List of energy storage projects - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_energy_storage_projects
List of energy storage projects From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of energy storage projects worldwide. Many individual energy storage projects augment electrical grids by capturing excess electrical energy during periods of low demand and storing it in other forms until needed on an electrical grid. The energy is later converted back to its electrical form and returned to the grid when needed.
Another energy storage method is the consumption of surplus or low-cost energy (typically during night time) for conversion into resources such as hot water, cool water or ice, which is then used for heating or cooling at other times when electricity is in higher demand and at greater cost per kilowatt hour (kWh). Such thermal energy storage is often employed at end-user sites such as large buildings, and also as part of district heating, thus 'shifting' energy consumption to other The Ffestiniog Pumped Storage dam in Wales, UK, times for better balancing of supply and demand. an early example of a major energy storage facility from 1963.
Contents
1 System types 1.1 Common forms 1.2 Gravitational potential energy storage 2 Projects and sites 2.1 Listing 3 See also 4 References 5 External links
The 150 MW Andasol solar power station is a commercial parabolic trough solar thermal power System types plant, located in Spain. The Andasol plant uses tanks of molten salt to store solar energy so that it can Common forms continue generating electricity even when the sun isn't shining. [1] Battery, Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), flow battery, secondary battery, see: Rechargeable battery Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES), see: Compressed air energy storage Cool water, hot water or ice thermal storage, see: Thermal energy storage and Seasonal thermal energy storage (STES) Flywheel energy storage Grid energy storage Liquid air or liquid nitrogen energy storage, see: Cryogenic energy storage Molten salt storage Power to gas Pumped hydroelectric storage (PHS), or pumped storage hydropower (PSH), see: Pumped-storage hydroelectricity Storage coil, superconducting storage coil, see: Superconducting magnetic energy storage
Gravitational potential energy storage
A newer concept called potential energy storage or gravity energy storage system, has generated some proposals, at least one of which was under active development in 2013 in the U.S. state of Nevada in association with the California independent system operator.[2][3][4] Whereas pumped hydro storage is a form of potential energy storage that uses water, the newer schemes are predicated on the movement of solid masses (such as hopper rail cars filled with plain earth driven by electric locomotives) from lower to higher elevations. The masses can then be stored there at a higher elevation with no loss of efficiency until power is required to be returned to the grid, at which time the masses are returned to their lower elevation storage site, generating electricity on their way down.
Advantages of one such system, called Advanced Rail Energy Storage (ARES), include the indefinite storage of potential energy with
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no efficiency losses over time (gravity doesn't degrade), the low bulk filler material costs when earth or rocks are used, the non-usage of water resources in areas where water is scarce, plus, since water is unused in that scheme there is no efficiency lost due to evaporation on hot days, one of several efficiency issues encounter with most pumped hydro storage reservoirs. [5]
Projects and sites
Listing
Note : this table is sortable by clicking on the triangle symbols at the top of each column.
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Electrical Energy Storage Projects and Sites
Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates The Andasol station has a thermal storage system which absorbs part of the heat produced in the solar field during the day, heating a molten salt mixture of 60% sodium nitrate and 40% potassium nitrate. A turbine produces electricity using this heat during the evening, or when the sky is overcast. This process Thermal Spain, Andasol Solar almost doubles the number of storage, 134.7 x 7.5 Granada, [6][7] Power Station operational hours at the solar Molten Salt Guadix thermal power plant per year. A full thermal reservoir holds 1,010 MW·h of heat, enough to run the turbine for about 7.5 hours at full-load, in case it rains or after sunset. Andasol 1 is able to supply environmentally friendly solar electricity for up to 200,000 people. [see separate article for further information] The Smarter Network Storage project is aimed at developing control and optimization systems United to trial applications of energy Kingdom, storage. Trials will include the Smarter Network Battery, England, 51°55 ′1.31 ″N 6.0 x 1.6 provision of services to [8][9] Storage Lithium-Ion Bedfordshire, 0°39 ′8.47 ″W distribution network operators Leighton and transmission system operators Buzzard as well as enabling the electricity market participation of energy storage. The $18M project uses sodium- sulfur batteries (NaS) manufactured by NGK Insulators Limited in Japan. The project was partly paid for with a contribution Yerba Buena Battery, of $3.3 million from the United States, Battery Energy Sodium- 4.0 x 6 California Energy Commission. California, [10][11][12] Storage System Sulfur One of the project's goals is to East San Jose Pilot Project have the U.S. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) study how NaS batteries can improve power quality and reliability on the electrical grid. On August 28, 2013 E.ON Hanse, solvicore and Swissgas inaugurated the commercial Falkenhagen Power to Gas unit in Falkenhagen Germany, [13][14] power-to-gas pilot Power to gas 2.0 x ? Germany. The unit, which has a Brandenburg, plant capacity of two megawatts, can Falkenhagen produce 360 cubic meters of hydrogen per hour. The plant uses
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates wind power and Hydrogenics electrolysis equipment to transform water into hydrogen, which is then injected into the existing regional natural gas transmission system. Swissgas, which represents over 100 local natural gas utilities, is a partner in the project with a 20 percent capital stake and an agreement to purchase a portion of the gas produced. Tamahara Dam is a rock-fill embankment dam on a Tone River tributary in the Gunma Prefecture of Japan. It creates the upper reservoir for the 1,200 MW Tamahara Pumped Storage Power Station. Construction began in 1973 and the dam was complete in 1981 while the power station was commissioned in 1986. It is 116 m (381 ft) tall and withholds Pumped a reservoir with an active (or Japan, Gunma Hydro Tamahara Dam 1,200 x ? useful) storage capacity of Prefecture, [15][16] Storage, 3 Numata. Closed Loop 13,000,000 m (10,539 acre·ft). The lower reservoir for the pumped-storage power station is created by the Fujiwara Dam, located 4 km (2 mi) to the northwest on another Tone River tributary. The power station contains four 300 MW reversible Francis turbine pump-generators which serve to both pump water and generate electricity. [see separate article for further info] This project consists of a 3 GW United States, Pumped Hydro storage plant in Virginia, Warm Pumped Bath County Virginia that pumps water to an Springs, Hydro Pumped Storage 3,003 x 10.3 elevated reservoir at night and George [17] Storage, Station lets it run back down to generate Washington Open Loop electricity during the day. [see National separate article for further info] Forest The CAN$13M sodium-sulphur battery storage facility was formally commissioned in September 2013, funded by BC Hydro and Canada's Department Canada, Battery, of Natural Resources (known as British Battery Energy Sodium- 1.0 x 7 Natural Resources Canada, or Columbia, [18][19] Storage Project Sulphur NRCan). The facility was Yoho National completed after two years of Park, Field construction and testing, with its batteries supplied by NGK Insulators Limited of Japan, and design and installation by S&C
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates Electric Company. Turlough Hill, Ireland's only pumped storage power station, is located approximately 60 km south of Dublin City in the Wicklow Mountains. Construction commenced in 1968, and the station became fully operational in 1974. The station generates up to 292 MW during peak demand periods Ireland, Pumped by releasing water from its upper County Hydro Turlough Hill 292 x 6 reservoir and allowing it to flow Wicklow, [17] Storage, through its four turbines into a Glendalough, Closed Loop lower reservoir. During periods of Bray lower demand the water is pumped back to the upper reservoir ready to be used again. In 2004, Turlough Hill became the Hydro Control Centre (HCC) for the entire ESB hydro fleet which contains 19 generators in total. [see separate article for further info] Eagle Mountain Mine was operated by Kaiser Steel Corporation from 1948 to 1982 for the mining and concentrating of iron ore through excavation of four open pits located on land. Eagle Crest Energy obtained exclusive rights to study the site for development of a hydroelectric project from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. Using open mine pits as reservoirs, the Eagle Mountain Pumped Storage Project will store water in an Pumped upper reservoir for later release United States, Eagle Mountain Hydro 1,300 x 18.5 through an underground power California, [17][20] Project Storage, plant to the lower reservoir, Desert Center Closed Loop generating electricity during peak hours when it is needed most. The Eagle Mountain Pumped Storage Project will utilize four 325 MW reversible hydroelectric turbines to provide 1,300 MW of firm, stable, and dispatchable power when needed. It will provide electricity during the peak electrical demand periods, unexpected generation outages, and help correct and balances in the southwestern grid. Through its ability to store the off-peak energy produced by wind
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates turbines, solar panels, and baseload nuclear and fossil fuel plants, this single project can accomplish the equivalent of many smaller peak-energy projects. This project will also help make renewable wind and solar projects fully integrated, reliable generation sources. 1,728 MW pumped-storage hydroelectric scheme, near Dinorwig, Llanberis in Snowdonia Pumped United National Park in Gwynedd, North Dinorwig Power Hydro Kingdom, 1,728 x 5 Wales. It comprises 16 km of [21][22] Station Storage, Wales, tunnels, 1 million tons of Closed Loop Dinorwig concrete, 200,000 tons of cement and 4,500 tons of steel. [see separate article for further info] The Ffestiniog Power Station is a 360 MW pumped-storage hydroelectricity scheme which has four water turbines, which can generate 360 megawatts of electricity within 60 seconds of Pumped the need arising. The station, United Ffestiniog Power Hydro Kingdom, 360 x 4.7? commissioned in 1963, was the [23][24] Station Storage, first major pumped storage system Wales, Closed Loop in the UK. The upper reservoir Ffestiniog discharges 27 m 3/s (953 cu ft/s) of water to the turbine generators at the power station on the bank of Tan-y-Grisiau reservoir. [see separate article for further info] The Ludington Pumped Storage Plant sits on a 1,000-acre (400 ha) site along the Lake Michigan shoreline. The plant was built between 1969–73 and is jointly owned by Consumers Energy and Detroit Edison, and operated by Consumers Energy. Ludington can provide energy at a moment’s notice. Its ability lies in Pumped its 27-billion gallon reservoir and [22][22] Ludington Pumped United States, Hydro a set of six turbines that drive Storage Power 1,872 x 8 Michigan, [25][26] Storage, electric generators. Those same Plant Ludington [27][28] Open Loop turbines double as giant water pumps to fill the reservoir with water from Lake Michigan. At night, when electric demand is low, Ludington’s reversible turbines pump water 363 feet uphill from Lake Michigan. The water is pumped through six large pipes, or “penstocks”, to the 842-acre reservoir. During the day, when electric demand is
