L-5 NEWS A PUBLICATION OF THE L-5 SOCIETY VOL. 2 NUMBER 10 OCTOBER 1977

In this issue: 1 A Conversation Between Rusty Schweickart and Norie Huddle. What do a NASA astronaut and an Carolyn Henson, Editor environmental activist have in common? Membership Services: Doris Cooper 4 NASA/USSR Cooperation Pact Signed Eileen Asher 6 German Company Blasts Into Space Age. Theo Pirard William Weigle, Administrative Services reports on a West German private company whose “space truck” may revolutionize space freight transport. Board of Directors: Gordon R. Woodcock 7 Saito Calls for Japanese Space Colonies Barbara Marx Hubbard Konrad K. Dannenberg Hon. Edward R. Finch, Jr. 8 The Retainable Expendable. Leonard David reports. James E. Oberg Leonard David J. Peter Vajk OMB Weighs NASA Budget Cut Jack D. Salmon Phillip Parker Schmidt Calls for “Starlaws” An astronaut turned David M. Fradin lawmaker considers the implications of space industries. Romualdas Sviedries Keith Henson Carolyn Henson 9 NASA: Priming the Pump by Kenneth McCormick. William Weigle Mark Hopkins Impatient White House Rejects Proposed Solar Norie Huddle Magoroh Maruyama Power Satellites. Columnist Jack Anderson reports. Harlan Smith Carol Motts 11 So You Want to Lobby? Marc Boone and Carolyn Henson Publication office: The L-5 Society, provide tips for would be lobbyists. 1060 E. Elm, Tucson, Arizona 85719. Published monthly. Subscription: $3.00 per year, included in dues ($20.00 per 14 L-5 and the Jewish Community Bruce Friedman hits the year, students $10.00 per year). ethnic circuit. subscription price to non-members available on request. Second class postage paid at Tucson, Arizona and 16 A Land of Milk and Honey? Not if the bees can’t find additional offices. Copyright ©1977 by their way home, according to Magoroh Maruyama. the L-5 Society. No part of this periodical may be reproduced without written consent of the L-5 Society. The 17 Space Shuttle: Who Can Go? Carolyn Henson learns that opinions expressed by the authors do almost anyone can! not necessarily reflect the policy of the L-5 Society. Membership Services: L-5 Society, 1620 N. Park Avenue, Tucson, 18 Sports In Space. Excerpts from Gerard O’Neill’s High Arizona 85719. Telephone: 602/622- Frontier shows us there may be some frivolous reasons to go 6351 into space, as well. Change of address notices, undeliverable copies, orders for subscriptions, and other mail items are to be sent to: 19 Science Faction Bookshelf by Robert Anton Wilson L-5 Society Membership Services Entertainment 1620 N. Park 20 Tucson, AZ 85719 21 Is There a Mayflower in Your Future? Our cover story -- did you know shuttle orbiter 102, the first to fly in space (scheduled for 1979) hasn’t been named yet? George Koopman hopes to christen her “Mayflower.” A Conversation Between Rusty Schweickart and Norie Huddle by Norie Huddle

NORIE: I’d like to ask what effect the NORIE: I think my reasons are a bit on life extension, or intelligence increase experience of going into space had different, if I may explain. I’ve done quite a and, of course, the whole space program, personally on you, on your consciousness bit of reading about the whole space which has many different aspects being or worldview? concept and I was also up at the UN developed. These offer some tremendous RUSTY: Norie, I have a tough time with Habitat Conference on behalf of the L-5 opportunities and changes in life as a your question. Everybody who has any Society this past year. I came away from whole. However, in all of these, it seems to sensitivity or association with philosophy, that and wrote a fairly extensive report on me that we must get it together on an Eastern thought, the wholistic view, or how I felt about the whole space program. individual level, in other words, become such things, is interested in what Basically, you see, I am an “appropriate more wholly integrated, first with happened to astronauts when they go into technologist” at heart. And yet, some part ourselves and then with others and with space and return. They’re interested of me says that this whole space the biosphere, and with the “flow of life” because Buzz Aldrin came back and had a development concept is also appropriate or God, or whatever you choose to call it. problem with alcohol, divorced his wife, technology . .. just that it happens to be at If we don’t do this, then we’re not and went through a whole bunch of the high technological end of the spectrum solving any of our basic problems. Sure, we problems and became a member of . . . that true appropriate technology must may solve problems on a technological Alcoholics Anonymous-or whatever. embrace the whole length of the spectrum, level, but unless we have an appreciation Anyway, he was an admitted alcoholic and from small to big. of the whole and the nature of reality, then has made almost a profession of confessing RUSTY: “Appropriate” does not we will be overlooking something and before the public the evils of alcohol and necessarily imply, “chop down a tree and simply creating five more new problems in the effects that the program had on him. build it yourself.” the process of solving that first one. Jim Irwin started a whole movement NORIE: Bight. Anyway, what I’ve been For example, if we go out into space and called High Flight. He’s an evangelistic trying to do is look for the common do things in the way they seem to be going preacher and basically ascribes a good bit denominator, the thread that flows now, it seems that we would just create an of his commitment to go into that field on through all our problems. We talk about extension of the arms race out there in his experience during Apollo 15 and technology solving all our problems. I’ve space. This is one thing. It seems too, for walking on the moon, thinking about and been looking at the various elements of another, that in the future we could look realizing the hand of God. what Barbara Hubbard calls the forward to the sort of thing that we had in Al Worden has written books of poetry “evolutionary edge” of different research the creation of the United States: British which quite obviously express a profound and development going on in the United colonies first, which then fought England and deep-seated effect of the experience of States-and elsewhere-today. For and broke away. There are all kinds of going into space. I’ve done a lot of things, example, there’s a lot of work being done scenarios you can create about what might talked about a lot of things . . . which indicate the same kind of effect. Ed Mitchell started the Institute of Noetic Sciences and went into ESP. There have been enough evidences of change of character among the astronauts that the public, and especially people who are sensitive to it, recognize that something is going on with these people. Quite frankly, what this results in is an absolute deluge of people asking exactly the question that you asked now, to the point where you get absolutely sick of it and want nothing more than to deny the whole thing! You want to shut it off because it is so utterly demanding. And’ everyone-and I hate to do this to someone-but basically everybody asks the same question and is looking for magical answers from other people’s experience to solve their problems. happen in space . . .both happy ones and This is the kind of evolutionary process used and kills people, it is negative, black, grim ones. about which Julian Huxley wrote and or an anti-life thing. But the fact of the But it seems to me that it basically comes Teillard de Chardin wrote so eloquently. matter is that if you look at theevolution of down to the consciousness of the This is happening. And in this particular weapons, it is not at all clear that we would individuals involved. So, for that reason, case, this transition, this really major be at the point we are today if it hadn’t been I’m extremely interested in what happens change, this “symbiotic’‘-although this for these weapons. Such things as concern to individuals who go out in space. What may not be quite the right description of for the developing nations, equality, happens when you look back and see the the balance-relationship between man poverty on the global scale, feeding people living Earth floating out in that void. and machine, has evolved to a point where . . . all kinds of things. RUSTY: Let me say this. First, I did this the machine part of it is allowing us to live We are interested in higher things in tape recording (hands me a tape). Well, I now in an environment in which it never some sense because we do have this have talked about this, as I implied a has been possible to live before-that is, deterrent standoff. We have developed moment ago, on many occasions. In some the environment of the space vacuum. And weapons against which basically there is cases with modest success, whereas others that opens up opportunities for the no defense. I hope we don’t find a defense were absolutely rip-roaring flops, and on evolution of life and progression of this against nuclear weapons because by rare occasions, done very well. Luckily -- evolutionary manifestation throughout having this kind of parity, we have not had and there may or may not be any the universe. nuclear war. People are vulnerable and coincidences in the world -- the time when The Earth has been a womb for the they recognize this fact. this tape was made, I happened to do it the development and evolution of One of the things that fascinates me best. intelligence, and I think that it is about this space debate is people like John NORIE: Was it at Lindisfarne? undergoing a very basic and radical change Holt, who in my mind is inexcusably RUSTY: Right. In 1974. I don’t know if now. That is not a motivation-that is just shortsighted, even paranoid. He has you have this tape, but I can loan it to you, an observation. I think you have to be very, religion, but on the other side from the L- and people interested can get hold of it very careful talking about things of this 5ers. I am very nervous about Holt. I through Lindisfarne Association, Box kind because people turn it into religion admire the guy as an educator and it upsets 1395, Southampton, New York 11968. and it becomes a purpose instead of an me that he is so terribly unbalanced when There’s no question at all that everything “awesome observation.” it comes to something like this. True, the came together for me at that point. That NORIE: That seems like a very advocates of space don’t point out the was the best presentation of that total important distinction. shadow side, and also true to a more experience as a human being. RUSTY: It is. It is a crucial distinction. limited extent, it is because some of them NORIE: I’m curious what you feel is the And, as I think I indicated the other day, aren’t sensitive enough to see it or most exciting aspect of space development one of my problems with the L-5 Society is acknowledge it. at this time. that it seems too many of the people in it NORIE: I think it is more that they are RUSTY: I guess that depends on what (although I recognize it is a group with a trying to sell a product. It you’re selling time-frame you want to talk about, Norie. diverse membership, too) have grabbed cars, you don’t point out that it will be NORIE: Let’s start with the long time- onto this aspect as a sort of new religion. I obsolete in 3-4 years, or that you might frame. don’t want to be unfair to those who don’t well have an accident with it. RUSTY: OK, it is the relationship feel this way, but there seems to be a between the environment of space, this tendency for needing a “god” who justifies new environment, and the long-term “what I want to do” as a member of this evolution of the life force or consciousness, group. And it becomes a religious thing. or, if you want to be “chauvinistic,” of And I think that element, where it moves humanity; or, if you want to be religious, away from awe and becomes a “purpose” is of God, the evolution of these as we move a shadow side of religion that makes me out into the universe. very uncomfortable. Whether it is in the I think that’s what we’re doing, without form of space religion, or traditional God anybody here in these buildings at NASA religion, or communism, or what have thinking about it or being aware of it or you. I don’t care what it is. agreeing with it, or being dedicated to it. I NORIE: In other words, using that as a mean absolutely totally separate from religion, or a goal of one’s life and what in my mind is a rather major behavior, it could justify a whole lot of very milestone of “key event” in terms of the unpleasant things to the true believers? development of life or intelligence and its RUSTY: That’s exactly right. And if movement through the physical universe. there is one thing that we need to What we’re doing-and what Gerry understand-and this takes me back to an O’Neill is doing-on a day-today basis, earlier point in the conversation-in terms has very pragmatic, practical, utilitarian, of dealing with O’Neill’s space colony political and other ramifications, concept, any of this stuff, is that the circle justifications, motivations and all the rest of yin-yang exists in all things. There is a of the -ations. But what is really shadow and a light side of every element of happening, taking that long-term view of creation and whether that is war-which life (whether it is a specialized bacterium people love to label “black” and not that exists only in the left ventricle of the “white,” or whether it is space colonies, About the author: Norie Huddle is the leopard frog, or whether it’s a slime mold, which devotees love to paint “white” and author of Island of Dreams, a book on the or whether it’s humanity), it can survive -- not “black,” both are wrong. pollution crisis in Japan. She is co- and move and evolve into more and more I mean, you can condemn the nuclear coordinator of Mobilization for Survival, a complex organisms. bomb, and certainly to the extent that it is group opposing nuclear proliferation.

2 L-5 News, October, 1977 come out OK. We have now found out this he will proceed far too recklessly, and that Who Is John Holt? isn’t true. The same defects of character, when this causes accidents and death, that . . . and why does Rusty intelligence, and imagination that led he will lie to cover it up. Like all snow job Schweickart think he’s those guys to think of the war in Vietnam artists, he will be easy to snow, and the paranoid? in the first place, guaranteed that they program will be absolutely shot through would not be able to fight it realistically or with corruption-again, rather like The following is an excerpt from a long effectively, or to learn from their Vietnam, where the people lower down the letter by John Holt to Stewart Brand dated experiences there, or to make a rational line soon discovered there was no use April 20, 1976. Mr. Holt sent a copy of this decision to leave. The flaws in O’Neill’s taking the truth to the people at the top letter to MIT L-5 reporter Jonah Garbus. character guarantee that he will make a because they didn’t want to hear it. mess of the space project if he gets enough There are many respects in which the money to work seriously on it. Space Colonies proposal as put forward by The fact of the matter is, if the Space O’Neill reminds me of the war in Vietnam. Colonies or Space Exploration research is One in particular is relevant here. It’s hard to proceed, it can probably only be under to remember now, but the people who someone quite a lot like Wendell Berry, planned the war in Vietnam, the someone with a good deal of anguish, a proverbial Best and Brightest, were sense of tragedy in him. I can’t right at the idealists. They meant to do good. And they moment imagine why such a person would had the modern vanity, or hubris, that if we undertake such a work, but that is the sort mix good intentions with sufficient of person you would be looking for, not the John Holt is a teacher and author of technical “know-how” and sufficient Smiling Salesmen we see happily numerous books, most recently Instead of money, we are bound to come out with testifying before Congress, absolutely Education: Ways to Help People Do good results. Take a handful of experts impervious to doubt, difficulty, or danger. Things Better (E. P. Dutton, 1976). At who mean well, give them enough money It seems an absolutely certain thing to me present, Mr. Holt is at work on what he to work with, and things are bound to that if O’Neill is given his big checkbook, describes as a “musical autobiography.”

