1 sarCevi Contents evropis sabWos Seqmnis istoria da ganviTarebis etapebi: Sesavali...... 2 A short history of the Council of Europe: Introduction ...... 3 evropis sabWo: mimoxilva ...... 14 The Council of Europe: an overview ...... 15 ministrTa komiteti ...... 20 The Committee of Ministers ...... 21 saparlamento asamblea ...... 26 The Parliamentary Assembly ...... 27 generaluri mdivani ...... 32 The Secretary General ...... 33 evropis sabWos adgilobriv da regionalur xelisufalTa kongresi ...... 34 The Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe ...... 35 adamianis uflebebi: dacva, xelSewyoba da maTi darRvevis Tavidan acileba ...... 42 Human rights: protection, promotion and prevention ...... 43 masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi da demokratia ...... 58 Media and Democracy ...... 59 samarTlebrivi TanamSromloba ...... 64 Legal co-operation ...... 65 socialuri integracia ...... 76 Social cohesion ...... 77 janmrTelobis dacva ...... 86 Health protection ...... 87 ganaTleba ...... 92 Education ...... 93 kultura da memkvidreoba ...... 104 Culture and heritage ...... 105 garemos dacva, landSaftis dacva da mdgradi ganviTareba ...... 114 Environment, Landscape Protection and Sustainable Development ...... 115 sporti ...... 120 Sport ...... 121 axalgazrdoba ...... 128 Youth ...... 129 evropis droSa, himni da premiebi ...... 136 The European fl ag, anthem and prizes ...... 137 evropuli organizaciebi: msgavseba da gansxvaveba ...... 140 European institutions: what’s what? ...... 141 mniSvnelovani TariRebi ...... 144 Key dates ...... 145 evropis sabWos sakontaqto da sainformacio centrebi ...... 152 Council of Europe contact and information points ...... 153 evropis sabWos internetgverdebi ...... 160 Council of Europe websites ...... 161 evropis sabWo strasburgSi ...... 162 The Council of Europe in Strasbourg ...... 163 evropis sabWos konvenciebi ...... 170 Council of Europe Treaties ...... 171 2 3

3 evropis sabWos Seqmnis A short history of istoria da ganviTarebis etapebi: Sesavali the Council of Europe: Introduction evropa II msoflio omis Semdeg Europe after the World War II xangrZlivi da damqancveli omis Semdeg evropa metad mZime ekonomikuri, socialuri Tu politikuri saxis problemebis winaSe aRmoCnda. Seryeuli ekonomikis aRorZineba, The Europe that awoke in the days following the Liberation was in a sorry state, gavlenis sferoTa aRdgena da, rac mTavaria, momavalSi amgvari tragediis Tavidan torn apart by fi ve years of war. States were determined to build up their shattered acileba iqca omgamovlil saxelmwifoTa mTavar miznad. Seqmnili mdgomareobidan saukeTeso gamosavlad ki maSin evropis gaerTianeba isaxeboda. economies, recover their infl uence and, above all, ensure that such a tragedy could never happen again. evropuli erTianobis ideam pirvelad gaiJRera uuinstoninston CCerCiliserCilis1 sityvaSi, romelic man 1946 wlis 19 seqtembers ciurixSi (Sveicaria) warmoTqva. CerCilis sityvebiT, Winston Churchill1 was the fi rst to point to the solution, in his speech of 19 mTavari iyo evropas epovna xsnis gza, romelic saswaulebrivad Secvlida mTlian September 1946 in Zurich. According to him, what was needed was “a remedy suraTs da sul ramdenime weliwadSi, Sveicariis msgavsad, mTeli evropa Tavisufali which, as if by miracle, would transform the whole scene and in a few years make da bednieri gaxdeboda. `Cven unda avaSenoT evropis SeerTebuli Statebi,~ - aseTi all Europe as free and happy as Switzerland is today. We must build a kind of iyo CerCilis mowodeba. im dros evropuli gaerTianebis Tema Zalze popularuli United States of Europe”. Movements of various persuasions, but all dedicated iyo da am moZraobis Sedegad safuZveli Caeyara eevropulivropuli eerTianobisaTvisrTianobisaTvis mmoZrao-oZrao- bbaTaaTa ssaerTaSorisoaerTaSoriso komitets.komitets 1948 wlis 7 maiss komitetma moiwvia haagis kongresi, to European unity, were springing up everywhere at the time. All these organisa- romelic `eevropisvropis kongresis~kongresis saxeliT aris cnobili. tions were to combine to form the International Committee of the Movements for European Unity. Its fi rst act was to organise the Hague Congress, on 7 May eevropisvropis sabWo,sabWo romelic erT-erTi uZvelesi da yvelaze didi organizaciaa evropaSi, 1948, remembered as “The Congress of Europe”. 1949 wels daarsda. evropis sabWo 46 wevr qveyanas aerTianebs, misi umTavresi saqmianoba ki adamianis uflebaTa principebis damkvidrebaa. ormocdaaTwliani ar- Founded in 1949 the Council of Europe is one of the oldest and the biggest sebobis manZilze organizaciis samoqmedo are evropaSi sagrZnoblad gaizarda da European organisations, which unifi es 46 member states and promotes the main mravalferovani gaxda. cnobilma istoriulma movlenebma - sabWoTa kavSiris daSlam, principles of the Human Rights. During its 50 years’ activity the organisation has berlinis kedlis ngrevam da civi omis dasrulebam - ganapiroba wevr qveyanaTa raode- nobis zrda da axali prioritetebisa da strategiis SemuSavebis aucilebloba. deepened and spread its fi eld of action throughout the whole continent. The global changes in the European History – collapse of the Soviet Union, fall of the Berlin haagis kongresi wall and the end of the cold war – have defi ned an increased number of applica- tions for the Council’s membership and called for establishing new priorities and evropuli istoriisaTvis am metad mniSvnelovanma movlenam aTasze meti delegati Sekriba. monawile qveynebis mravalricxovan delegaciebTan erTad damkvirveblis an appropriate strategy. statusiT haagaSi Tavi moiyares cnobilma politikurma da sasuliero pirebma, ga- The Hague Congress moCenilma mwerlebma, akademikosebma da Jurnalistebma. kongresis mizani iyo evropis gaerTianebis moZraobis mniSvnelobis warmoCena da am More than a thousand delegates from some twenty countries, together with a large erTianobis misaRwevad gzebis dasaxva. kongresis monawileebma miiRes rezoluciebi, rom- number of observers, among them political and religious fi gures, academics, writ- lebic, sxva sakiTxebTan erTad, mouwodebda ekonomikuri da politikuri gaerTianebis ers and journalists, attended the Congress. Seqmnisaken, rac uzrunvelyofda usafrTxoebas, ekonomikur damoukideblobas, socialur ganviTarebas, saTaTbiro asambleis arCevas erovnuli parlamentebis mier, adamianis ufle- Its purpose was to demonstrate the breadth of the movements in favour of European bebis evropuli qartiis Sedgenasa da qartiis gadawyvetilebaTa gansaxorcieleblad unifi cation and to determine the objectives which must be met in order to achieve sasamarTlos daarsebas. am gegmaSi moiyara Tavi yvela im ideam, romelTa safuZvelze such a union. A series of resolutions was adopted at the end of the Congress, axali evropa unda aSenebuliyo. kongresma gamoavlina is uTanxmoebanic, romlebmac calling, amongst other things, for the creation of an economic and political union mogvianebiT monawileebi dahyo evropuli federaciis upirobo momxreebad (safrangeTi to guarantee security, economic independence and social progress, the establish- da belgia) da ubralo mTavrobaTaSorisi TanamSromlobis momxreebad (didi britaneTi, ment of a consultative assembly elected by national parliaments, the drafting of a irlandia da skandinaviis qveynebi). 1 uuinstoninston leonardleonard spenserspenser CerCiliCerCili /1874-1965 ww./, didi European charter of human rights and the setting up of a court to enforce its deci- evropis saparlamento britaneTis premier-ministri (1940-1945 ww. da 1951-1955 sions. All the themes around which Europe was to be built were already sketched asamblea ww.) out in this initial project. The Congress also revealed the divergences, which were 2 1948 wlis TebervalSi momxdari e.w. ppraRisraRis gadatrialebigadatrialebis soon to divide unconditional supporters of a European federation (France and saerTaSoriso asparezze ganviTarebulma Sedegad Cexoslovakiis komunisturma partiam xelT igdo Belgium) from those who favoured simple inter-governmental co-operation, such movlenebma - aRmosavleT-dasavleTis Zalaufleba. as Great Britain, Ireland and the Scandinavian countries. daZabulma urTierTobam, romelic gamo- 3 meore msoflio omis Semdeg mokavSireebma berlini dayves 2 ixata ppraRisraRis gadatrialebiTagadatrialebiTa da bber-er- 4 nawilad: aRmosavleT nawili kontroldeboda sabWoTa llinisinis blokadiT,blokadiT 3 moiTxova seriozuli kavSiris mier, samxreT-dasavleTi nawili - aSS-is, dasavle- A European Parliamentary Assembly dafiqreba da dRis wesrigSi daayena Tis seqtori britaneTis, xolo Crdilo-dasavleTi nawili On the international scene, the sharp saxelmwifoebs Soris realuri TanamS- safrangeTis mier. 1948 wels sabWoTa kavSiris TaosnobiT 1 Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill /1874-1965/; The British romlobis aucilebloba. dawyebuli e.w. berlinis blokada gadaiqca sabWoTa kavSirisa Prime Minister (1940-1945 and 1951-1955). East-West tensions marked by the da aSS-is konfliqtis sagnad.

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evropis sabWos Seqmnis istoria da ganviTarebis etapebi: Sesavali 5

evropis kongresidan ori Tvis Semdeg safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa ministrma, JJorJorJ Prague coup2 and the Berlin blockade3 were to impart a sense of urgency to bbidom,idom 4 miiwvia bbriuselisriuselis xxelSekrulebazeelSekrulebaze5 xelmomweri partniorebi -– didi bri- the need to take action and devote serious thought to a genuine inter-state as- taneTi da beniluqsis qveynebi, agreTve, yvela sxva saxelmwifo, romelsac surda sociation. hhaagisaagis kongreszekongresze wamoWril winadadebaTa xorcSesxma. rroberober SumanmaSumanma6 , romelmac ramdenime dRis Semdeg Secvala bido, daadastura aRniSnuli iniciativa. arsebuli Two months after the Congress of Europe, Georges Bidault4, the French Minis- politikuri viTarebis fonze safrangeTi, romelsac mxari dauWira belgiam misi ter for Foreign Affairs, issued an invitation to his Brussels Treaty5 partners, the 7 premier-ministris ppolol aanrinri spaakisspaakis saxiT, gamovida im droisaTvis revoluciuri United Kingdom and the Benelux countries, and to all those who wished to give ideiT. man evropis saxelmwifoebs mouwoda, SeeqmnaT gafarToebuli Zalauflebis substance to The Hague proposals. Robert Schuman6, who replaced him a few mqone evropuli asamblea, romelSic Sevidodnen sxvadasxva qveynis erovnuli par- days later, confi rmed the invitation. France, supported by Belgium, in the person lamentebis wevrebi da romelic gadawyvetilebebs xmaTa umravlesobiT miiRebda. 7 sakiTxisadmi amgvari midgoma uaryo didma britaneTma, romelic emxroboda Tanam- of its Prime Minister Paul Henri Spaak , called for the creation of a European As- Sromlobis mTavrobaTaSoris formas, sadac asambleas mxolod saTaTbiro organos sembly, with wide-ranging powers, composed of members of parliament from the funqciebi mieniWeboda. various states and deciding by a majority vote. This plan, assigning a fundamental Tavisi pozicia britaneTma mxolod xangrZlivi molaparakebis Semdeg Seamsubuqa. role to the Assembly seemed quite revolutionary in an international order hitherto saboloo jamSi, 1949 wlis 27 da 28 ianvars, belgiis dedaqalaqSi, briuselis the exclusive preserve of governments. But Great Britain, which favoured a form xelSekrulebaze xelmomweri xuTi saxelmwifos8 sagareo saqmeTa ministrebma mi- of intergovernmental co-operation in which the Assembly would have a purely aRwies kompromiss, romlis Tanaxmadac evropis sabWos struqtura daefuZneboda consultative function, rejected this approach. or sayrdens - daxuruli sxdomebisTvis gansazRvrul ministrTa komitetsa da Ria sakonsultacio organos sazogadoebrivi SexvedrebisaTvis. TanamSromlobis momxreTa It only softened its stance after lengthy negotiations. Finally, on 27 and 28 January 8 dakmayofilebis mizniT asambleam miiRo wminda saTaTbiros saxe. gadawyvetilebis 1949 the fi ve ministers for foreign affairs of the Brussels Treaty countries, meet- mimRebi organos funqciebi ministrTa komitets daekisra. amasTanave, erTiani evro- ing in the Belgian capital, reached a compromise: a Council of Europe consisting puli federaciis mxardamWerTa moTxovnebis Sesasruleblad gadawyda, rom asambleis of a ministerial committee, to meet in private; and a consultative body, to meet in wevrebi imoqmedebdnen TavianT mTavrobaTagan damoukideblad, xmis micemis sruli public. In order to satisfy the supporters of co-operation the Assembly was purely TavisuflebiT. amasTan, didi britaneTis moTxovniT, wevrebi dainiSnebodnen erovnuli consultative in nature, with decision-making powers vested in the Committee mTavrobebis mier. of Ministers. In order to meet the demands of those partisans of a Europe-wide male kompromisis es mniSvnelovani aspeqti gadaxedil iqna da 1951 wlidan parlamentebs federation, members of the Assembly were independent of their governments, mieniWaT TavianT warmomadgenelTa damoukideblad arCevis uflebamosileba. with full voting freedom. The United Kingdom demanded that they be appointed `didi~ da `mcire~ evropa by their governments. This important aspect of the compromise was soon to be reviewed and, from 1951 onwards, parliaments alone were to choose their rep- 1949 wlis 5 maiss, londonSi, wminda jeimsis sasaxleSi, aTma saxelmwifom -Mbel- resentatives. giam, safrangeTma, luqsemburgma, niderlandebma, didma britaneTma, irlandiam, italiam, daniam, norvegiam da SvedeTma - xeli moawera SeTanxmebas eevropisvropis sabWossabWos wwesdebisesdebis “Greater” and “Smaller” Europe Sesaxeb. amieridan evropis sabWos SeeZlo moRvaweobis dawyeba. misi pirveli sesi- ebi Catarda strasburgSi (safrangeTi), sadac sabWom SemdgomSi bina daido. evro- On 5 May 1949, in St James’s Palace, London, the treaty constituting the Stat- pis sabWos daarsebidan sul male Seiqmna aadamianisdamianis uflebaTauflebaTa evropulievropuli konvencia,konvencia , ute of the Council of Europe was signed by ten countries: Belgium, France, romelsac 1950 wlis 4 noembers moewera xeli romSi. konvencia 1953 wlis 3 Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, accompanied by Ireland, seqtembers Sevida ZalaSi. Italy, Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The Council of Europe was now able to axladdaarsebulma organizaciam gaamarTla sazogadoebis farTo masebis molodini. start work. Its fi rst sessions were held in Strasbourg, which was to become its evropis sabWo maT esaxebodaT im aucilebel instrumentad, romlis meSveobiTac permanent seat. In the initial fl ush of enthusiasm, the fi rst major convention was gamoixateboda evropeli xalxis ZiriTadi miswrafebebi da sxvadasxvagvari poli- drawn up: the European Convention tikuri tendenciebi. swored es azri ido evropis sabWos daarsebis principSi, rac on Human Rights signed in Rome on naTlad aisaxa misi wesdebis I TavSi: `evropis sabWos mizania, miaRwios ufro did 2 After the Prague coup in February 1948 the Czechoslovakian communist party has came into force. 4 November 1950 and coming into force erTobas mis wevrebs Soris im idealebisa da miznebis dacvisa da ganxorcielebis mizniT, romlebic warmoadgenen maT saerTo memkvidreobas da xels uwyoben maT 3 By the end of the World War II the allies divided Berlin into on 3 September 1953. ekonomikur da socialur progress~. 4 parts: eastern part was under the control of USSR, the south-western by US, western by UK and the North-western The new organisation satisfi ed a very dasaxuli miznebis misaRwevad sabWos by French forces. A Soviet-backed Berlin blockade started on wide range of public opinion, which gadaeca da wesdebaSi Camoyalibebul 1948 became the reason of US-Soviet confrontation. saw in it an instrument through which 4 JJorJ-augustinorJ-augustin bidobido /1899-1983 ww./, safrangeTis sagareo iqna garkveuli berketebi. aRniSnul 4 Georges-Augustin Bidault /1899-1983/. French Foreign Min- saqmeTa ministri (1944-1946-1948 da 1953-54 ww.). mogvi- the various political tendencies, and the ister (1944-1946 1947-1948 and 1953-54), lately Minister of dokumentSi naTqvamia, rom `es mizani anebiT, 1951-52 wlebSi, Tavdacvis ministri. essential aspirations of the peoples of miRweul unda iqnes sabWos organoe- defense (1951-52). 5 1948 wlis 17 martis xelSekruleba ekonomikuri, socia- Europe, could be expressed. This was bis mier saerTo sakiTxebis ganxilviT, 5 Treaty of Economic, Social, and Cultural Collaboration luri da kulturuli TanamSromlobisa da saerTo Tavdacvis and Collective Self-Defense (“The Brussels Treaty”), indeed the purpose for which it was ekonomikur, socialur, kulturul, Sesaxeb (`bbriuselisriuselis SSeTanxmeba~).eTanxmeba samecniero, samarTlebriv da adminis- March 17, 1948. founded, as clearly stated in Chapter I 6 rroberober Sumani,Sumani /1886-1963/ safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa mini- traciul sakiTxebze SeTanxmebebiT da 6 Robert Schuman /1886-1963/ French Foreign Minister (1948- of its Statute: “The aim of the Council stri (1948-1952 ww.). saerTo zomebis miRebiT, adamianis ufle- 1952). of Europe is to achieve a greater unity 7 ppolol aanrinri spaakispaaki /1899-1972 ww./, belgiis premier-ministri baTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis 7 Paul Henri Spaak /1899-1972/. Belgian Prime Minister (1938- between its Members for the purpose (1938-39, 1946, 1947-49 ww.). xelSewyobiTa da Semdgomi xorcSesxmiT~. 39, 1946, 1947-49). of safeguarding and realising the ideals miRweuli kompromisis Tanaxmad, wesdebaSi 8 bbriuselisriuselis xxelSekrulebiselSekrulebis xelmomweri xuTi qveyana: belgia, 8 Five signatory states of the Brussels Treaty: Belgium, France, safrangeTi, luqsemburgi, niderlandebi da didi britaneTi. and principles which are their common aranairi miniSneba ar gakeTebula haagis Luxemburg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.

4 A short history of the Council of Europe: Introduction 6 7

evropis sabWos Seqmnis istoria da ganviTarebis etapebi: Sesavali 7

kongresis delegatTa mier mowodebuli `ekonomikuri da politikuri erTobis~ heritage, and facilitating their economic and social progress.” xorcSesxmis mizniT konstituciis Seqmnis an erovnuli suverenitetis daTmobisa Tu Serwymis Sesaxeb. In order to achieve its objectives, certain means were made available to the Council and were listed in the Statute, which specifi ed that: “This aim shall be pursued arsebulma mdgomareobam warmoSva ori organos Seqmnis aucilebloba, rac uzrunvel- through the organs of the Council by discussion of questions of common concern yofda politikur da ekonomikur frontebze wamoWril saswrafo sakiTxTa dargob- riv gadawyvetas. germaniis federaciuli respublikis gawevrianebis Semdeg mokle and by agreements and common action in economic, social, cultural, scientifi c, xanSi rober Sumanma evropis sabWos yvela wevr saxelmwifos mimarTa winadadebiT, legal and administrative matters and in the maintenance and further realisation daearsebinaT sxvadasxvagvari politikuri da sabiujeto saSualebebiT aRWurvili of human rights and fundamental freedoms.” In accordance with the compromise evropis qqvanaxSirisavanaxSirisa dada foladisfoladis Tanamegobroba.Tanamegobroba reached, the Statute made no mention of drawing up a constitution, or of pooling Sumanis winadadebas gamoexmaura integraciis ideis yvelaze metad momxre eqvsi national sovereignty, in order to achieve the “economic and political union” called saxelmwifo _ belgia, safrangeTi, italia, luqsemburgi, niderlandebi da germaniis for by The Hague delegates. federaciuli respublika _ da 1951 wlis 9 maiss xeli moewera Tanamegobrobis Consequently, the need was soon felt to set up separate bodies to address the Sesaxeb pirvel SeTanxmebas. urgent questions arising on the political and economic fronts. Shortly after the `didi evropis~ saqmianobis Sedegad miRebuli gamocdilebisa da pasuxismgeblobis accession of the Federal Republic of Germany, Robert Schuman approached all safuZvelze gaZlierebulma `mcire evropam~ daiwyo `Tavisi wvlilis Setana jer the Council of Europe countries with a proposal for a European Coal and Steel ucnob saqmeSi~, rasac evropis aRmSenebloba erqva. Community, to be provided with very different political and budgetary means. evropis sabWos ganviTarebis The six countries most attached to the ideal of integration - Belgium, France, Italy, sawyisi etapebi Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the Federal Republic of Germany - joined, daarsebidan 1970 wlamde evropis sabWos damfuZnebel saxelmwifoebs kidev rva and on 9 May 1951 signed the very fi rst Community treaty. Strengthened by the qveyana miuerTda (gawevrianebis TanmimdevrobiT _ saberZneTi, islandia, TurqeTi, experience and commitment which had brought the “Greater Europe” into exis- germania (gfr), avstria, kviprosi, Sveicaria da malta). mTeli am drois ganmavlobaSi tence, the “Smaller Europe” was now making its own “leap into the unknown” of organizaciam etapobrivad ganaviTara Tavisi struqtura da ZiriTadi institutebi. European construction. magaliTad, 1960 wels gaimarTa aadamianisdamianis uflebaTauflebaTa evropulievropuli sasamarTlossasamarTlos pirveli sajaro mosmena. amave wlebSi Catarda ministrTa komitetis specializebuli konfer- Early developments enciebi. 70-iani wlebis dasawyisisaTvis es konferenciebi bevrad ufro farTo speq- tris sferoebs moicavda. 1959 wels Catarebulma pirvelma amgvarma Sexvedram Tavi In the years between 1949 and 1970, eight new countries joined the founder mem- mouyara socialur da ojaxur sakiTxebze pasuxismgebel evropel ministrebs. bers: in order of accession Greece, Iceland, Turkey, Germany, Austria, Cyprus, 1961 wlis 18 oqtombers romSi xeli moewera eevropisvropis ssocialurocialur qqartias,artias romelic Switzerland and Malta. In this period, the organisation gradually developed its sabWos mier adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis damatebiT dokumentad ganixileba structure and its major institutions. Thus, the fi rst public hearing of the European socialuri sferoSi. 1965 wlis 26 Tebervals qartia ZalaSi Sevida. es mniSvnelovani Court of Human Rights took place in 1960. These years also saw the introduc- dokumenti warmoadgens uflebaTa 19 saxes, maT Soris, gaficvisa da socialuri dacvis tion of the fi rst specialized ministerial conferences; by the early 1970s they had uflebebs, magram ar gaaCnia adamianis uflebaTa konvenciis moqmedebis msgavsi efeqtiani been extended to cover a wide range of areas. The fi rst, in 1959, brought together meqanizmi. miuxedavad amisa, igi etapobrivad viTardeba socialur uflebaTa dacvis European ministers responsible for social and family affairs. On 18 October 1961, saerTo instrumentad da vrceldeba mTeli evropis masStabiT. the European Social Charter was signed in Rome: a text which the Council sees amave periodSi - 1961 wels - daarsda kkulturuliulturuli TanamSromlobisTanamSromlobis sabWosabWo. am sabWoSi as the counterpart of the European Convention on Human Rights in the social gawevrianebis ufleba mieca im qveynebsac, romlebic ar Sediodnen evropis sabWos domain. SemadgenlobaSi. erT-erTi aseTi qveyana iyo fineTi, romelic Tavad sabWos mxolod 28 wlis Semdeg SeuerTda. am periodSi daarsda eevropulivropuli farmakopeafarmakopea (1964 w.) da The Charter came into force on 26 February 1965. It sets out 19 rights, including gaixsna eevropisvropis axalgazrduliaxalgazrduli centriccentric (1967 w.). the right to strike and the right to social protection, but does not have such effective krizisi machinery as the Human Rights Convention. Nevertheless, it is gradually develop- ing into a common body of social rights that apply right across Europe. evropis sabWos pirveli da mniSvnelovani politikuri krizisi 1967 wels dadga, rodesac saberZneTSi oficerTa gundma daamxo kanonieri gziT arCeuli mTavroba The same era saw the institution of the Council for Cultural Co-operation in da daamyara evropis sabWos mier dadgenili demokratiuli normebis sawinaaRmdego, 1961, which non-Council of Europe member states were allowed to join from the avtoritaruli mmarTveloba. 1969 wlis 12 dekembers, sul ori saaTiT adre, vidre outset. One example was Finland, which only joined the Council itself 28 years evropis sabWo miiRebda gadawyvetilebas saberZneTis garicxvis Sesaxeb, oficrebis later. Similarly, the European Pharmacopoeia was founded in 1964 and the reJimma daaCqara movlenebi, uaryo adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia da gavida European Youth Centre in 1967. evropis sabWos Semadgenlobidan. saberZneTis wevroba ar ganaxlebula momdevno xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, 1974 wlis 28 noembramde, rodesac moxda diqtaturis Crises damxoba da demokratiis aRdgena. amave periodSi, 1974 wels, Tavi iCina kviprosis problemamac, rac gamoixata TurqeTis samxedro intervenciiTa da kunZulis dayofiT. The Council of Europe’s fi rst major political crisis came in 1967 when the Greek evropis sabWosaTvis es metad negatiur gamocdilebas warmoadgenda. evropis sabWosa colonels overthrew the legally elected government and installed an authoritarian da gaero-s generaluri mdivnis mcdeloba, monawileoba mieRoT sakiTxis mogvarebaSi, regime which openly contravened the democratic principles defended by the sruli warumateblobiT dasrulda. organisation. On 12 December 1969, just a few hours before a decision would krizisis axalma wyarom iCina Tavi 1981 wels, rodesac saparlamento asambleam ramde- have been taken to exclude Greece, the colonels’ regime anticipated matters by nime kviriT adre momxdar samxedro gadatrialebaze sapasuxod, TurqeTis delegatebs denouncing the European Convention on Human Rights and withdrawing from the

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evropis sabWos Seqmnis istoria da ganviTarebis etapebi: Sesavali 9

gauuqma saparlamento adgilebi. parlamentSi Tavisi adgilebi TurqeTis delegaciam Council of Europe. It did not return until fi ve years later, on 28 November 1974 mxolod 1984 wels, demokratiuli arCevnebis Catarebis Semdeg daibruna. after the fall of the dictatorship and the restoration of democracy. In the meantime, dasavleT evropis sivrceSi ukanaskneli avtoritaruli reJimis dasasruli saberZ- the Cypriot crisis, which broke out in the summer of 1974 and culminated in the neTis dabrunebiT aRiniSna. 1976 wlis 22 seqtembers organizaciaSi gawevrianda partitioning of the island after Turkish military intervention, represented a fairly portugalia. es moxda ssalacaristebisalacaristebis9 48 wliani diqtaturis damamxobeli mSvido- negative experience for the Council of Europe, whose discreet efforts to broker biani revoluciidan (1974 wlis aprili) ori wlis Semdeg. 1977 wlis 24 noembers a solution, alongside those of the United Nations’ Secretary General, were not ki evropis sabWoSi espaneTic Sevida, rac SesaZlebeli gaxda 1975 wels ggeneraleneral crowned with success. ffrankosrankos10 gardacvalebis Semdeg. A new crisis arose in 1981 when the Parliamentary Assembly withdrew the Tur- daaxloeba aRmosavleTTan kish parliamentary delegation’s right to their seats in response to the military coup kidev erTi rTuli periodi evropis sabWos moRvaweobaSi dadga 1985 wels, rodesac d’état a few weeks earlier. The Turkish delegation only resumed its place in 1984 aRmosavleT da centralur evropaSi demokratiis gavrcelebis mizniT, organizaciis after the holding of free elections. mxridan gadaidga pirveli konkretuli nabijebi. 1985 wlis ianvarSi ministrTa Greece’s return marked the disappearance of the last authoritarian regime in komitetis Tavmjdomarem, hhans-ditrixans-ditrix genSerma,genSerma 11 moiwvia Tavisi kolegebi sagangebo sesiaze, romelic mieZRvna aRmosavleT-dasavleTis urTierTobebs. es iyo erTgvari Western Europe. Portugal had made its Council of Europe debut on 22 September anarekli im mniSvnelovani procesebisa, rac maSin viTardeboda aRmosavleT evro- 1976, two years after its peaceful revolution of April 1974, bringing an end to 48 pis qveynebSi _ rumineTSi, poloneTsa da sabWoTa kavSirSi, sadac xelisuflebis years of Salazarist9 dictatorship, while the death of General Franco10 in 1975 saTaveSi movida mmixeilixeil gorbaCovi.gorbaCovi 12 am procesebis Sedegad SesaZlebeli gaxda ev- eventually led to Spain’s accession on 24 November 1977. ropuli kulturuli TviTmyofadobis ideis aRmoceneba. swored am ideas exeboda 1985 wlis aprilSi miRebuli rezolucia. evropis sabWom, romelsac sjeroda, rom A rapprochement with East erToba Tundac mravalsaxeobis SemTxvevaSi warmoadgenda evropuli memkvidreobis safuZvels, mkafiod daafiqsira Tavisi pozicia, romlis Tanaxmadac saxelmwifoTa A further, critical stage in the Council of Europe’s life started in 1985 with the fi rst saerTo tradiciebi da evropuli TviTSegneba ar izRudeba sxvadasxva politikur movements to introduce democracy to central and Eastern Europe. In January sistemaTa sazRvrebiT. amasTan, evrosaTaTbiros (CSCE) saboloo aqtiT organizaciam of that year Hans-Dietrich Genscher11, Chairman of the Committee of Ministers, xazi gausva, rom kulturuli TanamSromlobis gaZliereba aris xalxebs da mTav- invited his colleagues to take part in an extraordinary session devoted entirely robebs Soris urTierTgagebis SenarCunebisa da ganviTarebis efeqtiani saSualeba. to East-West relations. This process of refl ection, that took account of the trend Tavis mxriv, aRmosavleT evropis qveynebi didi mondomebiT Caebnen am mravlismomtani emerging in Eastern Europe - in Romania and Poland, and in the Soviet Union, procesis ganviTarebis saqmeSi. where Mikhail Gorbachev12 had just come to power - gave rise to the notion of a bolos da bolos, daaxloeba gaxda ara marto SesaZlebeli, aramed aucilebelic. European cultural identity, which became the subject of a resolution in April 1985. bunebrivia, evropis sabWo metad kmayofili iyo aRmosavleT evropis sivrceSi Convinced that unity in diversity was the basis of the wealth of Europe’s heritage, demokratiis procesis dinamiuri gavrcelebiT da im socialuri da ekonomikuri ZvrebiT, romlebic Tan sdevda e.w. ``perestroikas~perestroikas~13. aRniSnul procesebSi evropis the Council of Europe noted that their common tradition and European identity did sabWos roli da movaleoba mdgomareobda am axali mimarTulebis mxardaWeraSi, mis not stop at the boundaries between the various political systems; it stressed, in the Seuqcevad procesad Camoyalibebasa da yvela im qveynisaTvis daxmarebis gawevaSi, light of the CSCE Final Act, the advantage of consolidating cultural co-operation romlebic am rTul procesebSi Tanadgomas saWiroebdnen. organizaciis amocana gaxda as a means of promoting a lasting understanding between peoples and between TanamSromlobis warmarTva ara sakuTari damkvidrebuli principebis uaryofiT, ara- governments. The Eastern European countries grasped this outstretched hand med arsebuli mdgomareobisadmi maTi morgebis gziT. with enthusiasm. es gaxda evropis sabWos saxelmZRvanelo principi da gamoixata ministrTa komitetis Rapprochement had at last become not only possible but necessary. The Council mier samoqmedo kursis SecvlaSi, rac 1989 wlis 5 maisis deklaraciaSi Camoyalibda. axali mimarTulebiT gadadgmuli nabijebi sakmaod warmatebuli gamodga, rasac xeli of Europe was naturally delighted by the process of democratisation set in motion Seuwyo aqtiurma molaparakebebma (maT Soris: generaluri mdivnis vizitma ungreTSi, in the East, together with the economic and social reforms introduced in the name Semdeg ki poloneTSi; saparlamento asambleis prezidentis vizitebma budapeStsa of perestroika13. It was the Council’s role and purpose to support this trend, to help da varSavaSi; mogvianebiT, aRmosavleT evropis qveynebisa da sabWoTa kavSiris make it irreversible, and to fulfi ll the expectations of the countries calling upon it warmomadgenel eqspertTa delegaciebis for assistance. Not of course by renouncing its principles but, on the contrary, by vizitebma strasburgSi da a.S.). mdgo- making them a precondition for any form of co-operation. mareobis amgvarma Semobrunebam safuZveli 9 1974 wlis aprils dawyebuli revoluciis (~Revolução dos Cravos ~ – `yvavilebis revolucia~) Sedegad daemxo This became the Council of Europe’s Cauyara myar TanamSromlobas da saerTo antonio de oliveira salacarisa /1889-1970/ (1932-68 ww.) strategiebis gansazRvras. da misi memkvidris marselo kaetanos /1906-1980/ (1968-74 9 After the revolution of April 1974 /”Revolução dos Cravos” guiding principle, as refl ected in the ww.) diqtatoruli reJimi. – “Revolution of Flovers” / the dictatorship of António Oliveira Committee of Ministers’ change of amgvarad, evropis sabWos samoqmedo are- Salazar /1889-1970/ (1932-68) and his successor Marcello ali gaizarda da swrafad gafarTovda 10 ffransiskoransisko frankofranko bahamondebahamonde /1892-1975 ww./, espaneTis diqta- Caetano /1906-1980/ (1968-74) was overthrown; course set out in its declaration of 5 May aRmosavleTis mimarTulebiT. gawevri- tori (1938-1975 ww.). 1989. The new direction represented 10 Francisco Franco Bahamonde /1892-1975/. Spanish dictator anebis kandidati axali qveynebisaTvis 11 hhans-ditrixans-ditrix genSeri,genSeri germaniis federaciuli respublikis (1936-1975); both an achievement and a fi rst step, organizacia warmoadgenda molaparakebaTa sagareo saqmeTa ministri (1974-1992 ww). and was the outcome of a number of principze dafuZnebul erTgvar gardama- 11 Hans-Dietrich Genscher. Foreign Minister of the Federal 12 mmixeilixeil gorbaCovigorbaCovi , sabWoTa kavSiris komunisturi partiis Republic of Germany (1974-1992); exchanges (the Secretary General’s val safexurs diqtaturidan demokratiu- centraluri komitetis generaluri mdivani (1985-1991 visit to Hungary, then Poland; the visits li wyobisaken, risi magaliTic warsulSi ww.). 12 Mikhail Gorbachev. Secretary General of the Central Com- mittee of the Soviet Communist Party (1985-1991). by the President of the Parliamentary portugaliam da espaneTma gvaCvenes. 13 `pperestroika~erestroika - 80-ian wlebSi mixeil gorbaCovis mier sab- WoTa kavSirSi radikaluri socialur-ekonomikuri reformis 13 The programme presented by Mikhail Gorbachev in 80s was Assembly to Budapest and Warsaw, gasatareblad warmodgenili programa. aiming at the radical social-political reform in USSR. and the visits to Strasbourg of delega-

8 A short history of the Council of Europe: Introduction 10 11

evropis sabWos Seqmnis istoria da ganviTarebis etapebi: Sesavali 11

saerTo evropuli saxli tions and experts from the USSR and other East European countries). This new departure gave momentum to a process that was to continue to accelerate, ex- 80-iani wlebis dasasruls sabWoTa kavSiris lideri mixeil gorbaCovi gamovida ceeding even the most optimistic expectations. mimarTviT dasavleT evropis asambleis parmalentarTa winaSe. damTxveva ar yofila is faqtic, rom sabWoTa liderma Tavisi moxsenebis wasakiTxad airCia evropis sabWo, Eastern European countries were now knocking impatiently at the door of the sadac 1989 wlis 6 ivlisis gamosvlaSi man wamoayena ganiaraRebis axali winadadeba Council of Europe, that guardian of human rights; the organisation became a kind (mokle radiusis moqmedebis birTvul raketaTa calmxrivi Semcirebis Sesaxeb), saerTo of antechamber for negotiating the transition from dictatorship and democracy, as evropuli saxlis ganviTarebis idea (Zalis gamouyenebloba, breJnevis doqtrinis had previously been the case with Portugal and Spain. uaryofa da socializmis mxardaWera) da isaubra adamianis uflebebze (Tumca ar mouxsenebia evropuli konvencia!). A common European Home evropis sabWom Zalze frTxilad daiwyo axali urTierTobebis damyareba. 1989 wels saparlamento asambleam arCeviT safuZvelze daaarsa specialuri stumris statusi, It is no coincidence that the fi rst address by a Soviet leader to an assembly of gansazRvruli im qveyanaTa erovnuli asambleebisaTvis, romelTac surdaT, xeli Western European parliamentarians should have taken place at the Council of moeweraT helsinkis saboloo aqtisa da adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb gaerTianebuli Europe. Mikhail Gorbachev chose this particular chamber - on 6 July 1989 - to put erebis organizaciis SeTanxmebisaTvis. amgvari statusi dauyovnebliv mieniWaT un- forward a new disarmament proposal (unilateral reduction of short-range nuclear greTis, poloneTis, sabWoTa kavSirisa da iugoslaviis asambleebs. amasTan, gza missiles), to promote the idea of a Common European Home (non-use of force, gaexsna mierTebis msurvel yofili ssabWoTaabWoTa bblokislokis qveynebs14. renunciation of the Brezhnev doctrine and maintenance of socialism), and to dis- mixeil gorbaCovis gamosvlidan oTxi Tvis Semdeg, 1989 wlis 9 noembers, daemxo cuss human rights (albeit without referring to the European Convention!). bberliniserlinis kedelikedeli15. xsenebul Zvrebze gamoxmaurebis saxiT, imave wlis 23 noembers evropis sabWos generalurma mdivanma ganacxada, rom mxolod evropis sabWos Ses- The Council of Europe started to open its gates very carefully. In 1989, the Par- wevs Zala, gaaerTianos evropis yvela qveyana, rodesac es qveynebi daamkvidreben liamentary Assembly established the very selective special guest status for the demokratiul kanonebs. national assemblies of countries willing to apply the Helsinki fi nal act and the United 80-iani wlebis miwuruls mimdinare cvlilebebma, gansakuTrebiT ki e.w. ``rkinisrkinis Nations Covenant on Human Rights. The status was immediately granted to the ffardis~ardis~16 moSlam, aRniSna evropis sabWos axali politikuri rolis dasawyisi. assemblies of Hungary, Poland, USSR and Yugoslavia and opened the way to the full accession of the former Soviet bloc14 countries. ungreTis gawevrianeba Four months after Mikhail Gorbachev’s address the Berlin wall15 fell on 9 No- 1990 wlis 6 noembers, Tavisi qveynis evropis sabWoSi gawevrianebasTan dakavSirebiT, vember 1989. This provided the opportunity for the Council of Europe’s Secretary ungreTis sagareo saqmeTa ministrma ganacxada, rom am movlenam safuZveli Cauyara General to state, on 23 November, that the Council was the only organisation kontinentze erTobis aRdgenas. capable of encompassing all the countries of Europe, once they had adopted axali evropeli partniorebisaTvis gamocdilebisa da codnis gaziarebis mizniT, democratic rules. saswrafod SemuSavda da warmodgenil iqna sagangebo samoqmedo programebi. kandidat qveynebSi mimdinare demokratiul cvlilebaTa warmatebiT dasasruleblad Sedgenili The historical changes of 80s’ last decade, especially the dismantling of an “Iron es programebi gaTvaliswinebuli iyo rogorc gawevrianebamde, ise gawevrianebis Curtain”16 marked the start of the organisation’s new political role. Semdgomi periodebisTvis. aRniSnuli programebi warmoadgenda programebis ddemo-emo- ssTenes,Tenes , TTemisisaemisisa da llodisodis117 sagangebod am qveynebis saWiroebebisTvis misadagebul Hungary’s accession variantebs, romelTa yuradReba gamax- Referring to his country’s accession to the Council of Europe on 6 November 1990, vilebuli iyo iseT sakvanZo sakiTxebze, 14 1955 wlis 1 maiss gaformebuli e.w. varSavis paqtis (megobro- rogoric aris axali konstituciebis bis, TanamSromlobisa da urTierTdaxmarebis xelSekruleba) the Hungarian Minister for Foreign Af- SemuSaveba, demokratiuli kanonmde- monawile (aRmosavluri blokis) qveynebi: albaneTis saxalxo 14 Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance fairs said that the event marked the fi rst respublika, bulgareTis saxalxo respublika, ungreTis (Warsaw Pact) Between the People’s Republic of Albania, blobis adamianis uflebaTa evropul saxalxo respublika, germaniis demokratiuli respublika, po- step in the re-establishment of the unity konvenciasTan SesabamisobaSi moyvana, the People’s Republic of Bulgaria, the Hungarian People’s loneTis saxalxo respublika, rumineTis saxalxo respublika, Republic, the German Democratic Republic, the Polish of the continent. samoqalaqo samsaxurebis reorganizacia, sabWoTa kavSiri da Cexoslovakiis respublika. People’s Republic, the Rumanian People’s Republic, the Union Special programmes were rapidly intro- damoukidebeli samarTalwarmoebisa 15 berlinis kedeli - germaniis demokratiuli respublikidan of Soviet Socialist Republics, and the Czechoslovak Republic da mediis damkvidreba, adgilobrivi ltolvilTa masobrivi gadinebis da amis Sedegad socialisturi (i.e. Eastern Bloc States) (May 1, 1955 – July 1,1991). duced to meet the most pressing needs demokratiis xelSewyoba da a.S. wyobis dasustebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, 1961 wlis 13 15 In order to reduce the massive immigration fl ows from the and allow the new European partners, agvistos aigo berlinis kedeli, romelmac srul izolaciaSi Democratic Republic of Germany (GDR) and therefore avoid both before and after their accession, to saerTo jamSi, programaTa mTavari moaxvedra aRmosavleT berlini. 1989 wlis noemberSi berlinis the weakening of the socialist regime, in 13 August 1961 was draw on a shared fund of knowledge and mizani gaxda axali partniorebis kedeli daeca. constructed the Berlin Wall, which has totally isolated the city. momzadeba evropis demokratiuli da experience to enable them to complete 16 e.w. `civi omis~ dasawyisis aRmniSvneli es gamoTqma momdina- In November 1989 the wall felt down. samarTlebrivi Tanamegobrobis srul- reobs 1946 wlis 5 marts, Stat misuris (aSS) vestminsteris 16 This expression proceeds from the Iron Curtain Speech. On their democratic transition. These pro- fasovan wevrebad. kolejis (q. fultoni) TxovniT, uinston CerCilis mier war- March 5, 1946, at the request of Westminster College in the grammes were dubbed Demosthenes, moTqmuli `rkinis fardis~ saxeliT cnobili gamosvlidan. samiti venaSi small Missouri town of Fulton, Winston Churchill gave his now Themis and Lode17 and focused on the famous “Iron Curtain” speech. 17 TanamSromlobis iseTi programebi, rogorebicaa demosTene, key areas of reform: how to design new 1992 wlis 4 maiss, saerTo evropul Temisi da lodi, romlebic evropis sabWom warmoadgina 90-ian 17 The co-operation programmes like Demosthenes, Themis and wlebSi, miznad isaxavs evropaSi sustad ganviTarebul demokra- constitutions, bring domestic legislation saxlSi centraluri da aRmosavleT Lode were initiated by the Council of Europe in the beginning tiaTa kerebis xelSewyobas, maTi politikuri, sakanonmdeblo of 90s. The aim of those programs is to support the develop- into line with the European Conven- evropis qveynebis integrirebisadmi da konstituciuri reformebis mxardaWeras da gamocdilebiT ing democracies in strengthening the political, legislative and tion on Human Rights, reorganise the miZRvnil sesiaze, mimarTviT gamovida daxmarebas iseT sferoebSi, rogoricaa adgilobrivi mmarTveloba, constitutional reforms, provide them with assistance in the civil service, establish an independent safrangeTis prezidenti ffransuaransua mi-mi- samarTalwarmoeba, sasjelaRsrulebiTi dawesebulebebis marTva fi elds of local governance, justice, management of penitentiary da a.S. institutions etc. judiciary and an independent media,

