Planning Application Report

PLANNING APPLICATION REPORT

This copied documentPROPOSED is made available2 LOT SUBDIVISIONfor the sole purpose of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. This document must 35 not Racecourse be used for any Road purpose which may breachPyalong any copyright. (Property No 105554)

Client: Fred Parker

October 2020 Planright Ref: CS95

24A Sydney Street, Kilmore VIC 3764

Planright Ref: CS9598 October 2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION / PROPOSAL

2. SUBJECT LAND

3. MITCHELL SHIRE COUNCIL PLANNING SCHEME

3.1 LOCAL PLANNING POLICY FRAMEWORK

3.2 DECISION GUIDELINES 3.3.1 Zone and Overlay Controls

4 CONCLUSION AND NOTES

Appendix A Certificate of Title

Appendix B Proposed Plan of Subdivision

Appendix C Flora and Fauna Report

Appendix D Land Capability Assessment (LCA) Report

Appendix E Site Photos

Planright Ref: CS9598 October 2020

INTRODUCTION / PROPOSAL

This report is provided in support of an application for a Planning Permit to subdivide an allotment at 35 Racecourse Road, Pyalong. The total land size is 8.23 Hectares

The subject site is zoned Rural Living Zone Schedule 1 and currently fronts an existing sealed road (Racecourse Road).

The proposal is to subdivide the land into two blocks, both being over 4 hectares (4.02 ha and 4.22 ha respectively) *See Appendix B.

The current owners have previously obtained a planning permit to subdivide the land into 2 lots but it was allowed to lapse due to the owners ill health.

There is an existing dwelling in the north west corner of the property and this will be retained wholly within the proposed Lot 1.

SUBJECT LAND

The subject land is Lot 1 PS127537, Township of Pyalong, Parish of Pyalong County of Dalhousie and is commonly known as 35 Racecourse Road, Pyalong.

The property is located on the north western edge of Pyalong’s town centre in a well established area where lots sizes of approximately 2ha are most common. The land is 8.23 ha in size and is zoned Rural Living Zone (Schedule ) in line with the majority of all land to the west of Pyalong’s township.

The subject site is surrounded on all sides by land that has previously been subdivided to create approximately 2 ha sites (minimum lot size under the RLZ). * See Figure 2 The proposed lot sizes of this development are larger than these (4 ha) owing largely to the desire of the landowners to retain all existing vegetation on site whilst making sure that all relevant setbacks from dams and drainage lines traversing the site are met comfortably.

There is a waterwayThis copied that dissects document the is property made available in primarily for the an sole east/west purpose direction. of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. This document must not be used for any purpose which may breach any copyright.

Planright Ref: CS9598 October 2020

Figure 1: Large pockets of RLZ land to the west of Pyalong

The property is treed with 3 distinct tree belts and patches, one along the road reserve of Racecourse Road, one in a east/west direction dissection the property and one in the front quarter of the proposedThis Lot 2.copied No vegetation document isremoval made availableis required for tothe fac soleilitate purpose this subdivision and all efforts have been made toof ensureenabling this its bconsiderationy creating an & irregularreview as shaped part of alot planning boundary between Lot 1 & 2. process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. It is a regular shaped allotment.This document must not be used for any purpose which may breach any copyright. The site slopes gently away from Racecourse Road towards the middle of the property.

There are 2 dams and these will be divided between the lots with one on each.

There is one existing dwelling on the site which will be retained as part of what will become the proposed Lot 1.

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Figure 2 : All surrounding sites are approximately 2ha in size

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LOCATION OF SITE

Figure 3: Satellite View

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3. MITCHELL SHIRE COUNCIL PLANNING SCHEME 3.2 STATE & LOCAL PLANNING POLICY FRAMEWORK

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Pyalong Structure Plan

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The proposed development supports and meets the expectations of the local planning policies, in in keeping with the aims of the Pyalong Structure Plan and provides an opportunity for modest growth.

Key strategic issues identified in the Municipal Strategic Statement (MSS) relate to the orderly development of the Shire’s main townships, so as to maximise infrastructure utilisation, manage the rural interface and protect agricultural activity on the urban perimeters. It also includes accommodating diverse house and lifestyle preferences of the Shire’s population.

The proposed subdivision involves a parcel of land located within the Rural Living Zone, in keeping with large pockets of land in Pyalong. It is envisaged that the proposed newly created allotment (Lot 2) will be utilised for residential use. It is considered that the proposed subdivision of the subject land into two allotments accords with the Objectives and Strategies of the MSS.

The development is supported by Clause 11.02-1 of the State Planning Policy in regards to the supply of urban land and Clauses 16.01-4 & 5 in relation to the provision of housing diversity and affordability.

3.3 DECISION GUIDELINES

3.3.1 ZONE AND OVERLAY CONTROLS

The land is located wholly within the Rural Living Zone Schedule 1.

The Schedule relates to the ability of the proposed lots to meet the minimum lot size of 2 hectares as outlined in Figure 5. Both proposed lots will be over 4 hectares thereby easily meeting the minimum lot size.

There are no overlays affecting the subject site.

Figure 4: Rural Living Zone (RLZ) Schedule

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Figure 5: Schedule requirements for RLZ - MET

Figure 6 – No overlays affecting the subject site

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DECISION GUIDELINES OF THE RLZ

General issues

The Municipal Planning Strategy and the *See response at Section 3.2 Planning Policy Framework

Any Regional Catchment Strategy and N/A associated plan applying to the land.

The capability of the land to accommodate the One of the purposes of the Rural Living Zone is proposed use or development. to “Provide for residential use in a rural environment” which is exactly what is imagined for this site.

Whether the site is suitable for the use or It is envisaged that the proposed new parcels development and whether the proposal is will be utilised in very similar ways to all compatible with adjoining and nearby land adjoining/surrounding properties ie small hold This copied document is made available for the sole purpose uses. of enabling its consideration & reviewresidential as part of acreage a planning with some capability to process under the Planning andmanage Environment livestock Act 1987.and other lifestyle pursuits. This document must not be used for any purpose which may Agricultural issues breach any copyright.

The capacity of the site to sustain the The land is currently used to graze a small agricultural use. number of cattle and the proposed subdivision will not impact this other than to possibly limit the herd numbers.

Any integrated land management plan No LMP plan has been prepared as it is felt that prepared for the site. between the full flora and fauna report supplied (*Appendix C), the LCA (*Appendix D) and the lands capability to maintain how it is currently

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used (light grazing of stock) due to the large size of the proposed lots relative to those surrounding the site, it has been demonstrated that the site can sustain what is envisaged will be it’s ongoing use ie residential dwelling and small scale lifestyle uses and animal keeping.

The potential for the future expansion of the Whilst in theory, these proposed lots could be use or development and the impact of this on re-subdivided due to their larger size when adjoining and nearby agricultural and other compared to those adjacent and surrounding land uses. Lot 2 is certainly limited in terms of locations for building envelope sites that meet all the setbacks required by the catchment authority WHILE retaining all existing native vegetation. Hypothetically, Lot 1 could be re-subdivided and meet the minimum lot size of 2 ha under the RLZ it would require the demolition of the existing dwelling. With this in mind, it is unlikely that there will be any further expansion.

Environmental issues

The impact on the natural physical features and No negative impacts on soil or water quality is resources of the area and in particular any expected as building and effluent envelopes impact caused by the proposal on soil and are setback from any dam or waterway that water quality and by the emission of noise, dust exists on the property. and odours. *See Figure 7

The impact of the use or development on the All efforts have been made to ensure that there flora, fauna and landscape features of the be no impact on flora, fauna and landscape locality featres. *see Appendix D This copied document is made available for the sole purpose The need to protect and enhance the All vegetation will be retained of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning biodiversity of the area, including the need to process under the Planning andSee Environment Appendix ActC 1987. retain vegetation andThis faunal document habitat must and not the be used for any purpose which may need to revegetate landbreach including any copyright. riparian buffers along waterways, gullies, ridgelines, property boundaries and saline discharge and recharge area.

The location of on-site effluent disposal areas *See Appendix E to minimise the impact of nutrient loads on waterways and native vegetation.

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Design and siting issues

The impact of the siting, design, height, bulk, The building envelope on the proposed Lot 2 is colours and materials to be used, on the natural in the south eastern corner of the property. environment, major roads, vistas and water features and the measures to be undertaken to Sited here, it means that the closest dwelling minimise any adverse impacts. will be in excess of 100 metres away and the rest over 200 m away.

The impact on the character and appearance All effort has been made to maintain the of the area or features of architectural, historic existing characteristics of the immediate or scientific significance or of natural scenic surrounding area. No vegetation will be beauty or importance. removed and large setbacks maintained.

The location and design of existing and No upgrade in servicing is required to facilitate proposed infrastructure including roads, gas, this development. Lot access will be via the water, drainage, telecommunications and existing road, power is available via an sewerage facilities. easement that dissects both Lot 1 & 2, no sewerage or town water is available.

Whether the use or development will require Not Applicable traffic management measures.

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Figure 7: Location of Building and Effluent Envelope on Lot 2

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Figure 8: Approximate distances to dwellings in different ownership. This copied document is made available for the sole purpose 7.0 CONCLUSIONof enabling AND itsNOTES consideration & review as part of a planning process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. The proposal meets allThis the documentobjectives must and notstandards be used requiredfor any purpose under whichthe Mitchell may Shire Planning Scheme for the creation ofbreach a two anylot subdivision copyright. within a Rural Living Zone (Schedule ).

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Appendix A: Title Information

Copyright State of Victoria. This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) and for the purposes of Section 32 of the Sale of Land Act 1962 (Vic) or pursuant to a written agreement. The information is only valid at the time and in the form obtained from the LANDATA REGD TM System. None of the State of Victoria, LANDATA REGD TM System, Victorian Land Registry Services Pty. Ltd. ABN 86 627 986 396 as trustee for the Victorian Land Registry Services Trust ABN 83 206 746 897 accept responsibility for any subsequent release, publication or reproduction of the information.

VOLUME 09302 FOLIO 929 Security no : 124086237621J Produced 26/10/2020 01:47 PM

LAND DESCRIPTION

Lot 1 on Plan of Subdivision 127537. PARENT TITLE Volume 09158 Folio 311 Created by instrument H222552 05/09/1978

REGISTERED PROPRIETOR

Estate Fee Simple Joint Proprietors FREDERICK LEONARD PARKER THERESA JENNIFER PARKER both of RACECOURSE RD. PYALONG 3521 AB087553M 19/02/2002

ENCUMBRANCES, CAVEATS AND NOTICES

MORTGAGE AH917542S 29/04/2011 BENDIGO AND ADELAIDE BANK LTD

Any encumbrances created by Section 98 Transfer of Land Act 1958 or Section 24 Subdivision Act 1988 and any other encumbrances shown or entered on the plan or imaged folio set out under DIAGRAM LOCATION below.

DIAGRAM LOCATION

SEE LP127537 FOR FURTHER DETAILS AND BOUNDARIES

ACTIVITY IN THE LAST 125 DAYS

NIL This copied document is made available for the sole purpose ------ENDof enabling its considerationOF REGISTER &SEARCH review asSTATEMENT------part of a planning process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. Additional information: (not part of the Register Search Statement) This document must not be used for any purpose which may Street Address: 35 RACECOURSEbreach any ROAD copyright. PYALONG VIC 3521

ADMINISTRATIVE NOTICES

NIL eCT Control 03500L BENDIGO AND ADELAIDE BANK LTD - SAFE CUSTODY Effective from 21/07/2017

DOCUMENT END

Title 9302/929 Page 1 of 1 This copied document is made available for the sole purpose of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. This document must not be used for any purpose which may breach any copyright. Planright Ref: CS9598 October 2020

Appendix B: Plan of Subdivision

® DIAL BEFORE

YOUwww.1100.com.au DIG The Essential First Step Planright Ref: CS9598 October 2020

Appendix D: Flora and Fauna Report

FLORA AND FAUNA ASSESSMENT AND NET LOSS REPORTING – 35 RACECOURSE ROAD PYALONG

Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

Submitted to: Michelle Duggan Planright Pty. Ltd. 24B Sydney Road Kilmore VIC 3764

Phone: 03 5783 3488 Email: [email protected]

Submitted by: Hamilton Environmental Services 2345 Benalla-Tatong Rd. TATONG VIC 3673

Phone: 03 5767 2358 Mobile: 0409 356 331 Email: [email protected] ABN: 89 108 410 911

Version 2, 15th October 2020

Privileged: The information herein is of a privileged and private nature, and as such, all rights thereto are reserved. This copied document is made available for the sole purpose of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning This document shall not, in part or whole, be lent, reproduced, stored in a retrieval processsystem, under or transmittedthe Planning in any and shape Environment or form or by Actany means1987. electronic, Thismechanical, document photocopying, must not berecording, used forverbal, any left purpose in exposed which and/ ormay unattended breachposition orany otherwise copyright. used without the prior permission of Hamilton Environmental Services or their duly qualified agents in writing.

Cover Photo: Looking north across proposed Lot 2. Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction ...... 1 2. Background ...... 1 2.1 Site Location, Description and Zones ...... 1 2.2 Bioregion and Ecological Vegetation Class ...... 2 2.3 Land Tenure and Planning Scheme ...... 4 3. Method ...... 4 3.1 Desktop Review ...... 4 3.2 Field Assessment ...... 4 3.3 Taxonomy ...... 5 3.3.1 Flora ...... 5 3.3.2 Fauna ...... 5 4. Flora and Fauna Assessment ...... 5 4.1 Vegetation ...... 5 4.2 Fauna ...... 7 4.3 Significant Trees ...... 9 4.4 Patches ...... 10 5. Net Gain and Loss Reporting ...... 15 5.1 Avoid and Minimise ...... 15 5.2 Quantification of losses ...... 15 6. References ...... 15 6.1 Personal Communication ...... 16 Appendix A Flora Inventory of 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong ...... 17 Appendix B EVC Benchmark Description ...... 20 Appendix C Observed or Inferred Fauna at 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong ...... 23 Appendix D Significant Tree Locations ...... 25 Appendix E EPBC and Victorian Threatened Species and Likelihood of Occurrence ...... 31

iii

Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

1. INTRODUCTION

The landholders of 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong are seeking to undertake a two lot subdivision of the property; both proposed lots are > 0.4 ha in area. In February 2020, Hamilton Environmental Services (HES) was engaged by Planright Kilmore, on behalf of the landholder, to undertake a vegetation assessment of the property, and to prepare a Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Report accordingly to support the subdivision application. Dr. Steve Hamilton undertook a field evaluation of the site on the 12th March 2020. Any proposed native vegetation losses will be submitted to the EnSym Native Vegetation Support Team of the Department of Environment, Water, Land and Planning (DELWP), and a Flora and Fauna Report and Net Loss Report will be developed on the basis of all of this information.