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates high, the reservoir releases water to flow downhill through the penstocks. The flowing water turns turbines and generators in the powerhouse to make electricity. Consumers Energy and Detroit Edison announced an $800 million upgrade on February 7, 2011. The six year project would begin in 2013 and extend the plant's life by at least forty years and upgrade the generating capacity from 1,872 megawatts to 2,172 megawatts. [see separate article for further info] 300 MW Closed-Loop Pumped Storage Scheme developed by and through the integration of Anthracite coal surface mining and reclamation and rockfill dam construction. The lower reservoir Pumped United States, Silver Creek will be created by what remains Hydro Pennsylvania, Pumped Storage 300 x 8 of a large coal surface mining. [17] Storage, Blythe Project The upper reservoir's dam/dike Closed-Loop Township will be constructed of the rock and earth by-product of surface mining (overburden). Recovery of over 4 million tons of anthracite coal will help subsidize project costs. A 300 MW A-CAES demo plant will use an underground storage container (depleted gas reservoir), and next-generation turbomachinery. The project has 3 phases: Phase 1 - preliminary Advanced engineering, geologic reservoir Underground Compressed engineering, econmoic analyses, United States, CAES Project With Air Storage, 300 x 10 and regulatory permitting; Phase California, [17] Saline Porous Rock In-ground 2 - Construction and plant Kern County Formation commissioning; Phase 3: Plant operation and plant performance monitoring. Phase 2 of the project will go ahead if the Phase 1 results show PG&E and California regulatory management that the project is cost effective. 1st commercial CAES plant, operational since 1978. The 290-MW plant utilizes nuclear- Compressed sourced night-time power for Air Storage, Germany, Huntorf CAES compression and produces peak In-ground 290 x 3 Huntorf, [17][2] Plant power during the day via a natural Natural Gas gas turbine. The facility stores the Elsfleth Combustion compressed air in two ""solution- mined"" salt caverns which comprise a total of 310,000 cubic
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates meters. (Water was pumped into and out of a salt deposit to dissolve the salt and form the cavern). The depth of the caverns is more than 600 m which ensures the stability of the air for several months' storage, and guarantees the specified maximum pressure of 100 bar. One cavern is cycled on a diurnal basis. The second cavern serves as a black start asset if the nearby nuclear power plant unexpectedly goes down. Parabolic trough solar plant with 6 hours storage by molten salt. The Solana Generating Station is a solar power plant near Gila Bend, Arizona, about 113 Thermal United States, Solana Generating kilometres (70 mi) southwest of [29][30] Storage, 280 x 6 Arizona, Gila Station Phoenix, completed in 2013. [31][32] Molten Salt Bend When completed it was the largest parabolic trough plant in the world and the first U.S. solar plant with thermal storage. [see separate article for further info] The 2nd commercial CAES plant, in operation since 1991. Like the Huntorf plant, the McIntosh Unit 1 facility stores compressed air in a solution-mined salt cavern. The cavern is 220 ft in diameter and 1,000 ft tall, for a total volume of 10 million cubic feet. At full charge, the cavern is pressurized to 1,100 psi, and it is discharged down to 650 psi. During discharge, 340 pounds of air flow out of the cavern each second. The cavern can discharge for 26 Compressed hours. The plant also utilizes Air Storage, United States, McIntosh CAES nuclear-sourced night-time power [17][33] In-ground 110 x 26 Alabama, Plant for compression and then [34][2] Natural Gas produces peak power during the McIntosh Combustion day by releasing the compressed air into a 110-MW gas-fired combustion turbine built by Dresser Rand. The turbine unit also makes use of an air-to-air heat exchanger to preheat air from the cavern with waste heat from the turbine. The waste heat recovery system reduces fuel usage by roughly 25%. Compared to conventional combustion turbines, the CAES-fed system can start up in 15 minutes rather than 30 minutes, uses only 30% to
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates 40% of the natural gas, and operates efficiently down to low loads (about 25% of full load). The key function of the facility is for peak shaving. The Lake Hodges Projects are part of the San Diego County Water Authority's Emergency Storage Project, a system of reservoirs, interconnected pipelines and pumping stations designed to make water available to the San Diego region in the event of an interruption in imported water deliveries. The Lake Hodges Projects will connect the city of San Diego’s Pumped Hodges Reservoir, also called United States, Olivenhain-Hodges Hydro 40 x 8 Lake Hodges, to the Water California, [17] Storage Project Storage, Authority’s Olivenhain Reservoir Escondido Open Loop via a 1.25-mile pipeline travelling 770 feet vertically. The connection provides the ability to store 20,000 acre-feet of water in Hodges Reservoir for emergency use. When water is transferred downhill from Olivenhain Reservoir into Hodges Reservoir, it will generate up to 40-megawatts of peak hydroelectric energy. [see separate article for further info] Duke Energy is deploying a wind energy storage demonstration project at the Notrees Wind power project in western Texas. The project will demonstrate how energy storage and power storage technologies can help wind power Notrees Wind Battery, systems address intermittency United States, Energy Storage Advanced 36 x 0.25 issues by building a 36 megawatt [17] Texas, Notrees Project Lead Acid (MW) turnkey energy storage and power management system capable of optimizing the delivery of energy, in addition to providing regulation service in the ERCOT market. The project is supported by a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Electricity ARRA grant. The AES Corporation has installed a wind generation plant consisting of 98 MW of wind United States, Battery, generation and 32 MW of Laurel Mountain 32 x 0.25 West Virginia, [17][35] Lithium Ion integrated battery-based energy storage. The project is supplying Elkins emissions-free renewable energy and clean, flexible, operating
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates reserve capacity to the PJM Interconnection, the largest power market in the world. [see separate article for further info] Completed in December 2003, the BESS is a Golden Valley Electric Association (GVEA) initiative to improve the reliability of service to GVEA members. In the event of a generation or transmission related outage, it can provide 27 megawatts of power for 15 minutes. That's enough time for the co-op to start up local generation when there are problems with the Intertie or power plants in Anchorage. One Battery Energy Battery, United States, of the requirements for Storage System Nickel 27 x 0.25 Alaska, [17] construction of the Intertie was a (BESS) Cadmium Fairbanks reactive power supply capable of delivering power should generation fail. At the heart of the world's most powerful energy storage battery are two core components: the Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cad) batteries, developed by Saft, and the converter, designed and supplied by ABB. The converter changes the batteries' DC power into AC power ready for use in GVEA's transmission system. Primus Power is developing and deploying a 25 MW–75 MWh EnergyFarm energy storage system in the Modesto Irrigation District in California’s Central Valley. The system would replace the potential future installation of a $78M / 50 MW fossil fuel plant and is intended to provide flexible Primus Power capacity for the region and Battery, Zinc United States, Modesto Wind compensate for the variable Chlorine 25 x 3 California, [17] Firming Energy nature of wind and solar energy. Redox Flow Modesto Farm The technology lends itself to a robust product design with exceptionally low installed cost of power and energy. It is further differentiated by its 2–10x smaller footprint, high degree of safety, and the investment advantages of a mobile and modular distributed system which is pollution free and silent. This project will utilize 20 MW of Chile, Battery, Angamos 20 x 0.33 A123 lithium-ion batteries to Mejillones, [17] Lithium Ion supply a flexible and scalable Antofagasta
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates emissions-free reserve capacity installation for AES Gener. The advanced energy storage installation provides critical contingency services to maintain the stability of the electric grid in Northern Chile, an important mining area. It continuously monitors the condition of the power system and if a significant frequency deviation occurs—for example, the loss of a generator or transmission line—the energy storage system is capable of providing up to 20 MW of power nearly instantaneously. This output is designed to be maintained for 15 minutes at full power, allowing the system operator to resolve the event or bring other standby units online. Beacon installed a 20 MW flywheel plant used for frequency regulation in the NYISO service Beacon New York United States, area. The project is the largest [17][36] Flywheel Energy Flywheel 20 x 0.25 New York, flywheel installation in the world [37][38] Storage Plant Stephentown and consists of 200 individual spinning masses. [see separate article for further info] Xtreme Power installed a 15 MW fully integrated energy storage and power management system designed to provide load firming for a 30 MW wind farm in Hawaii, as well as provide critical Battery, Kahuku Wind grid integration services. The United States, Advanced 15 x 0.25 [17][37][39] Farm project is supported by a U.S. Hawaii, Oahu Lead Acid DOE Office of Electricity loan guarantee. This is one of at least 3 other wind farm projects either planned or operational in Hawaii. [see separate article for further info] The Los Andes project provides critical contingency services to maintain the stability of the electric grid in Northern Chile, an important mining area. The project continuously monitors the Chile, Battery, condition of the power system Los Andes 12 x 0.33 Atacama, [17] Lithium Ion and if a significant frequency deviation occurs, such as the loss Copiapó of a generator or transmission line, the Los Andes system provides up to 12 MW of power nearly instantaneously. This output can be maintained for 20
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates minutes at full power, allowing the system operator to resolve the event or bring other standby units online. 9-MW plant will use steel piping to hold pressurized air instead of geologic based air store. Preliminary plant design Compressed United States, Next Gen CAES complete; NYSERDA funding Air Storage, 9 x 4.5 New York, [17] using Steel Piping expected in July 2012; Vendors, Modular Queens utility sponsor, and site location determined. Groundbreaking slated for 2013 to 2014 time frame. The AES Corporation installed a bank of 800,000 A123 Lithium-ion batteries to perform United States, Battery, frequency regulation for the New Johnson City 8 x 0.25 New York, [17] Lithium Ion York ISO. The system was the Johnson City largest Lithium-ion battery in commercial service on the US power grid when completed. The Tehachapi Wind Energy Storage project is an ARRA-funded demonstration project evaluating the performance of an 8 MW, 4hour (32 MWh) lithium-ion battery system to improve grid performance and integration of large-scale variable energy resourced generation. Southern California Edison (SCE) will site the system at their Monolith substation on the Antelope-Bailey transmission system. The project team will measure performance United States, Tehachapi Energy Battery, under 13 specific operational [17][40] 8 x 4 California, Storage Project Lithium Ion uses: voltage support and grid [41][42] Tehachapi stabilization; decrease transmission losses; diminish congestion; increase system reliability; defer transmission investment; enhance value and effectiveness of renewable energy-related transmission; system capacity and resources adequacy; integrate renewable energy (smoothing); shift wind generation output; frequency signal/response; spin/non-spin replacement reserves; ramp management; and energy price arbitrage. National Wind and Battery, The Zhangbei National Wind and China, Hebei, Solar Energy Lithium Iron 6 x 6 Solar Energy Storage and [17] Zhangbei
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates Transmission Demonstration Project will eventually grow to include 500 MW of installed wind capacity, 100 MW of installed solar PV capacity and 110 MW of energy storage with an overall investment of 12 billion RMB (1.89 billion USD). The project currently includes a total of 14 MW of lithium-ion batteries and a vanadium redox flow battery: (I) 6 MW–36 MWh Lithium Iron Phosphate batteries (BYD Auto) (II) 4 MW–16 MWh Lithium-ion batteries (Amperex Technology Limited (ATL)) (III) 3 MW–9 MWh Lithium-ion batteries (China Aviation Lithium Battery Co., Ltd.) (IV) 1 MW, 2 MWh Storage and Lithium-ion batteries (Wanxiang Transmission Group) (V) 2 MW–8 MWh Phosphate Demonstration Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Project (I) (Prudent Energy) Note: The 5 National Wind and Solar Energy Storage and Transmission Demonstration Project entries in the DOE Energy Storage Database correspond to the 4 lithium-ion battery systems and 1 vanadium redox flow battery system. Original plans to include 4 MW of sodium-sulfur batteries have been delayed over safety concerns. Energy storage applications include wind solar and other renewable energy integration, frequency regulation and voltage support. The project is focused on using battery energy storage to enable interactive management of the electric power grid. Ice Energy and REU will collaborate on the second phase. The program to install Ice Bear units within the northern Redding Electric California territory aims to reduce Utilities - Peak peak electricity load demand by United States, Capacity, Demand Thermal up to 6 MW over five years. REU 6 x 2 California, [17] Response, HVAC Storage, Ice expects to have the thermal Redding Replacement energy storage program Program Phase 2 completed in 2017. Skyway Machine, a local Redding manufacturing company, will provide final assembly of the new Ice Bear units.