RUSTY: That’s right. People who sell purposely to cooperative international contained in those pictures. cars don’t go around showing pictures of efforts. If you go the other way-that is to NORIE: Are these available to anyone? people wrapped around bridges or trees or say, we only start things when we, have RUSTY: That’s the point. These are banging into one another, or blood all over agreed to international efforts-then United States satellites, done with the the streets. However, part of it is that the nothing happens. You just have debating United States taxpayers’ money, but we are guy who sells the cars assumes that the groups and nothing in the world goes on. a global citizen and we have a very specific customer is aware of those realities. And it The model I think works well is the and hard and fast policy that everyone of is in somewhat the same way the NASA is model we have used in NASA. We have a those images is open to everyone for, charged with the development of the use of kind of unique charter as a Federal frankly, less than the cost of of space. And you’re not going to develop the independent agency in that we are given reproduction. So the data center in Sioux use of space by talking about the fact that, authority in our charter to establish Falls, South Dakota, literally sells those yes, if you develop high power lasers, you cooperative ventures and programs with satellite images now to . . . I’d make a guess can put them in orbit and point them at the other nations without going through the between 100 and 200 nations. . . including ground, and maybe-although technically State Department. Russia directly and China indirectly I’m not sure that it’s even possible-do NORIE: That’s very interesting. Have through an intermediary. damage on the ground. I mean, the you done this? NORIE: Going back to the discussion atmosphere does get in the way. RUSTY: Oh yes! Now, I don’t want to between you and Timothy, then you were NORIE: The other day when you and overstate this because there are lots of good just saying that our history as a nation is of Tim (Leary) were talking at the National people in the State Department, but if you people who take off and do new things, the Space Institute conference, I felt a bit take the State Department as an so-called “pioneer spirit?” somewhat uncomfortable with one of the institution, we have basically dragged the RUSTY: I’m saying that the United exchanges that went on right at the end. It State Department along in lots of our States is the institutional location of the had to do with strong statements by each of international activities. I’m just absolutely place in which there has evolved the you that you felt the whole space program delighted with the degree of international highest level of sensitivity to the should be carried out by the United States. cooperation that we have in our NASA environment, to the development of I am a very strong advocate of an program. We’ve got lots of things going technology in a form that is useful to international and cooperative effort. there. people. We took off, after the industrial RUSTY: Let me short-circuit this. You For example, we are developing -- and revolution because of our own wealth in needn’t worry. The fact of the matter is -- have flown, since 1972 -- resource satellites natural resources and the basic nature of and I am sure the same is true with Tim -- which make beautiful pictures of the Earth the American character (which goes along we may have been making a lot of and which also contain very valuable with the types of people who immigrated assumptions of which you might not have information about the surface of the Earth here). And it’s the kinds of people who been aware. . . . about the state of the wheat crop in came to a frontier that characterized and I’ve been in this game long enough that I Russia or China, or assessing the total still characterizes America. We’re a group know two things: first, real international volume of forests in the developing world, of doers, not a group of people who sit cooperation depends on individuals and or the location of unknown shoals in around in endless debates. That’s not on the system; and second, if you want shallow seas which are a danger to dangerous in a way. There’s a good side real international cooperation, you shipping. . .there’s a tremendous amount and a bad side to that. actually start to do things and open it up of valuable economic information NORIE: The yin-yang again?

3 RUSTY: Right. But this a fact. And as a another side of their feelings of those in remember that not all the natural resources result, we have ended up ahead of the rest developing countries, a side which I quite we handle are consumed here. of the world in terms, first, of just rampant empathize with. That is, they see us as a NORIE: Sure. I think what we see, development of physical and material country whose population is about 6% of however, is that the United States-and systems. And because of that, we’re the first the world’s people, but we are consuming probably most countries in her position to see the limitations of that mode. well over 30% of the world’s resources. would do the same-wants to have control In the ‘50’s and the ‘60’s, it became quite They see their getting higher technology as of the purse strings, of the financial apparent, and those realizations are now a chance to close the gap. arrangements. being reflected in the ’70s. The limitations RUSTY: You have to be careful when RUSTY: Yes. And, in fact, other of unrestricted technology are pretty clear you estimate consumption. We do have countries with resources are trying to get to all of us and so we’re a good bit more high consumption, but you have to control. The OPEC nations are an careful. subtract out of that consumption the stuff excellent example of this. But if you look at the developing that goes back abroad in the form of NORIE: I think it is important to countries, the same ones that are foreign aid and products. remember here that many of those who complaining about the disparity between NORIE: But United States corporations engineered this OPEC thing, were trained them and the West, they’re the ones who make considerable profit on those in our very own Harvard Business School. are demanding the technology. And with products and are busy building and RUSTY: Sure. very little judgment about what, in the expanding markets in those countries. NORIE: But even if other countries long range, is good and bad. RUSTY: Oh, sure. As I say, there is high would do the same thing, we are doing it NORIE: Rusty, I’d like to point out consumption, but I feel it’s important to because of our position as a sort of NASA/USSR Cooperation Pact Signed NASA and the USSR Academy of conduct a series of phased studies of an Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Sciences has agreed on further cooperation international space platform, or station. If Outer Space for Peaceful Purposes in manned space flight. The agreement such studies establish a consensus on the between the USSR and the USA, dated May was signed May 6, 1977, by Dr. Alan M. objectives of future space stations, further 24, 1972, and taking into account the Lovelace, then Acting Administrator of studies would be undertaken to explore results of discussions held in Washington, NASA, and May 11, by Anatoly P. possible agreement on their conceptual October 19-22, 1976, between the Aleksandrov, the President of the Academy design. delegation of the USSR Academy of of Sciences of the Soviet Union. Neither side is committed to steps Sciences, headed by the Chairman of the The agreement is designed to provide beyond the initial studies and each reserves Intercosmos Academician B. N. Petrov, continuity of the joint technical, scientific the right to proceed with its independent and the Delegation of the National and operational capability developed national space-station interests. The Aeronautics and Space Administration of through the highly successful Apollo agreement does, however, establish the the USA, headed by the NASA Deputy Soyuz rendezvous and docking mission possibility that the two sides may be able to Administrator, Dr. A.M. Lovelace, the conducted in July 1975. Three joint combine their space station interests to Academy of Sciences and NASA agree to working groups will prepare some degree, thereby offering potential undertake the following steps for further recommendations for two new programs, economies and efficiencies. development of cooperation between the one dealing with orbital human flight The full text of the agreement follows. USSR and USA in the exploration and use activities and the other with a possible “In accordance with the Agreement on of outer space for peaceful purposes.” international space station. The first working group will begin studies soon on scientific and applications programs that may be conducted in joint operations of the American Space Shuttle and the Soviet Salyut space station in the early 1980’s. A second working group simultaneously will develop plans for these joint operations. The two groups will seek to define projects that might benefit from the flexible delivery capability and large capability for longer stay-time in orbit represented by the Soviet Salyut. The emphasis will be on a “science first” program which will take advantage of these capabilities and fully justify the contemplated joint operation. Studies of the Shuttle/Salyut program should be completed within 18 to 24 months, and should produce recommendations for consideration by both sides. The agreement also established a third joint working group whose task will be to

4 L-5 News, October. 1977 “whipping boy.” RUSTY: Which isn’t to say that we’re better than anyone else, we just happen to be out front in this. And this has come about for a variety of historical reasons. So we are foremost in the exploitation of technology, and we see both the limitations of it and the opportunities and we have a responsibility to use and direct this talent or position to good end. NORIE: What are some of the reasons people give you for opposing the space colonies project? RUSTY: One of the big objections I’ve run into is that just about the time we’re developing an environmental conscious- ness around the planet, as having to care for our nest, along comes another frontier, and we go right back into the cowboy- frontier mentally. And, boy, this is a strong gut reaction. And in fact, I was talking recently to Dr. Fletcher about just this thing. It is tied up in the word frontier. It is -- it is a space frontier. The problem is that people look at a frontier as a Frontier: Put a bag over its head and every frontier is identical. What a contact, and if so, is there any indication RUSTY: (pause) Well, that is certainly bunch of garbage! To me the interesting that they have also undergone the same what I said. Now, I guess the question is thing about this is that the frontier in kind of consciousness changes? whether I think that is all L-5 can do. Let space, embodied in the space colony, is one RUSTY: To answer this briefly, the me be totally frank, Norie. I don’t think it in which the interactions between humans answer is no. Nobody has communicated makes any difference at all what I think and their environment is so much more that well yet because of the language about the L-5 Society. I think they should sensitive and interactive and less tolerant barrier. Some of the astronauts have do what they think is responsible as a of irresponsibility than it is on the whole studied Russian, but it is a long way from group. surface of the Earth. We are going to learn being adequate for deep philosophical Nevertheless as I said earlier in the about how to relate to the Earth and our questions. And the same for their speaking discussion, I really am nervous about the own natural environment here by looking English. We can get along, in terms of tendency toward the true believer in the L- seriously at space colony ecologies. It is an getting our jobs done. But in terms of 5 Society. And, if a group which is really incredible learning tool. getting to know one another at that level, fanatical about something really starts So that frontier is totally the opposite that has not happened. Now, there have pushing it, they can really do a lot of harm. from the usual concept of frontier. In fact, been intimations that there is that interest, Now let me say that on the other hand -- in the winter issue of the Coevolution but it is very, very tenuous and, to my as I discussed with Stuart and he printed in Quarterly, there is an article where George knowledge, it has not been pursued. the Coevolution Quarterly a couple issues Woodwell and Dan Botkin and John and NORIE: I’d like your comment on how back -- to me, one of the best things in the Nancy Todd and Lynn Margulis and Juan do you think that a group like the L-5 world that could happen is that a lot of Oro and a lot of other ecologists, and me, as Society might better relate to and have a energy from society outside of the an interloper sitting there, have been better impact on the whole course of space government and outside of the whole talking about space colony ecologies. And development? institutional setup deal with and recognize after talking about it from a space colony RUSTY: I guess I would see the primary the space colony question/challenge/ point of view, people begin to realize that contribution of the L-5 Society as being opportunity as something that belongs the basic nature of that challenge, from a able to communicate with younger people with the people and not something that professional ecologist’s point of view, that who, for one reason or another, have belongs with the government or NASA. the kind of understanding of ecological or written off all agencies like NASA and all Whether that’s individual courses in life systems necessary to enable one to activities like space development as being colleges, whether that’s individual move on seriously with some concept of thoroughly a negative kind of thing. colleges, people, organizations like the L-5 space colonies, is going to serve as a focal For the student population, the L-5 Society, an offshoot of the Star-Trekkies . . . point for much broader understanding of Society probably can break through those or whatever . . . in fact, the more the our own Earth ecology. It is a very kinds of barriers better than something like merrier. interesting thing to watch people realize NASA as an institution can-or even a guy There is such a host of things which this. The article in the Coevolution like O’Neill, who, for all of his brilliance, need serious looking at, and O’Neill Quarterly serves notice that the is not that good at communicating with a doesn’t need to run it all, either. Lots of community has to get serious in lookingat certain group of people. He is great with people can do lots of things. NASA the feasibility of a closed space ecology. people who are already technology- shouldn’t run it, O’Neill shouldn’t run it, NORIE: To shift again, and, I’m sorry oriented. But I don’t think he’s that everyone should be encouraged to but it means going back to the whole effective with those who are not. contribute to it. The task belongs to the consciousness question again, have the NORIE: What I hear you saying then, is public and people should take the task American and Russian astronauts had any that L-5 Society can do a PR job? seriously. •

5 German Company Blasts Into Space Age by Theo Pirard European correspondent, Belgium

OTRAG or “Orbital Transport-und Raketen-Aktiengesellschaft” is a private society, created in West-Germany, which is making proposals for launching geostationary or heavy payloads with a modular launch vehicle. They project launch costs cheaper than the NASA space shuttle! OTRAG is working on the development of these standardized modules which will be used for the assembly of its “space truck.” On May 17, 1977, the first modular rocket, developed by OTRAG, was successfully launched from a rustic launch pad, established in the South-Eastern territory of Zaire. It was the first German launch of a large rocket since the IInd World War and the V-2 missiles. The OTRAG vehicle was an assembly of four “pipe” tanks and of four ablative motors, was 9 m long, weighed 2.5 tons and the 4 clustered engines of 3 tons thrust each gave a total thrust of 12 tons. With only partially filled tanks, the OTRAG rocket Dr. Lutz T. Kayser, President of OTRAG, showing a Using partially filled fuel tanks, the rocket reached an reached an altitude of more than 10,000 m. model of the “space truck.” altitude of somewhat over 10 kilometers.

The first OTRAG rocket: an assembly of 4 independent 1st OTRAG rocket is launched successfully from Manono. modules which burn diesel oil and nitric acid. North of Shaba.