10 A short history of the Council of Europe: Introduction 12 13

evropis sabWos Seqmnis istoria da ganviTarebis etapebi: Sesavali 13

tterani.erani 18 gamosvlisas prezidentma dasva kiTxva, Tu ratom ar unda ikribebodnen encourage local democracy. In other words, how to become a full member of the evropis sabWos wevr qveyanaTa saxelmwifosa da mTavrobaTa meTaurebi yovel or European democratic and legal community. weliwadSi. xangrZlivi ganxilvis Semdeg winadadeba miRebul iqna, marTalia, nawilo- briv, da avstriam, romelic maSin Tavmjdomareobda ministrTa komitets (1992 Summit in Vienna wlis maissa da 1993 wlis noembers Soris periodSi), damswreT SesTavaza samitis organizeba da maspinZloba. On 4 May 1992, François Mitterrand18 addressed the Parliamentary Assembly in a session largely devoted to integrating the countries of central and eastern 1993 wlis 8-9 oqtombers venaSi Catarda samiti, romlis Tanaxmadac damtkicda da ganivrco gafarToebisa da e.w. gaxsnis politika. amave samitma gamoyo sami ZiriTadi Europe in the building of a new Europe. Why, he asked, should all the heads of prioriteti, sadac erT-erTi umTavresi adgili daeTmo adamianis uflebaTa evro- state and government of the Council of Europe’s member countries not meet every puli konvenciis ufro moqnili da efeqtiani samoqmedo meqanizmis Camosayalibeblad two years, alternating with meetings of the CSCE? The proposal was adopted at reformis gatarebas. swored amas exeba konvenciis damatebiTi me-11 oqmi. garda amisa, least in part and Austria, which chaired the Committee of Ministers between May venis samitze gansakuTrebiT gamaxvilda yuradReba erovnul umciresobaTa dacvaze, and November 1993, offered to organise and host the summit. ris Sedegadac ori wlis Semdeg miRebul iqna erovnul umciresobaTa dacvisa da Seuwynareblobis winaaRmdeg brZolaze CarCo-konvenciebi. The summit was held in Vienna on 8 and 9 October 1993 and confi rmed and ex- tended the policy of opening up and enlargement. It also identifi ed three priorities, amgvarad, evropis sabWom SeiZina axali roli - gaxdes saerTo saxli yvela im qveynisaTvis, romelic miiswrafis demokratiisken, da daamkvidros demokratiuli starting with the reform of the European Convention on Human Rights machinery usafrTxoeba mTeli kontinentis masStabiT. am rolis Sesabamisad evropis sabWom to make it more expeditious and effective. This is the subject of the Convention’s venis samitis Semdgomi wlebis ganmavlobaSi mkafiod gansazRvra da daxvewa is Protocol no 11. The Vienna summit also laid great emphasis on the protection of valdebulebebi, romelTa Sesrulebiskenac unda iswrafodes sabWoSi gawevrianebis national minorities, which was to lead to the adoption of a framework convention msurveli nebismieri qveyana. less than two years later, and combating intolerance. evropis sabWo gafarToebul evropaSi Thus with its new-found role of offering a home to all the countries of Europe willing to opt for democracy, thereby establishing a continent-wide democratic ukve sabolood panevropuli organizaciis saxe evropis sabWom 1996 wlis Teber- valSi, ruseTis federaciis gawevrianebis Semdeg miiRo. am droidan moyolebuli 800 security area, the Council of Europe has used the years since Vienna to develop milioni moqalaqe miiRebs monawileobas axali evropis mSeneblobaSi. moRvaweobis am and refi ne the undertakings which any applicant country for membership must be axal etapze sabWo Tavisi saqmianobiT unda miesadagos im axlebur garemos, romelic willing to accept. ara marto ufro vrceli da gacilebiT mravalferovania, aramed ufro rTuli da naklebad stabiluric. yovelive es ki cvlis evropis sabWos TanamSromlobisken The Council of Europe in an enlarged Europe mimarTuli programebis xasiaTs. The arrival of the Russian Federation in February 1996 meant that the institution ganviTarda da gaZlierda sameTvalyureo saqmianoba. Tanamedrove moTxovnilebaTa had fi nally become fully pan-European. Henceforth, 800 million citizens would Tanaxmad, gacilebiT meti yuradReba eqceva imas, Tu ra xdeba ama Tu im konkretul be concerned in building the new Europe. The Council’s activities are now hav- adgilas (magaliTad, urTierTndobis ganmtkicebis an Seuwynareblobis daZlevis gziT). axal prioritetTa Soris gaCnda migracia, korufcia, erovnebis mopovebis ing to adapt to an environment that is not only wider and more diverse but also ufleba, socialuri gariyva da umciresobebi. 1998 wlis 1 noembers adamianis more complex and less stable. This is changing the nature of its co-operation uflebaTa dacvis orgvari meqanizmi Seicvala erTiani sasamarTloTi, romelmac programmes. bina britaneli arqiteqtoris riCard rojersis proeqtiT aSenebul, e.w. `adamianis Support and monitoring activities are being strengthened. More attention is being uflebaTa SenobaSi~ daido da 1995 wlis ivnisSi amoqmedda. paid to what happens on the ground, for example via confi dence measures or amavdroulad, ufro mWidro integraciis mizniT, Tavisi TanamSromloba centralur da campaigns to combat intolerance. New priorities are emerging such as migration, 19 aRmosavleT evropis qveynebTan gaafarTova ramdenime sxva evropulma da Crdilo- corruption, the right to be granted nationality, social exclusion and minorities. The atlantikurma organizaciam20. eevrokavSirisvrokavSiris mTavrobaTaSorisi konferenciisa da madridSi Catarebuli nnato-sato samitis egidiT warmoebulma Semdgomma saqmianobam dual machinery for protecting human rights was replaced on 1 November 1998 TvalnaTliv aCvena, rom samomavlod evropuli TanamSromloba ganviTardeba da ga- by a single Court, housed in the Human Rights Building designed by the British Zlierdeba. architect Richard Rogers and inaugurated in June 1995. At the same time several other European19 or North Atlantic20 institutions have been increasing their co-operation with the countries of central and eastern Europe, offering the prospect of closer integration. The work under the auspices of the intergovernmental conference of the European Union and NATO summit held in Madrid, show that European co-operation will continue to develop.

18 fransua miterani /1916-1996 ww/, safrangeTis prezidenti (1981-1988 da 1988-1995 ww.). 18 François Mitterrand /1916-1996/. President of the Republic of France (1981-1988 and 1988-1995). 19 evrokavSiri, euTo da a.S. 19 EU, OSCE etc. 20 Crdiloatlantikuri organizacia `nato~ (1949 wlis 4 aprils, vaSingtonSi /aSS/ xeli moewera nato-s damaarsebel 20 North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (On 4 April 1949, in Wash- xelSekrulebas. amJamad nato-Si 26 wevri qveyana Sedis). ington (USA) an agreement was signed establishing NATO).

12 A short history of the Council of Europe: Introduction 14 15

15 evropis sabWo: The Council of Europe: mimoxilva an overview adamianis uflebebze damyarebuli wesdeba A statute built on human rights evropis sabWoSi gawevrianeba SeuZlia evropis nebismier saxelmwifos, romelic aRiarebs kanonis uzenaesobis principebs da uzrunvelyofs misi iurisdiqciis qveS Any European state can become a member of the Council of Europe provided it myofi adamianebis uflebebsa da ZiriTad Tavisuflebebs. accepts the principle of the rule of law and guarantees human rights and funda- miznebi mental freedoms to everyone under its jurisdiction.

evropis sabWo aris mTavrobaTaSorisi organizacia, romlis mizania: Aims 6 adamianis uflebebis, pluralisturi demokratiisa da kanonis uzenae- The Council of Europe is an intergovernmental organisation which aims: sobis dacva; 6 to protect human rights, pluralist democracy and the rule of law; 6 evropis kulturuli TviTmyofadobis da mravalferovnebis ganviTarebisa 6 to promote awareness and encourage the development of Europe’s cultural da am sferoSi codnis gavrcelebis xelSewyoba; identity and diversity; 6 evropuli sazogadoebis winaSe mdgom problemaTa (umciresobaTa diskrimi- nacia, qsenofobia, Seuwynarebloba, garemos dacva, adamianis klonireba, 6 to seek solutions to problems facing European society (discrimination against Sidsi, narkotikebi, terorizmi, organizebuli danaSauli da a.S.) gadaw- minorities, xenophobia, intolerance, environmental protection, human clon- yvetis gzebis Zieba; ing, Aids, drugs, terrorism, organised crime, etc.); 6 politikur, sakanonmdeblo da konstituciur reformaTa mxardaWeris 6 to help consolidate democratic stability in Europe by backing political, leg- gziT evropaSi demokratiuli stabilurobis ganmtkiceba. islative and constitutional reform. 46 wevri qveyana 46 member states

1949 wlis 5 maiss aTi saxelmwifos (belgia, dania, safrangeTi, irlandia, italia, Set up on 5 May 1949 by 10 countries (Belgium, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, luqsemburgi, niderlandebi, norvegia, SvedeTi da gaerTianebuli samefo*) mier da- Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom), joined by Greece fuZnebul organizacias 1949 wlis agvistoSi saberZneTi da TurqeTi miuerTdnen. sadReisod evropis sabWoSi gawevrianebulia 46 qveyana**: islandia da germania (1950), and Turkey in August 1949, the Council of Europe now has 46 member states* : avstria (1956), kviprosi (1961), Sveicaria (1963), malta (1965), portugalia (1976), Iceland and Germany (1950), Austria (1956), Cyprus (1961), Switzerland (1963), espaneTi (1977), lixtenSteini (1978), san-marino (1988), fineTi (1989), ungreTi (1990), Malta (1965), Portugal (1976), Spain (1977), Liechtenstein (1978), San Marino poloneTi (1991), bulgareTi (1992), estoneTi, litva, slovenia, CexeTis respublika, (1988), Finland (1989), Hungary (1990), Poland (1991), Bulgaria (1992), Estonia, slovakeTi, rumineTi (1993), andora (1994), latvia, albaneTi, moldova, ukraina, `iu- Lithuania, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania (1993), Andorra goslaviis yofili respublika makedonia~ (1995), ruseTis federacia da xorvatia (1994), Latvia, Albania, Moldova, Ukraine, “the former Yugoslav Republic of Mac- (1996), saqarTvelo (1999), somxeTi, azerbaijani (2001), bosnia da hercegovina edonia”(1995), Russian Federation and Croatia (1996), Georgia (1999), Armenia (2002), serbia da montenegro (2003), monako (2004). and Azerbaijan (2001), Bosnia and Herzegovina (2002), Serbia and Montenegro erTmaneTSi ar unda agverios evropis sabWo da evrokavSiri. es ori organizacia (2003), Monaco (2004). sruliad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan, Tumca evrokavSiris ocdaxuTive wevri sa- xelmwifo evropis sabWos wevric aris. The Council of Europe should not be confused with the European Union. The two organisations are quite distinct. The 25 European Union states, however, are all gawevrianebis kandidatebi *** members of the Council of Europe. gawevrianebis Sesaxeb ganacxadi belaruss 1993 wlis 12 marts aqvs Setanili. Candidate for membership** damkvirveblis statusis mqone qveynebi Belarus is applicant state since 12 March 1993. kanadas, wminda saydars (vatikani), amerikis SeerTebul Statebsa da meqsikas evropis sabWos mTavrobaTaSoris organoebSi damkvirveblis statusi aqvT. Observer status evropis sasaxle Canada, the Holy See, Japan, the United States of America and Mexico enjoy observer status with the Council of Europe’s intergovernmental bodies. evropis sabWos Stabbinaa strasburgSi (safrangeTi) mdebare evropis sasaxle (Palais de l’Europe). Palais de l’Europe moqmedebis farTo areali * mTels teqstSi qveyanaTa CamonaTvali Seesabameba The Palais de l’Europe in Strasbourg (France) is the Council of Europe’s head- laTinuri anbanis Tanmimdevrobas; evropis sabWo ganixilavs evropuli sazoga- quarters. doebis winaSe mdgom yvela mniSvnelovan ** 2005 wlis ivlisis mdgomareobiT. * July 2005 sakiTxs, Tavdacvis sferos garda. misi sa- *** 2005 wlis ivlisis mdgomareobiT. ** July 2005

14 16 17

evropis sabWo: mimoxilva 17

muSao programa moicavs Semdeg sferoebs: adamianis uflebebi, media, samarTlebrivi Wide-ranging activities TanamSromloba, socialuri integracia, janmrTelobis dacva, ganaTleba, kultura, memkvidreoba, sporti, axalgazrdoba, adgilobrivi demokratia da mosazRvre qveynebs The Council of Europe covers all major issues facing European society other than Soris TanamSromloba, garemos dacva da regionaluri dagegmva. defence. Its work programme includes the following fi elds of activity: human rights, TanamSromlobis formati media, legal co-operation, social cohesion, health, education, culture, heritage, sport, youth, local democracy and transfrontier co-operation, the environment and 6 ministrTa komiteti aris evropis sabWoSi gadawyvetilebis mimRebi organo, regional planning. romelic Sedgeba wevri qveynebis sagareo saqmeTa ministrebisgan (an maTi mudmivi warmomadgenlebisgan); A framework for co-operation 6 saparlamento asamblea aris organizaciis saTaTbiro organo, romlis 6 The Committee of Ministers is the Council of Europe’s decision-making body, wevrebi erovnuli parlamentebis mier iniSnebian; and is composed of the foreign affairs ministers of all the member states (or 6 evropis sabWos adgilobriv da regionalur xelisufalTa kongresi aris their Permanent Representatives). sakonsultacio organo, romelSic adgilobrivi da regionaluri TviT- 6 The Parliamentary Assembly is the Organisation’s deliberative body, the mmarTvelobis organoebi arian warmodgenilni. members of which are appointed by national parliaments. mTavrobebi, erovnuli parlamentebi da adgilobrivi da regionaluri TviT- 6 The Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe is mmarTvelobis organoebi damoukideblad arian warmodgenilni. a consultative body representing local and regional authorities. samitebi axal biZgs aZlevs organizacias Governments, national parliaments and local and regional authorities are thus evropaSi stabilurobis ganmtkicebas, gansakuTrebiT komunisturi reJimebis represented separately. ngrevis Semdeg, axali politikuri biZgi esaWiroeboda. am biZgis mimcemi ev- ropis sabWosTvis aris saxelmwifoebisa da mTavrobebis meTaurTa Sexvedrebi Summits give fresh impetus umaRles doneze _ samitebi. To reinforce European stability, particularly after the fall of communist regimes, dReisaTvis ukve sami aseTi samiti Catarda. the Council of Europe gained fresh political impetus at the highest level through 1993 wels venaSi Sekrebilma evropis sabWos wevri qveynebis 32-ma politi- summit meetings of heads of state and government. Two summits have been kurma liderma, mimdinare movlenaTa sapasuxod, gansazRvra evropis sabWos held to date. gafarToebis samoqmedo kursi. In Vienna in 1993, the political leaders of the 32 states which were members of 1997 wels strasburgSi gamarTul Sexvedraze axla ukve 40 wevri qvey- the Organisation at the time responded to the challenge by determining a course nis politikurma liderebma daamtkices axali samoqmedo gegma, romelic of action for enlargement. efuZneboda oTx ZiriTad Temas. es Temebi iyo demokratia da adamianis In Strasbourg in 1997, with 40 member states, political leaders adopted a Plan uflebebi, socialuri integracia, moqalaqeTa usafrTxoeba da ganaTleba de- mokratiisa da kulturuli mravalferovnebis sferoebSi. es mimarTulebebi of Action based on four broad themes: democracy and human rights, social co- daedo safuZvlad axal aTaswleulSi evropis sabWos samoqmedo programas. hesion, security of citizens and education for democracy and cultural diversity. This is the blueprint for the Council’s programme of work in the new millennium. 2005 wlis 16-17 maiss, istoriaSi pirvelad evropis sabWos 46 wevri saxelm- wifoebisa da mTavrobebis meTaurebi Seikribnen varSavaSi, samefo sasaxleSi, For the fi rst time in history, the Heads of State and Government of 46 European evropuli erTianobis samitisaTvis, raTa kvlavac xazi gaesvaT im ZiriTadi democracies – member states of the Council of Europe - met in the Royal Castle Rirebulebebisadmi razedac aris damyarebuli evropa, ganesazRvraT evropis of Warsaw on 16 and 17 May 2005, for the Summit of European Unity, to reaffi rm sabWos politikuri mandati da SeimuSvebinaT samomavlo samoqmedo gegma. the core values on which Europe is built, defi ne the political mandate of the Council evropis sabWos politikuri amocanebi ganisazRvra sami ZiriTadi debatis dros: of Europe and chart its action for the coming years. `evropuli erToba, evropuli Rirebulebebi~, `evropuli sazogadoebis prob- The principal tasks of the Council of Europe were determined during three major lematika~ da `evropis arqiteqtura~. debates on: “European unity, European values”, “Challenges for European society” dargobriv ministrTa konferenciebi and “European architecture”.

evropis sabWo periodulad awyobs konferenciebs dargobrivi (iusticiis, ga- Conferences of specialised ministers naTlebis, ojaxur saqmeTa, janmrTelobis dacvis, garemos dacvis, adgilobriv mmarTvelobaTa, migraciis, qalebsa da mamakacebs Soris Tanasworobis, dasaqmebis, The Council of Europe periodically organises conferences of specialised minis- masmediis, kulturis, sportis, axalgazrdobisa da aS.) ministrebisaTvis. ters (for justice, education, family affairs, health, environment, local authorities, migration, equality between women and men, labour, mass media, culture, sport, konferenciebze ganixileba ama Tu im dargSi warmoqmnili ZiriTadi problemebi youth, etc.). da myardeba ufro mWidro kontaqtebi wevr qveynebSi saerTo sakiTxebze momuSave ministrebs Soris. The conferences analyse the major problems arising in their sectors and foster ministrebi erToblivad muSaoben momavalSi gansaxorcielebel proeqtebze da ongoing contact between ministries dealing with the same subjects in member warmoadgenen winadadebebs evropis sabWos samuSao gegmisaTvis. states. They work out projects to be implemented jointly, and propose activities for the Council’s work programme.

16 The Council of Europe: an overview 18 19

evropis sabWo: mimoxilva 19

evropis Tanmimdevruli mSenebloba Building Europe day by day

evropis sabWos saqmianobis Sedegad xdeba konvenciebisa da xelSekrulebebis miReba. The Council of Europe’s work leads to European conventions and agreements in wevrma qveynebma unda moaxdinon am konvenciebTan da xelSekrulebebTan TavianTi the light of which member states may subsequently harmonise and amend their kanonmdeblobis harmonizeba da maTSi cvlilebebis Setanis gziT uzrunvelyon ev- own legislation to comply with them. ropis sabWos standartebTan Sesabamisoba. zogierTi konvenciisa da SeTanxmebis xelmowera da miReba evropis sabWos arawevr Some conventions and agreements are also open for adoption by non-member saxelmwifoebsac SeuZliaT. evropaSi TanamSromlobisa da socialuri ganviTarebis states. The results of studies and activities are available to governments in order xelSesawyobad mTavrobebisaTvis xelmisawvdomia evropis sabWos mier warmoebuli to foster co-operation and social progress in Europe. sxvadasxvagvari kvlevisa Tu saqmianobis Sedegebi. The Council of Europe also adopts partial agreements, a form of “variable geom- erTgvari `cvalebadi konfiguraciis~ TanamSromlobis formiT, evropis sabWo Re- etry” co-operation, which allow a number of states to carry out a specifi c activity bulobs e.w. wilobriv SeTanxmebebsac, rac saSualebas aZlevs zogierT qveyanas, of common interest with the consent of other members. ganaxorcielos konkretuli saqmianoba, romelic evropis sabWos wevri qveynebis saerTo interesSi Sedis. A platform for voluntary associations platforma arasamTavrobo organizaciebisaTvis By granting consultative status to over 400 non-governmental organisations 400-ze meti arasamTavrobo organizaciisaTvis sakonsultacio statusis miniWebiT (NGOs), the Council of Europe is building a real partnership with those who rep- evropis sabWo xels uwyobs realuri TanamSromlobis damkvidrebas maTTan, vinc resent ordinary people. Through various consultation arrangements (including xalxs warmoadgens. sxvadasxva sakonsultacio Sexvedrebis (maT Soris, disku- discussions and colloquies) it brings NGOs into intergovernmental activities and siebisa da `mrgvali magidebis~) meSveobiT evropis sabWo xels uwyobs arasamTavrobo encourages dialogue between members of parliament and associations on major organizaciebis CarTvas mTavrobaTaSoris saqmianobaSi da mxars uWers dialogs social issues. socialuri sferos Zireul sakiTxebze parlamentis wevrebsa da arasamTavrobo seqtoris warmomadgenlebs Soris. An international staff internacionaluri samdivno Approximately 1800 international civil servants recruited from the member states organizaciis samdivno Sedgeba wevri qveynebidan warmodgenili 1800 saxelmwifo make up the staff of the Organisation’s secretariat which is headed by the Sec- moxelisgan. samdivnos saTaveSi udgas generaluri mdivani. retary General. evropuli dafinanseba European funding

evropis sabWos afinanseben misi wevri qveynebis mTavrobebi, romelTa Senatani or- The Council is fi nanced by the governments of member states whose contribu- ganizaciis biujetSi maTi mosaxleobisa da simdidris proporciulad ganisazRvreba. tions to the organisation’s budget are calculated in relation to their population and evropis sabWos biujeti 2005 wlisaTvis 186 milion evros Seadgens. wealth. The ordinary budget of the Council of Europe for the year 2005 amounts oficialuri enebi to 186 million euros.

evropis sabWos oficialuri enebia: inglisuri da franguli, Tumca muSaoba mimdina- Offi cial languages reobs, agreTve, germanul, italiur da rusul enebzec. sxvadasxva enaze Targmnili dokumentebi SegiZliaT ixiloT organizaciis internetgverdze: www.coe.int The offi cial languages are English and French, but we also work in German, Ital- ian and Russian. A number of texts exist in several languages on the website: www.coe.int.

gamoyenebuli masala SELECT DOCUMENTATION

evropis sabWos gamocemebi internetgverdebi COUNCIL OF EUROPE PUBLISHING WEBSITES The conscience of Europe http://www.coe.int The conscience of Europe http://www.coe.int (1999), ISBN 92-871-4030-8 (1999), ISBN 92-871-4030-8 A decade which made history – evropis sabWos gamocemebi A decade which made history – The Council of Europe 1989-1999 The Council of Europe 1989-1999 COUNCIL OF EUROPE PUBLISHING http://book.coe.int (1999), ISBN 92-871-3928-8 (1999), ISBN 92-871-3928-8 http://book.coe.int Europe under a single roof Europe under a single roof (1999) (1999)

18 The Council of Europe: an overview 20 21

21 ministrTa komiteti The Committee of Ministers

mministrTainistrTa kkomitetiomiteti arisaris evropisevropis ssabWoSiabWoSi ggadawyvetilebisadawyvetilebis mmimRebiimRebi oorgano,rgano , rromelicomelic The Committee of Ministers is the Council of Europe’s decision-making body. SSedgebaedgeba 4466 wwevrievri qveynisqveynis sagareosagareo saqmeTasaqmeTa ministrebisganministrebisgan anan strasburgSistrasburgSi myofimyofi maTimaTi It comprises the foreign affairs ministers of the 46 member states, or their per- mmudmiviudmivi diplomatiuridiplomatiuri wwarmomadgenlebisgan.armomadgenlebisgan. komitetikomiteti erTdrouladerTdroulad samTavrobosamTavrobo oorganocrganoc arisaris (sadac(sadac TanabradTanabrad ganixilebaganixileba evropulievropuli sazogadoebissazogadoebis winaSewinaSe mdgomimdgomi manent diplomatic representatives in Strasbourg. It is both a governmental pproblemebisadmiroblemebisadmi wevrwevr qveyanaTaqveyanaTa individualuriindividualuri damokidebuleba)damokidebuleba) dada saerTosaerTo forumicforumic body, where national approaches to problems facing European society can ((sadacsadac xdebaxdeba amgvaramgvar problemebTanproblemebTan mimarTebaSimimarTebaSi saerTosaerTo evropulievropuli midgomismidgomis Camoya-Camoya- be discussed on an equal footing, and a collective forum, where Europe-wide llibeba).ibeba). saparlamentosaparlamento asambleasTanasambleasTan TanamSromlobiTTanamSromlobiT ministrTaministrTa komitetikomiteti iRwvisiRwvis responses to such challenges are formulated. In collaboration with the Par- eevropisvropis sabWossabWos ZZireuliireuli mmiznebisiznebis mmisaRwevadisaRwevad dada zedamxedvelobszedamxedvelobs wevriwevri qveynebisqveynebis liamentary Assembly, it is the guardian of the Council’s fundamental values, mmierier nakisrnakisr valdebulebaTavaldebulebaTa Sesrulebas.Sesrulebas. and monitors member states’ compliance with their undertakings.

mTavrobaTa xma VOICE OF THE GOVERNMENTS gadawyvetilebebi da qmedeba Decisions and action gadawyvetilebebs evropis sabWos muSaobasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze ministrTa komiteti Rebulobs. garda amisa, saparlamento asambleisa da evropis sabWos ad- The Committee of Ministers decides on the activities of the Council of Europe. It gilobriv da regionul xelisufalTa kongresis rekomendaciaTa safuZvelze, igi also determines the action to be taken on recommendations of the Parliamentary gansazRvravs samoqmedo mimarTulebebs da iRebs gadawyvetilebebs dargobriv minis- Assembly and the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe, and on trTa sxvadasxva mTavrobaTaSorisi komitetisa Tu konferenciis mier SemuSavebul the proposals from various intergovernmental committees and conferences of spe- winanadebebTan mimarTebaSi. ministrTa komiteti amtkicebs evropis sabWos samuSao cialised ministers. It approves the Council’s programme of activities and budget. programas da biujets. Dialogue dialogi The Committee of Ministers’ discussions cover all questions of common political ministrTa komiteti ganixilavs saerTo politikur interesebSi Semaval yvela interest except defence: the political aspects of European integration, developing sakiTxs Tavdacvis sferos garda. es sakiTxebia: evropuli integraciis politikuri aspeqtebi, TanamSromlobis ganviTareba, demokratiuli institutebisa da adamianis co-operation, safeguarding democratic institutions and protecting human rights – in uflebaTa dacva _ sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, yvela is sakiTxi, romelic saWiroebs other words, all problems which require concerted pan-European solutions. SeTanxmebul saerToevropul reagirebas. An active body aqtiurad moqmedi organo The foreign affairs ministers of the 46 member states meet twice a year to review 46 qveynis sagareo saqmeTa ministrebi ikribebian weliwadSi orjer, raTa ganixi- political issues and matters of European co-operation and to give the necessary lon evropul TanamSromlobaSi arsebuli politikuri mniSvnelobis sakiTxebi da political impetus to the Council’s activities. They meet once a week at ambassador movlenebi. Sexvedrebis mizania, agreTve, sabWos saqmianobaSi axali politikuri level and their deliberations are supplemented by meetings of rapporteur groups stimulis Setana. kviraSi erTxel tardeba sxdomebi elCebis monawileobiT. garda maTi diskusiebisa, imarTeba momxsenebeli qveynebisa da samuSao jgufebis Sexvedrebi, and working groups which consider certain issues in depth before decisions are romlebzec, saboloo gadawyvetilebis miRebamde, siRrmiseulad ganixileba rigi taken. sakiTxebi. Each minister chairs the Committee for a six-month term of offi ce which tradition- TiToeuli ministri komitets eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi Tavmjdomareobs da tradici- ally changes in May and November. ulad maissa da noemberSi icvleba. Flexibility moqniloba When projects are not supported by all member states, the Committee of Minis- Tuki konkretuli proeqti ver miiRebs yvela wevri qveynis mxardaWeras, ministrTa ters has the option of launching them under partial agreements which allow some komitets SeuZlia am proeqtis wamowyeba wilobrivi SeTanxmebis safuZvelze, rac members to pursue joint activities in certain areas. zogierT wevr qveyanas aZlevs saSualebas, ganaxorcielos erToblivi saqmianoba gansazRvrul sferoebSi. On the other hand, enlarged agreements enable member states (or some of them) meore mxriv, gafarToebuli SeTanxmebebi saSualebas aZlevs wevr qveynebs (an zo- to work with certain non member states, giving them the benefi t of the Council’s gierT maTgans), iTanamSromlon rig arawevr qveynebTan da amiT miscen maT evropis permanent structure. sabWos mudmivi struqturebiT sargeblobis SesaZlebloba. EUROPEAN SOLUTIONS

Powerful instruments

The Committee of Ministers’ decisions are sent to governments in the form of recommendations, or are embodied in European conventions and agreements

20 22 23

ministrTa komiteti 23

evropuli gadawyvetilebebi which are legally binding on states that ratify them.

Zlieri meqanizmebi The Committee also adopts declarations and resolutions on current political is- sues. ministrTa komitetis gadawyvetilebebi waredgineba mTavrobebs rekomendaciebis Over 190 conventions have been drawn up to date. They are concerned mainly saxiT, es gadawyvetilebebi Rebulobs evropuli konvenciebisa da SeTanxmebebis saxes da iuridiul valdebulebebs akisrebs im qveynebs, romlebic maT ratifici- with human rights but cover other areas which affi rm and strengthen the Council rebas moaxdenen. ministrTa komiteti mimdinare politikur sakiTxebzec Rebulobs of Europe’s democratic, social and cultural cohesion. gadawyvetilebebs. Most of the Committee of Ministers’ decisions require a two-thirds majority of votes dResdReobiT Seqmnilia daaxloebiT 190-ze meti konvencia. es konvenciebi, ZiriTadad, cast but a simple majority is suffi cient for procedural questions. adamianis uflebebs exeba, Tumca iseT sferoebzec vrceldeba, romlebic ganamtkicebs evropis sabWos demokratiul, socialur da kulturul erTobas. Specialist preparation

ministrTa komitetis gadawyvetilebaTa didi nawilis misaRebad saWiroa xmaTa ori Conventions and recommendations are drafted by government experts responsi- mesamedi, saproceduro sakiTxebisTvis ki ubralo umravlesobac sakmarisia. ble to the Committee of Ministers, thereby providing for the interaction of political konvenciebisa da rekomendaciebis momzadeba interests with technical and sectoral considerations. Many political initiatives are specialistebis mier also taken at regular conferences of specialised ministers.

konvenciebsa da rekomendaciebs ministrTa komitetis winaSe pasuxismgebeli samTav- Democracy and solidarity robo eqspertebi amzadeben. amis Sedegad SesaZlebeli xdeba politikuri interesebis teqnikur da dargobriv mosazrebebTan Sejereba. garda amisa, mravali politikuri The Council of Europe has set up co-operation and assistance programmes for iniciativa dargobriv ministrTa regularuli konferenciebis dros miiReba. the new member states to allow them to draw on the Council’s experience. The demokratia da Tanadgoma programmes are based on the results of intergovernmental collaboration at the Council – its reference texts, networks of experts and co-operation structures. Their axali wevri qveynebisaTvis organizaciis gamocdilebis gaziarebis mizniT evropis purpose is to consolidate, strengthen and accelerate democratic reform in these sabWom SeimuSava TanamSromlobisa da daxmarebis specialuri programebi, romlebsac countries so that they can integrate gradually and harmoniously into the processes safuZvlad udevs evropis sabWoSi arsebuli mTavrobaTaSorisi TanamSromlobis and structures of European co-operation, above all the Council of Europe. The Sedegebi _ ganmartebiTi masalebi, eqspertTa qseli da TanamSromlobis formati. Confi dence-Building Measures Programme has been established with a view to programebis mizania axal wevr qveynebSi demokratiuli reformebis xelSewyoba, supporting civil society initiatives aimed at improving reciprocal knowledge and ganmtkiceba da daCqareba, raTa SesaZlebeli gaxdes am qveynebis TandaTanobiTi da harmoniuli CarTva evropuli TanamSromlobis procesebsa da struqturebSi da Ta- co-operation between majority and minority communities. vad evropis sabWoSi. erTmaneTis Sesaxeb codnis gaRrmavebisa da umravlesobisa da umciresobis jgufebs Soris TanamSromlobis ganviTarebisken mimarTul samoqalaqo GUARDIAN OF VALUES sazogadoebis iniciativaTa xelSesawyobad Seiqmna urTierTndobis gansamtkicebeli programa (CBM). Defending the Statute RirebulebaTa sadarajoze Countries joining the Council undertake to accept the principles of the rule of law and their people’s prerogative to basic human rights and fundamental freedoms. organizaciis wesdebis dacva They also undertake to collaborate sincerely and effectively to achieve greater unity, and to facilitate their economic and social progress. Each member state evropis sabWoSi gawevrianebisas qveynebi iReben valdebulebas, uzrunvelyon kanonis is responsible for honouring these commitments and the Committee of Ministers uzenaesobis principebi da aRiaron, rom adamianis uflebebi da ZiriTadi Tavisufle- ensures that they do so. bebi maTi mosaxleobis prerogativaa. qveynebis valdebulebaa, agreTve, mizanmimarTuli da qmediTi TanamSromloba ufro mWidro erTobis misaRwevad da socialur-ekonomi- In the event of a serious violation by a member state of its obligations under the kuri ganviTarebis uzrunvelsayofad. yvela wevri qveyana pasuxismgebelia, pativi Statute, the Committee of Ministers can suspend the state’s right of representa- sces aRniSnul valdebulebebs, xolo ministrTa komiteti zedamxedvelobas uwevs tion, invite it to withdraw or even decide that it has ceased to be a member of the am valdebulebaTa Sesrulebas. Council. wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebis seriozuli darRvevis SemTxvevaSi, minis- trTa komitets SeuZlia SeaCeros qveynis wevroba, daayenos misi gawvevis sakiTxi Implementing conventions an moiTxovos misi garicxva organizaciidan. The Committee of Ministers also ensures that conventions and agreements be- konvenciaTa ganxorcieleba tween member states are implemented. This is crucial in the case of human rights ministrTa komitetis erT-erT umTavres movaleobas warmoadgens wevr qveynebSi konven- texts, the most important of which (the European Convention on Human Rights, the ciebisa da qveynebs Soris dadebuli xelSekrulebebis ganxorcielebis uzrunvelyofa. European Social Charter, the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture amgvari zedamxedveloba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania adamianis uflebaTa dacvis and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities) provide sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli dokumentebis (adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia, for supervisory machinery. evropis socialuri qartia, wamebis sawinaaRmdego evropuli konvencia da CarCo- konvencia erovnul umciresobaTa dacvis Sesaxeb) Sesasruleblad. am dokumentTagan The Committee of Ministers’ responsibilities with regard to the European Convention yvelaze mniSvnelovanebSi sameTvalyureo meqanizmia gaTvaliswinebuli. on Human Rights refl ect the importance of this convention, which is the cornerstone