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates This project is State Power's first supply-side energy storage project, incorporating 49.5 MW installed wind capacity and a 5 Guodian MW lithium-ion battery system. China, Supply-Side Battery, 5 x 2.0 The energy storage system Liaoning, [17] Energy Storage Lithium Ion improves the quality of wind Jinzhou Project power electricity, reduces wind curtailment, and allows the electric power grid to accept a greater amount of wind power. PGE’s Salem Smart Power Center (SSPC) is an Energy Storage Facility under construction in Salem, Oregon. The project will test a 5 MW, 1.25 MWh storage resource designed to increase distribution system reliability, aid renewable resource integration and decrease peak-price risk. The ESF is a key aspect of PGE’s Salem Smart Power project associated with the Pacific Northwest Smart Grid PGE Salem Smart Demonstration Project test phase Power Center Battery, which begins September, 2012. United States, (Pacific Northwest 5 x 0.25 [17] Lithium Ion PGE expects demand response Oregon, Salem Smart Grid and utility-scale storage system Demonstration) use to contribute to decreases in the cost of energy: first, by shifting demand from one market- time-period to another; and finally as a renewable resource optimization technology, where the MW-scale system may be used to follow an intermittent renewable resource, such as solar or wind. (CapEx shown below covers the entire Salem project not the energy storage facility alone) One of the largest thermal energy storage systems in the world; Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LEED JC Penney Thermal United States, 4.425 x 12 Gold certified. The system offsets [17] Headquarters Storage, Ice Texas, Plano the peak demands of electrical use by making ice each night to cool the building the following day. The Zhangbei National Wind and National Wind and Solar Energy Storage and Solar Energy Transmission Demonstration Storage and Battery, China, Hebei, 4 x 4 Project will eventually grow to [17] Transmission Lithium Ion include 500 MW of installed wind Zhangbei Demonstration capacity, 100 MW of installed Project (II) solar PV capacity and 110 MW of
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates energy storage with an overall investment of 12 billion RMB (1.89 billion USD). The project currently includes a total of 14 MW of lithium-ion batteries and a vanadium redox flow battery: (I) 6 MW–36 MWh Lithium Iron Phosphate batteries (BYD Auto) (II) 4 MW–16 MWh Lithium-ion batteries (Amperex Technology Limited (ATL)) (III) 3 MW–9 MWh Lithium-ion batteries (China Aviation Lithium Battery Co., Ltd.) (IV) 1 MW–2 MWh Lithium-ion batteries (Wanxiang Group) (V) 2 MW, 8 MWh Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (Prudent Energy). Note: The 5 National Wind and Solar Energy Storage and Transmission Demonstration Project entries in the DOE Energy Storage Database correspond to the 4 lithium-ion battery systems and 1 vanadium redox flow battery system. Original plans to include 4 MW of sodium-sulfur batteries have been delayed over safety concerns. Energy storage applications include wind solar and other renewable energy integration, frequency regulation and voltage support. The project is focused on using battery energy storage to enable interactive management of the electric power grid. [see separate article for further info] The Zhangbei National Wind and Solar Energy Storage and Transmission Demonstration Project will eventually grow to include 500 MW of installed wind capacity, 100 MW of installed solar PV capacity and 110 MW of National Wind and energy storage with an overall Solar Energy investment of 12 billion RMB Storage and Battery, (1.89 billion USD). The project China, Hebei, 3 x 3 [17] Transmission Lithium Ion currently includes a total of 14 Zhangbei Demonstration MW of lithium-ion batteries and a Project (III) vanadium redox flow battery: (I) 6 MW, 36 MWh Lithium Iron Phosphate batteries (BYD Auto) (II) 4 MW, 16 MWh Lithium-ion batteries (Amperex Technology Limited (ATL)) (III) 3 MW, 9 MWh Lithium-ion batteries (China Aviation Lithium Battery
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates Co., Ltd.) (IV) 1 MW, 2 MWh Lithium-ion batteries (Wanxiang Group) (V) 2 MW, 8 MWh Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (Prudent Energy) Note: The 5 National Wind and Solar Energy Storage and Transmission Demonstration Project entries in the DOE Energy Storage Database correspond to the 4 lithium-ion battery systems and 1 vanadium redox flow battery system. Original plans to include 4 MW of sodium-sulfur batteries have been delayed over safety concerns. Energy storage applications include wind solar and other renewable energy integration, frequency regulation and voltage support. The project is focused on using battery energy storage to enable interactive management of the electric power grid. Chilled water thermal energy storage system that is integrated Thermal into the existing district cooling United States, University of Storage, system for the university. Please 3 x 8 Florida, [17] Central Florida Chilled contact Guy Frankenfield at DN Orlando Water Tanks to obtain a copy of the case study. [see separate article for further info] The PJM (Pennsylvania-Jersey- Maryland Interconnection) Regulation Services project in Lyon Station, PA, was one of the projects selected and partly funded by the DOE under its American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 to demonstrate the ability of the Ecoult and Deka UltraBattery energy storage system to enhance the reliability and efficiency of United States, PJM Regulation Battery, 3 x 0.72 the grid. It will provide 3 MW of Pennsylvania, [17] Services Project Ultra continuous frequency regulation Lyon Station services to the grid of PJM Interconnection, the largest Regional Transmission Organization/Independent System Operator in the US. The new system will also be used for peak demand management services to the local utility, Met-Ed (a First Energy Company). The PJM demonstration project has been implemented in both a building
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates and a containerized format to demonstrate the modularity and mobility of the storage solutions. This project will be a leading model in the implementation of energy storage technology enabling a smarter grid on a much a broader scale. The university placed three separate orders for energy storage tanks and they were added to two United States, University of Thermal of their three existing central 3 x 6 Arizona, [17] Arizona Storage, Ice plants in 2004, 2006 and 2007. Tucson There are 205 tanks in total at the two plants. [see separate article for further info] Xtreme will install a 3 MW Advanced Lead Acid energy storage system on the Kodiak Island grid to respond to grid voltage and frequency fluctuations from local wind generation. The energy storage will act as a "bridge" between the Battery, United States, Pillar Mountain wind and hydro resources, Advanced 3.0 x 0.25 Alaska, [17] Wind Project allowing KEA Lead Acid Kodiak
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates Limited (ATL)) (III) 3 MW–9 MWh Lithium-ion batteries (China Aviation Lithium Battery Co., Ltd.) (IV) 1 MW–2 MWh Lithium-ion batteries (Wanxiang Group) (V) 2 MW–8 MWh Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (Prudent Energy). Note: The 5 National Wind and Solar Energy Storage and Transmission Demonstration Project entries in the DOE Energy Storage Database correspond to the 4 lithium-ion battery systems and 1 vanadium redox flow battery system. Original plans to include 4 MW of sodium-sulfur batteries have been delayed over safety concerns. Energy storage applications include wind solar and other renewable energy integration, frequency regulation and voltage support. The project is focused on using battery energy storage to enable interactive management of the electric power grid. Installation is on Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) property near the Ultra Malverne station. The system United States, LIRR Malverne Capacitor 2.0 x 0.02 performs regenerative braking, New York, [17] WESS Battery, charging and discharging in 20 Malverne Double-layer second time periods. NYSERDA is co-funding this project. Alameda County’s Santa Rita Jail smart grid demonstration project in Dublin, California, is the country’s largest CERTS-based microgrid with renewable generation and large-scale energy storage. Designed and constructed by Chevron Energy Solutions, this Santa Rita Jail Battery, first-of-its-kind project is United States, Smart Grid – Lithium 2.0 x 2 anticipated to be a powerful California, [17][43] Advanced Energy Ferrous enabler toward a smarter grid. It Dublin Storage System Phosphate brings together multiple partners and technologies to deliver an essential component of the U.S. Department of Energy’s plan to deploy an advanced, interconnected energy network capable of meeting the consumption needs of tomorrow. Compressed SustainX, a company with its United States, Isothermal CAES Air Storage, origins at Dartmouth College, is New to Support RE 1.5 x 1 [17][33][2] Modular constructing a 1.5 MW pilot Hampshire, Production Isothermal system in Seabrook, New Seabrook
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates Hampshire, to demonstrate their modular isothermal compressed air energy storage system. This second generation ICAES system is scheduled for completion in 2013, with the third generation field-deployed ICAES system ready for operation by 2014. The current schedule would have SustainX's isothermal system ready for commercial production in 2015. The project is designed to collect operational data on the integration of energy storage and solar energy systems at the Solar Technology Acceleration Center Battery, United States, (SolarTAC). Xtreme Power’s Xcel and SolarTAC Advanced 1.5 x 0.25 Colorado, [17] Dynamic Power Resource (DPR) Lead Acid Aurora will perform Ramp Control, Frequency Response, Voltage Support, and Firming/Shaping along with other valuable services for solar energy. The KIUC DPR is designed to mitigate the variability of a 3 MW the island grid. Xtreme Power's Battery, Dynamic Power Resource (DPR) Kaua ʻi Island United States, Advanced 1.5 x 0.25 will provide responsive reserves [17] Utility Cooperative Hawaii, Koloa Lead Acid to the island utility and correct any frequency and voltage deviations. [see separate article for further info] Glendale Water and Power’s (GWP) Ice Bear project installed Ice Thermal Energy storage units at 28 Glendale city buildings and 58 local small, medium sized, and large commercial businesses. The Glendale Water United States, Thermal project was supported by local and Power - Peak 1.5 x 6 California, [17] Storage, Ice trade companies and created Capacity Project Glendale approximately 40 jobs during the 1 year installation process. A total of 180 Ice Bear units have been installed in Glendale since the program’s inception. The turnkey system costs $2,170 per kW. Xtreme Power installed a 1.5 MW Dynamic Power Resource (DPR) as a demonstration project to Battery, perform Ramp Control for 3 MW Kaheawa I Wind United States, Advanced 1.5 x 0.25 of the 30 MW Kaheawa Wind [17] Project Hawaii, Maui Lead Acid Farm in Hawaii. The project uses Xtreme's patented Dynamic Power Resource energy storage and power management system.
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates This is an owner-occupied office and technical center. The Ice Thermal Storage System provides load shifting to the owner- occupied office and technical center. On most days while the United States, Nissan Technical Thermal building is occupied (peak hours), Michigan, Center North 1.425 x 16 [17] Storage, Ice the building can run solely off of Farmington America Inc. the ice system. However, there Hills are certain peak summer days (roughly 30% of the time) when a chiller is run in series with the storage system to meet the total building demand. Xtreme Power deployed a 1.125 MVA Dynamic Power Resource (DPR) at the Lanai Sustainability Research's 1.5 MW DC–1.2 MW Lanai Battery, AC solar farm in order to double United States, Sustainability Advanced 1.125 x 0.25 the output of the solar and control [17] Hawaii, Lanai Research Lead Acid the ramp rate to +/- 360 kW/min. The solar farm was previously curtailed to 600 kW, and is now operating at full capacity with the DPR. This system is designed to demonstrate a 1.08 MW vanadium redox battery (VRB) storage system at the 32 MW municipal coal fired power plant Painesville in Painesville. The system will Municipal Power Battery, United States, provide operating data and Vanadium Redox Vanadium 1.1 x 8.0 Ohio, [17] experience to help the plant Battery Redox Flow Painesville maintain its daily power output Demonstration requirement more efficiently while reducing its carbon footprint. The project is supported by a U.S. DOE Office of Energy ARRA grant. Samsung SDI installed 1 MW–1 MWh of Li-ion battery based energy storage system for South Korea, Giheung Samsung Battery, industrial energy management 1.0 x 1 Gyeonggi-do, [17] SDI Project Lithium Ion with peak-shifting. The system is Yongin-si located at the Samsung SDI Headquarters in Yongin-Si, South Korea. The Zhangbei National Wind and Solar Energy Storage and National Wind and Transmission Demonstration Solar Energy Project will eventually grow to Storage and Battery, include 500 MW of installed wind China, Hebei, 1.0 x 2 [17] Transmission Lithium Ion capacity, 100 MW of installed Zhangbei Demonstration solar PV capacity and 110 MW of Project (IV) energy storage with an overall investment of 12 billion RMB
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates (1.89 billion USD). The project currently includes a total of 14 MW of lithium-ion batteries and a vanadium redox flow battery. Note: The 5 National Wind and Solar Energy Storage and Transmission Demonstration Project entries in the DOE Energy Storage Database correspond to the 4 lithium-ion battery systems and 1 vanadium redox flow battery system. Original plans to include 4 MW of sodium-sulfur batteries have been delayed over safety concerns. Energy storage applications include wind solar and other renewable energy integration, frequency regulation and voltage support. The project is focused on using battery energy storage to enable interactive management of the electric power grid. Metlakatla Power and Light (MP&L) has a BESS installation consisting of Exide (GNB Industrial Power) VRLA cells, providing rapid spinning reserve, frequency control, and better power quality. Beginning operation in 1997, the MP&L BESS has a 1 MW peak power output, and 1.4 MWh energy capacity. It is capable of supporting continuous loads of 800 kilovolt amperes (kVA), pulse loads up to 1200 kVA, and consists of 378 Absolyte VRLA 100A75 modules. Nearly 5 MW of hydroelectric generation United States, Battery, Metlakatla BESS 1.0 x 1.4 capacity provides almost all of Alaska, [17] Lead Acid MP&L’s power, with a 3.3 MW Metlakatla diesel generation system relegated to reserve duty. MP&L’s two hydroelectric plants, Purple Lake and Chester Lake, have reservoir storage capacity, though the hydro generators were too slow to respond to sudden load fluctuations. At the time of the BESS’s initial operations, the MP&L peak load was approximately 4 MW. A lumber mill in Metlakatla (since closed down) caused large, sudden power spikes on the community’s islanded power system, and the BESS was installed to provide fast