2. BACKGROUND 2.1 Site Location, Description and Zones The property is 8.2 ha in area and is found some 1.35 km north-west of Pyalong (Fig. 2-1; VicRoads 60F3)(see Fig. 2-2).

Figure 2-1 Aerial image of the property within the district; the assessed area is outlined with a solid red border (Image from Google Earth 2020). The fenced property is rectangular with approximate dimensions of 315 m east-west and 255 m north-south and has frontage to Racecourse Road on its western boundary (Fig. 2-2).

Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

The property has an existing dwelling, with associated garden area and sheds, in the north-western corner, with the remainder of the property clearly utilised for stock grazing over a substantial period of time up to the current day; this paddock areas has been divided into a series of smaller paddocks; all of these paddock areas have a ground layer dominated by opportunistic perennial and annual introduced species. There is a large stock dam in the north-eastern section of the property, and a smaller dam in the south-western corner (Fig. 2-2). Most of the property has been cleared of woody vegetation; however, there are scattered individuals and patches of River Red Gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and some Yellow Box (E. melliodora) predominantly in the centre and south-western corner of the property. The garden area around the existing dwelling maintains large areas of mown lawn, and has been planted extensively with a range of ornamental exotic and non-indigenous native trees and shrubs, and there are a small number of planted Desert Ash (Fraxinus angustifolium) in the paddock area near the dam. The layout of the proposed subdivision is shown in Fig. 2-2; Lot 1 of 3.99 ha comprises the northern half of the property, and includes the existing dwelling and sheds, while proposed Lot 2 of 4.30 ha is found in the southern half of the property. There is a proposed building envelope of 0.228 ha (2,380 m2) on Lot 3. While Lot 1 has an established access track, the access to Lot 2 from Racecourse Road to the building envelope has a likely 4 m maximum development footprint, and this track must cross the eastern Racecourse Road reserve (see Fig. 2-2). Careful consideration has been given to the location of all of these features of the development, and the alignment of the proposed lot boundary, which have an assumed loss of a 4 m band of any native vegetation extent along their alignment (2 m width either side of the proposed lot boundary), in regard to minimisation and avoidance of any native vegetation loss. As the two proposed lots are both > 0.4 ha, not all native vegetation across the lots are an assumed loss; the assessment for net loss of native vegetation described in this report is based on an evaluation of the proposed lot boundary, building envelope and access track for Lot 2, and the road reserve crossing for this access track (see Fig. 2-2).

2.2 Bioregion and Ecological Vegetation Class The property is wholly within the Central Victorian Uplands Bioregion (Department of Environment, Land Water and Planning [DELWP] 2020a). In Victoria, DELWP have developed an on-line mapping layer that categorises pre-1750 and 2005 natural vegetation communities into Ecological Vegetation Classes (EVCs), and have developed EVC This copied document is made available for the sole purpose Benchmark Statements for each of these EVCs that represent the best known example of this EVC. of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning Pre-1750 EVC mappingprocess also undersuggests the that Planning prior to andEuropean Environment settlement, Act the 1987. vegetation of the property was wholly Thisformer document Grassy Woodland must not EVC be (EVC used 175_61 for any; Bioregional purpose whichConservation may Status [BCS] Endangered)(DELWPbreach 2020a any and copyright. 2020b). Ground-truthing was not able to confirm the former presence of the former EVC based on the remaining native vegetation (scattered trees and small patches only), so it has been assumed that the categorisation is accurate. The relevant EVC Benchmark Statement referred to above can be seen in Appendix C.

Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

This copied document is made available for the sole purpose of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. This document must not be used for any purpose which may breach any copyright. Figure 2-2 Aerial image of the property showing the proposed two lot layout, showing the proposed building envelope for Lot 2 and access track alignment (Image from Department of Sustainability and Environment [DSE] 2004, with an inset from Google Earth dated 11/5/15).

Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

2.3 Land Tenure and Planning Scheme The property is Lot 1 LP127537 (Council Property Number 113596) within the Township of Pyalong, within the Mitchell Shire Council area. The property is wholly Rural Living Zone, with an Erosion Management Overlay and an Environmental Significance Overlay across the whole property (from DELWP 2020d). The property is also considered a Designated Bushfire Prone Area (from DELWP 2020d).

3. METHOD

3.1 Desktop Review The following desktop information was gathered on the various land parcels assessed before field evaluation: • Aerial imagery; • Planning information; • Both pre-1750 and current EVC mapping; • Relevant EVC benchmark documents; • Threatened species sightings within a 10 km radius of the site using the Victorian Biodiversity Atlas (DELWP 2020c), NatureKit (DELWP 2020b), and the Matters of National Environmental Significance search tool (Department of Agriculture, Water and Environment [DAWE]). Following assessments, derived flora and fauna lists were checked against reference lists of rare and threatened species in Victoria (DSE 2009 and 2013, and Department of Environment and Primary Industries [DEPI] 2014).

3.2 Field Assessment On the 12th March 2020, Dr. Steve Hamilton visited the site to undertake the assessment. On the days of observation, air temperatures were between 14 and 18C, skies were cloudy, and the winds were calm (Bureau of Meteorology 2020).

The propertyThis was copied traversed document by foot, with is made continuous available active for searching the sole for purpose flora and fauna conducted over a total periodof enabling of 1 ½ hour its sconsideration in the pertinent & proposed review as lot part boundary of a planning areas and access track alignments of the processproperty ,under and the the eastern Planning road andreserve Environment of Racecourse Act Road, 1987. with the following assessments undertaken:This document must not be used for any purpose which may • Compilation of a detailedbreach flora any species copyright. list, including the attribution of cover/abundance to each species; • Casual sightings of fauna noted; • A Patch of native vegetation is either: an area of vegetation where at least 25 % of the total perennial understorey plant cover is native, or any area with three or more native canopy trees where the drip line of each tree touches the drip line of at least one other tree, forming a continuous canopy, or any mapped wetland included in the current wetlands map, available in DELWP systems and tools and these areas were mapped (DELWP 2017); • A Vegetation Quality Assessment was completed if any Patches were defined to determine the potential Net Loss under the 2017 Native Vegetation Removal Guidelines;

Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

• The individual recording of any significant indigenous trees (i.e. > 3 m in height) that were likely to be within the extent for options for the proposed lots and building envelopes, including their geo-location by GPS, diameter at breast height (dbh), their health, and presence of hollows; • A Scattered Tree is a native canopy tree that does not form part of a Patch (DELWP 2017); • Recording and location of any specific instances related to land management, such as noxious weed or pest animal infestations, etc.; • Digital images across the sites taken from geo-located points. One hundred and nineteen (119) images were taken during the assessment.

3.3 Taxonomy 3.3.1 Flora Specimens were identified using the Flora of Victoria (Walsh and Entwisle 1994, 1996 and 1999), and Flora of Victoria On-line (Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria 2020). 3.3.2 Fauna A list of fauna present across the sites was compiled, with the nomenclature based variously on the compilations of Hero et al. (1991), Menkhorst (1995), Cogger (1996) and Simpson and Day (1998), and utilising Triggs (1996) for identification using indirect methods, such as the presence of scats or tracks.

4. FLORA AND FAUNA ASSESSMENT

4.1 Vegetation The inventory of species noted across the area of evaluation is recorded in Appendix A. A total of 28 vascular plant species were recorded across the assessed paddock area of the property; 18 of these species were introduced, and 10 were indigenous species. Victorian Biodiversity Atlas, NatureKit and Matters of National Environmental Significance searches revealed that there were records of ten threatened flora recorded or likely to occur within a 10 km radius of the property; however, likelihood analysis based on site disturbance and available habitat of the assessedThis area copied indicates document that none is made of these available species arefor likelythe sole to be purpose found on -site (DELWP 2020c, DAWE 2020of enabling; Appendix its E). consideration This assessment & review is based as on part the higof ah levelplanning of distur bance across the assessed area,process and it is highlyunder unlikely the Planning that any and of these Environment species would Act 1987.be found or would recruit into the site. It is alsoThis unlikely document that three must of these not be species used would for any have purpose ever been which found may in this EVC and habitat. breach any copyright. Matters of National Environmental Significance searching also identified as the nationally endangered Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Grasslands of South-eastern Australia, and the critically endangered White Box-Yellow Box-Blakely’s Red Gum Grassy Woodland and Derived Native Grassland, Natural Temperate Grassland of the Victorian Volcanic Plain, and the Grassy Eucalypt Woodland of the Victorian Volcanic Plain communities could occur within a 10 km radius of the property (DAWE 2020). The site is not within the Victorian Volcanic Plain Bioregion, and White Box and Blakely’s Red Gum were not found on site. It is likely that the assessed site was a mixed woodland of River Red Gum and Yellow Box prior to European settlement; however, given the level of clearance, only juvenile and mature tree individuals of these species remain.

Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

158

191 189 190

Plate 4-1 Typical views of Lot 1. Pertinent trees are numbered. As indicated previously, the majority of the property has been cleared of woody vegetation and subjected to long-term stock grazing; however, there are scattered individuals and patches of River Red Gum and some Yellow Box predominantly in the centre and south-western corner of the property. While there are some 10-year-old saplings across the site, most of the individuals are older; there are some large hollow-bearing trees present, but the majority of the tree individuals are multi-stemmed, and clearly show signs of having been coppiced by stock when within grazing height. The garden area around the existing dwelling maintains large areas of mown lawn, and has been planted extensivelyThis copied with adocument range of ornamental is made available exotic and for non the-indigenous sole purpose native trees and shrubs, and there are aof small enabling number its of consideration planted Desert & Ash review in the as paddock part of area a planning near the dam in the north- eastern corner of theprocess property under. the Planning and Environment Act 1987. Both the property andThis eastern document Racecourse must Road not bereserve used (notably for any in purpose the specific which location may where the access track will cross thebreach road reserve) any copyright. do not maintain any indigenous shrub other than two grazing-damaged individuals of Chinese Scrub; the ground layer across the property is dominated by opportunistic perennial and annual introduced species, with species such as Sheep Sorrel, Great Brome, Barley Grass, Annual Veldt-grass, Elegant Hairgrass, Capeweed, Cocksfoot, Common Stork’s- bill, Cat’s Ear, Wimmera Ryegrass, White and Subterranean Clover and Rat’s-tail fescue (70 % projective foliage cover); indigenous species have a very low abundance across the property, and Brown-backed and Bristly Wallaby-grass, Rough Spear-grass, pale Rush, Wood Sorrel, Water Couch and Jersey Cudweed can be found as scattered plants or small patches (< 1 % projective foliage cover; Appendix A).

Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

161 159 160

151 154

14 95

Plate 4-2 Typical views of Lot 1. Lot boundaries are shown as white lines, access tracks as red lines, and building envelopes as green lines. Pertinent trees are numbered. The proposed building envelope and access track for Lot 2 on the freehold land parcel, the alignment of the proposed lot boundary, and the specific area of the Racecourse Road reserve where the access track for Lot 2 will cross, are not native vegetation Patches. Careful consideration has been given to the location of all these features of the development, and the alignment of the proposed lot boundary, regarding minimisation and avoidance of any native vegetation loss, and there is no proposed native vegetation loss. This copied document is made available for the sole purpose 4.2 ofFauna enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. There were 10 species of fauna observed or inferred during the assessment, including five species This document must not be used for any purpose which may that are introduced (See Appendix C). breach any copyright. The species that were noted are typically those observed in paddock and semi-rural environments, such as the indigenous Australian Magpie, Australian Raven, Eastern Grey Kangaroos, Sulphur- crested Cockatoo and Galah, and also includes the widely distributed introduced species Indian Myna, Common Blackbird, Red Fox, Brown Hare and the European Rabbit; the presence of foxes will severely limit the range of indigenous ground fauna that can potentially occupy the site. There were no rare or threatened species observed at the site (DSE 2009 and 2013).

Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

140 127 51

39 178 174

Plate 4-3 Typical views of Lot 2. Lot boundaries are shown as white lines, access tracks as red lines, and building envelopes as green lines. Pertinent trees are numbered. The lack of observed species diversity is not surprising, given that: • most of the property has been cleared and subjected to long-term stock grazing, and therefore the site has experienced significant surface soil disturbance and the ground layer is dominated by introduced opportunistic pasture species, and hence, there is minimal vegetation structure, no indigenous shrub layer or ground layer diversity, and recent woody vegetation regeneration is minimal; This copied document is made available for the sole purpose • there are some scattered remnant large trees with significant hollows present across the of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning property, but there was no fallen wood left on ground across the site, and no standing dead process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. trees; This document must not be used for any purpose which may • while there is a morebreach-or-less any continuous copyright. tree canopy along the Racecourse Road reserves and the connecting West Road to the north, the tree corridors do not connect with a larger remnant vegetation block. Furthermore, the property is approximately 800 m north-west of the Mollison Creek vegetation corridor, to which the property maintains a discontinuous vegetation connection, and based on these characteristics, the property is poorly connected in the landscape; • the likely presence of both a fox and feral cat population. On this basis, for most of the site, there are few opportunities for faunal occupation of the site, in terms of a relatively simplified vegetation structure (i.e. little shrub or emerging tree layer, meaning fewer opportunities for food collection and shelter/protection), and a relative lack of food sources (e.g. lack of nectar producing plants and those producing fleshy fruits).

Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

165

166 170 175 175 179 176 177

Plate 4-4 Views of the Lot 2 access track and road reserve crossing. Lot boundaries are shown as white lines, access tracks as red lines, and building envelopes as green lines. Pertinent trees are numbered. Victorian Biodiversity Atlas, NatureKit and Matters of National Environmental Significance searches revealed thirty eight (38) significant fauna species (excluding aquatic species) previously recorded within 10 km of the property (DELWP 2020c, DAWE 2020; Appendix E). The likelihood of the presence of these species and their likelihood of utilisation of the property was considered, and rated based on the prevailing habitat and habitat quality of the site, the poor landscape connectivity, species habitat preferences, and the currency of known records for species (Appendix D), it is considered that only four (4) of these species may utilise the site, although the usage by any of these species will be highly opportunistic and infrequent. These species are: Barking Owl, Brown Treecreeper, Hooded Robin, and Speckled Warbler. Barking Owls have a large home range and will travel significant distances, and the species has been recorded within proximity relatively recently. Brown Treecreeper, Hooded Robin and the Speckled Warbler are all small woodland foraging birds that will utilise disturbed woodland sites and the adjacent agricultural land. All four species have been observed in relatively proximity to the property in recent times. It is highly unlikely that the other 34 threatened species would utilise the property. As there is no native vegetation loss likely with the proposed subdivision, there will be no impact of the development on the likelihood of the four nominated threatened species utilising the property.