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ministrTa komitetis pasuxismgebloba adamianis uflebaTa evropul konvenciasTan of the system of human rights protection in Europe. In supervising the execution mimarTebaSi asaxavs am konvenciis _ romelic evropaSi adamianis uflebaTa dacvis by member states of the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights, the qvakuTxeds warmoadgens _ mniSvnelobas. wevri qveynebis mier adamianis uflebaTa Committee of Ministers plays an essential role in maintaining the credibility of a evropuli sasamarTlos ganaCenTa aRsrulebaze zedamxedvelobiT ministrTa komiteti system without precedent in the world. umniSvnelovanes rols TamaSobs msoflioSi am uprecedento sistemisadmi ndobis SesanarCuneblad. Respecting commitments valdebulebaTa pativiscema In accordance with the philosophy that has governed the Council’s enlargement ministrTa komiteti, berlinis kedlis dangrevis Semdeg, evropis sabWos gafarToe- since the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Committee of Ministers has exercised its re- bis maregulirebeli koncefciis safuZvelze miukerZoeblad da konstruqciulad sponsibilities in an impartial and constructive spirit, emphasising dialogue and the asrulebda Tavis movaleobebs, xels uwyobda dialogs da pozitiuri ganviTarebi- gradual establishment of political and material conditions conducive to positive de- saTvis aucilebeli politikuri da materialuri pirobebis TandaTanobiT Seqmnas. velopment. To this end, the Committee has introduced a monitoring system, which am miznebis misaRwevad komitetma SemoiRo sazedamxedvelo sistema, romelic meT- ensures that all member states respect their obligations. It offers all members the valyureobas uwevs yvela wevri qveynis mier valdebulebaTa Sesrulebas. sistema conditions and resources needed to nurture the Council’s founding values. wevr saxelmwifoebs sTavazobs evropis sabWos Zireul RirebulebaTa gaTavisebisTvis aucilebel pirobebs da saSualebebs. The enlargement of the Council of Europe has led to signifi cant changes in the evropis sabWos gafarToebam ministrTa komitetis saorganizacio struqturisa da organisation and role of the Committee of Ministers, with considerable develop- rolis mniSvnelovani cvlileba gamoiwvia, rasac mohyva komitetis moRvaweobis ment in the political aspect of its work. politikuri aspeqtebis sagrZnobi ganvrcoba. Dialogue and complementarity dialogi da TanamSromloba The Council of Europe has strengthened its dialogue with Europe’s elected rep- evropis sabWom gaaZliera dialogi evropis arCeviT warmomadgenlebTan erovnul da resentatives at national and local levels and extended its political discussions to adgilobriv doneebze, garda amisa, wamoiwyo politikuri dialogi arawevr qveynebTan, non-member states, including a number of non-European states with observer maT Soris damkvirveblis statusis mqone araevropul saxelmwifoebTanac (aSS, va- tikani, kanada, iaponia da meqsika). amave dros, sabWom gaaRrmava TanamSromloba status (the United States, Holy See, Canada, Japan and Mexico). It has intensi- sxva evropul organizaciebTan, gansakuTrebiT, evrokavSirTan, evropis uSiSroebisa fi ed its co-operation with other European organisations, particularly the European da TanamSromlobis organizaciasTan (euTo) da gaerosTan. Union and the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and with the United Nations. axal aTaswleulSi In the new millennium politikuri gezis amgvari saxiT Sesacvlelad ministrTa komitetma umaRlesi donidan miiRo saWiro biZgi. Catarda saxelmwifoebisa da mTavrobebis meTaurTa sami samiti: In achieving this change of direction, the Committee of Ministers has, on occasion, venaSi (1993 wlis 8-9 oqtombers), strasburgSi (1997 wlis 10-11 oqtombers) received the political impetus it needed from the highest level. Three summits of da varSavaSi (2005 wlis 16-17 maiss). 1999 wlis maisSi `gamyofi xazebis gareSe heads of state and government have been held, in Vienna (8-9 October 1993), in ufro mZlavri evropis Sesaxeb budapeStis deklaraciis~ miRebisas, ministrebma Camoayalibes 21-e saukuneSi organizaciis samuSao programa. Strasbourg (10-11 October 1997) and in Warsaw (16-17 May 2005). In adopting the “Budapest Declaration – For a Greater Europe Without Dividing Lines” in May 1999, the ministers set the Organisation’s agenda for the twenty-fi rst century.

gamoyenebuli masala SELECT DOCUMENTATION

COUNCIL OF EUROPE PUBLISHING The Committee of Ministers of the Council of Eu- evropis sabWos gamocemebi The Committee of Ministers of the Council of Eu- Committee of Ministers - Texts adopted 1989-1999 / rope Committee of Ministers – Texts adopted 1989-1999 / rope CD-Rom (1995), ISBN 92-871-2571-6 CD-Rom (1995), ISBN 92-871-2571-6 (2000), ISBN 92-871-4087-1 (2000), ISBN 92-871-4087-1 A decade which made history – The Council of Europe A decade which made history – The Council of Europe internetgverdi 1989-1999 WEBSITE 1989-1999 http://www.coe.int/cm (1999), ISBN 92-871-3928-8 http://www.coe.int/cm (1999), ISBN 92-871-3928-8 The Committee of Ministers: 100 sessions The Committee of Ministers: 100 sessions (1998), ISBN 92-871-3756-0 (1998), ISBN 92-871-3756-0 An action plan for a united Europe An action plan for a united Europe (1997) (1997) The Challenges of a Greater Europe The Challenges of a Greater Europe (1996), ISBN 92-871-2952-5 (1996), ISBN 92-871-2952-5

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27 saparlamento asamblea The Parliamentary Assembly

ssaparlamentoaparlamento asambleaasamblea evropisevropis sabWossabWos wesdebiswesdebis safuZvelzesafuZvelze CamoyalibebuliCamoyalibebuli oriori The Parliamentary Assembly is one of the Council of Europe’s two main ZZiriTadiiriTadi oorganodanrganodan eerT-erTia,rT-erTia , rromelicomelic wwarmoadgensarmoadgens wwevrievri qqveynebisveynebis ZZiriTadiriTad ppoli-oli- statutory organs and represents the main political tendencies in its member ttikurikur miswrafebebsamiswrafebebsa dada tendenciebs.tendenciebs. asambleaasamblea mTelsmTels evropaSievropaSi yvelayvela demokratiulidemokratiuli ssaxelmwifosaxelmwifos TanamSromlobisTanamSromlobis xelSemwyobxelSemwyob ZaladacZaladac gvevlineba.gvevlineba. states. The Assembly sees itself as the driving force in extending European co-operation to all democratic states throughout Europe. evropis `demokratiuli sindisi~ Europe’s democratic conscience evropis sabWos saparlamento asamblea Cveni kontinentis istoriaSi pirveli asam- bleaa. 46-ze meti qveynis parlamentebis delegaciebisgan Semdgari asamblea evropis The Council of Europe’s Parliamentary Assembly was the fi rst European assembly yvelaze warmomadgenlobiTi forumia. to be created in the history of our continent. With delegations from over 46 national asamblea Tavad gansazRvravs sakuTar samuSao programas da ganixilavs mimdinare an parliaments, it is the most widely-based European assembly. potenciurad mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs, maT Soris, Tanamedrove sazogadoebis winaSe The Assembly is free to choose its own agenda; it deals with topics of current or mdgom problemebsa da saerTaSoriso politikis aspeqtebs. potential importance including problems of contemporary society and aspects of asambleaSi warmarTuli debatebi umniSvnelovanes rols asrulebs ministrTa komite- international politics. tisa da evropis sabWos mTavrobaTaSorisi seqtoris saqmianobis mimarTulebaTa gansazRvraSi. garda amisa, asambleis wevrebi debatebis Sedegebs wevri qveynebis Its deliberations provide signifi cant guidelines for the activities of the Committee parlamentebs awvdian, riTac seriozul gavlenas axdenen TavianT mTavrobebze. of Ministers and the intergovernmental sectors of the Council of Europe, and also 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi centralur da aRmosavleT evropaSi ganviTarebulma infl uence governments when members relay them to their national parliaments. istoriulma movlenebma asambleis winaSe unikaluri amocana dasaxa, rac gulisx- The historic events in central and eastern Europe at the beginning of the 1990s set mobda am regionis qveynebis CarTvas saerToevropuli demokratizaciis procesSi da the Assembly a unique challenge, that of helping to bring these countries into the evropis qveynebs Soris mWidro saparlamento TanamSromlobis xelSewyobas. amgvarad, asambleas sakuTari wvlili Seaqvs ufro mZlavri evropis _ romelSic ar iarsebebs fold of European democracies and encouraging genuine parliamentary co-opera- gamyofi xazebi _ mSeneblobis saqmeSi. tion between all European nations. The Assembly thus contributes to building a greater Europe without dividing lines. 1989 wels saparlamento asambleis mier specialuri stumris statusis SemoRebam saSualeba misca centralur da aRmosavleT evropaSi ganviTarebis procesSi myofi The special guest status created by the Parliamentary Assembly in 1989 allowed demokratiuli sistemebis mqone arawevr qveynebs, daswrebodnen asambleis plenarul parliamentary delegations from the emerging pluralist democracies of central and sxdomebs da sxvadasxva komitetis Sexvedrebs. amgvarad damkvidrebulma urTierTobam eastern Europe which were not full members of the Organisation to attend the As- da gacvliTma procesebma xeli Seuwyo xsenebul qveynebSi demokratiis ganviTarebas sembly’s plenary sessions and committee meetings. The contacts and exchanges da evropis sabWoSi am qveynebis gawevrianebas. thus established encouraged the process of democratisation in these countries struqtura da organizeba: and facilitated their accession to the Council of Europe. evropul demokratiaTa asaxva Structure and organisation: saparlamento asambleis 315 wevri da maTi amave raodenobis Semcvleli irCeva an mirroring the European democracies iniSneba erovnuli parlamentebis wevrTa rigebidan. TiToeul qveyanas, misi mo- saxleobis raodenobis mixedviT, hyavs 2-dan 18 warmomadgenlamde. saparlamento The Parliamentary Assembly’s 315 members and their 315 substitutes are elected asambleaSi warmodgenil delegaciaTa Semadgenloba imgvarad aris gansazRvruli, or appointed by national parliaments from among their own members. Each country rom Tanasworad iqnen warmodgenilni erovnuli parlamentebis politikuri par- has between 2 and 18 representatives depending on the size of its population. tiebi da jgufebi. National delegations to the Assembly are composed in such a way as to ensure a asambleaSi Sedis xuTi politikuri jgufi: socialisturi jgufi (SOC) , evropis fair representation of the political parties or groups in their parliaments. saxalxo partiis jgufi (EPP/CD) , evropis demokratiuli jgufi (EDG) , liberalebis, demokratebisa da reformatorebis jgufi (LDR) da gaerTianebul evropel memar- The Assembly has fi ve political groups: Socialist Group (SOC), Group of the Eu- cxeneTa jgufi (UEL). asambleis zogierTi wevri arc erT politikur jgufs ar ropean People’s Party (EPP/CD), European Democratic Group (EDG), Liberal, miekuTvneba. Democratic and Reformers’ Group (LDR), and Group of the Unifi ed European asamblea erTi kviriT ikribeba weliwadSi oTxjer da marTavs plenarul sesiebs Left (UEL). Some members of the Assembly choose not to belong to any political strasburgSi, evropis sasaxlis palataSi. sxdomebs sajaro xasiaTi aqvs. garda group. amisa, tardeba sagazafxulo Sexvedrebi romelime wevr saxelmwifoSi. The Assembly meets quarterly for a week in plenary session in the Chamber of the asamblea irCevs prezidents Tavis wevrTa rigebidan, tradiciulad sami Tanmimdevruli Palais de l’Europe in Strasbourg. Sittings are public. It also holds a spring meeting erTwliani vadiT. prezidenti, vice-prezidenti (amJamad 18) da 5 politikuri jgu- in one of the member states. fis Tavmjdomareebi qmnian asambleis biuros. The Assembly elects its president from among its members, traditionally for three saparlamento asamblea irCevs, agreTve, evropis sabWos generalur mdivans da mis consecutive one-year terms. The President, Vice-Presidents (18 at present) and moadgiles, asambleis generalur mdivans, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos mosamarTleebs da evropis sabWos komisars adamianis uflebebis sferoSi. the Chairs of the 5 political groups form the Bureau of the Assembly. asambleis samuSao mzaddeba specialistTa komitetebis mier, romelTa saqmianoba The Assembly also elects the Council of Europe’s Secretary General and Deputy moicavs Semdeg sferoebs: politikur sakiTxebs, samarTlebriv saqmeebsa da adamia- Secretary General, the Secretary General of the Assembly, the judges of the

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nis uflebebs, socialur, janmrTelobis dacvisa da ojaxur saqmeebs, kulturas, European Court of Human Rights and the Council of Europe Commissioner for mecnierebasa da ganaTlebas, garemos dacvasa da soflis meurneobas, ekonomikur Human Rights. sakiTxebsa da ganviTarebas, migracias, ltolvilebsa da demografias, qalebisa da mamakacebisaTvis Tanaswor SesaZleblobebs da wevri qveynebis mier valdebulebebisa Its work is prepared by specialist committees dealing with: political affairs, legal da movaleobebis pativiscemas. affairs and human rights, social, health and family affairs, culture, science and education, environment and agriculture, economic affairs and development, mi- debatebi evropuli da msoflio mniSvnelobis movlenebze gration, refugees and demography, equal opportunities for women and men, and the honouring of obligations and commitments by member states. yoveli sesiis dRis wesrigSi Sedis debatebi evropuli da msoflio mniSvnelobis movlenebze, agreTve, is sakiTxebi, romlebzec saWiroa reagireba evropul doneze. Debates on European and world events aRniSnul debatebSi aqtiuri monawileoba miuRiaT msoflios gamoCenil moRvaweebs The agenda for each session features debates on European and world events (mefe xuan karloss, fransua miterans, ioane pavle II-s, helmut kols, mixeil gorbaCovs, vaclav havels, hosni mubaraqs, iasir arafatsa da mraval sxvas). and more generally, matters where action at European level is needed. Prominent dignitaries from all over the world have contributed to these debates (King Juan garda amisa, asamblea warmoadgens sadiskusio forums sxva saerTaSoriso orga- Carlos, François Mitterrand, John Paul II, Helmut Kohl, Mikhail Gorbachev, Václav nizaciebisTvis, rogoric aris, magaliTad, ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTa- rebis organizacia (OECD), evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis banki (EBRD) , Havel, Hosni Mubarak, Yasser Arafat and many others). evropis kosmosuri saagento da gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis mravali dar- The Assembly also provides a discussion forum for other international organisa- gobrivi saagento. tions such as the OECD, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development asambleis zogierTi komitetis muSaobaSi damkvirveblis statusiT monawileoben (EBRD), the European Space Agency and several specialised agencies of the arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, riTac Rirebuli wvlili SeaqvT asambleis mniSvnelovan United Nations. wamowyebaTa ganxorcielebis saqmeSi. Non-governmental organisations take part in a certain number of committees konkretuli Sedegebis misaRwevad as observers and provide a valuable input to important events organised by the mimarTuli iniciativebi Assembly. 1989 wlidan asamblea qmediT rols TamaSobs mTels evropaSi konfliqtebis Initiatives leading to concrete results mogvarebis saqmeSi. asambleaSi mimdinare politikuri debatebi xSirad emyareba konfliqtebis zonebSi gagzavnili misiebisa da delegaciebis mier warmodgenil Since 1989, the Assembly has assisted in crisis management throughout Europe. angariSebs da dialogs konfliqtebSi CarTul qveynebTan. amgvari saqmianoba xels Its political debates have frequently been based on the fi ndings of on-the-spot visits uwyobs evropis sabWos politikuri rolis ganmtkicebas. and ongoing dialogue with the states concerned. In this way, it has strengthened asambleis warmomadgenlebi regularulad awyoben vizitebs mTeli evropis masStabiT, the Council of Europe’s political role. raTa moipovon informacia asambleisTvis angariSebis mosamzadeblad, Cadian sxvadasxva qveynebSi arCevnebze damkvirveblebis saxiT, monawileoben, agreTve, saparlamento Assembly representatives make regular on-the-spot visits across Europe to gather diplomatiaSi. fi rst-hand information for drafting Assembly reports, undertake election observation asambleis mier miRebul dokumentebSi mocemulia umniSvnelovanesi saxelmZRvanelo and engage in parliamentary diplomacy. principebi ministrTa komitetis, wevri qveynebis mTavrobebis, parlamentebis, poli- The texts adopted by the Assembly provide signifi cant guidelines for the Com- tikuri partiebisa da sazogadoebis sxva mniSvnelovani seqtorebis moRvaweobisTvis. mittee of Ministers, national governments, parliaments, political parties and other garda amisa, asambleis iniciativiT SemuSavda evropul konvenciaTa saxeliT cnobili important areas of society. The Assembly has also initiated many international mravali saerTaSoriso SeTanxmeba da sxva samarTlebrivi instrumentebi, romlebic kanonmdeblobis WeSmaritad evropul sistemas udevs safuZvlad. treaties, known as European conventions, and other legal instruments, forming the basis of a truly European system of legislation. aRniSnul dokumentTagan yvelaze cnobilia adamianis uflebaTa evropuli kon- vencia, romlis xelmowera 1950 wels daiwyo (ix. qveTavi `adamianis uflebebi: The best known of these is the European Convention on Human Rights, opened dacva, xelSewyoba da maTi darRvevis Tavidan acileba~). dokumentebis sabolood for signature in 1950 (see section on “Human rights: protection, promotion and miRebamde asamblea konvenciaTa proeqtebTan dakavSirebiT ministrTa komitetTan prevention”). The Assembly is consulted by the Committee of Ministers on all draft awarmoebs konsultaciebs. asamblea aseve atarebs konferenciebs, simpoziumebs da conventions before they are adopted. sajaro saparlamento mosmenebs iseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxebze, rogorebicaa: Zaladoba, Seuwynarebloba, garemo, imigracia, narkotikebi, bioeTika da media. es mosmenebi iRebs The Assembly also holds regular conferences, symposia and public parliamentary dialogis saxes parlamentarebsa da specialistebs Soris. hearings on major topical issues such as: violence, intolerance, the environment, raSi mdgomareobs gansxvaveba? immigration, drugs, bioethics and the media. These hearings take the form of a dialogue between parliamentarians and spe- saparlamento asamblea Sedgeba evropis sabWos wevri qveynebis parlamentebis warmo- cialists. madgenlebisgan, romelTa arCeva da daniSvna xdeba erovnuli parlamentebis mier. evroparlamentSi Sedian pirdapiri kenWisyriT arCeuli warmomadgenlebi evrokav- What’s the difference? Siris 25 wevri qveynidan. The Parliamentary Assembly comprises parliamentary representatives of all the Council of Europe’s member states, who are elected or appointed by national parliaments.

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wevri qveynebi da maTi warmomadgenlobebi The European Parliament comprises the directly elected representatives of the 25 member countries of the European Union. albaneTi(4), andora(2), somxeTi (4), avstria (6), azerbaijani (6), belgia (7), bosnia da hercegovina (5), bulgareTi (6), xorvatia (5), kviprosi (3), CexeTis respublika Member states and their representation (7), dania (5), estoneTi (3), fineTi (5), safrangeTi (18), saqarTvelo (5), germania (18), saberZneTi (7), ungreTi (7), islandia (3), irlandia (4), italia (18), latvia (3), Albania (4), Andorra (2), Armenia (4), Austria (6), Azerbaijan (6), Belgium (7), lixtenSteini (2), litva (4), luqsemburgi (3), malta (3), moldova (5), monako (2), Bosnia and Herzegovina (5), Bulgaria (6), Croatia (5), Cyprus (3), Czech Republic niderlandebi (7), norvegia (5), poloneTi (12), portugalia (7), rumineTi (10), ruseTis (7), Denmark (5), Estonia (3), Finland (5), France (18), Georgia (5), Germany (18), federacia (18), san-marino (2), serbia da montenegro (7), slovakeTis respublika Greece (7), Hungary (7), Iceland (3), Ireland (4), Italy (18), Latvia (3), Liechtenstein (5), slovenia (3), espaneTi (12), SvedeTi (6), Sveicaria (6), `iugoslaviis yofili respublika makedonia~ (3), TurqeTi (12), ukraina (12), gaerTianebuli samefo (18). (2), Lithuania (4), Luxembourg (3), Malta (3), Moldova (5), Monaco (2), Netherlands (7), Norway (5), Poland (12), Portugal (7), Romania (10), Russian Federation damkvirveblis statusi (18), San Marino (2), Serbia and Montenegro (7), Slovak Republic (5), Slovenia (3), Spain (12), Sweden (6), Switzerland (6), “The former Yugoslav Republic of kanadis, israelisa da meqsikis parlamentebs saparlamento asambleaSi damkvirveblis statusi aqvT miniWebuli. Macedonia” (3), Turkey (12), Ukraine (12), United Kingdom (18). specialuri stumris statusi Observer status

belarusis parlaments specialuri stumris statusi 1997 wlis 13 ianvars The parliaments of Canada, Israel and Mexico enjoy observer status with the SeuCerda. Parliamentary Assembly. Special guest status

The special guest status of the Parliament of Belarus was suspended on 13 January 1997.

gamoyenebuli masala SELECT DOCUMENTATION

evropis sabWos gamocemebi internetgverdi COUNCIL OF EUROPE PUBLISHING WEBSITE The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe http://assembly.coe.int The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe http://assembly.coe.int (2000) (2000) Voices of Europe Voices of Europe (Book and CD, 1997), ISBN 92-871-3093-0 (Book and CD, 1997), ISBN 92-871-3093-0 The Europeans (electronic newsletter of the Parlia- The Europeans (electronic newsletter of the Parlia- mentary Assembly) mentary Assembly) Humankind has no nationality: speeches made in 1999 Humankind has no nationality: speeches made in 1999 by Lord Russell-Johnston, President of the Council of by Lord Russell-Johnston, President of the Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly Europe Parliamentary Assembly (2000), ISBN 92-871-4281-5 (2000), ISBN 92-871-4281-5

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33 generaluri mdivani The Secretary General

2004 wels evropis sabWos saparlamento asambleam 5 wlis vadiT airCia genera- luri mdivani, teri devisi (didi britaneTi); generaluri mdivani pasuxismgebelia The Council of Europe’s Parliamentary Assembly elected its Secretary General, sabWos samuSao programis strategiul marTvasa da organizaciis biujetze, garda Terry Davis (United Kingdom) in 2004 for a fi ve-year term; he is responsible for amisa, igi Tvalyurs adevnebs organizaciis yoveldRiur marTvas. the strategic planning and direction of the Council’s work programme and budget generaluri mdivani gansazRvravs prioritetul sakiTxebs da yovelwliurad amzadebs and oversees the day-to-day management of the organisation. mTavrobaTaSoris samuSao programas, romelsac amtkicebs ministrTa komiteti. genera- luri mdivani pasuxismgebelia samdivnos daxmarebiT am programis ganxorcielebaze. The Secretary General pinpoints priorities and draws up an Intergovernmental mTavrobaTaSorisi TanamSromlobis programebis koordinirebas umTavresad evropis Work Programme annually for the approval of the Committee of Ministers. He is sabWos saqmianobis ZiriTad sferoebSi moRvawe direqtoratebi axorcieleben. then responsible for implementing it with the help of the Secretariat. Intergovern- strategiuli samoqmedo gegma mental co-operation programmes are co-ordinated primarily through directorates covering the Council of Europe’s main fi elds of activity. generalurma mdivanma gansazRvra prioritetebi da strategiebi demokratiis Zireul faseulobebze, kanonis uzenaesobasa da adamianis uflebaTa pativiscemaze A strategic plan of action damyarebuli axali da erTiani evropis mSeneblobisTvis da evropaSi mSvidobisa da stabilurobis damyarebis saqmeSi arsebuli problemebis mogvarebisTvis. ZiriTad The Secretary General has outlined the Council of Europe’s priorities and strate- prioritetebad ganisazRvra: gies to build a new and united Europe based on democracy, human rights and the 6 wevr saxelmwifoebTan muSaoba evropis sabWos rolisa da pasuxismgeblobebis rule of law and to meet the challenges involved in building a peaceful and stable gansazRvrisa da organizaciisTvis mkafio mandatis miniWebis mizniT; Europe. Key priorities will be: 6 demokratiuli standartebis ganmtkiceba da saxelmwifoTa mier maTi 6 working with member states to defi ne the Council’s role and responsibilities Sesrulebis uzrunvelyofa; and to give it a clear mandate 6 wevr qveynebSi uSiSroebisa da danaSaulis sakiTxebis mogvareba. es gansa- 6 strengthening democratic standards and ensuring that states respect kuTrebiT exeba korufcias, fulis gaTeTrebas, kompiuterul danaSaulebs, them adamianebiT trefikings da narkotikebiT vaWrobas; 6 security and crime in member states, particularly corruption, money launder- 6 konkretuli programebis ganxorcieleba adamianis uflebebis, demokratiis, ing, cybercrime, traffi cking in human beings and drug traffi cking ltolvilTa, socialuri integraciis, kulturisa da garemos dacvis 6 specifi c programmes on human rights, democracy, refugees, social cohe- sferoebSi; sion, culture and environmental issues 6 axali iniciativebi saerTaSoriso terorizmTan brZolis saqmeSi; 6 new initiatives in the fi ght against international terrorism 6 wamebisa da damamcirebeli mopyrobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli kampania; 6 campaign against torture and degrading treatment 6 rasizmis, antisemitizmisa da islamofobiis winaaRmdeg brZolisken mimar- 6 action to combat racism, anti-Semitism and Islamophobia Tuli saqmianoba; 6 promoting equality and equal treatment regardless of sex, ethnicity, religious 6 Tanasworuflebianobisa da Tanaswori mopyrobis (sqesis, eTnikuri warmo- or political beliefs mavlobis, religiuri Tu politikuri mrwamsis miuxedavad) xelSewyoba; 6 ensuring fair and equal treatment for all countries, regardless of size, wealth 6 yvela qveynis (miuxedavad misi sididisa, simdidrisa Tu geografiuli or geographical location mdebareobisa) mimarT samarTliani da Tanaswori damokidebulebis uzrun- velyofa; 6 building more effective relationships with the European Union, the United Nations, the OSCE and regional and non-governmental organisations 6 evrokavSirTan, gaero-sTan, euTo-sTan, regionalur da arasamTavrobo or- ganizaciebTan ufro mWidro da qmediTi kontaqtebis damyareba; 6 evaluating the results of actions to improve the Council of Europe’s effec- tiveness and visibility. 6 evropis sabWos saqmianobis efeqtianobisa da sajaroobis gaumjobesebisken mimarTul RonisZiebaTa Sedegebis Sefaseba. Website: http://www.coe.int/T/E/Secretary_General/ internetgverdi http://www.coe.int/T/E/Secretary_General/

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35 evropis sabWos The Congress of Local and adgilobriv da regionalur xelisufalTa kongresi Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe demokratiis safuZvlebi Grass-roots democracy evropis sabWo mudam aRiarebda adgilobriv da regionul doneebze demokratiis ar- sebiT rols. Tavisufleba xom uaRresad mniSvnelovani faqtoria rogorc mezoblebs The Council of Europe has always recognised the overriding importance of democ- Soris urTierTobaSi, ise saxelmwifo masStabiTac. adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba yvela evropelis _ qalaqebsa Tu soflebSi, centralur da periferiul regionebSi racy at local and regional level. After all, freedom is a neighbourhood issue as well da sazRvrebs miRma _ saWiroebebs unda exmaurebodes. pirveli nabiji adgilobriv as a national one. Local self-government must meet the needs of all Europeans, in mmarTvelobaTa warmodgenis TvalsazrisiT evropis sabWom 1957 wels gadadga, amis towns and villages, central and peripheral regions and across borders. The Council Semdeg ki organizaciis samoqmedo areali am mxriv islandiidan ruseTamde da nor- took its fi rst step towards local authority representation in 1957, and since then its vegiidan balkaneTamde gafarTovda. work has extended from Iceland to Russia and from Norway to the Balkans. 1994 wels, adgilobriv da regionalur mmarTvelobaTa mudmivmoqmedi konferen- In 1994, the Council of Europe established the Congress of Local and Regional ciis nacvlad, daarsda evropis sabWos adgilobriv da regionalur xelisufalTa kongresi (CLRAE). Authorities of Europe (CLRAE) as a consultative body to replace the former Stand- ing Conference of Local and Regional Authorities. kongresi daxmarebas uwevs axal wevr saxelmwifoebs efeqtiani adgilobrivi da regionaluri TviTmmarTvelobis damkvidrebisken mimarTuli saqmianobis praqtikul The Congress helps new member states with practical aspects of their progress aspeqtebSi. towards establishing effective local and regional self-government. kongresis roli The role of the Congress

kongresi: The Congress: 6 aris evropis regionebisa da municipalitetebis xma; 6 is the voice of Europe’s regions and municipalities; 6 aris forumi, sadac adgilobrivi da regionaluri masStabiT arCeul war- momadgenlebs SeuZliaT ganixilon arsebuli problemebi, gauziaron erT- 6 provides a forum where local and regional elected representatives can maneTs gamocdileba da mTavrobebs TavianTi TvalTaxedva warudginon; discuss problems, pool their experience and express their views to govern- ments; 6 aZlevs rCevebs evropis sabWos ministrTa komitets da saparlamento asambleas regionaluri da adgilobrivi politikis yvela aspeqtTan 6 advises the Committee of Ministers and the Parliamentary Assembly of the dakavSirebiT; Council of Europe on all aspects of local and regional policy; 6 mWidrod TanamSromlobs adgilobrivi da regionaluri mmarTvelobis 6 co-operates closely with national and international organisations represent- warmomadgenel erovnul da saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan; ing local and regional government; 6 sazogadoebis farTo fenebis monawileobis uzrunvelsayofad _ rac ar- 6 organises hearings and conferences to reach a wider public whose involve- sebiTi faqtoria qmediTi demokratiis dasamkvidreblad _ awyobs sajaro ment is essential to a working democracy; mosmenebsa da konferenciebs; 6 prepares regular country-by-country reports on the state of local and regional 6 amzadebs regularul angariSebs evropis sabWos yvela wevr da kandidat democracy in all the Council’s member and applicant states and monitors, qveyanaSi adgilobrivi da regionaluri demokratiis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, in particular, how the principles of the European Charter of Local Self-Gov- kerZod, zedamxedvelobas uwevs imas, Tu rogor sruldeba adgilobrivi ernment are implemented. TviTmmarTvelobis evropuli qartiis principebi. kongresis cvalebadi roli Its changing role

evropis sabWoSi gansxvavebuli politikuri da ekonomikuri safuZvlis mqone axali The emergence of new states from varying political and economic bases has ne- wevri saxelmwifoebis Sesvlis Sedegad aucilebeli gaxda kongresis amocanebis cessitated reappraisal and reformulation of the Congress’s objectives to include: xelaxali gaazreba da gansazRvra, raTa gaTvaliswinebuli yofiliyo: 6 promoting effective local and regional government structures in all Council 6 xelisuflebis efeqtiani adgilobrivi da regionaluri stuqturebis of Europe member states, especially in the new democracies; mxardaWera evropis sabWos yvela wevr saxelmwifoSi, gansakuTrebiT ki im qveynebSi, sadac demokratia ganviTarebis procesSia; 6 examining the state of local and regional democracy in member and ap- plicant states; 6 wevr da kandidat qveynebSi adgilobrivi da regionaluri demokratiis mdgomareobis Sefaseba; 6 developing initiatives to enable citizens to participate effectively in local and 6 adgilobriv da regionalur demokratiul procesebSi sazogadoebis qmediTi regional democracy; monawileobis mizniT sxvadasxva iniciativis SemuSaveba;

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6 saerToevropuli politikis SemuSavebisas adgilobriv da regionalur 6 representing the interests of local and regional government in the shaping mTavrobaTa interesebis warmodgena; of European policy; 6 regionalur da mosazRvre qveynebs Soris TanamSromlobis xelSewyoba 6 encouraging regional and transfrontier co-operation for peace, tolerance mSvidobis, Semwynareblobisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis miRwevis mizniT; and sustainable development; 6 adgilobrivi da regionaluri arCevnebisaTvis Tvalyuris devneba. 6 observing local and regional elections. orpalatiani kongresi A two-chamber assembly kongresi Sedgeba ori palatisagan: adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoTa palatisa da regionebis palatisagan. orpalatian organoSi Sedis 315 wevri da amave The Congress is divided into two chambers: the Chamber of Local Authorities raodenobis maTi Semcvleli. TiToeuli maTgani warmoadgens evropis sabWos wevr and the Chamber of Regions. The two-chamber assembly comprises 315 titular qveynebSi arsebuli 200 000-ze meti adgilobrivi da regionuli organodan erT- members and 315 substitute members, each of whom is an elected representative erTs. palatebidan rigrigobiT irCeva kongresis prezidenti ori wlis vadiT. from one of over 200 000 local and regional authorities in the Council’s member kongresi ikribeba weliwadSi erTxel strasburgSi. mis muSaobaSi specialuri states. The chambers alternate to elect the President of the Congress for a two- stumris an damkvirveblis statusiT monawileobas iReben gamocdili evropuli year term. organizaciebisa da zogierTi arawevri qveynis delegaciebi. The Congress meets once a year in Strasbourg and welcomes delegations from mudmivmoqmedi komiteti, romelic Sedgeba yvela wevri qveynis delegaciebisgan, ikribeba kongresis plenarul sesiebs Soris periodebSi. approved European organisations and some non-member states as special guests or observers. kongresis saqmianoba warimarTeba oTxi komitetis mier. es komitetebia: The Standing Committee, drawn from all national delegations, meets between the 6 instituciuri komiteti, romlis konkretuli movaleobaa evropaSi ad- Congress plenary sessions. gilobrivi da regionaluri demokratiis progresis Sesaxeb angariSebis momzadeba; The Congress organises its work around four statutory committees: 6 kulturisa da ganaTlebis komiteti, romlis saqmianoba vrceldeba mediis, 6 the Institutional Committee, which has the particular task of preparing reports axalgazrdebis, sportisa da komunikaciis sakiTxebze; on the progress of local and regional democracy in Europe; 6 mdgradi ganviTarebis komiteti kurirebs garemos dacvas, sivrciT da 6 the Culture and Education Committee, for media, youth, sport and com- regionalur dagegmarebas; munication; 6 socialuri integraciis komitetis saqmianoba moicavs dasaqmebis, moqa- laqeobis, regionTaSorisi urTierTobebis, sazogadoebrivi jandacvisa da 6 the Committee on Sustainable Development, for environmental affairs and qalebsa da mamakacebs Soris Tanasworobis sakiTxebs. spatial and urban planning; kongresis yoveldRiur saqmianobas warmarTavs aRmasrulebeli mdivani Tavisi 6 the Committee on Social Cohesion, for issues concerning employment, samdivnos daxmarebiT. samdivno Sedgeba evropis sabWoSi momuSave personali- citizenship, inter-community relations, public health and equality between sagan. women and men. praqtikuli daxmareba The Chief Executive of the Congress is responsible for day-to-day management with the support of the Secretariat, drawn from the Council of Europe staff. adgilobrivi da regionaluri mmarTvelobis organoebis-Tvis mosamzadebel organizaciaTa evropuli Practical help qseli (ENTO) European Network of Training Organisations for Local and Regional qseli eqspertTa daxmarebiT uzrunvelyofs saWiro informaciiT centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebs, romelTac ar gaaCniaT marTvis saTanado gamocdileba Authorities (ENTO) da codna am sferoSi, garda amisa, erovnul organizaciaTa dakavSirebiT TavianT This provides expert help and training for central and east European nations lack- ucxoel partnior organizaciebTan xels uwyobs adgilobriv da regionalur mTav- ing managerial experience and technical skills. The ENTO network promotes co- robaTa saswavlo centrebs Soris TanamSromlobas. operation between local and regional government training centres, linking national centralur da aRmosavleT evropaSi adgilobrivi da organisations with their counterparts in other countries. regionaluri demokratiis xelSewyobis specialuri pro- grama Special support programme for local and regional democracy in central and eastern Europe. programis prioritetuli mimarTulebaa adgilobriv mmarTvelobasTan dakavSire- buli kanonmdeblobis SemuSavebaSi daxmarebis aRmoCena. es daxmareba iTvaliswinebs This programme gives priority to assistance in drafting local government legisla- adgilobrivi instituciuri reformis sferoSi treiningsa da saeqsperto swavlebas, tion. It offers training and expert guidance in local institutional reform and includes agreTve, seminarebs, saswavlo vizitebsa da specialur kursebs qalaqebSi janmr- Telobis dacvis, finansuri damoukideblobisa da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis workshops, study visits and courses on health care in cities, fi scal independence dafinansebis sakiTxebSi. and local government funding. adgilobrivi demokratiis saagentoebi (LDA) Local Democracy Agencies (LDAs) yofil iugoslaviaSi samSvidobo procesis xelSemwyobi meqanizmis saxiT 1993 wels Established in 1993 as part of the peace process in the former Yugoslavia, LDAs daarsebuli adgilobrivi demokratiis saagentoebi evropis nebismier qveyanaSi qmnian form a partnership between a particular authority in the region and local authorities

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safuZvels regionis romelime saxelisuflebo organosa da adgilobriv TviTmmarT- elsewhere in Europe. They promote respect for human beings and democracy, the velobebs Soris partniorobisaTvis. isini xels uwyoben adamianis uflebebisa da establishment of civil society and confi dence-building measures between different demokratiis pativiscemas, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Camoyalibebas da mosaxleobis population groups. sxvadasxva jgufebs Soris ndobis ganmtkicebisken mimarTul zomebs. evropuli premia Prix Europa kulturis sferos mxardaWeris mizniT, kongresi daxmarebas uwevs `evropuli In a cultural context, the Congress supports the Prix Europa competition, which premiis~ mosapoveblad gamarTul konkurss, romlis mizania evropul sivrceSi kul- promotes the best of European television across national boundaries, illustrating turuli mravalferovnebis amsaxveli da programaTa urTierTgacvlis xelSemwyobi saukeTeso evropuli televiziis gamovlena. Europe’s cultural diversity and encouraging programme exchanges. monawileoba stabilurobis paqtSi Participation in the Stability Pact

kongresi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs 1999 wlis ivnisSi evropis sabWos mier The Congress plays an active part in the projects for strengthening local democracy `stabilurobis paqtTan~ dakavSirebiT wamowyebuli programis farglebSi SemuSave- and cross-border co-operation in South-Eastern Europe set out in the Council of bul proeqtebSi, romelTa mizania samxreT-aRmosavleT evropaSi adgilobrivi de- Europe programme for the Stability Pact, launched in June 1999. mokratiisa da sazRvrebs miRma TanamSromlobis ganmtkiceba. The Congress’s role in Kosovo kongresis roli kosovoSi From the outset, the Congress has been part of the international presence in kongresi Tavidanve monawileobda kosovoSi mimdinare saerTaSoriso procesSi. misi Kosovo. Its activities include: saqmianoba Semdegi mimarTulebebiT ganisazRvreba: 6 kosovos 30-mde municipalitetSi saerTaSoriso administratorTa SerCevis 6 helping to recruit international administrators in Kosovo’s 30 municipali- saqmeSi daxmarebis aRmoCena; ties; 6 municipalitetebisa da arCevnebis Sesaxeb samarTlebrivi dokumentebis 6 helping to draft legal texts (known as “regulations”) on municipalities and (`saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebad~ cnobili teqstebis) SemuSavebaSi dax- elections; mareba; 6 observing the municipal election process; 6 municipaluri arCevnebis meTvalyureoba; 6 co-operating with the Venice Commission (see section on “Legal co- 6 gaero-s uSiSroebis sabWos 1244-e rezoluciis safuZvelze, kosovos operation”) to study Kosovo’s temporary status on the basis of UN Security droebiTi statusis Seswavlis mizniT TanamSromloba veneciis komisiasTan Council Resolution 1244; (ix. qveTavi - `samarTlebrivi TanamSromloba~); 6 organising visits by the President of the Congress and maintaining dialogue 6 kosovoSi kongresis Tavmjdomaris vizitebis organizeba da dialogis war- ith representatives of the United Nations Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), the moeba kosovoSi gaero-s misiis (UNMIK), euTo-s misiis, aseve, albanuri OSCE and local Albanian and Serb political parties; da serbuli politikuri partiebis warmomadgenlebTan; 6 kosovoSi municipalitetebis mier warmodgenil iniciativaTa mxardaWera; 6 supporting initiatives with municipalities in Kosovo; 6 adgilobrivi da regionaluri mmarTvelobis organoebisTvis mosamzadebel 6 co-operating with the ENTO in helping the OSCE to set up a local govern- organizaciaTa evropul qselTan (ENTO) TanamSromloba adgilobrivi ment training institute. marTvis saswavlo institutis daarsebis saqmeSi euTo-saTvis daxmarebis gawevis mizniT. Clear legislative guidelines and policies mkafio orientirebi kanonmdeblobisa The European Charter of Local Self-Government (1985) specifi es that effective da politikis sferoebSi local self-government is essential to democracy. The Charter serves as a model for legislative reform in new democracies. Some states have already incorporated adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb evropuli qartiis (1985) Tanaxmad, efeqtiani its principles into their constitutions. adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba demokratiis arsebiTi elementia. qartia warmoadgens axal demokratiul sistemebSi sakanonmdeblo reformis models. rigma qveynebma ukve The European Outline Convention on Transfrontier Co-operation (1980) and its two CarTes qartiaSi gaTvaliswinebuli principebi TavianT konstituciebSi. Additional Protocols recognise the right of local and regional authorities to co-oper- sazRvrebs miRma TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb evropul CarCo qartiaSi (1980) da mis or ate across frontiers in providing public services and environmental protection. damatebiT oqmSi aRiarebulia adgilobrivi da regionaluri mmarTvelobis organoTa The European Convention on the Participation of Foreigners in Public Life at Local ufleba, sajaro momsaxurebisa da garemos dacvis mizniT awarmoon sazRvrebs miRma TanamSromloba. Level (1992) puts forward the principle of progressively granting civil and political rights to foreign residents, including the right to vote. adgilobriv doneze sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi ucxoelTa monawileobis Sesaxeb evropul konvenciaSi (1992) gaTvaliswinebulia sxva qveynis teritoriaze mudmivad The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (1992) aims to preserve mcxovrebi ucxoelebisTvis socialur da politikur uflebaTa, maT Soris, arCev- regional and minority languages as a unique component of Europe’s cultural herit- nebSi monawileobis uflebis, TandaTanobiT miniWeba. age, extending their use in law, in schools, in public, cultural, economic and social evropuli qartia regionaluri da umciresobaTa enebis Sesaxeb (1992) miznad life, and in the media. isaxavs regionuli da umciresobaTa enebis, rogorc evropis kulturuli memkvi- dreobis unikaluri komponentis, SenarCunebas da samarTlis sferoSi, skolebSi, The European Urban Charter (1992) defi nes citizens’ rights in European towns. It