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates response for the mill’s rapid load changes. The MP&L BESS is housed in a purpose-built 40-foot by 70-foot steel butler building that sits on a cement pad. Installation cost of the 1 MW/1.4 MWh Excide Metlakatla BESS was $1.6 million in 1996 dollars (estimated cost in 2009 dollars: $2.2 million). Today, MP&L is in the process of replacing the batteries after 12 years of service. The estimated cost for a replacement of BESS’s EXIDE cells (including contingency) will be about $750,000. Spent battery cells will be sent to a lead-acid battery recycling plant in Quebec. In October 2008, Xcel Energy began testing a one-megawatt battery-storage technology to demonstrate its ability to store wind energy and move it to the electricity grid when needed. Xcel Energy purchased the battery from NGK Insulators Ltd. The sodium-sulfur battery is commercially available and versions of this technology are in use elsewhere in the U.S. and other parts of the world, but this is the first U.S. application of the battery as a direct wind energy Battery, United States, Wind-to-Battery storage device. The project is Sodium- 1.0 x 7 Minnesota, [17] MinnWind Project being conducted in Luverne, Sulfur Luverne Minn., about 30 miles east of Sioux Falls, S.D. The battery installation is connected to a nearby 11-megawatt wind farm owned by Minwind Energy, LLC. The project received a $1 million grant from Xcel Energy’s Renewable Development Fund. Update:The battery system is in cold shutdown until design modifications can be implemented to address potential for fire, as experienced with NGK battery system in Japan in 2011. Restart is projected in late 2012. This project is designed to demonstrate a proof of concept Detroit Edison for aggregated Community United States, Battery, Community Energy 1.0 x 2 Energy Storage Devices in a Michigan, [17] Lithium Ion Storage Project utility territory. The project has Detroit the following major research objectives: 1) Installation of 20
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates Community Energy Storage (CES) devices across a utility territory; 2) The installation and use of centralized communication across the service territory; 3) The integration of a renewable resource with energy storage; 4) The creation of algorithms for dispatching CES devices for peak shaving and demand response; 5) The integration and testing of secondary-use electric vehicle batteries; and 6) The use of Energy storage devices to provide ancillary services to the power grid. Ice Energy installed 1 MW of Ice Bear Thermal Energy Storage Redding Electric Assets to assist Redding Electric Utilities - Peak Utility avoid procurement of high United States, Capacity, Demand Thermal cost summer peak energy by 1.0 x 6 California, [17] Response, HVAC Storage, Ice shifting air conditioning load Redding Replacement permanently to the night time Program hours when energy is more abundant and lower cost. The turnkey system costs $2,170/kW. Southern California Edison partnered with Ice Energy to create a rebate program of Southern California $1800/kW for businesses to Edison - HVAC United States, Thermal install the Ice Bear system at their Optimization 0.750 x 6 California, [17] Storage, Ice commercial locations. The Program with Rosemead systems reduce peak HVAC energy storage energy demand significantly, meaning lower electricity consumption overall. Xtreme integrated their Dynamic Power Resource with a solar Xtreme Power power-run Ford car Battery, United States, Ford manufacturing plant in Dearborn Advanced 0.750 x 2.67 Michigan, [17][44] Manufacturing Michigan. The Storage System Lead Acid Dearborn Assembly Plant helps to even out the intermittent solar resource. [see separate article for further info] Duquesne University is a landlocked but growing university in the heart of Pittsburgh. The Power Center, a new Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) project, was to be United States, Duquesne Thermal 0.6 x 6 added to the central cooling plant Pennsylvania, [17] University Storage, Ice upon completion. Additionally, Pittsburgh the AJ Palumbo Center HVAC cooling systems were going to be replaced in the near future so additional cooling capacity was
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates needed. Room for an additional cooling tower was hard to come by so it was decided to use the existing cooling tower capacity that was available at night. So an ice making chiller and 6,000 tn hours of energy storage were installed to the existing cooling plant. Gills Onions has a bio waste-based advanced energy recovery system that produces methane and biogas from onion Prudent Energy Battery, United States, production waste. Prudent VRB-ESS - Gills Vanadium 0.6 x 6 California, [17] Energy's VRB energy storage Onions, California Redox Flow Oxnard system provides peak-shaving and demand charge avoidance services to reduce Gills Onions' monthly electric utility bill. Energy storage tanks in the basement of the parking structure meet the peak cooling loads of 3 office towers from 6 am to 6 pm during the work week in the United States, Mission City Thermal summer, charging from 10 pm to 6 0.5 x 7 California, San [17] Office Complex Storage, Ice am (off-peak) 5 days per week. In Diego the winter, the cooling loads are lower so the energy storage tanks meet the cooling requirements often for up to a week without recharging. This project is demonstrating how a 2.8 MWh Advanced Lead Acid battery along with a sophisticated control system turns a 500 kW solar PV installation into a reliable, dispatchable distributed generation resource. This hybrid PNM Prosperity Battery, resource will mitigate fluctuations United States, Energy Storage Advanced 0.5 x 5.6 in voltage normally caused by New Mexico, [17] Project Lead Acid intermittent sources such as PV Albuquerque and wind and simultaneously store more energy for later use when customer demand peaks. The project is supported by an ARRA grant from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity. Energy storage allows Bethel Park High School a lower connected load to the grid while allowing the cooling system to United States, Bethel Park High Thermal 0.375 x 6 capture and store efficient low Pennsylvania, [17] School Storage, Ice cost energy for use during high Bethel Park demand and high cost periods. The $73M 30286 square metre
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates (326,000 square feet) high school earned a Green Globes Level 3 designation which is similar to Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Gold designation in efficiency. The project was designed by Weber Murphy Fox Architects, the Hayes Design Group and Tower Engineering. 432 tons of electric cooling was installed and 2,250 net usable ton hours of storage resulting in an average demand reduction of 375 kW. Highview‘s technology uses off-peak or ‘wrong-time’ power to liquefy air (710 litres of air becomes one litre of liquid air), which is then held in a tank until electricity is required. The liquid air is then returned to gaseous form, expanding 710 times, to Compressed United drive a turbine. Extreme cold is Highview Pilot Air Storage, Kingdom, 0.350 x 7 recovered and stored to assist [17] Plant Cryogenic Berkshire, with subsequent liquefaction, thus Liquid Air Slough greatly improving the overall efficiency of the system. If waste heat is available (e.g. from a neighbouring power plant or industrial process) then this can be introduced at the expansion phase, enhancing system efficiency. OptiGrid combines the right battery chemistry, power Battery, Pb conditioning system, monitoring United States, VRLA, Flat system and shelter. This OptiGrid Vermont, Burlington 1 MWh 0.250 x 4 [17] plate (Lead system is a 1 MW installation South acid) which is used by an industrial Burlington manufacturer to offset curtailment from the local utility. In October 2011, the Fujian Electric Power Research Institute began plans to develop a mobile energy storage prototype project consisting of (I) two sets of 125 kW/250kWh battery systems Fujian Electric and (II) one 125 kW/375kWh Power Research Battery, hour battery system. This energy China, Fujian, Institute Mobile Lithium Iron 0.250 x 2 [17] storage unit will provide peak Anxi Energy Storage Phosphate electricity for 10 to 15 Station I commercial electricity consumers in the tea production industry. When Anxi is not producing tea, the system is moved to Fuan to meet peak electricity demands for the processing of white tea.
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates This project will demonstrate a redox flow battery system in combination with an intermittent, renewable energy source. The project will use EnerVault’s Engineered Cascade architecture to reduce demand charges and enhance the performance of a EnerVault Redox Battery, Iron United States, dual-axis tracking photovoltaic Flow Battery Chromium 0.250 x 4 California, [17] system to power a large irrigation Demo Project Redox Flow Denair pump. The project will establish the suitability of energy storage systems to meet the safety, reliability, and cost requirements of distributed energy storage. The project is supported by a U.S. DOE ARRA Storage Demonstration grant. Owens-Illinois World Headquarters has a 400 ton peak Owens-Illinois cooling load. This building is an United States, World Thermal 0.250 x 12 owner occupied office building Ohio, [17] Headquarters Ice Storage, Ice with a Leadership in Energy and Perrysburg Thermal Storage Environmental Design (LEED) Silver certification. ZBB is providing a 500kWH energy storage system for use in a Battery, Zinc micro-grid application for the United States, Illinois Institute of Bromine 0.250 x 2 Galvin Institute's "Perfect Power" Illinois, [17] Technology Redox Flow system at the Illinois Institute of Chicago Technology campus in Chicago, IL Fossil Ridge High School is 60% more efficient than a comparable building. This school won a first place ASHRAE Technology Award- in the New Institutional Category, is certified Leadership in Energy and Environmental United States, Fossil Ridge High Thermal 0.2 x 8 Design (LEED) Silver and Colorado, Fort [17] School Storage, Ice received an ENERGY STAR Collins Rating of 94. In the school year (July 1, 2010 - June 30, 2011) FRHS performed at 6.6 kWh/SF/Yr. and 41.1 kBtu/SF/Yr. (natural gas and electric). [see separate article for further info] RedFlow has supplied 40 energy storage systems for the SGSC Project, that have been grid-feeding since early 2012. Battery, Zinc Australia, New Smart Grid, Smart Each system contains a RedFlow Bromine 0.2 x 2 South Wales, [17] City (40 systems) 5 kW, 10 kWh zinc-bromide Redox Flow Newcastle battery, resulting in a total 200 kW and 400 kWh of storage. The Smart Grid, Smart City
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates program is an Australian Federal Government Initiative. This project is testing smart grid technology in an urban setting. Smart Grid, Smart City creates a testing ground for new energy supply technologies. At least 30,000 households will participate in the project over three years. The demonstration project gathers information about the benefits and costs of different smart grid technologies in an Australian setting. El Capitan was named LA BOMA Building of the Year in 1999. It is across from the Kodak Theatre on Hollywood's "Walk of Fame". A chiller and series of energy storage tanks are on the roof of the building and meet all of the cooling load during the peak times of the utility. The installation was part of a major United States, Thermal retrofit project in 1997 and 1998. El Capitan 0.150 x 6 California, Los [17] Storage, Ice It yielded a 25 percent reduction Angeles in annual energy costs, saving the building management approximately $23,000 in utility costs each year. Additionally, building management has incrementally increased the number of hours the building relies on for energy storage, stabilizing energy costs as new tenants move into the building. In October 2011, the Fujian Electric Power Research Institute began plans to develop a mobile energy storage prototype project consisting of (I) two sets of 125 kW, 250 kWh battery Fujian Electric systems and (II) one 125 kW, 375 Power Research Battery, kWh hour battery system. This China, Fujian, Institute Mobile Lithium Iron 0.125 x 3 [17] energy storage unit will provide Anxi Energy Storage Phosphate peak electricity for 10 to 15 Station II commercial electricity consumers in the tea production industry. When Anxi is not producing tea, the system is moved to Fuan to meet peak electricity demands for the processing of white tea. Green Charge Green Charge Networks' Networks Lithium GreenStation demonstration United States, Battery, Ion Distributed 0.1 x 1.67 consists of a Lithium Ion storage New York, [17] Lithium Ion Energy Storage unit, a system controller, Queens System at Avis twenty-one Level 2 electric
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates vehicle chargers, and a rooftop PV array. The GreenStation ensures that Avis has enough capacity to charge 21 EVs simultaneously, performs peak mitigation in the main building, and avoids utility service upgrades. The system is tied to a network operations center where loads are monitored and controlled in real time. The project is supported by a DOE Smart Grid Demonstration Grant. RedFlow supplied 20 systems to the SGSC project in Scone. Each system contains a RedFlow 5 kW, 10 kWh zinc-bromide battery, resulting in a total 100 kW and 200 kWh of storage. The Smart Grid, Smart City program is an Australian Federal Government initiative. This project is testing Battery, Zinc Australia, New Smart Grid, Smart smart grid technology in a rural Bromine 0.1 x 2 South Wales, [17] City (20 systems) setting. Smart Grid, Smart City Redox Flow Scone creates a testing ground for new energy supply technologies. At least 30,000 households will participate in the project over three years. The demonstration project gathers information about the benefits and costs of different smart grid technologies in an Australian setting. Ice Storage is charged at night using low cost electricity with a United States, smaller right-sized air cooled Pennsylvania, St. Kilian Parish Thermal chiller. The stored cooling can 0.1 x 6 Butler County, [17] and School Storage, Ice then be discharged when cooling Cranberry loads are high, electric demand is Township high, or in response to a demand response event. The Tres Amigas Interconnection will connect the three major power grids in the US, allowing Battery, energy to be sold across the US United States, Tres Amigas Advanced 0.1 x 2 for the first time. An energy New Mexico, [17][45][46] SuperStation Lead Acid storage system (TBD) will Clovis provide regulation services for this complex facility. [see separate article for further info] RedFlow's M90 energy storage system has been fully operational Battery, Zinc since 2 July 2012, installed at the Australia, University of Bromine 0.09 x 2 University of Queensland and Queensland, [17] Queensland M90 Redox Flow connected to one of the Brisbane University's 340 kW solar arrays.