4.3 Significant Trees This copied document is made available for the sole purpose There were 192of trees enabling separately its consideration assessed across & thereview site; asthe part characteristics of a planning and location of all these trees can be seen processin Appendix under D; as the the Planning layout has and been Environment through several Act iterations, 1987. more trees have been assessed than pertinentThis document to the proposed must not layout be used in this for repo anyrt. purpose which may breach any copyright. The location of all assessed trees can be seen in Figures 4-1 to 4-4. Of the 192 assessed trees: • 187 are indigenous trees, a mixture of River Red Gum and Yellow Box individuals of mixed age; o 31 of these indigenous trees (Trees 96 to 126) are < 3 m in height, and are not mature trees that require Planning Permit Approval to be removed (DELWP 2017); • 5 assessed individuals were planted exotic Desert Ash. Construction projects that involve earthworks or soil disturbance can cause indirect losses of native vegetation that are retained during construction due to root damage and soil modification within the zone where roots occur. Of particular concern is the longer-term impact of soil compaction and excavation (e.g. trenching for pipelines) close to trees and the effects of this on immediate and

Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong longer-term tree health. The DSE (now DELWP) has provided guidance and clarity on this issue, and has defined an acceptable distance for tree retention to prevent indirect losses of native vegetation during and after construction activities as a guiding principle. These designated Tree Protection Zones (TPZs) should be implemented for the duration of construction activities (DSE 2011) as part of the development conditions. A TPZ is a specific area above and below the ground, with a radius 12 times the Diameter at Breast Height (dbh; 1.3 m) of any individual tree; the TPZ of trees should be no less than 2 m or greater than 15 m, and it is recommended that physical barriers be erected to delineate the TPZ during construction activities (DSE 2011). Should a development impinge on the TPZ area for > 10 % of its area, the tree shall be considered a loss, and will have to be offset (DSE 2011). Under the Guidelines for the removal, destruction or lopping of native vegetation (DELWP 2017) there are two categories of native vegetation: Scattered Trees or Patches. A Scattered Tree is a native canopy tree that does not form part of a Patch (DELWP 2017). The proposed building envelope and access track for Lot 2 on the freehold land parcel, the alignment of the proposed lot boundary, and the specific area of the Racecourse Road reserve where the access track for Lot 2 will cross, are not native vegetation Patches. Careful consideration has been given to the location of all of these features of the development, and the alignment of the proposed lot boundaries, in regard to minimisation and avoidance of any native vegetation loss, and for any scattered indigenous trees, complete avoidance of the TPZs of these trees within either 4 m width footprint along the alignment of both the proposed lot boundaries and the access track has been achieved, and there is no native vegetation loss likely. Therefore, there are no Scattered Trees proposed for loss. Care will need to be taken regarding all trees within proximity to the proposed lot boundaries and along the access track alignments that their TPZs are not impinged by any proposed development. 4.4 Patches A Patch of native vegetation is either: an area of vegetation where at least 25 % of the total perennial understorey plant cover is native, or any area with three or more native canopy trees where the drip line of each tree touches the drip line of at least one other tree, forming a continuous canopy, or any mapped wetland included in the current wetlands map, available in DELWP systems and tools and these areas were mapped (DELWP 2017). The proposed building envelope and access track for Lot 2 on the freehold land parcel, the alignment of the proposedThis lotcopied boundar documenty, and the is specific made areaavailable of the for Racecourse the sole Roadpurpose reserve where the access track forof Lot enabling 2 will cross, its consideration are not native vegetation& review asPatches part .of a planning Therefore, there aprocessre no native under vegetation the Planning Patches andpropos Environmented for loss. Act 1987. This document must not be used for any purpose which may breach any copyright.

Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

This copied document is made available for the sole purpose of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. This document must not be used for any purpose which may breach any copyright. Figure 4-1 Aerial image showing the location of pertinent assessed trees across the property. Assessed trees are shown as dots (Image from DSE 2004, with an inset from Google Earth dated 11/5/15).

Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

This copied document is made available for the sole purpose of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. This document must not be used for any purpose which may breach any copyright. Figure 4-2 Aerial image showing the location of pertinent assessed trees along the proposed lot boundary. Assessed trees are shown as dots and numbered; numbers refer to the table of tree characteristics in Appendix D. Tree Protection Zones are also shown (Image from Google Earth dated 11/5/15).

Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

This copied document is made available for the sole purpose of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. This document must not be used for any purpose which may breach any copyright. Figure 4-3 Aerial image showing the location of pertinent assessed trees around the access track alignment of proposed Lot 2. Assessed trees are shown as dots and numbered; numbers refer to the table of tree characteristics in Appendix D. Tree Protection Zones are also shown (Image from Google Earth dated 11/5/15).

Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

This copied document is made available for the sole purpose of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. This document must not be used for any purpose which may Figure 4-4 Aerial image showing the location ofbreach pertinent any assessed copyright. trees across proposed Lot 2 in the vicinity of the proposed building envelope and access track. Assessed trees are shown as dots and numbered; numbers refer to the table of tree characteristics in Appendix D. Tree Protection Zones are also shown (Image from Google Earth dated 11/5/15).

Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

5. NET GAIN AND LOSS REPORTING

5.1 Avoid and Minimise As the two proposed lots are all > 0.4 ha, not all native vegetation across the lots are an assumed loss; the assessment for net loss of native vegetation described in this report is based on an evaluation of the proposed lot boundary, building envelope and access track for Lot 2, and the road reserve crossing for this access tracks. There is a proposed building envelope of 0.228 ha (2,280 m2) on Lot 2. This lot has an access track alignment from Racecourse Road to the building envelope that has a likely 4 m maximum development footprint, and this track must cross the eastern Racecourse Road reserve. Careful consideration has been given to the location of all of these features of the development, and the alignment of the proposed lot boundaries, which have an assumed loss of a 4 m band of any native vegetation extent along its alignment (2 m width either side of the proposed lot boundary), in regard to minimisation and avoidance of any native vegetation loss. The proposed building envelope and access track for Lot 2 on the freehold land parcel, the alignment of the various proposed lot boundary, and the specific area of the Racecourse Road reserve where the access track for Lot 2 will cross, are not native vegetation Patches, and no native vegetation Patches will be impacted. In addition, careful consideration has been given to the location of all of these features of the development, in regard to any scattered indigenous trees, and complete avoidance of the TPZs of these trees within either 4 m width footprint along the alignment of both the proposed lot boundary and the access track has been achieved, and there are no Scattered Tree losses likely.

5.2 Quantification of losses There are no Scattered Trees or native vegetation Patches proposed for loss.

6. REFERENCES

Bureau of Meteorology (2020). Puckapunyal West climate data for 12th March 2020. Retrieved 16th April 2020 from: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/dwo/202003/html/IDCJDW3110.202003.shtml

th Cogger, H.G.This (1996). copied Repti documentles and Amphibians is made of available Australia ,for 5 theedition. sole Read purpose Press, Sydney. Department of ofAgriculture, enabling Waterits consideration and Environment & review (DAWE)(2020 as part of). Species a planning Profile and Threats Database. Retrievedprocess 11th March under 2020 the from Planning: http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi and Environment Act 1987. - bin/sprat/public/sprat.plThis document must not be used for any purpose which may breach any copyright. Department of Environment and Primary Industries (DEPI)(2014). Advisory List of Rare or Threatened Plants in Victoria – 2014. Victorian Department of Environment and Primary Industries, East Melbourne. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning (DELWP)(2017). Guidelines for the removal, destruction or lopping of native vegetation. December 2017. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, East Melbourne. DELWP (2020a). EVC bioregional conservation status and benchmark data. Retrieved 11th March 2020 from: http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/DSE/nrence.nsf/LinkView/6FB4886C86D894CACA256F1F00224A8C806 2D358172E420C4A256DEA0012F71C

Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

DELWP (2020b). DELWP NatureKit, Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning. Retrieved 11th March 2020 from: http://maps.biodiversity.vic.gov.au/viewer/?viewer=NatureKit DELWP (2020c). Results from specific 10 km radius searches of the Victorian Biodiversity Atlas from the centre of the property. Retrieved 11th March 2020 from: https://vba.dse.vic.gov.au/vba/login.jsp#/ DELWP (2020d). 35-Racecourse-Road-Pyalong-Vicplan-Planning-Property-Report. Retrieved 11th March 2020 from: http://services.land.vic.gov.au/maps/pmo.jsp Department of Primary Industries (2008). Declared Noxious Weeds – Listed by Common Name. Landcare Note March 2008. Department of Primary Industries, East Melbourne. Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE)(2004). Vegetation Quality Assessment Manual – Guidelines for Applying the Habitat Hectares Scoring Method. Version 1.3. Department of Sustainability and Environment, East Melbourne. DSE (2009). Advisory List of Threatened Invertebrate Fauna in Victoria – 2009. Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment, East Melbourne. DSE (2011). Native vegetation – Technical Information Sheet. Defining an acceptable distance for tree retention during construction works. Department of Sustainability and Environment, East Melbourne. DSE (2013). Advisory List of Threatened Vertebrate Fauna in Victoria – 2013. Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment, East Melbourne. Hero, J., Littlejohn, M. and Marantelli, G. (1991). Frogwatch Field Guide to Victorian Frogs. Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Melbourne. Hnatiuk, R.J. (1990). Census of Australian Vascular Plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series Number 11. Bureau of Flora and Fauna, Canberra. Menkhorst, P. (ed.)(1995). Mammals of Victoria. Distribution, Ecology and Conservation. Oxford University Press, Melbourne. Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria (2020). Flora of Victoria On-line. https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/ Simpson, K. and Day, N. (1998). The Claremont Field Guide to the Birds of Australia, 5th edition. Penguin Books, Sydney. Triggs, B. (1996). Tracks, Scats and Other Traces: a Field Guide to Australian Mammals. Oxford University Press,This Melbourne.copied document is made available for the sole purpose of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning Walsh, N.G. and Entwisle,process T.J under. (eds)(1994). the Planning Flora of and Victoria. Environment Volume 2. Act Ferns, 1987. Conifers, and Monocotyledons. InkataThis Press. document must not be used for any purpose which may Walsh, N.G. and Entwisle,breach T.J. (eds)(1996). any copyright. Flora of Victoria. Volume 3. Dicotyledons. Winteraceae to Myrtaceae. Inkata Press. Walsh, N.G. and Entwisle, T.J. (eds)(1999). Flora of Victoria. Volume 4. Dicotyledons. Comaceae to Asteraceae. Inkata Press.

6.1 Personal Communication Duggan, Michelle (2020). Planright, Kilmore.

Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

APPENDIX A FLORA INVENTORY OF 35 RACECOURSE ROAD PYALONG

Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

Vascular flora have been recorded for presence using a cover-abundance scale that is shown in the Table immediately below. An asterisk denotes an introduced species. Each plant species present were assessed for cover-abundance using the scale outlined below. Nomenclature and taxonomy of plants based variously on Hnatiuk (1990), and Walsh and Entwisle (1994, 1996 and 1999). Visual assessment of cover/abundance Symbol Description + rare, cover < 5% 1 Uncommon, cover < 5 % 2 Very common, cover < 5 % or cover 5-25 % with any number of individuals 3 Cover 25-50 % with any number of individuals 4 Cover 50-75 % with any number of individuals 5 Cover 75-100 % with any number of individuals

Common name Scientific name Lifeform# Property Sheep Sorrel Acetosella vulgaris* MH 2 Elegant Hairgrass Aira elegantissima* MTG 2 Capeweed Arctotheca calendula* MH 1 Brown-backed Wallaby-grass Austrodanthonia duttoniana MTG 2 Bristly Wallaby-grass Austrodanthonia setacea MTG 2 Rough Spear-grass Austrostipa scabra MTG 2 Great Brome Bromus diandrus* LNG 2 Chinese Scrub Cassinia arcuata MS + Cocksfoot Dactylis glomeratus* MTG 2 Annual Veldt-grass Ehrharta longifolia* MTG 1 Common Stork’s-bill Erodium cicutarium* MH 2 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis T 2 Yellow Box Eucalyptus melliodora T 2 Desert Ash (planted) Fraxinus angustifolia* T 1 Barley Grass Hordeum murinum* MTG 2 Cat's Ear Hypochaeris radicata* MH 2 Pale Rush Juncus pallidus LTG 1 This copied document is made available for the sole purpose Hen’s Bit Lamium amplexicaule* MH 2 of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning Lolium rigidum* Wimmera Ryegrassprocess under the Planning and Environment Act 1987.MTG 1 Small-flowered MallowThis document Ma mustlva parvifolium* not be used for any purposeMH which may + Wood Sorrel breach anyOxalis copyright. perennans MH 1 Water Couch Paspalum distichum MNG 1 Jersey Cudweed Pseudognaphalium luteo-album MH + Blackberry Nightshade Solanum nigrum* MH + White Clover Trifolium repens* MH 2 Subterranean Clover Trifolium subterraneum* MH 2 Small Nettle Urtica urens* MH + Rat’s-tail Fescue Vulpia myuros* MTG 2

Indigenous species ground layer projective foliage cover (%) < 1 Introduced species ground layer projective foliage cover (%) 70

Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

Common name Scientific name Lifeform# Property Leaf litter cover (%) 5 Bare earth/gravel cover (%) 25

# abbreviations for lifeform for indigenous species are T = tree, MS = medium shrub, SS = small shrub, LH = large herb, MH = medium herb, SH = small herb, LTG = large tufted graminoid, MTG = medium tufted graminoid, STG = small tufted graminoid, MNG = medium non-tufted graminoid, SC = scrambler/climber, GF = ground fern, P = parasite.

Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

APPENDIX B EVC BENCHMARK DESCRIPTION

Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

APPENDIX C OBSERVED OR INFERRED FAUNA AT 35 RACECOURSE ROAD PYALONG

Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

Observed or inferred fauna at the property between 7.30 and 9.00 am on the 12th March 2020. An asterisk indicates an introduced species.

