Redalyc.On the Genus Eagris Guenée, 1863 in Angola (Lepidoptera

SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología ISSN: 0300-5267 [email protected] Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología España

Bivar de Sousa, A.; Mendes, L. F. On the Genus Eagris Guenée, 1863 in Angola (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología, vol. 35, núm. 139, septiembre, 2007, pp. 311-316 Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología Madrid, España

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SHILAP Revta. lepid., 35 (139), septiembre 2007: 311-316 CODEN: SRLPEF ISSN:0300-5267

On the Genus Eagris Guenée, 1863 in Angola (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) * A. Bivar de Sousa & L. F. Mendes

Abstract

An up-to-date is presented on the genus Eagris Guenée, 1863 in Angola and a new species, similar to the southern and eastern Africa and Madagascar E. nottoana (Wallengren, 1857), is described from the Kuanza Norte province (North East of Angola). KEY WORDS: Lepidoptera; Hesperiidae; new species; new records; Angola.

Sobre el género Eagris Guenée, 1863 en Angola (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)

Resumen

Se presenta una actualización del conocimiento del género Eagris Guenée, 1863 en Angola y se describe una nueva especie de la provincia de Kuanza Norte (Noroeste de Angola) parecida a E. nottoana (Wallengren, 1857), del este de África y de Madagascar. PALABRAS CLAVE: Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, especie nueva, nuevas citas, Angola.

Introduction The genus Eagris Guenée, 1863 exclusive from Africa, is known today by less than a dozen species, which caterpillars feed in quite distinct host-plant (LARSEN, 2005) belonging to the Anacar- diaceae, Malvaceae, Rhamnaceae, Sapindaceae, Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae. Three species only were previously assigned from Angola, namely E. hereus (Druce, 1875), E. lucetia (Hewitson, 1875) and E. tigris Evans, 1937. New samples are studied and a new species is described from the South-western Kuanza Norte province. Examined material belongs to the senior author collection (in the text, BS) and is deposited in the arachno-entomological collection of the Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropi- cal, in Lisboa, Portugal. Administrative provinces and approximate coordinates of the two only locali- ties from where the genus is precisely known in the country (most samples were assigned exclusively from “Angola”) are the following ones:

Locality Province Latitude Longitude Altitude (m) Quedas do Duque de Bragança ** Malanje 09º 06’ S 15º 57’ E 1100 Zenza do Itombe Kuanza Norte 09º 17’ S 14º 13’ E ca 100

* Presented as a poster in the “XII Iberic Congress of Entomology”, Alicante, Spain, 11-14 September, 2006. ** Old Portuguese name to Calandula

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Taxonomic Study

Eagris hereus hereus (Druce, 1875) Material examined: None E. hereus was described (DRUCE, 1875, subgenera Tagiades) from “Angola” (none precise location registered). AURIVILLIUS (in SEITZ, 1928, subgenera Sarangesa) and EVANS (1937) report the species from the country (once again without detailed references) and last one assigns that its type-material is deposited in the British Museum (now The Natural History Museum, London, UK). ACKERY et al. (1995) note that the nominate subspecies of E. hereus is known in forests from Cameroon to An- gola and remember that the type-locality is Angola. LARSEN (2005) adds Gabon and Central African Republic to its known range. A second subspecies - E. hereus quaterna (Mabille 1890) - flies in West Africa, from Guinea to the western Cameroon.

Eagris lucetia (Hewitson, 1875) (Figs. 1-2) Material examined: MALANJE: Quedas do Duque de Bragança, 1 1, 29-V-1971, (BS-14218); ibid, 1 1, 1 0, 5-IV-1974, (BS-14359, 14541) AURIVILLIUS (in SEITZ, 1928) and EVANS (1937) notice the species from Angola though al- ways without reference to its precise distribution in the country; last author registers also that the type- material was obtained in “Angola” and is deposited in the British Museum, like that of the preceding species. ACKERY et al. (1995) report E. lucetia as a forest species, from southern Kenya and Uganda to southern Sudan, former Zaire, Congo, Angola, Nigeria and Cameroon; they point, besides, that the caterpillars feed on species of Rhus (Anacardiaceae) and of Allophylus (Sapindaceae).