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates The M90 is rated at 90 kW, 240 kWh and houses 24 of RedFlow's ZBMs in a 6.1 metres (20 ft) shipping container. [see separate article for further info] A nominal 50-kWh bank of LI batteries packaged with a 75-kW inverter and open DR dispatch protocol is installed at a mall in downtown Port Angeles, WA. The Battery, storage bank can be charged or United States, Landing Mall DR Lithium Iron 0.075 x 0.53 discharged via a remote signal by Washington, [17] Phosphate the local utility as a means for Port Angeles load shaping and Rapid Demand Response. The mall can also use the storage bank to peak shave when the storage is not used by the utility. Goldisthal Pumped Storage Station is a pumped-storage power station in the Thüringer Mountains at the upper run of the Pumped river Schwarza in Goldisthal, Germany, Goldisthal Pumped Hydro Germany. It was constructed Sonneberg, 1,060 x 8 [47][48] Storage Station Storage, between 1997 and 2004. It has an Thuringia, Closed Loop installed capacity of 1,060 MW, Goldisthal the largest hydroelectric power plant in Germany and one of largest in Europe. [see separate article for further info] Green Charge Networks' GreenStation demonstration consists of a Lithium Ion storage unit, a system controller, two Level 2 electric vehicle chargers, Green Charge and a rooftop PV array. Primary Networks Lithium benefits include peak shaving and United States, Battery, Ion Distributed 0.05 x 3 demand charge avoidance. The New York, [17] Lithium Ion Energy Storage system is tied to a network Queens System at 7-Eleven operations center where loads are monitored and controlled in real-time. The project is supported by a U.S. Department of Energy Smart Grid Demonstration Grant. The battery unit is one of several that are being tested by EPRI at its Power Delivery & Utilization Greensmith- (PDU) Lab in Knoxville, TN. The International Battery, system, along with the other United States, Battery Li-ion Lithium Iron 0.05 x 1.67 Distributed Energy Storage Tennessee, [17] Energy Storage Phosphate Systems (DESS's), was installed in Knoxville System early/mid-2011 and has since Demonstration been operating under various stages of testing against EPRI’s DESS test protocol.
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates The battery unit is one of several that are being tested by EPRI at its Power Delivery & Utilization (PDU) Lab in Knoxville, TN. The BYD Li-ion Battery, system, along with the other United States, Energy Storage Lithium Iron 0.05 x 0.92 Distributed Energy Storage Tennessee, [17] System Phosphate Systems (DESS's), ws installed in Knoxville Demonstration early/mid-2011 and has since been operating under various stages of testing against EPRI’s DESS test protocol. As part of an EPRI collaborative research and development (R&D) project to evaluate the performance and reliability of a variety of grid-connected Li-ion battery technologies, San Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E) installed a 50 kW / 82 kWh Greensmith lithium- iron-phosphate distributed energy storage system (DESS) at the utility’s test facility. For this overarching collaborative demonstration, EPRI’s Energy Storage Program (P94) and SDG&E- Distributed Renewables Program Greensmith Li-ion (P174) are working in partnership United States, Battery, Energy Storage 0.05 x 1.67 with select utility members to California, San [17] Lithium Ion System investigate PV-battery integration Diego Demonstration capabilities. Serving as a “host” utility to EPRI’s supplemental demonstration initiative, SDG&E installed a Greensmith DESS in a grid-connected configuration in June 2011 and has been conducting operating evaluations of the unit over the past 6 months. Testing and operating evaluation conducted by SDG&E encompasses exercising the DESS’s various modes of operation, which include: - Constant power charge/discharge schedule; - Peak shaving; and - PV smoothing. The battery unit is one of several that are being tested by EPRI at its Power Delivery & Utilization (PDU) Lab in Knoxville, TN. The Greensmith-Boston Battery, system, along with the other United States, Power Li-ion Lithium Iron 0.025 x 0.5 Distributed Energy Storage Tennessee, [17] Energy Storage Phosphate Systems (DESS's), was installed in Knoxville System early/mid-2011 and has since been operating under various stages of testing against EPRI’s DESS test protocol.
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates The battery unit is one of several that are being tested by EPRI at its Power Delivery & Utilization Beckett Energy (PDU) Lab in Knoxville, TN. The Systems Li-ion Battery, system, along with the other United States, Energy Storage Lithium Iron 0.025 x 0.5 Distributed Energy Storage Tennessee, [17] System Phosphate Systems (DESS's), was installed in Knoxville Demonstration early-mid-2011 and has since been operating under various stages of testing against EPRI’s DESS test protocol. The battery unit is one of several that are being tested by EPRI at its Power Delivery & Utilization (PDU) Lab in Knoxville, TN. The NEC Li-ion Energy Battery, system, along with the other United States, Storage System Lithium Iron 0.025 x 1.92 Distributed Energy Storage Tennessee, [17] Demonstration Phosphate Systems (DESS's), was installed in Knoxville early/mid-2011 and has since been operating under various stages of testing against EPRI’s DESS test protocol. This system had been installed around 1997. When the grid went down a few years ago across the northeastern US, the system owner found out that his battery no longer held any charge. He left the system disconnected until Iron Edison - Battery, United States, 2012 when he contacted Iron 400Ah 48V Nickel Nickel Iron 0.02 x 10 Connecticut, [17] Edison (http://ironedison.com/) to Iron w/ Trace (NiFe) Danbury get a new battery for an old Trace inverter. This system features a 400 Ah 48V Nickel Iron battery sitting atop a custom-fit battery rack. It is an off-grid system supplementing on-site renewable generation. This 700Ah 24V Nickel Iron battery is powered by 2.8 kW of solar panels. This system utilizes United States, Iron Edison - Battery, the Apollo Solar Pre-wired Panel Utah, 700Ah 24V Nickel Nickel Iron 0.017 x 10 (PWP) with a 3,200 Watt pure [17] Montezuma Iron PWP (NiFe) sine wave inverter, and dual 80 Canyon amp Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) charge controllers In June 2012, Aquion Energy completed the testing and demonstration requirements for Sodium-Ion Battery, the Department of Energy grant Battery for United States, Aqueous program with its low cost, Grid-level 0.014 x 4 Pennsylvania, [17] Hybrid Ion grid-scale, ambient temperature Applications Pittsburgh (AHI) Aqueous Hybrid Ion (AHI) Demonstration energy storage device. The chemistry in this device uses an
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates electrochemical couple that combines a high capacity carbon anode with a sodium intercalation cathode capable of thousands of deep discharge cycles over extended periods of time. Aquion's AHI technology uses thicker electrodes, less expensive separator and current collector materials, and benign materials for electrodes and the electrolyte. The testing successfully demonstrated a grid-connected, high voltage (over 1,000 V.), 13.5 kWh system with a 4-hour discharge.... Advanced system modeling will demonstrate application-level testing and the functionality of the unit with respect to its ability to respond to external control signals and properly interact with electric grid in carrying out relevant sequences. The scheme provides for up to 27.6 GWh of electricity storage in the form of 27,000,000 cubic metres (950,000,000 cu ft) of South Africa, Pumped water. The water is pumped to Drakensberg Free State & Hydro Driekloof during times of low Pumped Storage 1,000 x 27? KwaZulu- [49] Storage, national power consumption and Scheme Natal, Closed-Loop released back into Kilburn Drakensberg through four 250 MW turbine generators in times of high electricity demand. [see separate article for further info] Amber Kinetics is developing a flywheel system from sub-scale research prototype to full-scale mechanical flywheel battery and will conduct both a commercial-scale and a utility-scale demonstration. The goal is to deliver a cost-effective prototype flywheel system that Amber Kinetics can be grid connected and United States, Flywheel Energy Flywheel 0.01 x 1.0 electrically charged and California, [17] Storage discharged. Fremont Demonstration The system will have built-in sensing components that can determine frequency and voltage characteristics of the grid and can override the grid signal to manage the amount of electricity discharged. The flywheel stores energy in a spinning rotor that is connected to an electric motor
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. To recover the energy the motor is electrically reversed and used as a generator to slow down the flywheel converting the mechanical energy back into electrical energy. Amber Kinetics will improve the traditional flywheel system by engineering breakthroughs in three areas, resulting in higher efficiency and radically reduced cost: magnetic bearings, low-cost rotor, and high-efficiency motor generator. This technology can also be used to optimize existing infrastructure/pdfs This is a cluster of free standing Battery, South Africa, microgrids, with solar, wind, and Thabakgolo Manganese 0.02 x 24 Limpopo, [22] diesel inputs - the villages of the Cobalt Steelpoort Drakensberg Escarpment This was the first MW-Scale NAS application outside Japan, installed by American Electric Power to provide peak-shaving and transmission upgrade deferral benefits. This kind of system is particularly well-suited to transmission upgrade deferral because it can be moved to where it is needed most at any given Battery, time, unlike conventional United States, Charleston Energy Sodium- 1.0 x 6 transmission upgrade solutions. West Virginia, [22] Storage Project Sulfur DOE/Sandia provided partial Charleston sponsorship, covering non-repeat expenses. Over the short term, the purpose of the Charleston Energy Storage Project is to mitigate current local capacity constraints and service reliability issues. The long term objective is to bring AEP one step closer to its vision of a storage-buffered grid of the future. The John W. Keys III Pump-Generating Plant pumps water uphill 280 feet from Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake to Pumped Banks Lake. The John W. Keys III United States, Hydro pump-generating plant began Pump-Generating 300 x 80 Washington, [17] Storage, operation in 1951. From 1951 to Plant Grand Coulee Open Loop 1953, six pumping units, each rated at 65,000 horsepower and with a capacity to pump 1,600 cubic feet per second, were installed in the plant. In the early
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates 1960s, investigations revealed the potential for power generation. Reversible pumps were installed to allow water from Banks Lake to flow back through the units to generate power during periods of peak demand. The first three generating pumps came online in 1973. Two more generating pumps were installed in 1983; the final generating pump was installed in January 1984. The total generating capacity of the plant is now 314,000 kilowatts. Duke has arranged 12 batteries manufactured by the Italian company FIAMM for use in Battery, series in hybrid electric buses to United States, Rankin Substation Sodium make a 402-kilowatt battery. It is North Energy Storage 0.402 x 0.7 [22] Nickel used to smooth out large minute- Carolina, Project Chloride by-minute spikes and troughs in Mount Holly production from the 1.2-megawatt rooftop solar project Duke operates about a mile away. The pumping forebay, which is separated from the main reservoir by a dam located downstream from the Castaic Power Plant, functions in connection with the pumped storage operations of the plant. This assures the availability of at least 10,000 acre feet (12,000,000 m3) of water which can be pumped back to Pyramid Lake by the use of off peak energy when economical to do so. The pumping function at Castaic hydroelectric plant provides additional water for power Pumped generation beyond the supply of United States, Castaic Pumped- Hydro 1,247 x 10 water available from the flow of California, [22] Storage Plant Storage, the State Aqueduct. The City of Pyramid Lake Open Loop Los Angeles has need for capacity to meet its peak requirements ranging from 3 to 6 hours per day in the winter to 6 to 10 hours per day in summer, depending upon climatic conditions. The water which normally flows through the West Branch of the State Aqueduct during off peak periods, is stored in the higher level Pyramid Lake. If the need exists for power for longer than normal peak demand periods, extra water can be pumped back to Pyramid Lake
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates from Elderberry Lake to extend the peaking period. EnStorage developed a cost effective flow battery based on proprietary hydrogen bromine technology. EnStorage connected its first technology demonstrator Battery, EnStorage to the grid with a net-metering Hydrogen Israel, Negev, Technology 0.05 x 2 agreement and are further [22] Bromine Dimona Demonstrator commercializing its system. The Redox Flow commercial system will have power rating of 150 KW with 6 hours of storage (900 kW/h) within a standard 40 feet (12 m) shipping container. The University of California, San Diego, will host the installation and testing of a six ZBB Enerstore systems installed as single energy storage system to UC San Diego ZBB United States, Battery, demonstrate the benefits of / Sunpower Energy 0.1 x 3 California, San [22] Lithium Ion demand reduction utilizing power Storage CSI 2 Diego from a nearby PV array. This project is being funded by the California Solar Initiative (CSI) by the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC). This project will be located at a substation near the Vaca Dixon PG&E Vaca Battery, Solar Plant of Vacaville, CA It's a United States, Battery Energy Sodium- 2.0 x 7 2-MW–14 MWh installation that California, [22] Storage Pilot Sulfur will address load shaping, Vacaville Project renewables integration, and ancillary services. Altairnano (ALTI) was awarded a firm contract with the Hawai'i Natural Energy Institute (HNEI) of the University of Hawaii at Manoa to supply a 1 MW ALTI-ESS energy storage system for a test of solar energy integration. The contract requires Altairnano to build, ship, install and commission its ALTI-ESS Altairnano Hawaii Battery, advanced energy storage system, United States, Solar Integration Lithium-ion 1.0 x 1 and provide technical support and [22] Hawaii, Oahu Project Titanate system monitoring and reporting over a period of three years. The research project, funded through a grant from the Office of Naval Research, is designed to test the performance characteristics of the battery system and to demonstrate the effectiveness of battery storage technology to enable integration of solar energy