Mode of Common name Scientific name observation1 Birds Australian King Parrot Alisterus scapularis A,V Australian Magpie Gymnorhina tibicen A,V Australian Raven Corvus coronoides A,V Australian White Ibis Threskiornis molucca V Australian Wood Duck Chenonetta jubata A,V Crimson Rosella Platycercus elegans A,V Eastern Rosella Platycercus eximius A,V Galah Eolophus roseicapilla A,V Magpie-lark Grallina cyanoleuca A Sulphur-crested Cockatoo Cacatua galerita A,V Mammals Brown Hare Lepus europaeus* V Eastern Grey Kangaroo Macropus giganteus V,S Red Fox Vulpes vulpes* V

1. Method observed: V is visual observation; C is call heard; N indicates a nest observed; S is scat found.

Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

APPENDIX D SIGNIFICANT TREE LOCATIONS

Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

2 Tree Tree locations Common name Scientific name Diameter1 number Easting Northing 1 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 70 308376 5890392 2 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 85 308381 5890389 3 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 35/35 308385 5890386 4 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 70/30 308385 5890380 5 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 60/50 308416 5890380 6 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 60/25 308433 5890379 7 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 15 308449 5890380 8 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 35 308452 5890381 9 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 50 308455 5890368 10 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 25/30/10 308458 5890368 11 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 8 308462 5890368 12 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 10 308461 5890369 13 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 20/15 308464 5890370 14 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 10 308466 5890369 15 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 28 308462 5890378 16 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 38 308462 5890386 17 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 15 308469 5890384 18 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 15/10/10 308465 5890381 19 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 10 308467 5890385 20 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 38 308471 5890386 21 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 30 308473 5890388 22 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 40 308469 5890383 23 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 15 308470 5890380 24 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 65/40 308474 5890381 25 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 25 308473 5890385 26 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 35/30/30 308479 5890388 27 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 40 308482 5890391 28 ThisRiver copied Red Gum document Eucalyptus is made camaldulensis available for the sole30 purpose 308476 5890383 29 ofRiver enabling Red Gum its considerationEucalyptus camaldulensis & review as part of 30a planning 308480 5890384 process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. Eucalyptus camaldulensis 30 River RedThis Gum document must not be used for any purpose20 which308479 may 5890378 31 River Red breachGum anyEucalyptus copyright. camaldulensis 60 308502 5890384 32 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 35/25/20 308501 5890393 33 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 25/10/10 308506 5890391 34 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 35/20/10 308509 5890391 35 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 50 308512 5890391 36 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 35/30/20 308515 5890393 37 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 80 308544 5890380 38 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 55 308547 5890380 39 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 50 308549 5890380 40 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 30/30 308573 5890382

26 Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

2 Tree Tree locations Common name Scientific name Diameter1 number Easting Northing 41 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 35 308491 5890329 42 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 30/28 308483 5890335 43 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 20 308486 5890340 44 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 35/20/20 308467 5890325 45 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 60/50/30/30/20x4 308467 5890329 46 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 160 308469 5890345 47 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 25 308465 5890348 48 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 35 308460 5890343 49 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 50 308384 5890306 50 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 65 308383 5890328 51 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 35/35/30 308391 5890328 52 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 25 308403 5890355 53 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 25 308413 5890360 54 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 48 308416 5890357 55 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 28/25 308417 5890352 56 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 15 308414 5890348 57 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 35/15x3 308413 5890339 58 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 30 308414 5890343 59 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 35/20 308421 5890343 60 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 25/25 308427 5890343 61 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 35/35 308427 5890347 62 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 35/30/20 308426 5890349 63 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 40/10 308424 5890351 64 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 50 308424 5890359 65 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 35/35 308428 5890356 66 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 8/8 308432 5890352 67 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 35 308435 5890350 68 ThisRiver copied Red Gum document Eucalyptus is made camaldulensis available for the sole8 purpose 308434 5890346 69 ofRiver enabling Red Gum its considerationEucalyptus camaldulensis & review as part of 25a planning 308438 5890348 process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. Eucalyptus camaldulensis 70 River RedThis Gum document must not be used for any purpose35 which308439 may 5890346 71 River Red breachGum anyEucalyptus copyright. camaldulensis 8 308439 5890344 72 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 5 308442 5890345 73 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 10 308445 5890342 74 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 10 308442 5890348 75 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 30 308440 5890350 76 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 35 308440 5890350 77 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 20 308444 5890354 78 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 10 308445 5890351 79 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 20 308445 5890350 80 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 20/10 308447 5890345

27 Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

2 Tree Tree locations Common name Scientific name Diameter1 number Easting Northing 81 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 25/20/10 308447 5890349 82 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 25/10 308448 5890344 83 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 20 308444 5890342 84 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 38/25/10 308447 5890354 85 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 10 308441 5890354 86 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 25 308455 5890359 87 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 25 308449 5890358 88 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 30/20 308459 5890359 89 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 35 308452 5890363 90 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 35 308463 5890365 91 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 15/10/10 308461 5890363 92 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 30/15 308462 5890361 93 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 20 308461 5890359 94 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 20 308457 5890356 95 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 25/25 308479 5890356 96 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308462 5890384 97 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308465 5890384 98 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308463 5890382 99 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308465 5890386 100 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308475 5890386 101 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308478 5890379 102 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308416 5890344 103 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308437 5890354 104 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308444 5890346 105 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308445 5890347 106 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308446 5890347 107 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308448 5890345 108 ThisRiver copied Red Gum document Eucalyptus is made camaldulensis available for the< 3sole m height purpose 308447 5890347 109 ofRiver enabling Red Gum its considerationEucalyptus camaldulensis & review as part< 3 of m aheight planning 308451 5890347 process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. Eucalyptus camaldulensis 110 River RedThis Gum document must not be used for any< 3 mpurpose height which308449 may 5890347 111 River Red breachGum anyEucalyptus copyright. camaldulensis < 3 m height 308448 5890348 112 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308446 5890352 113 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308449 5890350 114 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308448 5890352 115 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308448 5890349 116 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308448 5890353 117 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308447 5890352 118 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308446 5890353 119 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308445 5890353 120 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308445 5890349

28 Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

2 Tree Tree locations Common name Scientific name Diameter1 number Easting Northing 121 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308444 5890348 122 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308443 5890348 123 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308442 5890352 124 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308442 5890351 125 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308440 5890346 126 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis < 3 m height 308461 5890361 127 Yellow Box Eucalyptus melliodora 130 308532 5890315 128 Yellow Box Eucalyptus melliodora 25 308403 5890341 129 Yellow Box Eucalyptus melliodora 25/15x4 308401 5890345 130 Yellow Box Eucalyptus melliodora 35/30 308403 5890347 131 Yellow Box Eucalyptus melliodora 25 308405 5890350 132 Yellow Box Eucalyptus melliodora 15 308401 5890349 133 Yellow Box Eucalyptus melliodora 15/10 308404 5890349 134 Yellow Box Eucalyptus melliodora 30 308402 5890351 135 Yellow Box Eucalyptus melliodora 15x3 308404 5890353 136 Yellow Box Eucalyptus melliodora 30/30 308404 5890357 137 Yellow Box Eucalyptus melliodora 25/20 308409 5890364 138 Yellow Box Eucalyptus melliodora 25 308403 5890359 139 Yellow Box Eucalyptus melliodora 35/25x4 308418 5890339 140 Yellow Box Eucalyptus melliodora 35/30 308418 5890333 141 Yellow Box Eucalyptus melliodora 40/30/30 308422 5890336 142 Yellow Box Eucalyptus melliodora 25/20 308430 5890349 143 Desert Ash (planted) Fraxinus angustifolium* 308517 5890403 144 Desert Ash (planted) Fraxinus angustifolium* 308513 5890401 145 Desert Ash (planted) Fraxinus angustifolium* 308507 5890402 146 Desert Ash (planted) Fraxinus angustifolium* 308507 5890408 147 Desert Ash (planted) Fraxinus angustifolium* 308514 5890407 148 ThisRiver copied Red Gum document Eucalyptus is made camaldulensis available for the 35/25/20sole purpose 308355 5890434 149 ofRiver enabling Red Gum its considerationEucalyptus camaldulensis & review as part of 30a planning 308319 5890405 process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. Eucalyptus camaldulensis 150 River RedThis Gum document must not be used for any 15/10purpose which308315 may 5890399 151 River Red breachGum anyEucalyptus copyright. camaldulensis 20/10 308316 5890395 152 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 10/10 308313 5890390 153 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 15 308316 5890386 154 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 20/15/10 308317 5890381 155 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 20/15 308324 5890391 156 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 38/35/10 308286 5890386 157 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 70 308287 5890395 158 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 70/15 308309 5890429 159 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 38/15 308317 5890359 160 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 30/28/20 308313 5890354

29 Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

2 Tree Tree locations Common name Scientific name Diameter1 number Easting Northing 161 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 30/18/15 308349 5890369 162 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 25/15 308344 5890331 163 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 30/25/15/10 308310 5890337 164 Yellow Box Eucalyptus melliodora 55 308304 5890275 165 Yellow Box Eucalyptus melliodora 75/40 308301 5890310 166 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 35 308305 5890316 167 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 20 308310 5890323 168 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 35/10 308313 5890326 169 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 28 308317 5890329 170 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 15/10 308320 5890322 171 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 10 308327 5890309 172 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 10 308328 5890305 173 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 15/15 308323 5890302 174 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 12/10 308332 5890314 175 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 10 308331 5890307 176 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 20/15/15/10 308369 5890321 177 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 35 308364 5890298 178 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 90 308339 5890296 179 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 30 308360 5890319 180 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 30/20 308355 5890322 181 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 30 308288 5890357 182 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 80 308289 5890363 183 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 70 308287 5890367 184 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 120 308287 5890373 185 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 50/30 308286 5890381 186 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 30 308613 5890263 187 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 150 308624 5890300 188 ThisRiver copied Red Gum document Eucalyptus is made camaldulensis available for the20/15/15/10 sole purpose 308298 5890330 189 ofRiver enabling Red Gum its considerationEucalyptus camaldulensis & review as part of50/50 a planning 308286 5890407 process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. Eucalyptus camaldulensis 190 River RedThis Gum document must not be used for any18/15/10 purpose which308291 may 5890429 191 River Red breachGum anyEucalyptus copyright. camaldulensis 10/8 308287 5890419 192 River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis 50 308351 5890343

1. DBH is diameter at breast height over bark (dbhob; 1.30 m); 2. Location data are northings and eastings of MGAz55 coordinates.

30 Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

APPENDIX E EPBC AND VICTORIAN THREATENED SPECIES AND LIKELIHOOD OF OCCURRENCE

31 Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

List of threatened flora species recorded by the Victorian Biodiversity Atlas in a 10 km radius around the site, and by Matters of National Environmental Significance searching of the district, their status, and their likelihood of occurrence on the sites (DELWP 2020c; DAWE 2020). Conservation Conservation Scientific name Common Name Status Likelihood of Occurrence3 Status (Vic)1 (Comm)2 Wetland/riparian plant. While the waterway and floodplain outside of the proposed development area on the property may have once been Amphibromus fluitans River Swamp Wallaby-grass V suitable habitat, it is unlikely the species would be found because of the extent of modification. No records within 20 km. Likelihood: Highly unlikely to be present This species grows mostly in light soils on sand-hills and sand plains. Site Caladenia tensa Rigid Spider-orchid v E is not suitable habitat. No records of the species within 20 km of the site. Likelihood: Highly unlikely to be present

This very rare species in Victoria would once have been found in habitats such as this site, but this species is now confined in Victoria to Lake Fyans Caladenia versicolor Candy Spider-orchid e,L V and the Stawell region. No records of the species within 20 km of the site. Likelihood: Highly unlikely to be present

A plant of semi-shade in moist swampy soils and along creek edges. While the waterway and floodplain outside of the proposed development area on the property may have once been suitable habitat, it is unlikely Cardamine tenuifolia Slender Bitter-cress k the species would be found because of the extent of modification. Two sightings within 10 km of the site to the north east in 2003. Likelihood: Unlikely to be present The Matted Flax-lily is known from 120 sites in Victoria, although there are thought to be only 50 populations producing seed. This species was thought to be confined to well-drained grasslands and grassy woodland sites in the Victorian Volcanic Plains, South East Coastal Plain, South Dianella amoena Matted Flax-lily e,L E Eastern Highlands and Victorian Midlands bioregions. While some sections of the site may have once been suitable habitat, it is unlikely the species would be found because of the extent of modification. Species not recorded within 20 km. Likelihood: Unlikely to be present This copied document is made available for the sole purpose A plant of moist soils and along creek edges; now confined to the east of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planningand south -west of Melbourne and near the Grampians. While the process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987.waterway and floodplain outside of the proposed development area on Diuris behrii Golden Cowslips v the property may have once been suitable habitat, it is unlikely the This document must not be used for any purposespecies which would may be found because of the extent of modification. Recorded breach any copyright. 15 km north of the site at Tooborac in 1965. Likelihood: Highly unlikely to be present

32 Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

Conservation Conservation Scientific name Common Name Status Likelihood of Occurrence3 Status (Vic)1 (Comm)2 A twining Grassy Woodland species typically found on elevated habitats immediately above the floodplain. While some sections of the site may Glycine latrobeana Clover Glycine v,L V have once been suitable habitat, it is unlikely the species would be found because of the extent of modification. One sighting within 10 km, 9 km north east of the property in 2006. Likelihood: Unlikely to be present This plant now largely occurs on basalt-derived soils west of Melbourne, across the central Victorian volcanic plains, and on alluvial soils across north west Victoria. Recent records are now confined to the east and south-west of Melbourne and near Terrick Terrick NP near Echuca. While Pimelea spinescens ssp. spinescens Spiny Rice-flower e,L CE the waterway and floodplain outside of the proposed development area on the property may have once been suitable habitat it is unlikely the species would be found because of the extent of modification. No records of the species within 20 km of the site. Likelihood: Highly unlikely to be present The species is found from only 4 populations: Yarram, Genoa, Anglesea Thelymitra matthewsii Spiral Sun-orchid V and several populations in the Grampians. Likelihood: Not present

1. e = endangered in Victoria; v = vulnerable in Victoria; r = rare in Victoria; k = insufficiently known in Victoria; L = listed under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (from DEPI 2014). 2. E = endangered nationally; V = vulnerable nationally (DAWE 2020); 3. Habitat descriptions for species obtained from the Flora of Victoria (Walsh and Entwisle 1994, 1996 and 1999), DAWE (2020) and Flora of Victoria online (Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria 2020).

