamiento 94 Dr D.W.B. Sainsbury, M.A., Ph.D., B.Sc., M.R.C.VS., ER.S.H., C.Biol., El. Biol. 7 Interaccíon social 113 Dr J. French, B.Sc., Ph.D. 8 Los burros en el extranjero 126 Dr E.D. Svendsen, M.B.E. 9 Burros de trabajo 143 Professor P. Starkey 10 Enfermedades y problemas de salud en los burros del extranjero 167 Dr E Gebreab, B.Sc., D.VM., M.VSc. 11 Enfermadades parasitarias en los burros del extranjero 187 Dr E.D. Svendsen, M.B.E. Glosario de términos sobre la salud del burro 200 Apéndices 224 1. Parámetros fisiológicos 2. Parámetros hematológicos 3. Parámetros bioquímicos 4. Técnica modificada de Baerman para migración larvaria pulmonar 5. Número de huevos de duela - Método de sedimentación 6. Método modificado de MacMaster 7. Método modificado de Wisconsin de flotación de azúcar 8. Nomograma del perímetro del corazón Direcciones Utiles 233 INTRODUCCIÓN Lord Sou1sby de Swafflam Prior, M.A., Ph.D., D.Sc.,D. VM. &S., D. V.M., D.V.S.M., FR. C. VS. Profesor de Patología Animal Universidad de Cambridge El burro o el asno, Equus asinus, es un ejemplo de libertad sin límites en el mundo salvaje, pero si viven en cautividad, a menudo son objeto de esclavitud, explotación, desnutrición, abuso fisico y abuso general. El burro, que no merece este tratamiento, desempeña un importante papel en la provisión de energía para la producción agrícola mendiante tracción para el cultivo y transporte del producto. Puede ser que el mundo occidental no aprecie la labor del burro, junto con la de otros animales de trabajo, en la provisión de alimentos a una población mundial que según se prevé, alcanzará 8 000 millones de habitantes a mediados del siglo que viene. Por ello tendremos que producir tanto alimento en los próximos 25 años, como se ha hecho durante los últimos 10 000 años. Por este motivo, la salud y el bienestar del burro serán muy importantes para aquellos que dependan del animal para mantenerse. Si un burro enferma o se muere, la familia que lo tiene puede pasar por grandes dificultades e incluso tragedias si no logra recuperarse. La declaración Alma Ata, de 1978, de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, reconoció el papel de la agricultura y de los animales de trabajo en el objetivo de "Salud para todos en el año 200”, sin duda el burro desempeñará un papel importante, aunque no reconocido, para que se alcance esa meta. En el mundo occidental, el burro pasó por su peor fase en el síglo XIX, cuando, por ejemplo, en el Reino Unido, el "caballo del pobre" se usaba para todos los propósitos. En la actualidad, su papel ha cambiado al de animales de compañía, paseos para niños en las playas, animales para empujar carros de niños o animales de exhibición. Sin embargo, aún hay mucha ignorancia y mitos falsos respecto de las 6MANUAL PROFESIONAL DEL BURRO necesidades de los burros y su salud y bienestar, que se resumen en estos versos de G. K. Chesterton: Con una cabeza monstruosa y un llanto enfermizo Y orejas como vientos errantes Entre todos los seres de cuatro patas, Va la parodia andante del demonio. Sin embargo, ahora se ha cambiado mucho la actitud para mejorar el tratamiento y los comentarios a menudo injustos y difamatorios sobre el burro. Este Manualprofesionaldel burro constituye una fuente de información completa y necesaria sobre el cuidado del burro, así como el origen de éste, su tratamiento y su nutrición. Tengo confianza en que este libro será muy útil en el ámbito internacional, ya que representa una guía completa sobre la salud del burro, basada en hechos. Gran parte de la información es exclusiva y casi nunca figura en libros de textos referentes a caballos. Estoy orgulloso del Refugio de los Burros por su iniciativa en producir esta nueva edición actualizada, que no sólo ayudará al burro, sino que también promoverá la salud y el bienestar de aquellas personas que dependen del burro. PREFACIO Dra. Elisabeth D. Svendsen, M.B.E. el burro y la mula no sólo han sido los animales más usados, sino también los más abusados de la historia. El burro ha sido explotado por el hombre durante cientos de años, pero a pesar de ello, hasta ahora poco se ha hecho para estudiar cualquier aspecto relativo a este equino. Grandes sumas se han invertido en el estudio de caballos por sus ricos propietarios, pero el dueño del burro en el extranjero pertenece a las clases sociales más bajas, a menudo incapaces de permitirse la sanidad para sus hijos, y mucho menos tratamiento veterinario para el burro. Incluso hoy, el burro estoico y trabajador no es comprendido por su dueño y, por desgracia, también a menudo por los veterinarios. En los países en vías de desarrollo, la pobreza de los propietarios de este tipo de animales, impide que los veterinarios sean consultados, y en países m ' ás prósperos donde se ofrece atención veterinaria, este profesional tiende a tratar al burro como si fuera un caballo pequeño. En un intento de corregir esta situación, el Refugio de los Burros, produjo el Manualprofesional del burro, en 1986, con las contribuciones de expertos de varios campos. Sus conocimientos han tenido un impacto en el bienestar del burro en el mundo. Hemos distribuido este Ebro gratuitamente a casi todas las universidades que cuentan con la disciplina de las ciencias veterinarias. Hasta ahora este manual es la única guía de formación sobre burros disponible a estudiantes. El Manual profiesional del burro contiene información basada en la experiencia del Departamento de Veterinaria y de los herreros del Refugio, y aporta consejos prácticos y profesionales sobre nutrición, cuidado del pasto, tratamiento, exhibiciones, reproducción, etc. Además menciona las leyes de protección del burro aprobadas en el Reino Unido, los problemas de los burros en el extranjero, así como las inmensas compensaciones en cuanto al cariño y la lealtad que este encantador equino tiene que ofrecer.
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