Queen Square Alumnus Newsletter Issue 8.Pdf

QUEEN SQUARE ALUMNUS ASSOCIATION

Issue 8 December 2014 Editor Mr David Blundred

Head of Teaching and Learning Support [email protected] Editorial Leads

Professor Simon Shorvon

Professor Andrew Lees Miss Jean Reynolds

Miss Pat Harris

Professor Ian McDonald

dŚĞ ŽƉŝŶŝŽŶƐ ĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŶĞǁ ƐůĞƩ Ğƌ ďǇ authors and interviewees do not necessarily reﬂect the opinion of the Editor or the UCL /ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨE ĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇĂŶĚE ĂƟŽŶĂů, ŽƐƉŝƚĂůĨŽƌ Neurology and Neurosurgery.

All photographs have been kindly provided by D ĞĚŝĐĂů/ůůƵƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ͕ Y ƵĞĞŶ^ƋƵĂƌĞ>ŝďƌĂƌǇĂŶĚ ƚŚĞĚŝƚŽƌƐƉƌŝǀ ĂƚĞĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ͘ CONTENTS

Editorial 02 News 03

News from Queen Square (August 2014-December2014)

Alumni News & Upcoming Events 09

News from Alumni and upcoming QS events

The Queen Square Interview 10 Alumni Interview 13

The Editor interviews Professor Sarah Tabrizi ƌŚĂƌůĞƐůĂƌŬĞĚŝƐĐƵƐƐĞƐŚŝƐƟŵĞĂƚY ƵĞĞŶ Square and career

Queen Square Library and Archives 17

News and events from the Queen Square Library

Exploring the roof of the world 18

Report by Clement Moutard

Photos from our Archives 21

A look at a group photograph from the Queen Square Archives

1 EDITORIAL

/Ŷ ƚŚŝƐ ĞĚŝƟŽŶ ŽĨƚŚĞ ŶĞǁ ƐůĞƩ Ğƌ ǁ Ğ ŚĂǀ Ğ Ă ƚŚĞŵĞ͖ E ĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇͬ E ĞƵƌŽƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ Mountaineering/trekking! I am delighted that I was granted permission to publish an edited version of Mr Clément Moutard’s report of his trek around the Annapurnas. It was ƋƵŝƚĞĂƚĂƐŬĞĚŝƟŶŐϯϭƉĂŐĞƐŝŶƚŽϯĂŶĚ/ŚŽƉĞƚŚĂƚ/ŚĂǀ ĞĚŽŶĞŚŝƐƌĞƉŽƌƚũƵƐƟĐĞ͘ ůĞŵĞŶƚ is a recent alumni, having graduated in 2013 with two MSc’s in Brain and Mind Sciences (one from UCL and one from UPMC/ENS in Paris) and is now undertaking a PhD in Paris. K ŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵĂŶǇũŽǇƐŽĨƚŚŝƐũŽďŝƐŵĞĞƟŶŐƉĞŽƉůĞůŝŬĞůĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ĂŶĞǆĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůůǇ intelligent person, but also very humble and genuine, willing to share his experiences and thoughts on a whole variety of topics. It was also a pleasure to meet with, and interview, Dr Charles Clarke - his interests and experiences in mountaineering seemed to ﬁt well with ůĠŵĞŶƚΖƐƉŝĞĐĞ͕ ĨŽƌŵŝŶŐĂĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚŚĞŵĞĨŽƌƚŚŝƐĞĚŝƟŽŶ͘ K ŶĂƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞŶŽƚĞŝƚǁ ĂƐ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐƚŽƌĞĂĚWƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌdĂďƌŝǌŝ͛ ƐŝŶƚĞƌǀ ŝĞǁ ŽŶƚŚĞŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞƚŚĂƚWƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ, ĂƌĚŝŶŐ ŚĂĚŽŶŚĞƌ͕ ĂŶĚƌĞŵŝŶĚƐŵĞŽĨWƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌZĞŝůůǇ͛ ƐƚŚŽƵŐŚƚƐŝŶŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌǀ ŝĞǁ ŝŶĞĚŝƟŽŶϯŽĨ ƚŚĞŶĞǁ ƐůĞƩ Ğƌ͘ ^ŽŵĞƉĞŽƉůĞŚĂǀ ĞĂůĞŐĂĐǇƚŚĂƚŝƐůŽŶŐůĂƐƟŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚWƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ, ĂƌĚŝŶŐĮ ƚƐŝŶƚŽƚŚŝƐĐĂƚĞŐŽƌǇ͘

K ƵƌŵĞŵďĞƌƐŚŝƉĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐƚŽŐƌŽǁ ĂŶĚWƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ^ŚŽƌǀ ŽŶĂŶĚ/ĂƌĞƐĞĞŬŝŶŐŶĞǁ ǁ ĂǇƐƚŽƌĞĂĐŚĂůƵŵŶŝ͘ /ǁ ŽƵůĚ͕ ĂƐ always, appreciate your assistance in spreading the word and informing alumni not currently on my mailing list and asking them to get in touch. I would also be very happy to publicise events and news from you, and also enjoy hearing ƌĞĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶƐĨƌŽŵǇŽƵƌƟŵĞŚĞƌĞĂƚY ƵĞĞŶ^ƋƵĂƌĞ͘

/ǁ ŽƵůĚůŝŬĞƚŽƚŚĂŶŬƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁ ŝŶŐƉĞŽƉůĞ͕ ǁ ŝƚŚŽƵƚǁ ŚŽŵƚŚŝƐĞĚŝƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŶĞǁ ƐůĞƩ Ğƌǁ ŽƵůĚŶŽƚŚĂǀ ĞďĞĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ͖ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌƐŶĚƌĞǁ >ĞĞƐĂŶĚ^ŝŵŽŶ^ŚŽƌǀ ŽŶĨŽƌƚŚĞŝƌĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĂŶĚĞŶƚŚƵƐŝĂƐŵ͖ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ^ĂƌĂŚdĂďƌŝǌŝĂŶĚƌ Charles Clarke for their interviews; Mr Clement Moutard for allowing me to publish an account of his trek; Miss Jean ZĞǇŶŽůĚƐĨŽƌŚĞƌĂƩ ĞŶƟŽŶƚŽĚĞƚĂŝůŝŶƉƌŽŽĨƌĞĂĚŝŶŐƚŚŝƐĞĚŝƟŽŶ͖ D Ɛ^ĂƌĂŚ>Ăǁ ƐŽŶĂŶĚD ƌ' ĞŽƌŐĞ<ĂŝŵĨŽƌY ƵĞĞŶ ^ƋƵĂƌĞ>ŝďƌĂƌǇĂŶĚƌĐŚŝǀ ĞŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů͕ ĂŶĚƚŚĞY ƵĞĞŶ^ƋƵĂƌĞ>ŝďƌĂƌǇĨŽƌƉŚŽƚŽŐƌĂƉŚƐƵƐĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐĞĚŝƟŽŶ͘

/ŚŽƉĞǇŽƵĞŶũŽǇƌĞĂĚŝŶŐƚŚĞĞŝŐŚƚŚĞĚŝƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞY ƵĞĞŶ^ƋƵĂƌĞůƵŵŶƵƐƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŶĞǁ ƐůĞƩ Ğƌ͘ David Blundred

2 NEWS FROM QUEEN SQUARE

AUGUST 2014

Y ƵĞĞŶ^ƋƵĂƌĞĂƵƚŚŽƌƐƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚŝŶƌĂŝŶĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶŽĨĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂƌƟĐůĞƐ dŚĞũŽƵƌŶĂůƌĂŝŶŝƐĐĞůĞďƌĂƟŶŐƚŚĞŝƌ/ŵƉĂĐƚ&ĂĐƚŽƌΎƌŝƐŝŶŐƚŽŽǀ ĞƌƚĞŶǁ ŝƚŚĂǀ ŝƌƚƵĂůŝƐƐƵĞŽĨƚĞŶĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂƌƟĐůĞƐ͕ ĨƌĞĞƚo read ŽŶůŝŶĞƵŶƟůƚŚĞĞŶĚŽĨĞĐĞŵďĞƌ͘ dŚĞΖdŽƉϭϬĂƚϭϬΖĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶŝƐŵĂĚĞƵƉŽĨƚŚĞƚŽƉƚǁ ŽĐŝƚĞĚĂƌƟĐůĞƐĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚŽĨƚŚĞůĂƐƚĮ ǀ ĞĚĞĐĂĚĞƐ͘

&ŽƵƌŽĨƚŚĞĂƌƟĐůĞƐǁ ĞƌĞƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďǇƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐǁ ŽƌŬŝŶŐĂƚh>/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨE ĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇ͗ ͼ

 E ĞƵƌŽƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƩ Ğƌ-ZĞůĂƚĞĚŶǌǇŵĞƐŶĚ/ŶĚĞǆĞƐKĨ, ǇƉŽǆŝĂ/Ŷ^ĞŶŝůĞĞŵĞŶƟĂŶĚKƚŚĞƌďŝŽƚƌŽƉŚŝĞƐŽǁ ĞŶ͕ D ͖ Smith, CB; White, P; et al. BRAIN Volume: 99 Issue: SEP Pages: 459-496 Published: 1976

 ĂƚĞŐŽƌǇ^ƉĞĐŝĮ Đ^ĞŵĂŶƟĐ/ŵƉĂŝƌŵĞŶƚƐ͘ t ĂƌƌŝŶŐƚŽŶ͕ <͖ ^ŚĂůůŝĐĞ͕ d͘ Z/E s ŽůƵŵĞ͗ ϭϬϳ /ƐƐƵĞ͗ ^WWĂŐĞƐ͗ ϴϮϵ-854 Published: 1984, DOI: 10.1093/brain/107.3.829

 Ageing And Parkinson’s Disease - ^ƵďƐƚĂŶƟĂ-E ŝŐƌĂZĞŐŝŽŶĂů^ĞůĞĐƟǀ ŝƚǇ&ĞĂƌŶůĞǇ͕ :D ͖ >ĞĞƐ͕ :͘ Z/E s ŽůƵŵĞ͗ ϭϭϰ Pages: 2283-2301 Part: 5 Published: OCT 1991, DOI: 10.1093/brain/114.5.2283

 dŚĞƉƌĞĐƵŶĞƵƐ͗ ĂƌĞǀ ŝĞǁ ŽĨŝƚƐĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůĂŶĂƚŽŵǇĂŶĚďĞŚĂǀ ŝŽƵƌĂůĐŽƌƌĞůĂƚĞƐĂǀ ĂŶŶĂ͕ ͖ dƌŝŵďůĞ͕ D Z͘ Z/E s ŽůƵŵĞ͗ 129 Pages: 564-583 Part: 3 Published: MAR 2006, DOI: 10.1093/brain/awl004 dŽǆŝĐƉƌŽƚĞŝŶƐŝŵƉůŝĐĂƚĞĚŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽƚĞŵƉŽƌĂůĚĞŵĞŶƟĂĂŶĚŵŽƚŽƌŶĞƵƌŽŶĞĚŝƐĞĂƐĞ

^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐĂƚh>/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨE ĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇĂŶĚƚŚĞD ĂǆWůĂŶĐŬ/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌŝŽůŽŐǇŽĨŐĞŝŶŐŝŶŽůŽŐŶĞŚĂǀ ĞĚŝƐĐŽǀ ĞƌĞĚŚŽw a ƐƉĞĐŝĮ ĐŐĞŶĞƟĐŵƵƚĂƟŽŶŵĂǇĚĂŵĂŐĞŶĞƌǀ ĞĐĞůůƐŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽƚĞŵƉŽƌĂůĚĞŵĞŶƟĂĂŶĚŵŽͲ tor neurone disease.

dŚĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐƵƐĞĚĨƌƵŝƚŇŝĞƐƚŽďĞƩ ĞƌƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞĞī ĞĐƚƐŽĨƚŚĞϵŽƌĨϳ ϮŐĞŶĞ͕ ǁ ŚŝĐŚŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶůŝŶŬĞĚƚŽďŽƚŚĨƌŽŶƚŽƚĞŵƉŽƌĂůĚĞŵĞŶƟĂ;&dͿĂŶĚŵŽƚŽƌŶĞƵƌŽŶĞĚŝƐĞĂƐĞ;D E Ϳ͘ ĨĂƵůƚǇ version of the C9orf72 gene was recently shown to cause both FTD and MND, and is thought to be responsible for roughly 8% of all cases of each disease in the UK.

dŚĞĨĂƵůƚǇŐĞŶĞĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐĂƐŚŽƌƚƐĞĐƟŽŶŽĨŐĞŶĞƟĐĐŽĚĞƚŚĂƚŝƐƌĞƉĞĂƚĞĚƚŚŽƵƐĂŶĚƐŽĨƟŵĞƐ͘ dŚŝƐ repeated code results in extra molecules called RNA, as well as repeated fragments of protein, and the challenge has been to uncover whether the RNA or the protein – or both – may be harmful to nerve cells.

These results suggest a key role for these toxic proteins in FTD and MND, and the next step will be to understand whether drugs could be designed to target these proteins and stop the death of nerve cells. dŚĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƚĞĂŵĮ ƌƐƚǁ ŽƌŬĞĚƚŽ͚ ĐůŽŶĞ͛ ƐĞĐƟŽŶƐŽĨE ŝŶĂǁ ĂǇƚŚĂƚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚŽŶůǇZE ͕ ŽŶůǇƉƌŽƚĞŝŶĨƌĂŐŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ŽƌZE and protein together. They then used fruit flies to study the effects of both the RNA and protein. They found that although ZE ŽŶŝƚƐŽǁ ŶĚŝĚŶŽƚƌĞƐƵůƚŝŶĂŶǇĚĂŵĂŐĞƚŽŶĞƌǀ ĞĐĞůůƐ͕ ĂƌƟĮ ĐŝĂůE ƚŚĂƚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚZE ĂŶĚƉƌŽƚĞŝŶ͕ ŽƌŽŶůǇƉƌŽƚĞŝŶ͕ caused striking damage to nerve cells and shortened the lifespan of the flies.

The results suggest that toxic protein fragments are the main culprit in causing brain cell death in both diseases.

&ƵƌƚŚĞƌĞǆƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚƐƐŚŽǁ ĞĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƚŽǆŝĐĞī ĞĐƚƐĐŽƵůĚďĞƚƌĂĐĞĚƚŽƚǁ ŽƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌƚǇƉĞƐŽĨƉƌŽƚĞŝŶĨƌĂŐŵĞŶƚ– those containing high amounts of an amino acid called arginine.

ƋƵĂƟŽŶƚŽƉƌĞĚŝĐƚŚĂƉƉŝŶĞƐƐ dŚĞŚĂƉƉŝŶĞƐƐŽĨŽǀ Ğƌϭϴ͕ ϬϬϬƉĞŽƉůĞǁ ŽƌůĚǁ ŝĚĞŚĂƐďĞĞŶƉƌĞĚŝĐƚĞĚďǇĂŵĂƚŚĞŵĂƟĐĂůĞƋƵĂƟŽŶĚĞǀ ĞůŽƉĞĚďǇƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚ UCL, with results showing that moment-to-moment happiness reﬂects not just how well things are going, but whether things ĂƌĞŐŽŝŶŐďĞƩ ĞƌƚŚĂŶĞǆƉĞĐƚĞĚ͘

3 NEWS FROM QUEEN SQUARE

AUGUST 2014 dŚĞƐƚƵĚǇ͕ ƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞWƌŽĐĞĞĚŝŶŐƐŽĨƚŚĞE ĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵǇŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐ͕ ŝŶǀ ĞƐƟŐĂƚĞĚƚŚĞƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉďĞƚǁ ĞĞŶŚĂƉƉŝŶĞƐƐ and reward, and the neural processes that lead to feelings that are central to our conscious experience, such as happiness. dŚĞƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐďƵŝůƚĂĐŽŵƉƵƚĂƟŽŶĂůŵŽĚĞůŝŶǁ ŚŝĐŚƐĞůĨ-ƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚŚĂƉƉŝŶĞƐƐǁ ĂƐƌĞůĂƚĞĚƚŽƌĞĐĞŶƚƌĞǁ ĂƌĚƐĂŶĚĞǆƉĞĐƚĂƟŽŶƐ͘ dŚĞŵŽĚĞůǁ ĂƐƚŚĞŶƚĞƐƚĞĚŽŶϭϴ͕ ϰϮϬƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐŝŶƚŚĞŐĂŵĞ͚ t ŚĂƚŵĂŬĞƐŵĞŚĂƉƉǇ͍ ͛ ŝŶĂƐŵĂƌƚƉŚŽŶĞĂƉƉĚĞǀ ĞůŽƉĞĚĂƚh> called ‘The Great Brain Experiment’. The team, including Dr Robb Rutledge, lead author, Dr Nikolina Skandali, Prof Peter Dayan ĂŶĚWƌŽĨZĂǇŽůĂŶ͕ ƵƐĞĚĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůD Z/ƚŽĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞƚŚĂƚŶĞƵƌĂůƐŝŐŶĂůƐĚƵƌŝŶŐĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐĂŶĚŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƚĂƐŬ͕ ŝŶĂŶ area of the brain called the striatum, can be used to predict changes in moment-to-moment happiness. dŚĞƐƚƌŝĂƚƵŵŚĂƐĂůŽƚŽĨĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐǁ ŝƚŚĚŽƉĂŵŝŶĞŶĞƵƌŽŶƐ͕ ĂŶĚƐŝŐŶĂůƐŝŶƚŚŝƐďƌĂŝŶĂƌĞĂĂƌĞƚŚŽƵŐŚƚƚŽĚĞƉĞŶĚĂƚůĞĂƐƚ ƉĂƌƟĂůůǇŽŶĚŽƉĂŵŝŶĞ͘ dŚĞƐĞƌĞƐƵůƚƐƌĂŝƐĞƚŚĞƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝƚǇƚŚĂƚĚŽƉĂŵŝŶĞŵĂǇƉůĂǇĂƌŽůĞŝŶĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶŝŶŐŚĂƉƉŝŶĞƐƐ͘

GCH1 gene and Parkinson’s risk

ƐƚƵĚǇƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚŝŶƌĂŝŶ;ƌD ĞŶĐĂĐĐŝ͕ Į ƌƐƚĂƵƚŚŽƌͿ͕ ůĞĚďǇƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚh>/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨE ĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇ͕ ŚĂƐƐŚŽǁ ŶƚŚĂƚŐĞŶĞƟĐ ŵƵƚĂƟŽŶƐǁ ŚŝĐŚĐĂƵƐĞĂĚĞĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶĚŽƉĂŵŝŶĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞďƌĂŝŶĂŶĚůĞĂĚƚŽĂĨŽƌŵŽĨĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ-onset Dystonia, also ƉůĂǇĂƌŽůĞŝŶƚŚĞĚĞǀ ĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨWĂƌŬŝŶƐŽŶ͛ ƐŝƐĞĂƐĞ;WͿ͘ /Ŷǀ ĞƐƟŐĂƚŽƌƐƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚƚŚĂƚĂĚƵůƚƐĐĂƌƌǇŝŶŐƚŚĞ' , ϭŵƵƚĂƟŽŶĂƌĞ ƉƌĞĚŝƐƉŽƐĞĚƚŽƚŚĞĚĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶŽĨŶŝŐƌĂůŶĞƵƌŽŶƐ– ƌĞƐƵůƟŶŐŝŶŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƵƌŵĂũŽƌĚŽƉĂŵŝŶĞƉĂƚŚǁ ĂǇƐƚŽƚŚĞďƌĂŝŶďĞŝŶŐ ĚĞĨĞĐƟǀ Ğ͘ dŚŝƐ' , ϭŵƵƚĂƟŽŶŝƐĂŶŽǀ ĞůƌŝƐŬĨĂĐƚŽƌŽĨĚĞǀ ĞůŽƉŝŶŐW͘

D ƵƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŽƚŚĞ' , ϭŐĞŶĞƌĞƐƵůƚŝŶĂƐĞǀ ĞƌĞƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶŽĨĚŽƉĂŵŝŶĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶŝŶŶŝŐƌŽƐƚƌŝĂƚĂůĐĞůůƐĂŶĚĐĂƵƐĞ dopa-ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝǀ ĞĚǇƐƚŽŶŝĂ;ZͿ͕ ĂƚƌĞĂƚĂďůĞŶĞƵƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƚŚĂƚĐĂŶďĞĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐĞĚďǇƐŝŐŶƐŽĨƉĂƌŬŝŶƐŽŶŝƐŵŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƐůŽǁ ŶĞƐƐŽĨŵŽǀ ĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ďĂůĂŶĐĞĚŝĸ ĐƵůƟĞƐĂŶĚƉŽƐƚƵƌĂůŝŶƐƚĂďŝůŝƚǇ͘ ZĂƉƉĞĂƌƐŝŶĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ͕ ŽŌĞŶĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞĂŐĞŽĨƐŝǆ͕ ĂƐ dystonia of the lower limbs. The dystonia then spreads, but has an excellent and sustained response to treatment by means of a ĚƌƵŐĐĂůůĞĚůĞǀ ŽĚŽƉĂ͘ dŚŽƐĞĂī ĞĐƚĞĚŽŌĞŶŚĂǀ ĞĂƌĞůĂƟǀ Ğǁ ŝƚŚZ͕ ŽƌŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƉĂƌĞŶƚƐŵŝŐŚƚŚĂǀ ĞĂ' , ϭŵƵƚĂƟŽŶďƵƚŶŽƚ ƐŚŽǁ ĂŶǇƐǇŵƉƚŽŵƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞŝŶĚŝǀ ŝĚƵĂůƐǁ ŝƚŚ' , ϭŵƵƚĂƟŽŶƐďƵƚŶŽĚǇƐƚŽŶŝĂŝŶĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚŵŝŐŚƚĚĞǀ ĞůŽƉůĂƚĞƌŽŶĂĚƵůƚ-onset parkinsonism. dŚĞƚĞĂŵŝŶŝƟĂůůǇƐƚƵĚŝĞĚĨŽƵƌĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐŝŶǁ ŚŝĐŚ' , ϭŵƵƚĂƟŽŶƐǁ ĞƌĞĨŽƵŶĚŝŶŝŶĚŝǀ ŝĚƵĂůƐǁ ŝƚŚĐůĂƐƐŝĐZĂŶĚŝŶŽůĚĞƌĨĂŵŝly members with no symptoms of DRD but who had adult-ŽŶƐĞƚƉĂƌŬŝŶƐŽŶŝƐŵ͘ dŽƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉďĞƚǁ ĞĞŶ' , ϭ ŵƵƚĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚƉĂƌŬŝŶƐŽŶŝƐŵƚŚĞƚĞĂŵƵƐĞĚĂŶŝŵĂŐŝŶŐƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇĐĂůůĞĚ͚ ĂdƐĐĂŶ͛ ǁ ŚĞƌĞŝŶũĞĐƟŽŶƐŽĨƐŵĂůůĂŵŽƵŶƚƐŽĨĂ ƌĂĚŝŽĂĐƟǀ ĞĚƌƵŐŚĞůƉĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞŚŽǁ ŵĂŶǇĚŽƉĂŵŝŶĞ-producing cells are available in a person's brain. The researchers ŽďƐĞƌǀ ĞĚƚŚĂƚƉĂƟĞŶƚƐǁ ŝƚŚZŚĂĚŶŽƌŵĂůĂdƐĐĂŶƐ͕ ŝŶĚŝĐĂƟŶŐƚŚĞĂďƐĞŶĐĞŽĨŶĞƵƌŽĚĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ďƵƚƚŚĞŝƌƌĞůĂƟǀ ĞƐǁ ŝƚŚ ƉĂƌŬŝŶƐŽŶŝƐŵĂůůŚĂĚĂďŶŽƌŵĂůĂdƐĐĂŶƐ͕ ĂƐŽďƐĞƌǀ ĞĚŝŶW͘ dŚŝƐĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞĚƚŚĂƚŵƵƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶ' , ϭĐĂŶůĞĂĚŶŽƚŽŶůǇƚŽ ZďƵƚĂůƐŽƚŽŶĞƵƌŽĚĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶĂŶĚW͘ dŚĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂůƐŽĐŽŶƐƵůƚĞĚƚŚĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůWĂƌŬŝŶƐŽŶŝƐĞĂƐĞ' ĞŶŽŵŝĐƐ ŽŶƐŽƌƟƵŵĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞ͘ dŚĞǇůŽŽŬĞĚĨŽƌŵƵƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶ' , ϭŝŶϭ͕ ϭϮϴĐĂƐĞƐŽĨWĂƌŬŝŶƐŽŶ͛ Ɛ;ǁ ŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶǇĨĂŵŝůǇŚŝƐƚŽƌǇĨŽƌZͿĂŶĚ ĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƌĞƐƵůƚƐǁ ŝƚŚϱ͕ ϵϯϱƉĂƟĞŶƚƐǁ ŝƚŚŽƵƚƚŚĞĚŝƐĞĂƐĞ͘ dŚĞǇĨŽƵŶĚĂƐŝŐŶŝĮ ĐĂŶƚŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐǇŽĨŵƵƚĂƟŽŶƐŝŶW͘

ŽƵďůĞŵƵƚĂƟŽŶůŝŶŬĞĚƚŽĨƌŽŶƚŽƚĞŵƉŽƌĂůĚĞŵĞŶƟĂ

ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚh>/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨE ĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇ;>ĞĂĚĂƵƚŚŽƌƌdĂŵŵĂƌǇŶ>ĂƐŚůĞǇ͕ ͿŚĂǀ ĞĨŽƵŶĚĨŽƌƚŚĞĮ ƌƐƚƟŵĞĂĚŽƵďůĞŵƵƚĂƟŽŶ ŝŶĂĨĂŵŝůǇǁ ŝƚŚĨƌŽŶƚŽƚĞŵƉŽƌĂůĚĞŵĞŶƟĂ;&dͿ͘ &dŝƐƚŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚŵŽƐƚĐŽŵŵŽŶĨŽƌŵŽĨĞĂƌůǇ-ŽŶƐĞƚĚĞŵĞŶƟĂĂŌĞƌ Alzheimer’s Disease. The disease is caused when nerve cells in the frontal and/or temporal lobes of the brain are aﬀected by ĂďŶŽƌŵĂůĐŚĂŶŐĞƐĂŶĚĞǀ ĞŶƚƵĂůůǇĚŝĞ͘ dŚĞŵƵƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚŚĂǀ ĞďĞĞŶĨŽƵŶĚƚŽĐĂƵƐĞ&dŝŶĐůƵĚĞĐŚĂŶŐĞƐŝŶƚŚĞD WdŐĞŶĞ͕ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŶƵůŝŶŐĞŶĞĂŶĚƚŚĞƌĞĐĞŶƚůǇŝĚĞŶƟĮ ĞĚƌĞƉĞĂƚĞǆƉĂŶƐŝŽŶŝŶƚŚĞϵŽƌĨϳ ϮŐĞŶĞ͘ hŶƟůŶŽǁ ŽŶůǇŽŶĞŵƵƚĂƟŽŶŝŶŽŶĞŐĞŶĞ has been associated with individual cases.

ƉƉƌŽǆŝŵĂƚĞůǇϭϱϬ&dĐĂƐĞƐǁ ĞƌĞŝŶǀ ĞƐƟŐĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞY ƵĞĞŶ^ƋƵĂƌĞƌĂŝŶĂŶŬĂƌĐŚŝǀ ĞƐ͘ ƌĂŝŶƟƐƐƵĞǁ ĂƐĞǆĂŵŝŶĞĚƵƐŝŶŐ special staining techniques to highlight the unique abnormal structures found in cases carrying the C9orf72 expansion repeat ŵƵƚĂƟŽŶ͘ ůů&dĐĂƐĞƐ͕ ƌĞŐĂƌĚůĞƐƐŽĨĂŶǇƉƌĞǀ ŝŽƵƐůǇŝĚĞŶƟĮ ĞĚŐĞŶĞƟĐĂďŶŽƌŵĂůŝƚǇ͕ ǁ ĞƌĞƐĐƌĞĞŶĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƵŶŝƋƵĞƉĂƚŚŽůŽŐŝĐal ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞƐĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐŽĨĐĂƐĞƐǁ ŝƚŚϵŽƌĨϳ ϮŵƵƚĂƟŽŶ͘ /ƚǁ ĂƐĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚŝƐƐĐƌĞĞŶŝŶŐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐƚŚĂƚƚǁ Ž&dĐĂƐĞƐĂůƌĞĂĚǇŬŶŽwn ƚŽŚĂǀ ĞĂƉƌŽŐƌĂŶƵůŝŶŵƵƚĂƟŽŶǁ ĞƌĞĂůƐŽƐŚŽǁ ŶƚŽĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƚŚĞƵŶŝƋƵĞϵŽƌĨϳ ϮĂďŶŽƌŵĂůƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞƚǁ ŽĐĂƐĞƐǁ ĞƌĞ ƚŚĞŶĐŚĞĐŬĞĚŐĞŶĞƟĐĂůůǇĨŽƌƚŚĞϵŽƌĨϳ ϮƌĞƉĞĂƚĞǆƉĂŶƐŝŽŶŵƵƚĂƟŽŶƚŽĐŽŶĮ ƌŵƚŚĞŽďƐĞƌǀ ĂƟŽŶƐƐĞĞŶĚŽǁ ŶƚŚĞŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ͘ 4 NEWS FROM QUEEN SQUARE

SEPTEMBER 2014

Department of Clinical & Experimental Epilepsy re-ĚĞƐŝŐŶĂƚĞĚĂƐĂt , KŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŶŐĞŶƚƌĞ

dŚĞt ŽƌůĚ, ĞĂůƚŚKƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ;t , K ͿŚĂƐƌĞ-designated the Department of Clinical & Experimental Epilepsy Ăƚh>/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨE ĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇĂƐĂt , K ŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŶŐĞŶƚƌĞĨŽƌZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚΘdƌĂŝŶŝŶŐŝŶE ĞƵƌŽƐĐŝĞŶĐĞƐƚŽ September 2018.

WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ:ŽƐĞŵŝƌ;>ĞǇͿ^ĂŶĚĞƌ͕ h>/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨE ĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇ͕ ΘE ĂƟŽŶĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚǇĨŽƌƉŝůĞƉƐǇŚĂŝƌŽĨƉŝůĞƉƐǇ͕ ǁ ŝůůĂĐƚĂƐ, ĞĂĚŽĨƚŚĞŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŶŐĞŶƚƌĞ͘ dŚĞĞŶƚƌĞŚĂƐďĞĞŶǀ ĞƌǇĂĐƟǀ ĞŝŶŚĞůƉŝŶŐƚŚĞt , KŝŶƚŚĞŝƌ' ůŽďĂůĂŵƉĂŝŐŶĂŐĂŝŶƐƚĞƉŝůĞƉƐǇƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇŝŶůĞĂĚŝŶŐƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ to demonstrate the feasibility of providing epilepsy care in resource-ƉŽŽƌƐĞƫ ŶŐƐ͘ ^ƚĂī ĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĞŶƚƌĞŚĂǀ ĞďĞĞŶŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚĂů ŝŶŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŝŶŐĂŶĚĐĂƌƌǇŝŶŐŽƵƚĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐŝŶŚŝŶĂ͕ ƌĂǌŝů͕ ^ĞŶĞŐĂůĂŶĚ' ĞŽƌŐŝĂ͘ dŚĞǇŚĂǀ ĞĂůƐŽŚĞůƉĞĚƚŽĚĞǀ ĞůŽƉƚŚĞt , KŵŚ' ĂƉƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞďǇĞǀ ĂůƵĂƟŶŐĞǀ ŝĚĞŶĐĞĂŶĚƉƌŽǀ ŝĚŝŶŐƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŽĚĞǀ ĞůŽƉ ŵŽĚƵůĞƐĨŽƌĞƉŝůĞƉƐǇ͘ dŚĞĐĞŶƚƌĞǁ ŝůůĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƚŽƐƵƉƉŽƌƚt , K ͛ Ɛǁ ŽƌŬǁ ŝƚŚĂƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐŽǀ ĞƌƚŚĞŶĞǆƚĨŽƵƌǇĞĂƌƐŽŶ ƚŚĞƌĞǀ ŝƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŵŚ' ĂƉƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ͕ ƚŚĞŶĞƵƌŽĐǇƐƟĐĞƌĐŽƐŝƐŝŶŝƟĂƟǀ ĞĂŶĚĞƐƐĞŶƟĂůĚƌƵŐƐĨŽƌĞƉŝůĞƉƐǇŝŶŝƟĂƟǀ Ğ͘

Professor Lees receives Jay Van Andel Award for Outstanding Research in Parkinson’s Disease

WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ>ĞĞƐ͕ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌŽĨE ĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇ͕ E ĂƟŽŶĂů, ŽƐƉŝƚĂůĨŽƌE ĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇĂŶĚE ĞƵƌŽƐƵƌŐĞƌǇ͕ ĂŶĚŵĞƌŝƚƵƐ ŝƌĞĐƚŽƌ͕ ZĞƚĂ>ŝůĂt ĞƐƚŽŶ/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨE ĞƵƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂů^ƚƵĚŝĞƐ͕ h>/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨE ĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇ͕ ǁ ĂƐƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚǁ ŝƚŚ the Award at the Grand Challenges in Parkinson's Disease Symposium.

WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ>ĞĞƐŚĂƐĂĐŚŝĞǀ ĞĚŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƟŽŶĨŽƌŚŝƐǁ ŽƌŬŽŶWĂƌŬŝŶƐŽŶ͛ ƐŝƐĞĂƐĞĂŶĚĂďŶŽƌŵĂů movement disorders and was elected President of the Movement Disorder Society (2004-2006). In 2006, he was awarded the Movement Disorders Research Award by the American Academy of Neurology.

ƌĞĂƟŶŐďƌĂŝŶĐĞůůƐĨƌŽŵƐŬŝŶƚŽƐƚƵĚǇůǌŚĞŝŵĞƌΖƐ

ƌ^ĞůŝŶĂt ƌĂǇ͕ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨD ŽůĞĐƵůĂƌE ĞƵƌŽƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ͕ ďĞĂƚŽī ƐƟī ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŚƌĞĞŽƚŚĞƌ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƚĞĂŵƐĨŽƌƚŚƌĞĞǇĞĂƌƐŽĨĨƵŶĚŝŶŐƚŽĚĞǀ ĞůŽƉĂŶŝŶŶŽǀ ĂƟǀ ĞŶĞǁ ǁ ĂǇƚŽƐĐƌĞĞŶƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůŶĞǁ treatments for diseases like Alzheimer’s. The announcement comes in a week she is also named Red D ĂŐĂǌŝŶĞ͛ ƐWŝŽŶĞĞƌŽĨƚŚĞzĞĂƌĨŽƌŚĞƌĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƚŽƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͘

>ĂƐƚǇĞĂƌ͕ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐǁ ĞƌĞĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞĚƚŽƵƐĞƚŚĞůĂƚĞƐƚƐƚĞŵĐĞůůƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐƚŽƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĂĐĞůůŵŽĚĞůŽĨ ĚĞŵĞŶƟĂŝŶƚŚĞůĂďƚŽďĞƵƐĞĚĨŽƌĚƌƵŐƐĐƌĞĞŶŝŶŐ͘ dŚĞĮ ƌƐƚƉŚĂƐĞŽĨƚŚĞĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐĂǁ ĨŽƵƌŝŶŝƟĂůƚĞĂŵƐĂǁ ĂƌĚĞĚάϭϬϬŬĨŽƌsix months to see who could develop the most promising way to recreate the build-ƵƉŽĨƚŚĞŚĂůůŵĂƌŬĚĞŵĞŶƟĂƉƌŽƚĞŝŶƚĂƵŝŶĐĞůůƐ in the laboratory. Three teams re-applied for the full £900k award, with Dr Wray and colleagues at the University of Strathclyde awarded the top prize.

ƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞĮ ƌƐƚƐŝǆŵŽŶƚŚƐŽĨƚŚĞƉƌŽũĞĐƚƚŚĞƚĞĂŵƐŚŽǁ ĞĚƚŚĞǇĐŽƵůĚĞī ĞĐƟǀ ĞůǇƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵƉĂƟĞŶƚƐŬŝŶĐĞůůƐŝŶƚŽŶĞƌǀ ĞĐĞůls in ƚŚĞůĂďǁ ŚŝĐŚŐƌĞǁ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞĚǁ ŝƚŚĞĂĐŚŽƚŚĞƌ͘ dŚĞŶĞƌǀ ĞĐĞůůƐĂůƐŽĚĞǀ ĞůŽƉĞĚĂďƵŝůĚ-up of tau protein, ƐŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĂƚƐĞĞŶŝŶƚŚĞďƌĂŝŶƐŽĨƉĞŽƉůĞǁ ŝƚŚůǌŚĞŝŵĞƌ͛ ƐĂŶĚĨƌŽŶƚŽƚĞŵƉŽƌĂůĚĞŵĞŶƟĂ͘

The team will now work with Edinburgh-based companies RBiomedical and Roslin Cells to scale up their experiment to improve ĚƌƵŐĚŝƐĐŽǀ ĞƌǇĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞĚĞǀ ĂƐƚĂƟŶŐĚŝƐĞĂƐĞƐ͘

5 NEWS FROM QUEEN SQUARE

OCTOBER 2014

Spinal surgery: OECs studies to start in 2015

Clinical studies are due to start in 2015 of the use of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells (OECs) to repair brachial plexus avulsion, an ŝŶũƵƌǇĐŽŵŵŽŶŝŶŵŽƚŽƌĐǇĐůĞĂĐĐŝĚĞŶƚƐǁ ŚĞŶƚŚĞŶĞƌǀ ĞƌŽŽƚƐĂƌĞƉƵůůĞĚŽƵƚŽĨƚŚĞƐƉŝŶĂůĐŽƌĚĂŶĚƚŚĞĂƌŵŝƐůĞŌƉĂƌĂůǇƐĞĚĂŶd senseless. dŚŝƐŝŶŶŽǀ ĂƟǀ ĞĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚƚŽƌĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŶŐŶĞƌǀ ĞĐĞůůƐĐĂŵĞƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞƐƉŽƚůŝŐŚƚǁ ŚĞŶĂƉŝŽŶĞĞƌŝŶŐĐĞůůƚƌĂŶƐƉůĂŶƚĂƟŽŶƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶt ĚĞǀ ĞůŽƉĞĚďǇƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐĂƚh>͕ ůĞĚďǇWƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ' ĞŽī ZĂŝƐŵĂŶ͕ ǁ ĂƐĂƉƉůŝĞĚďǇƐƵƌŐĞŽŶƐĂƚt ƌŽĐůĂǁ hŶŝǀ ĞƌƐŝƚǇ, ŽƐƉŝƚĂů͕ Poland. The surgeons successfully used nerve-ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐĐĞůůƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŶŽƐĞŽĨĂƌĞŬ&ŝĚǇŬĂ͕ ǁ ŚŽǁ ĂƐƉĂƌĂůǇƐĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĐŚĞƐƚ ĚŽǁ ŶĨŽůůŽǁ ŝŶŐĂŬŶŝĨĞĂƩ ĂĐŬŝŶǁ ŚŝĐŚŚŝƐƐƉŝŶĞǁ ĂƐƐĞǀ ĞƌĞĚ͕ ƚŽƉƌŽǀ ŝĚĞƉĂƚŚǁ ĂǇƐĂůŽŶŐǁ ŚŝĐŚďƌŽŬĞŶƟƐƐƵĞǁ ĂƐĂďůĞƚŽŐƌŽǁ ͘ Mr Fidyka is now able to walk again using a special frame.