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates into an electric grid. Hawaiian Electric Company plans to install the energy storage system at one of its utility sites on the island of Oahu in early 2014. HECO's grid is experiencing a rapid increase in residential and commercial solar installations. The San Luis Pump-Generating Plant pumps Central Valley Project water for offstream storage. This joint Federal-State facility, located at San Luis Dam, lifts water by pump turbines from the O`Neill forebay into the San Luis Reservoir. During the irrigation season, water is released from San Luis Reservoir back San Luis (William Pumped through the pump-turbines to the United States, R. Gianelli) Hydro forebay and energy is reclaimed. California, Pumped Storage 424 x 298 [22] Storage, Each of the eight pumping- Merced Hydroelectric Open Loop generating Francis Turbines has a County Powerplant capacity of 63,000 horsepower (47,000 kW) as a motor and 53,000 kilowatts as a generator. As a pumping station to fill San Luis Reservoir, each unit lifts 1,375 cubic feet per second at 290 feet total head. As a generating plant, each unit passes 1,640 cubic feet per second at the same head. The Eastwood Pumped Storage facility is part of the Big Creek Hydroelectric Project, which consists of 9 powerplants generating at a combined 1,000 MW. The Eastwood plant operates as a reservoir storage facility with the benefit of Pumped Big Creek (John S. pumpback. The Balsam Meadows United States, Hydro Eastwood) Pumped 200 x 17.7 Hydroelectric Project includes a California, [22] Storage, Storage 5,900-foot diversion tunnel Shaver Lake Open Loop connecting the existing Huntington-Pitman-Shaver Conduit, a 4,320-foot power tunnel, and a 7,500-foot tailrace tunnel with a 16-foot horseshoe section leading to Shaver Lake. [see separate article for further info] The purpose of the Marshall Energy Storage System is to United States, Marshall Steam Battery, utilize energy generated from an North Station Energy 0.25 x 3 [22] Lithium Ion adjacent 1.0 MW solar PV system Carolina, Storage Project to perform diurnal peak shaving Sherrills Ford for the upstream distribution
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates substation. System Components include: -800 kWh, 250 kW Superior Lithium Polymer battery (Exergonix) -1.0 MVA Inverter/Storage Management System (S&C). -Interconnection to 12.47 kV medium voltage circuit -Located adjacent to a 1.0 MW solar facility. A key research goal of that project is to quantify efficiency impacts associated with storing the electricity for shorter or longer periods. The Lake Elsinore Advanced Pumped Storage (LEAPS) project is a 500 MW generation with a 600 MW load advanced pumped Pumped storage facility. The LEAPS Lake Elsinore United States, Hydro project was licensed by Federal Advanced Pumped 500 x 12 California, [22] Storage, Energy Regulatory Commission Storage Lake Elsinore Closed Loop (FERC) in Docket P–11858, and is now under limited additional review in FERC Docket P–14227. [see separate article for further info] A Smart Energy 25 (Gen 4) flywheel energy storage system was installed at Tehachapi in March 2010 by Beacon Power. The system is part of a wind power–flywheel demonstration project being carried out for the Beacon Power United States, California Energy Commission. Tehachapi Flywheel 0.1 x 0.25 California, [22] The primary goal of the project is Flywheel Project Tehachapi to demonstrate that advanced control technology with energy storage can help expand the delivery of wind energy by effectively increasing the capacity of constrained transmission facilities in the area. Kansas City Power and Light Company (KCP&L) and its partners are demonstrating an end-to-end SmartGrid built Kansas City Power around a major SmartSubstation & Light Green United States, Battery, with a local distributed control Impact Zone Smart 1.0 x 1 Missouri, [22] Lithium Ion system based on IEC 61850 Grid Kansas City protocols and control processors. Demonstration KCP&L is implementing a 1 MW with a 1 MWh Li-ion battery system from Dow Kokam as part of this initiative. Saft's substation is located in the Saft Enel Battery, Puglia region of Italy, an area Italy, Apulia, Substation Energy 1.0 x 0.5 [22] Lithium Ion with a high level of variable and Foggia Storage Project
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates intermittent power from renewable energy sources that can cause reverse power flows on the high/medium voltage transformers. The role of Saft’s batteries in the energy storage system is to reduce the variability of power flow as well as allowing for more controllable energy exchange between the substation and the Italian national grid. Located in rock in the left abutment near the axis of Oroville Dam, Edward Hyatt Powerplant Pumped Edward Hyatt is an underground, hydroelectric, United States, Hydro (Oroville) Power 819 x ? pumping-generating facility. California, [22] Storage, Plant Construction of the plant began in Oroville Open Loop 1964 and was completed in 1969. [see separate article for further info] Water released for power in excess of local and downstream requirements is conserved by pumpback operation during off-peak hours through both Pumped Thermalito power plants into Lake Oroville United States, Hydro Pumping - 120 x ? to be subsequently released for California, [22] Storage, Generating Plant power generation during periods Oroville Open Loop of peak power demand. Construction on the plant began in 1964 and was completed in 1969, with operations starting in 1968. Mt. Elbert began operations in 1981. The Mt. Elbert Pumped- Storage Powerplant is an all-concrete structure equivalent to a 14-story building. Most of the structure is below ground. Water from the Forebay above drops Pumped through two penstocks 445 feet to United States, Mount Elbert Hydro 200 x 12 the powerplant where two Colorado, [22] Power Plant Storage, turbine-generators develop Lake County Open Loop 200,000 kilowatts of electrical power. Mt. Elbert's two units are also designed to operate as a 170,000-horsepower electric motor to drive the turbines in reverse and pump the same water back up to the forebay. In 1969, SRP initiated its Hydroelectric Expansion and Pumped United States, Horse Mesa Frequency Unification (HEFU) Hydro Arizona, Tonto Pumped Hydro 97 x ? program to increase hydroelectric [22] Storage, National Storage generating capacity at facilities on Open Loop Forest the Salt River. The Horse Mesa
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates dam has three conventional hydroelectric generating units rated at a total of 32,000 kW, and a pumped storage unit rated at 97,000 kW added in 1972. Raccoon Mountain Pumped- Storage Plant is now Tennessee Valley Authority's largest hydro facility, with a rated output of Pumped United States, Raccoon Mountain more than 1,600 MW. The Hydro Tennessee, Pumped Storage 1,652 x 22 528-acre reservoir at the top of [22] Storage, Cumberland Plant Raccoon Mountain holds about Open Loop Plateau 60 million cubic yards of water behind a dam that is 8,500 feet long and 230 feet high. [see separate article for further info] The Niagara project, located about 4.5 miles (7.2 km) miles downstream from the Falls, consists of two main facilities: the Robert Moses Niagara Power Plant, with 13 turbines, and the Lewiston Pump-Generating Plant, with 12 pump-turbines. In between the two plants is a forebay capable of holding about Pumped Lewiston 740 million gallons of water; United States, Hydro Pump-Generating 240 x ? behind the Lewiston plant, a New York, [22] Storage, Plant 1,900 acres (770 ha) reservoir Lewiston Open Loop holds additional supplies of water. Water is diverted from the Niagara River—up to 375,000 U.S. gallons a second. On average, more than 200,000 cubic feet per second (cfs), or 1.5 million gallons of water a second, flow from Lake Erie into the Niagara River. [see separate article for further info] Located in Northfield, Massachusetts, approximately five and one-half miles up the Connecticut River from Turners Falls Dam, the 1,080 megawatt plant is entirely underground and does not depend upon the natural Northfield Pumped flow of the river for operation. Mountain Pumped United States, Hydro The 20-mile stretch of the Storage 1080 x ? Massachusetts, [22] Storage, Connecticut River, extending Hydroelectricity Northfield Open Loop from the dam at Turners Falls Facility north to the Vernon Dam in Vermont, serves as the station's lower reservoir. The man-made 300-acre upper reservoir, 800 feet above the river, is capable of storing 5.6 billion gallons of water. The underground
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates powerhouse includes four large reversible turbines, each capable of pumping 27,000 gallons of water per second and generating 270,000 kilowatts of electricity. The powerhouse is accessible through a 2,500-foot-long tunnel. Seven hundred feet below the surface, the cavern is longer than a football field and higher than a ten-story building. [see separate article for further info] The 8-unit power station provides 1,070 megawatts (MW) of electricity by damming the Muddy Run ravine from its Pumped mouth. Muddy Run has provided United States, Muddy Run Hydro electric power to the regional Pennsylvania, Pumped Hydro 1070 x ? [22] Storage, transmission system since West Storage Open Loop commercial operation began in Holtwood 1966. At the time, it was the largest pumped-storage hydroelectric power plant in the world. 1,065-megawatt pumped-storage facility located in Oconee County, eight miles north of Salem, S.C. The four-unit station began United States, Pumped generating electricity in 1991, and South Bad Creek Pumped Hydro 1065 x ? is the largest hydroelectric station Carolina, [22] Hydro Storage Storage, on the Duke Energy system. The Oconee Open Loop Bad Creek facility utilizes two County reservoirs (or lakes) to generate electricity: an upper reservoir and a lower reservoir The four-unit Jocassee United States, Pumped Hydroelectric Station is a South Jocassee Pumped Hydro 710 x ? 710-megawatt pumped-storage Carolina, [22] Hydro Storage Storage, generating facility located in Pickens Open Loop Pickens County, S.C. County Pumped Bear Swamp United States, Hydro [see article]. [see separate article Hydroelectric 600 x 6 Massachusetts, [22] Storage, for further info] " Power Station Rowe Open Loop The Fairfield Pumped Storage Facility utilizes four earthen dams Pumped and four penstocks that lead from United States, Fairfield Pumped Hydro the intake structure on the South 511 x 7 [22] Storage Storage, Monticello Reservoir to the Carolina, Open Loop powerhouse. It is primarily used Jenkinsville for peaking, reserve generation, and off-peak power usage. Pumped The Yards Creek Pumped Storage United States, Yards Creek Hydro Facility is located in Blairstown 400 x 6 New Jersey, [22] Pumped Storage Storage, Township, New Jersey. Water is Blairstown Open Loop conveyed between the plant &
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates the Upper Reservoir via an 18’ diameter 1,800’ long exposed steel pipe. At full station load, approx. 4 million gpm (9,000 cfs) of water are released . The storage facility provides energy regulation and spinning reserve during on-peak hours, and it provides an energy sink off-peak to allow fossil and nuclear plants to remain more fully loaded. Pumped United States, Seneca Pumped Hydro Pennsylvania, Storage Generating 440 x ? [see article] [22] Storage, Mead Station Open Loop Township Operated by the AmerenUE electric company from a reservoir Taum Sauk Pumped United States, on top of Proffit Mountain into a Hydroelectric Hydro 440 x 8 Missouri, [22] lower reservoir on the East Fork Power Station Storage Lesterville of the Black River [see separate article for further info] . Pumped United States, Richard B. Russell Hydro [see separate article for further Georgia, 300 x ? [22] Pumped Storage Storage, info] Richard B. Open Loop Russell Lake Cabin Creek is a pumped storage Pumped plant with a lower and upper United States, Cabin Creek Hydro 324 x 4 reservoir. During periods of peak Colorado, [22] Generating Station Storage, electricity demand on Xcel Georgetown Open Loop Energy’s Colorado system. Pumped United States, Salina Pumped Hydro 260 x ? [see article] Oklahoma, [22] Storage Project Storage, Salina Open Loop Pumped United States, Carters Dam Hydro 250 x ? [see article] Georgia, [22] Pumped Storage Storage, Chatsworth Open Loop United States, Smith Mountain Pumped Virginia, Smith Pumped Storage Hydro 560 x ? [see article] [22] Mountain Project Storage Lake Pumped In 1979 Lake Oconee was created United States, Wallace Dam Hydro with the completion of Wallace 208 x ? Georgia, [22] Pumped Storage Storage, Dam, which is a pumped-storage Milledgeville Open Loop reservoir for Lake Sinclair. Pumped United States, Clarence Cannon Hydro Missouri, Dam Pumped 58 x ? [see article] [22] Storage, Mark Twain Storage Open Loop Lake Pumped The dam, built between 1923–25, United States, Mormon Flat Hydro is 224 feet high and 380 feet long. Arizona, Tonto Pumped Hydro 50 x ? [22] Storage, Two hydroelectric generating National Storage Open Loop units are at the dam; one is a Forest