33 Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

List of threatened fauna species recorded by the Victorian Biodiversity Atlas in a 10 km radius around the property, and by Matters of National Environmental Significance searching of the district, their status, and their likelihood of occurrence on the subject land (DELWP 2020c; DAWE 2020). Conservation Conservation Common Name Scientific name Likelihood of Occurrence3 Status (Vic)1 Status (Comm)2 Australasian Bitterns specialise in living in dense beds of reeds and rushes, where they are surprisingly difficult to see, as they are particularly well camouflaged among reeds. Added to this, when alarmed, they stand still with neck stretched upwards and bill pointing skywards. While the Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus e,L E waterway and floodplain outside of the proposed development area on the property may have once been suitable habitat it is unlikely the species would be found because of the extent of modification. Likelihood: Highly unlikely to be present The Australian Painted Snipe inhabits many different types of shallow, brackish or freshwater terrestrial wetlands, especially temporary ones which have muddy margins and small, low-lying islands. Suitable wetlands Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis ce,L E usually support a mosaic of low, patchy vegetation, as well as lignum and Canegrass. No suitable habitat occurs on site. Likelihood: Highly unlikely to be present Inhabits woodland and open forest, including fragmented remnants and partly cleared farmland. It is flexible in its habitat use, and hunting can Ninox connivens extend in to closed forest and more open areas. Sometimes able to Barking Owl e,L successfully breed along timbered watercourses in heavily cleared habitats connivens due to the higher density of prey on these fertile soils. Site does contain some suitable habitat, but there is a lack of connectivity to known locations. Two records of the species at Tooborac in 2011. Likelihood: May be present Occurs in woodlands, and adjacent agricultural land. Assessed area may contain some suitable habitat; however there is poor connectivity to known Bearded Dragon Pogona barbata v locations. One record of the species in 1968 8 km east of Tooborac. Likelihood: Unlikely to be present

Occurs in extensive forests and woodlands, and adjacent agricultural land. Chrysococcyx osculans nt Some sections of the assessed area may be suitable habitat, but there Black-eared Cuckoo This copied document is made available for the sole limitedpurpose connectivity to known locations. One record of the species in 1980 at Chapmans Hill 8 km north of the site. Likelihood: Unlikely to be present of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning process under the Planning and Environment ActThe Black1987.-faced Monarch is found in rainforests, eucalypt woodlands, Migratory This document must not be used for any purposecoastal scru whichb and dampmay gullies. It may be found in more open woodland Black-faced Monarch Monarcha melanopsis Terrestrial when migrating. Site does not contain suitable habitat, and there is a lack of breach any copyright. Species connectivity to known locations. No records of the species within 20 km. Likelihood: Unlikely to be present

34 Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

Conservation Conservation Common Name Scientific name Likelihood of Occurrence3 Status (Vic)1 Status (Comm)2 A once widespread species now known only around Melbourne and SW Victoria, where it hides under fallen timber, rocks etc. in woodlands and forests The Toadlet has been recorded on five occasions to the north and Brown Toadlet Pseudophryne bibronii e,L south of the site within 5 km, While sections of the site may have once been suitable habitat, the site has been heavily disturbed by grazing and clearing. Likelihood: Unlikely to be present

Occurs in intact woodlands, and adjacent agricultural land. Some sections of the assessed area and probably the roadside may still be suitable habitat; Brown Treecreeper (south- Climacteris picumnus however, there is limited connectivity to known locations. There have been nt eastern ssp.) victoriae numerous sightings of the species around Chapman and Hayes Hills and Mount Koala, although none of these are after 1980. Likelihood: May be present An arboreal cryptic species that is usually linked to intact woodlands and Phascogale tapoatafa v,L forests and associated hollows. No such habitat occurs on the site, and the Brush-tailed Phascogale tapoatafa two records are from forested areas near Sugarloaf Creek to the south east. Likelihood: Highly unlikely to be present

The Cattle Egret is found in grasslands, woodlands and wetlands, and is not common in arid areas. It also uses pastures and croplands, especially where Migratory drainage is poor. Will also forage at garbage dumps, and is often seen with Cattle Egret Ardea ibis Wetland Species cattle and other stock. There is no suitable habitat across the assessed areas, and there are no recorded sightings within 20 km. Likelihood: Unlikely to be present

The species is found in woodland, open forest, and heathland and is also known from transitional habitat at the edge of moist forest. The Common Dunnart prefers to inhabit dry woodland dominated by Red Stringybark and Smithinopsis murina Long-leaf Box with tussocks of native grasses as the ground layer. The Common Dunnart v presence of logs and rock are very important as they provide habitat. While murina sections of the site may have once been suitable habitat, the site has been heavily disturbed by grazing and clearing, and there is limited connectivity This copied document is made available for the sole topurpose known locations; two records of the spe3cies close to the site are over 60 years old. Likelihood: Unlikely to be present of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning Crested Bellbirds are well distributed throughout the drier regions of process under the Planning and Environment ActAustralia, 1987. particularly in scrublands dominated by Acacia, but absent from Oreoica gutturalis This document mustnt,L not be used for any purposeparts of thwhiche sandy maydeserts where there is no suitable habitat. The site is not Crested Bellbird gutturalis typical suitable habitat, with limited connectivity to known locations. Three breach any copyright. records of the species in 1976 and 1977 at Chapman Hill 8 km north of the site and Mount Koala to the east. Likelihood: Unlikely to be present

35 Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

Conservation Conservation Common Name Scientific name Likelihood of Occurrence3 Status (Vic)1 Status (Comm)2 Occurs in woodlands, and adjacent agricultural land. While sections of the site may have once been suitable habitat, the site has been heavily Diamond Firetail Stagonopleura guttata nt,L disturbed by grazing and clearing, and there is limited connectivity to known locations; no records of the species within 20 km. Likelihood: Unlikely to be present Wetland/riparian species which is found in grasslands, woodlands and wetlands. It also uses pastures and croplands, especially where drainage is Eastern Great Egret Ardea modesta v,L poor. Some of the site and adjacent is suitable habitat, and there are four sightings at Chapman Hill to the north and Greenshields Hill to the east, both of which are pre-1978. Likelihood: Unlikely to be present This non-breeding migrant visitor to Australia mostly occurs over inland plains, but sometimes above foothills or in coastal areas. While sections of Migratory the site may have once been suitable habitat, the site has been heavily Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus Marine Species disturbed by grazing and clearing, and there is a lack of connectivity to known locations. Not recorded within a 20 km radius of the site. Likelihood: Unlikely to be present Wetland/riparian species. While sections of the site may have once been suitable habitat, the site has been heavily disturbed by grazing and clearing, Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus nt and there is a lack of connectivity to known locations. Two sightings at Tantaraboo 10 km south west of the site in 1984. Likelihood: Unlikely to be present

Occurs in grassy woodlands dominated by indigenous grasses. Some of site may have once been suitable habitat; however, the level of ground disturbance and species replacement is likely to have eliminated the Golden Sun Moth Synemon plana e, L CE species. The species has been recorded locally at Broadford, Glenaroua and north of Kilmore in recent times at known populations. Likelihood: Unlikely to be present Widespread in Australia occurring in all states/territories of mainland Australia and in Tasmania. In Australia, the largest breeding colonies, and greatest concentrations of breeding colonies, are located in near-coastal This copied document is made availableMigratory for the sole regionspurpose of the Northern Territory. The Channel Country of south-western Great Egret Ardea albaof enabling its considerationv,L & review as part of a Queenslandplanning and north-eastern South Australia have at least 12 breeding Wetland Species colonies, and colonies are also known in the Darling Riverine Plains region of process under the Planning and Environment ActNSW 1987. and the Riverina region of NSW and Victoria. Has been reported in a This document must not be used for any purposewide range which of wetland may habitats. No suitable habitat occurs on site, and no breach any copyright. sightings within 20 km. Likelihood: Unlikely to be present

36 Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

Conservation Conservation Common Name Scientific name Likelihood of Occurrence3 Status (Vic)1 Status (Comm)2 The Greater Glider is found in southern Queensland, eastern Australia, south eastern New South Wales, and the montane forests of the Victorian Greater Glider Petauroides volans v central highlands. The site does not contain suitable habitat, and there are no records of the species within 20 km. Likelihood: Highly unlikely to be present

Prefers extensive intact woodlands with significant shrub and litter layers. Pomatostomus e,L No such habitat occurs on or near the site, and a lack of connectivity to Grey-crowned Babbler temporalis temporalis known locations. One record for the species at Mount Koala north of Tooborac in 1976. Likelihood: Highly unlikely to be present

Australia's only endemic flying-fox and occurs in a coastal belt from south- eastern Queensland to Melbourne, Victoria. It is a canopy-feeding frugivore Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus v,L V and nectivore, which utilises vegetation communities including rainforests, open forests, closed and open woodlands, Melaleuca swamps and Banksia woodlands. Site is not suitable habitat. Likelihood: Unlikely to be present

A once widespread species now known only from around Melbourne and SW Victoria. While the some of the site and adjacent area may once have Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis e,L V been suitable habitat, the site has been heavily disturbed, and it is unlikely the species is now found locally. Several records within 10 km are over 80 years old. Likelihood: Highly unlikely to be present

Occurs in intact woodlands, and adjacent agricultural land. They occupy a wide range of Eucalypt woodlands, Acacia shrublands and open forests. In temperate woodlands, the species favours open areas adjoining large Melanodryas cucullata Hooded Robin nt,L woodland blocks, with areas of dead timber and sparse shrub cover While cucullata sections of the site may be suitable habitat, the site has been heavily disturbed by grazing and clearing, and there is limited connectivity to known locations. Sightings within 10 km of the assessed area are at Chapman and Hayes Hill and Mount Koala. Likelihood: May be present

This copied document is made available for the sole Apurpose non-breeding migrant to the south east of Australia including Tasmania, passing through the north and New Guinea on passage. Are seen in small of enabling its consideration & review as part of a groupsplanning or singly in freshwater wetlands on or near the coast, generally process under the Planning and Environment Actamong 1987. dense cover. They are found in any vegetation around wetlands, in Migratory sedges, grasses, lignum, reeds and rushes and also in saltmarsh and creek Latham’s Snipe Gallinago hardwickiiThis document mustnt not be used for any purpose which may Wetland Species edges on migration. They also use crops and pasture. The waterway and breach any copyright. floodplain may have once contained some suitable habitat; however there is limited connectivity to known locations, and the site has been heavily disturbed by grazing and clearing, and the creek channelised. No records within 20 km. Likelihood: Unlikely to be present

37 Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

Conservation Conservation Common Name Scientific name Likelihood of Occurrence3 Status (Vic)1 Status (Comm)2 The Painted Honeyeater is found in dry open forests and woodlands, and is strongly associated with mistletoe. It may also be found along rivers, on plains with scattered trees and on farmland with remnant vegetation. It has been seen in urban parks and gardens where large eucalypts are available. Painted Honeyeater Grantiella picta v Sections of the property may be suitable habitat; however, it is unlikely the species would be found in the proposed development areas because of the extent of modification. No records for the species within 20 km. Likelihood: Unlikely to be present

Occurs in intact high quality and undisturbed grassy woodlands and grasslands. No such habitat occurs on or near the subject site, and no Pink-tailed Worm-lizard Aprasia parapulchella v V recording of the species within 20 km. Likelihood: Highly unlikely to be present Occurs in extensive quality riparian grasslands and plains woodlands, and adjacent agricultural land. Site is not suitable habitat, and not known within Plains-wanderer Pedionomus torquatus ce,L V the region, and there are no records within 20 km. Likelihood: Highly unlikely to be present The Rainbow Bee-eater is most often found in open forests, woodlands and Migratory shrub lands, and cleared areas, usually near water. It will be found on farmland with remnant vegetation and in orchards and vineyards. It will use Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus Terrestrial disturbed sites such as quarries, cuttings and mines to build its nesting Species tunnels. Site is suitable habitat, but not recorded within 20 km. Likelihood: Unlikely to be present

Occurs in woodlands, and adjacent agricultural land. While sections of the site may have once been suitable habitat, the site has been heavily Regent Honeyeater Anthochaera phrygia e E disturbed by grazing and clearing, and a significant disconnection to current known locations up to 120 km north. No records of the species within 10 km. Likelihood: Highly unlikely to be present The Rufous Fantail is found in rainforest, dense wet forests, swamp Migratory woodlands and mangroves, preferring deep shade, and is often seen close to the ground. During migration, it may be found in more open habitats or Rufous Fantail RhipiduraThis rufifronscopied document is made availableTerrestrial for the sole urbanpurpose areas. Site does not contain suitable habitat, there is a lack of of enabling its consideration & reviewSpecies as part of a coplanningnnectivity to known locations, and there are no sightings within 20 km. process under the Planning and Environment ActLikelihood: 1987. Unlikely to be present This document must not be used for any purpose which may breach any copyright.

38 Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

Conservation Conservation Common Name Scientific name Likelihood of Occurrence3 Status (Vic)1 Status (Comm)2 The Satin Flycatcher is found along the east coast of Australia from far northern Queensland to Tasmania, including south-eastern South Australia. Migratory It is not a commonly seen species, especially in the far south of its range, Satin Flycatcher Myiagra cyanolecua Terrestrial where it is a summer breeding migrant. The species is found in tall forests, Species preferring wetter habitats such as heavily forested gullies, but not rainforests. Site is not suitable habitat. Likelihood: Highly unlikely to be present

The Smoky Mouse occurs in a variety of vegetation communities, ranging from coastal heath to dry ridgeline forest, sub-alpine heath and, occasionally, wetter gullies. Except for the wetter sites, a consistent feature of Smoky Mouse habitats is the diversity of heath and bush-pea species Smoky Mouse Pseudomys fumeus e, L E present, combined with potential shelter sites in the form of woody debris or rocks. Records for Victoria are in the Central Highlands, the Alps, and coastal SW and eastern Victoria. Site is not suitable habitat. No records within 20 km. Likelihood: Not present

Patchy distribution on and inland of the Great Dividing Range, from level with Mackay in Queensland, to the Grampians National Park in Victoria. Lives in dry sclerophyll forests and woodlands dominated by eucalypts. It is mostly seen on the grassy ground layer, when it is foraging. While sections Speckled Warbler Chthonicola sagittatus v, L of the site may be suitable habitat, the site has been heavily disturbed by grazing and clearing, and there is limited connectivity to known locations. Sightings within 10 km of the assessed area are at Chapman and Hayes Hill and Mount Koala. Likelihood: May be present Occurs in intact high quality grassy woodlands and grasslands. No such Striped Legless Lizard Delma impar e,L V habitat occurs on or near the site. Not recorded within 20 km. Likelihood: Highly unlikely to be present

Occurs in extensive riparian forests and woodlands, and adjacent agricultural land. While sections of the site may have once been suitable Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor e, L E habitat, the site has been heavily disturbed by grazing and clearing, and This copied document is made available for the sole therepurpose is limited connectivity to known locations. No sightings within 10 km. of enabling its consideration & review as part of a Likelihood:planning Unlikely to be present The White-footed Rabbit-rat was an attractive squirrel-like rodent which process under the Planning and Environment Actwas endemic1987. to Australia, and was once widespread across south-eastern This document must not be used for any purposeAustralia. which It was known may to inhabit open forest woodlands and grassy White-footed Rabbit-rat Conilurus albipes x,L X breach any copyright. ecosystems in Victoria; however, is now presumed extinct nationally. The last sighting of the species locally was Glenaroua more than 120 years ago. Likelihood: Not present

39 Flora and Fauna Assessment and Net Loss Reporting – 35 Racecourse Road Pyalong

Conservation Conservation Common Name Scientific name Likelihood of Occurrence3 Status (Vic)1 Status (Comm)2 Often occur in large numbers over eastern and northern Australia. Aerial birds and for a time it was commonly believed that they did not land while Migratory in Australia. Feeds on flying insects, such as termites, ants, beetles and flies, White-throated Needletail Hirundapus caudacutus v,L Terrestrial often over water. While sections of the site may have once been suitable Species habitat, the site has been heavily disturbed by grazing and clearing, and poor connectivity to known locations. Three records of the species at Chapman Hill in 1977. Likelihood: Unlikely to be present

Yellow Wagtails are migratory species from the northern hemisphere, and can turn up just about anywhere in Australia, but always in quite rich open- Migratory country habitats with disturbed ground and some water. Sewage farms, Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail Marine Species dams and grassy margins to lakes are all potential habitat. Sections of the site are suitable habitat; however, there are no sightings of the species within 20 km of the site. Likelihood: Highly unlikely to be present

1. X = extinct in Victoria; ce = critically endangered in Victoria; e = endangered in Victoria; v = vulnerable in Victoria; r = rare in Victoria; e = endangered in Victoria; n = near threatened in Victoria; L = listed under the FFG Act in Victoria (from DSE 2009 and 2013). 2. X = extinct nationally; E = endangered nationally; V = vulnerable nationally (DAWE 2020); 3. Habitat descriptions for species obtained from DAWE (2020), Hero et al. (1991), Menkhorst (1995), Cogger (1996) and Simpson and Day (1998).