ůŝŶŝĐŝĂŶƐĂŶĚƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐĂƌĞŶŽǁ ůŽŽŬŝŶŐĨŽƌůĂƌŐĞƌƐĐĂůĞĐůŝŶŝĐĂůƚƌŝĂůƐƚŽĚĞǀ ĞůŽƉƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚƐƚŚĂƚ͕ ŚŽƉĞĨƵůůǇ͕ ǁ ill beneﬁt more paralysed people globally. David Choi, Reader in Neurosurgery, is leading the development of a clean room to ĐƵůƚƵƌĞĐĞůůƐĂƚƚŚĞ/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞ͘

^ƚĞŶƟŶŐƐĂĨĞĂŶĚĞī ĞĐƟǀ ĞĨŽƌůŽŶŐ-ƚĞƌŵƐƚƌŽŬĞƉƌĞǀ ĞŶƟŽŶ hƐŝŶŐƐƚĞŶƚƐƚŽŬĞĞƉŶĞĐŬĂƌƚĞƌŝĞƐŽƉĞŶŝƐũƵƐƚĂƐĞī ĞĐƟǀ ĞĂƐŝŶǀ ĂƐŝǀ ĞŶĞĐŬƐƵƌŐĞƌǇĨŽƌůŽŶŐ-ƚĞƌŵƉƌĞǀ ĞŶƟŽŶŽĨĨĂƚĂůĂŶĚ ĚŝƐĂďůŝŶŐƐƚƌŽŬĞƐ͕ ƌĞƉŽƌƚƐĂŶŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůƚƌŝĂůůĞĚďǇh>;^ƚƵĚǇůĞĂĚWƌŽĨD ĂƌƟŶƌŽǁ ŶͿĨƵŶĚĞĚďǇƚŚĞD ĞĚŝĐĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ŽƵŶĐŝůĂŶĚ^ƚƌŽŬĞƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ͘ dŚĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƉĂƉĞƌ͕ ƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞ>ĂŶĐĞƚ͕ ǁ ĂƐĂƵƚŚŽƌĞĚďǇƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĨƌŽŵh>͕ ĂƐĞů University, Switzerland, the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, the University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands, ^ŚĞĸ ĞůĚdĞĂĐŚŝŶŐ, ŽƐƉŝƚĂůƐE , ^&ŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶdƌƵƐƚ͕ ĂŶĚE Ğǁ ĐĂƐƚůĞhŶŝǀ ĞƌƐŝƚǇ͘

/ŶƚŚĞh<͕ ĐĂƌŽƟĚĂƌƚĞƌǇĚŝƐĞĂƐĞŝƐŵŽƐƚĐŽŵŵŽŶůǇƚƌĞĂƚĞĚďǇĂŶŝŶǀ ĂƐŝǀ ĞƐƵƌŐŝĐĂůƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞĐĂůůĞĚĞŶĚĂƌƚĞƌĞĐƚŽŵǇ͘ ^ƚĞŶƟŶŐis ĂŶĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀ ĞƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞǁ ŚŝĐŚŝƐůĞƐƐŝŶǀ ĂƐŝǀ Ğ͕ ĐĂƵƐŝŶŐŽŶůǇŵŝŶŽƌďƌƵŝƐŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞŐƌŽŝŶ͕ ŶŽƌŝƐŬŽĨŶĞƌǀ ĞĚĂŵĂŐĞĂŶĚĂůŽǁ Ğr ŚĞĂƌƚĂƩ ĂĐŬƌŝƐŬƚŚĂŶĞŶĚĂƌƚĞƌĞĐƚŽŵǇ͘ dŚĞƐƚƵĚǇĨŽůůŽǁ ĞĚϭ͕ ϳ ϭϯƉĂƟĞŶƚƐǁ ŝƚŚĐĂƌŽƟĚĂƌƚĞƌǇĚŝƐĞĂƐĞ͕ ŽĨǁ ŚŽŵϴϱϱǁ ĞƌĞĂƐƐŝŐŶĞĚƚŽƐƚĞŶƟŶŐĂŶĚϴϱϴƚŽ endarterectomy, for up to 10 years. The median follow-up was 4.2 years. Both techniques were found to be equally good at ƉƌĞǀ ĞŶƟŶŐĨĂƚĂůĂŶĚĚŝƐĂďůŝŶŐƐƚƌŽŬĞƐ͕ ďƵƚƐƚĞŶƚĞĚƉĂƟĞŶƚƐǁ ĞƌĞƐůŝŐŚƚůǇŵŽƌĞůŝŬĞůǇƚŽŚĂǀ ĞŵŝŶŽƌƐƚƌŽŬĞƐǁ ŝƚŚŽƵƚůŽŶŐ-term Ğī ĞĐƚƐ͘ dŚĞƌŝƐŬŽĨĂŶǇƐƚƌŽŬĞŝŶĮ ǀ ĞǇĞĂƌƐǁ ĂƐϭϱ͘ Ϯй ŝŶƚŚĞƐƚĞŶƟŶŐŐƌŽƵƉĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽϵ͘ ϰй ŝŶƚŚĞĞŶĚĂƌƚĞƌĞĐƚŽŵǇŐƌŽƵƉ͕ ďut ƚŚĞĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůƐƚƌŽŬĞƐǁ ĞƌĞŵŝŶŽƌĂŶĚŚĂĚŶŽŝŵƉĂĐƚŽŶůŽŶŐ-term quality of life. NOVEMBER 2014

Secret of tetanus toxicity oﬀers new way to treat Motor Neurone Disease

dŚĞǁ ĂǇƚŚĂƚƚĞƚĂŶƵƐŶĞƵƌŽƚŽǆŝŶĞŶƚĞƌƐŶĞƌǀ ĞĐĞůůƐŚĂƐďĞĞŶĚŝƐĐŽǀ ĞƌĞĚďǇh>ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐ͕ ǁ ŚŽƐŚŽǁ ĞĚ ƚŚĂƚƚŚŝƐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĐĂŶďĞďůŽĐŬĞĚ͕ Žī ĞƌŝŶŐĂƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůƚŚĞƌĂƉĞƵƟĐŝŶƚĞƌǀ ĞŶƟŽŶĨŽƌƚĞƚĂŶƵƐ͘ dŚŝƐŶĞǁ ůǇ- discovered pathway could be exploited to deliver therapies to the nervous system, opening up a whole new way to treat neurological disorders such as Motor Neurone Disease and peripheral neuropathies.

The research in mice, published in Science and funded by the Medical Research Council, shows that proteins called nidogens, that coat cell surfaces, are key to tetanus neurotoxin entering the nervous ƐǇƐƚĞŵ͘ dĞƚĂŶƵƐŶĞƵƌŽƚŽǆŝŶƐƟĐŬƐƚŽŶŝĚŽŐĞŶƐŽŶŶĞƌǀ ĞĐĞůůƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚŝƐƚŚĞŶ͚ ƐŚƵƩ ůĞĚ͛ ŝŶƚŽƚŚĞƐĞŶĞƌǀ ĞĐĞůůƐǁ ŚĞƌĞŝƚ ƐƉƌĞĂĚƐĂŶĚĐĂƵƐĞƐĚĂŵĂŐĞĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞŶĞƌǀ ŽƵƐƐǇƐƚĞŵ͘ ůƚŚŽƵŐŚĂŶĞī ĞĐƟǀ ĞƚĞƚĂŶƵƐǀ ĂĐĐŝŶĞŝƐĂǀ ĂŝůĂďůĞ͕ ŶŽƚĂƌŐĞƚĞĚ ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚƐĐƵƌƌĞŶƚůǇĞǆŝƐƚĂŶĚƵŶƟůŶŽǁ ŝƚǁ ĂƐƵŶĐůĞĂƌŚŽǁ ƚŚĞƚŽǆŝŶĞŶƚĞƌĞĚƚŚĞŶĞƌǀ ŽƵƐƐǇƐƚĞŵ͘ dŚĞůĂƚĞƐƚƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŶŽƚŽŶůy ĞǆƉůĂŝŶƐŚŽǁ ƚĞƚĂŶƵƐŶĞƵƌŽƚŽǆŝŶŝƐĂďůĞƚŽĞŶƚĞƌƚŚĞŶĞƌǀ ŽƵƐƐǇƐƚĞŵ͕ ďƵƚĂůƐŽǁ ŚǇŝƚŝƐƐŽƚŽǆŝĐĞǀ ĞŶŝŶƐŵĂůůƋƵĂŶƟƟĞƐ͘ dŚĞĚŝƐĐŽǀ ĞƌǇŽƉĞŶƐƵƉƚŚĞƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝƚǇŽĨĚĞůŝǀ ĞƌŝŶŐĚƌƵŐƐŝŶƚŽƚŚĞŶĞƌǀ ŽƵƐƐǇƐƚĞŵďǇĞǆƉůŽŝƟŶŐŶŝĚŽŐĞŶƐŝŶƚŚĞƐĂŵĞǁ ĂǇƚŚĂt tetanus does. Similar to virotherapy, a growing field in which modified viruses are used to deliver drugs to specific cells or parts of the body, the latest research offers a new route through which therapies could be delivered. 6 NEWS FROM QUEEN SQUARE

NOVEMBER 2014

Harm to others outweighs harm to self in moral decision making

A UCL-led experiment on 80 pairs of adults found that people were willing to sacriﬁce on average twice as much money to spare a stranger pain than to spare themselves, despite the decision being secret. dŚĞƐƚƵĚǇ͕ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚďǇƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐ;ƌD ŽůůǇƌŽĐŬĞƩ ͕ ůĞĂĚĂƵƚŚŽƌͿĨƌŽŵh>/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨE ĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇĂŶĚK ǆĨŽƌĚhŶŝǀ ĞƌƐŝƚǇ and funded by the Wellcome Trust, was the ﬁrst to experimentally compare how much pain people were willing to ĂŶŽŶǇŵŽƵƐůǇŝŶŇŝĐƚŽŶƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀ ĞƐŽƌƐƚƌĂŶŐĞƌƐŝŶĞǆĐŚĂŶŐĞĨŽƌŵŽŶĞǇ͘ dŚĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŝƐƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚŝŶWƌŽĐĞĞĚŝŶŐƐŽĨƚŚĞE ĂƟŽŶĂl Academy of Sciences. dŚĞŝƌĮ ŶĚŝŶŐƐƉƌŽǀ ŝĚĞĂƐƵƌƉƌŝƐŝŶŐůǇŽƉƟŵŝƐƟĐǀ ŝĞǁ ŽĨŚƵŵĂŶŶĂƚƵƌĞ͕ ŝŶƐƚĂƌŬĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚǁ ŝƚŚƉƌĞǀ ŝŽƵƐĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐƐƚƵĚŝĞƐĐůĂŝŵing people fundamentally care about their own interests over those of other people.

The research also provides insight into clinical disorders characterised by a lack of empathy, such as psychopathy. People with ŵŽƌĞƉƐǇĐŚŽƉĂƚŚŝĐƚƌĂŝƚƐǁ ĞƌĞŵŽƌĞůŝŬĞůǇƚŽŚĂƌŵďŽƚŚŽƚŚĞƌƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀ ĞƐ͕ ƐƵŐŐĞƐƟŶŐĂŶƟƐŽĐŝĂůďĞŚĂǀ ŝŽƵƌĐŽƵůĚƌĞƐƵůƚ ĨƌŽŵĂŐĞŶĞƌĂůŝŶƐĞŶƐŝƟǀ ŝƚǇƚŽŚĂƌŵ͘

ƚƚŚĞĞŶĚŽĨƚŚĞƐƚƵĚǇ͕ ǀ ŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌƐĐŽƵůĚĚŽŶĂƚĞĂƉƌŽƉŽƌƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŝƌǁ ŝŶŶŝŶŐƐƚŽĐŚĂƌŝƚǇ͘ ůƚŚŽƵŐŚƚŚĞƉĞŽƉůĞŝŶƚŚŝƐƐƚƵĚǇ ǁ ĞƌĞŚŝŐŚůǇĂůƚƌƵŝƐƟĐŝŶƚĞƌŵƐŽĨƐƉĂƌŝŶŐŽƚŚĞƌƐĨƌŽŵƉĂŝŶ͕ ƚŚĞǇŽŶůǇĚŽŶĂƚĞĚĂŶĂǀ ĞƌĂŐĞϮϬй ŽĨƚŚĞŝƌǁ ŝŶŶŝŶŐƐƚŽĐŚĂƌŝƚǇ͕ ĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚǁ ŝƚŚƉĂƐƚƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͘ dŚŝƐĐŽŵƉĂƌĂƟǀ ĞůǇƐĞůĮ ƐŚďĞŚĂǀ ŝŽƵƌƐŚŽǁ ƐƚŚĂƚĂůƚƌƵŝƐŵŝƐŚŝŐŚůǇĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ-dependent. dŚĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂůƐŽƟŵĞĚǀ ŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌƐ͛ ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐ͕ ĂŶĚĨŽƵŶĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞǇŚĞƐŝƚĂƚĞĚůŽŶŐĞƌǁ ŚĞŶƚŚĞĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶŝŶǀ Žůǀ ĞĚŚĂƌŵŝŶŐ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌƉĞƌƐŽŶ͘ dŚĞŵŽƐƚĂůƚƌƵŝƐƟĐƐƵďũĞĐƚƐƚŽŽŬƚŚĞůŽŶŐĞƐƚƚŽĚĞĐŝĚĞĨŽƌŽƚŚĞƌƐ͕ ƐƵŐŐĞƐƟŶŐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞǇŵĂǇŚĂǀ ĞďĞĞŶŵĂŬŝŶŐ ŵŽƌĂůĐĂůĐƵůĂƟŽŶƐ͘ dŚĞŵŽƌĞƐĞůĮ ƐŚƐƵďũĞĐƚƐĚĞĐŝĚĞĚƚŚĞĨĂƚĞŽĨŽƚŚĞƌƐŵŽƌĞƋƵŝĐŬůǇ͕ ǁ ŚŝĐŚŵĂǇŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞĂůĂĐŬŽĨƚŚŽƵŐŚƚ about moral responsibility.

DECEMBER 2014

$5.9 million boost for SUDEP research

ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƚĞĂŵĂƚh>/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨE ĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇŝƐŽŶĞŽĨŶŝŶĞƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐǁ ŚŽǁ ŝůůƌĞĐĞŝǀ ĞĨƵŶĚŝŶŐƚŽƚĂůůŝŶŐΨϱ͘ ϵŵŝůůŝŽŶ͕ Žǀ ĞƌĮ ve years, from US government to speed up the pace of research into Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP).

ŽŵďŝŶŝŶŐŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞǁ ŽƌůĚ͛ ƐůĂƌŐĞƐƚĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶƐŽĨďƌĂŝŶƐĨƌŽŵŝŶĚŝǀ ŝĚƵĂůƐǁ ŚŽŚĂǀ ĞĚŝĞĚĨƌŽŵ^hWǁ ŝƚŚƟƐƐƵĞĐŽůůĞĐƚĞĚ from individuals undergoing epilepsy surgery, Dr. Maria Thom and her colleagues at Epilepsy Society Brain and Tissue Bank, ďĂƐĞĚĂƚƚŚĞh>/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨE ĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇ͕ ǁ ŝůůƵƐĞĂǀ ĂƌŝĞƚǇŽĨƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐƚŽĞǆĂŵŝŶĞƚŚĞďƌĂŝŶŝŶ^hW͕ ĂŶĚǁ ŝƚŚh^ĐŽůůĞĂŐƵes in the Center for SUDEP Research will also look at the role of two chemicals, adenosine and serotonin, in SUDEP.

ĂĐŚǇĞĂƌ͕ ^hWŽĐĐƵƌƐŝŶϭŽƵƚŽĨϭϬϬϬƉĞŽƉůĞǁ ŝƚŚĞƉŝůĞƉƐǇ͕ ŽŌĞŶŝŶƉĞŽƉůĞďĞƚǁ ĞĞŶϮϬƚŽϰϬǇĞĂƌƐŽůĚ͘ ^hWƌĞĨĞƌƐƚŽ ĚĞĂƚŚƐǁ ŝƚŚŶŽŬŶŽǁ ŶĐĂƵƐĞƐŝŶŝŶĚŝǀ ŝĚƵĂůƐǁ ŝƚŚĞƉŝůĞƉƐǇ͘ /ŶƚŚĞh<͕ ŝƚŝƐĞƐƟŵĂƚĞĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϲϬϬĚĞĂƚŚƐĂǇĞĂƌĨƌŽŵ ^hW͘ ƵƌƌĞŶƚĞī ŽƌƚƐĂƌĞĨŽĐƵƐĞĚŽŶƌŝƐŬƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĐŽŶƚƌŽůŽĨƐĞŝǌƵƌĞƐ͕ ďƵƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŶŽƉƌŽǀ ĞŶƉƌĞǀ ĞŶƟŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝes.

7 NEWS FROM QUEEN SQUARE

DECEMBER 2014

UCL Neuroscience rated top by research strength in the REF2014 h>/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨE ĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇ;/ŽE ͿƌĞĐĞŝǀ ĞĚĞǆƚƌĞŵĞůǇƉŽƐŝƟǀ ĞƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞŝŶƚŚĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚǆĐĞůůĞŶĐĞ&ƌĂŵĞǁ ŽƌŬ;Z&Ϳǁ ŝƚŚŝŶ hŶŝƚŽĨƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ;hŽͿϰ͕ WƐǇĐŚŽůŽŐǇ͕ WƐǇĐŚŝĂƚƌǇĂŶĚE ĞƵƌŽƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ͕ ǁ ŚŝĐŚĞŶĐŽŵƉĂƐƐĞƐƚŚĞ/ŽE ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂĐƟǀ ŝƚǇ͘ h>ĐĂŵĞ top overall in both the standard power measure and combined 4* and 3* work in this UoA.

Overall, 83 per cent of the submission was rated ‘world-leading’ or ͚ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůůǇĞǆĐĞůůĞŶƚ͛ ;ϰΎͬ ϯΎͿ͕ ǁ ŝƚŚϳ ϰй ŽĨƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŽƵƚƉƵƚƐŐŝǀ ĞŶ ϰΎŽƌϯΎƌĂƟŶŐƐ͘ dŚĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶǀ ŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚǁ ĂƐŐŝǀ ĞŶĂϭϬϬй ǁ ŽƌůĚ ůĞĂĚŝŶŐƌĂƟŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞŝŵƉĂĐƚǁ ĂƐũƵĚŐĞĚƚŽďĞŽǀ Ğƌϵϳ й ǁ ŽƌůĚůĞĂĚŝŶŐ ŽƌŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůůǇĞǆĐĞůůĞŶƚ͘ dŚĞ/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞƐƵďŵŝƩ ĞĚϭϲϯƐƚĂī ͕ ŽĨǁ ŚŽŵ 17 were early career researchers. Over 92% of eligible staﬀ were ƐƵďŵŝƩ ĞĚƚŽƚŚŝƐhŽ͘

dŚĞĞǆĐĞůůĞŶƚƌĂƟŶŐŚĂƐďĞĞŶĂƩ ƌŝďƵƚĞĚƚŽƚŚĞŵƵůƟĚŝƐĐŝƉůŝŶĂƌǇƐĐŝĞŶƟĮ ĐĞŶǀ ŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚǁ ŚŝĐŚŝƐĞŶƌŝĐŚĞĚďǇĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟǀ Ğ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐǁ ŝƚŚƚŚĞ/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨŽŐŶŝƟǀ ĞE ĞƵƌŽƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ͕ ƚŚĞ' ĂƚƐďǇŽŵƉƵƚĂƟŽŶĂůE ĞƵƌŽƐĐŝĞŶĐĞhŶŝƚ͕ ĂŶĚƚŚĞ ^ĂŝŶƐďƵƌǇt ĞůůĐŽŵĞĞŶƚƌĞĨŽƌE ĞƵƌĂůŝƌĐƵŝƚƐĂŶĚĞŚĂǀ ŝŽƵƌ͘ t ŽƌůĚůĞĂĚŝŶŐƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝƐƚƵŶŝƚƐĂŶĚĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐƐƵĐŚĂƐƚŚĞD Z ĞŶƚƌĞĨŽƌE ĞƵƌŽŵƵƐĐƵůĂƌŝƐĞĂƐĞ͕ ^ĂƌĂ<ŽĞW^WĞŶƚƌĞ͕ ĞŵĞŶƟĂZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚƌĞ͕ D ZWƌŝŽŶhŶŝƚ͕ ĂŶĚƚŚĞY ƵĞĞŶ^ƋƵĂƌĞD ^ Centre add to this success.