6 L-5 News, October, 1977 Students Evaluate . . . more on OTRAG Space Industries

This test was important, because it George Washington University verified the OTRAG concept of a powerful management science professor Stuart low-cost booster, which burns very cheap Umpleby and Dr. James K. Wertz of propellants in small and simplified Computer Sciences Corp. have joined engines, uses nitric acid for oxidizer and forces this fall to teach “An Evaluation of normal Diesel-oil as fuel. The most Space Industrialization”. powerful model of OTRAG rockets would In a show of impartiality, the instructors be a heavy launch vehicle, able to put 10 have given students their choice of either tons into a 300 km orbit or 1.5 tons into G.K. O’Neill’s The High Frontier or T.A. geostationary orbit (36,000 km high); this Heppenheimer’s Colonies in Space as big rocket would be a compound with 600 textbooks. Required texts are Space basic units; its weight would exceed 1000 Settlements, A Design Study (NASA SP- tons, its length would be approximately 40 413) and a compilation of special readings m and its total thrust would be about 1600 prepared for the course by the National tons at lift-off. The 600 modular units Space Institute. must be clustered in three packages, Solar Energy Calendar equivalent to the stages of the conventional launchers. 18-19 OCT 1977: Atlanta, GA. Solar It was needed to find an appropriate Total Energy Systems Workshop. Contact: launch site, near the Equatorial line, in Lyle Wetherholt. Sandia Laboratories, order to have an easy access to the Albuquerque, NM 87115, 505-264-7017. geostationary orbit. OTRAG and the 3-6 NOV 1977: Anaheim, CA. Energy Government of Zaire concluded together Fair ‘77. Contact: Shirley Solomon, Energy an agreement for the establishment of a Fair, Inc., 15915 Asilomar Blvd., Pacific large firing range on a territory of 38,000 Palisades, CA 90272, 213-459-1050 or 459- miles2 (100,000 km2). OTRAG is building 2777. its space launch facilities on a plateau of 5-7 DEC 1977: Miami Beach, FL. 1300 m altitude. These facilities are located Alternative Energy Sources: A National near the small city of Manono, North of Symposium. Contact: Dr. Nejat Vaziroglu, Shaba. From there, site of the May 17 Director, Clean Energy Research Institute, launch, the “space truck” will be fired in OTRAG’s launch facility in Zaire, used for the May 17 University of Miami, P.O. Box 248294, the early 1980’s. launch. Coral Gables, FL. 33124.

Saito Calls for Japanese Space Colonies

An ad hoc committee of the Japanese will not be limited to installing scientific be developed and launched into low orbit Space Activities Commission (SAC) equipment on board shuttle orbiter, but around 1990 using a cluster of liquid- chaired by Dr. Shigefumi Saito filed a actual chartering of the shuttle and even hydrogen fueled rockets called H-l (with a report with SAC July 28 exploring wide- having Japanese scientists on board is diameter of three meters) and H-2 (with a range possibilities for Japanese space under consideration. Eventually, Japanese diameter of five meters.) development activities during the last space activities would include a human Space developments contemplated for quarter of this century. space flight program with development of Japan to undertake in the next 25 years The 250-page report will be used by SAC spacecraft and launch vehicles undertaken cover a wide range of activities. Japanese in formulating a 15-year space on its own, to meet requirements of the age scientists and engineers are visualized as development policy outline as well as of space stations. using satellites and spacecraft as intermediate working program covering Specifically the report proposes that observatories for scientific exploration of period of three to five years. It is a product Japan should charter the shuttle in 1982 to space, as lighthouses in space for ships and of a 2.5 year study performed by the ad hoc conduct useful scientific experiments and aircraft, as communication towers in space committee with cooperation of 30 top-level put Japanese scientists aboard the shuttle and as a base for supporting ground space scientists and engineers in Japan. orbiter in 1983. Plans beyond that call for operations. Spacecraft will also be used as Titled “Long-range Vision on Japan’s starting work for domestic development of laboratories for physical and chemical Space Development,” the report calls a piloted spaceship and launch vehicle -- research and experiment, as materials among other things for Japanese beginning with trial manufacturing of a 5- processing plants, as biological participation in the U.S. Space Shuttle ton unpiloted spaceship and putting it on experiment stations, and as space colonies. project while pursuing the already board the shuttle around 1985, to test ocean The report also envisages Japanese established independent development surface recovery. Subsequently, a 10 to 15 exploration of the moon, planets and course. Participation in the Space Shuttle ton spaceship for a crew of up to three will comets.

7 The Retainable Expendable OMB Weighs NASA by Leonard David The only throw-away part of the Budget Cut upcoming NASA Space Shuttle program for the 1980’s may have found a new lease material into space and make as many as on life and could lead to early development Budget Director Bert Lance, who 100 trips. of an inhabited Space Station. recently resigned under fire, is reported to Carter’s budget for fiscal 1978 provides According to NASA engineers at have told a group after touring Edwards $4 billion for NASA, about the same NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Air Force Base in California, where the amount the Ford administration gave the Alabama and Grumman Aerospace shuttle is being tested, that the National agency this year. Corporation in New York, the only non- Aeronautics and Space Administration is But Lance reminded reporters in reusable part of the Shuttle’s propulsion being asked to “reassess its priorities.” California that the 1978 budget was largely system, the External Tank (ET), could be Lance did not present details, but said put together before Carter took office and used as a core of a space platform for the the space agency’s share of the federal only the 1979 budget would accurately mid-1980’s. budget-as well as expenditures by other reflect the President’s budgetary views. The external tank, measuring 48 meters agencies-would have to be measured in He emphasized that the administration (157 feet) x 8 meters (28 feet), carries over light of seeking a balanced budget and remains committed to “zero-based” 703,000 kilograms (1,550,000 lbs) of liquid financing social programs. budgeting by which every agency of oxygen and liquid hydrogen powering the It remained unclear what such a government is required to reassess its Shuttle Orbiter’s three Main Propulsion reassessment would mean to the projects spending goals. Engines. Working in tandem with the two for which the space shuttle craft is being As a result, he said, there will be “a solid strap-on engines, which are designed. The craft, which is scheduled to redirection of programs” in various parachuted back to earth for reuse in a be launched in March 1979, would be agencies including those dealing with the future Shuttle flight, the tank is capable of carrying 65,000 pounds of space industry. unceremoniously “dumped” into a predetermined remote area of ocean after its work is done. The tank would be Spacelab modules, or even both, extending damaged beyond repair on impact. the station’s capabilities. The platform Schmidt Calls For However, NASA engineers see a brighter could be used in a number of ways, future for the tank. According to James providing ample laboratory space to “Starlaws” Kingsbury, director of the Science and conduct space processing experiments, or Engineering Directorate at the Marshall manufacturing large space structures. Sen. Harrison Schmidt, (R-N.M.), Space Flight Center, a major space Although far from being an “on-going” ranking minority member of the Senate platform could be placed in Earth orbit in concept, as a target, the current studies are Commerce Committee Subcommittee on less time than earlier believed, using the directed to an initial launch in calendar Science, Technology and Space and former Space Shuttle’s External Tank. “From this years 1983-1984. Kingsbury feels that the Apollo astronaut, recently advised the permanent space platform,” Kingsbury current studies indicate a permanent space American Bar Association that “An believes, “the real business of space platform, using the external tank method, instantaneous and continuous view of utilization can begin.” could be in earth-orbit at a fraction of the earth and its total environment makes The new NASA thinking would have a cost now estimated for a new possible a wide spectrum of space Shuttle keep its External Tank and carry it developmental program, and at an earlier activities. . . Starlawyers must quickly directly into orbit, “parking” it in a time frame than once thought. come to grips with the implications of this specified location in space. This tank, Use of the ET method, even though new view of Earth. . . There are numerous empty of its liquid propellants, would be NASA hates to admit it, may be the only legal and regulatory questions that arise “off’loaded” before launch of some 2,000 alternative for an unwilling Administra- when one contemplates solar power cubic feet of liquid oxygen, normally tion that, as yet, has declined to provide systems in synchronous orbit around the carried in the top portion of the tank. This NASA with substantial funding for large earth. How do we establish national empty space would hold equipment and space stations. Even though the external and/or international rates for power supplies to handle a small crew for 90 days tank concept could provide experience in generated and transmitted to receiving of habitation in orbit. building large habitats in space, NASA points on earth? As more and more men A second Shuttle launch would carry would much rather build all new and women work in space stations like into orbit both an Airlock Module and a hardware, specifically designed for space this, what laws and judicial system will Multiple Docking Adapter, complete with station construction. govern their interrelationships? solar electric conversion wing. All “Possibly the most urgent area of elements would be docked and clustered to Frosch Wins Prize starlaw . . . is the extension of medical, the external tank, with the second Shuttle NASA Administrator Dr. Robert A. corporate and patent law to cover the providing a crew to live in the platform. Frosch has been awarded the L-5 Editor’s infinite range of treatment, research and The assignment of this first crew would Proofreading Prize. The reward? A public industrial activities that will soon begin in involve final construction of the crew’ apology from editor Carolyn Henson, who space. Precedents are being set which may quarters and establish structural integrity let one caption and two headlines slip by not be in the right direction either with of the entire platform. which referred to someone named respect to the interests of business, the Expansion of this basic tank design “Frosh.” Additional proofreaders for the interests of future consumers or the could include additional external tanks, L-5 News are being sought avidly. interests of our country.”

8 L-5 News, October, 1977 NASA: Priming the Pump by Kenneth McCormick

In discussing the space industrialization Thus stated, the attitude in question can interlibrary loan. The book costs about $30 concept with friends and acquaintances, I be shown to rest upon two fallacies: (1) that new. The papers may be purchased from have discovered that what often underlies a NASA is a drain on public finances at a the National Technical Information seeming indifference to the subject in some time when more money must be spent on Service, Springfield, VA. 22161. A people is a basic hostility toward NASA. social programs, and (2) that a political reference librarian can be of assistance in Whatever merit space industrialization problem will yield to a technological placing an order with NTIS. may have in its own right, it is inseparable, solution. The U.S. owes its high standard of living in the minds of virtually everyone I have I would like to recommend four studies to high worker productivity. talked to, from the history of the space which seem to me to be must reading for Technological advances increase program. The space program, judging anyone promoting space ventures. productivity. As less labor is needed per from references in the mass media, is 1. The Political Economy of the Space unit of output, unit labor costs are lowered regarded by most to be a great thing, but Program, by Dr. Mary A. Holman. Palo which leads to lower prices. As prices are neither justifiable as an extravagant Alto: Pacific Books, 1974. lowered (or at least grow at a less rapid expenditure of tax dollars, nor of any 2. “Economic Impact of Stimulated rate), disposable income of consumers discernable benefit to the average citizen. Technological Activity”, Midwest becomes greater. As consumers gain As a political statement, this attitude Research Institute, Kansas City, MO., greater purchasing power, they demand most often takes form as what has become November, 1971. more goods and services, which are now one of the truly great cliches of our time: 3. “Quantifying the Benefits to the available due to increased productivity. “Why are we spending all that money and National Economy From Secondary The Chase Econometric study effort in space, when there is so much to be Applications of NASA Technology”, demonstrated that NASA spending, in its done here on earth?” Proponents of this Mathematica, Inc., Princeton, N. J. long term effects, is quite uncharacteristic position usually offer as examples of what 4. “The Economic Impact of NASA R & of government spending in general. NASA needs to be done here on earth: the D Spending”, Chase Econometric mission oriented R & D has been shown to elimination of poverty, improving public Associates, Inc., Bala Cynwyd, Pa. April, be as effective in producing economic transportation, “cleaning up” the 1976. stimulation as any more highly diffuse R & environment, and ending the spread of Few public libraries have any of these D effort. The measured relationship urban sprawl. studies, but they can be gotten via between NASA R & D spending and technological progress was introduced into a number of simulations to measure the overall impact on the economy. It was found that if NASA R&D spending (R & D Impatient White House accounts for about three-quarters of the total budget) were increased by $1 billion in 1975, and if the increase were sustained rejects proposed at that level, the GNP would be $43 billion greater by 1988 than it would have been without a NASA increase. For a $14 billion solar-energy satellites investment over that period of time, there would be a return to the economy during By Jack Anderson the same period of $225 billion. Also, by 1984 the Consumer Price Index would be WASHINGTON-Americans are in a frames would have a thin cover, dotted reduced to the extent of 2% lower than tizzy over the box office smash movie, “Star with millions of tiny solar power cells. would otherwise be expected, the total Wars.” What they don’t realize is that our The project would take years of research number of jobs available would be 800,000 own space agency is ahead of “Star Wars” and cost millions of dollars. Space greater than would otherwise be expected, in some of its concepts. officials, therefore, have turned to the Index of Labor Productivity would be U.S. space scientists have come up with a Congress for help. They contacted House 2% higher, and the rate of inflation would futuristic scheme, for example, to supply Democratic leader James Wright of Texas, be 5.3%, rather than the expected 5.8%. the United States with all the energy it who recently arranged for the space experts Simulations using figures of $100 million needs from outer space. It’s a type of solar to brief White House energy czar James to $500 million showed proportional energy with a “Star Wars” twist. Schlesinger and Budget Director Bert results. The National Aeronautics and Space Lance. A decrease in NASA spending of $1 Administration would like to launch 20 To Wright’s dismay, the White House billion would have reverse effects of the giant satellites that would transform rejected the space project-at least for now. same magnitude. sunlight into electricity. The scientists White House officials called solar-electric Since the federal budget is about 20% of claim that 20 satellites, microwaving the satellites a long-term solution. They want the GNP, we can see that if NASA were to energy to earth, would be enough to immediate results. consume an extra $19 billion of public supply the entire nation. The space experts, nevertheless, are finances ($14 billion for R & D, $5 billion The solar-electric satellites would certain the solar satellites will work. So the for construction and administration) over resemble enormous Venetian blinds. Each day may come when our energy will come a 14 year period, federal finances would would measure several miles long. The from outer space instead of underground. increase by about $28 billion (20% of $225