40 Planright Ref: CS9598 October 2020

Appendix E: Land Capability Assessment (LCA)

35 Racecourse Road, Pyalong

Land Capability Assessment for Fred Parker

Report 20C 300 20 October 2020

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Land Capability Assessment

35 Racecourse Road, Pyalong

Revision Revision Authorised Date

This20C copied 300 document is madeBrad Bishopavailable for the sole purpose20/10/2020 of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. Distribution (thisThis versiondocument only) must not be used for any purpose which may Recipient breach any copyright.Format Date

GTS On file 20/10/2020

Email PDF Fred Parker 20/10/2020 ([email protected])

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DISCLAIMER

This investigation has been carried out in goodwill and under the instructions of Planright on behalf of Mr Fred Parker. The investigation was undertaken with the care and skill of competent personnel as defined within Geotechnical Testing Services (GTS) quality system. GTS also has the appropriate insurances required to undertake such work, which are available upon request.

This document provides both site and soil information and a conceptual design of the proposed development. The document also recommends monitoring and management options for the type of system(s) being recommended. This report should not be seen as a guarantee for the relevant permit to be issued by local council, as the report provides recommendations only for the Mitchell Shire Council to assess.

The results from this investigation relate to the specified sites labelled throughout this document and hence the information obtained may need to be extrapolated to the rest of the designated area. Whilst care has been taken throughout this investigation, soil conditions can vary between each individual test site and at depths greater than that drilled during this investigation. Hence, if variations from this report are found during future excavation/construction work, GTS should be notified so it can be assessed and the appropriate advice provided.

GTS’s professional opinions contained in this document are subject to modification, if additional information is obtained through further investigation, observation or analysis in accordance with future activities.

This document has been prepared for Mr Fred Parker and hence no responsibility or liability is being accepted to any third party, where any part of the report is used in either isolation or without consideration of the whole document. This document is not appropriate where there has been a significant change in the project or either for the specific needs of the reader.

This copied document is made available for the sole purpose of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning

process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. This document must not be used for any purpose which may breach any copyright.

Brad Bishop (BA) Environmental Consultant [email protected]

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TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 4 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 5 2 CLIENT & PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT ...... 5 3 LOCATION & SITE FEATURES ...... 5 4 SOIL INFORMATION ...... 7 5 LAND CAPABILITY CLASS RATING (LCCR) ...... 9 6 ONSITE WASTEWATER DISPOSAL ...... 11 7 SIZING OF THE WASTEWATER SYSTEM ...... 12 8 SIZING AND LOCATION OF THE DISPOSAL FIELDS ...... 13 9 BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE RECOMMENDED DISPOSAL METHODS ...... 14 10 FURTHER NECESSARY MEASURES TO BE UNDERTAKEN ...... 17 11 MANAGEMENT & MAINTENANCE PROTOCOLS ...... 18 12 OTHER ONGOING MANAGEMENT, MAINTENANCE & REPORTING PROTOCOLS ...... 19 13 CONCLUSION ...... 19 14 REFERENCES ...... 21

APPENDICES ...... 22 APPENDIX 1 - LOCALITY MAP ...... 23 APPENDIX 2 - PROPOSED SITE PLAN (Schematic diagram)...... 24 APPENDIX 3 - AERIAL PHOTO...... 25 APPENDIX 4 - PLANNING SCHEME (Zones) ...... 26 APPENDIX 5 - CATCHMENT OVERLAY ...... 27

APPENDIX 6 - ThisGROUNDWATER copied document RESOURCE is REPORTSmade available ...... for the sole purpose 28 APPENDIX 7 - PHOTOGRAPHICof enabling its RECORD consideration OF SITE CONDITIONS & review as ...... part of a planning 30 APPENDIX 8 - GEOLOGICALprocess MAP under ...... the Planning and Environment Act 1987. 31 This document must not be used for any purpose which may APPENDIX 9 - BORELOGS ...... breach any copyright. 32 APPENDIX 10 - MATERIALS TEST REPORTS ...... 34 APPENDIX 11 - WATER BALANCE EQUATION ...... 37 APPENDIX 12 - POTENTIAL PLANTS FOR THE DISPOSAL FIELD ...... 42 APPENDIX 13 - MAINTENANCE AND MONITORING PROCEDURES...... 44

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Mr Fred Parker commissioned Geotechnical Testing Services (GTS) to undertake a Land Capability Assessment (LCA) for the proposed residential subdivision and development of 35 Racecourse Road, Pyalong. Consisting of a sole approximate 8.2 hectare land parcel, the development intent involves a proposed two lot subdivision, excising the existing dwelling upon proposed Lot 1. Situated within a Rural Living Zone (RLZ), the schedule to the overlay stipulates that all residential development should be connected to both reticulated water and sewerage. However, in the absence of such a scheme a ‘Land Capability Assessment’ (LCA) is required to indicate the soil’s suitability and capability to both treat and retain all generated effluent within the allotment’s boundaries.

This LCA will provide site and soil information as well as a conceptual design of the proposed development, which includes both the proposed building and wastewater disposal locations. The document will also recommend monitoring and management options for the type of wastewater system(s) being recommended.

The Land Capability Class Rating (LCCR) of the site was determined to be a ‘5’, as a result of the immediate area to be developed being affected by:  The close proximity of an ephemeral drainage line / watercourse (<60m);  The somewhat elevated pH of the soil type (clayey sand - between 0-600mm);  The weaker (single grained) nature of the soil type associated with onsite disposal purposes (ie: clayey sand); &  The larger percentage of the site’s soil type exceeding a 40% sand (gravel) fraction (ie: granitic sand).

With the property positioned outside of the Mollison Creek Proclaimed Catchment Area, all necessary EPA setback / buffer distances are able to be upheld with the implementation of a Secondary (Aerated) This copied document is made available for the sole purpose Wastewater Treatment System. With no further site and/or soil-based concerns, a minimum 30m setback / of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning buffer distance is required to suitably position the disposal localities at the site from the abovementioned process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. ephemeral drainage line (forThis allotments document outside must ofnot a proclaimedbe used for catchment any purpose area). which Subsequently, may upon review of the site and soil findings, thebreach future any residence copyright. is recommended to be connected to a:

 Secondary (aerated) wastewater treatment system connected in series with a pressurised shallow subsurface drip irrigation system maintaining the minimum 20/30 effluent quality.

Subsequently, it remains the responsibility of the property owner/plumber to forward the type of system selected to the Mitchell Shire Council for approval prior to installation. Additionally, strict adherence to the maintenance and monitoring of the installed system is also an essential part of the ongoing treatment and disposal program.

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1 INTRODUCTION

Mr Fred Parker commissioned Geotechnical Testing Services (GTS) to undertake a Land Capability Assessment (LCA) for the proposed residential subdivision and development of 35 Racecourse Road, Pyalong. Consisting of a sole approximate 8.2 hectare land parcel, the development intent involves a proposed two lot subdivision, excising the existing dwelling upon proposed Lot 1, leaving proposed Lot 2 as a vacant allotment to be developed.

2 CLIENT & PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT

SITE ADDRESS: 35 Racecourse Road, Pyalong VIC 3521 ALLOTMENT SIZE: The property consists of a sole land parcel consisting of an approx 8.2 ha (20.3 acres). PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT: Two lot residential subdivision, excising the existing dwelling upon proposed Lot 1 (4.02ha). Lot 2 is seen as the new (vacant) allotment to be developed (4.22ha). COUNCIL: Mitchell Shire Council (Property No. 113596) ZONES AND OVERLAYS: Rural Living Zone (RLZ). There are no overlays affecting this allotment. CATCHMENT AREA: The site is not within the Mollison Creek (Pyalong) ‘Proclaimed Catchment Area’. INFRASTUCTURE: Suitable access is presently available via the site’s western boundary, off Racecourse Road. Above ground mains power and telecommunications presently exist at the existing dwelling upon proposed Lot 1. An above ground power (easement) is also seen to intersect proposed Lot 2. WATER SUPPLY: Mains water is not available (Tank Supply only). SEWER: Reticulated sewerage is not available in the area.

3 LOCATION & SITE FEATURES

A locality map (pageThis 23)copied and conceptualdocument design is made of the available development for the proposal sole purpose (page 24) have been provided to show the location of enablingthe site and its theconsideration proposed areas & review to be developed.as part of Ana planning aerial photograph has also been provided to show the processproperty underand immediate the Planning surrounding and Environment area under investigation Act 1987. on a macro scale (page 25). Situated within the RuralThis Livingdocument Zone (pagemust 26),not bethe usedsite is forpredominately any purpose presented which may as a large open and undeveloped horse grazing allotmentbreach any exhibiting copyright. an existing dam upon both proposed Lots 1 & 2 and scattering of dense vegetation (eucalypts) surrounding the dam localities and across proposed Lot 2’s western half (albeit outside of the areas to be developed). With the site exhibiting several man-made surface diversion drains (directing surface runoff towards both onsite dam localities), a deep undulating depression acting as an ephemeral drainage line is seen to intersect proposed Lot 2 on an east/west axis, tending easterly. With no land subject to inundation or floodway overlay documented to coincide with the site, it is noted that a sole documented watercourse is seen to coincide with the land parcel. This watercourse, although not defined by

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banks or an eroded bed into the landscape is piped under Racecourse Road at the front of the site, traversing the allotment on a north-eastern aspect (intersecting both onsite dam localities).

CLIMATE: On average, the Pyalong region experiences hot dry summers and cold wet winters, with a light to moderate wind all year round in the afternoons. The average rainfall may exceed average evaporation for 2 months of the year, which normally coincides between June - July. The area has an annual rainfall of 562.1mm and an average evaporation of approx. 1495mm (Ref: Mollisons Ck at Pyalong: 88064). (Evaporation data extracted from http://www.bom.gov.au/watl/evaporation)

EXPOSURE: The site exhibits good sun and wind exposure to the available building and disposal areas.

VEGETATION: There is no significant vegetation in existence across the immediate proposed areas to be developed that will inhibit either the proposed building or disposal envelopes, which exists as an open grassed landscape for proposed Lot 2.

EROSION: There were no significant signs of erosion existing across the allotment.

GROUNDWATER: At the time of the onsite investigation, groundwater was not encountered at the site, where boreholes were undertaken to a maximum 2000mm depth. Further information from the Department of Environment, Land, Water & Planning website (DELWP) indicated that the water level Below Ground Level (BGL) was historically recorded to be between 10-20m BGL for the immediate region (pages 27-29).

No groundwater bore was registered or seen to exist upon the allotment at the time BORES: of the investigation.

DRAINAGE: Several man-made surface diversion drains designed for (re)directing surface runoff towards the onsite dam locality upon proposed Lot 1 are seen to exist.

At the time of the onsite investigation, the site displayed simplistic features, including: This copied document is made available for the sole purpose  The surface of the site was moist exhibiting a good coverage of natural weeds & grasses. of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning  There was no evidenceprocess ofunder surface the cracking Planning or shallow and Environment rock across the Act proposed 1987. areas to be developed.  Current access isThis found document in the allotments must not front be used northwest for any corner purpose off Racecourse which may Road (see cover photo). breach any copyright.

Photos of the site and areas proposed to be developed can be seen within the appendix (Page 30).

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4 SOIL INFORMATION

The local geology of the property was determined by reference to the Department of Environment, Land, Water & Planning’s (DELWP) ‘Geovic Website’, which indicated that the site is affected by the following sole geological formation (Page 31):

 ‘G284’ Devonian (Late Devonian): Baynton Granodiorite - Granite;

The soil investigation was carried out on the 27th March 2020 to ascertain the soil’s suitability for future wastewater disposal purposes. Four (4) boreholes were drilled across the greater area to be developed, which indicated that the soil profile was dominated by the abovementioned ‘Devonian’ formation involving granitic based clayey sands / clay underlaid by granite (bedrock) between an approximate 1000-1800mm depth (Page 32-33).

For the greater building envelope of proposed Lot 2, the findings were sufficient to characterise the soil and its profiles, confirming the local geology consisted of the abovementioned ‘G284’ geological formation involving Granitic Clayey Sand to an approx 600mm depth (Pale Brown / Offwhite) underlaid by Clayey Sand / Sandy Clay (Pale Brown mottled Pale Orange/Grey) between a 1000-2000mm depth. Bedrock (Granite - Pale Brown) was encountered between a 1000-2000mm depth across the building and disposal areas to be developed of proposed Lot 2. Reference should be made to the attached borelogs for full descriptions and colorations.