38 The Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe 40 41

evropis sabWos adgilobriv da regionalur xelisufalTa kongresi 41

sazogadoebriv, kulturul, ekonomikur Tu socialur cxovrebasa da mediaSi am provides a practical guide to good urban management, covering housing, urban enebis gamoyenebis xelSewyobas. architecture, transport, energy, sport and leisure, pollution and street security. evropis urbanuli qartia (1992) gansazRvravs moqalaqeTa uflebebs evropis qalaqeb- The Charter on the Participation of Young People in Municipal and Regional Life Si. igi warmoadgens praqtikul saxelmZRvanelos warmatebuli urbanuli marTvisaTvis, romelic moicavs qalaqTmSeneblobas, urbanul arqiteqturas, transports, energe- (1992) sets out guidelines to encourage young people to share in decisions affect- tikas, sportsa da dasvenebas, garemos dabinZurebasa da quCebis usafrTxoebas. ing them and to be active in social changes in their neighbourhood, municipality or region. qalaqisa da regionis cxovrebaSi axalgazrdebis monawileobis Sesaxeb qartiaSi (1992) mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo principebi mouwodebs axalgazrdebs maT cxovre- The European Landscape Convention was adopted in Florence in October 2000. basTan dakavSirebul gadawyvetilebaTa miRebaSi monawileobisken da maT samezobloSi, It sets forth the requirement for public authorities to adopt policies and measures qalaqsa Tu regionSi mimdinare socialur cvlilebebSi aqtiurad CarTvisken. at local, regional, national and international level for protecting, managing and landSaftis Sesaxeb evropuli konvencia miRebul iqna 2000 wlis oqtomberSi flo- planning landscapes throughout Europe. renciaSi. konvencia saxelmwifo organoebisgan moiTxovs adgilobriv, regionalur , erovnul da saerTaSoriso doneebze politikisa da zomebis miRebas mTeli evropis The Council of Europe’s Committee of Ministers is currently examining the draft masStabiT landSaftis dacvis, marTvisa da dagegmarebis mizniT. European charter of regional self-government, as a counterpart to the European Charter of Local Self-Government. amJamad evropis sabWos ministrTa komiteti adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis evropuli qartiis damatebis saxiT ixilavs regionaluri TviTmmarTvelobis evropuli qar- Member states and their representation tiis proeqts. wevri qveynebi da maTi warmomadgenlobebi Albania (4), Andorra (2), Armenia (4), Austria (6), Azerbaijan (6), Belgium (7), Bosnia and Herzegovina (5), Bulgaria (6), Croatia (5), Cyprus (3), Czech Republic albaneTi (4), andora (2), somxeTi (4), avstria (6), azerbaijani (6), belgia (7), bosnia (7), Denmark (5), Estonia (3), Finland (5), France (18), Georgia (5), Germany (18), da hercegovina (5), bulgareTi (6), xorvatia (5), kviprosi (3), CexeTis respublika Greece (7), Hungary (7), Iceland (3), Ireland (4), Italy (18), Latvia (3), Liechtenstein (7), dania (5), estoneTi (3), fineTi (5), safrangeTi (18), saqarTvelo (5), germania (2), Lithuania (4), Luxembourg (3), Malta (3), Moldova (5), Monaco (2), Netherlands (18), saberZneTi (7), ungreTi (7), islandia (3), irlandia (4), italia (18), latvia (7), Norway (5), Poland (12), Portugal (7), Romania (10), Russian Federation (3), lixtenSteini (2), litva (4), luqsemburgi (3), malta (3), moldova (5), monako (2), niderlandebi (7), norvegia (5), poloneTi (12), portugalia (7), rumineTi (10), (18), San Marino (2), Serbia and Montenegro (7), Slovak Republic (5), Slovenia ruseTis federacia (18), san-marino (2), serbia da montenegro (7), slovakeTis res- (3), Spain (12), Sweden (6), Switzerland (6), “the former Yugoslav Republic of publika (5), slovenia (3), espaneTi (12), SvedeTi (6), Sveicaria (6), `iugoslaviis Macedonia” (3), Turkey (12), Ukraine (12), United Kingdom (18). yofili respublika makedonia~ (3), TurqeTi (12), ukraina (12), gaerTianebuli samefo (18).

gamoyenebuli masala SELECT DOCUMENTATION

evropis sabWos gamocemebi Draft European Charter of Mountain Regions COUNCIL OF EUROPE PUBLISHING Draft European Charter of Mountain Regions Linguistic diversity: a challenge for European cities (Recommendation 14 (1995)) Linguistic diversity: a challenge for European cities (Recommendation 14 (1995)) and regions - Proceedings, Rovinj, March 2001 (Stud- European Urban Charter and regions - Proceedings, Rovinj, March 2001 (Stud- European Urban Charter ies and Texts No. 74) (1993), ISBN 92-871-2345-4 ies and Texts No. 74) (1993), ISBN 92-871-2345-4 (2002), ISBN 92-871-4980-1 Charter on the participation of young people in mu- (2002), ISBN 92-871-4980-1 Charter on the participation of young people in mu- Urban crime prevention - A guide for local authori- nicipal and regional life Urban crime prevention - A guide for local authorities nicipal and regional life ties (Resolution 237 (1992)) (2002), ISBN 92-871-4943-7 (Resolution 237 (1992)) (2002), ISBN 92-871-4943-7 European Outline Convention on transfrontier co-op- Cities and regions: cultural diversity - A precondition European Outline Convention on transfrontier co-op- Cities and regions: cultural diversity - A precondition eration between territorial communities or authorities for a united Europe - Proceedings, Innsbruck, Decem- eration between territorial communities or authorities for a united Europe - Proceedings, Innsbruck, Decem- (ets No. 106) ber 2000 (Studies and texts No. 76) (ets No. 106) ber 2000 (Studies and texts No. 76) (1989), ISBN 92-871-0021-7 (2002), ISBN 92-871-4811-2 (1989), ISBN 92-871-0021-7 (2002), ISBN 92-871-4811-2 European Charter of Local Self-Government (ets No. Linguistic diversity for democratic citizenship in Eu- European Charter of Local Self-Government (ets No. Linguistic diversity for democratic citizenship in Eu- 122) rope - Proceedings, May 1999 122) rope - Proceedings, May 1999 (1985), ISBN 92-871-0804-8 (2000), ISBN 92-871-4384-6 (1985), ISBN 92-871-0804-8 (2000), ISBN 92-871-4384-6 The Bulletin - CLRAE Newsletter European Landscape Convention - Firenze, 20.X.2000 The Bulletin - CLRAE Newsletter European Landscape Convention - Firenze, 20.X.2000 (5 issues per year) (ETS No. 176) (5 issues per year) (ETS No. 176) CLRAE “Studies and texts” series (2000), ISBN 92-871-4499-0 CLRAE “Studies and texts” series (2000), ISBN 92-871-4499-0 What participation by foreign residents in public life What participation by foreign residents in public life internetgverdi at local level? - Proceedings, Strasbourg, November at local level? - Proceedings, Strasbourg, November 1999 (Studies and Texts No. 71) WEBSITE http://www.coe.int/cplre 1999 (Studies and Texts No. 71) (2000), ISBN 92-871-4533-4 http://www.coe.int/cplre (2000), ISBN 92-871-4533-4

40 The Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe 42 43

43 adamianis uflebebi: Human rights: protection, dacva, xelSewyoba da maTi darRvevis Tavidan acileba promotion and prevention The daily search for better ways to protect human rights is one of the Council aadamianisdamianis uflebaTauflebaTa dacvisdacvis ufroufro qmediTiqmediTi gzebisgzebis yyoveldRiurioveldRiuri ZZiebaieba evropisevropis sabWossabWos of Europe’s basic goals, to be achieved in four main areas: eerT-erTirT-erTi umTavresiumTavresi mizania,mizania , rromelicomelic sabWossabWos mmoRvaweobisoRvaweobis ooTxTx ZZiriTadiriTad ssferoSiferoSi 6 effective supervision and protection of fundamental rights and free- aaisaxeba.isaxeba. eses sferoebia:sferoebia: doms; 6 ZZiriTadiiriTadi uflebebisauflebebisa ddaa TTavisuflebebisavisuflebebis eefeqtianifeqtiani mmeTvalyureobaeTvalyureoba ddaa ddacva;acva; 6 identifying new threats to human rights and human dignity; 6 aadamianisdamianis uuflebebisaflebebisa dada RRirsebisaTvisirsebisaTvis wwarmoqmnilarmoqmnil axalaxal saSiSroebaTasaSiSroebaTa ddadgena;adgena; 6 developing public awareness of the importance of human rights; 6 aadamianisdamianis uuflebebisflebebis mmniSvnelobisniSvnelobis SSesaxebesaxeb ssazogadoebaSiazogadoebaSi ccodnisodnis ddamkvi-amkvi- 6 promoting human rights education and professional training. ddreba;reba; Among the most signifi cant treaties in this area are the European Conven- 6 aadamianisdamianis uflebebisuflebebis sferoSisferoSi swavlebisaswavlebisa dada profesiuliprofesiuli momzadebismomzadebis tion on Human Rights, the European Social Charter, the European Conven- xxelSewyoba.elSewyoba. tion for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or aamm sferoSisferoSi yvelazeyvelaze mniSvnelovanimniSvnelovani SeTanxmebebia:SeTanxmebebia : adamianisadamianis uflebaTauflebaTa evropulievropuli kon-kon- Punishment and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National vvencia,encia , evropisevropis socialurisocialuri qartia,qartia , wwamebisaamebisa dada aaraadamianuriraadamianuri TuTu damamcirebelidamamcirebeli Minorities. mmopyrobisopyrobis anan dasjisdasjis aRkveTisaRkveTis SesaxebSesaxeb evropulievropuli konvenciakonvencia dada erovnulerovnul umciresobaTaumciresobaTa ddacvisacvis CCarCo-konvencia.arCo-konvencia. THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia A decisive step forward gadamwyveti nabiji The Council’s most signifi cant achievement is the European Convention on Hu- evropis sabWos yvelaze mniSvnelovan miRwevad adamianis uflebaTa evropuli kon- man Rights, an international treaty of unprecedented scope which was adopted in vencia miiCneva. Tavisi mniSvnelobiT es uprecedento saerTaSoriso dokumenti 1950 1950 and came into force in 1953. It sets out a list of rights and freedoms which wels iqna miRebuli, xolo ZalaSi 1953 wels Sevida. konvenciaSi gansazRvrulia is states are under an obligation to guarantee to everyone within their jurisdiction. uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi, romelTa uzrunvelyofa evalebaT qveynebs maTi iuris- It has also established international enforcement machinery whereby states and diqciis farglebSi myofi yvela pirisTvis. garda amisa, konvenciis safuZvelze Seiqmna individuals, regardless of their nationality, may refer alleged violations by contract- aRniSnul uflebaTa dacvis saerTaSoriso meqanizmi, romlis mixedviTac xelmomweri ing states of the rights guaranteed in the Convention to the judicial institutions in saxelmwifos mier konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebul uflebaTa SesaZlo darRvevebis Sem- Strasbourg established by the Convention. TxvevaSi, saxelmwifoebs an calkeul pirebs, maTi erovnebis miuxedavad, SeuZliaT mimarTon strasburgSi konvenciis safuZvelze daarsebul sasamarTlo uwyebebs. The Convention enshrines, among other things, the right to life, to protection sxva mniSvnelovan aspeqtebTan erTad, konvencia moicavs sicocxlis, wamebisa da araada- against torture and inhuman treatment, to freedom and safety, to a fair trial, to mianuri mopyrobisgan dacvis, pirovnebis Tavisuflebisa da usafrTxoebis, samarTliani respect for one’s private and family life and correspondence, to freedom of ex- sasamarTlo procesis, adamianis piradi da ojaxuri cxovrebisa da mimoweris pati- pression (including freedom of the press), thought, conscience and religion and viscemis, sityvis Tavisuflebis (presis Tavisuflebis CaTvliT), rwmenis, aRmsa- to freedom of peaceful assembly and association. Protocols have added other reblobis, religiis, Tavisufali TavSeyrisa da gaerTianebaTa Seqmnis uflebebs. rights to those set out in the Convention, such as the abolition of the death penalty mogvianebiT xelmowerili oqmebis safuZvelze, konvenciaSi gansazRvrul uflebebs (Protocol No. 6). daemata sxva uflebebi, magaliTad, sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmeba (oqmi #6). konvenciis ganxorcieleba Enforcing the Convention

Tavdapirvelad konvenciis ganxorcielebis meqanizmi gulisxmobda or ZiriTad in- The original enforcement machinery consisted of two institutions, the European stituts: adamianis uflebaTa evropul komisias (1954) (romelic `gamfiltravi Commission of Human Rights (1954), which essentially performed a fi lter func- organos~ funqcias asrulebda) da adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlos (1959) tion, and the European Court of Human Rights (1959), which passed judgment (romelic ganixilavda komisiis an mTavrobaTa mier misTvis wardgenil saqmeebs). evro- on cases referred to it by the Commission or by governments. The Committee of pis sabWos ministrTa komiteti (sabWos wevri qveynebis mTavrobaTa warmomadgenlebi) Ministers of the Council of Europe (government representatives from the Council’s axorcielebda zedamxedvelobas sasamarTlos ganaCenTa aRsrulebaze da gamohqonda member states) supervised execution of the Court’s judgments and adjudicated gadawyvetilebebi im saqmeebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic ar iyo sasamarTlosTvis in cases which had not been referred to the Court where the Commission had gadacemuli, Tumca komisiam maTSi adamianis uflebaTa darRveva aRmoaCina. found a violation. 80-iani wlebis dasawyisidan saCivarTa raodenoba ganuwyvetliv izrdeboda, rac mZime tvirTad awveboda sasamarTlo sistemas da axangrZlivebda saqmeTa ganxilvis From the early 1980s, the number of applications rose steadily, overburdening the proceduras, romelic saCivris wardgenidan saboloo ganaCenis gamotanamde xuTi system and increasing the length of proceedings, which could take up to fi ve years welic ki SeiZleboda gagrZelebuliyo. from the introduction of an application to a fi nal decision on the merits.

42 44 45

adamianis uflebebi: dacva, xelSewyoba da maTi darRvevis Tavidan acileba 45

sistema, romelic mudmivad viTardeba A constantly developing system

proceduris cvlilebis aucilebloba ganapiroba ganmcxadebelTa swrafad mzardma Reform of the procedure was necessitated by the increasing number of appli- raodenobam, miRebul saqmeTa sirTulem da evropis sabWos wevrTa matebam (23 wevri- cations, their growing complexity and the widening of the Council of Europe’s dan 1989 wels 40 wevramde 1996 wels). am mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, 1998 membership from 23 in 1989 to 40 in 1996. To this end, a new protocol to the wlis 1 noembers ZalaSi Sevida konvenciis axali, me-11 oqmi, romlis safuZvelzec, arsebuli ori organos nacvlad Camoyalibda mudmivmoqmedi erTiani sasamarTlo. European Convention on Human Rights, Protocol No. 11, entered into force on 1 November 1998, setting up a single permanent Court in place of the Convention’s evropis sabWos wevri qveynebis saxelmwifoTa da mTavrobaTa meTaurebis mier 1993 two existing institutions. wlis 9 oqtombers venaSi gakeTebuli gancxadebis Tanaxmad, gatarebuli reformis mizans warmoadgenda arsebul proceduraTa daCqareba, maTi efeqtianobis gaumjobe- The aim of the reform, as laid down by heads of state and government of the seba, farTo sazogadoebisaTvis sasamarTlos xelmisawvdomobis gazrda da adamianis Council’s member states in Vienna on 9 October 1993, was to enhance the ef- uflebaTa dacvis arsebuli maRali xarisxis SenarCuneba. fi ciency of the means of protection, to shorten procedures,to make the system adamianis uflebaTa erTiani sasamarTlo more accessible to individuals, and to maintain the present high quality of human rights protection. amJamad, calkeul pirebs uSualod SeuZliaT mimarTon adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlos, romlis gadawyvetilebebi savaldebuloa yvela xelmomweri mxari- A single Court of Human Rights saTvis. sasamarTlo Camoyalibda mudmivmoqmed organod, romlis kompetenciaSic Sedis rogorc saqmeTa winaswari ganxilva, aseve maTTan dakavSirebiT saboloo The European Court of Human Rights is now directly accessible to the individual gadawyvetilebaTa gamotana. and its jurisdiction is compulsory for all contracting parties. It sits on a permanent sasamarTlo Sedgeba konvenciis xelmomwer saxelmwifoTa raodenobis toli raodeno- basis and deals with all the preliminary stages of a case, as well as giving judg- bis mosamarTleTagan. miuxedavad imisa, rom Tavdapirvelad mosamarTleebis wardgineba ment on the merits. Sesabamis mTavrobaTa mier xdeba, movaleobaTa Sesrulebisas mosamarTleebi sruli The Court consists of a number of judges equal to the number of contracting states damoukideblobiT sargebloben da ar warmoadgenen maT warmdgen qveynebs. to the Convention. Although candidates are initially put forward by each govern- pirveli arCevnebi 1998 wlis ianvarSi gaimarTa. imave wlis 3 noembers arCeuli ment, judges enjoy complete independence in the performance of their duties and mosamarTleebi Seudgnen TavianT movaleobaTa Sesrulebas. sasamarTlos amJamindeli do not represent the states which proposed them. Tavmjdomarea lucius uildhaberi (Sveicaria). The fi rst elections took place in January 1998, and the judges elected took up arasakmarisad dasabuTebul saqmeTa ganTesva xdeba sawyis etapze sasamarTlos (sami mosamarTlisgan Semdgari komitetis) erTsulovani gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze. their duties on 3 November 1998. The current President of the Court is Luzius umetes SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebs Svidi mosamarTlisgan Semdgari Wildhaber (Switzerland). palatis muSaobisas Rebulobs. saCivris misaRebad cnobis SemTxvevaSi, palatam Any cases that are clearly unfounded are sifted out of the system at an early stage SeiZleba scados saqmis mxareTa Soris mSvidobiani gziT mogvareba. im SemTxvevaSi, by a unanimous decision of the Court, sitting as a three-judge Committee. In the Tu es SeuZlebelia, palatas gamoaqvs sakuTari gadawyvetileba. large majority of cases, the Court sits as a seven-judge Chamber. If applications gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi, magaliTad, im saqmeebSi, romlebSic wamoiWreba adamianis are then judged admissible, the Chamber may attempt to reach a friendly settle- uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis gamoyenebasTan an interpretaciasTan dakavSirebuli ment with the parties. If this is impossible, the Chamber delivers its judgment. seriozuli sakiTxi, saqme gansaxilvelad SeiZleba gadaeces 17 mosamarTlisgan Semdgar did palatas. gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde did palatas saqmes gadascems Exceptionally, for example in cases raising a serious issue concerning the inter- palata, xolo palatis mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanidan sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi _ pretation or application of the Convention, a case may be referred to a Grand erT-erTi monawile mxare. palatis gadawyvetileba saboloo saxes Rebulobs sami Chamber of seventeen judges either by a Chamber before judgment or by one Tvis Semdeg, xolo didi palatis gadawyvetileba Tavidanve saboloo xasiaTs ata- of the parties within three months of a Chamber judgment. Chamber judgments rebs. Sesabamisi qveynebisaTvis sasamarTlos saboloo gadawyvetilebaTa Sesruleba savaldebuloa. become fi nal after three months and Grand Chamber judgments are fi nal. The Court’s fi nal judgments are binding on the state concerned. sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaTa ganxorcielebaze zedamxedvelobas awarmoebs minis- trTa komiteti, romelic uzrunvelyofs, rom qveynebma miiRon yvela zoma (kanon- Monitoring the Court’s judgments in which a violation is found is the task of the mdeblobis, precedentuli samarTlis, kanonebisa da procedurebis Secvla), raTa Committee of Ministers, which ensure that states take any general measures momavalSi Tavidan aicilon amgvari darRvevebi. ministrTa komiteti aseve movalea, needed to prevent further violations (changing legislation, case-law, rules or prac- zedamxedveloba gauwios dazaralebulisTvis miyenebuli zaralis sasamarTlos tice). It also makes sure that just satisfaction awarded by the Court is paid to the gadawyvetilebis Tanaxmad anazRaurebas an, rig SemTxvevebSi, sruli kompensaciis uz- applicant and, in certain cases, that other concrete measures are taken to make runvelsayofad sxva konkretuli zomebis (maT Soris, saqmis gadaxedvis, akrZalvis an konfiskaciis brZanebis gauqmebis, policiis oqmebis amoRebis an romelime qveyanaSi sure full compensation is granted (such as reopening procedures, lifting a banning cxovrebis nebarTvis micemis) ganxorcielebas. or confi scation order, striking off a police record or granting a residence permit). . . . mravalferovan sakiTxTa ganxilva ...covering a wide range of issues

individualuri saCivrebi mravalferovan sakiTxebs moicavs. es sakiTxebia: Individual complaints concern an ever-broadening range of issues: 6 adamianTa ugzoukvlod gaqroba da mkvleloba; 6 disappearances and unlawful killings; 6 patimarTa wameba da maT mimarT araadamianuri mopyroba; 6 torture and ill-treatment of detainees; 6 qonebis ukanono konfiskacia;

44 Human rights: protection, promotion and prevention 46 47

adamianis uflebebi: dacva, xelSewyoba da maTi darRvevis Tavidan acileba 47

6 sasamarTlosTvis mimarTvis SesaZleblobis ararseboba; 6 arbitrary loss of liberty; 6 gonivrul vadaSi samarTliani sasamarTlo procesis gamarTvis SeuZlebloba; 6 lack of access to a court; 6 satelefono saubrebis mosmena; 6 lack of a fair trial within a reasonable time; 6 deportacia da eqstradicia; 6 telephone tapping; 6 homoseqsualistebis diskriminacia; 6 presis Tavisufleba; 6 deportation and extradition; 6 mSobelTa uflebebi sxvisi mzrunvelobis qveS gadacemul bavSvebTan 6 discrimination against homosexuals; mimarTebaSi; 6 freedom of the press; 6 sakuTrebis uflebaSi Careva; 6 rights of parents of children taken into care; 6 politikur partiaTa daSla. 6 interference with property rights; evropis socialuri qartia 6 dissolution of political parties.

ZiriTadi socialuri uflebebi THE EUROPEAN SOCIAL CHARTER evropis socialur qartiaSi gansazRvrulia garkveuli uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi, agreTve, sazedamxedvelo meqanizmi, romelic uzrunvelyofs xelmomweri saxelmwi- Fundamental social rights foebis mier am uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis pativiscemas. 1996 wels Sesworebuli evropis socialuri qartia 1999 wels Sevida ZalaSi da TandaTanobiT enacvleba The European Social Charter sets out rights and freedoms and the supervisory 1961 wlis SeTanxmebas. procedures guaranteeing their respect by the States Parties. The 1996 revised qartiiT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebiT TiToeulma evropelma moqalaqem unda European Social Charter came into force in 1999 and is gradually replacing the isargeblos. es uflebebi exeba yoveldRiuri cxovrebis yvela aspeqts, magaliTad, 1961 treaty. sacxovrebel pirobebs, jandacvas, ganaTlebas, dasaqmebas, socialur dacvas, mog- All Europeans share these rights under the Charter and they affect every aspect zaurobas da diskriminaciis akrZalvas. of daily life, including housing, health, education, employment, social protection, socialur uflebaTa evropuli komiteti personal travel and non-discrimination.

socialur uflebaTa evropuli komiteti Tvalyurs adevnebs, Tu rogor asruleben European Committee of Social Rights wevri saxelmwifoebi qartiis safuZvelze nakisr valdebulebebs. evropis sabWos ministrTa komiteti Tavisi Semadgenlobidan irCevs TxuTmet damoukidebel, miuker- The European Committee of Social Rights (ECSR) checks whether member states Zoebel wevrs eqvsi wlis vadiT, romlis kidev erTi vadiT gagrZelebaa SesaZlebeli. have honoured their undertakings under the Charter. The Council of Europe’s socialur uflebaTa evropuli komiteti adgens, Seesabameba Tu ara xelmomwer Committee of Ministers elects its fi fteen independent, impartial members for a saxelmwifoebSi arsebuli kanonmdebloba da praqtika qartias. six-year term, renewable once. The ECSR determines whether law and practice wevri qveynebis angariSebze damyarebuli in the States Parties comply with the Charter. sazedamxedvelo procedura A monitoring procedure based on national reports monawile saxelmwifoebi yovelwliurad waradgenen angariSebs maT mier qartiis debulebebis kanonmdeblobasa da praqtikaSi xorcSesxmis Sesaxeb. socialur ufle- The States Parties report every year on their implementation of the Charter in baTa evropuli komiteti ganixilavs angariSebs, iRebs gadawyvetilebebs imasTan law and in practice. The ECSR examines the reports, decides whether these dakavSirebiT, Seesabameba Tu ara angariSSi miTiTebuli procedurebi qartias, da procedures comply with the Charter and publishes its conclusions annually. If a yovelwliurad aqveynebs Tavis daskvnebs. Tu saxelmwifoebi ar moaxdenen reagirebas state takes no action on a ECSR decision the Committee of Ministers addresses socialur uflebaTa evropuli komitetis gadawyvetilebaze, ministrTa komiteti a recommendation to the state to change its laws or practices. Sesabamis saxelmwifos ugzavnis rekomendacias ama Tu im kanonisa Tu proceduris Secvlis Taobaze. A collective complaints procedure

koleqtiur saCivarTa procedura Complaints of violations of the Charter may be lodged with the European Commit- tee of Social Rights under a protocol opened for signature in 1995, which came evropis socialuri qartiis darRvevis Taobaze saCivris Setana socialur uflebaTa evropul komitetSi SesaZlebeli gaxda qartiis damatebiTi oqmis safuZvelze, rom- into force in 1998. Organisations entitled to lodge complaints with the ECSR: lis xelmowera 1995 wels daiwyo. qvemoT CamoTvlilia organizaciebi, romelTac – All states accepting the procedure: aqvT socialur uflebaTa evropul komitetSi saCivris Setanis ufleba: 6 The European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC), Union of Industrial and - proceduris mimRebi yvela saxelmwifos mimarT: Employers’ Confederations of Europe (UNICE) and International Organisa- 6 evropis profesiul kavSirTa konfederacia (ETUC), evropis samrewvelo tion of Employers (IOE); da damsaqmebelTa kavSirebi (UNICE) da damqiravebelTa saerTaSoriso organizacia (IOE); 6 Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) with consultative status with the Council of Europe listed for this purpose by the Governmental Committee;

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6 arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, romelTac evropis sabWoSi sakonsultacio 6 Employers’ organisations and trade unions in the country concerned; statusi aqvT da romlebic am mizniT samTavrobo komitetis mier arian – Cases where states agree: siaSi Setanilni; 6 Sesabamis qveyanaSi arsebuli damsaqmebelTa organizaciebi da profesiuli 6 National NGOs. kavSirebi; The complaint may be submitted freely, preferably in English or French. - im saqmeebTan dakavSirebiT, romelTa Taobaze saxelmwifoebi Tanxmobas acxadeben: The ECSR examines the complaint and declares it admissible if it meets the formal 6 erovnuli arasamTavrobo organizaciebi. requirements. A written procedure follows admission; this involves an exchange saCivrebis Setana SeuzRudavad aris SesaZlebeli. saCivari Setanil unda iqnes of memoires, and the ECSR may order a public hearing. The ECSR then decides inglisur an frangul enebze. the case on its merits and reports its fi ndings to the Committee of Ministers and the parties concerned; the report is published within four months of the decision. socialur uflebaTa evropuli komiteti ganixilavs saCivars da Tu saCivari akmayo- filebs oficialur moTxovnebs, misaRebad miiCnevs mas. misaRebad miCnevas mohyveba Finally, the Committee of Ministers adopts a resolution. If appropriate, it may rec- werilobiTi procedura, romelic saqmis detalebis CamoTvlas moicavs. socialur ommend specifi c measures to bring the State’s laws and practices into line with uflebaTa evropul komitets SeuZlia gasces sajaro mosmenis Catarebis miTiTeba. the Charter. Semdeg komiteti iRebs gadawyvetilebas saqmis arsebiT mxaresTan mimarTebaSi da Tavis daskvnebs moaxsenebs ministrTa komitetsa da Sesabamis mxareebs; angariSi Effects of the Charter in the various states gadawyvetilebis miRebidan oTxi Tvis ganmavlobaSi qveyndeba. da bolos, ministrTa komiteti iRebs saboloo gadawyvetilebas. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, ministrTa Member states make many changes to their legislation or practice to comply with komitets SeuZlia gasces im konkretuli RonisZiebebis Catarebis rekomendacia, the Charter as a result of the monitoring system. Details and current developments romelTa mizania saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobisa da praqtikis qartiasTan Sesabami- are described in the “Survey”, published annually by the Charter Secretariat. sobaSi moyvana. qartiis moqmedebis zegavlena THE CONVENTION FOR THE PREVENTION OF TORTURE sxvadasxva saxelmwifoSi Preventing torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or pun- sazedamxedvelo sistemis wyalobiT wevr saxelmwifoebs bevri cvlileba SeaqvT ishment TavianT kanonebsa Tu praqtikaSi qartiasTan Sesabamisobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT. detaluri cnobebi da arsebuli viTareba dawvrilebiT ganixileba qartiis samdivnos Little is seen of what goes on behind the closed doors of prisons, police stations, mier yovelwliurad gamoqveynebul `mimoxilvaSi~. mental health institutions and the like. It is for this reason that the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or konvencia wamebis Tavidan acilebis Sesaxeb Punishment was adopted in 1987 and came into force in 1989. The Convention sup- plements the protection available under the European Convention on Human Rights wamebisa da araadamianuri Tu damamcirebeli mopy- by establishing a European Committee for the Prevention of Torture (CPT). robis an dasjis aRkveTa The CPT’s members are independent and impartial experts from a variety of cota ram aris cnobili imaze, Tu ra xdeba cixeebis, policiis ganyofilebebis, backgrounds. They are for example lawyers, medical doctors and specialists in fsiqiatriuli saavadmyofoebisa da sxva msgavsi dawesebulebebis daxurul karebs prison or police matters. miRma. swored amis gamo iqna miRebuli 1987 wels wamebisa da araadamianuri Tu damamcirebeli mopyrobis an dasjis aRkveTis Sesaxeb evropuli konvencia , romelic Spot checks ZalaSi Sevida 1989 wels. wamebis sawinaaRmdego evropuli komitetis (CPT) daarse- biT aRniSnuli konvencia uzrunvelyofs adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciiT The CPT visits places of detention (e.g. prisons and juvenile detention centres, gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebis damatebiTi dacvis meqanizms. police stations, holding centres for immigration detainees and psychiatric hospi- wamebis sawinaaRmdego komiteti Sedgeba sxvadasxva profesiis damoukidebeli da tals), to see how persons deprived of their liberty are treated . The committee has miukerZoebeli eqspertebisgan. magaliTad, komitetis wevrebi arian iuristebi, eqi- unlimited access to places of detention and may interview detainees in private. mebi da sasjelaRsrulebisa da policiis sferoebis specialistebi. It can also communicate freely with any other person who can provide relevant moulodneli Semowmeba adgilebze information, including non-governmental organisations (NGOs) concerned with human rights. patimarTa mimarT mopyrobis piradad Semowmebis mizniT, wamebis sawinaaRmdego ev- The aim of the committee’s work is to strengthen the protection of detainees ropuli komiteti ewveva sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebebs (magaliTad, cixeebSi, arasrulwlovanTa dakavebis adgilebSi, policiis ganyofilebebSi, aralegalur against torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, rather than imigrantTa dakavebis adgilebSi Tu fsiqiatriul saavadmyofoebSi). komitets gaaCnia to condemn states for abuses. After each visit, the CPT draws up a report setting dakavebis adgilebis monaxulebisa da patimrebTan kerZo saubris SeuzRudavi ufleba. out its fi ndings and the recommendations which it considers necessary to improve igi aseve Tavisuflad ukavSirdeba nebismier sxva pirs Tu organizacias (adamianis the situation of persons deprived of their liberty. This confi dential report is sent to uflebaTa sferoSi momuSave arasamTavrobo organizaciebis CaTvliT), romlebsac the State concerned. The report includes a request for a written response from SeuZliaT saWiro informaciis mowodeba. the State, setting out measures taken to implement the recommendations made, komitetis moRvaweobis mizania wamebisa da araadamianuri Tu damamcirebeli mopyrobis reactions to comments made and replies to requests for information. an dasjisgan patimarTa dacvis gaZliereba da ara braldebaTa wayeneba im qveynebisTvis, sadac darRveva iqna gamovlenili. TiToeuli vizitis dasrulebis Semdeg komiteti The CPT’s reports, as well as the replies from the states concerned,are confi dential,

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amzadebs angariSs. masSi igi ayalibebs Tavis daskvnebs da rekomendaciebs, romlebic but it has become common practice for states to agree to make them public. aucileblad miaCnia TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad. es konfidencialuri angariSi egzavneba Sesabamis qveyanas, moTxovniT, rom warmoadginos Exceptionally, if a state fails to co-operate, the CPT may decide to make a public werilobiTi pasuxi, romelSic miuTiTebs gacemuli rekomendaciebis Sesasruleblad statement. miRebul zomebs, reagirebas SeniSvnebze da pasuxs informaciis moTxovnaze. komite- tis angariSi, iseve, rogorc Sesabamisi qveynebis pasuxebi, konfidencialur xasiaTs atarebs, Tumca, ukve damkvidrebuli praqtikis Sesabamisad, qveynebi Tanxmdebian THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR NATIONAL MINORITIES amgvari dokumentebis gamoqveynebaze. Protecting persons belonging to national minorities gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi, rodesac qveynebi uars acxadeben TanamSromlobaze, komitets sajaro gancxadebis gakeTeba SeuZlia. Following the 1993 Vienna Summit the Council of Europe adopted the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities in 1994, the fi rst legally binding CarCo-konvencia erovnul umciresobaTa multilateral instrument to protect national minorities in general. Contracting parties dacvis Sesaxeb undertake to pursue the Convention’s objectives through national legislation and policies. These include ensuring equality before the law, preserving and develop- erovnul umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebis dacva ing cultures, safeguarding identities, religions, minority languages and traditions, guaranteeing access to the media, and establishing free and peaceful contact 1993 wels venaSi gamarTuli samitis Sedegebis safuZvelze evropis sabWom 1994 across borders with people legally resident in other states. wels miiRo CarCo-konvencia erovnul umciresobaTa dacvis Sesaxeb _ erovnul um- ciresobaTa dacvisken mimarTuli pirveli savaldebulo mravalmxrivi iuridiuli The Convention entered into force on 1 February 1998. Contracting states must instrumenti. konvenciis xelmomweri mxareebi kisruloben valdebulebas, xorci report on the measures they have taken within one year of entry into force and once Seasxan konvenciaSi dasaxul miznebs TavianTi qveynebis kanonmdeblobisa da poli- every fi ve years thereafter. The Committee of Ministers and the Advisory Committee tikuri kursis meSveobiT. es miznebia: kanonis winaSe Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofa, of 18 independent experts are both involved in monitoring the Framework Conven- kulturaTa SenarCuneba da ganviTareba, individualobis, religiuri mrwamsis, umcireso- tion. The Advisory Committee evaluates these reports and determines whether the baTa enebisa da tradiciebis dacva, mediasTan Tavisufali urTierTobis garantiebi da sxva qveynebSi kanonierad mcxovreb adamianebTan sazRvrebs miRma Tavisufali da obligations have been met. Its opinion goes to the Committee of Ministers, which mSvidobiani urTierTobis damyarebis SesaZlebloba. informs the State Party of its conclusions and recommendations. The rules gov- erning this monitoring procedure also allow non-governmental organisations and konvencia 1998 wlis 1 Tebervals Sevida ZalaSi. monawile qveynebi valdebulni minority associations to submit alternative information and/or shadow reports. arian warmoadginon maT teritoriaze konvenciis ZalaSi Sesvlidan erTi wlis ganmav- lobaSi, xolo Semdeg yovel xuT weliwadSi warmoadginon miRebul zomaTa amsaxveli National minorities in Europe angariSebi. CarCo-konvenciis Sesrulebis zedamxedvelobas ministrTa komiteti da 18 damoukidebeli eqspertisgan Semdgari sakonsultacio komiteti axorcieleben. The Council of Europe has devised a range of activities to protect national minorities sakonsultacio komiteti ixilavs xsenebul angariSebs da gansazRvravs nakisri as part of its co-operation and assistance programme: it organises meetings to give valdebulebebis Sesrulebis mdgomareobas, Semdeg ki Tavis daskvnas gadascems minis- trTa komitets. es ukanaskneli atyobinebs Sesabamis saxelmwifos Tavis daskvnebs detailed information on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National da awvdis rekomendaciebs. zedamxedvelobis proceduris maregulirebeli wesebi Minorities (and other legal European instruments) and encourages non-party states saSualebas aZlevs arasamTavrobo organizaciebsa da umciresobaTa asociaciebs, to sign and ratify. Party states attend these meetings to discuss domestic devel- warmoadginon alternatiuli informacia da/an TavianTi angariSebi. opments and the implementation of the Convention in detail. Delegates include erovnuli umciresobebi evropaSi parliamentarians, government offi cials and representatives of national minorities. The Council’s experts give opinions on legislation for the protection of national evropis sabWom TanamSromlobisa da daxmarebis programis farglebSi SeimuSava rigi minorities and it also organizes training seminars on drafting state reports in order RonisZiebebisa erovnul umciresobaTa dasacavad: igi awyobs Sexvedrebs, romlebzec to make the supervisory procedure more effective. avrcelebs detalur informacias erovnul umciresobaTa dacvis Sesaxeb CarCo-kon- venciis (da sxva evropuli samarTlebrivi instrumentebis) Taobaze da mouwodebs These activities are the basis for three projects in the context of the Stability Pact arawevr qveynebs, xeli moaweron CarCo-konvencias da moaxdinon misi ratifici- for South-Eastern Europe relating to minorities. They include: a non-discrimination reba. am Sexvedrebs eswrebian wevri saxelmwifoebis warmomadgenlebi, romlebic review to identify discrimination in regional legislation, policies and practices and dawvrilebiT ixilaven maT qveynebSi arsebul viTarebas da konvenciis Sesrulebis to bring legislation and practice into line with European standards; a project on mxriv arsebul mdgomareobas. delegatebi arian parlamentarebi, xelisuflebisa da acceptance and implementation of standards; a bilateral co-operation agreement erovnul umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebi. daskvnebs erovnul umciresobaTa dacvasTan project to strengthen and develop bilateral co-operation regarding minorities in dakavSirebuli kanonebis Sesaxeb evropis sabWos eqspertebi iZlevian, garda amisa, line with existing multilateral standards, and in particular those of the Framework sabWo awyobs saswavlo seminarebs saxelmwifoTa mier angariSebis momzadebaSi, rac miznad isaxavs sazedamxedvelo proceduris met efeqtianobas. Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. aRniSnuli saqmianoba warmoadgens safuZvels sami proeqtisaTvis erovnul umcireso- The Council is also developing specifi c national activities following the conclusion bebTan mimarTebaSi samxreT-aRmosavleT evropaSi stabilurobis paqtis farglebSi. es of new Joint Programmes between the Council of Europe and the European Com- proeqtebia: Semowmeba, romlis mizania regionalur kanonmdeblobaSi, politikasa da mission; these concern Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Ukraine. praqtikaSi diskriminaciis gamovlena da evropul standartebTan kanonmdeblobisa da praqtikis Sesabamisobis damyareba; proeqti standartebis miRebisa da ganxorcielebis sferoSi; proeqti ormxrivi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebebis sferoSi, romlis mizania umciresobebTan dakavSirebuli ormxrivi TanamSromlobis ganmtkiceba da misi