9 billion from R & D and $10 billion from explore and exploit space is quite apart moon, were always the ideal the demand effects of other expenditures, from the question of whether or not representations of the establishment minus the $19 billion investment) as the poverty should be permitted to continue in organization man. At a time when it was tax base expanded. So much for the this country. becoming ever more clear to all that the assertion that NASA is a drain on public No amount of technological establishment had denied full finances. So much, also, for the assertion brainstorming by NASA rocket scientists participation in society to great numbers that NASA produces little in the way of will solve any problem of a social nature. It of people, a prominent display of macho tangible benefits for the average citizen. I has been suggested that NASA talent could potency on the part of the establishment, as have found few things more persuasive to improve public transit systems. This has, seen in the first great rocket flights, was out the political opinion of the man in the in fact, happened, but the automobile of place. (The skeptic may note that many street than money in the bank. remains the preferred means of people joked after the U.S.’ first satellite’s The influence of stimulated transportation because the government launch failure that the U.S. had failed to technological activity should be spends many times as much to improve “get it up.“) considered in assessing the possible cost highways as to improve mass transit. To the degree that a person is alienated benefit ratio of space industrialization. Hence, this is a social problem. from the mainstream of society, that The economic benefits which would be Anyone appreciative of the person will tend to view the success of reasonably expected to come out of the R & subconscious determinants of political space ventures as a cause for jubilation in D investment in the development of space behavior will probably agree that much of the camp of his or her enemies. If we are to would probably go a long way toward the cause of hostility engendered by NASA get general agreement on the desirability of paying for the entire project. I am referring is symbolic in nature. NASA’s crew-cut, the further use of space, then people will here, to government-funded space middle-class astronauts, with their have to come to realize that it is, and always development, and not to development by technical jargon, conspicuous has been, something that benefits private sector investment. consumption, A-OK’s and golf on the everyone. I would also like to recommend to L-5 Society members two booklets which describe some qualitative effects of NASA R & D. 1. “Why Space is Important to Our Future”, available free of charge from the office of Public Relations, Rockwell International, Space Division, 12214 Lakewood Boulevard. Downey, CA. 90214. 2. “Spinoff 1977”, free from the Office of Public Relations, NASA Headquarters, 306 Maryland Ave., Washington, D.C. 20546. (This 116 page booklet also has some dazzling color illustrations of Pioneer spacecraft, the Large Space Telescope, Shuttle, etc.) One example of a NASA spinoff is a computerized X-ray scanning device which replaces exploratory surgery. There is no anesthesia, no pain, and no hospitalization, since the operation can now be performed on an out-patient basis. Another example is the Meal System for the Elderly, which will result in better nutrition for the handicapped or infirm. These are the sort of technological advancements that it is difficult to place a monetary value on. Congress displayed a lack of wisdom in allotting $16 billion for the creation of new jobs during 1977, while eyeing the already slim NASA budget for the possibility of further cuts. The $4 billion NASA budget provides more jobs, in the long run, than the $16 billion voted for make-work. Cutting back on NASA funds in order to get more money to eliminate poverty makes no sense, of course, since the Chase study shows that this action would, over time, create more new poverty than the money taken from NASA could eliminate. Any attempt to end poverty which would attack the means of production will benefit no one. The question of whether or not to

10 L-5 News, October, 1977 So You Want to Lobby?

by Marc Boone

If you write to legislators . . . Ask them These pages will probably be routed to the “Congress in session is Congress on to vote a specific way, support a staff person handling the issue and so will exhibition, Congress in committee is specific amendment, or take a specific have more impact. Congress at work.” 3. Do not write about more than one action. Otherwise you will get a -- Woodrow Wilson “motherhood” response. They will issue in each letter. That only confuses the staff and dilutes your impact. say in a general way, “Of course I am 4. Don’t use a form letter. It only takes 10. It is always wise to try to meet the in favor of the space shuttle, solar minutes to write a few sentences of your Congressperson (if you can do so without power satellites” or whatever you own, and such a letter is much more alienating him or her.) Then you can refer asked. Then they might vote the effective. Try to add a few sentences about to your meeting in the first few sentences of wrong way. the issue’s impact on the legislator’s your letter. Call the district office to ask for district. a schedule of office hours and public The basic means by which a 5. If you write to a Congressperson who meetings. Congressperson keeps in contact with his is not your own, try to think of a relative or 11. Do not come on like a crackpot. If or her district is through letters. Never friend in his or her district that you can you support the space program because underestimate their importance. mention; i.e., “although I am not now you want to see star ships or meet Telephone calls to the local office or even living in your district, my family has told extraterrestrials, then write short polite to Washington are often useful, but letters me about your dedication to planetary letters asking your Congressperson for provide the basic demonstration of interest exploration, space industrialization, etc. support for reasons that they would agree and expression of opinion concerning an Also, . . .” Send a copy to your own with. issue. legislator and clearly indicate that you By phone -- To reach Washington The volume of mail a Congressperson or have done so on the bottom of your page. offices of Members of Congress or Senator receives varies with many factors. Otherwise, your letter may be routed to Congressional Committees, dial 202/224- Legislators from primarily rural areas your own Congressperson as a courtesy, 3121 and “the Capitol” will answer and usually receive less mail, but a speech or and the legislator you want to influence give you the proper extension upon newspaper article may stimulate a large will be bypassed. request. volume on a certain day. No matter how 6. If you are writing to criticize or praise By letter-For Senators or Senate many letters are received, each one is opened, a bill, be specific as possible. If you do not Committees, write to: read, and catalogued. Thus, there is a tally know the bill number, try to describe the The Honorable in every Congressperson’s office of voter bill by its precise name, such as the “NASA (or Senate Committee on ) interest and sentiment on different issues. FY ‘78 Appropriations Bill.” United States Senate The legislator is told daily, or at least 7. If you are writing about an Washington, D.C. 20510 weekly, how voter interest is running. He amendment, try to include the bill For Representatives or House or she is told again before a vote. number, who will offer the amendment, Committees, write to: Every Congressperson knows that voters and what the amendment will do. The Honorable are often too apathetic to express their 8. If possible, refer to the (or House Committee on ) preferences in writing. When a person does Congressperson’s past actions on your House of Representatives take the trouble to write, legislators assume issue or some other related issue. Including Washington, D.C. 20515 that the writer’s position must also be held this kind of reference shows that you are Although writing to any legislator is by a large number of other people in the aware of his or her past record and that you helpful, writing to one who sits on one district. In other words, they feel that every are following the issue closely. If you write of the committees which handles the letter represents the sentiments of 50, 100, to the legislator and ask to be included on NASA budget is ten times as good. The or even 500 voters in that district. A letter- the newsletter list, you will become more NASA budget request for the coming year writing campaign, therefore, is an aware of his or her attitudes. goes through four different committees important lobbying tool. There are certain 9. Be specific. Ask him or her to vote a and is voted on four different times on the techniques of letter-writing that you specific way, support a specific floors before it is presented to the should use and recommend to co-workers. amendment, or take a specific action. President. The committees and 1. Always be courteous. Never Otherwise you will get a “motherhood” subcommittes which must be persuaded reprimand legislators for taking the wrong response. The legislator will say in a are presented below in the order that a bill position. Instead, try to convince them to general way, “Of course I am in favor of the reaches them. take the right one-politely. space shuttle, solar power satellites” or What Happens to the NASA 2. Try to keep the letter to one whatever you asked. Then he or she might Appropriations Bill? typewritten page. Complex letters are vote the wrong way. In order to be effective, often put aside to be answered later and you must be specific so you can hold First the bill goes to the HOUSE may lose their effectiveness. If you have legislators accountable for their actions. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY more material than will fit onto one page, COMMITTEE, 2321 RHOB, 202/225- include extra background pages, but label Be courteous . . . . Be specific. . . . Don’t 6371. them clearly as background and put your be a crackpot . . . . . Democrats: name and address on them in a comer. WRITE! Olin Teague, Tex., Chairman

11 Don Fuqua, Fla. Adlai Stevenson, Chairman Clair W. Burgener, Calif. Walter Flowers, Ala. Wendell Ford George M. O’Brien, Ill. Robert Roe, N.J. Russell Long Virginia Smith, Neb. Mike McCormack, Wash. Ernest Hollings and the HOUSE APPROPRIATIONS George Brown, Jr., Calif. Edward Zorinsky SUBCOMMITTEE ON HUD- Dale Milford, Tex. Donald Riegle INDEPENDENT AGENCIES, H-143 Ray Thornton, Ark. Republican: (Capitol), 202/225-3241 James Scheuer, N.Y. Harrison Schmitt Democrats: Dick Ottinger, N.Y. Barry Goldwater Howard P. Boland, Chairman Tom Harkin, Iowa Robert Griffin Bob Traxler Jim Lloyd, Calif. and then is voted on by the Senate. Max Baucus Jerome Ambro, N.Y. Then it goes to the HOUSE Louis Stokes Robert Kreuger, Tex. APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE, H- Tom Bevill Marilyn Lloyd, Tenn. 218 (Capitol), 202/225-2771 Lindy Boggs James Blanchard, Mich. Democrats: Bill D. Burlison Timothy Wirth, Colo. George H. Mahon, Tex., Chairman Bill Alexander Stephen L. Neal, N.C. Jamie L. Whitten, Miss. Republicans: Thomas J. Downey, N.Y. Robert L.F. Sikes, Fla. Lawrence Coughlin Doug Walgren, Pa. Edward P. Boland, Mass. Joseph M. McDade Ronnie G. Flippo, Ala. William H. Natcher, Ky. C.W. Bill Young Dan Glickman, Kans. Daniel J. Flood, Pa. and then is voted on in the House. Then it Bob Gammage, Tex. Tom Steed, Okla. goes to the SENATE APPROPRIA- Anthony C. Beilenson, Calif. George E. Shipley, Ill. TIONS COMMITTEE, 1235 DSOB, 224- Albert Gore, Jr., TEnn. John M. Slack, W. Va. 3471 Wes Watkins, Okla. John J. Flynt, Jr., Ga. Democrats: Richard A. Tonry, La. Neal Smith, Iowa John L. McClellan, Ark., Chairman Republicans: Robert N. Giamo, Conn. Warren G. Magnuson, Wash. John Wydler, N.Y. Joseph P. Addabbo, N.Y. John C. Stennis, Miss. Larry Winn, Jr., Kan. John J. McFall, Calif. Robert C. Byrd, W. Va. Louis Frey, Jr., Ga. Edward J. Patten, N.J. William Proxmire, Wis. Barry M. Goldwater, Jr., Calif. Clarence D. Long, Md. Daniel K. Inouye, Hawaii Gary Myers, Pa. Sidney R. Yates, Ill. Ernest F. Hollings, S.C. Hamilton Fish, Jr., N.Y. Frank E. Evans, Colo. Birch Bayh, Ind. Manuel Lujan, Jr., N.M. David R. Obey, Wis. Thomas F. Eagleton, MO. Carl D. Pursell, Mich. Edward R. Roybal, Calif. Lawton Chiles, Fla. Harold C. Hollenbeck, N.J. Louis Stokes, Ohio J. Bennett Johnston, La. Eldon Rudd, Ariz. Gunn McKay, Utah Walter D. Huddleston, Ky. Robert K. Dornan, Calif. Tom Bevill, Ala. Quentin Burdick, N.D. Robert S. Walker, Pa. bill Chappell, Jr., Fla. Patrick Leahy, Vt. (Minority Vacancy) Bill D. Burlison, MO. James Sasser, Tenn. and then is voted on by the House. Then it Bill Alexander, Ark. Dennis DeConcini, Ariz. goes to the SENATE COMMERCE, Edward I. Koch, N.Y. Republicans: SCIENCE AND TRANSPORTATION Yvonne Brathwaite Burke, Calif. Milton Young, N.D. COMMITTEE, 5202 DSOB, 202/224-5115 John P. Murtha, Mich. Clifford Case, N. J. Democrats: Robert Duncan, Ore. Edward W. Brooke, Mass. Warren G. Magnuson, Wash., Chairman Joseph D. Early, Mass. Mark O. Hatfield, Ore. Howard W. Cannon, Nev. Max Baucus, Mont. Ted Stevens, Alaska Russell B. Long, La, Charles Wilson, Tex. Charles McC. Mathias, Jr., Md. Ernest F. Hollings, S.C. Lindy Boggs, La. Richard S. Schweiker, Pa. Daniel K. Inouye, Hawaii Adam Benjamin, Jr., Ind. Henry Bellmon, Okla. Adlai E. Stevenson, Ill. Norman D. Dicks, Wash. Lowell P. Weicker, Conn. Wendell H. Ford, Ky. Republicans: and the SENATE APPROPRIATIONS John Durkin, N.H. Elford A. Cederberg, Mich. SUBCOMMITTEE ON HUD- Edward Zorinsky, Nebr. Robert H. Michel, Ill. INDEPENDENT AGENCIES, S-128 Donald Riegle, Mich. Silvio O. Conte, Mass. (Capitol), 202/224-7274 John Melcher, Mont. Joseph M. McDade, Pa. Democrats: Republicans: Mark Andrews, N.D. William Proxmire, Chairman Robert P. Griffin, Mich. Jack Edwards, Ala. John C. Stennis Ted Stevens, Alaska Robert C. McEwen, N.Y. Birch Bayh Barry Goldwater, Ariz. John T. Myers, Indiana Walter Huddleston Bob Packwood, Ore. J. Kenneth Robinson, Va. Patrick Leahy Harrison Schmitt, N.M. Clarence E. Miller, Ohio James Sasser John C. Danforth, MO. Lawrence Coughlin, Pa. Republicans: and the SENATE COMMERCE C.W. Bill Young, Fla. Charles McC. Mathias, Jr. SUBCOMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND Jack F. Kemp, N.Y. Clifford P. Case SPACE, 2301 RSOB, 202/224-6477 William L. Armstrong, Colo. Edward W. Brooke Democrats: Ralph S. Regula, Ohio Henry Bellmon