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates conventional unit rated at 10,000 kW; the other is a pumped storage unit built in 1971 and rated at 50,000 kW. The pumped storage unit permits recycling of water for hydroelectric production and keeps lake levels relatively constant. [see separate article for further info] Pumped United States, New Wadell Dam Hydro Arizona, Pumped Hydro 45 x ? [see article] [22] Storage, Maricopa Storage Open Loop County The dam at DeGray Lake houses a 28 MW pump-turbine and is Pumped DeGray Lake owned by the US Army Corps. of United States, Hydro Pumped Hydro 28 x ? Engineers. Electrical power from Arkansas, [22] Storage, Storage this facility is sold to Southwest DeGray Lake Open Loop Power Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy. Pumped United States, Blenheim-Gilboa Hydro New York, Pumped Storage 1,160 x ? [see article] [22] Storage, North Power Project Open Loop Blenheim Samsung SDI, an affiliate of Samsung Group, and Xtreme Power announced that they have been selected by the Center for the Commercialization of Electric Technologies (CCET) to install a 1 MW - 1 MWh Lithium Ion based Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) system at the CCET Technology United States, Battery, Reese Technology Center in Solutions for Wind 1.0 x 1 Texas, [22] Lithium Ion Lubbock, Texas as part of a Smart Integration Lubbock Grid Demonstration Project (SGDP). The $27 million demonstration project will be connected to SPEC's distribution grid at the Reese Technology Center as part of an ongoing wind technology program managed by GroupNIRE and Texas Tech University. The project will address the research, development, and demonstration of a coordinated and integrated system of 3.5 MW City of Fort Collins of mixed distributed to achieve a Utilities Four Cities United States, Thermal 20-30 percent peak load Smart Grid 0.227 x ? Colorado, Fort [22] Storage, Ice reduction on two distribution Development feeders. Site 1: New Belgium: a Collins Project 135-kW new thermal storage; and a 160-kW load shedding potentials. Site 2: a 92-kW thermal storage; Site 3: Colorado
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates State University - deploys an 80-kW thermal storage. The SDG&E microgrid project involves integration of five technologies, including distributed energy resources (DER) and VAR Battery, management, feeder automation SDG&E Borrego United States, Lithium system technologies (FAST), Springs Microgrid California, Nickel 0.5 x 3 advanced energy storage, an [22] Demonstration Borrego Cobalt outage/distribution management Project Springs Aluminum system, and price-driven load management. SDG&E installed a 1.5 MWh Li-ion battery energy storage system at the Borrego Springs Substation in June 2012. The SDG&E microgrid project integrates a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) component - focused on utility-side applications, and a California Energy Commission (CEC) portion, which focuses on customer-side applications. Goals Borrego Springs United States, Battery, of the DOE portion include Microgrid California, Lithium 0.075 x 2 achieving a greater than 15 [22] Demonstration Borrego Polymer percent reduction in feeder peak Projec Springs load, exploring microgrid islanding, and improving system reliability. Borrego Substation, with a peak load of over 10 MW. SDG&E has installed two 25 kW/50 kWh Li-ion batteries and one 25 kW/25 kWh Li-ion battery on Circuit 170 at 12 kV. An advanced energy storage system will be installed at the Maui Electric Company University of substation in Wailea as part of the Hawaii Smart Grid Maui Smart Grid Project. The United States, Regional and Battery, 1.0 x 1 Grid Battery System is being Hawaii, [22] Energy Storage Lithium Ion provided by A123 Systems, Wailea Demonstration designed to deliver one megawatt Project of power for a full hour, reducing the peak energy load on the substation’s transformers. The Super Circuit microgrid installation — a 160-kilowatt Allegheny Power natural gas generator, a United States, RDSI Battery, 0.024 x 2 40-kilowatt solar array and three West Virginia, [22] Demonstration Lithium Ion lithium-ion batteries that can put Morgantown Project out a total of 24 kilowatts of power for two hours. Pumped The O`Neill Pump-Generating United States, Hydro Plant pumps Central Valley O'Neill Powerplant 25.2 x ? California, Los [22] Storage, Project water for offstream Banos Open Loop storage. The O`Neill
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates Pump-Generating Plant consists of an intake channel leading off the Delta-Mendota Canal and six pump-generating units. Normally these units operate as pumps to lift water from 45 to 53 feet into the O`Neill Forebay. Each unit can discharge 700 cubic feet per second and has a rating of 6,000 horse-power, with generating capacity of about 4,200 kilowatts. The Flatiron Powerplant discharges into Flatiron Reservoir, which regulates the water for release to the foothills storage and distribution system. The afterbay storage in Flatiron Reservoir and Pumped the forebay storage in Pinewood United States, Flatiron Hydro 8.5 x ? Lake enable Flatiron Powerplant Colorado, [22] Powerplant Storage, to meet daily power loads. The Loveland Open Loop Flatiron reversible pump (Unit 3) lifts water from Flatiron Reservoir, a maximum of 297 feet (91 m), and delivers it through Carter Lake pressure conduit and tunnel to Carter Lake. Duke Energy's Smart Grid Demonstration activities include work in the Envision Energy pilot in Charlotte, North Carolina. The Envision Energy project consists of two substation scale energy storage installations, a one MW solar installation, two community Battery, United States, energy storage locations, McAlpine Circuit Sodium North 0.024 x 1 communication nodes, [22] CES System Nickel Carolina, distribution devices, metering, Chloride Charlotte home energy management systems, residential PV, intelligent EVSE and plug-in vehicles. The Purpose of CES Systems is to perform transformer-level peak shaving by integrating with residential level distributed resources and loads First operated in 1929, the Rocky River Plant had two reversible pumps. With Candlewood Lake and the Housatonic River Pumped differing in elevation by 200 feet Rocky River United States, Hydro (61 m), the Rocky River plant Pumped Storage 29 x ? Connecticut, [22] Storage, uses a single penstock, 1,000 feet Plant New Milford Open Loop (300 m) long, to carry water downhill and lift it uphill. The Rocky River plant's pair of 8,100- horsepower pumps together are capable of lifting a million gallons
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates every four minutes. For every kilowatt-hour used to pump water, the three plants together can generate 1.3 kilowatt-hours. [see separate article for further info] Project Barbados went online in November 2008 as the first Li-ion United States, Project Barbados Battery, 2.0 x ? battery system connected to the Pennsylvania, [22] Commercial Pilot Lithium Ion power grid for commercial Norristown services. Since July 2011, UCSD has UC San Diego served as the site host to a United States, Battery, Panasonic / Sanyo 0.03 x 1 30 kW/30 kWh PV integrated California, San [22] Lithium Ion Energy System storage system from Diego Panasonic/Sanyo. Ultralife Corporation has been awarded a total of $3 million by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) and the New York Power Authority (NYPA), to support a wind Ultralife SUNY United States, Battery, turbine demonstration project Canton Wind 0.5 x 4 New York, [22] Lithium Ion planned for installation on the Integration Demo Canton campus of the State University of New York at Canton (SUNY Canton) with an advanced 2 megawatt-hour Lithium Ion Battery energy storage at a rate of up to 500 kilowatts for up to four hours This project includes the installation of a 25 MW / 14 mWh Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) in the Anchorage area. This device will add stability to the system and provide a Anchorage Area United States, Battery, measure of “spin” to facilitate Battery Energy 25 x 0.6 Alaska, [22] Lithium Ion spooling-up alternative generation Storage System Anchorage in the event of an outage, part of Alaska Railbelt Cooperative Transmission and Electric Company's (ARCTEC) Unconstrain Bradley Lake Hydroelectric Project. AEP’s 2-MW units were deployed in 2008, and are capable of providing islanding (backup Milton NaS Battery Battery, power) for over seven hours when United States, Energy Storage Sodium- 2.0 x 7.2 loss of utility power from the West Virginia, [22] System Sulfur substation occurs. Source: Milton ""Energy Storage and Project Demos"" Electric Power Energy Research (EPRI)
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Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates AEP’s 2-MW units were deployed in 2008, and are capable Churubusco NaS Battery, United States, of providing islanding (backup Battery Energy Sodium- 2.0 x 7.2 Indiana, [22] power) for over seven hours when Storage System Sulfur Churubusco loss of utility power from the substation occurs. American Electric Power in Ohio (AEP Ohio) has 2-MW units Bluffton NaS Battery, which were deployed in 2008, United States, Energy Storage Sodium- 2.0 x 7.2 and are capable of providing [22] Ohio, Bluffton System Sulfur islanding (backup power) for over seven hours when loss of utility power from a substation occurs. Public Service Company of New Mexico and its partners will co-locate a 1.0 MWh advanced lead acid battery (that integrates an Advanced VRLA and Public Service UltraBattery technology) with a Company of New Battery, separately installed 500 kW solar Mexico PV Plus Lead Acid, United States, photovoltaic (PV) plant to create Battery for Valve 0.25 x 4 New Mexico, [22] a dispatchable distributed Simultaneous Regulated Albuquerque generation resource. The BESS Voltage Smoothing (VRLA) operates at 250 kW with a and Peak Shifting duration of 4 hours when performing energy time shift, and 500 kW with a duration of 15 minutes when performing voltage smoothing. Southern California Edison (SCE) and its partners will deploy advanced Smart Grid SG) technologies. The demonstration Irvine Smart Grid will be conducted in Irvine, United States, Demnstration: Battery 0.004 x 4 California and will include two California, [22] Residential Energy 12kV distribution circuits fed by Irvine Storage Units SCE’s MacArthur Substation, residential homes, and EV charging in a parking lot at the University of California, Irvine. Greensmith has provided HECO HECO–Greensmith Battery, United States, with a Lithium Ion BESS to Battery Energy Lithium Iron 0.005 x 4 Hawaii, [22] integrate a level 2 EV charging Storage System Phosphate Honolulu station with a nearby solar array. Alliant Techsystems's project will integrate an ambitious and highly diverse set of distributed Alliant resources. These include four heat Techsystems recovery systems for a total of Compressed United States, (ATK) Launch 1,400 kW. For storage, the project Air Storage, 0.08 x 0.75 Utah, [22] Systems includes up to 1,440 kW of Modular Promontory Demonstration pumped hydro capacity for Project two-to-four hours, and an above- ground compressed air energy storage (CAES) and generation system (80 kW capacity for
46 of 50 6/1/2013 11:21 AM List of energy storage projects - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_energy_storage_projects
Rated MW Country & Site Name Type Description Refs x hours location co-ordinates 30–60 minutes). Discovery at This project is slated to include up Spring Trails Battery, United States, 0.03 x 14 to 30 home installations, each [22] Residential Energy Lithium Ion Texas, Spring with a battery rated at 1 kW. Storage The BMW project is fully sponsored by BMW, and will consist of utilizing used mini-E UC San Diego electric vehicle batteries, and will United States, Battery, BMW Energy 0.108 x 2 have about 108 kW of power California, San [22] Lithium Ion Storage System capacity and 2–3 hours of energy Diego storage. The system will be integrated with PV solar and possibly fast EV DC charging. The University of California, San Diego has been approved for UC San Diego incentives from California’s United States, SGIP Energy Battery 5.0 x 2 Self-Generation Incentive California, San [22] Storage Project Program for the installation of Diego energy storage, to be integrated with PV renewable generation Eos Energy Storage and Consolidated Edison stated that the pilot, targeted to begin in early 2014, is a milestone in the scale-up and commercialization of Con Edison–Eos Battery, Zinc Eos’s core product, a 1 MW–6 United States, Energy Storage Hybrid 1.0 x 6 MWh grid-scale battery called the New York, [22] Distributed Energy Cathode Eos Aurora. The Aurora is backed New York Storage Pilot by Eos’s novel, low-cost and proprietary zinc hybrid cathode technology, which has a 75% round-trip efficiency rate and a 10,000-cycle/30-year lifetime. The project integrates one Canada, Electrochemical Battery, megawatt hour of stored energy British Energy Storage Manganese 1.0 x 1 [22] into a power grid that supports Columbia, Project Cobalt three major campus facilities. Vancouver Snohomish County Public Utility District (PUD) and 1Energy Modular Energy Systems will partner to develop a United States, Storage Battery, 1.0 x 1 one-megawatt battery energy Washington, [22] Architecture Lithium Ion storage system, built on the Everett Project Modular Energy Storage Architecture (MESA). In conjunction with Austin South Austin Energy, Ice Energy has completed Recreational the installation of an Ice Bear Thermal United States, Center Distributed 0.015 x 4.7 distributed energy storage project [22] Storage, Ice Texas, Austin Energy Storage at the South Austin Recreational Pilot Center, located in South-Central Austin.