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ganvrcoba ukve arsebul mravalmxriv standartebamde, gansakuTrebiT ki erovnul Combating racism and intolerance umciresobaTa dacvis Sesaxeb CarCo-konvenciaSi gansazRvrul standartebamde. The European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) was established garda amisa, evropis sabWosa da evrokomisiis erToblivi programebis farglebSi, evropis sabWo ayalibebs konkretul erovnul RonisZiebebs somxeTisTvis, azerbai- at the 1993 Vienna Summit. ECRI is an independent monitoring mechanism, whose janisTvis, saqarTvelosa da ukrainisTvis. task is to combat racism, xenophobia, antisemitism and intolerance in all Council of Europe member States from the perspective of the protection of human rights. brZola rasizmisa da Seuwynareblobis winaaRmdeg ECRI’s action covers all necessary measures to combat violence, discrimination 1993 wels venaSi gamarTul samitze daarsda rasizmisa da Seuwynareblobis sawinaaR- and prejudice faced by persons or groups of persons, on grounds of race, colour, mdego evropuli komisia (ECRI). komisia damoukidebeli sazedamxedvelo meqanizmia, language, religion, nationality and national or ethnic origin. romlis amocanaa evropis sabWos wevr yvela qveyanaSi rasizmTan, qsenofobiasTan, ECRI’s programme of activities comprises three aspects: country-by-country ap- antisemitizmsa da SeuwynareblobasTan brZola adamianis uflebaTa dacvis Tvalsaz- risiT. rasizmisa da Seuwynareblobis sawinaaRmdego evropuli komisiis saqmianoba proach; work on general themes; relations with civil society. moicavs adamianebis an adamianTa jgufebis mimarT rasis, kanis feris, enis, reli- In the framework of its country-by-country approach ECRI draws up reports, which giis, erovnebis da erovnuli Tu eTnikuri warmomavlobis gamo ZaladobasTan da maT contain an in-depth analysis of the situation in each Council of Europe member diskriminaciasTan sabrZolvelad saWiro yvela zomas. State concerning instances of racism and racial discrimination, and practical pro- komisiis samoqmedo programa Sedgeba sami aspeqtisagan. esenia: midgoma TiToeuli qvey- posals to help governments tackle any problems identifi ed. nis mimarT; muSaoba zogad sakiTxebze; urTierToba samoqalaqo sazogadoebasTan. As part of its work on general themes, ECRI has adopted six general policy rec- TiToeuli qveynis mimarT midgomis formatSi komisia amzadebs angariSebs, romlebic ommendations for the governments of all member States. These cover the main Seicavs evropis sabWos yovel wevr qveyanaSi rasizmisa da rasobrivi diskriminaciis gamovlinebebTan dakavSirebuli mdgomareobis siRrmiseul analizs da praqtikul wi- areas of racism and intolerance and provide basic guidelines for the development nadadebebs, romlebic daexmareba mTavrobebs aRmoCenili problemebis mogvarebaSi. of comprehensive national policies. zogad sakiTxebze muSaobis farglebSi, komisiam miiRo eqvsi rekomendacia saerTo ECRI’s programme of action on relations with civil society works to fully involve politikis sferoSi evropis sabWos yvela wevri qveynis mTavrobebisTvis. es civil society in the fi ght against racism and intolerance and to promote intercultural rekomendaciebi exeba rasizmisa da Seuwynareblobis ZiriTad aspeqtebs da iZleva dialogue between the various sectors of society based on mutual respect. saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebs kompleqsuri erovnuli politikis SesamuSaveblad. samoqalaqo sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis sferoSi komisiis programis mizania THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE IS ACTIVE samoqalaqo sazogadoebis aqtiuri CarTva rasizmisa da Seuwynareblobis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi da sazogadoebis sxvadasxva seqtorebs Soris urTierTpativiscemaze da- WHEREVER HUMAN RIGHTS ARE INVOLVED myarebuli kulturuli dialogis xelSewyoba. Promoting equality between women and men

evropis sabWo moRvaweobs yvela im sferoSi, From a general perspective of protecting and promoting human rights, the Council sadac adamianis uflebebi figurirebs of Europe seeks to combat any interference with women’s liberty and dignity (for example violence against women, traffi cking in human beings for the purpose of qalebsa da mamakacebs Soris Tanasworobis xelSewyoba sexual exploitation and free choice in matters of reproduction), to eliminate sex discrimination, and to promote a balanced representation of women and men in adamianis uflebaTa dacvisa da xelSewyobis sferoSi zogadi saqmianobis farglebSi evropis sabWo cdilobs, aRmofxvras nebismieri uxeSi Careva qalTa Tavisuflebisa political and public life. da Rirsebis sakiTxebSi (magaliTad, Zaladoba qalebis winaaRmdeg, seqsualuri The Steering Committee for Equality between Women and Men (CDEG) prepares eqspluataciis mizniT adamianebiT ukanono vaWroba da bavSvis gaCenasTan dakavSire- ministerial conferences, organises seminars and publishes studies on these ques- biT Tavisufali arCevanis saSualeba). evropis sabWos mizania, agreTve, seqsualuri tions. diskriminaciis aRkveTa da politikur da sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi qalebisa da mamakacebis Tanasworad warmoCenis xelSewyoba. Human rights co-operation and awareness qalebsa da mamakacebs Soris Tanasworobis saorganizacio komiteti (CDEG) marTavs ministrTa konferenciebs, awyobs seminarebs da aqveynebs xsenebuli sakiTxebisadmi The Council of Europe co-operates with member states and NGOs in their efforts miZRvnil naSromebs. to promote respect for human rights. Through co-operation programmes (Activi- ties for the Development and Consolidation of Democratic Stability), the Council TanamSromloba da sazogadoebis informireba ada- mianis uflebaTa sferoSi of Europe organises activities such as training for judges and lawyers on the ap- plication of the European Convention on Human Rights, expert opinions on the evropis sabWo TanamSromlobs wevr qveynebTan da arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan, compatibility of legislation or draft legislation with European human rights stand- raTa xeli Seuwyos maT mier adamianis uflebaTa dacvis mizniT warmoebul saqmia- ards, translation and publishing of human rights documentation in the languages nobas. TanamSromlobis (demokratiuli stabilurobis ganviTarebisa da gaZlierebis of new member states, seminars and round tables with and about national human RonisZiebaTa) programebis meSveobiT evropis sabWo awyobs iseTi saxis RonisZiebebs, rights institutions, and training for the staff of government agents for the European rogoric aris mosamarTleebisa da iuristebis momzadeba adamianis uflebaTa evro- Court of Human Rights. puli konvenciis gamoyenebis sferoSi, adamianis uflebaTa evropul standartebTan kanonmdeblobis an kanonproeqtebis Sesabamisobis Sesaxeb eqspertTa mosazrebebis The Human Rights programmes are complemented by a broader range of related dadgena, axali wevri qveynebis enebze adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli doku- awareness, training and information activities aimed at the general public, as well

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mentebis Targmna da gamoqveyneba, adamianis uflebaTa erovnul institutebTan as specialists: erTad an maT Sesaxeb seminarebisa da mrgvali magidebis organizeba da mTavrobaTa warmomadgenlebisTvis saswavlo mecadineobebis Catareba adamianis uflebaTa evropul 6 developing human rights awareness and understanding in universities,schools sasamarTlosTan dakavSirebiT. and among members of professional groups, such as police forces and lawyers; adamianis uflebebis sferoSi warmoebul programebTan erTad tardeba codnis ama- Rlebis, treiningisa da sainformacio RonisZiebebi, romlebic gamiznulia rogorc 6 fostering public awareness of human rights issues through information cam- farTo sazogadoebisaTvis, aseve specialistebisTvis: paigns, publications, audiovisual and other materials and the Internet; 6 universitetebSi, skolebsa da profesiul jgufTa wevrebSi (policiis warmo- 6 operating a network of human rights institutes and non-governmental or- madgenlebi da iuristebi) adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb codnis amaRleba; ganisations active in the fi eld. 6 sainformacio kampaniebis, publikaciebis, audiovizualuri, internetisa da sxva saSualebebiT adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebisadmi sazoga- Police and human rights doebis yuradRebis mipyroba; Those responsible for maintaining law and order have themselves always consti- 6 adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi moRvawe dawesebulebebisa da arasamTavrobo tuted an important target group in the eyes of the Council of Europe. A wide-ranging organizaciebis qselis Seqmna da misi saqmianobis warmarTva. programme entitled “Police and human rights 1997-2000” paved the way for the policia da adamianis uflebebi current programme “Police and human rights – beyond 2000”. The programme serves as a catalyst and aims to promote the respect and protection of human evropis sabWosTvis yovelTvis mniSvnelovan miznobriv jgufs warmoadgendnen is rights by members of the police forces. The programme involves long-term co- adamianebi da dawesebulebebi, romlebsac kanonisa da sazogadoebrivi wesrigis dacva operation with member states, the assessment of needs, the development and avaliaT. farTomasStabiani programa `policia da adamianis uflebebi 1997-2000~ implementation of action plans and project evaluations. safuZvlad daedo amJamad mimdinare programas `policia da adamianis uflebebi 2000 wlis Semdgom periodSi,~ romlis mizania policiis TanamSromlebs Soris adamia- A Commissioner for human rights nis uflebebis mimarT pativiscemis damkvidreba da maT mier am uflebebis dacvis xelSewyoba. programis farglebSi gaTvaliswinebulia xangrZlivi TanamSromloba The post of Commissioner for Human Rights was created in 1999. wevr saxelmwifoebTan, saWiroebaTa Sefaseba, samoqmedo gegmebis SemuSaveba da gan- xorcieleba da proeqtebis Sefaseba. The Commissioner is responsible for promoting education, awareness and respect for human rights in member states and ensuring full and effective compliance with adamianis uflebaTa komisari Council of Europe texts such as conventions, recommendations and resolutions adamianis uflebaTa komisris Tanamdeboba 1999 wels daarsda. komisris movaleobaa adopted by the Committee of Ministers. wevr qveynebSi adamianis uflebebis sferoSi swavlebis, codnis gazrdisa da am The Commissioner plays a supporting and essentially preventive role, performing uflebebis mimarT pativiscemis xelSewyoba. komisarma unda uzrunvelyos, agreTve, different functions from those of the European Court of Human Rights and other wevr qveynebSi evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis mier miRebul konvenciebTan, reko- mendaciebTan, rezoluciebTan da sxva dokumentebTan maTi sruli Sesabamisoba. treaty-based organs. The Commissioner does not have legal powers but provides advice and information on the protection of human rights and the prevention of komisari TamaSobs damxmare da, ZiriTadad, prevenciul rols, asrulebs ra ada- human rights violations. mianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlosa da konvenciiT dadgenil sxva organoTa funqciebs. komisars ar gaaCnia iuridiuli uflebamosileba, magram igi iZleva The Commissioner’s terms of reference also provide for co-operation with other rCevebsa da saTanado informacias adamianis uflebaTa dacvis da maTi darRvevis international institutions involved in human rights promotion and protection, and Tavidan acilebis Sesaxeb. for the possibility of acting on any relevant information from governments, national komisris mandati iTvaliswinebs urTierTobas adamianis uflebebis dacvisa da parliaments, national ombudsmen or similar institutions, individuals and organisa- xelSewyobis sferoSi moRvawe sxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebTanac. amasTan, mas tions. SeuZlia saTanado reagireba moaxdinos wevri qveynebis mTavrobebis, parlamentebis, ombudsmenis an msgavsi institutebis, pirebisa da organizaciebis mier mowodebul Working with other Council of Europe bodies, the Commissioner can submit a re- informaciaze. port, recommendation or opinion on a specifi c matter to the Committee of Ministers evropis sabWos Sesabamis uwyebebTan TanamSromlobis procesSi komisars saWiroebis and to the Parliamentary Assembly where appropriate. The fi rst holder of the post SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia, warudginos ministrTa komitets an saparlamento asambleas is Alvaro Gil-Robles (Spain) who was elected by the Parliamentary Assembly in ama Tu im sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli moxseneba, rekomendacia Tu mosazreba. pirvelad September 1999. am Tanamdebobaze dainiSna alvaro xil roblesi (espaneTi), romelic saparlamento asambleam 1999 wlis seqtemberSi airCia.

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adamianis uflebebi: dacva, xelSewyoba da maTi darRvevis Tavidan acileba 57

gamoyenebuli masala SELECT DOCUMENTATION

evropis sabWos gamocemebi Human Rights and the Police COUNCIL OF EUROPE PUBLISHING Human Rights and the Police Minorities in international law (1997), ISBN 92-871-3296-8 Minorities in international law (1997), ISBN 92-871-3296-8 (2002), ISBN 92-871-4773-6 Framework Convention for the Protection of National (2002), ISBN 92-871-4773-6 Framework Convention for the Protection of National Twenty-fi ve years of Council of Europe action in the Minorities (ETS No.157) Twenty-fi ve years of Council of Europe action in the Minorities (ETS No.157) fi eld of equality between women and men (1995), ISBN 92-871-2514-7 fi eld of equality between women and men (1995), ISBN 92-871-2514-7 EG (2002) 5 Stand up NOW for human rights! EG (2002) 5 Stand up NOW for human rights! Compilation of ECRI’s general policy recommenda- (video fi lm, 1995) Compilation of ECRI’s general policy recommenda- (video fi lm, 1995) tions (1 - 6) CRI(2001)7 Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and tions (1 - 6) CRI(2001)7 Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Human rights every day: The impact of the Council of Fundamental Freedoms Human rights every day: The impact of the Council of Fundamental Freedoms Europe’s work in the fi eld of human rights and protocols to the said Convention (ETS No. 5) Europe’s work in the fi eld of human rights and protocols to the said Convention (ETS No. 5) (2000), H/INF (99) 3 (rev 2) (1991), ISBN 92-871-1961-9 (2000), H/INF (99) 3 (rev 2) (1991), ISBN 92-871-1961-9 Council of Europe action in the fi eld of equality be- European Convention for the Prevention of Torture Council of Europe action in the fi eld of equality be- European Convention for the Prevention of Torture tween women and men and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment tween women and men and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment EG (2000) 3 (ETS No.126), EG (2000) 3 (ETS No.126), International law – Conventions of the Council of (1987), ISBN 92-871-1526-5 International law – Conventions of the Council of (1987), ISBN 92-871-1526-5 Europe Europe (1999), ISBN 92-871-3845-1 internetgverdebi (1999), ISBN 92-871-3845-1 Human Rights today – European legal issues Human Rights today – European legal issues WEBSITES aadamianisdamianis uflebaTauflebaTa generalurigeneraluri direqtoratidireqtorati (1999), ISBN 92-871-3813-3 (1999), ISBN 92-871-3813-3 Directorate General of Human Rights http://www.coe.int/T/E/Human_rights Short guide to the European Convention on Human Short guide to the European Convention on Human http://www.coe.int/T/E/Human_rights aadamianisdamianis uflebaTauflebaTa evropulievropuli sasamarTlosasamarTlo Rights Rights European Court of Human Rights http://www.echr.coe.int (1999), ISBN 92-871-3754-4 (1999), ISBN 92-871-3754-4 http://www.echr.coe.int wwamebisamebis sawinaaRmdegosawinaaRmdego evropulievropuli komitetikomiteti The death penalty – Abolition in Europe The death penalty – Abolition in Europe European Committee for the Prevention of Torture http://www.cpt.coe.int (1999), ISBN 92-871-3874-5 (1999), ISBN 92-871-3874-5 http://www.cpt.coe.int rrasizmisaasizmisa ddaa SeuwynareblobisSeuwynareblobis sawinaaRmdegosawinaaRmdego evropulievropuli European Social Charter – The Charter, its protocols, European Social Charter – The Charter, its protocols, European Commission against Racism and Intoler- kkomitetiomiteti the revised Charter the revised Charter ance http://www.coe.int/ecri (1999), ISBN 92-871-4052-9 (1999), ISBN 92-871-4052-9 http://www.coe.int/ecri eerovnulirovnuli umciresobebiumciresobebi Gender mainstreaming Gender mainstreaming National minorities http://www.coe.int/T/E/Human_rights/Minorities (1999), ISBN 92-871-3799-4 (1999), ISBN 92-871-3799-4 http://www.coe.int/T/E/Human_Rights/Minorities xxelSekrulebebielSekrulebebi dada konvenciebikonvenciebi In our hands – The effectiveness of human rights pro- In our hands – The effectiveness of human rights pro- Treaties and conventions http://conventions.coe.int tection 50 years after the Universal Declaration tection 50 years after the Universal Declaration http://conventions.coe.int aadamianisdamianis uflebaTauflebaTa komisarikomisari (1999), ISBN 92-871-3771-4 (1999), ISBN 92-871-3771-4 Commissioner for Human Rights http:/commissioner.coe.int European Social Charter – Collected texts European Social Charter – Collected texts http://commissioner.coe.int (1997), ISBN 92-871-3366-2 (1997), ISBN 92-871-3366-2 Framework Convention for the Protection of National Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities – Collected texts Minorities – Collected texts (1997), ISBN 92-871-3907-5 (1997), ISBN 92-871-3907-5

56 Human rights: protection, promotion and prevention 58 59

59 masobrivi informaciis Media and Democracy saSualebebi da demokratia Free, independent and pluralistic media, in accordance with Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, are central to the functioning aadamianisdamianis uflebaTauflebaTa evropulievropuli konvenciiskonvenciis me-10me-10 muxlismuxlis Tanaxmad,Tanaxmad , ddemokratiulemokratiul ssazogadoebaTaazogadoebaTa ffunqcionirebisunqcionirebis qvakuTxedsqvakuTxeds TTavisufali,avisufali , ddamoukidebeliamoukidebeli ddaa pplura-lura- of our democratic societies. The work of the Council of Europe in the media llisturiisturi mmasobriviasobrivi iinformaciisnformaciis ssaSualebebiaSualebebi wwarmoadgens.armoadgens. eevropisvropis ssabWosabWos ssaqmianobaaqmianoba sector is geared towards: mmediisediis ssferoSiferoSi SSemdegemdeg mmiznebsiznebs isaxavs:isaxavs: 6 strengthening freedom of expression and information and the free fl ow 6 ssityvisaityvisa ddaa iinformaciisnformaciis TTavisuflebis,avisuflebis , qqveynebsveynebs SSorisoris iinformaciisanformaciisa ddaa of information and ideas across frontiers; iideaTadeaTa TTavisufaliavisufali mmoZraobisoZraobis xxelSewyoba;elSewyoba; 6 developing pan-European policy measures and appropriate legal and 6 aamm miznismiznis misaRwevadmisaRwevad ssaerToevropuliaerToevropuli ppolitikuriolitikuri zzomebisaomebisa ddaa SSesabamisiesabamisi other instruments for this purpose; ssamarTlebriviamarTlebrivi ddaa sxvasxva saxissaxis iinstrumentebisnstrumentebis SSemuSaveba;emuSaveba; 6 formulating appropriate measures to ensure that media law and policy 6 ssaTanadoaTanado RRonisZiebebisonisZiebebis SSemuSaveba,emuSaveba , rraTaaTa uzrunvelyofiluzrunvelyofil iqnesiqnes mediasTanmediasTan keep pace with technological, economic and regulatory change in the ddakavSirebuliakavSirebuli kkanonmdeblobisaanonmdeblobisa ddaa ppolitikisolitikis SSesatyvisobaesatyvisoba mmasobriviasobrivi media sector. iinformaciisnformaciis seqtorSiseqtorSi teqnologiur,teqnologiur , ekonomikurekonomikur dada maregulirebelmaregulirebel ccvlilebebTan.vlilebebTan. Freedom of expression and information azris gamoxatvisa da informaciis Tavisufleba The European Declaration on the Freedom of Expression and of Information, ministrTa komitetis mier 1982 wels miRebuli evropuli deklaracia azris gamo- adopted by the Committee of Ministers in 1982, expresses the commitment of xatvisa da informaciis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb asaxavs wevr saxelmwifoTa mTavrobebis member states’ governments to freedom of expression and information. valdebulebas, uzrunvelyon azris gamoxatvisa da informaciis Tavisufleba. Facilitating transfrontier broadcasting transsasazRvro mauwyeblobis xelSewyoba In force since 1993, the European Convention on Transfrontier Television is in- sazRvrebs miRma mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb evropuli konvenciis (ZalaSia 1993 wlidan) tended to facilitate the circulation of television programme services across frontiers daniSnulebaa, xeli Seuwyos satelevizio programuli momsaxurebis cirkulirebas by guaranteeing freedom of reception and retransmission of such services on the qveynebis sazRvrebs miRma, konvenciis xelmomweri qveynebis teritoriebze am saxis territories of the contracting parties. The convention achieves this objective by momsaxurebis miRebisa da xelaxali gadacemis Tavisuflebis garantirebis gziT. aRniSnuli miznis misaRwevad konvencia uzrunvelyofs monawile mxareTa mier im ensuring that contracting parties abide by a minimum set of principles dealing with ZiriTadi principebis Sesrulebas, romlebic exeba programaTa Sinaarss, ganmeorebiT programme content, the right of reply, advertising and sponsorship. uflebas, reklamasa da sponsorobas. In 1998, the Committee of Ministers adopted a protocol amending the convention 1998 wels ministrTa komitetma, aRniSnul instrumentsa da evrokavSiris Seswore- in order to ensure coherence between this instrument and the European Union’s bul direqtivas - `televizia sazRvrebs gareSe~ - Soris Sesabamisobis damyarebis revised “Television without Frontiers” Directive. The original Convention’s provisions mizniT, miiRo konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi, romlis ZaliTac transsasazRvro mauwye- on, inter alia, jurisdiction, access of the public to events of major importance, ad- blobis Sesaxeb evropul konvenciaSi Sesworebebi iqna Setanili. am oqmis (romelic vertising and teleshopping, have all been extensively revised by the protocol, which xelmomweri qveynebisaTvis ZalaSi 2002 wlis 1 marts Sevida) safuZvelze, mniS- vnelovnad Seicvala konvenciis debulebebi, romlebic, inter alia, exeba iurisdiq- entered into force with regard to the Contracting Parties on 1 March 2002. cias, sazogadoebisTvis sayovelTao mniSvnelobis mqone movlenaTa xelmisawvdomobas, Other binding instruments reklamasa da televiziis meSveobiT vaWrobas. sxva dokumentebi, romlebic monawile European agreements on: mxareebs akisrebs valdebulebebs 6 programme exchanges by means of television fi lms (in force since 1961); evropuli SeTanxmebebi: 6 the protection of television broadcasts (in force since 1961); 6 satelevizio filmebis meSveobiT programebis gacvlis Sesaxeb (ZalaSia 1961 6 the prevention of broadcasts transmitted from outside national territories (in wlidan); force since 1967) and protocols there to; 6 satelevizio mauwyeblobis dacvis Sesaxeb (ZalaSia 1961 wlidan); European conventions relating to: 6 qveynis sazRvrebs garedan mauwyeblobis SezRudvis Sesaxeb (ZalaSia 1967 6 questions on copyright law and neighbouring rights in the framework of wlidan) da am SeTanxmebis damatebiTi oqmebi; transfrontier broadcasting by satellite; evropuli konvenciebi, romlebic exeba: 6 legal protection of services based on, or consisting of, conditional access. 6 saavtoro uflebebis Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobas da satelitis meSveobiT trans- sasazRvro mauwyeblobis farglebSi samezoblo uflebebs; Recommendations 6 pirobiT mierTebaze damyarebuli an am mierTebisgan Semdgari samsaxurebis The Committee of Ministers has adopted a series of legal and policy measures samarTlebrivi dacvis sakiTxebs. on various aspects of the mass media:

58 Media and Democracy 60 61

masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi da demokratia 61

rekomendaciebi 6 protection of journalists’ sources of information;

masmediis sxvadasxva aspeqtTan mimarTebaSi ministrTa komitetma miiRo rigi samar- 6 media and elections; Tlebrivi Tu politikuri zomebisa. es aspeqtebia: 6 sound and audiovisual piracy; 6 JurnalistTa sainformacio wyaroebis dacva; 6 media transparency and pluralism; 6 media da arCevnebi; 6 the legal protection of encrypted television services; 6 xmovani da audiovizualuri mekobreoba; 6 mediis gamWvirvaloba da pluralizmi; 6 protection of rights holders; 6 kodirebul telegadacemaTa samarTlebrivi dacva; 6 exclusive rights for the broadcasting of major events; 6 uflebebis mflobelTa dacva; 6 the independence of public service broadcasting; 6 mniSvnelovan movlenaTa translirebis eqskluziuri uflebebi; 6 “hate speech”; 6 sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblobis samsaxurebis damoukidebloba; 6 the distribution of videograms of a violent, brutal or pornographic nature; 6 `siZulvilis Semcveli gamosvlebi~; 6 self-regulation concerning cyber content 6 Zaladobisa da pornografiuli xasiaTis Semcveli videomasalis gavrcelebis aRkveTa; Priority concerns 6 videomasalis Sinaarsis TviTregulireba. Under the responsibility of the Steering Commmittee on the Mass Media, current prioritetuli mimarTulebebi work is now focused on seven main topics: mimdinare saqmianoba masmediis sameTvalyureo komitetis pasuxismgeblobiT, amJamad 6 the balance between freedom of expression and other fundamental rights Svid ZiriTad Temazea koncentrirebuli. es Temebia: (right to privacy, right to a fair trial, etc.); 6 wonasworoba azris gamoxatvis Tavisuflebasa da sxva ZiriTad uflebebs 6 on-line services and democracy (harmful and illegal cyber content, Internet (piradi cxovrebis uflebas, saqmis samarTliani ganxilvis uflebas da a.S.) literacy) Soris; 6 the democratic and social implications of digital broadcasting; 6 `onlain~ momsaxureba da demokratia (mavne da ukanono Sinaarsis videomasala, internetis saTanado codna); 6 the convergence of communications technologies and services and its 6 cifruli mauwyeblobis demokratiuli da socialuri aspeqtebi; impact on media regulation; 6 sakomunikacio teqnologiebisa da momsaxurebebis daaxloeba da maTi zegavlena 6 media pluralism and diversity in the light of the development of concentra- mediis regulirebaze; tions and new communications technologies and services; 6 mediis pluralizmi da mravalferovneba axali sakomunikacio teqnologiebisa 6 the new challenges concerning the protection of copyright and neighbour- da momsaxurebebis ganviTarebis fonze; ing rights; 6 saavtoro uflebebisa da mezobeli qveynebis uflebebis dacvasTan dakavSire- 6 the interrelationship between freedom of expression and information and buli axali problemebi; the fi ght against terrorism. 6 urTierTkavSiri azris gamoxatvisa da informaciis Tavisuflebasa da tero- rizmTan brZolas Soris. Activities for the development and demokratiuli stabilurobis ganviTarebisa da consolidation of democratic stability ganmtkicebisken mimarTuli zomebi Establishing a media system which satisfi es all the requirements of a democratic demokratiis usafrTxoebis xelSewyobis mizniT evropis sabWos mier wamowyebul society – especially in the new member states and in those that are candidates iniciativebs Soris prioritetuli mniSvneloba eniWeba mediis iseTi sistemis for membership – constitutes a priority among the initiatives undertaken by the Seqmnas, romelic daakmayofilebs demokratiuli sazogadoebis yvela moTxovnas _ Council of Europe to foster democratic security. Co-operation programmes in the gansakuTrebiT axal wevr saxelmwifoebsa da kandidat qveynebSi. mediis sferoSi media fi eld provide support to these countries by means of legislative expertises TanamSromlobis programebi daxmarebas uwevs aRniSnul qveynebs sakanonmdeblo gamoc- as well as awareness-raising seminars and training workshops on such issues dilebis gaziarebiT, codnis asamaRlebeli seminarebiTa da saswavlo sesiebiT iseT as the exercise of journalistic freedom, media action and racism, the coverage of sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, rogoric aris Jurnalisturi Tavisuflebis gamoyeneba, elections, access to information, etc. mediis saqmianoba da rasizmi, arCevnebis gaSuqeba, informaciis misawvdomoba da a.S. evropis audiovizualuri observatoria The European Audiovisual Observatory

observatoria aris 1992 wels daarsebuli wilobrivi SeTanxmeba. igi agrovebs, The Observatory is a partial agreement, set up in 1992. It collects, processes and amuSavebs da avrcelebs informacias bazarze, samarTlebriv da resursebis sferoebSi distributes information about developments in the market, legal and resource fi elds _ evropaSi audiovizualuri seqtoris sam umniSvnelovanes strategiul sferoSi – three key strategic areas of the audiovisual sector in Europe. _ mimdinare movlenebis Sesaxeb. The information is collected from the 35 countries and the European Commission

60 Media and Democracy 62 63

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informaciis mopoveba xdeba observatoriis wevri 35 qveynidan da evrokomisiidan, which are currently members of the Observatory. It is distributed by way of the xolo misi gavrceleba yovelwliuri statistikuri gamocemisa da yovelTviuri annual Statistical Yearbook and through the monthly legal review Iris. samarTlebrivi mimoxilvis _ `irisis~ _ meSveobiT warmoebs. The Observatory’s website contains a large number of reference fi les and provides observatoriis internetgverdze mocemulia rigi miTiTebebisa da `linkebisa~ sxva links to other sites. internetgverdebTan. observatoriis momsaxurebaTa ZiriTadi momxmareblebi arian evropis audiovizualur The main users of the Observatory’s services are professionals working in the sferoSi momuSave specialistebi da wevri qveynebis sajaro organoebi. audiovisual sector in Europe, and public bodies in the member countries.

gamoyenebuli masala SELECT DOCUMENTATION

evropis sabWos gamocemebi Media and elections – Handbook COUNCIL OF EUROPE PUBLISHING Media and elections – Handbook Protocol amending the European Convention on (1999), ISBN 92-871-3952-0 Protocol amending the European Convention on (1999), ISBN 92-871-3952-0 Transfrontier Television “Mass Media Files” series Transfrontier Television “Mass Media Files” series (ETS No.171) (1998), ISBN 92-871-3760-9 (10 titles) (ETS No.171) (1998), ISBN 92-871-3760-9 (10 titles) European Convention on Transfrontier Television Statistical Yearbook – Film, Cinema, Television, Video European Convention on Transfrontier Television Statistical Yearbook – Film, Cinema, Television, Video (ETS No.132) and New Media in Europe (ETS No.132) and New Media in Europe and explanatory report (2000 edition), ISBN 92-871-4227-0 and explanatory report (2000 edition), ISBN 92-871-4227-0 (1989), ISBN 92-871-1819-1 Iris – Legal Observations of the European Audiovisual (1989), ISBN 92-871-1819-1 Iris – Legal Observations of the European Audiovisual European Convention Relating to Questions on Copy- Observatory European Convention Relating to Questions on Copy- Observatory right Law and Neighbouring Rights in the Framework (monthly) right Law and Neighbouring Rights in the Framework (monthly) of Transfrontier Broadcasting by Satellite (ETS No.153) Legal Guide to Audiovisual Media in Europe – Recent of Transfrontier Broadcasting by Satellite (ETS No.153) Legal Guide to Audiovisual Media in Europe – Recent and explanatory report Legal Developments in Broadcasting, Film, Telecom- and explanatory report Legal Developments in Broadcasting, Film, Telecom- (1994), ISBN 92-871-3012-4 munications and the Global Information Society in (1994), ISBN 92-871-3012-4 munications and the Global Information Society in Activities in the Media Field Europe and Neighbouring States Activities in the Media Field Europe and Neighbouring States DH-MM (2000) 1 (1999), ISBN 92-871-4161-4 DH-MM (2000) 1 (1999), ISBN 92-871-4161-4 Council of Europe co-operation and assistance pro- Council of Europe co-operation and assistance pro- grammes in the media fi eld internetgverdebi grammes in the media fi eld DH-MM (2002) 5 DH-MM (2002) 5 WEBSITES http://www.humanrights.coe.int/media Freedom of expression in Europe: Case law concern- Freedom of expression in Europe: Case law concern- http://www.humanrights.coe.int/media eevropisvropis audiovizualuriaudiovizualuri oobservatoriabservatoria ing Article 10 of the European ing Article 10 of the European European Audiovisual Observatory http ://www.obs.coe.int Convention on Human Rights (Human rights fi les No. Convention on Human Rights (Human rights fi les No. http://www.obs.coe.int 18 (revised)) 18 (revised)) (2002), ISBN 92-871-4879-1 (2002), ISBN 92-871-4879-1

62 Media and Democracy 64 65

65 samarTlebrivi Legal co-operation TanamSromloba The Council of Europe is involved in harmonising the European legal systems in all fi elds of the law. It helps member and candidate states to modernise eevropisvropis sabWosabWo monawileobsmonawileobs evropulievropuli samarTlebrivisamarTlebrivi sistemebissistemebis harmonizebaSiharmonizebaSi ssamarTlisamarTlis yvelayvela sferoSi.sferoSi. sabWosabWo daxmarebasdaxmarebas uwevsuwevs TavisTavis wevrwevr dada kandidatkandidat qveynebsqveynebs their institutions and to make law serve democracy, to make justice more mmaTiaTi institutebisinstitutebis modernizebaSimodernizebaSi dada kanoniskanonis CayenebaSiCayenebaSi demokratiisdemokratiis samsaxurSi,samsaxurSi , effective and to meet new legal problems. To achieve these objectives, the mmarTlmsajulebisarTlmsajulebis efeqtianobisefeqtianobis gazrdaSigazrdaSi dada samarTlebrivisamarTlebrivi xasiaTisxasiaTis axaliaxali prob-prob- Council of Europe can count on: llemebisemebis mogvarebaSi.mogvarebaSi. amam miznebismiznebis misaRwevadmisaRwevad evropisevropis sabWosabWo awarmoebs:awarmoebs: 6 the intergovernmental activity programme which drafts legal instru- 6 mmTavrobaTaSorisiTavrobaTaSorisi ssaqmianobisaqmianobis pprogramas,rogramas , romlisromlis farglebSifarglebSi xdebaxdeba samarT-samarT- ments, including conventions (binding on member and non-member llebriviebrivi iinstrumentebis,nstrumentebis , mmaTaT Soris,Soris , konvkonveenciebisnciebis ((savaldebulosavaldebulo xxasiaTisasiaTis states which ratify them) and recommendations (non-binding guide- ddokumentebiokumentebi yyvelavela iimm wwevrievri ddaa aarawevrirawevri qqveynisaTvis,veynisaTvis , rromlebmacomlebmac mmaTiaTi rrati-ati- lines); fficirebaicireba mmoaxdines)oaxdines) ddaa rrekomendaciebisekomendaciebis ((arasavaldebuloarasavaldebulo xxasiaTisasiaTis ssaxel-axel- 6 the co-operation programme to strengthen the Rule of Law, which sup- mmZRvaneloZRvanelo miTiTebebi)miTiTebebi) SemuSaveba;SemuSaveba; ports member and candidate states (in particular central and eastern 6 TTanamSromlobisanamSromlobis pprogramas,rogramas , rromlisomlis mmizaniaizania kkanonisanonis uuzenaesobiszenaesobis gganmtkicebaanmtkiceba European countries) in their institutional, legislative and administra- ddaa rromlisomlis ffarglebSicarglebSic wwevrevr ddaa kkandidatandidat qqveynebsveynebs ((kerZod,kerZod , centraluricentraluri ddaa tive reforms and in training the legal professions to European norms aaRmosavleTRmosavleT eevropisvropis qqveynebs)veynebs) eewevweva daxmarebadaxmareba maTmaT institucionalur,institucionalur , sakanon-sakanon- and standards. mmdeblodeblo ddaa administraciuladministraciul rreformebSieformebSi ddaa iiuristebisuristebis mmomzadebaSiomzadebaSi eevropulivropuli nnormebisaormebisa ddaa sstandartebistandartebis SSesabamisad.esabamisad. The Committee of Ministers adopts the activity programme, which incorpo- rates the work of the European Ministers of Justice and senior offi cials from mministrTainistrTa komitetikomiteti RebulobsRebulobs saqmianobissaqmianobis programas,programas , rromelicomelic gulisxmobsgulisxmobs eev-v- rropisopis qqveynebisveynebis iiusticiisusticiis mministrebisainistrebisa dada SSinaganinagan saqmeTasaqmeTa saministroebissaministroebis maRalimaRali Ministries of the Interior. TTanamdebobisanamdebobis mmoxeleTaoxeleTa TanamSromlobas.TanamSromlobas. DEVELOPING LEGAL RELATIONS BETWEEN STATES saxelmwifoebs Soris samarTlebriv sferoSi urTierTobebis ganmtkiceba Public international law

saerTaSoriso sajaro samarTali The Council of Europe aims to create a framework for international co-operation in a political climate which encourages interdependence between states and to evropis sabWo miznad isaxavs, Seqmnas formati saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobisaTvis strengthen and infl uence public international law. Legal advisers meet to pool their iseT politikur atmosferoSi, romelic xels Seuwyobs saxelmwifoebis damokide- experience on issues such as state immunity, binding consent, succession or res- bulebas erTmaneTze, agreTve iTvaliswinebs sajaro saerTaSoriso samarTalze ervations to international treaties (for which it acts as a European Observatory). zegavlenis moxdenas da mis ganmtkicebas. iuridiuli konsultantebi ikribebian, raTa erTmaneTs gauziaron gamocdileba iseT sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, rogoricaa: Operation of conventions on crime saxelmwifos imuniteti, savaldebulo Tanxmoba, uflebamonacvleoba anda daTqmebi saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebTan dakavSirebiT (am sferoSi sabWo evropuli observa- The Council has adopted several key legal instruments, including conventions on toriis funqcias asrulebs). extradition, mutual assistance on criminal matters and the transfer of convicted danaSaulTan dakavSirebuli konvenciebi persons. These are monitored consistently to meet changing realities. It also has an active role in setting up the statute of the International Criminal Court. evropis sabWom miiRo ramdenime umniSvnelovanesi samarTlebrivi instrumenti, maT Soris, konvenciebi, eqstradiciis, sisxlis samarTlis sakiTxebSi urTierTdax- Fighting terrorism marebisa da msjavrdebuli pirebis gadacemis Sesaxeb. regularulad mimdinareobs am instrumentebis Tanmimdevruli monitoringi, rac miznad isaxavs cvalebadi piro- Fighting terrorism through international co-operation is a priority for the Council bebis gaTvaliswinebas. evropis sabWos mniSvnelovani roli akisria, agreTve, sisxlis of Europe. Member states are urged to withdraw reservations and to ratify the samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos wesdebis SemuSavebaSi. relevant legal instruments and there is overwhelming support for the Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism and the Convention on Extradition. A plan of ac- terorizmTan brZola tion for this new context updates legal instruments and reinforces co-operation, evropis sabWo prioritetul mniSvnelobas aniWebs saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis particularly by identifying the fi nancial sources of terrorism, improving investigative meSveobiT terorizmTan brZolas. wevr saxelmwifoebs mouwodeben, uari Tqvan daTqmeb- methods, adapting judicial systems, updating legal training and supporting the ze da moaxdinon Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi instrumentebis ratificireba. Zalze victims of terrorism. didi mxardaWeriT sargeblobs konvenciebi terorizmis aRmofxvrisa da eqstradi- ciis Sesaxeb. samoqmedo gegmaSi gaTvaliswinebulia samarTlebrivi instrumentebis Combating organised crime, money laundering and corruption Sesworeba axali pirobebis mxedvelobaSi miRebiT da TanamSromlobis ganmtkiceba, kerZod, terorizmis finansuri wyaroebis dadgenis, sagamoZiebo meTodebis gaumjobe- The Council of Europe has effective methods of fi ghting cross-frontier crime. Ge- sebis, aRniSnul axal pirobebTan sasamarTlo sistemebis misadagebis, samarTlebriv neral action is covered by European standards such as the Criminal Law Conven- sferoSi momzadebis axali meTodebis danergvisa da terorizmis msxverplTaTvis tion on Corruption, the Civil Law Convention on Corruption and the Convention on daxmarebis aRmoCenis sferoebSi.