12 L-5 News, October, 1977 and then is voted on by the House and passed to the President. If you want to learn more, the lobbyist’s bible is the Congressional Directory, available from: Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 $6.50

JOP Scoreboard by Carolyn Henson

July 19, 1977 was an historicdate: for the first time, a House committee’s recommendation to delete NASA funds was rejected by Congress. The rescued project? Jupiter Orbiter Probe, the first planetary exploration mission which will be launched by the space shuttle. The House rejected the fund cut by a lopsided margin, 281 to 131. Who were JOP’s opponents? A quick check of the Congressional record reveals that the following Representatives voted for the deletion of JOP: Alexander Gephardt Pritchard Allen Goodling Quie PROBING JUPITER’S ATMOSPHERE -- Red-hot nose cone Andrews. Gudger Quillen the space shuttle -- and will arrive at Jupiter late in 1984. The N. Dak. Harrington Rahall separates from probe portion of Jupiter Orbiter Probe as it probe will enter the sunlit side of Jupiter’s atmosphere and Aspin Heckler Rangel “hangs on the shrouds” and samples the atmosphere of the provide the first direct sampling of that planet's atmosphere. Jet AuCoin Hefner Regula largest planet in the solar system. Painting depicts key moment Propulsion Laboratory has over-all management responsibility Baldus Holtzman Reuss Baucus Hughes Richmond in flight of JOP, the new planetary project planned by Caltech’s for JOP. NASA’s Ames Research Center is responsible for Bauman Jacobs Rodino Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The JOP spacecraft will be development of the probe. Beard. R.I. Jenkins Roncallo launched in January 1982 -- the first planetary mission aboard Bedell Jones, N.C Rooney Beilenson Keys Rose Benjamin Kostmayer Rosenthal Armstrong Clawson, Del. Bennett Krebs Ruppe Fary Jeffords Moorhead, Pa. Stockman Ashbrook Cleveland Fascell Biouin LaFalce Russo Jenrette Moss Stratton Ashley Cohen Fithian Boland Latta Ryan Johnson, Calif. Mottl Stump Badham Coleman Flood Bonior LeFante Schroeder Johnson, Colo. Murphy, Ill. Symms Bafalis Collins, Ill. Flowers Bonker Lederer Shipley Jones, Okla. Murphy, N.Y. Thone Barnard Collins, Tex Flynt Bowen McDade Simon Jones, Tenn. Myers, Gary Thornton Beard, Tenn Conable Foley Brodhead McKay Skubitz Jordan Meyers, John Tucker Bevill Ford, Tenn. Brown. Mich. Mahon Slack Conyers Kasten Nedzi Udall Corcoran Forsythe Broyhill Markey Smith, Iowa Biaggi Kastenmeier Nichols Ullman Butler Marlenee Slarz Bingham Corman Fountain Kazen Nowak Van Deerlin Carr Mazzoli St. Germain Blanchard Cornell Fowler Kelly O’Brien Vander Jagt Boggs Cornwell Cochran Mikva Staggers Frey Kemp Oakar Vento Conte Miller, Calif. Stark Breaux Cotter Fuqua Ketchum Patterson Waggonner Breckinridge Coughlin Miller, Ohio Stoker Crane Gammage Kildee Pattison Walgren Brinkley Cunningham Daniel, R.W. Minish Studds Gaydos Kindness Pease Walker Brooks D’Amours Giamo Danielson Mitchell, Md. Taylor Walsh Broomfield Daniel, Dan Gibbons Krueger Pepper Delaney Moakley Thompson Lagomarsino Perkins Wampler Brown, Calif. Davis Gilmam Dellums Murphy, Pa. Traxler Leach Pettis Watkins Brown, Ohio de la Garza Ginn Dingell Murtha Treen Leggett Pickle Wayman Buchanan Derrick Glickman Duncan, Oreg. Myers, Michael Tsongas Lehman Poage White Derwinski Goldwater Edgar Natcher Vanik Burgener Lent Price Wiggins Burke, Calif. Devine Edwards, Ala. Neal Volkmer Gonzalez Levitas Purcell Wilson, Bob Burke, Fla. Dicks Gore Eilberg Nix Weaver Lloyd, Tenn. Railsbeck Wilson, Tex. Burleson, Tex. Gradison Evans, Colo. Oberstar Weiss Diggs Long, La. Rhodes Winn Burlison, Mo. Dodd Grassley Evans, Ind. Obey Whalen Long, La. Rhodes Winn McFall Findley 0ttinger Whitehurst Guyer Runnels Long, Md. Rinaldo Wirth McHugh Fish Panetta Whitley Hagedorn Santini Lott Risenhoover Wolff Hall Madigan Fisher Patten Whitten Sarasin Lujan Roberts Wright Hamilton Maguire Satterfield Fiorio Pike Wylie Luken Robinson Wydler Hammerschmidt Mann Fraser Pressler Yates Sawyer Lundine Roe Yatron Hanley Marks Scheuer Frenzel Preyer Zablocki McClory Rogers Young, Alaska Hannaford Martin Schulze McClosky Rostenkowski Young, Fla. Hansen Mathis Sebelius Those who voted “nay” (i.e., who McCormack Rousselot Young, Mo. Harkin Mattox Sharp McDonald Roybal Young, Tex. opposed the JOP fund deletion) were: Harris Meeds Shuster McEwen Rudd Zeferetti Abdnor Burton, John Dornan Harsha Metcalfe Sikes Addabbo Burton, Phillip Downey Hawkins Meyner Sisk Those remaining on the sidelines Akaka Byron Drinan Heftel Mikulski Skelton Ambro Caputo Duncan, Tenn. Hightower Michel Smith, Nebr. were: Ammerman Carney Eckhardt Hillis Milford Snyder Badillo Ertel McKinney Anderson, Carter Edwards, Calif. Hollenbeck Mineta Spellman Bolling Fenwick Marriott Calif. Cavanaugh Edwards. Okla. Holt Mitchell, N.Y. Spence Brademas Flippo Nolan Anderson, Ill. Cederberg Emery Hubbard Moffett Stangland Burke, Mass. Ford, Mich. Seiberling Andrews, N.C. Chappell English Huckaby Mollohan Stanton Clay Holland Teague Annunzio Chisholm Erlenborn Hyde Montgomery Steed Dent Horton Trible Applegate Clausen, Evans, Del. Ichord Moore Steers, Dickinson Howard Archer Don H. Evans, Ga. Ireland Moorhead, Calif. Steiger Early Koch

13 L-5 And The Jewish Community or Yiddishkeit in Orbit

by Bruce Friedman

Well, folks, the Allen J. Reiter Lodge of (whom I consider to be my “chief of staff”), in terms of pushing for the construction of B’nai B’rith in Annapolis, Maryland is Jim, and Dr. Herman B. Urbach. Ernie was SPS’s by a space factory using non- getting involved with the drive for space originally somewhat skeptical about solar terrestrial resources. This, hopefully, colonization. How did this come about? power satellites, space factories, and space avoids the “pie-in-the-sky” reaction from Where will this lead? colonies. Now, he has acquired some of my uninformed people upon first hearing The story starts early this year when I enthusiasm for all of these things. In fact, about space colonization. We feel that the decided that I wanted to become more at one of our local B’nai B’rith board notion of people working and living in active in my relations with the Jewish meetings he started referring to the energy space would be thought of more naturally community in my new hometown of committee as being the space committee!! as a corollary to the SPS-space factory Annapolis. I joined B’nai B’rith. About a From the special point of view of the plan. It makes sense to have people living month later, I attended a meeting at the American Jew, what is the appeal of space near their work instead of commuting local Synagogue at which a speaker from colonization and SPS’s? Well, one thought between earth and space constantly. One B’nai B’rith Headquarters gave a talk. It is that American-built and operated SPS’s would think of a company town as being turned out that headquarters did not have mean a U.S.A. independent of energy from an apt comparison. much going in the way of energy policy. Arab oil. In this event, America could What modes of communication does the Not only that, it turned out after I had a formulate solutions to the troubles energy committee utilize? We find a conversation with this speaker later that he between Israel and the Arab world without cookout to be an effective format. A few was not aware of potential new sources of the threat of an oil embargo. people, knowledgeable in an aspect of the energy, such as solar power satellites Further thought upon the matter yields energy problem, are invited to join us in (SPS’s). This situation struck me as not the possibility of something more positive. Annapolis. We eat, drink and have fun being very satisfactory, particularly from How about a joint Israeli-Arab SPS-space while trading information and the point of view of the situation in the colony project? After all, the Arabs have all formulating plans for action. We hope to Middle East. of that oil wealth and Israel has loads of meet with state and national legislators, Next day, I was talking with my friend scientific and technical talent. This could other B’nai B’rith lodges, and other Dr. Ernest H. Halpern (henceforth to be really advance the cause of peace in the influential people. We have already met referred to as Ernie) about the meeting, at Middle East. Anyhow, the Arabs should be with the Aberdeen, Maryland lodge of which he had also been present. He worrying about what is going to happen to B’nai B’rith. As a result of this cookout the suggested that I organize an energy themselves when their oil runs out. An SPS- energy committee will be presenting a committee for our lodge and that I be space colony project makes quite a bit of series of resolutions concerning the energy chairman of this committee. I though sense for the Middle East. Just picture it! problem to the Maryland State Association about this for a few hours before I decided The first space colony being peopled by of B’nai B’rith with the backing of the to do it. Picking up the phone, I called Mr. Moslems and Jews (maybe with some Aberdeen lodge. Particular mention of James W. Jacobs (Jim), the president of token WASP’s). SPS’s will be made. our lodge. He heard me out and as he is From a more somber attitude, Our activities are coordinated with other empowered to do, declared the energy considering the vicissitudes of the Jewish advocates of space colonization/industri- committee to be in existence with myself as people throughout history, one could say alization. Since my joining the L-5 Society chairman. Fast work! that Jews, of all people, should be interested in 1976 I have been in touch with Dr. T. Since that time the energy committee has in space colonization. Space colonization Stephen Cheston of Georgetown been gradually getting involved with could be considered a form of life University who is well known to all L-5ers. people and issues of the multi-faceted insurance if things should get tougher Since the formation of the energy exceedingly complex energy situation. again for the Jews on earth. More committee, Steve and I have been trying to Considering, however, that I am a long optimistically, colonization could be coordinate our activities. time space enthusiast and that I joined the viewed as a wonderful opportunity for the At the time at which I am writing this L-5 Society in early 1976, explains why expression of Jewish vitality in far-flung article, the energy committee is working educating people about solar power and diversified environments. (Actually, on involving the members of the B’nai satellites, space factories, and non- all of the ethnic groups could have their B’rith Youth Organization (BBYO) in its terrestrial resources is a significant part of own colonies.) space activities. We are preparing a our program. How does the energy committee go number of projects for BBYO in the areas The energy committee is small but has a about gaining acceptance for its space of solar power satellites, space lot of expertise in science and technology. proposals? One thing we do not do is talk industrialization, and space colonization. Aside from myself, it includes Ernie about space colonization per se. We think The energy committee believes that BBYO

14 L-5 News, October, 1977 members could be of value in educating the of Columbus lodge form an energy, or even goals for our generation and not have to public as to the benefits to be derived from a space committee? Then, possibly, our wait for the next generation. Our thoughts these space programs. More directly, energy committee could link up with and actions are strictly in terms of success BBYO members could organize study theirs and all of us could get into space now, in the coming years, in the next groups in order to investigate various sooner. Of course, we do not have to decade or so, certainly no later than the end problems and perform experiments to help confine ourselves to religious-based of this century. Moses saw the promised fill in thedetails needed to be known before organizations. Certainly the Lions and the land from afar but he was not allowed to implementation of these programs. This Elks could help out also. enter it. We, on the other hand, will enter direct action on a volunteer basis could be Another point that we believe to be our promised land. of great importance in filling the gap important is convincing the minorities of between now and when the major funding our nation of the relevance of space to the About the author: Bruce Friedman holds becomes available. The BBYO is fulfillment of their needs. We do not want a Ph.D. in physics. He works at the David potentially a valuable resource of these people to think of us as elitists but as W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and enthusiastic, intelligent young folks. people who are really concerned about Development Center in Annapolis, Md. We believe that our experiences here in them. This fits in with the Jewish ethic. His major area of research is pollution Annapolis can be of use to others in One cannot be considered a good Jew abatement. He encourages those of you striving for the implementation of SPS’s unless one is a good person. The aid of the who want to learn more about how to and space colonization/industrialization. minorities could certainly help us in our develop local L-5 oriented projects to write For example, other ethnic service goal of spreading out into the universe. him at 1284 Graff Court Apt. lB, Annapolis, organizations could do the same things we We have a very positive outlook over in MD 21403, or call him at 301/267-9271 are in B’nai B’rith. Why not have a Knights B’nai B’rith. We want to accomplish our (home) or 301/267-3543 (office).