See also
47 of 50 6/1/2013 11:21 AM List of energy storage projects - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_energy_storage_projects
Distributed generation Energy Energy density Energy Reduction Assets Energy Storage Challenge Grid energy storage Hybrid renewable energy system List of concentrating solar thermal power companies List of energy topics List of geothermal power stations List of pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations List of solar thermal power stations Lists of wind farms by country Power Transmission U.S. DoE International Energy Storage Database
Categories :
Category: Pumped storage power stations
References
This article contains text from the United States Department of Energy, DOE Energy Storage Database, a work in the public domain.
1. ^ Edwin Cartlidge (18 November 2011). "Saving for a rainy day". Science (Vol 334) . pp. 922–924. 2. ^ a b c d Packing Some Power: Energy Technology: Better ways of storing energy are needed if electricity systems are to become cleaner and more efficient (http://www.economist.com/node/21548495), The Economist , March 3, 2012. 3. ^ Downing, Louise. Ski Lifts Help Open $25 Billion Market for Storing Power (http://www.bloomberg.com/news/print/2012-08-27/ski-lifts- help-open-25-billion-market-for-storing-power-energy.html), Bloomberg News online, September 6, 2012 . 4. ^ Kernan, Aedan. Storing Energy on Rail Tracks (http://www.leonardo-energy.org/storing-energy-rail-tracks), Leonardo-Energy.org website, October 30, 2013. 5. ^ Markham, Derek. Using Trains and Gravity for Energy Storage (http://blacklemag.com/technology/using-trains-and-gravity-for-energy- storage/), BlackleMag.com website, April 3, 2013. 6. ^ "Andasol 1 Goes Into Operation" (http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2008/11/andasol-1-goes-into-operation- 54019). RenewableEnergyWorld.com. 2008-11-06. Retrieved 2009-02-21. 7. ^ Andasol: The World's Largest Solar Thermal Power Plant Project Development in Andalucia (Spain) (http://www.solarmillennium.de /upload/Download/Technologie/eng/Andasol1-3engl.pdf) (PDF). Solar Millennium. Archived (http://web.archive.org/web/20090222183058 /http://www.solarmillennium.de/upload/Download/Technologie/eng/Andasol1-3engl.pdf) from the original on 22 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-21. 8. ^ UK Power Networks. Smarter Network Storage (http://innovation.ukpowernetworks.co.uk/innovation/en/Projects/tier-2-projects/Smarter- Network-Storage-(SNS)/), UK Power Networks website. Retrieved November 29, 2013. 9. ^ Smarter Network Storage: Frequently asked questions (FAQs) (http://innovation.ukpowernetworks.co.uk/innovation/en/Projects/tier- 2-projects/Smarter-Network-Storage-%28SNS%29/Smarter%20Network%20Storage%20FAQs.pdf), UK Power Networks website, September 23, 2013. 10. ^ Hull, Dana. California poised to adopt first-in-nation energy storage mandate (http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_24316359 /california-poised-adopt-first-nation-energy-storage-mandate), San Jose Mercury News , October 15, 2013. Retrieved from mercurynews.com on October 16, 2013. 11. ^ PG&E begins operation of 4 MW energy storage project (http://energystoragejournal.com/pge-begins-operation-of-4-mw-energy-storage- project/), Energy Storage Journal , June 2013. 12. ^ Herndon, Andrew. PG&E Operating Second Energy Storage System With NGK Batteries (http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-05-23 /pg-e-operating-second-energy-storage-system-with-ngk-batteries.html), Bloomberg News , May 23, 2013. Retrieved from on October 16, 2013. 13. ^ E.ON inaugurates power-to-gas unit in Falkenhagen in eastern Germany: Unit injects hydrogen into natural gas system for first time on industrial scale (http://www.eon.com/en/media/news/press-releases/2013/8/28/eon-inaugurates-power-to-gas-unit-in-falkenhagen-in-eastern- germany.html) (media release), Eon.com website, August 28, 2013. 14. ^ Bilfinger automates power-to-gas pilot plant for E.ON (http://www.bilfinger.com/en/press/press-releases/article/article/2607/) (media release), Bilfinger.com website, August 28, 2013. 15. ^ "Hydropower & Dams in South and East Asia" (http://www.hydropower-dams.com/d/d_S&East_Asia_Map.pdf). Hydropower and Dams. p. 9. Retrieved 3 October 2010. 16. ^ "Tokyo Electric Power Co. power plant Tamahara" (http://www.suiryoku.com/gallery/gunma/tanbara/tanbara.html) (in Japanese). Suiryoku. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
48 of 50 6/1/2013 11:21 AM List of energy storage projects - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_energy_storage_projects
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Retrieved March 17, 2013. 18. ^ BC Hydro to cut ribbon at New Clean Energy Project in Yoho (http://kootenaybiz.com/bizblog/article/bc_hydro_to_cut_ribbon), Kootenay BizBlog, September 2013. 19. ^ Field Energy Storage Unit; Canadian Environmental Assessment Registry: 10-01-57392; Natural Resources Canada: 2010 ‑0008Y (http://www.acee-ceaa.gc.ca/052/details-eng.cfm?pid=57392), Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency, December 12, 2005. 20. ^ Supplemental Information (http://www.eaglemountainenergy.net/final_license_pdfs/10_07_07SupplementalInformation.pdf) pg. 2-12 21. ^ Dinorwig Power Station website (http://www.fhc.co.uk/electric_mountain.htm) 22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt DOE Energy Storage Database (http://www.energystorageexchange.org/projects), Sandia National Laboratories, United States Department of Energy. Retrieved October 24, 2013. 23. ^ First Hydro: Ffestiniog (http://www.fhc.co.uk/ffestiniog.htm) 24. ^ First Hydro Analysts Conference (http://www.ipplc.com/ipr/investors/resultspresentations/rp2005/hydrosite05/hydrosite05.pdf) 25. ^ Ludington Pumped Storage (http://www.consumersenergy.com/content.aspx?id=1830), ConsumersEnergy.com website. 26. ^ "Past Outstanding Civil Engineering Achievement Awards" (http://www.asce.org/opal/past_ocea.cfm#1973). American Society of Civil Engineers. 27. ^ Alexander, Dave (2008-04-12). "Shoreline generates interest in power" (http://blog.mlive.com/chronicle/2008/04 /shoreline_generates_interest_i.html). The Muskegon Chronicle. Retrieved 2008-10-03. 28. ^ "Consumers Energy , Detroit Edison announce $800 million upgrade of Ludington Pumped Storage Facility" (http://www.ludingtondailynews.com/news/55529-consumers-energy--detroit-edison-announce-800-million-upgrade-of-ludington-pumped- storage-facility). Ludington Daily News. 2011-02-07. Retrieved 2011-02-08. 29. ^ Abengoa’s Solana, the US’s first large-scale solar plant with thermal energy storage system, begins commercial operation (http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9243140/U.S._flips_switch_on_massive_solar_power_array_that_also_stores_electricity), Abengoa, October 9, 2013 30. ^ Randazzo, Ryan (February 21, 2008). "Plant to brighten state's solar future" (http://www.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/news/articles /0221biz-solar0221.html). The Arizona Republic . Retrieved 2009-06-08. 31. ^ Randazzo, Ryan (July 3, 2010). "Arizona solar plant gets big boost from feds" (http://www.azcentral.com/news/articles/2010/07 /03/20100703biz-abengoa0704-ONL.html). The Arizona Republic . Retrieved 2010-07-03. 32. ^ "Abengoa closes $1.45 billion federal loan guarantee for Arizona solar farm" (http://blogs.reuters.com/environment/2010/12/21/abengoa- closes-1-45-billion-federal-loan-guarantee-for-arizona-solar-farm/). Reuters . Dec 21, 2010. 33. ^ a b Gies, Erica. Global Clean Energy: A Storage Solution Is in the Air (http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/02/business/energy-environment /a-storage-solution-is-in-the-air.html?pagewanted=all), International Herald Tribune , October 1, 2012. Retrieved from NYTimes.com website, March 19, 2013. 34. ^ Wald, Matthew L. Using Compressed Air To Store Up Electricity (http://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/29/business/technology-using- compressed-air-to-store-up-electricity.html), The New York Times , September 29, 1991 35. ^ Wald, Matthew L. (2011), "Batteries at a Wind Farm Help Control Output" (http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/29/science/earth/batteries- on-a-wind-farm-help-control-power-output.html?_r=1&hp), The New York Times (October 28), p. B3. 36. ^ Flywheel-based Solutions for Grid Reliability (http://web.archive.org/web/20061012170055/http://www.beaconpower.com/products /EnergyStorageSystems/docs/BeaconPower_solutions_grid.pdf), Beacon Power website, May 2006. Retrieved via Archive.org on March 21, 2013. 37. ^ a b Wild, Matthew, L. Wind Drives Growing Use of Batteries (http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/28/business/energy-environment /28storage.html), The New York Times , July 28, 2010, pp.B1. 38. ^ Ricketts, Camille. DOE Charges Up Flywheels, Finalizes $43M Loan to Beacon Power (http://www.nytimes.com/external/venturebeat /2010/08/10/10venturebeat-doe-charges-up-flywheels-finalizes-43m-loan-54486.html), VentureBeat, The New York Times , August 10, 2010. Discusses Beacon Power and flywheel energy storage. 39. ^ Audrey McAvoy. Hawaii's Kahuku Wind Farm Is An Industry Pioneer, Despite Fire Setback (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08 /03/hawaii-kahuku-wind-farm_n_1735788.html), Huffington Post , August 1, 2012. 40. ^ Southern California Edison Company: Tehachapi Wind Energy Storage Project (http://www.smartgrid.gov/project /southern_california_edison_company_tehachapi_wind_energy_storage_project), SmartGrid.gov website, US Department of Energy. Retrieved 21 March 2013. 41. ^ Southern California Edison Company: Tehachapi Wind Energy Storage Project (http://www.smartgrid.gov/sites/default/files/socal-edison- oe0000201-final.pdf), National Energy Laboratory for the Office of Electric Energy Reliability, US Department of Energy, December 2010 (PDF). Retrieved 21 March 2013. 42. ^ Tehachapi Wind Energy Storage Project: Lithium-ion battery and smart inverter technologies will improve grid performance and wind integration (http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/Tehachapi.pdf), National Energy Laboratory for the Office of Electric Energy Reliability, US Department of Energy, October 2012 (PDF). Retrieved 21 March 2013. 43. ^ Alameda County: Santa Rita Jail Smart Grid, Project Overview (http://www.acgov.org/pdf/SRJSmartGridOverview.pdf), Chevron Corporation and County of Alameda, California, March 28, 2012. 44. ^ Ford and DTE Energy Soak up the Rays with One of Michigan’s Largest Solar Power Projects (http://media.ford.com /article_display.cfm?article_id=34213) (press release), Ford Motor Company, February 11, 2011. 45. ^ Superconductors to Wire a Smarter Grid (http://www.technologyreview.com/energy/23928/), Technology Review , 2009-11-12. Accessed 2010-11-20. 46. ^ The Tres Amigas Project: America's Renewable Energy Hub? (http://www.fastcompany.com/blog/ariel-schwartz/sustainability/tres-
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amigas-project-americas-renewable-energy-hub), FastCompany.com, October 2009. 47. ^ Beyer, Thomas. Goldisthal Pumped-Storage Plant: More than Power Production (http://www.hydroworld.com/index/display/article- display/351208/articles/hydro-review-worldwide/volume-15/issue-1/articles/goldisthal-pumped-storage-plant-more-than-power- production.html), Hydro Review Worldwide, Hydroworld.com website, 1 March 2007. Retrieved October 2013. 48. ^ History and characteristics of Goldisthal pumped-storage power plant (http://powerplants.vattenfall.com/node/282), VattenFall.com website, 6 February 2012. Retrieved October 2013. 49. ^ Drakensberg Pumped Storage Scheme (http://www.eskom.co.za/content/Drakensburg%20FA%20Pg%2001-06.pdf), Eskom, 2005-10. Retrieved 2008-11-09
External links
U.S. Dept of Energy - Energy Storage Systems (http://www.sandia.gov/ess/index.html) U.S. Dept of Energy - Energy Storage Systems Database (http://www.energystorageexchange.org/projects.html) The world's pumped storage plants. (http://business.highbeam.com/542/article-1G1-103088400/world-pumped-storage-plants) Stations de pompage turbinage dans le monde (http://objectifterre.over-blog.org/pages /Stations_de_pompage_turbinage_dans_le_monde-1389849.html)
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