Eagris multiplagata Bivar de Sousa & Mendes, sp. n. (Figs. 3-11)

Material examined: KUANZA NORTE: Zenza do Itombe, 1 1 holotype (BS-14311) and 1 0 allotype, 29-V-1971 (BS-14312). Description: Forewing length: 16 mm male, 18 mm female. Sexual dimorphism pronounced. Male: Forewing costal fold present. Upper surface (Fig. 3) dark brown with blackish-brown spots, those on the forewing along one submedian, one median and one postdiscal irregular rows (last one the most well-marked), those on the hindwing along one median and one postdiscal rows, plus a few isolat- ed dots. Three minute hyaline points - the middle one (the more developed) outside displaced relatively to the two remaining spots - between the radials (Fig. 7). Under surface much lighter, yellowish to tawny brown, the dark brown dots as in the upper surface though much more contrasted (Fig. 4). Female: Ground colour of upper surface (Fig. 5) lighter than in the male though similar, and so, the dark brown dots remain clearly more contrasted. Large hyaline spots along the median area and seven minute hyaline subapical points, as in Fig. 8. Under surface of forewing (Fig. 6) light brown, the hindwing mostly whitish, almost devoid of marginal outer pigment band (only a few vestigial dots are visible), the dark brown dots very well contrasted. Male genitalia: Uncus distally rounded with a mediolateral pair of extensions, in dorsal and lateral views as in Figs. 9-10. Aedeagus with enlarged distal area its borders clearly toothed. Valves slightly asymmetrical, wide, distally with three points (one clearly smaller), with one big, acute, proximal tooth plus 1-2 more distal smaller teeth (Fig. 11). Subuncus conical (Fig. 10), ringed (each ring composed by minute, strongly sclerotized, quite numerous denticulations). Etymology: From the Latin, multi: several and plaga: ulcer, wound, injury, according to the occur- rence of more forewing hyaline, non-scaled, subapical areas than in its eventually most similar species. Discussion: E. multiplagata Bivar de Sousa & Mendes, sp. n. seems particularly similar to E. nottoana (Wallengren, 1857), known by 3 subspecies (Fig. 12), none of which known to occur along the western African countries: Nominate subspecies flies in South Africa (Eastern Cape, Natal), Zimbab- we, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya Uganda and Ethiopia; E. nottoana knysna (Mabille, 1887)

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ON THE GENUS EAGRIS GUENÉE, 1863 IN ANGOLA

is endemic from the Knysna forest in the Cape Province, South Africa; and E. nottoana smithi (Mabille, 1887) seems exclusive from the south-western Madagascar. In both, E. nottoana (Wallengren, 1857) and E. multiplagata Bivar de Sousa & Mendes, sp. n., the sexual dimorphism is pronounced: the males are black or dark brown mainly on the upper surface (darker in E. nottoana) and they almost completely lack hyaline spots; the females show whitish (with dark dots) ventral hindwing surface, they are, as a whole, much lighter than the males and present several small and big hyaline areas (also DICKSON & KROON, 1978, KIELLAND, 1990 and LARSEN, 1996). New species is well characterised mainly due to the supplementary small hyaline areas of the forewing (two more in the female, one more in the male relatively to the rule in E. nottoana), due to the lighter colour, mainly of the ventral surface of the wings, especially the hindwing in the male and the forewing in the female, and because of the male genitalia. LARSEN (1996), considers that the nominate subspecies of E. nottoana occurs in Madagascar also, and discusses the great similarity between the males of E. nottoana and of Sarangesa brigida atra Evans, 1937 (which real inclusion in S. brigida is later discussed by himself - LARSEN, 2005) but a costal fold is clear in the Angolan male, what pre- vents its inclusion in Sarangesa; he reinforces, further, that in E. nottoana there are as a rule 2 quite small apical hyaline dots at the male forewing apex but when 3 dots do occur they are linear, the middle one never “displaced inside” as it happens with S. brigida; in the male of the new species, the middle apical dot is “displaced outside” (as in E. nottoana when with 3 points) to use the same kind of words. If we compare the E. multiplagata Bivar de Sousa & Mendes, sp. n. male genitalia to what was represented by EVANS (1937) relatively to E. nottoana, several differences are detectable, though the gener- al design fairly agrees with those of all the males genitalias represented to the genus; main dissimilari- ties concern the uncus (longer and more delicate in E. multiplagata), its lateral expansions (much more proximally inserted in the Angolan species) and the valvae (represented as symmetrical in E. nottoana), with distinct proportions, ending in 3 minute teeth and with a different morphology. Biotype: The type-specimens were collected along a forest road, in a mosaic of dense forest plus tree and shrub savannah, as defined by GRANDVAUX BARBOSA (1970).