^ŝŶĐĞZϮϬϬϴƚŚĞ/ŽE ŚĂƐƵŶĚĞƌƚĂŬĞŶŵĂũŽƌƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŝŶŝƟĂƟǀ ĞƐƚŽŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐůĂƟŽŶĂůŝŵƉĂĐƚŽĨŝƚƐƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚing the opening of the Leonard Wolfson Experimental Neurology Centre (LWENC).

The LWENC is speciﬁcally designed to undertake experimental medicine studies and early phase clinical trials which aim to ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĚŝƐĞĂƐĞŵŽĚŝĨǇŝŶŐƚŚĞƌĂƉŝĞƐŝŶƚŚĞĮ ĞůĚŽĨE ĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇĂŶĚE ĞƵƌŽĚĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐůǌŚĞŝŵĞƌΖƐŝƐĞĂƐĞ, WĂƌŬŝŶƐŽŶ͛ ƐĚŝƐĞĂƐĞ͕ , ƵŶƟŶŐƚŽŶ͛ ƐĚŝƐĞĂƐĞ͕ D ƵůƟƉůĞ^ĐůĞƌŽƐŝƐ͕ ^ƚƌŽŬĞĂŶĚWƌŝŽŶĚŝƐĞĂƐĞ͘ dŚĞ/ŽE ĂŝŵƐƚŽďĞƚŚĞďĞƐƚƚƌĂŶƐůĂƟŽŶĂůŶĞƵƌŽƐĐŝĞŶĐĞĐĞŶƚƌĞŝŶƚŚĞǁ ŽƌůĚĂĚǀ ĂŶĐŝŶŐĚŝƐĐŽǀ ĞƌǇĂŶĚĚĞůŝǀ ĞƌŝŶŐƌĞĂůŝŵƉĂĐƚĨŽƌ ƚŚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĂŶĚǁ ĞĂůƚŚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶ͖ ĚĞǀ ĞůŽƉŝŶŐŶĞǁ ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚƐĨŽƌƉĂƟĞŶƚƐǁ ŝƚŚĚĞǀ ĂƐƚĂƟŶŐ͕ ŐůŽďĂůůǇŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ͕ ŶĞƵƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂl diseases.

ĞƌůŝŶ^ĐŚŽŽůŽĨD ŝŶĚĂŶĚƌĂŝŶƉŽƐƚĞƌƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐ

&ŽƌƚŚĞƚŚŝƌĚǇĞĂƌƌƵŶŶŝŶŐƐŝǆϰǇĞĂƌD WŚŝůͬ WŚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞh>/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨ E ĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇĂƩ ĞŶĚĞĚƚŚĞƉŽƐƚĞƌƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶĞǀ ĞŶƚŚĞůĚďǇƚŚĞĞƌůŝŶ^ĐŚŽŽůŽĨD ŝŶĚ and Brain. 32 posters were presented and about 100 doctoral and master’s students, ƉŽƐƚĚŽĐƐĂŶĚĨĂĐƵůƚǇŵĞŵďĞƌƐƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞĚĂŶĚǁ ĞƌĞƉĂƌƚŽĨĂŐƌĂŶĚũƵƌǇ͘ dŚŝƐǇĞĂƌ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞǁ ĂƐĂƉŽƐƚĞƌĐŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶĂŶĚƚŚĞǁ ŝŶŶĞƌƐǁ ĞƌĞĂǁ ĂƌĚĞĚĂĐĞƌƟĮ ĐĂƚĞĂŶĚĂƉƌŝǌĞ͘

The two winners of the (joint) ﬁrst price: Leonie Klock: "When one's own thoughts feel ĂůŝĞŶ͗ ŶĞƵƌĂůĐŽƌƌĞůĂƚĞƐŽĨĂŶĂůƚĞƌĞĚĨĞĞůŝŶŐŽĨĂƵƚŚŽƌƐŚŝƉΗ;^ƵƉĞƌǀ ŝƐŽƌƐ͗ D ĂƌƟŶs ŽƐƐͬ Norbert Kathmann) and Hannah Scheibner: "Are you mindful now? Mindfulness Ěŝĸ ĐƵůƟĞƐŝŶďŽƌĚĞƌůŝŶĞƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůŝƚǇĚŝƐŽƌĚĞƌΗ;^ƵƉĞƌǀ ŝƐŽƌƐ͗ &ĞůŝǆĞƌŵƉŽŚůͬ :ŽŚŶ-Dylan , ĂǇŶĞƐͿĂƐǁ ĞůůĂƐƚŚĞƚǁ Žǁ ŝŶŶĞƌƐŽĨƚŚĞ;ũŽŝŶƚͿƐĞĐŽŶĚƉƌŝĐĞ͗ >ƵĐĂ/Ğŵŝ͗ Η^ƉŽŶƚĂŶĞŽƵƐĂůƉŚĂŽƐĐŝůůĂƟŽŶƐĂī ĞĐƚǀ ŝƐƵĂůĚĞƚĞĐƟon ŽŶůǇŝŶĂǇĞƐͬ ŶŽƚĂƐŬΗ;^ƵƉĞƌǀ ŝƐŽƌƐ͗ E ŝŬŽƵƐĐŚͬ &ĞůŝǆůĂŶŬĞŶďƵƌŐͿĂŶĚ>ƵŬĞdƵĚŐĞ͗ ΗdŚĞĞī ĞĐƚŽĨƐĂůŝĞŶĐĞŽŶĚŝƐƚƌĂĐƟŽŶĂŶĚ saccadic control processes" (Supervisors: Torsten Schubert/Stephan Brandt).

8 ALUMNI NEWS

T. Jock Murray, professor emeritus and former Dean of Dalhousie Medical School in , ĂůŝĨĂǆ͕ E Žǀ Ă^ĐŽƟĂ͕ ŚĂƐďĞĞŶĂĚŵŝƩ ĞĚƚŽƚŚĞĂŶĂĚŝĂŶD ĞĚŝĐĂů, ĂůůŽĨ&ĂŵĞŝŶ ϮϭϬϰĨŽƌŚŝƐŝŶŶŽǀ ĂƟǀ Ğǁ ŽƌŬŽŶŵĞĚŝĐĂůŚƵŵĂŶŝƟĞƐ͕ ŵĞĚŝĐĂůĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŵƵůƟƉůĞ sclerosis. He was elected President of the Samuel Johnson Society of Lichﬁeld this year. In November he delivered lectures to the Medical Society of London and the Johnson Society of London. Professor Murray was a Commonwealth Scholar at The E ĂƟŽŶĂů, ŽƐƉŝƚĂůY ƵĞĞŶ^ƋƵĂƌĞŝŶϭϵϲϳ -ϲϴ͕ ĂŶĚĂƐĂďďĂƟĐĂůE Ƶĸ ĞůĚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ Fellow in 1977.

UPCOMING EVENTS

E ĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇϮϬϭϱ͗ ůĞĂĚŝŶŐĞĚŐĞŶĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇĨŽƌƚŚĞƉƌĂĐƟƐŝŶŐĐůŝŶŝĐŝĂŶ- 25-27 March 2015

It is a pleasure to announce this 2nd Annual course, a highlight of the ƌŝƟƐŚE ĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇĐĂůĞŶĚĂƌ͘ dŚĞĐŽƵƌƐĞŝƐĨŽƌĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƐĞŶŝŽƌ ƚƌĂŝŶĞĞƐŝŶŶĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌŶĞƵƌŽƐĐŝĞŶĐĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůƟĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚĂŝŵƐƚŽ ƉƌŽǀ ŝĚĞĂĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀ ĞƵƉĚĂƚĞŽŶƚŚĞƉƌĂĐƟĐĂůŚŽƐƉŝƚĂůŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ of neurological diseases. The half day event on Wednesday 25th March 2015 is open to Clinical Trainees and Research Fellows in Neurology and ĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝƟĞƐ͘ /ƚŝƐĂƉƌĞĐƵƌƐŽƌƚŽƚŚĞĨƵůůĐŽƵƌƐĞ͕ ƚĂŬŝŶŐƉůĂĐĞŽŶ Thursday 26th and Friday 27th March 2015.

Course fees:

Consultant and associate specialists: £190 for 2 days OR £140 per day.

Clinical trainees and research fellows: £130 for 2 days OR £80 per day; £50 for half day on Wednesday only

To book visit ŚƩ Ɖ͗ ͬ ͬ ǁ ǁ ǁ ͘ ƵĐů͘ ĂĐ͘ ƵŬͬ ŝŽŶͬ ĂƌƟĐůĞƐͬ ĐŽƵƌƐĞƐͬ ŶĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇ

9 INTERVIEW WITH PROFESSOR SARAH TABRIZI

Professor Sarah Tabrizi graduated in biochemistry and medicine in Edinburgh, and was awarded the University Prize for Biological Sciences for BSc for highest First class degree, and 9 other prizes at the University of Edinburgh Medical ^ĐŚŽŽůŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƚŚĞ' ŽůĚD ĞĚĂůĨŽƌŵŽƐƚĚŝƐƟŶŐƵŝƐŚĞĚD ŚŐƌĂĚƵĂƚĞĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ, Ğǁ ůĞƩ -WĂĐŬĂƌĚWƌŝǌĞĨŽƌƚŽƉ^ĐŽƫ ƐŚ' ƌĂĚƵĂƚĞ͘ ^ĂƌĂŚŚĂƐǁ ŽƌŬĞĚŽŶ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŝŶƚŽŶĞƵƌŽĚĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƟǀ ĞĚŝƐĞĂƐĞƐƐŝŶĐĞŚĞƌWŚĂƐĂŶD ZĐůŝŶŝĐĂů training fellow at UCL. Sarah was made a UCL Clinical Senior Lecturer and Honorary Consultant Neurologist in 2003, and promoted to Reader in 2007 and Professor in 2009. Since establishing her own independent research group in 2003, she has published over 160 peer-ƌĞǀ ŝĞǁ ĞĚƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƐĞŶŝŽƌ- author papers in high impact journals.

ϭͿĂŶǇŽƵƚĞůůƵƐĂůŝƩ ůĞďŝƚĂďŽƵƚǇŽƵƌďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŚŽǁ ǇŽƵĐĂŵĞƚŽƐƚƵĚǇĂŶĚƚŚĞŶǁ ŽƌŬĂƚh>͍

I completed a degree in Biochemistry before medicine which fostered my interest in basic science. It was clear to me that I ǁ ĂŶƚĞĚƚŽĐŽŵďŝŶĞĐůŝŶŝĐĂůƉƌĂĐƟĐĞĂŶĚƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͕ ŚĞŶĐĞŵǇƵŶĚĞƌƚĂŬŝŶŐŵĞĚŝĐĂůƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐŝŶĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚhŶŝǀ ĞƌƐŝƚǇǁ ŚĞƌĞ/ graduated in 1992. In truth, I always knew I wanted to do neurology even as an undergraduate where neuroanatomy was my favourite pre-clinical subject. I was an SHO on the Hammersmith - Y ƵĞĞŶ^ƋƵĂƌĞƌŽƚĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƐŽĨŽƌƚƵŶĂƚĞĞŶŽƵŐŚƚŽ ǁ ŽƌŬĨŽƌWƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌƐŶŝƚĂ, ĂƌĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂǀ ŝĚD ĂƌƐĚĞŶĂƚƚŚĞE ĂƟŽŶĂů, ŽƐƉŝƚĂůĨŽƌE ĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇĂŶĚE ĞƵƌŽƐƵƌŐĞƌǇ͕ ŝŶϭϵϵϰ͘ They both made an enormous impression on me.

I then undertook an MRC Clinical Training Fellowship PhD at UCL with Professor Tony Schapira, studying mitochondrial ĚǇƐĨƵŶĐƟŽŶŝŶŶĞƵƌŽĚĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ͘ /ŚĂĚďĞĞŶƐĞƚƵƉƚŽĚŽĂWŚǁ ŝƚŚŶŝƚĂ, ĂƌĚŝŶŐ͕ ďƵƚƐŚĞĚŝĞĚŝŶϭϵϵϱƐŽ/ƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌƌĞĚ my PhD to Tony’s group. I have been linked with UCL ever since I began my PhD in 1996.

/ŶϮϬϬϯ/ďĞĐĂŵĞĂƐĞŶŝŽƌůĞĐƚƵƌĞƌĂŶĚƐĞƚƵƉŵǇƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞĂŶĚŵƵůƟĚŝƐĐŝƉůŝŶĂƌǇĐůŝŶŝĐĂůƐĞƌǀ ŝĐĞŝŶ, ƵŶƟŶŐƚŽŶ͛ Ɛ Disease. I was promoted to Reader in 2007 and to full Professor at UCL in 2009.

2) Is there anybody who inspired you during your career?

WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌŶŝƚĂ, ĂƌĚŝŶŐŵĂĚĞĂŶĞŶŽƌŵŽƵƐŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽŶŵĞ͘ ^ŚĞǁ ĂƐĂŶĞĂƌůǇŵĞŶƚŽƌŽĨŵŝŶĞĂŶĚǁ ĂƐǀ ĞƌǇƐƵƉƉŽƌƟǀ Ğ͘ ^ŚĞƌĞĂůůǇǁ ĂƐĂďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚƌŝƟƐŚE ĞƵƌŽůŽŐŝƐƚĂŶĚWƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌŽĨE ĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇ͘ ^ŚĞƌĞĂůůǇĨŽƵŶĚĞĚƚŚĞĮ ĞůĚŽĨŶĞƵƌŽŐĞŶĞƟĐƐĂŶĚ had a great inﬂuence on me. She died of bowel cancer in 1995 and one of the things she did before she died, was to call me ƚŽƚƌǇĂŶĚŚĞůƉŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĞĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀ ĞWŚƉůĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĞ͘ ^ŚĞǁ ĂƐĐŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚĂďŽƵƚƐŽƌƟŶŐŽƵƚŵǇƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞǀ ĞŶƚŚŽƵŐŚƐŚĞ knew that she did not have long to live. She really was an amazing woman. She was dedicated, smart and also great fun and very feisty. I don’t think there has been anyone like her since.

ϯͿzŽƵŚĂǀ ĞďĞĞŶĂƚƚŚĞĨŽƌĞĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƐŽŵĞĞǆĐŝƟŶŐĚŝƐĐŽǀ ĞƌŝĞƐ͕ ĐĂŶǇŽƵƚĞůůŵĞĂďŝƚĂďŽƵƚƐŽŵĞŽĨƚŚĞŵ͍

D ǇƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶĐŽŵƉĂƐƐĞƐďŽƚŚďĂƐŝĐƐĐŝĞŶĐĞĂŶĚƚƌĂŶƐůĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚĐůŝŶŝĐĂůƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͘ /ƚŚŝŶŬŽŶƚŚĞďĂƐŝĐƐĐŝĞŶĐĞƐŝĚĞ͕ ŽƵƌ ďŝŐŐĞƐƚĮ ŶĚŝŶŐƐŚĂǀ ĞďĞĞŶƚŽĮ ƌƐƚĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞƚŚĞƌŽůĞŽĨƚŚĞŝŶŶĂƚĞŝŵŵƵŶĞƐǇƐƚĞŵŝŶƚŚĞƉĂƚŚŽŐĞŶĞƐŝƐŽĨ, ƵŶƟŶŐƚŽŶ͛ Ɛ Disease, which is now recognised as a major disease modifier. We also published the first measure of the mutant ŚƵŶƟŶŐƟŶƉƌŽƚĞŝŶŝŶůŝǀ ŝŶŐŚƵŵĂŶƐĂŶĚĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚĐůĞĂǀ ĂŐĞŽĨƚŚĞƉƌŽƚĞŝŶǁ ŝƚŚƚŚĞĚŝƐĞĂƐĞƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ͘ D Ǉ ǁ ŽƌŬŽŶĐĞůůƵůĂƌŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵŽĨŶĞƵƌŽĚĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶŚĂƐƐŚŽǁ ŶŚŽǁ ŵŝƐĨŽůĚĞĚƉƌŝŽŶƉƌŽƚĞŝŶŝŶƚĞƌƌƵƉƚƐƚŚĞƉƌŽƚĞŽƐƚĂƐŝƐ network and we created a novel cell system to study prion protein misfolding in live cells. We also defined how rapidly misfolded prion protein forms on the cell surface. On the clinical side the biggest impact of my research has been in the study TRACK-, ͘ dŚŝƐŝƐĂŶŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůŵƵůƟ-centre project, with the USA, Canada, Australia and Europe, which I set up

10 INTERVIEW WITH PROFESSOR SARAH TABRIZI and led, and was aimed at characterising and understanding the neurobiology of premanifest and early stage HD gene carriers. This study has really yielded fundamental new insights into the pre-ĐůŝŶŝĐĂůƉŚĂƐĞŽĨŶĞƵƌŽĚĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶŝŶ, ͕ ĂŶĚ ǁ ĞŚĂǀ ĞŝĚĞŶƟĮ ĞĚƉƌĞĚŝĐƚŽƌƐŽĨĚŝƐĞĂƐĞŽŶƐĞƚ͕ ĚŝƐĞĂƐĞƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚŶĞƵƌŽďŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂůĐŚĂŶŐĞƐϮϬǇĞĂƌƐďĞĨŽƌĞƉĞŽƉůĞ show signs of the disease. The measures we developed in TRACK-HD are currently being tested in four worldwide clinical ƚƌŝĂůƐ͘ dŚĞǁ ŽƌŬŝƐŐŽŝŶŐƚŽďĞĞƐƐĞŶƟĂůĨŽƌƚŚĞĚĞǀ ĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞƌĂƉĞƵƟĐƐƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐĂŝŵĞĚĂƚƉƌĞǀ ĞŶƟŶŐŽƌƌĞǀ ĞƌƐŝŶŐ ŶĞƵƌŽĚĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ /ŚŽƉĞ͘

4) Can you tell me about how you came to set up your own research group in 2003?

/ŶϮϬϬϮ/ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůǇĂƉƉůŝĞĚĨŽƌĂĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨ, ĞĂůƚŚE ĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŶŝĐŝĂŶ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ&ĞůůŽǁ ƐŚŝƉĂƚƚŚĞ/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨ E ĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇ͘ dŚŝƐǁ ĂƐƚŽƐƚƵĚǇĐĞůůƵůĂƌƉƌŽƚĞŝŶŵŝƐĨŽůĚŝŶŐŝŶƉƌŝŽŶĚŝƐĞĂƐĞƐĂƐĂŵŽĚĞůŽĨĐĞůůƵůĂƌŶĞƵƌŽĚĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ diseases, working with Charles Weissmann and John Collinge. The fellowship enabled me to set up my own lab and I was then successful in obtaining a number of other independent grants.

