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Wilpf Analysis WILPF ANALYSIS General Debate of the 71st Session of the General Assembly The Women, Peace, and Security programme 20-26 September 2016 Women’s InternaTIONAL LEAGUE FOR PEACE & FREEDOM WOMEN’S INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE FOR PEACE AND FREEDOM [WILPF] Index of Statements made during the General Debate of the 71st Session of the General Assembly (20-26 September 2016) TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction……………………………....….……....1 Overview……………………….…………...….…...1-2 Gender Analysis…….………………...….….…....2-4 Highlights………….……………………………...…..4 Table: Type of Reference by Country……...….…5 Extracts from Statements……….………......…8-61 INTRODUCTION The Gender Index includes all references to gender, women, girls, gender equality, violence against women, and women’s participation made in statements delivered during the general debate of the seventy-first session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). The Gender Analysis includes the data on the references to specific WILPF PeaceWomen ​ themes used by the speakers, including sexual and gender-based violence, participation, and ​ disarmament. WILPF PeaceWomen also provides a gender-specific assessment of the references to specific country situations and determines the number of female speakers. Some statements that were not available in English; therefore, they have been translated and included in the Gender Index and Analysis. OVERVIEW During the general debate, the United Nations Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon, the President of the UNGA, Peter Thomson, country representatives from one hundred and ninety-three ​ ​ (193) member states, and two observer delegations put forth their concerns, positions and priorities under the theme, “The Sustainable Development Goals: A Universal Push to Transform Our World.” The debate provided an opportunity to evaluate progress one year on from adoption of the 2015 Sustainable Development Goals within the context of other milestones including the three 2015 peace and security reviews. Spotlighting examples of persistent inequality around the globe and ​ highlighting failures to move the Sustainable Development Agenda forward, world leaders participating in the general debate nevertheless expressed optimism that efforts to promote equitable growth, peace and prosperity would prevail. In this vain, world leaders focused on the ​ ​ promotion and protection of human rights and the urgent need for concerted efforts to resolve conflicts and eradicate terrorism. Other important topics included climate change, situations in ​ the Middle East and Africa and in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), and the ​ ​ conflicts in Syria, Ukraine, and Gaza. A considerable number of leaders also acknowledged the 1 close link between peace and sustainable development and invited all stakeholders to create a variety of partnership to move the post-2015 agenda forward. This year’s general debate was preceded by the first ever High-Level Summit on Refugees and ​ ​ Migrants on 19 September 2016, where leaders discussed a global vision to address the ​ international response to refugee crises, agreed to adopt a declaration on refugees and ​ migrants, and pledged to develop a comprehensive framework for refugee response. ​ GENDERED ANALYSIS Summary WILPF PeaceWomen's analysis of the statements at the general debate reveals that there is certainly much more work to be done to build adequate political will and commitment to gender equality and holistic understanding and implementation of women, peace and security. Out of a total of one hundred and seven (197) statements, one hundred and nine (109) statements (56 percent) contained references to women and gender. Many of these were focused on gender equality and women’s rights since these issues are at the center of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted just last year. However, specific gendered references were included only in thirty-seven (37) statements (18.88 percent). In this regard, the representative of Mali noted that “the employment of youth and women’s empowerment” is one of the best ways “to ensure the implementation of the seventeen (17) Sustainable Development Goals.” However, WILPF PeaceWomen did not locate an in-depth discussion specifically aimed at the women, peace and security agenda. Even though some countries, including Sweden and Croatia, have highlighted the necessity of including women in peace processes, their voices were in the minority. Only a few speakers highlighted the need to ensure greater gender balance in all disarmament discussions. The need to increase women’s participation for a ​ stronger implementation of the SDGs also remained under-prioritised. Regrettably, only eighteen (18) female leaders (9.13 percent) spoke at the general debate. The Debate As noted above, most speakers recognised the need to strengthen gender equality and women’s rights in their statements. Forty-eight (48) member states (48 percent), including Australia, Estonia, Liberia, Lithuania, Slovenia, Thailand, and the Republic of Korea, attached great importance to the goal of achieving gender equality that can unlock the economic potential of women. According to the representative of Sweden, “it is ultimately our task to enhance rights, representation and resources for women and girls all around the world.” Another prevalent theme of the debate was displacement and humanitarian response. Fifty-seven (57) speakers (28.93 percent), including Brazil, Slovakia and Guyana, focused on ​ the rights, concerns, and needs of people in conflict and post-conflict situations, including those affected by conflict-related displacement. However, less than half of these speakers (9.13 ​ percent) expressed an appreciation of the different impact conflict can have on women. ​ Referring specifically to the situation of female refugees and other displaced women and bearing in mind that women and children are the main victims of organised crime of modern slavery, the representative of Liberia called on the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) ​ ​ 2 and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to forge an effective response to resolve the issues of migrant smuggling and human trafficking.” Twenty-two (22) speakers (11.17 percent), including Niger, Luxembourg and Argentina, also emphasised the need to increase women’s protection and address sexual violence in the conflict. The representative of the Netherlands argued that “more consideration is [now] given to the protection of civilians, tackling gender and sexual violence and the importance of establishing the rule of law.” Similarly, twenty (20) speakers (10.15 percent) focused on the ​ prevalence of violence against women in conflict and post-conflict settings. The representative ​ of Morocco, in this vein, underscored that “women still suffer so much violence and discrimination, and the unacceptable increase of sexual violence.” The speakers refrained from linking the issues of disarmament and conflict prevention with ​ gender. However, a few countries constituted an exception from the rule. Only seven (7) speakers (3.5%) of the speakers have discussed the active role of women in disarmament, ​ while one hundred and eleven (111) speakers (56.34 percent) highlighted the critical importance of advancing disarmament. The representative of Guinea, for example, said that “substantial ​ investments in empowerment for women and youth are all the more necessary in the face of the scourges of terrorism, extremism and intolerance, and the illicit traffic of arms and drugs.” Moreover, the representative of Trinidad and Tobago reminded the international community of its action directed towards encouraging women's participation in all disarmament, nonproliferation and arms control decision-making processes at the local, regional and national levels. Only ten (10) speakers (5.07 percent) urged other states to think and collaborate more in terms ​ of conflict prevention. The representative of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in this regards, expressed that the country’s government is committed to humanity, with renewed focus on conflict ​ prevention and resolution, strengthened efforts towards sustainable development, equal opportunities for all, promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls. Despite this statement, the references to conflict prevention were very general and gender-blind. Country-Specific Situations Many member states acknowledged the devastating impact of conflict on people, including women and girls, particularly in Ukraine and Syria. Ninety-five (95) speakers (48 percent) referenced the situation in Syria in their statements. The situation in Syria was generally brought up in the context of disarmament or the refugee crisis. The representative of Turkey noted that in Syria [...], hundreds of thousands of children, women, young and elderly continue to be killed.” The representative of Holy See noted that the international community failed to respond to the hopes and promises of all who consider that region sacred and holy. However, the representatives of members states consistently failed to acknowledge that women have power and agency to participation in finding alternative solutions. The crisis in Ukraine was mentioned less often. Only twenty-two (22) speakers (11.16 percent) have referenced the situation in Ukraine. The situation remains a big concern for the international peace and security. President of the Republic of Bulgaria, for example, claimed 3 that “any attempt to destabilize Ukraine is unacceptable.” The issue of equal participation
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