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brZola organizebul danaSaulTan, fulis laundering, search, seizure and confi scation of the proceeds from crime. Special gaTeTrebasTan da korufciasTan organs such as the Group of States against Corruption (GRECO), monitor the operation of this normative system and evaluate national measures against money evropis sabWos aqvs erTi qveynis moqalaqeebis mier sxva qveyanaSi Cadenil danaSaulTan laundering. The OCTOPUS and PACO programmes are extending technical co- brZolis qmediTi meTodebi. am sferoSi zogad saqmianobas aregulirebs evropuli standartebi, magaliTad, sisxlis samarTlis konvencia korufciis Sesaxeb, samoqa- operation with Central and Eastern European States. laqo samarTlis konvencia korufciis Sesaxeb da konvencia danaSaulebrivi qmedebebis Sedegad miRebul SemosavalTa gaTeTrebis, Ziebis, amoRebisa da konfiskaciis Sesaxeb. Protecting children specialuri organoebi, rogoric aris, magaliTad, `saxelmwifoTa jgufi korufciis Protecting children is a special concern for the Council of Europe. The Action winaaRmdeg~ (GRECO) zedamxedvelobas uwevs normatiuli sistemis moqmedebas da afasebs wevri qveynebis mier fulis gaTeTrebis winaaRmdeg miRebul zomebs. pro- Plan against the sexual exploitation of children throughout Europe was adopted nd gramebis “OCTOPUS“ da “PACO“ farglebSi myardeba teqnikuri TanamSromloba in Budapest in November 2001, ahead of the 2 World Congress against sexual centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebTanac. exploitation of children for commercial purposes (Yokohama, December 2001). The Council adopted Recommendation R (2001) 16 concerning the sexual ex- bavSvTa dacva ploitation of children and is now setting up a supervisory system for its own legal bavSvTa dacva evropis sabWos gansakuTrebuli sazrunavia. komerciuli miznebiT instruments. bavSvTa seqsualuri eqspluataciis sawinaaRmdego me-2 msoflio kongresis gamarT- The Council is strengthening child protection under civil law by drafting norms for vamde (2001 wlis dekemberi, iokohama) 2001 wlis noemberSi budapeStSi miRebul custody, transfrontier access and regular contacts between parents and children. iqna samoqmedo gegma mTeli evropis masStabiT bavSvTa seqsualuri eqspluataciis winaaRmdeg. bavSvTa seqsualuri eqspluataciis winaaRmdeg evropis sabWom R (2001) 16 It also deals with issues relating to establishing parentage. rekomendaciac miiRo, amJamad ki ayalibebs sakuTari samarTlebrivi instrumentebis sazedamxedvelo sistemas. Fighting cybercrime evropis sabWo aZlierebs bavSvTa dacvas samoqalaqo samarTlis sferoSi bavSvebis The Council of Europe’s efforts to fi ght cybercrime led it to adopt the Convention mzrunvelobis qveS gadacemasTan, sxva qveynebSi gaSvilebasTan da mSoblebsa da bavS- on Cybercrime in 2001. There is no legal framework for cybercrime, so the Council vebs Soris regularul kontaqtebTan dakavSirebuli normebis SemuSavebis meSveobiT. is currently drafting a further Protocol to criminalise racism or xenophobic acts on garda amisa, igi agvarebs dedobisa da mamobis dadgenasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs. computer networks to fi ll the void. brZola kompiuteruli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg Crime prevention kompiuteruli danaSaulebis winaaRmdeg brZolis mizniT 2001 wels evropis sabWom miiRo konvencia kompiuteruli danaSaulebis winaaRmdeg. am saxis danaSaulTan The Council of Europe is drawing up guidelines on the prevention of crime and dakavSirebiT ar arsebobs samarTlebrivi baza, amitom samarTlebrivi vakuumis Se- juvenile delinquency. It assesses the effi ciency of national policies and sets out savsebad evropis sabWo amJamad amzadebs konvenciis damatebiT oqms kompiuteruli basic principles which member states are urged to follow to improve their own sistemebis meSveobiT rasizmisa da qsenofobiis gavrcelebis danaSaulebriv qmedebad prevention systems. kvalificirebis Sesaxeb. danaSaulis Tavidan acileba INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS TO INCORPORATE THE RULE OF LAW

evropis sabWo imuSavebs saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebs danaSaulisa da arasrulwlo- Constitutions and constitutional issues vanTa kriminalis Tavidan acilebasTan dakavSirebiT, afasebs wevri qveynebis mier am sferoSi gatarebuli politikis efeqtianobas da ayalibebs im ZiriTad principebs, A state’s constitution is its supreme legal text, establishing and organising its romlebsac unda misdion wevrma saxelmwifoebma maTi prevenciuli sistemebis gaum- institutional system. The Council of Europe is active in the constitutional debate jobesebis mizniT. through the European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission). This is a forum where countries can pool information and discuss institucionaluri reformebi kanonis uzenaesobis constitutional issues, ideas and projects. The Commission produces constitutional dasamkvidreblad studies, reports and publications. Its work also includes advising on the adoption of constitutions, whether new or revised, drafting opinions on the interpretation of konstituciebi da sakonstitucio sakiTxebi basic national and international legal instruments and assistance with electoral qveynis konstitucia misi uzenaesi kanonia, romelic ayalibebs da organizebas uwevs law issues. qveynis instituciur sistemas. sakonstitucio debatebSi evropis sabWo monawileobs Legislative reforms demokratiisaTvis kanonis meSveobiT evropuli komisiis (veneciis komisiis) saxiT. komisia warmoadgens forums, romelzec qveynebi erTmaneTs uziareben informacias The Council of Europe works with member states and candidates to ensure that da saubroben sakonstitucio sakiTxebze, ideebsa da proeqtebze. komisia gamoscems national legal systems comply with European norms in every fi eld, from civil, crimi- sakonstitucio gamokvlevebs, angariSebsa da sxva publikaciebs, konsultacias uwevs qveynebs axali an Sesworebuli konstituciebis miRebis procesSi, amzadebs nal and administrative law to bioethics and data protection. It organises working daskvnebs ZiriTadi erovnuli Tu saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi instrumentebis parties, provides expert opinions on legal texts and it introduces modern drafting interpretaciasTan dakavSirebiT da daxmarebas uwevs qveynebs saarCevno kanonmde- techniques to make legislation accessible to a lay public - a major priority in a blobis sferoSi. democratic state.

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sakanonmdeblo reformebi Improving the functioning of justice

evropis sabWo muSaobs wevr da kandidat qveynebTan, raTa uzrunvelyos erovnuli An effi cient independent judicial system is one of the Council of Europe’s fi rst samarTlebrivi sistemebis Sesabamisoba evropul normebTan yvela sferoSi – dawyebuli priorities and its Committee of Ministers has adopted many instruments to make samoqalaqo, sisxlis samarTlisa da administraciuli samarTliT da damTavrebuli them fair and effective. Its policy includes measures to reinforce judicial independ- bioeTikiTa da monacemTa dacviT. sabWo adgens samuSao jgufebs, misi eqspertebi iZlevian daskvnebs samarTlebriv dokumentebTan dakavSirebiT, igi amkvidrebs kanonmdeblobis ence and partiality, improved appeal procedures, better mechanisms for executing SemuSavebis Tanamedrove teqnikas, raTa kanonmdebloba farTo sazogadoebisTvis gasagebi court decisions, reducing the courts’ workload and the waiting time for judgments, gaxdes, rac erT-erTi prioritetuli sakiTxia demokratiul saxelmwifoSi. simplifying procedures and extending legal aid. It also encourages mediation in civil disputes as an alternative to traditional methods. It also encourages the use marTlmsajulebis moqmedebis gaumjobeseba of new information technology to ensure speed effectiveness and quality of the evropis sabWosTvis erT-erTi prioritetia efeqtiani da damoukidebeli sasamarTlo judicial system. The Consultative Council of European Judges (CCJE) assists the sistemebis arseboba. ministrTa komitetma miiRo mravali samarTlebrivi instrumenti Committee of Ministers to implement this policy. sasamarTlo sistemebis samarTlianobisa da efeqtianobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT. evropis sabWos politika am sferoSi moicavs zomebs sasamarTlos damoukide- The Council’s co-operation programme helps member states and candidates with blobisa da miukerZoeblobis gasaZliereblad, saqmeTa gasaCivrebis procedurebis the reform of judicial institutions such as Judicial Commissions, Public Prosecutor’s gasaumjobeseblad, ufro srulyofil meqanizmebs sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa Offi ces or Bar Associations. aRsrulebis, sasamarTloebis samuSao datvirTvisa da ganaCenis gamotanis drois Semcirebis, procedurebis gamartivebisa da samarTlebrivi daxmarebis aRmoCenis Training the legal professions sferoebSi. garda amisa, tradiciuli meTodebisgan gansxvavebiT, evropis sabWo xels uwyobs Suamavlobas samoqalaqo davebis msvlelobisas, mxars uWers, agreTve, axali The Council of Europe’s fi rst object is to guarantee justice and the rule of law. It sainformacio teqnologiebis gamoyenebas, raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnes sasamarTlo does so by taking part in the training of the entire legal profession, from judges, sistemis efeqtianoba da xarisxi. am politikis gatarebaSi ministrTa komitets prosecutors, lawyers, bailiffs, Court registrars and notaries to policemen and prison evropel mosamarTleTa sakonsultacio sabWo (CCJE) exmareba. staff. This includes training sessions such as those at the School of Judges in evropis sabWos TanamSromlobis programa daxmarebas uwevs wevr da kandidat qvey- Bordeaux and at Police Academies. nebs iseTi sasamarTlo dawesebulebebis reformirebaSi, rogoric aris sasamarTlo komisiebi, prokuraturebi da advokatTa asociaciebi. The Council promotes direct contacts between members of the same profession and sets out organisational guidelines; its regular meetings and conferences include judges, iuristebis momzadeba prosecutors, barristers and the presidents of the European supreme courts. evropis sabWos umTavresi mizania marTlmsajulebisa da kanonis uzenaesobis uzrun- velyofa. am miznis misaRwevad sabWo monawileobs zogadad iuristebis (dawyebuli Police and internal security services mosamarTleebiT, prokurorebiT, advokatebiT, beilifebiT, sasamarTlos registra- The Council of Europe pays particular attention to police ethics and in 2001 it torebiT, notariusebiT, policiis TanamSromlebiTa da sasjelaRsrulebis dawe- sebulebaTa personaliT damTavrebuli) profesiul momzadebaSi. amgvar momzadebaSi adopted a Code of Police Ethics as a basis for reforms in member states and Sedis iseTi mecadineobebi, rogoric tardeba, magaliTad, q. bordos (safrangeTi) candidates. The European Ministries of the Interior meet regularly to ensure that mosamarTleTa skolasa da policiis akademiebSi. police forces respect the Council’s fundamental principles, in particular in fi ght- evropis sabWo xels uwyobs pirdapir kontaqtebs erTi da imave profesiis warmo- ing international crime. The Council will also study the role and responsibility of madgenlebs Soris da ayalibebs saorganizacio miTiTebebs; sabWos mier regularu- internal security services and will report on the feasibility of recommendations in lad mowyobil Sexvedrebsa da konferenciebs eswrebian mosamarTleebi, prokurorebi, this fi eld. advokatebi da evropis saxelmwifoTa uzenaesi sasamarTloebis Tavmjdomareebi. Prison system policia da Sinagani uSiSroebis Zalebi The Council of Europe is working to humanise the prison system and it provides evropis sabWo gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevs policiis eTikis sakiTxs, am mizniT guidelines for member states to improve prison conditions. At present it is investigat- wevr da kandidat qveynebSi reformebis gatarebisTvis safuZvlis saxiT, 2001 wels miiRo `policiis eTikuri kodeqsi~. evropis qveynebis Sinagan saqmeTa saministroebi ing police custody, releases on parole and the management of long-term prisoners regularulad ikribebian da cdiloben uzrunvelyon, rom policiam pativi sces but it is also studying the alternatives to imprisonment. Steering groups comprising evropis sabWos fundamentur principebs, gansakuTrebiT, saerTaSoriso danaSaulTan Council experts and specialist European representatives assist South-eastern brZolis saqmeSi. garda amisa, sabWo momavalSi Seiswavlis qveynebis Sinagani uSiS- European nations and the Community of Independent States with prison reform. roebis samsaxurebis rolsa da pasuxismgeblobas da gaakeTebs angariSs am sferoSi rekomendaciebis gawevis SesaZleblobaze. THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE STATE AND ITS CITIZENS sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaTa sistema

evropis sabWo iRwvis, raTa penitencialuri sistema ufro humanuri gaxdes. igi Foreigners and citizens wevr saxelmwifoebs awvdis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebs cixeebSi arsebuli piro- The Council of Europe is a focal point for the collection and exchange of informa- bebis gaumjobesebasTan dakavSirebiT. amJamad, sabWo iZiebs policiaSi patimrobis, TavdebiT gaTavisuflebisa da patimrobis xangrZlivi vadis sakiTxebs, Tumca, amave tion on nationality, asylum applications and mobility. It seeks a consensus among dros ikvlevs patimrobis alternatiul variantebsac. evropis sabWos eqspertebisa states to prevent statelessness and to fi nd appropriate solutions for it. The Council da evropeli specialistebisgan Semdgari sagangebo jgufebi daxmarebas uweven of Europe’s European Convention on Nationality is the only international legal samxreT-aRmosavleT evropisa da damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobrobis qvey- instrument in this fi eld. nebs cixeebis reformirebaSi.

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damokidebuleba saxelmwifosa da Legal entities in civil society mis moqalaqeebs Soris The citizen’s right of expression is collective as well as individual. Citizens’ organi- ucxoelebi da moqalaqeebi sations are growing in number and the European Convention on the recognition of the Legal Personality of International Non-Governmental Organisations is another evropis sabWoSi Tavs iyris informacia moqalaqeobasTan, TavSesafris miRebis Tao- fi rst for the Council - the only international legal instrument of its kind. A Charter on baze ganacxadebTan da adamianTa gadaadgilebasTan dakavSirebiT. sabWo cdilobs the legal status of NGO’s is being drafted at present; it offers guidance to states saxelmwifoebs Soris konsensusis miRwevas adamianebis moqalaqeobis gareSe darCenis seeking a legal basis for NGO’s on their territories. Tavidan asacileblad da eZebs am sakiTxis mogvarebis gzebs. am sferoSi erTaderTi saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi instrumentia evropis sabWos evropuli konvencia Administrative courts and the public authorities moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb. iuridiuli erTeulebi samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi The Council of Europe pays particular attention to relations between the adminis- tration and the individual. It co-operates with members to oversee administrative moqalaqis ufleba azris gamoxatvaze koleqtiuric aris da individualuric. activities and to ensure that they remain within legal limits. This includes monitor- TandaTanobiT izrdeba moqalaqeTa organizaciebis raodenoba, xolo evropuli ing by a judge. konvencia saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebis samarTlebriv subieqtebad cnobis Sesaxeb, evropis sabWos mier Seqmnili, am sferoSi erTaderTi saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi instrumentia. amJamad mzaddeba qartia arasamTavrobo organizaciebis PROTECTING INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS samarTlebrivi statusis Sesaxeb. qartia saxelmZRvanelod gamoadgeba im saxelmwi- foebs, romlebsac TavianT teritoriebze moqmedi arasamTavrobo organizaciebisTvis Family law samarTlebrivi statusis miniWeba surT. The Council of Europe works to harmonise the norms of family law and gives administraciuli sasamarTloebi da sajaro special and sympathetic consideration to the individual’s problems in his private xelisufleba life. It is particularly active in child protection (see also above) and is responsible evropis sabWo sagangebo yuradRebas aqcevs administraciasa da kerZo pirebs Soris for the European Convention on the exercise of the rights of children. urTierTobas. sabWo TanamSromlobs wevr saxelmwifoebTan, raTa Tvalyuri adevnos administraciul saqmianobas da uzrunvelyos, rom es saqmianoba kanonier farglebSi Bioethics, xenotransplantation, biotechnology and food security warmoebdes, rac mosamarTlis mxridan zedamxedvelobasac gulisxmobs. The protection of human beings is necessary, above all, in medical research. Biotechnology involves serious ethical questions. The Council of Europe strikes a piradi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacva balance between freedom for the researcher and respect for the individual. It was the fi rst to draw up a Convention on Human Rights and biomedicine with additional saojaxo samarTali protocols to cover scientifi c advances. These protocols deal with organ transplants evropis sabWo muSaobs saojaxo samarTlis normebis harmonizebaze da sagangebo and prohibit human cloning; others dealing with the status of the embryo and the yuradRebas aqcevs pirad cxovrebaSi kerZo pirTa problemebs. sabWo gansakuTrebu- human foetus, human genetics and biomedical research were adopted in 2005. A lad did rols TamaSobs bavSvTa dacvis saqmeSi (ix. agreTve zemoT). mas akisria Recommendation on xenotransplantation was likely to be adopted. pasuxismgebloba bavSvTa uflebebis aRsrulebis Sesaxeb evropuli konvenciis gan- The Council is also concerned about the use of animals and has adopted several xorcielebaze. Conventions to protect them, particularly during transport and slaughter. These bioeTika, qsenotransplantacia, legal instruments are the subject of multilateral consultation. bioteqnologia da sasursaTo usafrTxoeba Psychiatry and Human Rights medicinis sferoSi kvleva warmoSobs adamianis dacvis aucileblobas. bioteqnologia eTikuri xasiaTis seriozul sakiTxebs wamoWris. evropis sabWo iRwvis mkvlevaris The Council of Europe is particularly concerned to protect persons suffering from Tavisuflebasa da TiToeuli adamianis mimarT pativiscemas Soris balansis dasa- mental disorders who are involuntary patients in psychiatric institutions. A “White myareblad. swored sabWom SeimuSava konvencia adamianis uflebebisa da biomedicinis Book” sets out guidelines to form part of a future legal instrument. Sesaxeb da am konvenciis damatebiTi oqmebi samecniero miRwevebis regulirebis mizniT. oqmebi exeba adamianis organoTa transplantacias da krZalavs adamianis klonirebas. Data protection 2005 wlidan ZalaSia adamianis embrionebisa da nayofis dacvasTan, adamianis gene- tikasTan da biosamedicino kvlevasTan dakavSirebuli sxva oqmebi. savaraudoa, rom All personal data, whether medical, statistical, actuarial, police or judicial, should be miRebuli iqneba rekomendacia qsenotransplantaciis Sesaxeb. processed with particular care to respect the privacy of the individual; this applies evropis sabWo cxovelTa dacvis sakiTxsac aqcevs yuradRebas. man miiRo ramdenime equally to data collected by video surveillance or smart cards. The Convention for konvencia cxovelTa dacvis Sesaxeb, gansakuTrebiT transportirebisa da dakvlis the protection of individuals with regard to automatic processing of personal data procesSi. am samarTlebriv instrumentebTan dakavSirebiT mravalmxrivi konsulta- has a specifi c protocol on supervisory authorities and transfrontier data fl ows, as ciebi mimdinareobs. well a several recommendations to guarantee confi dentiality. fsiqiatria da adamianis uflebebi

evropis sabWos gansakuTrebuli sazrunavia fsiqiatriul dawesebulebebSi iZulebiT moTavsebul, fsiqikuri aSlilobiT daavadebul pirTa dacva. `TeTr wignSi~ moce-

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samarTlebrivi TanamSromloba 73

mulia saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi, romlebic momavalSi misaRebi samarTlebrivi Local and regional democracy instrumentis nawili gaxdeba. The Council of Europe aims at promoting local and regional self-government, by monacemTa dacva pooling experience and developing administrative and legal structures’ policy, by mTeli samedicino, statistikuri, sadazRvevo, policiuri Tu sasamarTlo xasiaTis promoting transfrontier co-operation between local authorities and by highlighting personaluri monacemebis damuSavebisas, saWiroa gansakuTrebuli sifrTxile, raTa the cultural and linguistic diversity of Europe’s regions. uzrunvelyofil iqnes pativiscema adamianis pirad cxovrebaze uflebis mimarT. es aseve exeba videomeTvalyureobis an mikroprocesoriani sakredito baraTebis meSveobiT The Committee of Ministers approves the activity programme which also relies Segrovebul monacemebs. piradi monacemebis avtomaturi damuSavebisgan adamianebis on the Conferences of European Ministers responsible for local authorities, which dacvis Sesaxeb konvencias aqvs sagangebo oqmi zedamxedveli organoebisa da mona- meet regularly. cemTa sazRvrebs miRma moZraobis Sesaxeb, garda amisa, masSi mocemulia ramdenime rekomendacia konfidencialurobis garantirebasTan dakavSirebiT. Promoting local and regional democracy

adgilobrivi da regionaluri TviTmmarTveloba The Council of Europe aims to protect and strengthen local and regional democ- racy, and to encourage devolution of powers and citizen participation in local and evropis sabWos mizania adgilobrivi da regionaluri TviTmmarTvelobis xelSewyoba gamocdilebis gaziarebisa da administraciuli da samarTlebrivi struqturebis regional government. The European Charter of Local Self-Government was drawn politikis SemuSavebis, sxvadasxva qveynis xelisuflebis adgilobriv organoTa up with these aims in mind, and seeks to promote common European principles TanamSromlobis xelSewyobisa da evropis regionebis kulturuli da enobrivi and standards to protect and strengthen local authorities’ rights. mravalferovnebis warmoCenis gziT. The Council’s work covers all questions relating to the legal framework, structures, ministrTa komiteti amtkicebs samoqmedo programas. es programa emyareba adgilobriv duties, resources and functioning of local and regional authorities. marTvaze pasuxismgebel evropel ministrTa konferenciebs, romlebic regularulad imarTeba. Local authorities are an important focus of the co-operation programme to streng- then the Rule of Law. The emphasis here is on legislative assistance concerning adgilobrivi da regionaluri demokratiis xelSewyoba local and regional democracy, the division of powers between the various levels of evropis sabWo miznad isaxavs adgilobrivi da regionaluri demokratiis dacvasa da government and the relations between them, providing legal and technical assist- gaZlierebas, Zalauflebis ganawilebisa da adgilobriv da regionalur marTvaSi ance in planning local and regional fi nance systems and managing municipal public moqalaqeTa monawileobis xelSewyobas. adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb ev- services, training local and regional government staff and elected representatives ropuli qartia am amocanebis gaTvaliswinebiT Seiqmna da misi mizania, xeli Seuwyos and setting up and running local and regional authority associations. adgilobrivi xelisuflebis uflebaTa dacvisa da ganmtkicebis saerToevropuli principebisa da standartebis xorcSesxmas. Strengthening transfrontier co-operation evropis sabWos saqmianoba moicavs samarTlebriv bazasTan, struqturebTan, mova- leobebTan, resursebTan da xelisuflebis adgilobrivi da regionaluri organoebis In the past ten years border regions have become increasingly outward-looking, funqcionirebasTan dakavSirebul yvela sakiTxs. and this has opened up new prospects for transfrontier partnerships. The result is a marked revival of interest in regulations governing transfrontier and inter-territo- xelisuflebis adgilobriv organoebs didi mniSvneloba eniWeba kanonis uzenaeso- bis dasamkvidreblad warmoebuli TanamSromlobis programis farglebSi. yuradReba rial co-operation between authorities that do not straddle a common state border. gamaxvilebulia adgilobriv da regionalur demokratiasTan, mTavrobis sxvadasxva The legal basis for transfrontier co-operation is provided by the European Outline dones Soris Zalauflebis ganawilebasTan da am doneebs Soris urTierTobasTan Convention on Transfrontier Co-operation between Territorial Communities or dakavSirebul sakanonmdeblo daxmarebaze, iuridiuli da teqnikuri daxmarebis Authorities. The Council of Europe’s policy on transfrontier co-operation has two gawevaze adgilobrivi da regionaluri finansuri sistemebis dagegmvasa da munici- aims: to build trust and good-neighbourly relations and to remove any obstacles paluri sajaro samsaxurebis marTvaSi, adgilobrivi da regionaluri mmarTvelobis organoebis TanamSromelTa da arCeul warmomadgenelTa momzadebaSi, adgilobrivi (especially legal obstacles) to co-operation between local or regional authorities. da regionaluri mmarTvelobis organoebis asociaciebis daarsebasa da funqcioni- This work encourages the adoption and implementation of agreements on trans- rebaSi. frontier co-operation and the setting-up of cross-border co-operation bodies (such mosazRvre qveynebs Soris TanamSromlobis gaZliereba as Euroregions or councils).

bolo aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi mosazRvre regionebi sul ufro metad amyareben THE EUROPEAN CHARTER FOR REGIONAL OR MINORITY LANGUAGES sagareo kontaqtebs, es ki mosazRvre qveynebs Soris partniorobebis damyarebis axal perspeqtivebs gvisaxavs. aRniSnulis Sedegia mosazRvre qveynebsa da teritoriebs Regional and minority languages are an integral part of Europe’s cultural heritage, Soris TanamSromlobis mimarT interesis sagrZnobi gamococxleba. samarTlebriv and must be protected and promoted. Since 1992 European states have been able safuZvels transsasazRvro TanamSromlobisaTvis iZleva evropuli CarCo-konvencia administraciul-teritoriul erTeulebsa da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis or- to confi rm their commitment to protection of this heritage by signing a Council of ganoebs Soris sazRvrebs miRma TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb. sazRvrebs miRma TanamSrom- Europe instrument: the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. lobis sferoSi evropis sabWos politika or mizans isaxavs: ndobisa da mezobluri urTierTobis Camoyalibebas da adgilobrivi Tu regionaluri TviTmmarTvelobis organoebs Soris TanamSromlobaSi arsebuli nebismieri (gansakuTrebiT, samarTlebrivi xasiaTis) dabrkolebis gadalaxvas. amgvari saqmianoba xels uwyobs sazRvrebs miRma TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebaTa miRebasa da ganxorcielebas da sazRvrebs miRma TanamSromlobiT dakavebuli uwyebebis (rogoric aris, magaliTad, `evroregionebi~ (“Euroregions“) an sabWoebi) daarsebas.

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samarTlebrivi TanamSromloba 75

evropuli qartia regionalur da umciresobaTa enebis Sesaxeb

regionaluri da umciresobaTa enebi evropis kulturuli memkvidreobis Semadgeneli nawilia. saWiroa maTi dacva da mxardaWera. 1992 wlis Semdeg evropis saxelmwifoebs miecaT SesaZlebloba, daadasturon TavianTi valdebuleba aRniSnuli memkvidreobis dacvis mimarT da xeli moaweron evropis sabWos mier Seqmnil instruments _ re- gionalur da umciresobaTa enebis Sesaxeb evropul qartias.

gamoyenebuli masala SELECT DOCUMENTATION

evropis sabWos gamocemebi Protocol No. 2 to the European Outline Convention COUNCIL OF EUROPE PUBLISHING Protocol No. 2 to the European Outline Convention Guidelines on human rights and the fi ght against on Transfrontier Co-operation between Territorial Guidelines on human rights and the fi ght against on Transfrontier Co-operation between Territorial terrorism Communities or Authorities concerning interterritorial terrorism Communities or Authorities concerning interterritorial (2002), ISBN 92-871-5021-4 co-operation (No. 169) (2002), ISBN 92-871-5021-4 co-operation (No. 169) Convention on Cybercrime - Budapest, 8.XI. 2001 (1998), ISBN 92-871-3646-7 Convention on Cybercrime - Budapest, 8.XI. 2001 (1998), ISBN 92-871-3646-7 (ETS No. 185) Council of Europe French-English Legal Dictionary (ETS No. 185) Council of Europe French-English Legal Dictionary (2002), ISBN 92-871-4822-8 (1994), ISBN 92-871-2496-5 (2002), ISBN 92-871-4822-8 (1994), ISBN 92-871-2496-5 Additional Protocol to the Convention on Human European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages Additional Protocol to the Convention on Human European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages Rights and Biomedicine concerning Transplantation (Strasbourg, 1992) Rights and Biomedicine concerning Transplantation (Strasbourg, 1992) of Organs and Tissues of Human Origin - Strasbourg, (1993) (ETS 148), ISBN 92-871-2210-5 of Organs and Tissues of Human Origin - Strasbourg, (1993) (ETS 148), ISBN 92-871-2210-5 24.I.2002 (ETS N° 186) Convention on the Participation of Foreigners in Pub- 24.I.2002 (ETS N° 186) Convention on the Participation of Foreigners in Pub- (2002), ISBN 92-871-4885-9 lic Life at Local Level (Strasbourg, 1992) (2002), ISBN 92-871-4885-9 lic Life at Local Level (Strasbourg, 1992) Ethical eye (1992) (ETS 144), ISBN 92-871-2061-7 Ethical eye (1992) (ETS 144), ISBN 92-871-2061-7 Transplants European Convention on the Suppression of Ter- Transplants European Convention on the Suppression of Ter- (2002), ISBN 92-871-4779-5 rorism (2002), ISBN 92-871-4779-5 rorism Cloning (1986) (ETS 90), ISBN 92-871-0136-1 Cloning (1986) (ETS 90), ISBN 92-871-0136-1 (2002), ISBN 92-871-4702-7 European Charter of Local Self-Government (2002), ISBN 92-871-4702-7 European Charter of Local Self-Government The human genome (1985) (ETS 122), ISBN 92-871-0804-8 The human genome (1985) (ETS 122), ISBN 92-871-0804-8 (2001), ISBN 92-871-4568-7 Bulletin of Constitional Case-Law (2001), ISBN 92-871-4568-7 Bulletin of Constitional Case-Law Crime and criminal justice in Europe (CD-ROM), ISBN 01-Bul-Juri-s Crime and criminal justice in Europe (CD-ROM), ISBN 01-Bul-Juri-s (2000), ISBN 92-871-4378-1 (Subscription), ISBN 00-Bul-Juri-s (2000), ISBN 92-871-4378-1 (Subscription), ISBN 00-Bul-Juri-s Judicial organisation in Europe Judicial organisation in Europe (2000), ISBN 92-871-4245-9 internetgverdebi (2000), ISBN 92-871-4245-9 European Conventions and Agreements - Volume VII, European Conventions and Agreements - Volume VII, WEBSITES ssamarTlebrivamarTlebriv saqmeTasaqmeTa generalurigeneraluri direqtoratidireqtorati 1995-1998 (Nos. 156-172) 1995-1998 (Nos. 156-172) Directorate General of Legal Affairs http://www/coe.int/legal (1999), ISBN 92-871-3996-2 (1999), ISBN 92-871-3996-2 http://www.coe.int/legal xxelSekrulebebzeelSekrulebebze momuSavemomuSave samsaxurisamsaxuri Treaty-making in the Council of Europe Treaty-making in the Council of Europe Treaty Offi ce http://conventions.coe.int (1999), ISBN 92-871-3899-0 (1999), ISBN 92-871-3899-0 http://conventions.coe.int vveneciiseneciis komisiakomisia Protocol No. 2 to the European Outline Convention Protocol No. 2 to the European Outline Convention Venice Commission: http://www.venice.coe.int on Transfrontier Co-operation between Territorial on Transfrontier Co-operation between Territorial http://www.venice.coe.int aadgilobrividgilobrivi ddaa rregionaluriegionaluri demokratiademokratia Communities or Authorities concerning interterritorial Communities or Authorities concerning interterritorial Local and regional democracy http://www.coe.int/T/E/Legal_Affairs/Local and region- co-operation (No. 169) co-operation (No. 169) http://www.coe.int/T/E/Legal_Affairs/Local_and_region- al_Democracy (1998), ISBN 92-871-3646-7 (1998), ISBN 92-871-3646-7 al_Democracy ``greko~greko~ ((GRECO)GRECO) Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine GRECO http://www.greco.coe.int (Oviedo, 4.IV.1997) (ETS 164) (Oviedo, 4.IV.1997) (ETS 164) http://www.greco.coe.int (1997), ISBN 92-871-3223-2 (1997), ISBN 92-871-3223-2

74 Legal co-operation 76 77

77 socialuri integracia Social cohesion

eevropisvropis sabWosabWo TTavisiavisi ssaqmianobiTaqmianobiT aaqtiuradqtiurad uuWersWers mmxarsxars ssocialurocialur iintegracias.ntegracias. aamm The Council of Europe actively promotes social cohesion. Its main objec- ssferoSiferoSi mmisiisi mmoRvaweobisoRvaweobis ZiriTadiZiriTadi miznebia:miznebia: tives are: 6 ssocialuriocialuri ddacvisacvis SesabamisiSesabamisi donisdonis uuzrunvelyofa;zrunvelyofa; 6 to guarantee an adequate level of social protection; 6 ddasaqmebis,asaqmebis , pprofesiulirofesiuli sswavlebisawavlebisa ddaa mmuSaTauSaTa uuflebebisflebebis mmxardaWera;xardaWera; 6 to promote employment, vocational training and workers’ rights; 6 ssazogadoebisazogadoebis ggansakuTrebiTansakuTrebiT ddaucvelaucvel ffenebzeenebze mmzrunveloba;zrunveloba; 6 TTanasworanaswor SSesaZleblobaTaesaZleblobaTa ddamkvidrebisamkvidrebis xxelSewyoba;elSewyoba; 6 to provide protection for the most vulnerable groups of society; 6 ddiskriminaciisaiskriminaciisa ddaa ssocialuriocialuri gariyvisgariyvis wwinaaRmdeginaaRmdeg bbrZola;rZola; 6 to promote equal opportunities; 6 mmigraciisigraciis sferoSisferoSi eevropulivropuli TTanamSromlobisanamSromlobis ggaZliereba.aZliereba. 6 to combat exclusion and discrimination; socialuri integraciis strategia 6 to consolidate European co-operation on migration. 1997 wels gamarTul evropis sabWos rigiT meore samitze socialur integracias A social cohesion strategy prioritetuli roli mieniWa. socialuri integraciis evropulma komitetma Sei- muSava socialuri integraciis strategia, romelic 2001 wels miiRo ministrTa Social cohesion was identifi ed as a leading priority at the Council of Europe’s sec- komitetma. es strategia safuZvlad daedeba evropis sabWos konkretul samuSao programas momavali wlebisaTvis. ond summit in 1997. The European Committee for Social Cohesion worked out a social cohesion strategy which the Committee of Ministers adopted in 2001. It is socialur integraciasTan a statement of intent which commits the Council to a defi nite working programme dakavSirebul sakiTxTa gadawyveta for the coming years. meore samitis mier dadgenili samoqmedo gegmis safuZvelze daarsebuli socialuri Handling issues linked to social cohesion integraciis ganviTarebis samsaxuri axorcielebs kvleviT-analitikur saqmianobas, xels uwyobs politikis SemuSavebas da axorcielebs proeqtebs wevr qveynebSi. am The Social Cohesion Development Division was set up in response to the Second samsaxuris saqmianoba efuZneba socialuri integraciis strategias. amJamad mimdi- Summit Action Plan. It carries out research and analyses, promotes policy devel- nareobs samuSaoebi socialuri integraciis monitoringisaTvis indikatorebis Sesa- muSaveblad da mmarTvelobisa da siRaribis sawinaaRmdego strategiebis sakiTxTa opment and undertakes projects in member states. The social cohesion strategy Sesaswavlad. teqnikuri daxmarebis programis farglebSi, aRniSnuli samsaxuri is at the heart of the Division’s activities. Current activities include developing sargeblobs qseluri midgomiT da samuSaos gasagrZeleblad amyarebs kavSirebs wevri indicators to monitor social cohesion and examining the issues of governance and saxelmwifoebis regionebsa Tu jgufebs Soris. samsaxuri aqveynebs eleqtronul anti-poverty strategies. The Division uses a networking approach as part of the gazeTs `socialuri integraciis sferoSi mimdinare procesebi~ da beWdur gamocemas technical assistance programme and builds links between regions or groups of `socialuri integraciis sferoSi arsebuli tendenciebi~. socialuri integraciis ganviTarebis samsaxurSi TanamSromloben socialuri mkvlevarebi, praqtikosebi da member states to continue the work. It publishes an electronic newsletter, “Social politikur gadawyvetilebaTa mimRebi pirebi. Cohesion Developments”, and a printed series, “Trends in social cohesion”. The Division’s work involves a network of social researchers, fi eldworkers and policy socialur uflebaTa xelmisawvdomoba makers. gasuli saukunis ganmavlobaSi socialuri uflebebi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobda Access to social rights evropul procesebSi, magram, miuxedavad warmatebisa mraval sferoSi, yvela evro- peli ar sargeblobs am uflebebiT. amJamad ZiriTad problemebs am TvalsazrisiT Social rights have played a prominent role in European development over the warmoadgens globalizacia, ekonomikuri da politikuri procesebi da saxelmwifos cvalebadi roli: isini xazs usvams adamianis saWiroebas, SeeZlos isargeblos so- last century but despite progress in many areas not all Europeans enjoy them. cialuri uflebebiT gaurkvevlobisa da swrafad cvalebadi samyaros pirobebSi. Globalisation, economic and political developments and the changing role of the state are now major challenges; they underline the individual’s need for access am TvalsazrisiT, evropis sabWom 1999 wels muSaoba daiwyo proeqtebze, romelTa to social rights in an age of uncertainty and rapid change. mizania, gaaanalizon, gamoavlinon da monaxon im problemaTa mogvarebis gzebi, romle- bic moqalaqeebis winaSe wamoiWreba xolme maT mier socialuri dacvis, sacxovreblis, In this context the Council of Europe began work in 1999 on projects to analyse, jandacvisa da ganaTlebis uflebaTa gamoyenebis procesSi. identify and fi nd solutions to the many problems facing individual citizens when socialuri uflebebiT sargeblobis SesaZleblobas arsebiTi adgili ukavia socia- trying to claim rights to social protection, housing, health and education. luri integraciis strategiaSi. evropis sabWo ayalibebs principebs am TvalsazrisiT. sabWos samarTlebrivi instrumentebia: evropis socialuri qartia, Sesworebuli Access to social rights is the core of the social cohesion strategy and the Council qartia da socialuri dacvis evropuli kodeqsi. sets out principles. Its legal instruments for the purpose include the European Social Charter, the Revised Charter and the European Code of Social Security. socialuri uflebebiT sargeblobis SesaZleblobis gasaanalizeblad evropis sabWo iwvevs eqspertebs mravali sferodan da rekomendacias uwevs iseTi politikis da- The Council calls on experts from many fi elds to analyse the problems of access nergvas, romelic xels Seuwyobs wevr saxelmwifoTa umravlesobaSi iuridiulad and recommends policies and provisions to bridge the gap between the legally garantirebul socialur uflebebsa da moqalaqeebisTvis maT realur xelmisawv- domobas Soris arsebuli napralis amovsebas. guaranteed social rights now in place in most member states and their real avail- ability to the citizen.