ϱͿt ŚĂƚƐƉĞĐŝĮ ĐĂůůǇĂƩ ƌĂĐƚĞĚǇŽƵƚŽǁ ŽƌŬŽŶ, ƵŶƟŶŐƚŽŶ͛ ƐŝƐĞĂƐĞ͍

D ǇŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚŝŶ, ƵŶƟŶŐƚŽŶ͛ ƐŝƐĞĂƐĞƐƚĂƌƚĞĚĚƵƌŝŶŐŵǇWŚĨĞůůŽǁ ƐŚŝƉĂƚh>ƐƚƵĚǇŝŶŐŵŝƚŽĐŚŽŶĚƌŝĂůĚǇƐĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌ Professor Tony Schapira. When Tony took me to a nursing home for people with severe neurological disorders, I met ƉĂƟĞŶƚƐĨŽƌƚŚĞĮ ƌƐƚƟŵĞǁ ŝƚŚĂĚǀ ĂŶĐĞĚ, ƵŶƟŶŐƚŽŶ͛ ƐŝƐĞĂƐĞ͘ ĞƐƉŝƚĞďĞŝŶŐŵƵƚĞĂŶĚƵŶĂďůĞƚŽŵŽǀ Ğ͕ ƚŚĞƐĞƉĂƟĞŶƚƐ͕ ŵŽƐƚŽĨǁ ŚŽŵǁ ĞƌĞŽŶůǇŝŶƚŚĞŝƌϰϬƐ͕ ĐŽƵůĚƐƟůůǀ ĞƌǇŵƵĐŚŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƚǁ ŝƚŚǇŽƵďĞĐĂƵƐĞƚŚĞǇǁ ĞƌĞĂďůĞƚŽƌĞĐŽŐŶŝǌĞƉĞŽƉůĞ ĂŶĚƌĞƚĂŝŶƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ͘ D ǇĐůŝŶŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚŝŶ, ƵŶƟŶŐƚŽŶ͛ ƐŝƐĞĂƐĞƐƚĂƌƚĞĚĂƚƚŚĂƚƟŵĞƚŽŽ͕ ƐŽŽŶĂŌĞƌ/ŵĞƚWƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ ' ŝůůŝĂŶĂƚĞƐĨƌŽŵ<ŝŶŐƐŽůůĞŐĞ͕ ǁ ŚŽŚĂĚũƵƐƚŵĂĚĞƚŚĞĮ ƌƐƚŵŽƵƐĞŵŽĚĞůŽĨ, ƵŶƟŶŐƚŽŶ͛ ƐŝƐĞĂƐĞ͘ ' ŝůůŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞĚŵĞ ŐƌĞĂƚůǇƚŚĞŶĂŶĚǁ ĞĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƚŽǁ ŽƌŬĐůŽƐĞůǇƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌƚŽƚŚŝƐĚĂǇ͘ /Ăŵǀ ĞƌǇƉůĞĂƐĞĚƚŽƐĂǇƚŚĂƚ' ŝůů͕ ǁ ŚŽŝƐĂ&ĞůůŽǁ ŽĨƚŚĞ ZŽǇĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚǇ͕ ŚĂƐũƵƐƚďĞĞŶƌĞĐƌƵŝƚĞĚƚŽh>ƚŽƐĞƚƵƉƚŚĞh>, ƵŶƟŶŐƚŽŶ͛ ƐŝƐĞĂƐĞĞŶƚƌĞǁ ŝƚŚŵĞŚĞƌĞĂƚƚŚĞ/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞ of Neurology. This is a unique and outstanding opportunity for UCL to become one of the best places in the world to try ĂŶĚĮ ŶĚĂŶĞī ĞĐƟǀ ĞƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚĨŽƌ, ƵŶƟŶŐƚŽŶ͛ ƐŝƐĞĂƐĞ͘

6) You have been awarded many prizes and awards over the years, is there one that is extra special?

I think there are three that are of equal importance to me. The MRC Clinical Fellowship in 1996 allowed me to do my PhD. dŚĞĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨ, ĞĂůƚŚE ĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŶŝĐŝĂŶ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ&ĞůůŽǁ ƐŚŝƉŝŶϮϬϬϮŐĂǀ ĞŵĞĂůĂƌŐĞĂŵŽƵŶƚŽĨŵŽŶĞǇĨŽƌϱǇĞĂƌƐĂŶĚ ĞŶĂďůĞĚŵĞƚŽƐĞƚƵƉŵǇŽǁ ŶƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŐƌŽƵƉ͘ &ŝŶĂůůǇ͕ ŵǇĞůĞĐƟŽŶƚŽƚŚĞĐĂĚĞŵǇŽĨD ĞĚŝĐĂů^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐƚŚŝƐǇĞĂƌǁ ĂƐĂ ŐƌĞĂƚŚŽŶŽƵƌ͘ dŚĞĐĂĚĞŵǇŝƐǀ ĞƌǇƚŽƵŐŚƚŽŐĞƚŝŶƚŽĂŶĚƚŽďĞĞůĞĐƚĞĚĨŽƌŵǇĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƚŽŵĞĚŝĐĂůƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŝŶ , ƵŶƟŶŐƚŽŶ͛ ƐŝƐĞĂƐĞŵĞĂŶƚĂůŽƚƚŽŵĞ͘

ϳ ͿzŽƵŚĂǀ ĞƐƵƉĞƌǀ ŝƐĞĚŵĂŶǇWŚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐŽǀ ĞƌƚŚĞǇĞĂƌƐ͕ ĚŽǇŽƵƐƟůůŬĞĞƉŝŶƚŽƵĐŚǁ ŝƚŚƚŚĞŵͬ ĨŽůůŽǁ ƚŚĞŝƌĐĂƌĞĞƌƐ͍

I keep in touch with nearly all my past PhD students and closely follow and support their careers. I am proud to say that all ŵǇƉĂƐƚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐŚĂǀ ĞĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĚǁ ŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞĂůůŽǁ ĞĚƟŵĞ͕ ƐƵďŵŝƩ ĞĚƚŚĞŝƌWŚƐĂŶĚŐŽŶĞŽŶƚŽĞǆĐĞůůĞŶƚƉŽƐƚĚŽĐ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƐ͘ ƌĚǁ ĂƌĚt ŝůĚ͕ ǁ ŚŽǁ ĂƐŵǇĮ ƌƐƚĐůŝŶŝĐĂůĨĞůůŽǁ ͕ ǁ ĂƐƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůŝŶŐĞƫ ŶŐĂŶE /, ZůŝŶŝĐĂů>ĞĐƚƵƌĞƐŚŝƉĂŶĚŚĂƐ ŶŽǁ ƌĞĐĞŶƚůǇŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚĂD ZůŝŶŝĐŝĂŶ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ&ĞůůŽǁ ƐŚŝƉĞŶĂďůŝŶŐŚŝŵƚŽƌĞƚƵƌŶƚŽƚŚĞh>, ƵŶƟŶŐƚŽŶ͛ ƐĚŝƐĞĂƐĞ research group.

8) What do you think makes a good researcher?

/ƚŚŝŶŬĂĐƌĞĂƟǀ ĞĂŶĚĂŶĂůǇƟĐĂůŵŝŶĚŝƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ͘ /ƚŚŝŶŬĞŶƚŚƵƐŝĂƐŵĂŶĚƉĂƐƐŝŽŶĨŽƌǁ ŚĂƚǇŽƵĚŽŝƐĂůƐŽĐƌŝƟĐĂůďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ŽŶĞŐĞƚƐŵĂŶǇŶĞŐĂƟǀ ĞƌĞƐƵůƚƐĂŶĚŽŶĞŚĂƐƚŽƚŚŝŶŬĂďŽƵƚŚŽǁ ƚŽƐŽůǀ ĞƉƌŽďůĞŵƐŝŶƚŚĞůĂďĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞĐůŝŶŝĐ͘ , ĂƌĚǁ ŽƌŬ͕ drive, tenacity are also very important, as is the ability to bounce back when papers or grants are rejected because that happens to everyone!

11 INTERVIEW WITH PROFESSOR SARAH TABRIZI

9) What were your ﬁrst impressions of coming to Queen Square and what does the place mean to you?

Queen Square has an important place in my heart. In fact one of my PhD students, Dr Susie Henley took a photograph of Queen Square and the street sign which I have framed in my office. I had come from Edinburgh in 1993 to do the , ĂŵŵĞƌƐŵŝƚŚͬ Y ƵĞĞŶ^ƋƵĂƌĞ^, KƌŽƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ǁ ŚŝĐŚǁ ĂƐǀ ĞƌǇĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀ Ğ͘ t ŚĞŶ/Ăƌƌŝǀ ĞĚŝŶY ƵĞĞŶ^ƋƵĂƌĞŝŶ&ĞďƌƵĂƌǇϭϵϵϰ it was unlike anywhere else that I had ever worked. I think it is one of the most important neurological and neuroscience ĐĞŶƚƌĞƐŝŶƚŚĞǁ ŽƌůĚ͘ /ƚŝƐƚƌǇŝŶŐƚŽůŝŶŬĐƵƫ ŶŐĞĚŐĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚǁ ŝƚŚƚƌǇŝŶŐƚŽĮ ŶĚƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚƐĨŽƌŵĂŶǇŝŶĐƵƌĂďůĞĚŝƐĞĂƐĞƐ͘ Around the Square there are hundreds of different researchers all working with one aim: to find out more about the brain ĂŶĚŚŽǁ ǁ ĞĐĂŶƚƌĞĂƚŝƚ͘ /ŚĂǀ ĞŚĂĚƐĞǀ ĞƌĂůŽī ĞƌƐĨƌŽŵŽƚŚĞƌhŶŝǀ ĞƌƐŝƟĞƐƚŽŵŽǀ Ğ͕ ďƵƚ/ƚŚŝŶŬǁ ŚĂƚŚĂƐŬĞƉƚŵĞŚĞƌĞŝƐŵǇ ĞŶŽƌŵŽƵƐĨŽŶĚŶĞƐƐĨŽƌY ƵĞĞŶ^ƋƵĂƌĞ͕ ƚŚĞE ĂƟŽŶĂů, ŽƐƉŝƚĂůĂŶĚƚŚĞƉĞŽƉůĞǁ ŚŽǁ ŽƌŬŚĞƌĞ͘ h>ĂŶĚƚŚĞE ĂƟŽŶĂů, ŽƐƉŝƚĂů ĨŽƌE ĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇĂŶĚE ĞƵƌŽƐƵƌŐĞƌǇĂƚY ƵĞĞŶ^ƋƵĂƌĞŵĞĂŶĂŐƌĞĂƚĚĞĂůƚŽŵĞĂŶĚ/ĐĂŶ͛ ƚƚŚŝŶŬŽĨĂďĞƩ ĞƌƉůĂĐĞŝŶƚŚĞǁ ŽƌůĚ ƚŽǁ ŽƌŬƚŽĐŽŵďŝŶĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚǁ ŝƚŚůŽŽŬŝŶŐĂŌĞƌƉĂƟĞŶƚƐ͕ ĂŶĚƚŽƚƌǇĂŶĚĮ ŶĚƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚƐĨŽƌĚŝƐĞĂƐĞƐ͘

10) What do you see as the major challenges facing researchers within your ﬁeld?

/ƚŚŝŶŬĂůůƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŚĂƐĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐďƵƚĐŽŶƟŶƵŝŶŐƚŽ Į ŶĚ ŐƌĂŶƚ ĨƵŶĚŝŶŐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞƐĞ ƟŵĞƐ ŽĨ Į ŶĂŶĐŝĂů ĐŽŶƐƚƌĂŝŶƚŝƐƚŽƵŐŚ͘ /ƐƉĞŶĚĂůŽƚŽĨŵǇƟŵĞǁ ƌŝƟŶŐ ŐƌĂŶƚƐ͕ ƐƵďŵŝƫ ŶŐŐƌĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƌĞǀ ŝĞǁ ŝŶŐŐƌĂŶƚƐĂŶĚ/ think that is probably the biggest challenge; keeping a large research group funded. I also ﬁnd juggling the busy and demanding NHS clinical service with a successful research career very challenging. It is really important to ﬁnd the right balance.

ϭϭͿŽǇŽƵƚŚŝŶŬŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐĨŽƌǁ ŽŵĞŶŝŶƐĐŝĞŶĐĞĂŶĚŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞŚĂǀ ĞĐŚĂŶŐĞĚƐŝŶĐĞǇŽƵƐƚĂƌƚĞĚǇŽƵƌĐĂƌĞĞƌ͍

Yes I do. I have never been fazed by the rhetoric around gender and science. I have never had to fly the woman flag, because I have never actually suffered from misogyny at work. In the 1990s and the 2000s I worked in a very male ĚŽŵŝŶĂƚĞĚĮ ĞůĚ͕ ĂŶĚƐƟůůĚŽ͕ ŚŽǁ Ğǀ ĞƌƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŶŽǁ ŵĂŶǇŵŽƌĞĨĞŵĂůĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂŶĚƐĐŚĞŵĞƐůŝŬĞƐƚŚĞŶĂ^t E ĂƌĞ ĂĐƟǀ ĞůǇƚƌǇŝŶŐƚŽŵĂŬĞƐƵƌĞƚŚĂƚǁ ŽŵĞŶĐĂŶďĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůŝŶƐĐŝĞŶĐĞĂŶĚŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ͘ /ƐƟůůƚŚŝŶŬƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐĨŽƌ ǁ ŽŵĞŶŝŶƐĐŝĞŶĐĞĂŶĚŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇ͕ ƐƵĐŚĂƐƚƌǇŝŶŐƚŽĐŽŵďŝŶĞĂĨĂŵŝůǇǁ ŝƚŚĂůĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌǇĐĂƌĞĞƌ͕ ďƵƚďĂƌƌŝĞƌƐĂƌĞ being broken down and Athena SWAN and similar schemes are important in this respect. Women in science and medicine ĂƌĞŶŽǁ ďĞŝŶŐĂĐŬŶŽǁ ůĞĚŐĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞŝƌƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĞƐ͕ ĂƐĞǀ ŝĚĞŶĐĞĚďǇƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨĞůĞĐƟŽŶƐŽĨĨĞŵĂůĞĨĞůůŽǁ ƐƚŽƚŚĞ ĐĂĚĞŵǇŽĨD ĞĚŝĐĂů^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐĂŶĚZŽǇĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚǇŽǀ ĞƌƌĞĐĞŶƚǇĞĂƌƐ͘ ^Ž/ƚŚŝŶŬƚŚĂƚƚŚĞŚƵŐĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƚŚĂƚǁ ŽŵĞŶŵĂŬĞ is increasingly being recognised.

12 The “Interview” with the Editor

ƌŚĂƌůĞƐůĂƌŬĞŝƐĂŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚE ĞƵƌŽůŽŐŝƐƚĂŶĚŚĂƐŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐŝŶŚŝŐŚĂůƟƚƵĚĞ medicine and cold injury.

, ĞŚĂƐďĞĞŶŝŶĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐŝŶĐĞϭϵϳ ϵ͕ ŝŶŝƟĂůůǇĂƚ^ƚĂƌƚŚŽůŽŵĞǁ ͛ Ɛ, ŽƐƉŝƚĂů͕ >ŽŶĚŽŶǁ ŚĞƌĞŚĞďĞĐĂŵĞůŝŶŝĐĂůŝƌĞĐƚŽƌŽĨE ĞƵƌŽƐĐŝĞŶĐĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚůĂƚĞƌĂƚƚŚĞE ĂƟŽŶĂů Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London where he is an Honorary Consultant Neurologist. He worked at Whipps Cross Hospital from 1981 and ĞĂƌůŝĞƌĂƚĂƐŝůĚŽŶĂŶĚK ƌƐĞƩ , ŽƐƉŝƚĂůƐ͘ , ĞƌĞƟƌĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞE , ^ŝŶϮϬϬϲďƵƚƌĞŵĂŝŶƐ ŝŶĂĐƟǀ ĞĐůŝŶŝĐĂůƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͘

ĂŶǇŽƵƚĞůůŵĞĂďŽƵƚǇŽƵƌĨŽƌŵĂƟǀ ĞǇĞĂƌƐĂŶĚǁ ŚǇǇŽƵĐŚŽƐĞŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ͍

D ǇĨĂƚŚĞƌWƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ^ŝƌǇƌŝůůĂƌŬĞǁ ĂƐĂǀ ĞƌǇǁ ĞůůŬŶŽǁ ŶƉŚǇƐŝĐŝĂŶͬ ŐĞŶĞƟĐŝƐƚǁ ŚŽ͕ ĂůŽŶŐǁ ŝƚŚŵǇŵŽƚŚĞƌ͕ ĚŝƐĐŽǀ ĞƌĞĚƚŚĞ ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉƌĞǀ ĞŶƟŽŶŽĨZŚĞƐƵƐŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƟďŝůŝƚǇ͘ He became President of the Royal College of Physicians so I came ĨƌŽŵĂǀ ĞƌǇŵĞĚŝĐĂůƐƚĂďůĞ͘ /ŶĞǀ Ğƌǁ ĂŶƚĞĚƚŽďĞĂĚŽĐƚŽƌ͕ /ůŝŬĞĚǁ ƌŝƟŶŐĂŶĚƚƌĂǀ ĞůůŝŶŐĂŶĚĐůŝŵďŝŶŐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĂŐĞŽĨϭϱ͕ ďƵt my father said that “well I think you ought to do something serious” and so I undertook medicine, rather somewhat ƵŶǁ ŝůůŝŶŐůǇ͘ /ŶŵǇĨŽƌŵĂƟǀ ĞǇĞĂƌƐ͕ ŵǇƚĞĞŶƐ͕ /ǁ ŝƐŚĞĚƚŽďĞĂĐůŝŵďĞƌ͘ dŚĂƚŝƐǁ ŚĂƚ/ǁ ĂŶƚĞĚƚŽĚŽ͘ /ŚĂĚĂůůƐŽƌƚƐŽĨƉůĂŶƐ to ŐŽĂůůŽǀ ĞƌƚŚĞƉůĂĐĞ͕ ŵĂŶǇŽĨǁ ŚŝĐŚĐĂŵĞƚŽĨƌƵŝƟŽŶŝŶĚƵĞĐŽƵƌƐĞ͘

dǁ ŽƚŚŝŶŐƐŚĂƉƉĞŶĞĚ͖ /ǁ ĞŶƚĨƌŽŵĂŵďƌŝĚŐĞhŶŝǀ ĞƌƐŝƚǇƚŽ' ƵǇΖƐ, ŽƐƉŝƚĂůĂŶĚ/ƚŚĞŶďĞĐĂŵĞŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚĞĚŝŶŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞĂŌĞƌ/ qualiﬁed. I worked in neurology at Guys with Dr Ian McKenzie and Dr M. J. McCardle who was a well known, if eccentric, ŶĞƵƌŽůŽŐŝƐƚ͘ /ůŝŬĞĚƚŚĞǁ ĂǇƚŚĞǇĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞĚůŝĨĞĂŶĚƚŚĂƚůĞĚŵĞŝŶƚŽŶĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇ͘ ƚƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƟŵĞŵǇĐůŝŵďŝŶŐĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚ͘

/ǁ ĂƐŶŽǁ ϮϱŽƌƐŽ͘ /ŚĂĚůĞĚĂĐŽƵƉůĞŽĨ, ŝŵĂůĂǇĂŶĞǆƉĞĚŝƟŽŶƐ͕ /ŚĂĚĚƌŝǀ ĞŶƚŽ/ŶĚŝĂĨƌŽŵĂŵďƌŝĚŐĞ͕ ďĞĞŶŝŶƚŚĞůƉƐĞĂĐŚ ƐƵŵŵĞƌ͕ ďƵƚ/ƌĞĂůŝƐĞĚ/ǁ ĂƐŶŽƚĐƵƫ ŶŐĞĚŐĞŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů͘ /ǁ ĂƐƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůůǇƉĞƌĨĞĐƚůǇĂďůĞƚŽĚŽƚŚĞƐĞƚŚŝŶŐƐďƵƚ/ĚŝĚŶŽƚǁ ĂŶƚ to get killed and I could not handle the very high risk, but I loved climbing.