15 A Land of Milk and Honey? Not if the bees can’t find their way home, according to Magoroh Maruyama.

But this can be experimented on the flight). This can be experimented in a large With respect to pollinating bees’ Earth. In a large hangar, you can install a centrifugal chamber. orientation, Gerard O’Neill has assured bee-hive. The hangar should be opaque to me that the direction of polarization of prevent natural daylight from coming in. sunlight inside the space community will Artificially polarized daylight by means of “Space Settlements: a Design Study” remain ground-stationary because the mirrors, in such a way that different (NASA SP-413), recently was published by mirrors will be ground-stationary, and the sections of the hangar have different NASA’s scientific and technical office. It direction of polarization is largely directions of polarization, can be installed. describes in vivid terms and illustrations determined by the angle of the mirrors. Then live flowers are put in, in such a way the construction and operation of A problem may arise when several that the bees have to traverse many sections permanent settlements in space where as mirrors are used to cover several areas, and of the hangar to reach the flowers. We can many as 10,000 people at some future time the bees have to traverse these several areas then observe: (1) the shape of the “bee may work, raise families and live out their between the hive and the flowers. As you dance” in the hive to communicate the lives. The 185-page volume is based on a know, the bees’ brain stores information location of the flowers; (2) actual flight study sponsored by the American Society regarding the location of the flowers in path of the bees who received the of Engineering Education and NASA, held terms of (1) direction; and (2) distance. The information from the dancer. at the Ames center and Stanford direction is identified in reference to the Another complication is bee’s reaction University, in which 31 engineers, polarization of the sunlight. to gravitationally non-Euclidean space scientists and students participated. The It is not known what happens to the (Torus, in which the equipotential surface book is priced at $5.00, on sale by the bees’ information system when they have is non-flat and eventually goes upside Superintendent of Documents, U.S. to traverse several areas, in which the down; or cylinder and torus, in which the Government Printing Office, Washing- direction of light polarization is different “bee-line” changes the tangential angle to ton, D.C. 20301 (stock number 033-000- from one another. the equipotential surfaces during one 00669-l).

16 L-5 News, October, 1977 Space Shuttle: Who Can Go? by Carolyn Henson Space, once the preserve of highly centrifuge to simulate takeoff and then trained supermen (and one superwoman) were required to remain absolutely flat on is about to open up to ordinary people, their backs for a month so as to simulate according to Dee O’Hara, administrator of the weightlessness of zero g. Even raising a NASA program at Ames Research Center their heads higher than one pillow was (Moffet Field, Calif.) which is studying verboten. They exercised, flew flight human response to simulated shuttle simulators and took tests in this horizontal flights. position. The women were responsible for Last spring, a group of 10 women aged maintaining their complex medical 35 to 45 volunteered to take a simulated monitoring equipment (biobelts) as well. shuttle flight. They were spun at 3 g’s in a To simulate the isolation of space the Cardiovascular System Tests -- Nichelle Nichols, with subjects, while allowed phone calls, were Astronaut Alan Bean, demonstrates how the lower not allowed visitors. (There was also body negative pressure device operates in medical projects designed to help solve problems encountered concern that visitors might bring in the in space. Volunteers at the Ames Research Center are latest viruses.) Test participants had round participating in this and other medical research the clock medical supervision. However, involving human participation in space shuttle the test facility doesn’t have a “hospital” voyages. atmosphere; NASA workers and test participants wear street clothes. How did those women fare? They all passed the physical, mental and psychological tests. Having determined that the average male or female up to age 45 can handle a shuttle mission with flying colors, NASA is now planning tests on women and men aged 45 to 55, followed by tests on people of both sexes up to age 65. If you would like to help NASA in this project, and get a paid one month vacation to boot, call: Lynne Dunham, Management System Associates, 415/964-0702. Charlene “Kitty” Johnson pedals a horizontal bicycle in an exercise test at NASA’s Ames Research Gloria Martinez of Milpitas, CA, is being strapped into a NASA human centrifuge during tests at Center. Because of the requirement for test subjects to remain horizontal in order to simulate the Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, to see how women in the 35-45 age group react to 3 g’s effect of weightlessness on the cardiovascular system, exercise testing must also be done with the in simulated space flight. Assisting is Jerry Rose (left) and Don Gundo. subject prone.

Volunteers for Stress Studies -- The ten women selected as participants in the 27-day medical test at the Ames Research Center were: (top row, l. to r.) Rita L. McIntire, electronics technician; Marion Hays, freelance writer- actress; Wendy L. Heyman, drapery manufacturer; . . Chrisula Asimos, teacher-medical researcher; Christine Nance Lou Deardorff, of San ]ose, California, “flies” a small flight simulator at NASA’s Ames Research Center. Ms. Deardorff is one of ten women in the 35-45 age group who participated in a Smith, homemaker-registered nurse; (bottom row, l. to month-long test program to see how they react to simulated space flight. A newspaper clipping r.) Charlene D. Johnson, retail sales clerk; Mary C. taped to the top of the simulator reads “Can You Afford to Fail This Test?” The simulator, which Gerbino, housewife-freelance writer; Carol Pruit, is “flown” twice a day, is used to measure performance during the study. Bedrest simulates the vocational nurse; Gloria A. Martinez, technician; and weightlessness of space flight. Nancy Lou Deardorff, banker.

17 above the valley floor, he will weight only SPORTS IN SPACE 30 percent as much as he did on Earth or at miles below them. Because they will be in a the start of his walk, and can climb in Excerpted from “The High Frontier” “gravity” which is produced by rotation, bounding strides. At the top, 10,000 feet by Gerard K. O’Neill they will be able to change it at will, by above the valley, he will weigh nothing at For good health we should spend some flying with or against the direction in all. He will have passed the clouds at about of our time in Earth-normal gravity; yet which the habitat turns. At a distance of a the 3,000-foot level, so they will be far much of the ‘recreation in which the hundred yards from the axis, they will below him, but he will find that the residents of space indulge will surely take experience three percent of Earth-normal atmosphere has lowered in density only as advantage of a new option we can never gravity. If they choose to fly against the much as for a 5,000 foot climb on Earth. experience on Earth: to have any gravity direction of rotation, at a speed of only Much of this chapter has been devoted to they like, simply by riding or walking to eleven miles per hour they will cancel the less serious side of space colonization; the right distance from the cylinder axis. gravity entirely. not questions of economics and On the axis itself gravity will be zero, and it As at swimming beaches, space dwellers production, but of amusement and will increase smoothly toward Earth- may have to provide something to keep diversion. It seems appropriate to close normal as the valley floor is approached. people out of danger-in this case a near- with an account of one memorable Surely new sports will be invented to invisible cylindrical net to prevent a tired lunchtime conversation: in the years before make use of this degree of freedom: three- flyer from straying too far from the the topic of this book was well known, I dimensional soccer may be one example. cylinder axis into a high-gravity region. had made a practice of challenging Some old sports will also be a great deal Where the valleys end and the skeptics to name their favorite sports, and more enjoyable in low-gravity. In a pool hemispherical endcap begins its upward then always pointing out that the sport near the cylinder axis, a dive will be made curve toward the cylinder axis, the could be done better in space than on in slow motion and the waves will break as temptation will be great to model the Earth. Finally someone named a delightful slowly as in a dream. Those of us who mountains of Old Earth. A hike up those sport that, even in these uninhibited days, is enjoy diving find that under Earth’s oceans mountains will be a good deal easier than carried on only in private. The skeptic the need for pressure equalization reminds on Earth: as the climber makes his way to instantly became a believer: can one us, with every foot of depth change, that higher altitude, and starts to become tired, imagine a better location for a honeymoon we’re not in our natural element. A pool gravity will be lessening with every foot of hotel than the zero-gravity region of a near the cylinder axis, or an entire sea- height gained. At the 7,000 foot elevation space community? world, perhaps on one of the external cylinders, could have a gravity as small as a thousandth that of Earth, and could give the swimmers of the habitat the freedom to forget pressure changes and swim as naturally and freely as the fish. It seems unlikely that any of the communities will be willing to put up with powered aircraft, because of their noise and smoke, but soaring-the use of air currents to sail in three dimensions with a glider-should be possible. As a glider pilot, I find that people even on the ground seem to feel a sensation of joy and release in watching a glider fly; as Richard Bach has said, perhaps there is something of Jonathan Seagull in each of us. From the time of classical Greece, and perhaps even before, some men have been fascinated by the idea of flight by human power alone. Leonardo da Vinci was obsessed by it, and filled notebooks with sketches of machines that he hoped might fly. In modern times, human-powered aircraft have been flown short distances, but under Earth-normal gravity human- powered flight remains an almost impossible dream. In space communities, it will become easy for everyone, not just for athletes. Near the cylinder axis, where gravity will not be more than a tenth or a twentieth that of Earth, almost every imaginable variety of human-powered flying machine, including some of Leonardo’s, will work. We can imagine elderly ladies and gentlemen taking their evening constitutionals by gently pedaling their aircraft, while viewing the world two

18 L-5 News, October, 1977 Science Faction Bookshelf by Robert Anton Wilson

Exo-Psychology (Neitzsche’s caricature of Darwinsism) but let us define the game as large, fast, intense, by Timothy Leary by a pre-programmed “brain” within the precise as possible: Unlimited Space, Peace Press, Los Angeles, 134 pp., $8 DNA tape-loop. Unlimited Time and Unlimited Prolongevity All living organisms, then, are survival- Intelligence to enjoy same.” by Albert Rosenfeld machines designed by DNA to transport Leary summarizes this goal into the 2 Knopf, New York, 1976, 250 pp., $8.95 itself about, reproduce itself and create acronym SMI LE, which means Space 2 more and better DNA. In short, we are, as Migration, Intelligence and Life The Immortalist geneticist Herbert Muller likes to say, Extension. After the neuro-psychology of by Alan Harrington “giant robots” programmed by DNA for imprinting is clarified, most of Exo- Celestial Arts, Millbrae, 1977, 313 pp., its own purposes; we are “fragile, easily Psychology deals with the practicality of $5.95 replicable units,” Leary adds, because beginning this Triple Mutation It is getting harder and harder to draw a DNA can make myriads of duplicates of us. immediately. line between science-fact and science At each stage of development, each Albert Rosenfeld’s Prolongevity deals fiction, because the implications of current individual robot takes a new imprint in the with 1/3 of Dr. Leary’s Triple Mutation science are often more staggering than ethologocial sense and thus mutates from program -- Life Extension. Rosenfeld, who anything published in Analog or Galaxy one “tunnel-reality” to another. For was science editor of Life for 11 years and is ten years ago, or five years go, or even two instance, the emotional game-playing of now science editor of Saturday Review, years ago. The rate of acceleration of the toddling infant recapitulates seems to have interviewed everybody social-technological change is itself mammalian territorial rituals, and the engaged in Life Extension research in the changing at an accelerating rate; Prof. infant lives in a primate tunnel-reality at United States-or, if not, he probably Gerard O’Neill’s latest space-city designs the stage. The school-child learning to didn’t miss more than a few of them. They are already more futuristic than the Clarke- parrot lessons lives in a Paleolithic tunnel- all agree that a quantum jump in human Kubrick space-ships in 2001. reality. The adolescent gang recapitulates lifespan is a very real possibility very soon. Dr. Timothy Leary has accepted the the barbarian horde (Attila, Genghiz There are degrees of optimism, of interpenetration of science-fact and Khan, etc.) The domesticated adult lives in course; some speak of merely doubling science-fiction cheerfully, as an inevitable the tunnel-reality of his or her tribal guilt- human lifespan, adding another 70 years; development; he calls his new book, Exo- virtue game. others talk of extending life into centuries Psychology, “science-faction,” on the No conditioning techniques, Leary or thousands of years; one chapter is grounds that his facts come from science insists, can permanently change such devoted to scientific Immortalists, who while his style is deliberately science- imprints. Skinner’s Behavior Mod works think we can conquer death entirely sooner fiction in flavor. only so long as the conditioner has the or later. Exo-Psychology is an astonishing victim more or less imprisoned and totally Prolongevity (a title James Joyce would performance even for the Most controls reward and punishment. Once the have loved) is sheer science-faction; the Controversial Man in America. It’s only subject gets free of the conditioner, implications are staggering, but the 134 pages long, but it incorporates hundreds behavior drifts back to the biochemical sources are all reputible scientists, who of new ideas in psychology, neurology, circuits of the original imprint. have hard facts to back up their hopes. ethology, genetics, sociology and dozens of On the other hand, Leary says, if you can Rosenfeld concludes with a 40-page other sciences, making it one of the most learn to serially re-imprint your own philosophical discussion titled “Should compressed, condensed, highly charged nervous system, you graduate to a new We Do It?,” in which he discussed the books I’ve ever seen. Attempting to level of evolution, which he calls I2, which arguments against Life Extension and summarize it is like attempting to means intelligence-squared, or finds them all weak and short-sighted. summarize the Britannica; to review it is intelligence-studying-intelligence, i.e. the Longevity, to Rosenfeld, means “To like reviewing 20th Century culture itself. nervous system studying and re- have time to travel everywhere and go back Leary asserts that DNA was seeded on imprinting itself. You can then become as again and again to favorite places. To go Earth (and on millions of other planets) by smart as you wish, as brave as you wish, as on learning-new skills, new sports, new Higher Intelligence. This does not mean happy as you wish, as wise as you wish. languages, new musical instruments . . . “the police-court Jehovah” of This is a quantum jump above the robot- To read everything you want to. read. To monotheism, he says. Higher Intelligence level at which animal life, and most of listen to all the music. To look at all the might be (a) an advanced interstellar humanity have functioned hitherto. pictures, and even paint a few. To savor civilization, as suggested by Nobel There is no end to this serial re- and re-savor experience and arrive, not at geneticist Sir Francis Crick, the first to imprinting. “The more intelligent you boredom but at new levels of propose that DNA was seeded here; or (b) become,” Leary says, “the more you see the appreciation . . .” ourselves-in-the-future traveling advantage in becoming even more “There could arise a new breed of backwards in time, as suggested by intelligent.” human being,” Rosenfeld says, “who, physicists Jack Sarfatti and Saul Paul The result of this self-metaprogram- merely by virtue of longevity, through Sirag; or (c) sub-atomic consciousness, as ming is that all the Utopias and Heavenly suggested by physicist Evan Harris visions of our imagination can be About the author: Robert Anton Wilson is Walker. achieved; we need only imprint these a former senior editor of Playboy. He has Higher Intelligence, Leary proceeds, possibilities to make them neurologically since turned to freelance writing; his recent designed the DNA to evolve, through real, and then we can begin making them science fiction trilogy, Illuminatus metamorphoses and migration, into ever physically real. “Since no one can allow (coauthored by Robert Shea, editor of the more complex and more intelligent forms. the game to become bigger than Hir Playboy Forum) has been adapted to the Evolution is not guided by “least possible concept of the game (what is not imprinted stage and is playing to packed houses in effort and greatest possible blunder” is not real to the primate brain) therefore Western Europe.