Eagris tigris tigris Evans, 1937 Material examined: None. EVANS (1937) assigns material from Angola, to which none precise location is reported. The subspecies is known after ACKERY et al. (1995) in damp forested biotypes from eastern Uganda, former Zaire and southern Sudan to Angola, Cameroon, Nigeria and Ivory Coast; a second subspecies (E. tigris kayonza Evans, 1956) flies in the south-western Uganda; LARSEN (2005), when describing one other subspecies (E. tigris liberti Collins & Larsen, 2005 - types from Nigeria, Ghana and Cameroon) considers the nominate subspecies extends along Cameroon and West Africa and that the Central African Republic population will be intermediate to the easternmost nominate subspecies and do not recognizes Evan’s 1956 subspecies.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ACKERY, P. R., SMITH, C. R. & VANE-WRIGHT, R. I., 1995.– Carcasson’s African Butterflies: An Annotated Catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region: IX + 803 pp. The Natural Histo- ry Museum, London. AURIVILLIUS, C., 1928.– Les Macrolepidoptères de la Faune Ethiopiènne. Diurnes Ethiopiens. In A. SEITZ. Les Macrolepidoptères du Globe, 13(4): 615 pp., 80 pl. DICKSON, C. G. C. & KROON, D. M. (eds.) 1978.– Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa: 670 pp. Ad. Donker Publ., Johannesburg & London. DRUCE, H., 1875.– A list of the collection of diurnal Lepidoptera made by J. J. Monteiro in Angola with description of some new species.– Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 1875: 406-417. EVANS, W. H., 1937.– A Catalogue of the African Hesperiidae Indicating the Classification and Nomenclature Adopted in the British Museum: 212 pp., 30 pls. British Museum Natural History, London.

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GRANDVAUX BARBOSA, L. A., 1970.– Carta Fitogeográfica de Angola: XII + 323 pp. Instituto de Investigação de Angola. Luanda KIELLAND, J. 1990.– The Butterflies of Tanzania: 363 pp. Hill House. Melbourne & London. LARSEN, T. B., 1996.– The Butterflies of Kenya and Their Natural History: 500 pp., 64 pls. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, Tokyo. LARSEN, T. B., 2005.– Butterflies of West Africa, 1: 595 pp., 2: 270 pp. Apollo Books. Stenstrup.

A. B. S. L. F. M. Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical Apartado, 8221 Rua da Junqueira, 14 PT-1800-001 Lisboa PT-1300-343 Lisboa PORTUGAL / PORTUGAL PORTUGAL / PORTUGAL E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]

(Recibido para publicación / Received for publication 12-II-2007) (Revisado y aceptado / Revised and accepted 20-III-2007)

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1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8 Figs. 1-8.– 1. Eagris lucetia 1, dorsal. 2. E. lucetia 0, dorsal. 3. E. multiplagata Bivar de Sousa & Mendes, sp. n., 1 holotype, dorsal. 4. E. multiplagata Bivar de Sousa & Mendes, sp. n., 1 holotype, ventral. 5. E. multiplagata Bivar de Sousa & Mendes, sp. n. 0 allotype, dorsal. 6. E. multiplagata Bivar de Sousa & Mendes, sp. n., 1 holotype, ventral. 7. E. multiplagata Bivar de Sousa & Mendes, sp. n. 1 holotype, hyaline points of the forewing subapical area. 8. E. multiplagata Bivar de Sousa & Mendes, sp. n. 0 allotype, hyaline points of the forewing subapical area.

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9 10 11

NIG TCH SEN MALI HVO SOU GUI BEN NIGA ETH SOM SRL GHA RCI LIB TOG RCA CAM PR OUG EN ST RDC GAB ZAI RW BU TAN

COM ANG MAL ZAM

MOZ ZIM MAD NAM BOT

RSA

E. multiplagata Bivar de Sousa & Mendes, sp. n. .... E. n. nottoana (Walengren, 1857) ...... E. nottoana knysna (Mabille, 1887) ...... 12 E. nottoana smithi (Mabille, 1887)......

Figs. 9-12.– 9. Eagris multiplagata Bivar de Sousa & Mendes, sp. n. 1 holotype, uncus, dorsal view. 10. Uncus and subuncus, lateral view. 11. Valves. 12. Known geographical range of E. nottoana ssp. and of E. multiplagata Bivar de Sousa & Mendes, sp. n. Scales: 0.5 mm.

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