/ŶƚŚĞϭϵϳ Ϭ͛ Ɛ͕ ĂůƟƚƵĚĞŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞǁ ĂƐƚĂŬŝŶŐŽī ĂŶĚ/ǁ ĂƐǁ ĞůůƉůĂĐĞĚƚŽŐŽĂƐƚŚĞĚŽĐƚŽƌŽŶĂŵĂũŽƌĞǆƉĞĚŝƟŽŶ͘ /ůŝŶŬĞĚƵƉ ǁ ŝƚŚŚƌŝƐŽŶŶŝŶŐƚŽŶ;ƌŝƟƐŚŵŽƵŶƚĂŝŶĞĞƌͿǁ ŚŽŝŶǀ ŝƚĞĚŵĞ͕ ŝŶϭϵϳ ϱ͕ ƚŽŐŽŽŶĂŚŝŐŚƉƌŽĮ ůĞĞǆƉĞĚŝƟŽŶƚŽǀ ĞƌĞƐƚ͘ dŚĂƚ ƐƚĂƌƚĞĚŽī ĂƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƚŚĂƚŚĂƐĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚƚŽƚŚŝƐĚĂǇ͕ ŽĨďĞŝŶŐƚŚĞĚŽĐƚŽƌ͕ ƚŚĞŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĞƌ͕ ĂŶĚĐůŝŵďŝŶŐŝŶĂŵƵĐŚŵŽƌĞ modest way, so that suited me very well.

/ŶŶĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇ/ĨŽƵŶĚ/ĚŝĚŶŽƚůŝŬĞƚŚĞĞŵĞƌŐŝŶŐƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝƟĞƐŽĨŶĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇ͘ &ŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞ/ĐŽƵůĚŶŽƚƚŚŝŶŬŽĨĂŶǇƚŚŝŶŐǁ ŽƌƐĞ ƚŚĂŶĚŽŝŶŐĂĐůŝŶŝĐǁ ŚĞƌĞ/ǁ ŽƵůĚƐĞĞƚǁ ĞŶƚǇƉĂƟĞŶƚƐĂůůǁ ŝƚŚWĂƌŬŝŶƐŽŶ͛ ƐŝƐĞĂƐĞ͘ /ǁ ŽƵůĚĨĂƌƌĂƚŚĞƌůŝŬĞƚŽĚŽĂĐůŝŶŝĐǁ Śere I do not know what is behind the other side of the door. It must be something like being a divorce lawyer in that you hear the ƐĂŵĞƐƚŽƌŝĞƐƟŵĞĂŶĚƟŵĞĂŐĂŝŶ͘ ^Ž/ƉƵƌƉŽƐĞĨƵůůǇĚŝĚŐĞŶĞƌĂůŶĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇ͘ /ŚĂĚĂŐĞŶĞƌĂůŶĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇũŽďŝŶĂƌƚƐĂŶĚ Basildon, Brentwood, Billericay, Oldchurch and elsewhere. I almost lived in my car for two or three years and then consolidated my sessions at Barts and Whipps Cross.

Then, when neurology at Barts wound up in the 1990’s, with all the changes of which I disapproved of greatly, I was able to move to Queen Square. That gave me a most enjoyable way of ending my days as a consultant. I was not interested in ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇ͘ /ůŝŬĞĚƚŽĚŽƉƌĂĐƟĐĂůŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞĂŶĚ/ƐƟůůĚŽ͘ /ǁ ĂƐƉĞƌŚĂƉƐƉƌĞũƵĚŝĐĞĚĂŐĂŝŶƐƚƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͖ ďŽƚŚŽĨŵǇ ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐĚŝĚƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂůůŽĨƚŚĞƟŵĞ͕ ĂŶĚƚŚĞŚŽƵƐĞǁ ĂƐĨƵůůŽĨƉĂƉĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞǇǁ ĞƌĞǁ ƌŝƟŶŐĂŶĚďŽŽŬƐ͕ ƐŽƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞǁ ĂƐŶŽt a single room that was not occupied by mum and dad’s research. I wanted a rather more sociable life and to enjoy the good things in life.

13 The “Interview” with the Editor

Has anyone inspired you during your career?

I do not think I have ever been to a lecture that inspired me in neurology or medicine. I have rarely come out of a lecture ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐΖ' ŽĚƚŚĂƚǁ ĂƐĨĂŶƚĂƐƟĐΖ͘ ŶĚ/ŚĂǀ ĞŶĞǀ ĞƌďĞĞŶƚŽĂŵĞĚŝĐĂůĐŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞǁ ŚĞƌĞƚŚĂƚŝƐƚŚĞĐĂƐĞ- usually they have just been a jamboree. But I was certainly inspired by McArdle and McKenzie at Guy’s as I liked the way they handled things. They ĚŝĚƐŽŝŶƚǁ ŽĞŶƟƌĞůǇĚŝī ĞƌĞŶƚǁ ĂǇƐ͘ D Đ<ĞŶǌŝĞǁ ĂƐŝŶƌĞƚƌŽƐƉĞĐƚƉŽƐƐŝďůǇƐůŝŐŚƚůǇŝĚůĞ͕ ĂŶĚĐĞƌƚĂŝŶůǇĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐĂů͖ ŚĞǁ ŽƵůĚ listen to what was going on and say “yes let’s do that”. Remember, that was in the days before CT, in the early 1970s. McArdle ǁ ŽƵůĚƚĂŬĞĂƉĂƌƚĞǀ ĞƌǇǁ ŽƌĚ͖ ĂŶĚǁ ŽƵůĚĂƌƌŝǀ Ğƚǁ ŽŚŽƵƌƐůĂƚĞĨŽƌǁ ĂƌĚƌŽƵŶĚƐ͘ , Ğǁ ŽƵůĚƚĂŬĞĂŶŚŽƵƌĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƉĂƟĞŶƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞǀ ŝďƌĂƟŽŶƐĞŶƐĞŝŶĞǀ ĞƌǇĚŝŐŝƚ͘ /ƌĞŵĞŵďĞƌŽŶĞǁ ŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶ͕ ƚŚĂƚǁ Ğǁ ĞƌĞŝŶƚŚĞƐŝƐƚĞƌΖƐŽĸ ĐĞĂŶĚŚĞƐĂŝĚ ͞ ƐŝƐƚĞƌ͕ ŝƐƚŚĂƚĂŐŝŶďŽƩ ůĞ͍ ͟ ĂŶĚƐŚĞƐĂŝĚ͞ Ğƌƌ͕ ǇĞƐ͟ ͕ ĂŶĚŚĞƌĞƉůŝĞĚ͞ ůĞƚ͛ ƐŚĂǀ ĞƐŽŵĞ͊ ͟ ͘ t ĞƉƌŽĐĞĞĚĞĚƚŽƐǁ ŝŐĚŽǁ ŶƐŽŵĞŐŝn ďĞĨŽƌĞƚŚĞǁ ĂƌĚƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŚĞƚŚĞŶĞǆĂŵŝŶĞĚƉĂƟĞŶƚƐ͘ , ĞŚĂĚĂĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĐŚĂƌŵĂŶĚŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶĂůůǇǁ ŽƵůĚĮ ƐŚŽƵƚĞǆƚƌĂŽƌĚŝŶĂƌǇ diagnoses.

I had choices of either going into cardiology or paediatrics, and I loved paediatrics but I saw the way the wind was blowing and ƚŚĂƚŵŽƌĞĂŶĚŵŽƌĞŽŶĞǁ ĂƐŐŽŝŶŐƚŽďĞƵƉĂůůŶŝŐŚƚƉƵƫ ŶŐĚƌŝƉƐŝŶƚŽďĂďŝĞƐĂƐƐƚĂĸ ŶŐůĞǀ ĞůƐĐŚĂŶŐĞĚ͘ dŚĂƚĚŝĚŶŽƚĂƉƉĞĂů to me. With cardiology I found I could do procedures as an SHO that my bosses could not do. I thought, 'this is going to happen to me if I become a consultant and I am not going to be able to put in this new type of catheter or pacemaker or ƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐ͘ ΖdŚŽƐĞǁ ĞƌĞƚŚĞĚĂǇƐŝŶƚŚĞĞĂƌůǇϳ Ϭ͛ ƐŽĨƚŚĞďĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐŽĨƉĂĐĞŵĂŬĞƌƐĂŶĚĐĂƚŚĞƚĞƌŝƐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƚŚĂƚƐŽƌƚŽĨƚŚŝŶŐ͕ not quite the beginning but the early days and it was developing at a very rapid rate. So neurology came into my life, and I ŚĂǀ ĞŶĞǀ ĞƌƌĞŐƌĞƩ ĞĚŝƚ͘

ĂŶǇŽƵƚĞůůŵĞŵŽƌĞĂďŽƵƚǇŽƵƌǁ ŽƌŬǁ ŝƚŚƚŚĞƌŝƟƐŚD ŽƵŶƚĂŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐŽƵŶĐŝůĂŶĚŚŽǁ ƚŚŝƐĐĂŵĞĂďŽƵƚ͍

/ŚĂǀ ĞĂůǁ ĂǇƐďĞĞŶŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚĞĚŝŶŶĂƟŽŶĂůŐŽǀ ĞƌŶŝŶŐďŽĚŝĞƐ͕ ĨŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞƚŚĞZŽǇĂůŽůůĞŐĞŽĨWŚǇƐŝĐŝĂŶƐĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝƟƐŚ D ŽƵŶƚĂŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐŽƵŶĐŝů;D ͿĂŶĚƚŚĞD ŽƵŶƚǀ ĞƌĞƐƚĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶ͕ ǁ ŚŝĐŚŝƐĂŐƌĂŶƚŐŝǀ ŝŶŐďŽĚǇ͕ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ/ƚŚŝŶŬƚŚĞǇĂƌĞǀ ĞƌǇ important and they are something that this country does very well on the whole. dŚĞD ŝƐĂďŝŐŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶǁ ŝƚŚϳ Ϭ͕ ϬϬϬŵĞŵďĞƌƐĂŶĚ/ǁ ĂƐŝƚƐƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚĨŽƌƚŚƌĞĞǇĞĂƌƐ͘ /ĚŝĚŶŽƚǁ ŽƌŬƚŚĞƌĞĞǀ ĞƌǇĚĂǇ͕ /Ěid ĐŚĂŝƌĐŽŵŵŝƩ ĞĞƐĂŶĚŵĂŬĞĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐĂŶĚƚŚĂƚƐŽƌƚŽĨƚŚŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚŐŽƚŽǁ ĞĞŬĞŶĚĐůŝŵďŝŶŐŵĞĞƟŶŐƐĂŶĚŐĞŶĞƌĂůůǇůĞĂƌŶĂďŽƵƚ ŚŽǁ ƚŚĞĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽĨŵŽƵŶƚĂŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐǁ ĂƐĚĞǀ ĞůŽƉŝŶŐ͘ dŚŝƐǁ ĂƐǀ ĞƌǇŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐďĞĐĂƵƐĞƚŚĞD ǁ ĂƐĂůǁ ĂǇƐƐŝŶŐůĞĚŽƵƚ ĂƐĂŵŽĚĞůŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶǁ ŝƚŚĂŵĂƚĞƵƌƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůƐŐĞƫ ŶŐƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ- it did not have any gender bias, it was very careful about its class structure and allowed mountaineering to develop in this country.

/ĂŵĂůƐŽŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚĞĚŝŶƉƌŽƉĞƌĐŚĂƌŝƟĞƐǁ ŚĞƌĞǇŽƵĚŽŶŽƚŐĞƚƉĂŝĚ͊ /ƚŝƌƌŝƚĂƚĞƐŵĞďĞǇŽŶĚĂůůŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƚŽƐĞĞŵĂŶǇŽĨƚŚĞƐĞ ŵĞĚŝĐĂůĐŚĂƌŝƟĞƐŚĂǀ ĞĐŚŝĞĨĞǆĞĐƵƟǀ ĞƐǁ ŚŽĞĂƌŶǀ ĞƌǇůĂƌŐĞƐĂůĂƌŝĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŝƐƚŚĂƚǇŽƵǁ ŝůůŶŽƚŐĞƚƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚƉĞŽƉle ŝĨǇŽƵĚŽŶŽƚƉĂǇĂůĂƌŐĞĂŵŽƵŶƚŽĨŵŽŶĞǇ͘ t Ğůů͕ ǇŽƵĐĂŶƌƵŶĐŚĂƌŝƟĞƐŽŶĂƐŚŽĞƐƚƌŝŶŐǁ ŝƚŚŐŽŽĚǁ ŝůů͕ ĂŶĚ/ďĞůŝĞǀ Ğǁ ŝƚŚ ƵŶƉĂŝĚƐƚĂī ͘ ^Ž/ƚŚŝŶŬŝƚŝƐĂǁ ĂǇŝŶǁ ŚŝĐŚǁ ĞŚĂǀ ĞŐŽŶĞǁ ƌŽŶŐ͘ dŚĞD ŽƵŶƚǀ ĞƌĞƐƚ&ŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶŝƐƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚŐƌĂŶƚŐŝǀ ŝŶŐďŽdy ĨŽƌŵŽƵŶƚĂŝŶĞĞƌƐ͛ ĂŶĚŵŽƵŶƚĂŝŶĞǆƉůŽƌĂƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞǁ ŽƌůĚ͕ ŶŽďŽĚǇŐĞƚƐƉĂŝĚƚŽĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚĞƌƚŚŝƐ͊ /ǁ ĂƐĂůƐŽĐŚĂŝƌŵĂŶŽĨƚŚŝƐ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶĂĐŽƵƉůĞŽĨƟŵĞƐ͘ dŚŝƐǁ ĂƐƐĞƚƵƉĂŌĞƌƚŚĞĮ ƌƐƚĂƐĐĞŶƚŽĨǀ ĞƌĞƐƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƉƌŽĮ ƚƐŽĨƚŚĂƚĞǆƉĞĚŝƟŽŶĂŶĚŐŝǀ es ůŝƩ ůĞŐƌĂŶƚƐƚŽƉĞŽƉůĞǁ ŚŽǁ ĂŶƚƚŽŐĂƚŚĞƌƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌĂŶĚŐŽŽī ŝŶƚŽƚŚĞǁ ŝůĚƐ͘ D ŽƵŶƚĂŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐŚĂƐĂůŽƚŽĨƐĂĨĞƚǇĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ ďƵƚŶŽƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐ͘ /ĨǇŽƵŐŽƌŽĐŬĐůŝŵďŝŶŐŝŶƌŝƚĂŝŶǇŽƵĚŽŶŽƚŚĂǀ ĞƚŽĮ ůůŝŶĂĨŽƌŵŽƌƐŚŽǁ ƚŚĂƚǇŽƵĂƌĞĐŽŵƉĞƚĞŶƚ͕ ǇŽƵjust go, which I think is wonderful. There are no signs at the top of the cliff saying do not fall down here. If you go off to the Himalayas, it is a courtesy to let the embassy in Afghanistan know, but no more. You do not have to qualify and I think that is ǁ ŽŶĚĞƌĨƵů͘ dŚĞŽƚŚĞƌƐŝĚĞŽĨƚŚĂƚĐŽŝŶŝƐŽĨĐŽƵƌƐĞƚŚĂƚŝƚŝƐĞǆĐĞĞĚŝŶŐůǇĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐ͘ dŚĞŵŽƌƚĂůŝƚǇŽŶďŝŐĞǆƉĞĚŝƟŽŶƐŝƐůŝŬe war Žƌǁ ŽƌƐĞƚŚĂŶǁ ĂƌƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐ͘ D ŽƌƚĂůŝƚǇŽŶϳ ͕ ϬϬϬŵĞƚƌĞƉĞĂŬƐĂŵŽŶŐĞůŝƚĞĐůŝŵďĞƌƐŝƐϱй ͕ ϭŝŶϮϬ͘ &ŽƌĂƌĞĐĞŶƚůĞĐƚƵƌĞ͕ ŽĨƚŚĞ ĨŽƵƌďŝŐĞǆƉĞĚŝƟŽŶƐƚŽƉĞĂŬƐŽǀ Ğƌϳ ͕ ϬϬϬŵĞƚƌĞƐƚŚĂƚ/ůŽŽŬĞĚĂƚ͕ ŽĨϮϴĞůŝƚĞĐůŝŵďĞƌƐ͕ ϳ ĂƌĞĚĞĂĚ͘ ^ŽŝƚŝƐϮϱй ŵŽƌƚĂůŝƚǇ͊ dhey ĚŝĞĚĐůŝŵďŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚŶŽƚďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨĂůƟƚƵĚĞŽƌŵĞĚŝĐĂůƉƌŽďůĞŵƐďƵƚďĞĐĂƵƐĞƚŚĞǇĚŝĞĚŝŶĂĐĐŝĚĞŶƚƐ͘ D ŽƵŶƚĂŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐŚĂƐĂůŽƚ of difficulty in that area and people do not like talking about it. The spin off of death is not really about the person who has ďĞĞŶŬŝůůĞĚďƵƚƚŚĞĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞĚŝƐƌƵƉƟŽŶƚŚĂƚŝƚĐĂƵƐĞƐŝƐǀ ĞƌǇůŽŶŐůĂƐƟŶŐ͘ dŚĞƌĞŝƐŶŽĂŶƐǁ ĞƌďƵƚǇŽƵũƵƐƚŚĂǀ ĞƚŽbe aware of it. I am rather glad that my two daughters do not climb.

14 The “Interview” with the Editor t ŚĂƚĚŽǇŽƵĚŽŽŶĂŶĞǆƉĞĚŝƟŽŶǁ ŚĞŶƐŽŵĞŽŶĞĚŽĞƐĚŝĞ͍

/ƚǀ ĂƌŝĞƐ͘ /ŚĂǀ ĞďĞĞŶŽŶƚǁ ŽĞǆƉĞĚŝƟŽŶƐǁ ŚĞƌĞƉĞŽƉůĞĚŝĞĚ͘ /Ŷϭϵϳ ϱŵǇĨƌŝĞŶĚD ŝĐŬƵƌŬĞĚŝĞĚŐŽŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞƐƵŵŵŝƚŽĨ Everest; we had climbed the mountain, so we brought that bad news home.

On the other occasion on Everest in 1982, we ran out of steam. We were only six people. Peter Boardman and Joe Tasker went oﬀ to try to reach the summit and never came back. We could not tell anyone for ages and of course there was no ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ͘ /ƐƟůůĨĞĞůĂĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶŽĨƐƵƌǀ ŝǀ ŽƌΖƐŐƵŝůƚ͕ ĂŶĚĂĚĞŐƌĞĞŽĨƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ͘

In the 1960’s it was almost impossible to make a telephone call from India or Nepal. You had to book it! Even in the 1970’s you could not just dial. It was only recently that we had satellite phones. The last trip I went on in 2011 we were out of contact for a month and friends and family found that very peculiar.

What is your proudest achievement?