19 acquisition of a steadily maturing wisdom Where Rosenfeld provides the scientific single book I have ever read. Gore Vidal and a steadily expanding awareness, could evidence that longevity and eventual has already said, with some awe, “Mr. finally become . . .a being worthy to be the immortality are possible, Harrington Harrington may have written the most trustee of our future evolution.” tackles the much heavier question of their important book of our time.” I would go Rosenfeld agrees with Leary that DNA desirability, and does not hesitate to damn further: Alan Harrington has written the has programmed us (all life-forms on this and blast every organized ideology based most important book of the millenium. planet) to survive, reproduce and die. He on the acceptance of death. Those who love “Poor Allen Ginsberg,” Tim Leary also suggests that, in creating humanity, death, Harrington insists, have the right to said to me recently. “He lives in constant DNA programmed a robot conscious die; but they have no right to tell those who fear that the future is going to be enough to resent death and intelligent love life that we have no moral or different from the past.” The same fate enough to do something about it metaphysical right to extend it has overtaken most of the radicals of the eventually. indefinitely. He is quite willing to dance ’50s and ‘60s, who are now the most Leary and Rosenfeld could say, like on their graves, but he is not going to let nostalgic and reactionary people around. Gurdjieff, “Our way is against God and them persuade him to crawl into the grave Alan Harrington stands head and against Nature”-except that they see next to them. shoulders above all of them, looking DNA (the modern equivalent of what The Immortalist smashes more sacred bravely into the future while they day- mystics meant by “God” and “Nature”) as cows, questions more “unquestionable” dream wistfully of a dead and irrelevant programming this rebellion also. As a dogmas, assaults more prejudices than any past. “self-developing organism” (Gurdjieff’s term), Humankind seems to have been programmed with all the characteristics necessary to transcend the limitations of biological life as it has hitherto existed on Entertainment this planet. The ultimate, or a kind of ultimate, in this line of speculation is Alan and a rotating Bernal Sphere, which is the Harrington’s The Immortalist, which may Space Opera Debut best demonstration I’ve seen of watching be as important as Das Kapital or The the neighbors down the street “walk on the Origin of Species or The Golden Bough. L-5: A Space Opera will open at ceiling.” If you put aside your Harrington, an old friend of Kerouac and Keystone Korner in San Francisco October embarassment and crouch down to an 8- Ginsberg and one of the original creators 31. The producer is Ron Giteck. Music year-old’s height (if you can push all the 8- of the Beat Generation of the 1950’s, has director is Eddie Snakepit Edwards; year-olds out of the way!), you’re actually not mellowed out on Buddhism, models are being built by Blaine Lemert, there. tranquilized himself with Transcendental and holograms of the models will be The display is a bit low-level; regular Masturbation, or collapsed into paranoia projected onstage by Multiplex, Corp. readers of the News won’t get much out of and bitterness. Instead, he has become Technical advice is being provided by the it. But go anyway; the Academy is fun, and more revolutionary and more Utopian L-5 Society. it’s worth it to see all the excitement the over the years. The Immortalist is one of Producer Giteck, a systems display generates. When I was there I heard those rare books that challenges you to re- engineer/anthropologist turned Bay Area one very little girl ask “can we go there on our next vacation?” Maybe not her next think your basic philosophy about the music critic and opera librettist, promises one, but . . . universe totally. It is the literary equivalent an “upbeat” view of the future that of finding a rattlesnake in your bedsheets; nevertheless “grapples with our fears.” you can’t ignore; you have to take a stand L-5 Radio News and make a decision about it. When Harrington last spoke in Space Habitat Display L-5 members can now tune in to “The Berkeley, a few months ago, he was by Jay Vivian Joyful Wisdom Program,” a music, news shouted down and booed off stage in a and information show scanning the planet demonstration of hooliganism that hasn’t The California Academy of the Sciences Earth for signs of intelligent life. This been seen here since Alan Watts was in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, is futuristic radio show is nationally similarly mistreated by Left Fascists back currently showing a space settlement syndicated, usually as FM Sunday in 1966. It is, of course, a tribute to both display of interest to L-5ers. It’s bordered programming. Watts and Harringon that they were not with excellent photographs, including one The show features music and permitted to speak; this shows how of a weightless Skylab astronaut blowing a commentary on futuristic topics with the powerful their ideas are, and how water globule, and a view of San Francisco likes of Jerry Brown, Timothy Leary, frightening such ideas are to certain Bay from 200 miles up. It was apparently Barry Goldwater, Stuart Brand, Gerry neophobes. done by NASA; it is quite well-done, very O’Neill, Carl Sagan, and John Lilly; not to The Immortalist carries current life accurate, and reasonably realistic. mention Grace Slick, Linsay Wagner, Paul extension research and theory to the The display consists of a series of McCartney, Lonnie Liston Smith and logical conclusion: Humanity, consecutive windows which are arranged Fleetwood Mac. Harrington proposes, can and should sequentially in an arc. They begin with a Of special interest to L-5ers is the “L-5 ultimately conquer death. good moving-lights representation of the File” featuring, among others, Carolyn “Death,” Harrington says, “is an lunar mass-driver hurling pieces of Moon and Keith Henson, and “Evolution imposition on the human race, and no into space, including (get this, you detail News.” The show also carries special longer acceptable.” freaks!) the buckets actually slowing down features called “Conversations With “Let us hire the scientists,” he says, “and at the end of their track for their return and Higher Intelligence” and an evolutionary spend the money, and hunt down death accelerating during their hurl cycle. Other soap opera, “As the Earth Learns.” like an outlaw.” windows include one on power satellites, Check your local listings!

20 L-5 News, October, 1977 Synergy Coalition Needed personnel: closed system interests such as national energy ecologist/agronomist, nutritionist, social independence, equalization of world The L-5 synergy coalition is changing scientists, vacuum engineer, etc. resources, clean energy alternatives, space its name to the ‘Earthrise Synergy Project leader: Larry J. Freisen resources utilization, etc., also needed are Coalition.’ The coalition also has a new Political Activities Committee: the need persons to write letters and to monitor address: for positive action on behalf of the space congresspersons. Earthrise Synergy Coalition colonies in the political arena is evident. Project coordinator: Jim Bennet c/o S.A. Varugnese The Political Action Committee will act as If you are interested in any of these R.D. 2 Box 707 a lobby, generally making the government projects, or would like to get involved in an Sussex, N.J. 07461 recognize solar energy from space and up-coming project, write to the coalition. Projects underway: space habitation as a serious and timely Project moonbase: object, to design a matter. small, low cost personed research base on Needed personnel: people to act as the surface of the moon. liaison between persons with various