The soil results can be seen in the appendix on pages 34 - 36, which are further summarised in Table 1 below:

Table 1: Summary of soil results determined from the subsoil investigation: Borehole 1 Borehole 2 Soil Property (200-1000) (600-1000) Overall Soil depth (mm) 2000 1000 Water table depth (m) 10 - 20 10 - 20 Plasticity (Liquid Limit) (%) 15 38 Shrinkage (%) 0.0 6.5 This copied document is made available for the sole purpose of enablingEmerson its considerationTest & review as5 part of a planning 3 processSalinity under (dS/m) the Planning and Environment0.04 Act 1987.0.06 This document must not be used for any purpose which may breachpH any copyright. 8.3 7.2 Percolation Rate (mm/hr) *ND *ND *ND - ‘Not Determined’ (No longer recognised by EPA Victoria, Pub 891.4) The properties were determined using Australian Standards (AS) test methods (see References)

In further reference to the hydrometer results ascertained for the abovementioned soil samples, Table ‘2’ below highlights the percentage of gravel, sand, silt and clay determined to exist with the material across the immediate proposed disposal locality, which includes:

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Table 2: Summary of soil results determined from the subsoil investigation: Borehole 1 Borehole 2 Soil Property (200-1000) (600-1000) % Gravel 9 5 % Sand 63 47 % Silt 15 28 % Clay 33 The properties were determined using Australian Standards (AS) test methods (see References)

In reference to that above, it can be seen that the lower soil profile/horizon at the site (≥600mm depth) across the given building envelope of proposed Lot 2 is deemed to coincide with a Soil Category ‘4’; ie: Sandy Clay Loam. As previously mentioned, the limiting aforementioned lower profile is seen overlaid by a ‘granitic clayey sand’ Soil Category ‘2-3’ between surface and an approx 600mm. Hence, as a result of this overlying clayey sand fraction a pressurised irrigation system is best recommended for implementation at the site in accordance with a Secondary Wastewater Treatment System (generating the minimum 20/30 effluent quality), with disposal area sizings based upon the more limiting soil layer beneath (solely as a necessary precautionary measure).

Consecutively, the following design irrigation rate is deemed applicable for the suitable disposal of effluent at the site via shallow subsurface irrigation methods:

Table 3: Disposal and Design Loading Rate Effluent Quality Application (Disposal) Method DIR / DLR (mm/day)

Pressurised Subsurface Secondary 3.5 Irrigation

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5 LAND CAPABILITY CLASS RATING (LCCR)

Land Capability Class Rating Individual Land Features Rating 1 2 3 4 5

General Characteristics

Site drainage Very slow Slow Moderate Rapid Very rapid 2-3

Runoff None Low Moderate High Very High 3-4

Flooding (years) Never - < 1 in 100 < 1 in 30 < 1 in 20 1

Proximity to >60m - - - <60m 5 watercourses

Slope (%) 0 – 2 2 – 8 8 – 12 12 – 20 > 20 2

No Present or Present or Landslip - - - 1 Past Failures Past Failures

Water table (m) > 5 5 – 2.5 2.5 – 2.0 2.0 – 1.5 < 1.5 1*

Rock Outcrop 0 <10% 10-20% 20-50% >50% 2 (>200mm)

Erosion Potential None Minor Moderate High Severe 2-3

High sun and Low sun and Exposure - Moderate - 1 wind wind

Hill crests, Concave Landform - - Floodplain 1 convex side side slopes This copied document is made available for the sole purpose of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planningDense forest process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. Vegetation Turf / pasture - - - With little 1 This document must not be used for any purpose which may understorey breach any copyright. Rainfall < 450 450 – 650 650 – 750 750 – 1000 > 1000 2 (mm/year)

Pan Evaporation 1250 – > 1500 1000 – 1250 - < 1000 2 (mm/year) 1500

Fill No fill - Fill present - - 1

*Current information from DELWP suggests the regional groundwater table is 10-20m Below Ground Level (BGL)

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Land Capability Class Rating Individual Land Features Rating 1 2 3 4 5

Soil Profile Characteristics

Profile Depth (m) > 2 1.5 – 2.0 - 1.0 – 1.5 < 1 4

Soil Structure** High Moderate Weak Massive Single Grain 5

Mottling None - - - Extensive 3

Shrinkage (%)** < 4 4 - 12 12 - 20 > 20 - 2

Emerson Test** 4, 6, 8 5 7 2, 3 1 2-4

EC (dS/m)** < 0.3 0.3 - 0.8 0.8 - 2.0 2 - 4 > 4 1

pH 6-8 - 4.5-6 - <4.5 and >8 1 & 5

Sodic Soil*** Low - Moderate - High 1

Sand/Gravel < 10 10 - 20 20 - 40 - >40 5 Fraction (%)**

Percolation 20 - 50 15 - 20 < 15 50 - 75 300 - 500 ND Rate** (mm/hr) 75 - 150 150 - 300 > 500

ND - ‘Not Determined’ (No longer recognised by EPA Victoria, Pub 891.4) Overall Site Rating: 5

** Relevant to soil layer(s) associated with disposal location ***Sodic Soil has been determined thru soil structure, dispersion, slaking and EC data

This copied document is made available for the sole purpose The Land Capabilityof Class enabling Rating its (LCCR) consideration of the site &was review determined as part to of be a aplanning ‘5’, as a result of the immediate area to be developed beingprocess affected under by: the Planning and Environment Act 1987.  The close proximityThis of andocument ephemeral must drainage not be line used / watercourse for any purpose (<60m); which may  The somewhat elevatedbreach pH of any the copyright.soil type (clayey sand - between 0-600mm);  The weaker (single grained) nature of the soil type associated with onsite disposal purposes (ie: clayey sand); &  The larger percentage of the site’s soil type exceeding a 40% sand (gravel) fraction (ie: granitic sand).

Additionally, the possibility for moderate-high levels of runoff occurring under storm conditions is also required to be considered for the larger landspace with the addition of shallow surface diversion drains.

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Based on the site and soil evaluation, a property’s capability for on-site wastewater disposal can be categorised using the LCCR table. The LCCR was determined to be a ‘5’. From EPA Publication 746.1, (March 2003) a Rating 5 is described as:

“Areas have a very poor capability and there is a severe associated environmental risk. The areas are not generally considered suitable for disposal of septic tank effluent by conventional trench systems.”

“There will be a need for very high levels of engineering input and management at all stages of wastewater system installation. General management is unlikely to address the identified land constraints and achieve a sustainable outcome. For closer development reticulated sewerage is usually the only acceptable outcome.”

6 ONSITE WASTEWATER DISPOSAL

This LCA has been prepared to accompany a permit application to the Mitchell Shire Council for a proposed 2- lot residential subdivision involving the excision of an existing dwelling (upon proposed Lot 1). With reticulated sewerage not extending to the immediate area, all associated wastewater will need to be suitably treated and retained (on-site) using an appropriate onsite wastewater treatment system and disposal program.

Upon review of the site and soil findings, GTS recommends that any future residence on proposed Lot 2 be connected to a ‘Secondary (aerated) wastewater treatment system’ (maintaining a minimum 20/30 effluent quality) connected in series with a pressurised shallow subsurface drip irrigation system.

Additionally, it remains the responsibility of the new property owner/plumber to forward the type of system selected to the Mitchell Shire Council for approval prior to installation in the form of a septic tank permit application (to install).

With the proposed development for the new allotment unknown at this stage (ie: no. of bedrooms), GTS has provided relevant building envelope & disposal field sizing’s as suited to a 1-5 bedroom residence for local council to review.

Consecutively, the required size of the disposal field localities is outlined in the following sections, which also provide an overviewThis ofcopied the aforementioned document is systemmade withavailable respect for to the its sizingsole andpurpose design considerations: of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. This document must not be used for any purpose which may breach any copyright.

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7 SIZING OF THE WASTEWATER SYSTEM

The design capacity of the treatment system should cater for the expected peak daily load of the proposed development. In line with the EPA’s current publication (891.4 - July 2016), the daily load is estimated in line with the number of occupants (potential occupancy) and how efficiently water is used with the development (based on water fixtures). Subsequently, the daily wastewater volume generated has been determined using the ‘Minimum Daily Wastewater Flow Rates & Organic Loading Rates’ as listed within both AS1547:2012 and EPA Pub 891.4.

With no mains water connection (including bore/well), GTS is estimating the required size of the disposal system upon the design flow rates for Onsite Roof Water Tank Supply as listed in AS1547:2012 (ie: 150L/person/day - 60g BOD/person/day). See note at the bottom of the page.

Hence, in line with EPA Pub 891.4 & AS1547:2012 a ‘1-5’ bedroom residence is envisaged to generate hydraulic/organic loadings consisting of:

 1-bedroom - 300L/day (up to 300g BOD/day for a population equivalent of ‘1-5’ persons);  2-bedroom - 450L/day (up to 300g BOD/day for a population equivalent of ‘1-5’ persons);  3-bedroom - 600L/day (up to 300g BOD/day for a population equivalent of ‘1-5’ persons);  4-bedroom - 750L/day (up to 420g BOD/day for a population equivalent of ‘6-7’ persons) &  5-bedroom - 900L/day (up to 480g BOD/day for a population equivalent of ‘8’ persons). Consecutively, AS 1547:2012 recommends that a minimum:

 3000L storage tank is required for a 1-3 bedroom residence;  3500L storage tank is required for a 4 bedroom residence; &  4000L storage tank is required for a 5 bedroom residence.

It is further noted that the selected wastewater system should also have adequate capacity for testing the flow of wastewater and have sufficient storage for the solids that build up before removal. Wastewater systems are required to do theThis following: copied document is made available for the sole purpose of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning  Hold the normalprocess flow of underdomestic the wastes Planning from anda range Environment of population Act equivalents 1987. up to 10 people;  Allow for normal Thispeak flows;document must not be used for any purpose which may  Allow for short-termbreach unusual/overload any copyright. production of wastes; and  Allow for sludge and scum build up.

Note: Where the household or premises is not provided with a reliable water supply, the design flow rates for Onsite Roof Water Tank Supply as listed in AS1547:2012 may be utilised (EPA Pub 891.4). Although ‘Table H1’ of AS1547:2012 suggests that the typical domestic wastewater design flow allowance (for Australia) may be based upon 120L/person/day, GTS generally prefers to rely upon the typical daily design flow allowances as outlined in ‘Table H2’ (page 122 of AS1547:2012) as a precautionary measure (see Table 5 below)

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Table 5: Daily Design Flow Allowances Daily Flow Wastewater Fixture Waste Treatment Device (L/person/day)

WC + handbasin Blackwater 60

Handbasin + shower + Greywater 90 bath + laundry

All wastes Primary / Secondary System 150

8 SIZING AND LOCATION OF THE DISPOSAL FIELDS There are several ways to determine the size of the disposal localities required for either a primary or secondary wastewater treatment system, including AS1547:2012 and via water balance & nutrient balance equations. In line with the development intentions of this site, GTS has relied upon a water balance equation (in line with the regions climate statistics) as the basis to determine the minimum area required for suitable disposal purposes. Subsequently, the findings for the recommended disposal system (for a 1-5 bedroom dwelling) is outlined below:

8.1 Water Balance:

In direct consideration of the development proposal increasing the unsewered residential density of the district, GTS has used a water balance equation to verify the necessary size of the disposal fields required. Hence, all workings concerning the water balance equation are given in the appendix on Page 37-41. Via the use of available climate data from the Bureau of Meteorology website (ie: Mollison Creek at Pyalong - 088064), it was determined that the mean monthly rainfall for the region may exceed average evaporation for 2 months of the year, which is recorded to occur (on average) between June & July.

Subsequently, when considering the monthly climate averages for the region (mean rainfall/evaporation), the water balance equations have shown that the minimum disposal area required for zero winter storage for a 1- 5 bedroom dwelling (exhibiting tank water supplies only) is: This copied document is made available for the sole purpose of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. This document must not be used for any purpose which may breach any copyright.

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Design Hydraulic Effluent Disposal System Application Loading No. of bedrooms Loading Disposal Area Type Method Rate (150L/person/day) Quality Required* (mm/day) Pressurised Secondary Secondary 1 300 Subsurface 3.5 132m2 WWTS (min 20/30) Irrigation Pressurised Secondary Secondary 2 450 Subsurface 3.5 198m2 WWTS (min 20/30) Irrigation Pressurised Secondary Secondary 3 600 Subsurface 3.5 264m2 WWTS (min 20/30) Irrigation Pressurised Secondary Secondary 4 750 Subsurface 3.5 330m2 WWTS (min 20/30) Irrigation Pressurised Secondary Secondary 5 900 Subsurface 3.5 396m2 WWTS (min 20/30) Irrigation

When considering average monthly ‘Evaporation V’s Rainfall’, the above estimations are based on the worst month of the year (June), where the balance overestimates the area/storage requirements for the remaining 11 months. Due to the nature of the development, ongoing disposal/irrigation practices are expected to occur through the winter months without wet weather storage.

The estimated size of the disposal fields by a water balance is generally considered to be ascertained by a conservative approach. There are significant advantages in maintaining an increased application area as doing so reduces the design loading rate over the dedicated disposal area and in turn lessens any potential future risk towards both human health and the environment (helping to ensure the longevity of the fields).

This copied document is made available for the sole purpose of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning 9 BRIEF OVERVIEWprocess OF THE underRECOMMENDED the Planning DISPOSAL and Environment METHODS Act 1987. ‘Pressurised Subsurface IrrigationThis document Techniques’(Secondary must not be used System): for any purpose which may breach any copyright. Where a secondary (aerated) wastewater treatment system is selected for installation at the site, the treated effluent may be disposed via (pressure compensated) surface/subsurface irrigation drip lines to a well vegetated and dedicated area (maintaining a minimum 20/30 effluent quality). Furthermore, the irrigation area requires an adequate depth of topsoil to store the applied effluent and to support the growth of evergreen plants/vegetation to maximize evapo-transpiration practices.

As taken from AS1547:2012, (Figure M1 Drip Irrigation System pg 167) an example of an irrigation system as suited to the site & soil conditions is shown below:

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For shallow subsurface irrigation to occur, it is expected that a minimum 20/30 effluent quality be met & maintained. Table 8 outlines the required biological limits, which are to be verified at the time of servicing the system, which is generally quarterly (pending the system installed).

Table 8 - Water quality limits for drip and spray irrigation Performance Indicator Unit Maximum* ThisBiochemical copied Oxygendocument Demand is made(BOD) available(mg/L) for the sole 20purpose Suspendedof enabling Solids its (SS) consideration & review(mg/L) as part of a 30planning E.coliprocess Bacteria (organisms)under the Planning and(orgs/100ml) Environment Act10 1987. ResidueThis chlorine** document must not be used(mg/L) for any purposeMax 0.5 which may * 90th percentiles may be used ** When disinfectionbreach is used any the copyright. range is 0.5 mg/L to 2 mg/L (max) is acceptable.

Shallow subsurface irrigation is expected to provide a beneficial reuse of the wastewater generated and minimise any risk of effluent being transported off site or into surrounding sensitive areas. The design, construction and installation requirements surrounding the installation of the irrigation system is presented in AS 1547:2012. The system shall also be installed with appropriate setback, or buffer distances, as required by the regulatory authority.

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In line with the site & soil findings involving depth of suitable soil, it is possible to rework the existing soil encountered at the site for suitable irrigation/disposal purposes without importing soil in for the creation of the disposal fields. Note: The application area would need to be clearly defined over the landscape.

As noted within EPA Pub 891.4, if a fault occurs with a pressure compensated irrigation system, it is usually an equipment fault that needs maintenance & not a soil degradation problem. In this case, pumps & mesh filters are generally seen to fail before the soil is overloaded.