My major project as it were was ‘Neurology: A Queen Square Textbook’. The background to this project is that we produced something similar at Barts and it was very successful. I was a contributor, and Parveen Kumar and a gastroenterologist called Mike Clark got many staff at Barts to ǁ ƌŝƚĞƐĞĐƟŽŶƐ͕ ĞĚŝƟŶŐǁ ŚĂƚŝƐĂǀ ĞƌǇŐŽŽĚŵĞĚŝĐĂůƚĞǆƚďŽŽŬ͘ /ƚŝƐƚŚĞďĞƐƚƐĞůůŝŶŐ clinical medicine textbook in the world, and I thought there was a very good opportunity for the same sort of thing at Queen Square. I arrived in 1996, and the first thing I tried to do, which was a complete failure, was to put together, not really a ǁ ĞďƐŝƚĞ͕ ĂƐǁ ĞďƐŝƚĞƐĚŝĚŶŽƚƌĞĂůůǇĞǆŝƐƚƚŚĞŶ͕ ďƵƚĂŶŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŚĂƚŝĨǇŽƵ ůŽŽŬĞĚƵƉƚŚĞE ĂƟŽŶĂů, ŽƐƉŝƚĂůǇŽƵĐŽƵůĚĮ ŶĚƚŚĞ, ĞĂĚĂĐŚĞĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ͕ ' ĞŶĞƟĐƐ etc. It would be like the NIH or any of the major American hospital websites where ǇŽƵŐĞƚĂŶŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƐŽƵƌĐĞĂŶĚŶĞƚǁ ŽƌŬ͘ D ǇƉůĂŶǁ ĂƐƚŽĚŽƚŚŝƐďǇƚĞůĞƉŚŽŶĞ͕ ǁ ŝƚŚĂƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝƐƚŶƵƌƐĞŚĂŶĚůŝŶŐŝƚĂůů͕ ďƵƚŶŽďŽĚǇƚŚŽƵŐŚƚŝƚǁ ĂƐĂĨƌŝŐŚƞƵůůǇŐŽŽĚ ŝĚĞĂ͘ /ƚǁ ĂƐĂŶŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶƚŽŚŽǁ Ěŝĸ ĐƵůƚŝƚǁ ĂƐŐŽŝŶŐƚŽďĞƚŽǁ ƌŝƚĞŽƌƉƵƚƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ĂƚĞǆƚďŽŽŬǁ ŝƚŚƚŚĞƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůŝƟĞƐĂƚƚŚĞE ĂƟŽŶĂů͘ /ŐŽƚĂƉŝĞĐĞŽĨƉĂƉĞƌĂŶĚǁ ƌŽƚĞ down chapter headings and went to Blackwells the publisher with this and sounded out colleagues. Robin Howard had been a colleague of mine at Barts and he was always very helpful. Although we did not know each other terribly well we always got on and so I asked him if he would like to do it. So that was one clinician, and then we looked around for academics so that it would be a joint IoN and NHNN ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͕ ĂŶĚ^ŝŵŽŶ^ŚŽƌǀ ŽŶǁ ĂƐǀ ĞƌǇƐƵƉƉŽƌƟǀ Ğ͕ ĂŶĚŽĨĐŽƵƌƐĞŚĞŝƐĂŐƌĞĂƚǁ ƌŝƚĞƌ͘ /ƚǁ ĂƐŚĞůƉĨƵůƚŚĂƚ/ŚĂĚĂŶŽĸ ĐĞŝŶ D ĂƌƟŶZŽƐƐŽƌ͛ ƐĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŝŶϴ-11 Queen Square, and he also became an editor. In the mid 2000’s we had the framework and a list of chapters and now just had to get people to write the content. Many were not sure with other commitments and so on, but gradually, with a lot of bullying and persuading, it came together. We think, and the reviewers think, that it is a very good textbook and it has done something. This was achieved with some difficulty because the nature of neurologists and doctors is that they are exceedingly independent and do not like to be told what to do, and all think they can write and ŵŽƐƚĐĂŶŶŽƚ͘ /ƚĐĂŵĞƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌŝŶϮϬϬϴĂŶĚƚŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚĞĚŝƟŽŶŝƐŵĂŬŝŶŐŵǇŚĂŝƌŐŽĞǀ ĞŶŐƌĞǇĞƌ͊

My other proudest achievement is being able to combine medicine with a passion, and be tolerably good at both. I think that medicine is a ﬁeld where one could do that. I do not think you could do it now, but could when I started out. zŽƵŚĂǀ ĞďĞĞŶŝŶǀ Žůǀ ĞĚŝŶŵĞĚŝĐĂůĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĨŽƌŵĂŶǇǇĞĂƌƐ͕ ǁ ŚĂƚĚŽǇŽƵƚŚŝŶŬŵĂŬĞƐĂŐŽŽĚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌŝŶĂĐůŝŶŝĐĂů ƐĞƫ ŶŐ͍

/ĚŽŶŽƚŬŶŽǁ ǁ ŚĞƚŚĞƌ/ǁ ĂƐĂŐŽŽĚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌďƵƚǇŽƵŚĂǀ ĞŐŽƚƚŽďĞĞŶƚŚƵƐŝĂƐƟĐ͕ ĞŶŐĂŐĞ͕ ďĞŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĞĚĂŶĚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞƌĞŝƐŶŽƌŽŽŵĨŽƌďĞŝŶŐĂŶĞǆŚŝďŝƟŽŶŝƐƚǁ ŝƚŚŽƵƚďĞŝŶŐŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĞĚ͘ /ŐŽƚƌĂƚŚĞƌĨĞĚƵƉǁ ŝƚŚƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐĂĐƚƵĂůůǇďĞĐĂƵƐĞ/ found that the age gap is quite difficult to handle. When you are forty and you are teaching people of twenty you ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚǁ ŚĞƌĞƚŚĞǇĂƌĞĐŽŵŝŶŐĨƌŽŵ͘ t ŚĞŶŝƚŝƐƐĞǀ ĞŶƚǇĂŶĚǇŽƵĂƌĞƚĂůŬŝŶŐƚŽƐŽŵĞŽŶĞǁ ŚŽŝƐƚǁ ĞŶƚǇ͕ Į ŌǇǇĞĂƌƐ younger you are talking a different language and I think that makes it very difficult, and I think that is why I got rather bored ŽĨƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐ͘ /ƵƐĞĚƚŽĚŽĐŽƵƌƐĞƐĨŽƌ' ĞŶĞƌĂůWƌĂĐƟƟŽŶĞƌƐǁ ŚĞŶ/ǁ ŽƌŬĞĚĂƚY ƵĞĞŶ^ƋƵĂƌĞĂŶĚƚŚĂƚǁ ĂƐŐŽŽĚ͕ ĞŶƚĞƌƚĂŝŶŝŶŐ and very clinical and I think well received. 15 The “Interview” with the Editor

Do you have any regrets as regards your career? dŚĞƚŚŝŶŐƐ/ŚĂǀ ĞĨĂŝůĞĚŝŶŝƐƚŚĂƚ/ǁ ĂŶƚĞĚƚŽďĞƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞZŽǇĂůŽůůĞŐĞŽĨWŚǇƐŝĐŝĂŶƐĂŶĚ/ƐƉĞŶƚĂůŽƚŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚ energy on this and never got anywhere, and I think I did not appreciate how medicine has changed. It has become very ďƵƌĞĂƵĐƌĂƟĐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉĞŽƉůĞǁ ŚŽƐƵĐĐĞĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶƐĂƌĞŶŽƚƌĞďĞůƐĂŶĚ/Ăŵ͊ /ǁ ŽƵůĚƚŚƌŽǁ ŽƵƚƚŚĞǁ ŚŽůĞ purchaser provider system straight away if I had my way as I think it is dreadful.

But I just did not listen to the music that was playing.

I also wanted to become master of a Cambridge College and again I did not really listen. I spent a lot of energy trying to say ƚŚĂƚ/ǁ ŽƵůĚďĞŐŽŽĚĂŶĚ/ƚŚŝŶŬ/ǁ ŽƵůĚŚĂǀ ĞďĞĞŶ͕ ďƵƚ/ĚŝĚŶŽƚŚĂǀ ĞƚŚĞƐŽƌƚŽĨĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟǀ ĞƐŬŝůůƐƚŚĞǇǁ ĂŶƚĞĚ͘ dŚŽƐĞƚŚŝŶŐƐĂƌĞƋƵŝƚĞƉĂŝŶĨƵůĂƐǇŽƵŚĂǀ ĞƚƌŝĞĚǇŽƵƌƵƚŵŽƐƚƚŽƐĂǇƚŽǇŽƵƌƐĞůĨƚŚĂƚǇŽƵĂƌĞŐŽŝŶŐƚŽŵĂŬĞĂĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƚŽ ĂŶĂƟŽŶĂůŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚƚŚĞŶĨŽƌƉĞŽƉůĞƚŽƐĂǇ͚ ŶŽƚŚĂŶŬƐ͛ ͕ ƚŚĂƚŝƐĚŝĸ ĐƵůƚƚŽƚĂŬĞ͕ ďƵƚ/ĨŽƌŐĞƚĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞƐĞ disappointments quite quickly. t ŚĂƚĚŽǇŽƵƚŚŝŶŬŚĂƐĐŚĂŶŐĞĚŝŶƌĞŐĂƌĚƐƚŽƚŚĞƉƌĂĐƟĐĞŽĨŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞŽǀ ĞƌƚŚĞǇĞĂƌƐ͍

/ƚŚŝŶŬŝƚŝƐƚĞƌƌŝďůǇŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƚŽƌĞŵĞŵďĞƌŽƵƌŚŝƐƚŽƌǇ͘ E ĂƟŽŶĂůůǇ͕ ŵĞĚŝĐĂůůǇ͕ ŶĞƵƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůůǇ͘ dŽƌĞĂůŝƐĞŚŽǁ ƉĞŽƉůĞďĞŚĂǀ Ğd ďŽƚŚǁ ĞůůĂŶĚďĂĚůǇ͘ t ŚĞŶǇŽƵůŽŽŬĂƚƚŚĞǁ ĂǇŶĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇǁ ĂƐƉƌĂĐƟƐĞĚŝŶƚŚĞϭϵϱϬ͛ Ɛŝƚǁ ĂƐƉƌĞƩ ǇďĂƌďĂƌŝĐ͘ dŚĞǇƵƐĞĚƚŽ ĚŽŝŶǀ ĞƐƟŐĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚǇŽƵǁ ŽƵůĚŶŽƚĚƌĞĂŵŽĨĚŽŝŶŐƚŽĚĂǇ͘ ĂƌŽƟĚĂŶŐŝŽŐƌĂŵƐĞƚĐ͘ ƚŚĞǇŚĂĚĂŵŽƌďŝĚŝƚǇĂŶĚĂŵŽƌƚĂůŝƚǇ͕ ǇŽƵŬŶĞǁ ƚŚĂƚƚŚĞǇǁ ĞƌĞŶŽƚŐŽŝŶŐƚŽŐĞƚĂŶǇǁ ŚĞƌĞďƵƚǁ ĞƐƟůůĚŝĚƚŚĞŵ͘ /ƚŚŝŶŬƚŚĞƌĞǁ ĂƐĂůŽƚŽĨĐƌƵĞůƚǇŝŶŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ͘ /Ĩ you look at the records at Queen Square people were giving electric shock treatment. I always remember that when I became a consultant I looked back and I thought I had never worked for a consultant who sat down and talked to the ƉĂƟĞŶƚ͘ dŚĞƌĞŝƐƐƟůůŵƵĐŚǁ ĞĐŽƵůĚŝŵƉƌŽǀ ĞƵƉŽŶ͘

What does Queen Square mean to you?

/ƚŝƐĂŐƌĞĂƚŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĂŶĚƚŚĞƐŽƌƚŽĨĞǆƉĞƌƟƐĞƚŚĂƚŝƐŐĂƚŚĞƌĞĚŚĞƌĞŝƐ͕ /ƚŚŝŶŬ͕ ƵŶƉĂƌĂůůĞůĞĚŝŶƚŚĞǁ ŽƌůĚ͘ /ŚĂǀ ĞŶŽƚbeen to many neurological centres around the world but the quality here is incomparable. There is also a degree of arrogance, which is good in one way because you need to be ﬁrm to hold a place together.

K ŶĞůŽŽŬƐďĂĐŬĂƚƚŚĞƟŵĞƐǁ ŚĞŶƉĞŽƉůĞƚŚŽƵŐŚƚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞE ĂƟŽŶĂů, ŽƐƉŝƚĂůƐŚŽƵůĚďĞďƌŽŬĞŶƵƉĂŶĚŽƵŐŚƚƚŽŐŽƚŽ neurology units in Oldchurch or the London or UCH, because it was thought that there was a large number of consultant ƐƚĂī ŚĞƌĞǁ ŚŽĚŝĚŶŽƚĚŽĂŶǇǁ ŽƌŬ͘ /ƚǁ ĂƐƉƌŽďĂďůǇƋƵŝƚĞƚƌƵĞ͕ ďƵƚĞǆƉĞƌƟƐĞŝƐŚĂƌĚƚŽĐŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂƚĞ͘

16 QUEEN SQUARE LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES

ƐƉĂƌƚŽĨǆƉůŽƌĞǇŽƵƌƌĐŚŝǀ ĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂŵƉĂŝŐŶǁ ĞĞŬE Žǀ ĞŵďĞƌϭϬ-14 2014, Queen Square Archives held an open day on 12th November. This provided an opportunity for staﬀ and students in the Square to handle original case notes of some of the most eminent people in the history of neurology, and rĞĂĚŚŽǁ ƉĂƟĞŶƚƐĂŶĚĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐŝŶ their specialty were treated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Around ϱϬƉĞŽƉůĞĂƩ ĞŶĚĞĚ͘ See Queen Square Archives website for further details of ƚŚĞƌĐŚŝǀ ĞƐĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶƐ͘

dŚĞ>ŝďƌĂƌǇŚĂƐĂůƐŽĚŝŐŝƟƐĞĚƌĞƉŽƌƚƐŽĨƚŚĞE ĂƟŽŶĂů, ŽƐƉŝƚĂůƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƵƉƚŽϭϵϰϳ ƉůƵƐƐŽŵĞĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůŽĂƌĚŽĨD ĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ and IoN Annual reports. These are also searchable online via the Queen Square Archives website, either across documents, or within individual documents. The Queen Square Library has just ﬁnished the Queen Square Archives ĞǆŚŝďŝƟŽŶ͗ &ŝƌƐƚ t ŽƌůĚ t Ăƌ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ E ĂƟŽŶĂů - ĂĚŝƐƉůĂǇŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƟŶŐƚŚĞ treatment of war-related psychogenic ĚŝƐŽƌĚĞƌƐĂƚƚŚĞE ĂƟŽŶĂů, ŽƐƉŝƚĂů͕ ĂƐ well as the wider impact of the War on the Hospital’s work and staﬀ. Items on ĚŝƐƉůĂǇ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĞǆŚŝďŝƟŽŶ ŚĂǀ Ğ ďĞĞŶ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĞǆƚĞŶƐŝǀ ĞĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶŽĨ case notes held in the Archive, as well as photographs and literature from and about the period. dŚĞĞǆŚŝďŝƟŽŶŚĂŶĚŽƵƚŝƐƐƟůůĂǀ ĂŝůĂďůĞ on the Queen Square Archives website

Cabinet containing evidence of bomb damage in Queen Square ŚƩ Ɖ͗ ͬ ͬ ǁ ǁ ǁ ͘ ƋƵĞĞŶƐƋƵĂƌĞ͘ ŽƌŐ͘ ƵŬͬ E ĂƟŽŶĂů, ŽƐƉŝƚĂůϭϵϭϴŶŶƵĂůƌĞƉŽƌƚ- ﬁrst page. Ref: QSA/15452 from a Zeppelin raid in September 1915. Ref: QSA/15424 archives

Finally, postcards of Queen Square are now available to purchase from the Library:

ŚƩ Ɖ͗ ͬ ͬ ǁ ǁ ǁ ͘ ƋƵĞĞŶƐƋƵĂƌĞ͘ ŽƌŐ͘ ƵŬͬ ĂƌĐŚŝǀ ĞƐͬ ĂďŽƵƚͬ ŵĞƌĐŚĂŶĚŝƐĞ

17 EXPEDITION REPORT BY CLEMENT MOUTARD EXPLORING THE ROOF OF THE WORLD: ANNAPURNA CONSERVATION AREA

Mr Clement Moutard is a former MSc Brain and Mind Sciences student (2011- 13). During August 2012 he undertook an ĞǆƉĞĚŝƟŽŶĂŌĞƌƐĞĐƵƌŝŶŐĨƵŶĚƐĨƌŽŵh> Geography department to visit the ŶŶĂƉƵƌŶĂ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀ ĂƟŽŶ ĂƌĞĂ ŝŶ E ĞƉĂů͘ Below is an edited extract from his report.

“I decided to go to the Annapurna Area, as ƚŚŝƐŝƐŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚďĞĂƵƟĨƵůĂƌĞĂƐ according to diﬀerent sources, and a road was being built almost all around the Annapurnas, so soon this region will lose its “savage” nature. Usually, trekkers complete the route in 18 to 21 days, but I managed to complete in 15 days with a detour at Tilicho lake. The route I took can be seen on the map.

I arrived in Kathmandu the 4th of August 2012, and stayed at a cheap hostel (less than £2 for the night). I spent the next day arranging my trekking permit, buying some equipment and on the 6th of August I took a bus to Besishar. On the 7th August I started my walk. From Besishar it was proposed to ride in a jeep for the first few kilometres. An emplacement on its roof was much cheaper, but as an economical measure, comfort was definitely lacking. It was much like a rodeo session with such a ĐŚĂŽƟĐƌŽĂĚ͘ ŵĂŶĨƌŽŵD ĂŶĂŶŐƐĂƚŶĞǆƚƚŽŵĞǁ ŚŽǁ ĂƐĐŽŵŝŶŐďĂĐŬĨƌŽŵWŽŬŚĂƌĂƚŽŚŝƐŚŽŵĞƚŽǁ Ŷ͘ , ĞƚŽůĚŵĞƚŚĂƚŝƚ ƵƐƵĂůůǇƚŽŽŬŚŝŵϯĚĂǇƐƚŽŐŽƚŽ͞ Đŝǀ ŝůŝƐĂƟŽŶ͟ ;ĞƐŝƐŚĂƌŽƌWŽŬŚĂƌĂͿĂŶĚƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĨŽƌƚŚĞƌĞƚƵƌŶ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐϮĂŶĚĂŚĂůĨĚĂǇs ŽĨǁ ĂůŬŝŶŐ͘ dŚĞĨĂƌƚŚĞƐƚƚŚĞũĞĞƉĐĂŶŐŽǁ ĂƐ^ǇĂŶŐĞ͕ ϮϮŬŵĨƌŽŵĞƐŝƐŚĂƌ͘ ŌĞƌƚŚŝƐǀ ŝůůĂŐĞ͕ ǀ ĞŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂŶŐŽŶŽĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ͘ ĐĐĞƐƐŝďŝůŝƚǇŝƐƌĞĂůůǇůŝŵŝƚĞĚĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞŶŶĂƉƵƌŶĂƐĂƚƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ͘ , ĂůĨǁ ĂǇƚŽƚŚĞĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶ͕ /ũƵŵƉĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƌŽŽĨũƵƐƚ before Nadi Bazar. Thanks to the vehicle I avoided 13 km of road. Further on some vehicles, including the jeep, got stuck in the middle of the road owing to a landslide, a common occurrence during monsoon season. A group of porters were ƐƋƵĂƫ ŶŐŽŶƚŚĞŇŽŽƌ͕ ǁ ĂŝƟŶŐƚŽƚĂŬĞĂŶĚƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚŽŶƚŚĞŝƌďĂĐŬƚŚĞŐŽŽĚƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĐĂƌƐƚŽƚŚĞĮ ŶĂůĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶ͘ >ƵĐŬŝůǇ, being on foot, the landslide was not a concern for me, and I went ahead. t ŚŝůĞ/ǁ ĂƐǁ ĂůŬŝŶŐ͕ /ĚŝƐĐŽǀ ĞƌĞĚďĞĂƵƟĨƵůǁ ĂƚĞƌĨĂůůƐ͕ ƐŽŵĞĐŽƌŶĮ ĞůĚƐ͕ ďĂŵďŽŽƉůĂŶƚƐ͕ ůŽĐĂů people walking, paddy fields, and fields of marijuana, not yet in flower, which were omnipresent ĂůůĂůŽŶŐϱϬŬŵŽĨƚŚĞǀ ĂůůĞǇ͕ ƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐǁ ŝƚŚŵĂƐƐŝǀ ĞƉůĂŶƚƐ͘ dŚĞƌĞƐƚŽĨƚŚĞůƵƐŚǀ ĞŐĞƚĂƟŽŶǁ ĂƐ Ěŝĸ ĐƵůƚƚŽĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞ͕ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞĂƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵǁ ŚĂƚ/ŝƚĞŵŝǌĞĚ͕ ŶŽƚŚŝŶŐǁ ĂƐŝĚĞŶƟĮ ĂďůĞƚŽŵĞ͘ /ƚǁ ĂƐ really green because of the monsoon. I was really happy to have imitated the locals by wearing ƐĂŶĚĂůƐĂƐ/ǁ ĂƐŽŌĞŶĐƌŽƐƐŝŶŐƐƚƌĞĂŵƐĂŶĚŝƚǁ ĂƐƉƌĂĐƟĐĂůĂŶĚƌĞĨƌĞƐŚŝŶŐ͕ ĂůƚŚŽƵŐŚŵǇĨĞĞƚǁ ĞƌĞ ŵŽƌĞĞǆƉŽƐĞĚƚŽůĞĞĐŚĞƐ͘ ĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵŝĚĂŶĚŚĞĂǀ ǇĂŝƌ͕ /ǁ ĂƐĂůǁ ĂǇƐƚŚŝƌƐƚǇ͕ Ğǀ ĞŶĂŌĞƌ drinking a good amount of water.