As an eleventh-grader, it appears to me

Is There a Mayflower in Your Future? that, while your, Ygeneration will be the one to appropriate the initial funds for the research into the developments of S.S.P.S.‘s, space colonies, etc., our by Carolyn Henson generation will be the one that actually Many cultures have a history of epic votes “yes” or “no” for development of the migrations. The United States is one. For first colony, that makes up the board of hundreds of years, wave after wave of directors that says “yea” or “nay” to a people, eventually millions strong, proposed space factory, and so on. So, since boarded ships all over the world and sailed our generation will be the one to -- or not to to their new land. -- develop space exploitation, I think a Some were prisoners or slaves; their fates major effort should be placed on “gettin’ wrote new chapters in humankind’s grim ‘um while they’s young”. Now, for two history of brutally exiled and uprooted questions in that respect: people. But others, like the Pilgrims, 1) What can supporters of space worked and prayed for the opportunity to exploitation of all ages do to encourage make new worlds for themselves. The first young people to want to see space ship they sailed, the Mayflower, was small, exploited? creaked in a distressing manner during 2) What can us young people do to help storms, and was as crowded as the worst encourage other young people to want slave ship. But her people boarded freely. space exploitation, and to help get the No government bureaucrat told them who wheels turning? had to go or who couldn’t. They followed Don Campbell their dream. San Juan Capistrano, Calif. The shuttleorbiter 101, now being tested You can help by getting your friends to in a series of free flights, was named join the L-5 Society and/or the National Enterprise after a space ship in a popular Space Institute. Write in to the L-5 office at television series, Star Trek. The U.S. 1620 N. Park, Tucson, AZ 85719 for free L- government had originally planned to 5 buttons, brochures, leaflets, etc. The name it “Constitution” but adopted its National Space Institute is more strongly present name after a nationwide letter geared toward high school students than writing and petition gathering campaign we are, although they put less emphasis on persuaded President Ford to back the actually getting jobs and homes in space Enterprise name change. some day. They can be reached at 1911 N. However, Enterprise will not be the first Ft. Meyer Dr. Suite 408, Arlington, VA shuttle orbiter in space. Her yet unnamed 22209. sister ship, orbiter 102, is being outfitted And what makes you think us ancient for a space flight in 1979 which will be the folks over 30 will be too creaky to go in first in what will soon become routine another 15 or 20 years -- you young shuttle missions. whipper-snapper! -- CH George Koopman (see Sept. L-5 News pg. 2) has suggested that we name orbiter I believe that L-5 members who are also 102 the “Mayflower”. And as we watch the educators, will wish to know about NASA first shuttle breakthrough into space, Report to Educators, a quarterly perhaps we can dare to hope that within publication available to educators without this century, free people all over the world cost by writing to the Educational will once again begin to board ships for Program Division, Office of Public new worlds. Affairs, Code FE, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. 20546. The report often lists various 21 materials available from the government our effort will be invited to attend a cooperation we should send copies of all on space related topics. These include a briefing in Pasadena this fall, upon test results and design specifications of the number of excellent 16 mm films on inquiry to the following address. We’re not experimental mass driver to every country Skylab, remote sensing of the Earth and asking L-5 members to do everything for us with money invested in space, Russia in exploration of the Moon and Mars, which on a voluntary basis, but we do need the particular, since we only want into space can be borrowed by educators without cost. opinions, advice and talent from those who cares which country provides the members and associates who also feel a means? If Russia decided to develop the Jay S. Huebner film is in order now, to educate people and mass driver in conjunction the Salyut Jacksonville, FL get them excited about space colonization. space station as a viable space exploitation I am unable to comprehend the logic We solicit the interest of those who (yeah, I said “exploitation”) device, maybe behind the statement which was made by cannot attend the briefing also, and our government would get in gear on our Budget Director Bert Lance. He has stated welcome their correspondence. The programs. that work on the 1979 fiscal year federal members of our team have a strong desire The success of an organization as a budget has begun and a sharp cut in to promote the idea of space lobbying force depends on the assurance NASA’s space programs is possible. colonization-more rapidly, more that the members can write to Congress NASA is now working with a bare graphically, more vicariously, so that more without using form letters. Also, petitions minimum budget which is less than one people can see the potential of space are probably as effective as letters, percent of the national budget. I cannot see colonization, and back it more forcefully. especially when from registered voters in how NASA could survive as a space agency We want to see this thing become a reality the politician’s district. We could take if there is a sharp reduction in the size of in our own lifetimes. Your support will be some pointers from the NRA in their fight the budget NASA now has. greatly appreciated, as in any effort in its against the attack on our right to keep and I believe a dramatic example of how beginning stages, we need it badly. Thank bear arms. They attack the politicians on budget cuts affect NASA is the Jupiter you for any help you may be able to give. In the basis of their stand on one issue orbiter/probe mission in 1978’s fiscal year accordance with our new slogan, “Space is regardless of any of the politician’s other budget. At question was seventeen to the place for the whole human race,” we attributes. Are we willing to do the same to eighteen million dollars, hardly a sharp can most assuredly state, a star is born. . . . achieve our goals? cut in funding. However, without those space colonization! Address inquiries to: Now, back to the original problem of the funds America would no longer have a SPACEHAVEN equatorial countries. These countries wish planetary flight capability. attn. Daren Nigsarian to claim the geosynchronous orbit space As a private citizen the only thing I can 1250 Wabash St. above their countries. This is about as do is ask my fellow American citizens to Pasadena, California 91103 significant as claiming a 23,000 mile write President Carter asking him to coastal zone. While we are getting this support a strong and effective space Much of the sunlight which could be straightened out, let’s settle the problem of program in the federal budget for fiscal caught by geosynchronous power stations giving every country access to sea year 1979. and microwaved to terrestrial destinations resources. The U.N. is useless in solving G.M. Wannamaker for conversion to electricity would this problem since its directives have all the FPO New York otherwise have shot right on by the Earth. force of a wet noodle. If China, for A consequence, which I have not yet seen example, went into space industrialization I am a student at John Muir High soberly commented upon, is increased I doubt that the wishes of Equador would School, Pasadena, and one of motion insolation and, hence, a higher mean carry much weight. One of the reasons for picture production. I am currently temperature. Under the climatic space industrialization would be to free us working on a super-8 sound film project circumstances that man has enjoyed for from the scarcity of earth resources: we about space colonization. This effort won’t 20,000 years, this extra heat would soon won’t be hamstrung by international be quite on the same level of “Star Wars,” melt Antarctica’s ice and flood all major cartels trying to gouge the best price for but could well pave the way for future seaports, rather forcing attention on the materials that they couldn’t use or develop releases of that sort. With my interest in advantages of high-in-the-sky habitations. on their own. Space should not be subject filmmaking as it is, I realize the potential But, it appears, we are in luck. There is to piracy. It’s not our nationalism, but that film has for bringing across concepts and solid confirmation that we terrestrials are of small countries that is causing the ideas. on the brink of a new Ice Age (if last winter problems. I can just see the Idi Amin With a broad range of technical did not convince you) born of certain memorial SPS. Neutrality is useless unless expertise help, it will be possible to resonance conditions in Earth’s orbital backed by deterent. Maybe violence is the produce a film communicating to the mechanics. Unless the microwaves have last refuge of the incompetent, but I am not audience the possibilities of space untoward side effects, it look like we might too impresses by the competence so far colonization, the problems, and benefits. make our migration to L-5 at a leisurely exhibited by our leaders. I am afraid we The film will revolve around a tightly pace. will take our natures into space. In fact, space must be settled so that we will have a scripted plot and story. Realizing that this John R. Kirk type of project will have competitors New Paltz, N.Y. social group bound together by space already, I am refraining from detailed instead of nationality. Conflict abounds discussion of contemplated scenarios, Well, you finally published a part of one and the easy or intellectual way may not specific technological concepts, etc. I am of my letters, although my comment was prevail. Is there one economist or working in conjunction with several L-5 placed in a negative light by the previous politician that has done as much to end society members who have worked in the letter in the page. I am glad you didn’t give large scale war as Einstein did with 2 space industry for many years, and I am my full address since I have no desire to E=MC ? striving to form a team to back this effort receive 100 page refutations of my stand. on a conceptual, operational, and Now, placing foot firmly in mouth, I will Richard Strong financial basis. Those who would like to continue with commentary. Swartz Creek, MI learn more about the film, and partake in I feel that in the interest of international

22 L-5 News, October, 1977 What’s Available from the L-5 Society?

Books: Reprints:

The Hunger of Eve, A Woman’s Odyssey “Satellite Power Stations,” William C. Brown, Toward the Future, Barbara Marx Hubbard IEEE Spectrum, March, 1973. Pl $ 1.00 Stackpole Books, Hardbound. 1976 Bl $ 8.00 “Colonies in Space,” Time, June 3, 1974. P2 $ .37 The High Frontier: Human Colonies in Space, Gerard K. O’Neill “Colonization of Space,” Richard M. Reiss, William Morrow & Co., Hardbound. 1977 B2 $ 8.00 Mercury, July/August, 1974. P3 $ .86

Colonies in Space, T. A. Heppenheimer “The Colonization of Space,” Gerard K. Stackpole Books, Hardbound. 1977 B3 $12.00 O’Neill, Physics Today, September, 1974. P4 $ .93

The fourth Kingdom, William J. Sauber “Lagrangia: Pioneering is Space,” Gerard K. Aquari Corp., Hardbound. 1975 B4 $ 6.00 O’Neill, Science News, September 21, 1974 P5 $ .37

War and Space, Robert Salkeld “An Orbiting Solar Power Station,” Prentice-Hall, Inc., Unbound copy, 1970 B5 $ 7.00 Sky and Telescope, April, 1975 P6 $ .51

Exopsychology, Timothy Leary “Colonizing the Heavens,” Isaac Asimov, Peace Press, Paperback. 1977 B6 $ 8.00 Saturday Review, June 28, 1975. P7 $ .65

Colonies in Space, Frederic Golden “The Garden of Feasibility,” Gwyneth Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Hardbound. 1977 B7 $ 8.00 Cravens, Harper’s Magazine, August, 1975 P8 $ .79

Posters: “Space Colonies and Energy Supply to the Earth,” Gerard K. O’Neill, Bernal Sphere Interior Science, December 5, 1975 P9 $ .65 14” x 22” full color PO1 $ 2.00 “Wireless Power Transmission,” Bernal Sphere Exterior John F. Mason, 14” x 22” full color PO2 $ 2.00 Electronic Design, December 6, 1975 P10 $ .44

Pioneer Xl in the Rings of Saturn “Colonies in Space,” Ron Chernow, Adolph Schaller Smithsonian, February, 1976 P11 $ .86 17” x 22” full color PO3 $ 3.00 “Moon Mines, Space Factories, and Colony Postcards: L-5,” Michael Guillen, Science News, August 21, 1976 P12 $ .44 Bernal Sphere Interior PC1 $ .15 package of 50 BPCl $ 3.00 “Engineering a Space Manufacturing Center,” Gerard K. O’Neill, Astronautics and Bernal Sphere Exterior PC2 $ .15 Aeronautics, October, 1976 P13 $ 1.00 package of 50 BPC2 $ 3.00 “The Impact of Space Colonization on World Back Issues: Dynamics,” J. Peter Vajk, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 1976 P14 $ 2.38 L-5 News, Volume 1:1-16, Volume 2:1-6 BI # $ 1.00 Complete set of reprinted articles CP15 $11.25 Complete set of back issues BIA $22.00

Otherwise Unpublished Papers:

“Space Resources and the Human Race,” W. L. Hurd. Jr. 22pp. UP2 $ 1.54

“The Nature of Space Law,” Scofield and Morgan 123pp. UP4 $ 8.61

“Space Manufacturing from Nonterrestrial Materials, 1976 NASA Ames/OAST Study” 240pp. UP5 $15.00

Four color process T-Shirt Transfer, This is a full color reproduction of a 8 x 11. Actually dyes into the NASA photograph, with the material as it is ironed-on. Won’t continent of Africa, the Red Sea and peel off! Saudi Arabia clearly visible. $1.50 each INVOICE NUMBER

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AFFILIATION/TITLE OR POSITION: (OPTIONAL) l am___ am not ___ interested in being active locally. Phone (optional) - __ Please enroll me as a member of L-5 Society ($20 per year regular, $10 per year for students). A check or money order is enclosed. (Membership includes L-5 News, $3 to members; the balance – $17 or $7 – is a tax-deductible donation.) __ Please enter the above as a nonmember L-5 News subscriber ($20 per year). A check or purchase order is enclosed. __ Enclosed find a donation of $ . (Donations to L-5 Society are tax-deductible.) Send orders to: L-5 Society PLEASE ALLOW THREE TO FOUR WEEKS FOR DELIVERY. 1620 North Park Avenue FOR RUSH ORDERS CALL SHIPPING HOT LINE, 602-622-6351 Tucson, AZ 85719 L-5 News, October, 1977 WHAT IS THE L-5 SOCIETY? L-5: A Place in Space “. . . I believe you are helping to pave the way for future developments that can by T.A. Heppenheimer, author of profoundly affect mankind.” Colonies in Space —Senator Barry Goldwater L-5 is the fifth Lagrangian Libration “I see a lot of similarities between the L-5 Society and the American Rocket Society of point. But what are libration points? the 1930’s. In either case the groups were dealing with new concepts and ideas that had They are locations where a spacecraft considerably more technical feasibility than was recognized by the technical may be placed so as always to remain in community at large. The L-5 Society provides a forum for discussion and the same position with respect to the dissemination of ideas and concepts for the large scale human habitation of space that Earth and the Moon. may occur in the future. These ideas are much broader in aspect than the technical The French mathematician, Lagrange, concepts alone. The L-5 Society recognizes these broader aspects.” in 1772, showed that there are five such —Gordon Woodcock, Solar Power Satellite Study Manager, Boeing Corporation points. Three of them lie on a line connecting the Earth and Moon; these are “Those of us primarily concerned with detailed research and with the integration of L-l, L-2, and L-3. They are unstable; a university, government, corporate and independent activity into a united program body placed there and moved slightly welcome the help of the L-5 Society, as a citizen’s organization publishing an will tend to move away, though it will informal, wide-ranging, and chatty newsmagazine and providing occasional grants not usually crash directly onto the Earth particularly for student research activity.” or Moon. The other two are L-4 and L-5. —Gerard K. O’Neill, Professor of Physics, Princeton University They lie at equal distance from Earth and Moon, in the Moon’s orbit, thus forming “I am proud to be an L-5 member.” equilateral triangles with Earth and —Robert A. Heinlein, author, Stranger in a Strange Land, The Moon is a Harsh Mistress Moon. The Sun is in the picture, and it disturbs the orbits of space&aft and “The L-5 Society aids the public understanding of the benefits of outer space in many colonies. It turns out (from an extremely scientific and legal areas, including its practical importance with respect to world messy calculation done only in 1968) that peace.” with the Sun in the picture, a colony —Hon. Edward R. Finch, Jr., Chairman, American Bar Association Aerospace Law could be placed not directly at L-4 or L-5, Committee but rather in an orbit around one of these points. The orbit keeps the colony about “I have read the Newsletter from the L-5 Society . . . with great interest. Space 90,000 miles from its central libration colonization as a future possibility for the peaceful use of outer space technology is point. gaining increasing attention from a number of member countries of the Outer Space But what has people excited is not Committee of the United Nations.” what orbit might be used, but rather what —Peter Jankowitsch, Chairman, Outer Space Committee of the United Nations could be done there. Space industries in high Earth orbits could manufacture “The L-5 Society manifests the pioneering spirit that brought people out of the caves and onto the moon. It is an indispensible source of information for all concerned with solar power satellites (SPS) from lunar or the future of the human species. Don’t miss it!” asteroidal resources. Each SPS could —Barbara Marx Hubbard, author, The Hunger of Eve deliver twice as much low cost, environmentally safe energy to Earth, via microwaves, as the Grand Coulee dam, and forty five of them could meet the total present electrical power needs of the U.S. The L-5 Society is an international books, posters, postcards, slide shows and This activity would create tens of organization working to make space reprints of hard to locate articles, as well thousands of jobs in space as well as on settlements a reality-by 1990! as pre-publication copies of papers and Earth within as short a time as 15 years, L-5 members receive a monthly back issues of the L-5 News. and getting tens of thousands of us living magazine, the L-5 News, which covers Special projects of the L-5 Society have and working in space is the goal of the fast-breaking developments in space included presentations at the “Limits to L-5 Society. industrialization, satellite solar power, Growth ‘75” conference, the UN and space settlements. Pertinent books Conference on Habitat in 1976, and co- and articles are reviewed; calls for papers, sponsorship of the AAS/AIAA conferences, requests for proposals, Conference on the Industrialization of contract awards and job opportunities Space in 1977. The Society also provides are reported. In-depth articles and small scale research grants to workers in interviews with major workers in the the field. field explore the problems and promise Membership in the Society is $20 per of moving into the space environment on year, $10 for students. a large scale. And, perhaps most The L-5 Society is a nonprofit, tax- important, the L-5 News is a forum in exempt organization under section which Society members raise and discuss 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. what history may judge to be the most Donors may deduct contributions to the significant issues of our century. L-5 Society as provided in section 170 of The L-5 mail order service provides the Code. EARTH-MOON LIBRATION POINTS

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