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socialuri integracia 79

evropuli konvenciebi socialur European conventions to protect social rights uflebaTa dacvis Sesaxeb The European Social Charter, the Revised Charter and their protocols guarantee evropis socialuri qartia, Sesworebuli qartia da maTi damatebiTi oqmebi uz- a number of fundamental social rights (see chapter on “Human rights: protection, runvelyofs rig Zireul socialur uflebebs (ix. Tavi `adamianis uflebebi: dacva, promotion and prevention”). The European Code of Social Security and its Protocol xelSewyoba da maTi darRvevis Tavidan acileba~). socialuri dacvis evropuli kodeqsi da misi oqmi uzrunvelyofen dacvis minimalur dones, romelic moicavs guarantee minimum protection, including medical care, sickness, employment in- samedicino momsaxurebas, avadmyofobas, sawarmoo travmas, mSobiarobas, umuSevrobas, jury, maternity, unemployment, invalidity and survivors’ benefi ts, family allowances invalidobas da Semweobas marCenalis dakargvis SemTxvevaSi, ojaxebis daxmarebas and pensions. The Revised Code (1990) takes account of recent changes in social da pensiebs. Sesworebuli qartia (1990) iTvaliswinebs wevr qveynebSi socialuri security legislation in member states and improves the protection guaranteed at dacvis sferoSi arsebul kanonmdeblobaSi ukanasknel periodSi momxdar cvlilebebs national level. da erovnul doneze aumjobesebs socialuri dacvis normebs. socialuri dacva ucxoeTSi Protection abroad

mSromelebisa da maTi ojaxebis saerTaSoriso mimosvlas, maT integrirebas mimReb The following agreements facilitate international mobility for workers and their qveyanaSi kulturuli TviTmyofadobis dakargvis gareSe, aseve maT samarTlebriv families, integration into host countries without loss of cultural identity, legal pro- da socialur dacvas uzrunvelyofs Semdegi SeTanxmebebi: tection and welfare provision: 6 evropuli konvencia socialuri dacvis Sesaxeb eyrdnoba oTx ZiriTad 6 The European Convention on Social Security. This is based on four funda- princips: Tanasworobas mopyrobaSi, kanonmdeblobis saerTo xasiaTs, mental principles: equality of treatment, uniformity of applicable legislation, uflebaTa SenarCunebas da sazRvargareT SemweobaTa gacemas. konvencia conservation of rights and payment of benefi ts abroad. The convention ap- moicavs kanonmdeblobis yvela im sakiTxs, romelic exeba socialuri plies to all legislation concerning sickness and maternity benefi ts, invalidity dacvis Semdeg sferoebs: Semweoba avadmyofobis an mSobiarobis SemTxvevaSi, benefi ts, retirement pensions, survivors’ pensions, benefi ts for occupational invalidobis, siberis, marCenalis dakargvis, sikvdilis, sawarmoo travmis injuries and diseases, death grants, unemployment benefi ts and family da avadmyofobis, umuSevrobis da ojaxebis Semweobebi; benefi ts. 6 evropuli konvencia socialuri da samedicino daxmarebis Sesaxeb Tanas- 6 The European Convention on Social and Medical Assistance is based on wori mopyrobis princips efuZneba. TiToeuli xelSemkvreli mxare kisru- the principle of equal treatment. Each contracting party undertakes to en- lobs valdebulebas, mis teritoriaze kanonierad mcxovrebi, konvenciis sure that nationals of other contracting parties who are lawfully present in sxva monawile qveynis moqalaqe uzrunvelyos im socialuri da samedicino their territory are entitled to the same social and medical assistance as its daxmarebiT, romliTac misi nebismieri moqalaqe sargeblobs; own nationals. 6 evropuli konvencia migranti mSromelebis samarTlebrivi statusis Sesaxeb 6 The European Convention on the Legal Status of Migrant Workers enshrines ayalibebs migrant mSromelTa mimRebi qveynis moqalaqeebTan Tanaswori the principle of equal treatment for migrant workers with nationals of the host mopyrobis principebs da uzrunvelyofs am tipis mSromelTa ojaxebis country and guarantees the right to family reunion. A consultative committee gaerTianebis uflebas. konvenciis ganxorcielebaze meTvalyureobas spe- monitors its application. cialuri sakonsultacio komiteti awarmoebs. ormxrivi da regionaluri Bilateral and regional social security cooperation TanamSromloba socialuri dacvis sferoSi The Council of Europe has an extensive bilateral and regional assistance pro- evropis sabWo axorcielebs ormxrivi da regionaluri TanamSromlobis farTomasSta- gramme for member states in central and eastern Europe. Its object is to help bian programebs centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebisaTvis. sabWos mizania, them to implement national social security legislation which is compatible with the daxmareba gauwios am qveynebs socialuri dacvis sferoSi iseTi kanonmdeblobis minimum standards of the European Code of Social Security and its Protocol. The miRebaSi, romelic Seesatyviseba socialuri dacvis evropul kodeqssa da mis oqmSi Council also promotes social security coordination by encouraging links between mocemul minimalur standartebs. garda amisa, sabWo xels uwyobs wevr qveynebs Soris socialuri dacvis sferoSi koordinacias kavSirebis damyarebis xelSewyobiTa member states and promoting its own legal instruments. These aim to guarantee da sakuTari samarTlebrivi instrumentebis damkvidrebiT. aRniSnuli instrumentebis equal access to social security for migrant workers and their families, especially mizania migranti mSromelebisa da maTi ojaxebisTvis (gansakuTrebiT maTTvis, visac when they have worked in two or more countries. or an met qveyanaSi umuSaviaT) socialuri dacvis uflebebiT Tanaswori sargeblobis SesaZleblobis garantireba. Dependency and social protection

sxvis kmayofaze myofi adamianebi The Council of Europe is studying the various aspects of extended life expectancy da maTi socialuri dacva in Europe and the costs arising from it. One area covered is dependency, with a view to improving social protection for elderly and dependent persons and those evropis sabWo Seiswavlis evropaSi sicocxlis didi xangrZlivobis sakiTxis sxvadasxva aspeqts da aqedan gamomdinare xarjebs. erT-erTi aseTi aspeqtia sxvis who care for them. kmayofaze myofi pirebis sakiTxi. gaTvaliswinebulia xandazmulTa, sxvis kmayofaze myof pirTa da maTze mzrunvelTa socialuri dacvis gaumjobeseba. Policies to promote employment Promoting access to jobs for the unemployed in its member states is a key compo- nent in the Council of Europe’s social cohesion strategy. The Committee of Experts

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dasaqmebis mxardamWeri politika on Promoting Access to Employment completed its work in 2001 and has drafted guidelines to develop local employment under fi ve main headings: partnership, evropis sabWos socialuri integraciis politikis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi kompo- equal opportunity and non-discrimination, entrepreneurship, education training and nentia organizaciis wevr qveynebSi samsaxuris maZiebel umuSevar pirTa uzrunvelyofa samuSao adgilebiT. samuSao adgilTa miRebis xelSemwyobma eqspertTa komitetma lifelong learning; it also monitors and evaluates. The Committee‘s report identifi ed 2001 wels daasrula muSaoba da moamzada saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi adgilobrivi barriers to employment, particularly in Central and Eastern European states; as- dasaqmebis ganviTarebis sferoSi xuTi ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT: partnioroba, Tanas- sistance projects in Russia, Albania and other member states stress the need to wori SesaZlebloba da diskriminaciis aRkveTa, mewarmeoba, profesiuli momzadeba improve access to employment in line with the Committee’s guidelines and encour- da swavleba mTeli sicocxlis manZilze. komitetis movaleobaa, agreTve, monito- age a partnership approach to improve the operation of local labour markets. ringi da Sefaseba. komitetis angariSSi gamovlenilia dasaqmebis sferoSi arsebuli dabrkolebebi, gansakuTrebiT centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi; ruseTis, Children and families albaneTisa da sxva wevri qveynebisTvis gamiznul daxmarebis proeqtebSi xazgasmulia, komitetis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebis Sesabamisad, dasaqmebis xelmisawvdomobis Problems concerning children and families are dealt with through the Forum for gazrdisa da Sromis adgilobrivi bazrebis funqcionirebis gasaumjobeseblad part- Children and Families, which offers recommendations and promotes information niorobaze damyarebuli midgomis xelSewyobis saWiroeba. exchanges. The Forum comprises representatives from member states’ govern- bavSvebi da ojaxebi ments, various Council of Europe bodies, international organisations and NGOs and a group of children. The issues examined include children’s place in society, social bavSvebTan da ojaxebTan dakavSirebuli problemebis mogvarebaze muSaobs forumi bavSvebisa da ojaxebisaTvis, romelic iZleva rekomendaciebs da xels uwyobs infor- support systems, child day care, day nurseries, child vagrancy, sexual abuse and maciis gacvlas. forumi Sedgeba wevr saxelmwifoTa mTavrobebis, evropis sabWos exploitation and residential care. All the Forum’s work stresses children’s rights. sxvadasxva uwyebis, saerTaSoriso da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgen- lebisagan da bavSvebis jgufisagan. forumze ganixileba Semdegi sakiTxebi: bavSvebis Integrating people with disabilities adgili sazogadoebaSi, socialuri daxmarebis sistemebi, bavSvebze yoveldRiuri zrunva, bavSvTa skolamdeli aRzrdis dawesebulebebi, moxetiale bavSvebi, seqsualuri The Council of Europe offers a coherent policy for people with disabilities, with eqspluatacia da Seuracxyofa, bavSvebis mimarT mopyroba sabavSvo dawesebulebebSi particular emphasis on functional rehabilitation, social integration and full partici- da a.S. forumis mTeli saqmianoba bavSvTa uflebebze amaxvilebs yuradRebas. pation in the life of the community. Its model policy aims to eliminate exclusion of invalidTa integracia whatever nature: psychological, educational, family-related, cultural, social, profes- sional, fi nancial or architectural. The policy promotes independent living and full evropis sabWo invalidebs sTavazobs Tanmimdevrul politikas, romelic efuZneba citizenship and helps to bring it about through several European initiatives and by samedicino reabilitacias, socialur integracias da sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi providing a source of inspiration for national legislative reform. aqtiur monawileobas. politikis mizania, aRmofxvras socialuri gariyva, imis miuxedavad, Tu ra saxis mizezebi udevs mas safuZvlad: fsiqologiuri, ganaTlebis Migration issues sferos, ojaxTan dakavSirebuli, kulturuli, socialuri, profesiuli, finansuri Tu arqiteqturuli. es xels uwyobs invalidTa damoukidebel cxovrebas da srul- The Council of Europe’s work in this fi eld focuses on the reasons for migratory yofil moqalaqeobas da daxmarebas uwevs dasaxuli miznebis miRwevas ramdenime movements, the migrant’s legal status and on integrating migrant and refugee evropuli iniciativisa da wevri qveynebis kanonmdeblobaTa reformirebisTvis populations. Integration is a major concern, especially in Southern, Central and stimulis micemis meSveobiT. Eastern European countries with recent experience of these problems. The Coun- migraciasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi cil’s policies lay stress on integration and provide guidelines to improve community relations, to encourage cohesion and tolerance and to guarantee migrants’ social evropis sabWos muSaoba am sferoSi koncentrirebulia migraciis mizezebze, migrantTa rights. One study, for example, recommends access for non-nationals to public samarTlebriv statusze da migranti da ltolvili mosaxleobis integrirebaze mimReb sazogadoebaSi. migrantTa integracia umTavresi problemaa, gansakuTrebiT sector posts. centraluri, samxreT da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi. evropis sabWos politika Irregular migration is a major concern. The Council recommends managing migra- yuradRebas amaxvilebs integraciaze da iZleva saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebs sazoga- doebaSi urTierTobis gaumjobesebis, integraciisa da tolerantobis xelSewyobisa tion fl ows by promoting dialogue and partnership between the countries of origin, da migrantTa socialuri uflebebis garantirebisTvis. magaliTad, erT-erTi kvleva of transit and destination. One of its most important tasks is the examination of iZleva rekomendacias, rom migrantebs mieceT SesaZlebloba, daikavon sajaro seq- regulations and practices affecting the legal status of foreign residents and of other torSi arsebuli Tanamdebobebi. persons admitted to the territory of member States. seriozuli problemaa migraciis araregularuli xasiaTi. evropis sabWos rekomen- daciiT, saWiroa migraciis nakadebis marTva migrantTa warmomavlobis, tranzitul Roma/Gypsies and Travellers da mimReb qveynebs Soris dialogisa da partniorobis xelSewyobis gziT. am mxriv The Council of Europe is helping member states to improve the situation of Europe’s sabWos erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani amocanaa im dadgenilebebisa da praqtikis gadasinjva, romlebic exeba ucxoel moqalaqeTa da wevr saxelmwifoTa terito- Roma/Gypsy minorities. It emphasizes two essentials - the need for comprehensive riebze daSvebul sxva pirTa iuridiul statuss. national and local policies and the need to involve the Roma/Gypsy communities in drafting them and putting them into action. The Specialist Group on Roma/Gypsies roma / boSebi and Travellers is drawing up guidelines and policy recommendations on issues af- evropis sabWo qmediT daxmarebas uwevs wevr qveynebs roma/boSebis umciresobaTa fecting Roma/Gypsies (human rights, education, employment, housing, etc.). The mdgomareobis gaumjobesebaSi. am TvalsazrisiT, sabWo yuradRebas amaxvilebs or Co-ordinator of Activities on Roma/Gypsies has various policy projects in hand in umTavres aspeqtze: yovlismomcveli erovnuli da adgilobrivi politikis aucile- the context of the Stability Pact for South-East Europe and he co-ordinates the blobaze da am politikis SemuSavebasa da gatarebaSi roma/boSebis saTvistomoTa work of the international organisations in the fi eld.

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monawileobis saWiroebaze. roma/boSaTa da sxva moxetiale jgufTa sakiTxis spe- Population and demographic developments cialistebisgan Semdgari jgufi wevri qveynebisaTvis adgens sxvadasxvagvar poli- tikur gzebs da rekomendaciebs am umciresobasTan mimarTebaSi (adamianis uflebebi, The European Population Committee (CAHP) monitors demographic trends in ganaTleba, dasaqmeba, sacxovrebeli da a.S.). samxreT da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebis- member states and studies their implications. New working methods adopted in Tvis stabilurobis paqtis farglebSi mraval proeqts axorcielebs roma/boSaTa 2002 are giving faster and better results and four special topics are studied each sakiTxebis koordinatori, romelic, garda amisa, koordinirebas uwevs am sferoSi year. The Committee works with organizations such as Eurostat and the ENECE sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso organizaciis saqmianobas. to co-ordinate data on populations in Europe. The analyses are a useful tool for mosaxleoba da demografiuli procesebi other Council programmes, particularly those dealing with cohesion, and they form the basis of the Committee’s advice to decision makers. Technical co-operation mosaxleobis evropuli komiteti Tvalyurs adevnebs wevr qveynebSi mimdinare demo- among the Council’s member states focuses on population data production and grafiul tendenciebs da aanalizebs arsebul mdgomareobas. 2002 wels SemoRebuli axali samuSao meTodebi ufro swraf da ukeTes Sedegebs iZleva. yovelwliurad censuses. xdeba oTxi konkretuli Temis Seswavla. evropis mosaxleobasTan dakavSirebuli monacemebis koordinirebuli gaanalizebis mizniT, komiteti TanamSromlobs iseT SOLIDARITY organizaciebTan, rogoric aris `evrostati~ da “ENECE“. monacemTa analizi sa- sargeblo rols asrulebs evropis sabWos sxva programebisTvisac, gansakuTrebiT, The Council of Europe Development Bank (CEB) socialuri integraciis sferoSi. swored aRniSnuli analizi edeba safuZvlad evropuli mosaxleobis komitetis rCevebs gadawyvetilebaTa mimRebi pirebisaTvis. The Development Bank was set up in 1956 under a Council of Europe partial evropis sabWos wevr saxelmwifoebs Soris teqnikuri TanamSromlobisas yuradReba agreement and currently has 38 member countries. Its main priority is to provide gamaxvilebulia mosaxleobasTan dakavSirebul monacemTa mogrovebasa da mosaxleo- bis aRwerebze. fi nancial assistance to member states facing social problems owing to the presence of refugees or displaced persons or victims of natural or ecological disasters. solidaroba The Bank’s fi eld of action extends beyond its primary objectives to take account of new social and economic priorities. evropis sabWos ganviTarebis banki (CEB) It grants loans of up to 50% of the total cost of social investment projects aimed ganviTarebis banki daarsda 1956 wels wilobrivi SeTanxmebis safuZvelze da amJamad at: 38 wevr qveyanas moiTvlis. misi moRvaweobis umTavresi prioritetia finansuri 6 creating jobs in small and medium-sized businesses in disadvantaged daxmarebis gaweva im wevri qveynebisaTvis, romlebSic ltolvilTa, iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa an bunebrivi da ekologiuri katastrofebis msxverplTa regions; mozRvavebis Sedegad, socialuri xasiaTis problemebi iCens Tavs. 6 developing vocational training programmes; garda axal socialur da ekonomikur prioritetebze reagirebisa, bankis samoqmedo 6 building low-cost housing; areali sxva sferoebsac moicavs. 6 providing social infrastructures in the fi elds of health (hospitals, health care banki gascems socialuri investiciis proeqtTa saerTo raodenobis 50 procentamde kreditebs. xsenebuli proeqtebi iTvaliswinebs: centres, etc.), education (schools, universities, etc.), environmental protec- tion (sewage and refuse treatment plants, etc.), rural modernisation, urban 6 ekonomikurad araxelsayrel regionebSi mcire da saSualo biznesis sferoSi renewal and the protection and rehabilitation of the historic heritage. samuSao adgilebis daarsebas; The Bank has set up a “Selective Trust Account” through which it channels a share 6 kadrebis mosamzadebeli programebis SemuSavebas; of its annual profi ts into interest and exceptional donations or subsidies for projects 6 iafi sacxovreblis mSeneblobas; with a particularly high social content in its more needy member countries. 6 socialuri infrastruqturis uzrunvelyofas Semdeg sferoebSi: jandacva Since it was set up, the Bank has granted loans of over 15 billion euros. The an- (saavadmyofoebi, poliklinikebi da a.S.), ganaTleba (skolebi, umaRlesi saswav- nual lending volume currently stands at about 1.6 billion euros. leblebi da a.S.), garemos dacva (Camdinare wylebis gawmenda, narCenTa gada- muSaveba da a.S.), sasoflo dasaxlebaTa modernizacia, urbanuli ganviTareba, Following the 5th capital increase decided in November 1999, its capital amounts istoriuli memkvidreobis dacva da reabilitacia. to approximately 4,5 billion euros, its disposable own funds (reserves, paid-up bankma daaarsa `SerCeviTi sakredito angariSi~, romlis meSveobiTac Tavisi yovel- capital) to approximately 1.6 billion euros. wliuri mogebis garkveul nawils saWiroebisamebr mimarTavs mis wevr qveynebSi mniSvnelovani socialuri datvirTvis mqone proeqtebis subsidirebisaTvis. A centre for global solidarity in Lisbon dRidan daarsebisa, bankma gasca 15 miliardi evros odenobis krediti. misi wliuri The European Centre for Global Interdependence and Solidarity (the North-South sakredito Tanxa 1,6 miliard evros Seadgens. 1999 wels miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba Centre) was set up in Lisbon (Portugal) in 1990 as a Council of Europe partial bankis sawesdebo fondis mexuTed gazrdis Sesaxeb, ramac gamoiwvia bankis kapitalis agreement. The Centre has two objectives: to raise public awareness of North- daaxloebiT 4,5 miliard evromde gazrda, xolo sakuTari fondebisa (rezervebi, South interdependence and solidarity and to develop links with governments, gadaxdili kapitali) _ 1,6 miliard evromde. local authorities, NGOs, parliamentarians and the media worldwide, with a view to promoting human rights, pluralist democracy and global education.

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globaluri solidarobis centri lisabonSi Educating, informing, communicating

globaluri urTierTdamokidebulebisa da solidarobis evropuli centri (Crdilo- Through its workshops, forums, seminars, educational material, publications and eT-samxreTis centri), evropis sabWos wilobrivi SeTanxmebis safuZvelze, 1990 other activities, including an annual North-South Prize and a Global Education wels lisabonSi (portugalia) daarsda. centri or mizans isaxavs: CrdiloeTisa da Week, the Centre seeks to raise awareness of human rights and the role of civil samxreTis urTierTdamokidebulebisa da solidarobis Sesaxeb evropuli sazoga- doebis codnis gaRrmavebasa da adamianis uflebebis, pluralisturi demokratiisa society, to develop international solidarity at local level, to build support for inter- da globaluri ganaTlebis xelSewyobis mizniT msoflios sxvadasxva qveynis mTav- national development aid, to promote media freedom and to improve North-South robebs, adgilobriv mmarTvelobaTa warmomadgenlebs, arasamTavrobo organizaciebs, relations. parlamentarebsa da medias Soris kavSirebis damyarebas. The North-South Centre publishes a monthly newsletter, The Interdependent. ganaTleba, informireba da komunikacia

centri awyobs forumebs, seminarebs, aqveynebs da avrcelebs sxvadasxva saganmanaTle- blo masalas, organizebas uwevs CrdiloeT-samxreTis yovelwliuri premiiT da- jildoebis ceremonials da sayovelTao ganaTlebis kvireuls. yovelive amis mizania sazogadoebaSi adamianis uflebebisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Sesaxeb codnis gavrceleba, adgilobriv doneze saerTaSoriso solidarobis damkvidreba, saerTa- Soriso ganviTarebis sferoSi daxmarebis mimarT mxardaWeris mopoveba, masobrivi informaciis saSualebaTa Tavisuflebis xelSewyoba da CrdiloeTsa da samxreTs Soris urTierTobaTa gaumjobeseba. CrdiloeT-samxreTis centri aqveynebs yovelTviur cnobars saxelwodebiT `urTi- erTdamokidebuleba~..

gamoyenebuli masala SELECT DOCUMENTATION

evropis sabWos gamocemebi sxva gamocemebi: COUNCIL OF EUROPE PUBLISHING OTHER PUBLICATIONS European Code of Social Security: Short Guide Electronic Newsletter Social Cohesion Develop- European Code of Social Security: Short Guide Electronic Newsletter Social Cohesion Develop- (2002), ISBN 92-871-4885-6 ments (2002), ISBN 92-871-4885-6 ments Trends and developments in old-age pension and The movement of Travellers in Council of Europe Trends and developments in old-age pension and The movement of Travellers in Council of Europe Health-care fi nancing in Europe during the 1990s member states, MG-S-ROM (2002) 10 rev. Health-care fi nancing in Europe during the 1990s member states, MG-S-ROM (2002) 10 rev. (2002), ISBN 92-871-4921-6 Strategy for social cohesion, CDCS (2000)43 (2002), ISBN 92-871-4921-6 Strategy for social cohesion, CDCS (2000)43 Promoting the policy debate on social exclusion from Roma and statistics, MG-S-ROM (2000) 13 Promoting the policy debate on social exclusion from Roma and statistics, MG-S-ROM (2000) 13 a comparative perspective Activities of the Council of Europe concerning Roma/ a comparative perspective Activities of the Council of Europe concerning Roma/ (2002), ISBN 92-871-4920-8 Gypsies and Travellers, MG-S-ROM (2000) 17 (2002), ISBN 92-871-4920-8 Gypsies and Travellers, MG-S-ROM (2000) 17 Rehabilitation and integration of people with disabili- Council of Europe Development Bank: Report of the Rehabilitation and integration of people with disabili- Council of Europe Development Bank: Report of the ties: policy and legislation (6th edition) Governor (2000) ties: policy and legislation (6th edition) Governor (2000) (2002), ISBN 92-871-4827-9 Programme for Children, 1998-2000 (2002), ISBN 92-871-4827-9 Programme for Children, 1998-2000 Safeguarding adults and children with disabilities Safeguarding adults and children with disabilities against abuse internetgverdebi against abuse (2002), ISBN 92-871-4919-4 (2002), ISBN 92-871-4919-4 WEBSITES ssocialuriocialuri integraciaintegracia The changing face of Europe - population fl ows in The changing face of Europe - population fl ows in Social Cohesion http://www.coe.int/T/E/Social_cohesion the 20th century the 20th century http://www.coe.int/T/E/Social_cohesion gganviTarebisanviTarebis bankibanki (2002), ISBN 92-871-4790-6 (2002), ISBN 92-871-4790-6 Development Bank http://www.coe.int/ceb Recent demographic developments in Europe Recent demographic developments in Europe http://www.coe.int/ceb CCrdiloeT-samxreTisrdiloeT-samxreTis centricentri (2001), ISBN 92-871-4783-3 + CD Rom (2001), ISBN 92-871-4783-3 + CD Rom North-South Centre http://www.coe.int/T/E/North-South_Centre Fertility and new types of households and family Fertility and new types of households and family http://www.coe.int/T/E/North-South_Centre wwilobriviilobrivi SeTanxmebaSeTanxmeba socialursocialur dada sazogadoebrivisazogadoebrivi formation in Europe formation in Europe Partial Agreement in the Social and Public Health jjandacvisandacvis sferoebSisferoebSi (2001), ISBN 92-871-4698-5 (2001), ISBN 92-871-4698-5 Field http://www.coe.int/soc-sp Trends in mortality and differential mortality Trends in mortality and differential mortality http://www.coe.int/soc-sp (2001), ISBN 92-871-4725-6 (2001), ISBN 92-871-4725-6 Education and social cohesion Education and social cohesion (2000), ISBN 92-871-4443-5 (2000), ISBN 92-871-4443-5 Diversity and cohesion: new challenges for the inte- Diversity and cohesion: new challenges for the inte- gration of immigrants and minorities gration of immigrants and minorities (2000), ISBN 92-871-4345-5 (2000), ISBN 92-871-4345-5 Framework of integration policies Framework of integration policies (2000), ISBN 92-871-4341-2 (2000), ISBN 92-871-4341-2 Europe’s population and labour market beyond 2000 - Europe’s population and labour market beyond 2000 - Volume 1: An assessment of trends and policy issues Volume 1: An assessment of trends and policy issues (2000), ISBN 92-871-4273-4 (2000), ISBN 92-871-4273-4

84 Social cohesion 86 87

87 janmrTelobis dacva Health protection

eevropisvropis sabWossabWos mmizania,izania , SSeimuSaoseimuSaos jjanmrTelobisanmrTelobis ddacvisacvis eevropulivropuli politika,politika , The Council of Europe’s goal is to develop an ethical European health policy, rromelsacomelsac eTikurieTikuri normebinormebi daedebadaedeba safuZvlad.safuZvlad. eses SesaZlebeliSesaZlebeli gaxdeba:gaxdeba: by: 6 aadamianisdamianis uuflebebis,flebebis , ssocialuriocialuri iintegraciisantegraciisa ddaa jjanmrTelobisanmrTelobis ddacvisacvis 6 combining human rights, social cohesion and health agendas; kkursebisursebis ggaerTianebiT;aerTianebiT; 6 uusafrTxoebisasafrTxoebisa ddaa xxarisxisarisxis TTvalsazrisiTvalsazrisiT wwevrievri qqveynebisveynebis jjandacvisandacvis 6 harmonising member states’ health policies in terms of safety and ppolitikaTaolitikaTa hharmonizaciiT;armonizaciiT; quality; 6 pprevenciulirevenciuli mmedicinisaedicinisa ddaa jjandacvisandacvis ssferoSiferoSi gganaTlebisanaTlebis ddamkvidrebiTamkvidrebiT 6 developing preventive medicine and health education; ddaa gganviTarebiT;anviTarebiT; 6 promoting patients’ rights, access to health care, citizen participation 6 ppacientTaacientTa uuflebebis,flebebis , jandacvisjandacvis momsaxurebismomsaxurebis xelmisawvdomobis,xelmisawvdomobis , mmoqa-oqa- and protection for vulnerable groups. llaqeTaaqeTa mmonawileobisaonawileobisa ddaa ssazogadoebisazogadoebis ssustiusti jjgufebisgufebis ddacvisacvis xxelSewyo-elSewyo- bbiT.iT. Conferences of European Health Ministers

evropis janmrTelobis dacvis Europe’s Health Ministers meet regularly to create policies to meet the new chal- ministrTa konferenciebi lenges in health care. evropis qveynebis jandacvis ministrebi regularulad ikribebian, raTa SeimuSaon Their 7th Conference was held in June 2003 in Oslo (Norway) and has addressed politika janmrTelobis dacvis sferoSi wamoWrili axali problemebis mosagvare- the issues of “Health, Dignity and Human Rights - the role and responsibility of blad. ministrebis me-7 konferencia 2003 wlis ivnisSi osloSi (norvegia) gaimarTa Health Ministers”. The next conference will take place in 2007 in Bratislava. da misi ZiriTadi Tema iyo `janmrTelobis dacva, Rirseba da adamianis uflebebi – jandacvis ministrTa roli da pasuxismgebloba~. Semdegi konferencia dagegmilia Health care services: a social cohesion perspective 2007 wlisaTvis bratislavaSi. janmrTelobis dacvis samsaxurebi: The Council has just issued two publications, the fi rst on adapting health services socialuri integraciis perspeqtiva to people in marginal situations (Recommendation 2001 (12)) and the second on methods for drawing up medical practice guidelines (Recommendation 2001 evropis sabWom axlaxans gamoaqveyna ori dokumenti. pirveli exeboda sazogadoebis (13)). It is also studying palliative care organization and the impact of technology daucveli jgufebisaTvis jandacvis momsaxurebis Sesatyvisobas (rekomendacia 2001 on health care - the patient and the Internet. (12)), xolo meore – samedicino praqtikisTvis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebaTa SemuSavebis meTodebs (rekomendacia 2001 (13)). garda amisa, evropis sabWo ganixilavs pali- Health education for young people atiuri jandacvis organizebisa da janmrTelobis dacvaze teqnologiis zegavlenis (pacienti da interneti) sakiTxebs. The Council of Europe joined forces with the European Commission and the World Health Organisation Regional Offi ce for Europe in 1991/1992 to set up the Euro- axalgazrdebisTvis jandacvis pean Network of Health-Promoting Schools. Initially a pilot project in four central sferoSi codnis miwodeba and eastern European countries, the network now involves 40 nations, with over 1991-1992 wlebSi TanamSromlobis safuZvelze evropis sabWom, evrokomisiam da 500 pilot schools and 400 000 students. They aim to promote healthy lifestyles for msoflio jandacvis organizaciis evropis regionulma ofisma erToblivad daafuZnes the school population by building partnerships and encouraging teachers, pupils, jandacvis sferoSi swavlebis xelSemwyobi skolebis evropuli qseli. Tavdapir- parents and the wider community to work together to improve health. velad centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis oTx qveyanaSi wamowyebuli sacdeli proeqtebi sadReisod aerTianebs 40 qveynis 500-ze met eqsperimentul skolas 400 Blood transfusion: safety and ethics 000 moswavliT. aseTi tipis skolebis mizania, SemoiRon TanamSromloba, mouwodon maswavleblebs, moswavleebs, mSoblebsa da sazogadoebis farTo fenebs erToblivi Voluntary unpaid blood donation and the safety and improvement of haemotherapy muSaobisaken janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad da am gziT skolaSi are the Council’s guiding principles to harmonize transfusion practices. A guide moswavle yvela axalgazrdisaTvis daamkvidron cxovrebis janmrTeli wesi. to the preparation, use and quality assurance of blood components is updated sisxlis gadasxma: usafrTxoeba da eTika annually and a rare blood group bank has been set up in Amsterdam.

sisxlis gadasxmis arsebul praqtikaTa harmonizaciis saqmeSi evropis sabWos Organ transplants: saving lives saxelmZRvanelo principebia sisxlis nebayoflobiTi da usasyidlo gaReba, gadasx- The Council of Europe has set out the ethical principles governing organ trans- mis usafrTxoeba da hemoTerapiis gaumjobeseba. yovelwliurad xdeba sisxlis komponentTa momzadebis, gamoyenebisa da xarisxis uzrunvelyofis saxelmZRvanelo plants. It has already published guidelines for organ donation and is now drafting miTiTebebis ganaxleba. amsterdamSi daarsda sisxlis iSviaTi jgufebis banki. European safety standards for organs and tissues. Guidelines on the ethical and social implications of xenotransplantation - the use of living organs and tissues organoTa gadanergva: sicocxlis gadarCena from animals for transplantation into humans - will be published shortly. evropis sabWom SeimuSava organoTa gadanergvis maregulirebeli eTikuri normebis krebuli. sabWos ukve gamoqveynebuli aqvs saxelmZRvanelo principebi organoTa do- norobisaTvis, amJamad ki amzadebs adamianuri warmoSobis qsovilebisa da organoebis

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usafrTxoebis evropul standartebs. gamoqveynda cxovelTa cocxali organoebisa Pharmacopoeia: a world leader da qsovilebis adamianebisTvis gadanergvis _ qsenotransplantaciis _ eTikur da socialur SedegebTan dakavSirebuli saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi. The European Pharmacopoeia sets out common compulsory standards (mono- `farmakopea~: msoflio masStabis lideri graphs) to guarantee the quality of medicines in all member states. The organisa- tion promotes uniform analytical methods and standardises all substances used in `evropuli farmakopea~ ayalibebs saerTo da savaldebulo standartebs (monografiebs) human and veterinary medicines. National standards are being co-ordinated and yvela wevr qveyanaSi xarisxiani medicinis uzrunvelsayofad. organizacia xels uwyobs there are now over 1600 compulsory European standards for new medicines. saerTo analitikuri meTodebis damkvidrebas da axdens medicinasa da veterinari- aSi gamoyenebuli yvela nivTierebis standartizebas. regularulad xdeba erovnuli The work is carried out under a convention ratifi ed by the European Union and standartebis koordinirebac. sadReisod arsebobs axal preparatebTan dakavSirebuli 35 member states. However, the Pharmacopoeia’s infl uence stretches far beyond 1600-ze meti savaldebulo evropuli standarti. the frontiers of Europe; many other countries refer to its standards in their national aRniSnuli saqmianoba warmoebs evrokavSirisa da 35 wevri qveynis mier ratifici- legislation. rebuli evropuli konvenciis farglebSi. miuxedavad amisa, `farmakopeis~ gavlena The European Pharmacopoeia (5th edition - 01.01.2005) has been mandatory scildeba evropis sazRvrebs: mravali araevropuli qveyana iyenebs am organizaciis since January 2002. It is available as a bound book, as a CD-ROM and on-line. mier dadgenil standartebs Tavis kanonmdeblobaSi. Updates are issued three times a year in printed supplements. 2002 wlis ianvridan `evropuli farmakopea~ (me-5 gamocema - 01.01.2005) saval- debulo gaxda. igi gamoicema wignisa da kompaqturi diskis saxiT, ganTavsebulia, The Pompidou Group: co-operation in tackling drug problems agreTve, internetSi. misi damatebebi weliwadSi samjer beWduri saxiT gamoicema. The Pompidou Group is a multidisciplinary forum for ministerial co-operation to `pompidus jgufi~: TanamSromloba narkotikebTan combat drug abuse and traffi cking. The Group has 35 member states at present. dakavSirebul problemebTan brZolis saqmeSi It co-operates closely with the new democracies in the fi ght against drugs through `pompidus jgufi~ sxvadasxva sferos specialistebisgan Semdgari forumia nar- seminars, exchanges and a training programme for drug-care workers. komaniasTan da narkotikebiT vaWrobasTan brZolis saqmeSi ministrTa TanamSromlo- The Group’s health ministers meet every three years to review its work and set bisaTvis. sadReisod jgufSi 35 wevri qveyana Sedis. igi mWidrod TanamSromlobs new requirements. Current priorities include the prevention of drug abuse, the axal da kandidat qveynebTan narkotikebis winaaRmdeg brZolis saqmeSi _ atarebs social reintegration of addicts and drug users, the operation of the criminal justice saswavlo seminarebs, gacvliT da narkotikebis momxmareblebTan momuSave pirTa mosamzadebel programebs. system, the promotion of training and research, particularly into the social cost of drug abuse, and ethical issues. `pompidus jgufis~ wevri jandacvis ministrebi sam weliwadSi erTxel ikribebian, raTa mimoixilon jgufis mier warmoebuli samuSao da gansazRvron axali saWiroebebi. amJa- The Council is also co-operating with Mediterranean countries in establishing a mad jgufis prioritetebia: narkomaniis Tavidan acileba, narkomanTa da narkotikebis network of epidemiology experts. momxmarebelTa socialuri reintegracia, sisxlis samarTlis sistemis funqcionireba treiningisa da kvlevis, gansakuTrebiT, narkomaniis socialuri sazRauris Tvalsaz- Health protection for consumers risiT treiningisa da kvlevis, xelSewyoba da eTikuri sakiTxebi. The Council of Europe aims to improve consumer health protection by a new garda amisa, evropis sabWo TanamSromlobs xmelTaSua zRvis auzis qveynebTan epi- approach to nutrition and safety. It has already been instrumental in drafting na- demiologi eqspertebis qselis Seqmnis saqmeSi. tional legislation and European Union Directives to harmonize laws and practices momxmarebelTa janmrTelobis dacva governing the quality and safety of products affecting the human food chain. They include pesticides, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. evropis sabWo miznad isaxavs momxmarebelTa jandacvis donis gaumjobesebas kvebisa da sakvebis usafrTxoebis mimarT axali midgomis damkvidrebiT. evropis qveynebis kanonmdeblobebisa da evrokavSiris direqtivebis SemuSavebis procesSi evropis sabWom Tavisi wvlili Seitana adamianis sakvebze zegavlenis mqone produqtebis (maT Soris, pesticidebis, medikamentebisa da kosmetikuri saSualebebis) xarisxisa da usafrTxoe- bis maregulirebeli kanonebisa da praqtikis harmonizebis TvalsazrisiT.

gamoyenebuli masala SELECT DOCUMENTATION

evropis sabWos gamocemebi Plants in cosmetics: Plants and plant preparations COUNCIL OF EUROPE PUBLISHING Plants in cosmetics: Plants and plant preparations Guide to safety and quality assurance for organs, used as ingredients for cosmetic products Guide to safety and quality assurance for organs, used as ingredients for cosmetic products tissues and cells Volume 1 (2002) - ISBN 92-871-4703-5 tissues and cells Volume 1 (2002) - ISBN 92-871-4703-5 (2002), ISBN 92-871-4891-0 Volume 2 (2001) - ISBN 92-871-4676-4 (2002), ISBN 92-871-4891-0 Volume 2 (2001) - ISBN 92-871-4676-4 Guide to the preparation, use and quality assurance Health and society - Developing a methodology for Guide to the preparation, use and quality assurance Health and society - Developing a methodology for of blood components, 8th Edition drawing up guidelines on best medical practice of blood components, 8th Edition drawing up guidelines on best medical practice (2002), ISBN 92-871-4770-1 (2002), ISBN 92-871-4788-4 (2002), ISBN 92-871-4770-1 (2002), ISBN 92-871-4788-4

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Health and society - The adaptation of health care Book version: ISBN : 92-871-4587-3 Health and society - The adaptation of health care OTHER PUBLICATIONS services to the demand for health care and health care European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines - 2003 services to the demand for health care and health care Reducing drug misuse in Europe (Pompidou Group services of people in marginal situations - Recommen- catalogue services of people in marginal situations - Recommen- leafl et) dation Rec (2001)12 and explanatory memorandum (Principal publications and services of the European dation Rec (2001)12 and explanatory memorandum European Pharmacopoeia 2002 (2002), ISBN 92-871-4871-6 Pharmacopoeia) (2002), ISBN 92-871-4871-6 Cd Rom Version: ISBN 92-871-4588-1 The human rights, ethical and moral dimensions of The human rights, ethical and moral dimensions of Book version: ISBN : 92-871-4587-3 health care – 120 practical case studies internetgverdebi health care – 120 practical case studies European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines - 2003 (1998), ISBN 92-871-3055-8 (1998), ISBN 92-871-3055-8 catalogue jjandacvaandacva dada eTikaeTika Vocational rehabilitation for drug users in Europe Vocational rehabilitation for drug users in Europe (Principal publications and services of the European http://www.coe.int/T/E/Social_Cohesion/Health (2000), ISBN 92-871-4406-0 (2000), ISBN 92-871-4406-0 Pharmacopoeia) wwilobriviilobrivi SeTanxmebaSeTanxmeba socialursocialur dada sazogadoebrivisazogadoebrivi Calculating the social cost of illicit drugs – Methods Calculating the social cost of illicit drugs – Methods jjandacvisandacvis sferoebSisferoebSi and tools for estimating the social cost of the use of and tools for estimating the social cost of the use of http://www.coe.int/T/E/Social_Cohesion/soc-sp psychotropic substances psychotropic substances WEBSITES ``evropulievropuli farmakopea~farmakopea~ (2001), ISBN 92-871-4734-5 (2001), ISBN 92-871-4734-5 Health and Ethics http://www.pheur.org Development and improvement of substitution pro- Development and improvement of substitution pro- http://www.coe.int/T/E/Social_Cohesion/Health ``pompiduspompidus jjgufi~gufi~ grammes grammes Partial Agreement in the social and public health http://www.coe.int/T/DG3/Pompidou (2002), ISBN 92-871-4807-4 (2002), ISBN 92-871-4807-4 fi eld http://www.coe.int/T/E/Social_Cohesion/soc-sp European Pharmacopoeia sxva gamocemebi http://www.pheur.org Reducing drug misuse in Europe (Pompidou Group Pompidou Group leafl et) http://www.coe.int/T/DG3/Pompidou European Pharmacopoeia 2002 Cd Rom Version: ISBN 92-871-4588-1

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93 ganaTleba Education

eevropisvropis kulturulikulturuli konvenciakonvencia warmoadgenswarmoadgens safuZvelssafuZvels evropisevropis sabWossabWos saqmianobis-saqmianobis- The European Cultural Convention is the framework for the Council of TTvisvis iiseTseT ssferoebSi,feroebSi , rrogoricogoric aarisris gganaTleba,anaTleba , kkultura,ultura , mmemkvidreoba,emkvidreoba , ssportiporti ddaa Europe’s work on education, culture, heritage, sport and youth. To date, aaxalgazrdoba.xalgazrdoba. sadReisodsadReisod konvenciaskonvencias xelixeli moaweramoawera evropisevropis 4848 qveyanam.qveyanam. eses qveynebiqveynebi aaqtiurqtiur monawileobasmonawileobas iRebeniReben aRniSnulaRniSnul sferoebSisferoebSi evropisevropis sabWossabWos muSaobaSi.muSaobaSi. 48 European states have acceded to it and share in the Council’s work in these fi elds. saqmianobis formati A framework for action evropis sabWos programebi ganaTlebisa da kulturis sferoebSi imarTeba oTxi mmarTveli komitetis _ ganaTlebis, umaRlesi ganaTlebisa da kvlevis, kulturis The Council’s educational and cultural programmes are managed by four steering da kulturuli memkvidreobis komitetebis mier. garda amisa, regularulad imarTeba committees for education, higher education and research, culture and the cultural dargobriv ministrTa konferenciebi. heritage. There are also regular conferences of specialised ministers. ganaTleba: investireba evropis momavalSi Education: investing in Europe’s future ra wvlilis Setana SeuZlia ganaTlebas adamianis uflebebis da ZiriTadi Tavi- How can education promote human rights and fundamental freedoms and suflebebis xelSewyobisa da pluralisturi demokratiis gaZlierebis saqmeSi? ra gziT SeuZlia mas evropeli xalxebis daaxloeba da kulturuli gansxvavebebisa da strengthen pluralist democracy? How can it unite Europe’s peoples and bring mu- qveynebis sazRvrebis miuxedavad urTierTgagebisa da ndobis damkvidreba? rogor tual understanding and confi dence across cultural divides and national borders? SeuZlia ganaTlebas evropis qveynebis mTavrobebisa da moqalaqeebisaTvis daxmarebis How can it help Europe’s governments and citizens to meet the challenges facing gaweva Cveni sazogadoebebis winaSe mdgomi problemebis daZlevaSi? our societies? am mravalferovani sakiTxebis mosagvareblad, evropis sabWos saqmianoba moicavs: The Council of Europe tackles these wide-ranging issues by: 6 ganaTlebis sferos politikasTan, SinaarsTan da meTodebTan dakavSirebuli 6 carrying out major projects on education policy, content and methods in farTomasStabiani proeqtebis ganxorcielebas rogorc skolebSi, ise skolebis and out of school; farglebs gareT; 6 pooling ideas, experience and research; 6 ideebis, gamocdilebisa da kvlevis Sedegebis gaziarebas; 6 kavSirebisa da gacvliTi programebis xelSewyobas, axali partniorobebisa 6 promoting links and exchanges and developing new partnerships and da qselebis Seqmnas; networks; 6 qveynebis mier sxva qveynebSi miniWebul kvalifikaciaTa cnobis xelSewyobas; 6 promoting the recognition of qualifi cations across frontiers; 6 ganaTlebis sferos muSakebisa da xelmZRvanelebisaTvis praqtikul kvlevaTa 6 publishing practical studies and handbooks for policy-makers and educators; Sedegebisa da saxelmZRvaneloebis gamoqveynebas; 6 co-operating with other European institutions and non-governmental or- 6 evropis sxva dawesebulebebTan da arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan TanamS- ganisations. romlobas. partniorobebis damyareba ganaTlebis Partnerships for educational renewal seqtoris ganaxlebis mizniT The Council of Europe’s Directorate of School, Out-of-School and Higher Educa- evropis sabWos saskolo, skolis gareT ganaTlebis da umaRlesi ganaTlebis di- tion targets co-operation and assistance to member states under the collective reqtoratis mizania wevr qveynebTan TanamSromloba da maTTvis daxmarebis gaweva “Partnerships for Educational Renewal” project. This work fulfi ls the Council’s koleqtiuri proeqtis _ `partniorobebis damyareba ganaTlebis seqtoris ganaxlebis educational mission, which is to nurture democracy throughout Europe, to support mizniT~ _ farglebSi. es proeqti asaxavs sabWos misias ganaTlebis sferoSi: evropaSi educational improvements and reforms, to promote pan-European standards and demokratiis ganmtkicebas, ganaTlebis sferoSi winsvlisa da reformebis mxardaWeras, good practices and to advise and assist member states with special needs. saerToevropuli standartebisa da saukeTeso praqtikis damkvidrebas, konkretuli saWiroebebis mqone wevri qveynebisTvis rCevebis micemas da daxmarebis gawevas. Most of this work involves helping individual member or future member states with es samuSao gulisxmobs calkeuli wevri Tu momavali wevri qveynebis daxmarebas gana- structural changes in education legislation, policy, standards and methods in the Tlebis sferos kanonmdeblobaSi, politikaSi, standartebsa da meTodebSi struqtu- Education Directorate’s main fi elds: languages, history and democratic citizen- ruli cvlilebebis ganxorcielebaSi. es cvlilebebi exeba ganaTlebis direqtoratis ship. It also promotes regional co-operation and organizes activities to improve moRvaweobis ZiriTad sferoebs _ enebs, istorias da demokratiul moqalaqeobas. inter-regional dialogue on common issues such as education policy, quality and garda amisa, proeqtis farglebSi xeli ewyoba regionul TanamSromlobas da tar- provision for minorities. deba samuSaoebi, romlebic miznad isaxavs saerTo interesis sakiTxebze (rogoric aris ganaTlebis sferos politika, ganaTlebis xarisxi da ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofa “Partnership” projects are carried out within planned assistance programmes with umciresobaTa jgufebisaTvis) regionTaSorisi dialogis gaumjobesebas. individual partner countries and by specifi c programmes to help member states to `partniorobis~ proeqtebi xorcieldeba calkeul partnior qveynebSi daxmarebis fulfi l their membership obligations. dagegmili programebis farglebSi, agreTve, im konkretuli programebis farglebSi, romelTa mizania wevri saxelmwifoebisTvis daxmarebis gaweva maT mier evropis sabWos wevrobasTan dakavSirebuli valdebulebebis SesrulebaSi.