Existing outside of a proclaimed catchment area, the disposal areas are capable of meeting all EPA setback requirements as shown in Table 9 below (as taken from EPA Pub 891.4):

Table 9 – Necessary EPA setback / buffer distances to be upheld: Situation Setback (m) Building Primary Secondary Wastewater field upslope of building 6 3 Wastewater field down slope of building 3 1.5 Allotment boundary Wastewater field upslope of adjacent lot 6 3 Wastewater field down slope of adjacent lot 3 1.5 Services Water supply pipe 3 1.5 Potable supply channel (upslope) 300 150 Potable supply channel (down slope) 20 10 Gas 3 1.5 Underground water tank 15 4 Storm water drain 6 3 Swimming Pool 6 3 Cutting/escarpment 15 15 Surface waters (upslope) Dam or reservoir (potable, including food production)** 300 150 Dam or reservoirThis (stock copied & non-potable)** document is made available for the sole purpose60 30 Stream or channel of(continuous enabling or its ephemeral, consideration non-potable) & review as part of a planning60 30 Stream (potable waterprocess supply catchment) under the Planning and Environment Act 1001987. 100 ** Does not apply to damsThis and reservoirsdocument above must ground not be used for any purpose which may Groundwater & bore (Potablebreach or non-potable) any copyright. 20 20 Water Table (Vertical depth from base of trench) 1.5 1.5 The design, installation and maintenance of both the treatment & irrigation system should be undertaken in accordance with both AS1547:2012 and the respective EPA Certificate of Approval for the selected system.

The schematic diagram on page 24 shows the proposed / available building & wastewater disposal field locations for the suitable application of secondary treated effluent at the site. It is noted that the dedicated or total available disposal area is significantly larger than that typically required for any ‘4’ bedroom complex and coinciding disposal locality. The dedicated area is seen to be sufficient in size to allow for the suitable positioning of the necessary wastewater disposal field localities (primary & secondary - where required)

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without inhibiting future access or the placement of pending infrastructure at the site. Furthermore, the larger size of the building/disposal localities given, gives the property owner/plumber some leniency when designing/configuring the placement of both the building & disposal localities within a specific landscape type design and/or around the final positioning of the pending residence.

Consecutively, any future disposal locality maybe utilised or specifically positioned within a defined landscaped area, where pressurised irrigation may be used for the irrigation of grassed & lawn areas surrounding any new residence where minimum setbacks can be achieved. It is noted that the EPA setback distances given in the table above are required to be adhered to. Hence, the necessary setbacks from allotment boundaries and any future building locations are also deemed obligatory, which must be verified at the time a plumbing professional submits a permit to install to local council for review (at any later stage). It is noted:

 A primary & secondary (reserve) disposal locality is always required to be allowed for where a conventional primary treatment system is selected for installation;  Where a secondary treatment system is chosen for installation meeting the minimum 20/30 effluent quality a secondary (reserve) disposal field is not required to be allowed for where the disposal localities have been sized via a water balance.

10 FURTHER NECESSARY MEASURES TO BE UNDERTAKEN Regardless of the system selected, care shall be taken to ensure that the irrigation/disposal area is well vegetated with plant species that are:

 Water tolerant;  Appropriate for the site conditions; and  Planted at an appropriate density for effective evapotranspiration to occur.

Additionally, surface diversion (cut-off) drains are recommended to be constructed around both the building and disposal localities to limit and divert any excess surface waters (under storm conditions) from inundating the immediate landThis spaces. copied Consecutively, document is a madesurface available diversion drainfor the is recommendedsole purpose to be installed upslope of the immediate disposalof enabling area offsetting its consideration the site’s southern & review and aspresent part internalof a planning boundary locality (see attached site plan). process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. This document must not be used for any purpose which may The plantation of suitable vegetationbreach any (trees/shrubs/grasses) copyright. down-slope of any disposal area is expected to occur which would aid in the uptake of any excess wastewater if ever generated. This is a precautionary measure only, should the disposal fields ever fail for any unforeseen future reason. It should also be noted that the selected vegetation should not be significant enough or placed in a location where overshadowing of any part of the disposal field is likely to occur.

Additionally, strict adherence to the maintenance and monitoring of any wastewater system is also an essential part of its treatment and disposal program. It should also be noted that the disposal fields must not be placed where existing and/or proposed infrastructure is deemed to be situated.

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11 MANAGEMENT & MAINTENANCE PROTOCOLS

Maintenance and Monitoring is to be carried out in accordance with the certificate of approval and Council’s permit conditions. For the long-term benefit of any wastewater treatment system there are a number of requirements for the owner to follow, namely:  Minimise domestic water use; • Minimise the use of non-bio-gradable detergents; • Use biodegradable soaps and low-phosphorus detergents; • Restrict the use of germicides, i.e. disinfectants; • Minimise the discharge of fats, grease or chemicals into the system • Alternate between different parts of the disposal field, • Monitor quality of groundwater (if applicable); • No sanitary or other hygiene products to be put in the system; and • Any other specific instructions provided by the manufacturers of the tank.

The following should also be considered for any disposal area at this site: • Should be well exposed to the sun and wind; • Should contain plant vegetation requiring high nutrient plants, Pages 42-43 contains a list of potential plants for the disposal field; • A dense cover of appropriate evergreen species will be required to assist with water and nutrient uptake, particularly in the wet periods; • Regularly harvest (mow) vegetation/grasses to maximize their uptake of water and nutrients; • In dry times, to ensure the viability of the vegetation on and around the disposal field, it may be necessary to water them occasionally; • Areas along the perimeter and below the disposal field should be vegetated with trees and shrubs; • There should be restricted access to the disposal fields for vehicles, visitors, pets and children, where a fully fenced off area may be required in these cases; • No permanent structures are to be erected over the reserve disposal area (where required); • Ensure theThis area copied is level document by filling depressions is made available with good for topsoil the sole(not clay);purpose and • The disposalof areas enabling can be its positioned consideration to fit in & with review a landscape as part typeof a design,planning however it would make for easier managementprocess if they under were the in thePlanning one allocated and Environment area. Act 1987. This document must not be used for any purpose which may breach any copyright.

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12 OTHER ONGOING MANAGEMENT, MAINTENANCE & REPORTING PROTOCOLS

It is the responsibility of the landowner to manage and maintain the complete domestic wastewater system, including the disposal fields (pages 44-45). It is important that the owner compiles all services and actions conducted on the selected system and the disposal field and make them readily available to the Mitchell Shire Council, when requested.

If the system fails, either the system or the disposal field, it is important that a qualified person, i.e. plumber, be called out quickly to limit any damage. The Mitchell Shire Council should also be contacted at the earliest possible convenience to assess any potential health issues that may have occurred due to the failure.

With no reticulated water connection available, provisions should be made at the planning stage to collect as much water from roof catchments via water tanks as possible. Subsequently, all proposed buildings should have their structure designed to maximise their water catchment potential and typically have water tanks with a volume that can sustain the dwelling for the summer months. It is recommended that a separate tank be considered for non-potable requirements such as fire prevention and watering purposes during drier times.

13 CONCLUSION

Additionally, the possibility for moderate-high levels of runoff occurring under storm conditions is also required to be considered with the addition of shallow surface diversion drains recommended to be placed This copied document is made available for the sole purpose around the pending development locality. of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning

process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. With the property positionedThis document outside of themust Mollison not be Creek used Proclaimedfor any purpose Catchment which Area, may all necessary EPA setback / buffer distances breach are able any to copyright. be upheld with the implementation of a Secondary (Aerated) Wastewater Treatment System. With no further site and/or soil-based concerns, a minimum 30m setback / buffer distance is required to suitably position the disposal localities at the site from the abovementioned ephemeral drainage line (for allotments outside of a proclaimed catchment area). Subsequently, upon review of the site and soil findings, the future residence is recommended to be connected to a:

 Secondary (aerated) wastewater treatment system connected in series with a pressurised shallow subsurface drip irrigation system maintaining the minimum 20/30 effluent quality.

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Once the future development is fully envisaged, it remains the responsibility of the property owner/plumber to forward the type of system selected to the Mitchell Shire Council for approval prior to installation. Utilising shallow surface diversion drains, the proposed disposal areas including the immediate surrounding area should be planted out with shallow rooted grasses and/or indigenous shrubs to help uptake the applied effluent via evaporation/transpiration techniques.

Additionally, strict adherence to the maintenance and monitoring of the installed system is also an essential part of the ongoing treatment and disposal program.

Note: Conventional septic systems and wastewater treatment plants are commercially available from a number of suppliers within regional Victoria. The client should be aware that a management and maintenance program is required for wastewater treatment plants, where failure to maintain such plants can result in untreated wastewater contaminating the immediate and surrounding area.

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14 REFERENCES

This LCA has been prepared using guidelines and procedures from the following sources:

AS 1289.3.4.1 Soil classification tests - Determination of Linear Shrinkage of a soil – Standard method.

AS 1289.3.6.1 Soil classification tests – Determination of the particle size distribution of a soil – Standard method of analysis by sieving.

AS 1289.3.8.1 Soil classification tests – Dispersion – Determination of Emerson class number of a soil.

AS/NZS 1547:2012, Australian and New Zealand, On-site domestic-wastewater management.

AS 2698 Plastic pipes and fittings for irrigation and rural applications.

Bureau of Meteorology – Annual rainfall and evaporation maps of Australia.

EPA Publication 451, March 1996, Code of Practice – Septic Tanks, Onsite Domestic Wastewater management.

EPA Publication 746.1, March 2003, Land Capability Assessment for Onsite Domestic Wastewater

Management.

EPA Publication 891.4, July 2016, Code of Practice – Onsite Wastewater Management

Merry, R H, 1996. Chemical Indicators of Soil Health.

Municipal Association of Victoria (MAV), January 2014, Victorian Land Capability Assessment Framework

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14 APPENDICES

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APPENDIX 1 - LOCALITY MAP

Source: https://mapshare.vic.gov.au/vicplan/ This copied document is made available for the sole purpose of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. This document must not be used for any purpose which may breach any copyright.

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APPENDIX 3 - AERIAL PHOTO

Source: Mitchell.pozi

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APPENDIX 4 - PLANNING SCHEME (Zones)

This copied document is made available for the sole purpose of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning Source: https://mapshare.vic.gov.au/vicplanprocess under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. This document must not be used for any purpose which may breach any copyright.

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APPENDIX 5 – CATCHMENT OVERLAY

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APPENDIX 6 – GROUNDWATER RESOURCE REPORTS

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Source: https://www.water.vic.gov.au/groundwater/groundwater-resource-reports

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APPENDIX 7 – PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD OF SITE CONDITIONS

Photograph 1: Photograph 2:

Proposed Building & Disposal Envelope - facing East Proposed Building & Disposal Envelope - facing West along Southern Boundary Photograph 3: Photograph 4:

Proposed Building & Disposal Envelope – facing View along Ephemeral drainage line – facing NE South across seasonal drainage line This copiedPhotograph document 5: is made available for the solePhotograph purpose 6: of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. This document must not be used for any purpose which may breach any copyright.

Soil Profiles encountered at borehole ‘BH1’ Soil Profiles encountered at borehole ‘BH2’

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APPENDIX 8 - GEOLOGICAL MAP

Source: https://gsv.vic.gov.au/sd_weave/anonymous.html

This copied document is made available for the sole purpose of• enablingG284 - Devonian its consideration (Late Devonian): & review Baynton as Granodiorite part of a –planning Igneous Granit e. process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987.

This document must not be used for any purpose which may breach any copyright.

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APPENDIX 9 - BORELOGS

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APPENDIX 10 – MATERIALS TEST REPORTS

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APPENDIX 11 – WATER BALANCE EQUATION

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APPENDIX 12 – POTENTIAL PLANTS FOR THE DISPOSAL FIELD

Distribution pipes of effluent systems are not generally subject to root blockage if constructed as recommended by the Code of Practice. The following list, although not exhaustive, is included as a guide to species that have been found from experience to be satisfactory.

Botanical Names Common Names Phragmites australis Canna x generalis Canna Lily Calla Lily Ginger Lily Acacia howittii Sticky Wattle Callistemon citrinus Crimson Bottlebrush Callistemon macropunctatus Scarlet Bottlebrush Leptospermum lanigerum Wooley Tea-tree Melaleuca decussata Cross Honey Myrtle Melaleuca ericifolia Swamp Paperback Melaleuca halmaturorum Salt Paperback Tamarix juniperina Flowering Tamarisk Eleocharis acuta Cannas Common Spike-Rush Buffalo/Kikuyu Geranium Hydrangeas Tall Wheat Grass Strawberry Clover White Clover Perennial Rye Bougainvillea This copied document is made available for the sole purpose of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning Note: Care shouldprocess be taken under when thelocating Planning trees, andto ensure Environment they do notAct shade 1987. the system unless they draw from it. This document must not be used for any purpose which may breach any copyright.

Contact your local garden nursery for water tolerant plants or refer to gardening books such as

Grow What Where, The Australian Plant Study Group, Viking O’Neil (Penguin Books 1990)

Gardening with Australian Plants, Roger Elliot (Lothian Publishing Co. 1990)

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Planting in damp conditions

Plants

Ground Surface

150 – 200 mm

Tree planting near disposal fields and drains

Bushes, shrubs and trees should generally not be permitted to grow directly over absorption trenches or sand filters – to minimise problems should the systems need to be dug up for maintenance. Where trees are near drainage lines, difficulties with roots entering the drains can be anticipated. Plants listed below should not be planted near drains, within 8m, because of risk of pipe blockage.

Botanical Names Common Names Eucalyptus Camaldulensis River red gum Eucalyptus Citriododra Lemon scented gum Fraxinus Raywoodi Claret Ash Eucalyptus Cladocalyx Sugar Gum Plananus – all species Plan Tree Populus nigra etc Poplar Salix babylonica etc Weeping Willow

This copied document is made available for the sole purpose The following plantsof enabling are generally its consideration satisfactory for & reviewplanting as to partwithin of 2a metresplanning of any drain or drainage area. process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. This document must not be used for any purpose which may Botanical Names breach anyCommon copyright. Names Acacia longifolia Sallow Wattle Callistemon viminalis Weeping Bottlebrush Callistemon lilacinus Lilac Bottlebrush Eucalyptus preissiana Bell-fruit Mallee Viminaria juncea Native Broom

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APPENDIX 13 – MAINTENANCE AND MONITORING PROCEDURES

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Planright Ref: CS9598 October 2020

Appendix F: Site Photos

This copied document is made available for the sole purpose of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. This document must not be used for any purpose which may breach any copyright. This copied document is made available for the sole purpose of enabling its consideration & review as part of a planning process under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. This document must not be used for any purpose which may breach any copyright.