Hungry, I arrived in Syange where I ate the famous local delicacy Dal Bhat: rice with spicy relish made with finely chopped vegetables accompanied with a lens sauce and vegetable curry. I also took soup to rehydrate myself. Later that day I arrived in Chyamche where I met a young man at the entrance of the village who invited me to his “Tibetan Guesthouse”. I did not pay for the room (they had plenty of them empty in this season) but only for the food. My host, living with his young wife and parents, came to me as he was really interested by my things. He spoke good English and asked if he could keep one of my T-shirts, my camera case, my trousers, my biscuits. I explained to him that I needed all this. He told me later that he had not been out of the valley for 10 years. I understood then his compulsive nature to possess any uncommon objects he saw. I had the opportunity to ask him about different themes: family, religions and narco-trafficking.

18 EXPEDITION REPORT BY CLEMENT MOUTARD EXPLORING THE ROOF OF THE WORLD: ANNAPURNA CONSERVATION AREA

D ǇŚŽƐƚƚŽůĚŵĞƚŚĂƚĂůůƚŚĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶƐŽĨĂĨĂŵŝůǇůŝǀ ĞƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͘ /ŶƚŚĞ mountains, one only marries someone from another village. Technology has ŚĂĚĂŶŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŝŵƉĂĐƚŝŶƚŚĞĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŽĨĐŽƵƉůĞƐ͕ ŵŽƐƚŶŽƚĂďůǇƚŚĞ ĂĚǀ ĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŵŽďŝůĞƉŚŽŶĞ͕ ǁ ŝƚŚƚŚĞǇŽƵŶŐƚĞǆƟŶŐƚŽĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞĂŶĚ ƐƚĂƌƚƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐ͘ &ŽƌƚŚĞĐĞƌĞŵŽŶǇ͕ ǀ ŝůůĂŐĞƌƐĞŝƚŚĞƌŚĂǀ ĞĂĂƚŚŽůŝĐ wedding with a priest or a Buddhist wedding with monks, with some ƐĞŶĚŝŶŐŝŶǀ ŝƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŽŵĂŶǇǀ ŝůůĂŐĞƐ͘ dŚŝƐŝƐĨŽůůŽǁ ĞĚďǇĂƉĂƌƚǇǁ ŚĞƌĞ ƉĞŽƉůĞĚĂŶĐĞĂŶĚƐŝŶŐŝŶĂƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůŵĂŶŶĞƌ͘ ŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐƉŽŝŶƚŝŶ the Nepalese family scheme is matrilineality, in a certain way. The mother of the bride who has priority in the choice of where the young couple will live. My host was Buddhist and he seemed not to really like Catholics. Catholicism is mainly found in the lower valley. Higher, in the mountains, ǇŽƵĮ ŶĚŵĂŝŶůǇƵĚĚŚŝƐƚƐ͕ ĨƌŽŵƚŚĞdŝďĞƚĂŶůŝŶĞĂŐĞƐ͘ /ĂƐŬĞĚŚŝŵĂďŽƵƚĂŶŝŵŝƐŵ͕ ƐŚĂŵĂŶŝƐŵĂŶĚƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ͘ , Ğ told me about “wizards” living alone with their goats in the wood in the upper part of the mountain. I wondered about Narco-trafficking, and so I asked him about all the fields of marijuana. If the police catch you ǁ ŝƚŚƐŽŵĞĐĂŶŶĂďŝƐŝŶ<ĂƚŚŵĂŶĚƵ͕ ǇŽƵĐŽƵůĚŐŽƚŽũĂŝů͕ ďƵƚŝŶƚŚĞŵŽƵŶƚĂŝŶƐ͕ ƚŚĞǀ ŝůůĂŐĞƌƐĂƌĞƚŚĞŬŝŶŐƐ͘ ' ƌŽǁ ŝŶŐĐŽŶƐƟƚƵƚĞƐ an income supplement for the farmers, but they probably sell it at a cheap price to narco-traffickers. In the last decade, in the Nepalese capital, as in the rest of the world, methamphetamines have appeared called Yaba or “brown sugar”. It makes criminality rise significantly with many murders. It is one of the reasons why my host had not been out of the valley for a ůŽŶŐƟŵĞ͕ ƚŽŽĂĨƌĂŝĚŽĨƚŚĞĚĂŶŐĞƌƐŽĨďŝŐĐŝƟĞƐ͘ /ƌĞĂĐŚĞĚǁ ŝƚŚŶŽĚŝĸ ĐƵůƚǇƚŚĞĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĚĂǇ͕ ĂŐĂƌĐŚŚĂƉ͕ ǁ ŚĞƌĞƚŚĞƌĞŝƐĂ Gompa (the name of a Buddhist monastery). On my way, I discovered a prayer wheel built on a stream: water turning like a water mill so as prayers were recited. In the ceremonial room, some ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůŽůĚƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐǁ ĞƌĞĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŶŐƚŚĞǁ ĂůůƐĂŶĚƚŚĞĐĞŝůŝŶŐ͘ dŚĞƉůĂĐĞǁ ĂƐĚŝǀ ŝĚĞĚŝŶƚǁ Ž͘ dŚĞůĞŌƐŝĚĞǁ ĂƐ͞ ƉĞĂĐĞ͟ ǁ ŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨƐŽŵĞƵĚĚŚĂƐĂŶĚƐŽŵĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐŚĂǀ ŝŶŐ ;ƚŽŵǇƐƵƌƉƌŝƐĞͿŝŶƟŵĂƚĞŵŽŵĞŶƚƐǁ ŝƚŚƚŚĞŝƌƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ͘ dŚĞƌŝŐŚƚƐŝĚĞǁ ĂƐ͞ ƚŽƌŵĞŶƚ͟ ǁ ŝƚŚƚŚĞ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨD ĂƌĂ͕ ĂĨĂŵŽƵƐĚĞŵŽŶǁ ŚŽƚĞŵƉƚĞĚ' ĂƵƚĂŵĂƵĚĚŚĂ͘ ƚƚŚĞďĂĐŬŽĨƚŚĞ room, there was an altar, with many objects, such as big Buddha statues. The wall behind contained many Tibetan manuscripts. These books, which are loose-leaved between two ǁ ŽŽĚĞŶďŽĂƌĚƐ͕ ĂƌĞƌĞĐŝƚĞĚĞǀ ĞƌǇĚĂǇ͕ ŽŶĞďǇŽŶĞ͕ ůŝƩ ůĞďǇůŝƩ ůĞ͕ ďǇƚŚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŵŽŶŬƐ͘ t ŚŝůĞ/ǁ ĂƐĚŝƐĐŽǀ ĞƌŝŶŐĂůůƚŚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚŚŝƐŵĂŐŶŝĮ ĐĞŶƚƉůĂĐĞ͕ ƐŽŵĞŵŽŶŬƐǁ ĞƌĞĐƵƫ ŶŐƐŽŵĞ thick bands of paper with prayers to put, rolled up, on the Buddha statue. Next to them, some fine-looking instruments were present: drums, bells, cymbals, trumpets. I met a monk who spoke ŶŐůŝƐŚĂŶĚŚĞĞǆƉůĂŝŶĞĚƚŽŵĞƚŚĞƉĂŝŶƟŶŐƐ͘ /ĂƐŬĞĚŚŝŵĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞŝƌŵĞĚŝƚĂƟŽŶƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͕ ĂƐŝĚĞƚŚĞŝƌƌĞĐŝƚĂƟŽŶƐŚĂďŝƚƐ͘ dŚey were used to repeat a Sanskrit Mantra with their rosary, called “mâlâ”. The Mantra, widespread in Tibet, is: “Om mani padme hum”, that has many possible meanings because of the abstract nature of its term, but involves compassion, wisdom and purity. On day 7 of my trek I reached the base camp of lake Tilicho. I went through a ŚƵŐĞƐĐƌĞĞ͘ /ĐŽƵůĚĨĞĞůƚŚĞĮ ƌƐƚĞī ĞĐƚƐŽĨĂůƟƚƵĚĞ͗ ďƌĞĂƚŚůĞƐƐŶĞƐƐ͕ ŚĞĂĚĂĐŚĞ and dizziness, but to a mild extent. The view of the mountains from the base ĐĂŵƉǁ ĂƐďĞĂƵƟĨƵůĞǀ ĞŶŝĨƚŚĞƐƵŵŵŝƚƐǁ ĞƌĞŝŶƚŚĞĐůŽƵĚƐ͘ ŐƌŽǁ ŝŶŐƉĂŝŶŝŶ ŽŶĞŽĨŵǇĐŚŝůůĞƐ͛ ƚĞŶĚŽŶƐĂŶĚĂŶĂďƌƵƉƚƌƵƐŚŽĨĂůƟƚƵĚĞƐŝĐŬŶĞƐƐ;ĨĞĞůŝŶŐŽĨ general loss of energy in my body) made me decide to turn back even if I was ƌĞĂůůǇĐůŽƐĞƚŽƚŚĞůĂŬĞ;ĂƉƉƌŽǆŝŵĂƚĞůǇϱϬϬŵĨƌŽŵŝƚͿ͘ ůƟƚƵĚĞƐŝĐŬŶĞƐƐĐĂŶďĞ deadly (I faced it in the past with a ƐĞƌŝŽƵƐƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶŽĨĂůƟƚƵĚĞƐŝĐŬŶĞƐƐŝŶ South America).

dŚĞŶĞǆƚĚĂǇ͕ /ƌĞĂĐŚĞĚƚŚĞůĂŬĞŵĂŬŝŶŐƐƵƌĞƚŽƚĂŬĞŵǇƟŵĞ͘ /ĐŽƵůĚƐĞĞ right above me the sumptuous Tilicho Peak (7134m) and Khangsar Kang (7485m). The lake (highest in the world) was as astonishing as the mountains: a big blue calm surface, receiving the glaciers of the Tilicho Peak. Glaciers were cracking loudly and I even saw an avalanche.

19 EXPEDITION REPORT BY CLEMENT MOUTARD EXPLORING THE ROOF OF THE WORLD: ANNAPURNA CONSERVATION AREA

By day 10 I ﬁnally reached, with a ƐĞŶƐĂƟŽŶŽĨǀ ŝĐƚŽƌǇ͕ dŚŽƌƵŶŐ>Ă Pass (5416m). Just when I arrived to the pass, the weather began to clear. Then I went down almost 2 kilometres below in ƚĞƌŵƐŽĨĂůƟƚƵĚĞ͘ /ǁ ĂƐĂůŵŽƐƚ ﬂying over the track, really ĐĂƵƟŽƵƐŶŽƚƚŽďƌĞĂŬĂŶǇƚŚŝŶŐ͕ ďƵƚŝŵƉĂƟĞŶƚƚŽďĞŽŶƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌ side of the mountain range. And right behind the pass, a city D ƵŬƟŶĂƚŚ͘ dŚŝƐŝƐĂŚŽůǇǀ ĂůůĞǇ͕ ĂŶĚĂŬĞǇĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶĨŽƌŵĂŶǇƉŝůŐƌŝŵƐ͕ ƌĞĂůůǇ important for both Buddhists and Hindus. I went to Jharkot, which is a charming Tibetan-like village perched on a linear rocky outcrop with a really old monastery. dŚĞŶ͕ ĂƚƚŚĞĞŶĚŽĨƚŚĞĚĂǇ͕ /ŚĞĂĚĞĚƚŽ:ŚŽŶŐ͘ KŶŵǇǁ ĂǇ͕ /ŚĂĚĂďĞĂƵƟĨƵůǀ ŝĞǁ ŽĨƚŚĞŚĂƵůĂŐŝƌŝ;ϴϭϳ ϮŵͿĂŶĚƚŚĞ Annapurna I (8091m). dŚĞŶĞǆƚĚĂǇ/ůĞŌ:ŚŽŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚƚŽŽŬƚŚĞƌŽĂĚƚŽ<ĂŐďĞŶŝǁ ŚŝĐŚĂůƚŚŽƵŐŚĂƌŝĚǁ ĂƐŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀ Ğ͘ The dusty road was beaten by the wind and by vehicles passing by, which became a real nuisance. I entered Jomsom, a strange city with an airport in which ĂůŵŽƐƚĞǀ ĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐǁ ĂƐĐůŽƐĞĚ͘ /ƚǁ ĂƐĂůƌĞĂĚǇůĂƚĞ͕ ďƵƚ/ĚŝĚŶŽƚƌĞĂůůǇůŝŬĞƚŚĞƉůĂĐĞƐŽ/ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚƵƉƚŽD ĂƌƉŚĂ͘

/ůĞŌD ĂƌƉŚĂĞĂƌůǇƚŽƌĞĂĐŚ>ĂƌũƵŶŐƋƵŝĐŬůǇ͘ D ǇĂŝŵǁ ĂƐƚŽŐŽƚŽƚŚĞ ďŽƩ ŽŵŽĨƚŚĞŚĂƵůĂŐŝƌŝ/ĐĞĨĂůůƐ͕ ĂŐůĂĐŝĞƌĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚůǇĐƌĂĐŬŝŶŐǁ ŝƚŚ/ĐĞ &ĂůůƐĂƐ/ǁ ĂƐƚŽůĚŝƚŝƐĂďĞĂƵƟĨƵůĚĞƚŽƵƌƚŽĚŽ͘ hŶĨŽƌƚƵŶĂƚĞůǇ͕ /ŶĞǀ Ğƌ managed to get to the glacier. Instead, I went to a cave, where Padmasambhava (more well-known as Guru Rinpoche, considered as the second Buddha, and the founder of Buddhism in Tibet) would ŚĂǀ ĞŵĞĚŝƚĂƚĞĚ͘ dŚŝƐŝƐĂŚŝŐŚĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶŽĨƉŝůŐƌŝŵĂŐĞ͘ dŚĞĐĂǀ Ğ͕ behind a waterfall, dug in the middle of a cliff, was overloaded by Tibetan flags and white scarfs. The next day I went down towards Pokhara. As I went I found that people were less kind compared to the mountain-dwellers. Locals did not even answer to my “Namasté”. The valleys were becoming more and more steep. I walked along high cliffs with fresh rock falls, with one eye on the road, the other one in the air, to the cliffs. I reached Tatopani, a place with many gold sellers and jewellers. Over the next two days I covered around 30 kilometres to reach Nayapul before taking a bus to Pokhara. I spent two days in Pokhara before going to Kathmandu. I had the great luck to have a clear view of the mountains as a goodbye to the country and I spent a few days in the capital before coming back to Paris. dŚŝƐĂĚǀ ĞŶƚƵƌĞŚĂĚďĞĞŶĂŐƌĞĂƚĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ͕ ĨƵůůŽĨŵĞĞƟŶŐƐ͕ ĐŽŶƚĞŵƉůĂƟŽŶ͕ ĚŝƐĐŽǀ ĞƌŝĞƐŽŶƚŚĞE ĞƉĂůĞƐĞĂŶĚdŝďĞƚĂŶĐƵůƚƵƌĞƐ͕ ŵĂŶǇ kilometres, wonderful landscapes, and simple but delicious meals. I felt ĂŶ ŝŵŵĞŶƐĞ ŐƌĂƟƚƵĚĞ ƚŽǁ ĂƌĚ Ğǀ ĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐ͕ ŵƵĐŚ ďĞǇŽŶĚ Ă ƐŝŵƉůĞ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĞŬ͕ ďƵƚĂƉĞĂĐĞĨƵůĂŶĚǁ ŽŶĚĞƌ-ƐƚƌƵĐŬǀ ŝďƌĂƟŽŶĚĞĞƉ within me.”

20 PHOTOS FROM OUR ARCHIVES

Do you recognise any of the people in these photos? Please help to complete the Queen Square Archives.

Y ƵĞĞŶ^ƋƵĂƌĞƌĐŚŝǀ ĞƐŚĂƐĂĞǀ ĞƌŐƌŽǁ ŝŶŐĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶŽĨŐƌŽƵƉƉŚŽƚŽŐƌĂƉŚƐǁ ŚŝĐŚŚĂǀ ĞďĞĞŶĚŝŐŝƟƐĞĚ͘ t ĞŚĂǀ ĞĂůƌĞĂĚǇ ŵĂŶĂŐĞĚƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨǇŵĂŶǇŽĨƚŚĞƉĞŽƉůĞŝŶƐĞǀ ĞƌĂůƉŚŽƚŽƐĂŶĚĂƌĞĂƉƉĞĂůŝŶŐƚŽY ƵĞĞŶ^ƋƵĂƌĞůƵŵŶŝŵĞŵďĞƌƐĨŽƌŚĞůƉƚŽ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇƚŚĞƌĞŵĂŝŶŝŶŐƉĞŽƉůĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƉŚŽƚŽŐƌĂƉŚƐ͘ /ĨǇŽƵĐĂŶƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞĂŶǇďŽĚǇ͕ ƉůĞĂƐĞĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ^ĂƌĂŚ>Ăǁ ƐŽŶǁ ŝƚŚĚĞƚĂŝůƐ ;ĨŽƌĞŶĂŵĞ͕ ŝŶŝƟĂůƐ͕ ƐƵƌŶĂŵĞ͕ ĂŶĚĐŽƵŶƚƌǇŽĨŽƌŝŐŝŶ– ŝĨƉŽƐƐŝďůĞͿƐƉĞĐŝĨǇŝŶŐƚŚĞƉŚŽƚŽƟƚůĞĂŶĚƚŚĞƌĞůĞǀ ĂŶƚůĞƩ ĞƌŽŶƚŚĞ ƉŚŽƚŽ͘ /ĨǇŽƵƚŚŝŶŬƚŚĂƚǁ ĞŚĂǀ ĞŵŝƐŝĚĞŶƟĮ ĞĚƐŽŵĞŽŶĞŽƌŚĂǀ ĞĂŶǇƋƵĞƌŝĞƐƉůĞĂƐĞĂůƐŽĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ͗

Sarah Lawson [email protected]

Librarian , Queen Square Library, Archive & Museum h>/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨE ĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇΘdŚĞE ĂƟŽŶĂů, ŽƐƉŝƚĂůĨŽƌE ĞƵƌŽůŽŐǇΘE ĞƵƌŽƐƵƌŐĞƌǇ;h>, Ϳ͕ ϭƐƚ&ůŽŽƌ͕ ϮϯY ƵĞĞŶ^ƋƵĂƌĞ͕ London WC1N 3BG, 020 3448 4143 | 020 3448 4709