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demokratiuli usafrTxoeba, socialuri Democratic security, social cohesion and educational policies integracia da ganaTlebis sferos politika This activity is part of the Council’s work as a pan-European forum for educational evropis sabWos es programa warmoadgens demokratiul usafrTxoebasTan da socialur policies on democratic security and social cohesion. It investigates topical problems integraciasTan dakavSirebuli saganmanaTleblo politikis Sesaxeb saerToevropuli quickly and effectively, and in particular its aims are: forumis nawils. programa swrafad da efeqtianad Seiswavlis am sferoSi arsebul problemebs. misi miznebia: 6 to identify major educational problems in the new Europe; 6 axal evropaSi ganaTlebis sferoSi arsebul ZiriTad problemaTa dadgena; 6 to evaluate trends, guidelines and options in member states’ educational 6 wevr qveynebSi ganaTlebis politikis tendenciebis, saxelmZRvanelo princi- policies; pebisa da ganviTarebis mTavari mimarTulebebis Sefaseba; 6 to promote dialogue between decision-makers, teaching staff, parents and 6 ganaTlebis sferoSi gadawyvetilebis mimReb pirebs, maswavleblebs, ganaTlebis NGOs on a pan-European scale by exchanging information and spreading sferos muSakebs, mSoblebsa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebs Soris saerTo- new ideas and good practice. evropuli masStabis dialogis warmarTva informaciis gacvlisa da axali The Council has published reports on violence at school, the challenges of sci- ideebisa da warmatebuli praqtikis danergvis gziT. ence education, new information technologies in schools, equality at school and evropis sabWos gamoqveynebuli aqvs angariSebi Semdeg sakiTxebze: Zaladoba skolebSi, strategies for educational reform. problemebi samecniero ganaTlebis sferoSi, axali sainformacio teqnologiebi saswavlo dawesebulebebSi, Tanasworoba skolebSi da saganmanaTleblo reformis Education for democratic citizenship gatarebis strategiebi. ganaTleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis In 1997 the Council for Cultural Co-operation (CDCC) set up the Education for Democratic Citizenship (EDC) project to review the meaning of participatory de- 1997 wels kulturuli TanamSromlobis sabWom (CDCC) daaarsa proeqti _ `ga- mocracy and the status of the citizen and to identify the values and skills needed naTleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis~ (EDC). proeqtis miznebia monawileo- for citizenship and how they can be acquired and passed on. baze damyarebuli demokratiis mniSvnelobisa da moqalaqeTa statusis gadasinjva, agreTve, imis dadgena, Tu ra Rirebulebebi da unar-Cvevebia saWiro demokratiuli The exploratory phase (1997-2000) investigated the necessary skills and training moqalaqeobisTvis da rogor SeiZleba maTi SeZena da sxvebisTvis gadacema. strategies. The research was used in training activities and in analysing grass-roots citizen projects or “sites of citizenship”. proeqtis kvleviTi fazis (1997-2000) ganmavlobaSi Seswavlil iqna aucilebeli unar-Cvevebi da momzadebis strategiebi. kvlevis Sedegebi gamoyenebul iqna saswavlo The EDC’s new phase (2001-2003) has focused on developing and implementing mecadineobebze, agreTve, moqalaqeobasTan dakavSirebuli Zireuli proeqtebis (e.w. citizenship education policy, supporting the networking of practices in member `moqalaqeobis elementebis~) gasaanalizeblad. states and setting up a European clearing house for citizenship activities and proeqtis `ganaTleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis~ Semdgomi faza (2001-2003 ww.) networks. Education for human rights and active, responsible citizenship is crucial yuradReba gamaxvilda moqalaqeobis damkvidrebasTan dakavSirebuli saganmanaTleblo to the development of pluralist democracy. The Council of Europe has special pro- politikis SemuSavebasa da gatarebaze, wevr qveynebSi arsebuli saganmanaTleblo grammes to help new democracies to design curricula and teaching resources in praqtikis gavrcelebasa da moqalaqeobasTan dakavSirebuli saqmianobisa da qselebisaT- these key subjects and many policy-makers and practitioners have been trained vis evropuli institutis daarsebaze. pluralisturi demokratiis ganviTarebisTvis arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba ganaTlebas adamianis uflebebis sferoSi da aqtiur, in new approaches. The Council of Europe is also responsible for co-ordinating pasuxismgeblobiT aRsavse moqalaqeobas. evropis sabWos aqvs sagangebo programebi, work in education for democratic citizenship under the Stability Pact for South- romlebic daxmarebas uwevs axali demokratiis mqone qveynebs am umniSvnelovanes sfe- East Europe. roebSi saswavlo programebis SemuSavebaSi da saswavlo resursebis gansazRvraSi. axali midgomebis dasamkvidreblad tardeba gadawyvetilebis mimRebi pirebisa da praqtikosi Education for intercultural and interfaith understanding specialistebis momzadeba. garda amisa, evropis sabWo axorcielebs demokratiul moqalaqeobasTan dakavSirebuli ganaTlebis koordinirebas samxreT-aRmosavleT evropis The Council of Europe has responded to the tragic events of September 11 2001 by qveynebisaTvis stabilurobis paqtis farglebSi. intensifying its work for tolerance and dialogue within the culturally diverse societ- ies of modern Europe. A new project will review existing concepts of intercultural ganaTleba kulturebsa da sarwmunoebebs education and the particular need to prepare young people for dialogue across Soris dialogis sferoSi confessional boundaries on issues of or involving religion. 2001 wlis 11 seqtembris tragikul movlenebs evropis sabWo Tanamedrove evropis kulturuli TvalsazrisiT gansxvavebul sazogadoebebs Soris Semwynareblobisa Higher education and research da dialogis xelSemwyobi saqmianobis gaaqtiurebiT gamoexmaura. axali proeqtis The Steering Committee for Higher Education and Research (CD-ESR) is respon- farglebSi gadaisinjeba kulturebs Soris dialogis sferoSi arsebuli koncefciebi da religiasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis irgvliv dialogisTvis axalgazrdebis sible for the Council of Europe’s higher education and research activities. Its aim momzadebis sagangebo saWiroeba. is to develop higher education and research in Europe on the basis of common democratic principles and the values of the European university heritage, includ- umaRlesi ganaTleba da kvleva ing the freedom to learn, teach and research and self-government for academic umaRlesi ganaTlebisa da kvlevis komiteti (CD-ESR) pasuxismgebelia evropis institutions within a democratic society. sabWos saqmianobaze umaRlesi ganaTlebisa da kvlevis sferoebSi. komitetis miza- Priorities include contributing to the creation of a European Higher Education Area, nia evropaSi umaRlesi ganaTlebisa da kvlevis ganviTareba saerTo demokratiuli promoting education for social cohesion in the communication society, applying principebisa da evropis sauniversiteto memkvidreobis Rirebulebebis (maT Soris,

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swavlebis, swavlisa da kvlevis Tavisuflebisa da demokratiul sazogadoebaSi aka- the Convention (ETS No.165) on the recognition of qualifi cations in the European demiur dawesebulebaTa TviTmmarTvelobis) safuZvelze. region, reforming higher education in South-Eastern Europe, promoting access komitetis mimdinare saqmianobis prioritetebia: umaRlesi ganaTlebis evropuli to higher education and preserving the autonomy and the heritage of European sivrcis daarseba, socialuri integraciis mizniT ganaTlebis xelSewyoba informire- universities. bul sazogadoebaSi, evropis regionSi miniWebul kvlifikaciaTa cnobis Sesaxeb konvenciis (ETS No. 165) gamoyeneba, umaRlesi ganaTlebis reformireba samxreT da Creation of a European Higher Education Area (Bologna Process) aRmosavleT evropaSi, umaRlesi ganaTlebis misawvdomobis xelSewyoba da evropis umaRlesi saswavleblebis avtonomiisa da memkvidreobis dacva. Higher education in Europe is currently undergoing the most extensive and signifi - cant reforms for decades. The reform movement, known as the Bologna Process, umaRlesi ganaTlebis evropuli sivrcis daarseba aims to establish a European Higher Education Area by 2010, emphasizing its (boloniis procesi) European dimension and its role as the guardian of a democratic culture. Educa- umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema evropaSi amJamad iseT Zireul da mniSvnelovan re- tion systems within this area will be transparent, the degree system reformed and formirebas ganicdis, rogoric aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi ar ganucdia. boloniis qualifi cations recognized; higher education will be better adapted to the labour procesis saxelwodebiT cnobili reformebis procesi miznad isaxavs 2010 wlisaT- market and life-long learning encouraged. vis umaRlesi ganaTlebis evropuli sivrcis daarsebas da yuradRebas amaxvilebs aRniSnuli sivrcis evropul xasiaTze, agreTve, mis rolze, romelic demokratiuli The Council’s particular contribution will be in the recognition of qualifi cations and kulturis dacvas gulisxmobs. am sivrceSi arsebuli ganaTlebis sistemebi iqneba the reform of degree structures. gamWvirvale, saswavlo xarisxebis sistemebi reformirebas ganicdis da qveynebis The CD-ESR acts as a link between countries in the Bologna Process and other mier aRiarebul iqneba sxva qveynebSi miniWebuli kvalifikaciebi; umaRlesi ganaTleba signatories of the European Cultural Convention, who can benefi t from the Process ukeTesad miesadageba Sromis bazris moTxovnebs da xeli Seewyoba mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi swavlas. without joining it formally. evropis sabWos konkretuli wvlili Seexeba sxva qveynebSi miniWebuli kvalifika- Recognition of qualifi cations in Europe ciebis cnobas da saswavlo xarisxebis struqturebis reformirebas. The Council of Europe worked alongside UNESCO in this fi eld, within the framework umaRlesi ganaTlebisa da kvlevis komiteti asrulebs boloniis procesSi monawile qveynebsa da evropis kulturuli konvenciis xelismomwer sxva saxelmwifoebs (rom- of the Convention on the Recognition of Qualifi cations concerning Higher Educa- lebsac SeuZliaT aRniSnuli procesiT sargebloba masSi oficialuri monawileobis tion in the European Region (ETS 165). The Convention was opened for signature gareSe) Soris damakavSireblis rols. in Lisbon in April 1997 and came into force in February 1999. 40 countries have ratifi ed the Convention and a further fi fteen have signed it. evropis qveynebis mier kvalifikaciebis sayovelTao aRiareba The Council also co-operates with UNESCO in running a Network of national in- formation centres on academic mobility and recognition (ENIC) (www.enic-naric. evropis sabWo TanamSromlobs `iuneskosTan~ evropul regionSi umaRlesi ganaTlebis net). sferoSi kvalifikaciebis cnobis Sesaxeb konvenciis farglebSi (ETS 165). konven- ciis xelmowera 1997 wlis aprilSi daiwyo lisabonSi, xolo ZalaSi 1999 wlis Learning and teaching in the communication society TebervalSi Sevida. konvenciis ratificireba 40 qveyanam moaxdina, kidev TxuTmetma ki xeli moawera mas. This project, launched in 2001, covers the work of the CD-ED and the CD-ESR `iuneskosTan~ TanamSromlobiT, evropis sabWo warmarTavs akademiur mimosvlasa da in developing proposals and educational policy guidelines to meet the demands xarisxebis cnobaze momuSave erovnuli sainformacio centrebis qselis (ENIC) arising from the sweeping changes in European societies, taking account of the (www.enic-naric.net) muSaobas. impact of the new technologies. Its three objectives: swavleba da swavla informaciul sazogadoebaSi 6 to draw up a situation report on recent developments following the introduc- tion of information technology in European education systems; 2001 wels wamowyebuli es proeqti moicavs ganaTlebis komitetisa da umaRlesi ga- naTlebisa da kvlevis komitetis saqmianobas winadadebebisa da ganaTlebis politikis 6 to identify the problems and the remedies applied saxelmZRvanelo principebis SemuSavebis sferoSi, romelic miznad isaxavs evropul 6 to draft policy proposals on basic and further training and developments in sazogadoebebSi momxdari swrafi cvlilebebis Sedegad warmoqmnil moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebas axal teqnologiaTa zegavlenis gaTvaliswinebiT. proeqtis sami the teaching profession. ZiriTadi amocanaa: Language policies 6 evropis ganaTlebis sistemebSi sainformacio teqnologiis SemoRebis Sedegad ganviTarebuli procesebis Sesaxeb angariSis momzadeba; The project on “Languages, Diversity, Citizenship” promotes a diversifi ed approach to language learning in the context of democratic citizenship in Europe. Activities 6 problemebisa da maTi mogvarebis gzebis dadgena; include helping member states to analyse their language policies and promoting 6 sawyis da Semdgom momzadebasTan da swavlebis meTodebis ganviTarebasTan effective strategies for greater diversifi cation, including developing and piloting dakavSirebuli politikis Taobaze winadadebebis SemuSaveba. common European instruments of reference. Special importance is attached to enobrivi politika intercultural education, the mutual recognition of competences to improve mobility and employment prospects, and lifelong learning for participation in an interna- proeqti `enebi, mravalferovneba, moqalaqeoba~ xels uwyobs evropis demokratiuli tional society. moqalaqeobis konteqstSi, enebis swavlisadmi mravalferovan midgomaTa damkvidrebas. proeqtis farglebSi mimdinare saqmianoba moicavs wevri saxelmwifoebisTvis daxmarebis

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gawevas enobrivi politikis gaanalizebaSi da meti mravalferovnebis mizniT qmediT European Day of Languages strategiaTa SemuSavebas, rac, Tavis mxriv, iTvaliswinebs damxmare saerToevropuli instrumentebis SemuSavebas da sacdel gamoyenebas. gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba The Council of Europe has declared 26 September an annual European Lan- kulturaTaSoris ganaTlebas, mobilurobisa da dasaqmebis perspeqtivebis gaumjobesebis guages Day to be celebrated all over Europe. The theme for 2002 was “Lifelong mizniT qveynebis mier sxva qveynebSi miniWebuli kvalifikaciebis cnobas da mudmiv language learning”, a follow-up to the successful European Year of Languages ganaTlebas saerTaSoriso sazogadoebaSi erToblivad cxovrebisaTvis. 2001 organised by the Council of Europe and the European Union. This campaign enebis evropuli dRe involved thousands of people across 45 countries in events celebrating the benefi ts of being multilingual. evropis sabWom 26 seqtemberi enebis yovelwliur evropul dRed gamoacxada. es dRe mTels evropaSi unda aRiniSnos. 2002 wlis enebis evropuli dRis Tema iyo The campaign was based on the principle that language skills are important for `enebis swavla mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi~, rac ganavrcobda evropis sabWosa mutual understanding, democratic stability, employment and mobility. It highlighted da evrokavSiris erToblivi iniciativis safuZvelze warmatebiT organizebuli the value of linguistic diversity and the importance of offering all citizens the oppor- `enebis evropuli wlis~ (2001) Sedegebs. am kampaniis farglebSi 45 qveynis aTasobiT tunity of learning languages. The annual European Day of Languages will maintain adamianma miiRo monawileoba RonisZiebebSi, romlebic mieZRvna bevri enis codnis the momentum and build on the results, deepening its main themes. sasikeTo mxareebs. kampanias safuZvlad daedo principi, romlis Tanaxmad, enaTa codna Zalze mniS- The European Centre for Modern Languages vnelovania urTierTgagebis, demokratiuli stabilurobis, dasaqmebisa da mobilurobis TvalsazrisiT. enebis evropulma welma naTlad warmoaCina enobrivi mravalferovnebis The Centre was set up in Graz (Austria) under an enlarged partial agreement, Rirebuleba da yvela moqalaqisaTvis enebis swavlis SesaZleblobis micemis mniS- initially for three years (1994-1997), and is now a permanent Council of Europe vneloba. enebis yovelwliuri evropuli dRe gaagrZelebs am principebis danergvas, institution. At present, 33 states subscribe to the agreement. daeyrdnoba da ganavrcobs aRniSnuli kampaniis Sedegebsa da ZiriTad Temebs. The Centre is a forum for teacher trainers, training programme administrators, text- Tanamedrove enaTa evropuli centri book authors, curriculum developers, experts on educational standards, evaluation and certifi cation methods and offi cials responsible for language policies. It deals centri daarsda gracSi (avstria) gafarToebuli wilobrivi SeTanxmebis safuZvelze, specifi cally with implementing language policies and innovation and the spread Tavdapirvelad sami wlis (1994-1997) vadiT, amJamad ki evropis sabWos mudmivmoqmed dawesebulebad iqca. sadReisod SeTanxmeba 33 qveyanas aqvs xelmowerili. of good practice in modern language learning and teaching. It works on the basis of a four-year Medium term programme. centri warmoadgens forums im adamianebisTvis, vinc maswavlebelTa momzadebiT aris dakavebuli, mosamzadebeli programebis administratorebisTvis, saxelmZRvaneloebis History teaching in schools avtorebisTvis, saswavlo programebis SemmuSaveblebisTvis, saganmanaTleblo stan- dartebis, Sefasebisa da sertificirebis meTodebis eqspertebisa da enobriv poli- The project “Learning and teaching about the history of Europe in the 20th century” tikaze pasuxismgebeli pirebisaTvis. centris konkretul saqmianobas warmoadgens has produced documents to reform teacher training and teaching resources for enobrivi politikis ganxorcieleba, am sferoSi arsebul siaxleTa danergva da secondary schools, focusing on the 20th century. Foremost among them was a Tanamedrove enebis Seswavlasa da swavlebaSi warmatebuli praqtikis damkvidreba. history teachers’ handbook on different ways to teach the 20th century, with guides centri oTxwliani saSualovadiani programis safuZvelze muSaobs. or teaching packs on women’s history, nationalism, the Holocaust, voluntary and istoriis swavleba skolebSi forced migration and the use of fi lms in history teaching. It also recommended using museums, oral history, the audiovisual media and archives, to help students proeqtis `me-20 saukunis evropis istoriis Seswavla da swavleba~ farglebSi to understand the forces that shaped the last century. The Committee of Ministers gamoqveynda dokumentebi, romelTa mizania maswavlebelTa momzadeba da saSualo skolebisTvis gankuTvnil saswavlo masalaTa reformireba me-20 saukunis istori- adopted the fi rst Recommendation of its report on “Teaching history in the 21st aze yuradRebis gamaxvilebiT. proeqtis safuZvelze miRebulia gansakuTrebiT mniS- Century” (Rec. (2001) 15). vnelovani saxelmZRvanelo istoriis maswavlebelTaTvis me-20 saukunis istoriis swavlebis sxvadasxvadgari meTodebis Sesaxeb. saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemulia miTiTebebi “Teaching and Remembrance” an Tematuri paketebi qalebis istoriis, nacionalizmis, holokostis, nebayoflobiTi Schools in member states will observe a “Day of remembrance of the Holocaust da iZulebiTi migraciis, agreTve, istoriis swavlebisas kinomasalis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb. moswavleebis mier gasuli saukunis istoriis ganmapirobebel movlenaTa and of crimes against humanity” on the dates they think most appropriate, as a ukeT aRsaqmelad, saxelmZRvanelo rekomendacias uwevs muzeumebis, dauwereli is- follow-up to this Recommendation, and as agreed by the Ministers of Education toriis, audiovizualuri mediisa da arqivebis gamoyenebasac. ministrTa komitetma (Cracow, October 2000). miiRo Tavisi pirveli rekomendacia proeqtis `istoriis swavleba 21-e saukuneSi~ Taobaze angariSis Sesaxeb (Rec. (2001) 15). The reform of history teaching and textbooks `swavleba da gaxseneba~ The teaching of history makes a special contribution to the knowledge, skill and attitudes of the future citizens of democratic societies. The Council of Europe aRniSnuli rekomendaciisa da ganaTlebis ministrebis SeTanxmebis safuZvelze wevri has a long tradition in history education and is drawing on it to help new member qveynebis skolebSi Catardeba `holokostisa da kacobriobis winaaRmdeg Cadenil danaSaulTa gaxsenebis dRe~ im TariRebze, romlebsac skolebi miiCneven saWirod states to reform their history curricula, publish new textbooks and train history (krakovi, 2000 wlis oqtomberi). teachers. Its three major projects include: a programme on curricula, standards, new textbooks and training in the Russian Federation; the Black Sea Initiative, involving Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova, Romania, the Russian Federation, Turkey and Ukraine in seminars, projects and the production of a teaching pack; and the

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istoriis swavlebisa da Tbilisi Initiative, involving authors from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and the Rus- saxelmZRvaneloebis reformireba sian Federation in the preparation of a joint history textbook.

momaval demokratiul sazogadoebaTa moqalaqeebSi zogadi ganaTlebis, unar-Cvevebisa The Council of Europe is also co-ordinating work on history teaching in South-East da damokidebulebebis danergvis saqmeSi umniSvnelovanesi adgili ganekuTvneba isto- Europe under the Stability Pact, focusing on the training of history teachers, teach- riasa da mis swavlebas. evropis sabWos gaaCnia mravalwliani tradicia istoriis ing resources, higher education, and non-formal education for young people. swavlebis sferoSi, rac mas saSualebas aZlevs, qmediTi daxmareba gauwios axal wevr qveynebs istoriis saswavlo programis reformirebis, istoriis axali saxel- Education for Roma-Gypsies mZRvaneloebis gamocemisa da istoriis maswavlebelTa momzadebis saqmeSi. amJamad mimdinareobs sami ZiriTadi proeqti: saswavlo programasTan, standartebTan, axali In 2001 a new 3-year project was launched to improve the education of Roma- saxelmZRvaneloebis gamocemasTan da momzadebasTan dakavSirebuli programa ruseTis Gypsy children in practical terms, in line with declared principles through teacher federaciaSi; `Savi zRvis iniciativa~, romelic moicavs seminarebs, proeqtebsa da training seminars, links with other sectors of the Council and with NGOs in the fi eld, saswavlo masalebis paketebs bulgareTis, saqarTvelos, moldovas, rumineTis, ruseTis and above all in close cooperation with Roma groups and other stakeholders. federaciis, TurqeTisa da ukrainisaTvis; da `Tbilisis iniciativa~, romelic erTob- livi istoriis saxelmZRvanelos Seqmnis mizniT aerTianebs avtorebs somxeTidan, Europe at School Competition azerbaijanidan, saqarTvelodan da ruseTis federaciidan. garda amisa, evropis sabWo awarmoebs stabilurobis paqtis farglebSi samxreT-aR- This annual event for schools is co-sponsored by the Council of Europe, the Eu- mosavleT evropaSi istoriis swavlebis sferoSi mimdinare saqmianobis koordinirebas ropean Commission, the European Parliament and the European Cultural Foun- da yuradRebas amaxvilebs istoriis maswavlebelTa momzadebaze, saswavlo resursebze, dation. It is designed to interest young people of school age in European affairs. umaRles ganaTlebasa da axalgazrdebis araoficialur ganaTlebaze. Every year several hundred thousand young people take part in the competition ganaTleba roma / boSebisaTvis in CDCC countries, including an increasing number in the new democracies. An Internet Award Scheme with the motto “Towards a Citizens’ Europe” was set up in 2001 wels wamowyebul iqna axali samwliani proeqti aRiarebuli principebis 1999/2000 and is open to schools in the 32 countries involved in “Europe at school”. safuZvelze roma / boSebis bavSvebis praqtikuli ganaTlebis gaumjobesebis mizniT. The prize-winners are invited to spend a week at the European Youth Centre in es procesi unda ganxorcieldes maswavlebelTa mosamzadebeli seminarebis, evropis Strasbourg in July and are given information about the Council of Europe’s priori- sabWos sxva seqtorebTan da am sferoSi moRvawe arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan ties, including education, and its main institutions: the European Court of Human kavSirebis, gansakuTrebiT ki romas jgufebTan da sxva dainteresebul mxareebTan Rights, Parliamentary Assembly. mWidro TanamSromlobis gziT. evropa saskolo konkursebSi In-service training programme for educational staff

skolebisaTvis gansazRvrul am yovelwliur RonisZiebas erToblivad afinanseben The Council of Europe In-service Training Programme for Educational Staff gives evropis sabWo, evrokomisia, evroparlamenti da evropis kulturuli fondi. a European dimension to school education and teacher training in the 48 signatory RonisZiebis mizania, daainteresos skolis asakis axalgazrdebi evropuli probleme- states of the European Cultural Convention. The programme targets educators biT. yovelwliurad kulturuli TanamSromlobis sabWos (CDCC) wevri qveynebidan at primary and secondary level who can transfer the benefi ts of the course to the aseulobiT aTasi axalgazrda Rebulobs monawileobas am konkursSi. aseT konkursebSi greatest number of teachers and students. Some 5000 teaching professionals monawile axal demokratiul saxelmwifoTa raodenoba swrafad izrdeba. 1999-2000 take part every year, including those from the host country. wlebSi dafuZnda sainterneto prizi deviziT `viaroT moqalaqeTa evropisaken~. am premiis miReba SeuZliaT skolebs qselis `evropa skolebSi~ monawile 32 qveynidan. Some 80 annual courses and seminars present the Council’s priorities and konkursSi gamarjvebulebs ivlisSi erTi kviriT iwveven strasburgSi mdebare evro- projects: education for democratic citizenship and human rights, the teaching of peli axalgazrdebis centrSi. maT awvdian informacias evropis sabWos prioritetebis, history, responses to violence in everyday life in a democratic society, education maT Soris, ganaTlebis, agreTve, sabWos ZiriTadi institutebis _ adamianis uflebaTa of Roma/Gypsy children, intercultural and interfaith dialogue, the evolution of the evropuli sasamarTlosa da saparlemento asambleis _ Sesaxeb. teaching profession, the impact of new technologies and the European dimension ganaTlebis muSakTa kvalifikaciis in school education. asamaRlebeli programa Twice yearly, in May and November, the Council of Europe publishes a list of evropis sabWos ganaTlebis muSakTa kvalifikaciis asamaRlebel programas evropuli forthcoming courses and seminars in the Cultural Convention states. Practical ganzomileba Seaqvs saskolo ganaTlebasa da maswavlebelTa momzadebaSi evropis information, including the list, the guidelines for applicants and the national liaison kulturuli konvenciis xelmomwer 48 saxelmwifoSi. programis miznobriv jgufSi offi cers of the 48 signatory states is available on the Council of Europe website at Sedian ganaTlebis muSakebi dawyebiT da saSualo doneebze, romelTac aRniSnuli http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/education/Teacher%5Ftraining/> kursis gavlis Sedegad miRebuli codna SeuZliaT gadascen maswavlebelTa da moswavleTa maqsimalur raodenobas. programaSi yovelwliurad daaxloebiT 5000 European Secondary School Student Exchange Programme ganaTlebis muSaki monawileobs. (ESSSE) 80-mde yovelwliuri kursi da seminari umTavresad eZRvneba evropis sabWos iseT prioritetul mimarTulebebsa da proeqtebs, rogoric aris: ganaTleba demokratiuli This programme was launched in 1998. It offers 3-month European study bursaries moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebebis sferoebSi, istoriis swavleba, demokratiul to senior secondary-school students. It is based on cultural exchange and linguistic sazogadoebaSi yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi Zaladobaze reagireba, roma / boSaTa considerations play a minor role. Participants stay with host families and go to bavSvebis ganaTleba, kulturebsa da sarwmunoebebs Soris dialogi, maswavleblis school with their peers. It operates in conjunction with organisations experienced profesiis ganviTareba, axali teqnologiebis zegavlena da evropuli ganzomileba in the fi eld and it prioritises East-West exchanges and bursaries for South-East saskolo ganaTlebaSi.

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weliwadSi orjer, maissa da noemberSi, evropis sabWo aqveynebs evropis kul- European students. A Conference in Athens in May 2002 reviewed the programme turuli konvenciis xelmomwer saxelmwifoebSi momavalSi Casatarebeli kursebisa with a view to extending it. da seminarebis CamonaTvals. praqtikuli xasiaTis informacia, RonisZiebaTa CamonaT- vali, saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi ganmcxadeblebisaTvis da kavSirze pasuxismgebeli moxeleebisTvis 48 xelmomweri saxelmwifodan SegiZliaT ixiloT evropis sabWos internetgverdze: http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/education/Teacher%5Ftraining/> evropis saSualo skolebis moswavleTa gacvliTi programa (ESSSE)

1998 wels wamowyebuli es programa iTvaliswinebs saSualo skolis maRali klasebis moswavleTa uzrunvelyofas stipendiiT romelime sxva evropul qveyanaSi samTviani swavlis mizniT. programa efuZneba kulturuli gacvlis ideas da enobrivi aspeqti meorexarisxovan rols TamaSobs. monawileebi cxovroben mimRebi qveynis ojaxebSi da TavianT maspinZel TanatolebTan erTad dadian skolebSi. programa xorcieldeba am sferoSi gamocdilebis mqone organizaciebTan TanamSromlobiT. gansakuTrebuli aqcenti keTdeba aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs Soris gacvlebsa da stipendiebze samxreT-aRmosavleT evropeli moswavleebisaTvis. 2002 wlis maisSi aTenSi gamarTul konferenciaze moxda am programis gadasinjva misi gagrZelebis mizniT.

gamoyenebuli masala SELECT DOCUMENTATION

evropis sabWos gamcemebi Les droits de l’homme - dossier pédagogique COUNCIL OF EUROPE PUBLISHING Les droits de l’homme - dossier pédagogique Teaching 20th-century European history (2000) - ISBN : 92-871-4044-8 Teaching 20th-century European history (2000) - ISBN : 92-871-4044-8 (2001) - ISBN 92-871-4466-4 (2001) - ISBN 92-871-4466-4 Teaching about the Holocaust in the 21st century internetgverdebi Teaching about the Holocaust in the 21st century (2001) - ISBN 92-871-4537-7 (2001) - ISBN 92-871-4537-7 WEBSITES gganaTlebaanaTleba Education for democratic citizenship: word and actions Education for democratic citizenship: word and Education http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/educa- (2001) - ISBN 92-871-4507-5 actions http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/education/ tion/ Responsibility: from principles to practice - Proceedings, (2001) - ISBN 92-871-4507-5 Technical Cooperation and Assistance in Education tteqnikurieqnikuri TanamSromlobaTanamSromloba dada daxmarebadaxmareba ganaTlebisganaTlebis Delphes, October 1999 Responsibility: from principles to practice - Proceedings, http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/educa- ssferoSiferoSi (2001) - ISBN 92-871-4511-3 Delphes, October 1999 tion/T.A.C/ http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/educa- The emergence of human rights in Europe - An (2001) - ISBN 92-871-4511-3 Higher education tion/T.A.C/ anthology The emergence of human rights in Europe - An http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/education/ uumaRlesimaRlesi ganaTlebaganaTleba (2001) - ISBN 92-871-4514-8 anthology Higher_education/ http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/educa- Europe on-screen - Cinema and the teaching of (2001) - ISBN 92-871-4514-8 Education for Democratic Citizenship tion/Higher_education/ history Europe on-screen - Cinema and the teaching of http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/educa- gganaTlebaanaTleba demokratiulidemokratiuli moqalaqeobismoqalaqeobis dasamkvidre-dasamkvidre- (2001) - ISBN 92-871-4531-8 history tion/E.D.C/ bbladlad “Common European Framework of reference for lan- (2001) - ISBN 92-871-4531-8 History Teaching http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/educa- guages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment” “Common European Framework of reference for lan- http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/education/ tion/E.D.C/ Cambridge University Press – CUP guages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment” History_Teaching/ iistoriisstoriis sswavlebawavleba (2001) - 0 521 80313 6 (hardback) - 0 521 00531 0 (pa- Cambridge University Press – CUP In-Service Training Programme for Educational Staff http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/educa- perback). (2001) - 0 521 80313 6 (hardback) - 0 521 00531 0 (pa- http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/education/ tion/History_Teaching/ Information technologies in schools: reasons and perback). Teacher_training/ gganaTlebisanaTlebis mmuSakTauSakTa kkvalifikaciisvalifikaciis asamaRlebeliasamaRlebeli pro-pro- strategies for investment - Proceedings, Jurmala, Information technologies in schools: reasons and European Centre for Modern Languages, Graz ggramarama July 1999 strategies for investment - Proceedings, Jurmala, http://www.ecml.at/ http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/educa- (2000) - ISBN 92-871-4194-0 July 1999 Modern Languages tion/Teacher_training/ Teaching 20th century women’s history: a classroom (2000) - ISBN 92-871-4194-0 http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/educa- TTanamedroveanamedrove enaTaenaTa evropulievropuli centricentri gracSigracSi approach Teaching 20th century women’s history: a classroom tion/Languages/ http://www.ecml.at/ (2000), ISBN 92-871-4304-8 approach European Language Portfolio TTanamedroveanamedrove enebienebi Concepts of democratic citizenship (2000), ISBN 92-871-4304-8 http://culture.coe.int/portfolio http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/educa- (2000) - ISBN 92-871-4452-4 Concepts of democratic citizenship tion/Languages/ Prévenir la xénophobie, le racisme et l’antisémitisme (2000) - ISBN 92-871-4452-4 eevropulivropuli enebisenebis portfeliportfeli (2000) - ISBN 92-871-4046-4 (French edition only) Prévenir la xénophobie, le racisme et l’antisémitisme http://culture.coe.int/portfolio Violence at school: awareness-raising, prevention, (2000) - ISBN 92-871-4046-4 (French edition only) penalties Violence at school: awareness-raising, prevention, (2000), ISBN 92-871-4075-8 penalties (2000), ISBN 92-871-4075-8

102 Education 104 105

105 kultura da memkvidreoba Culture and heritage

dialogi kulturebs Soris da konfliqtebis Tavidan acileba Intercultural dialogue and confl ict prevention In Europe, as in other continents, culture is sometimes misused to justify inter- evropaSi, iseve, rogorc sxva kontinentebze, kulturis cnebiT amarTleben xolme kulturebsa da sarwmunoebebs Soris gansxvavebiT gamowveul konfliqtebs. Tumca cultural and inter-religious confl icts. Although cultural policies can not solve all kulturuli politika ver gadaWris sazogadoebis winaSe mdgom yvela problemas, society’s problems, the Council of Europe is convinced that cultural communication evropis sabWo darwmunebulia, rom kulturis Taobaze dialogs arsebiTi mniSvne- is essential both in preventing confl ict and in reconciliation. loba eniWeba konfliqtis Tavidan acilebaSic da mogvarebaSic. The Cultural Policy and Action Department’s new intercultural dialogue and con- kulturuli politikisa da qmedebis departamentis axali proeqtis _ `kulturebs fl ict prevention project will analyse the sources and mechanisms of intercultural Soris dialogi da konfliqtebis Tavidan acileba~ _ farglebSi gaanalizdeba or inter-religious confl icts in order to prevent them and to reconcile the parties in kulturebsa Tu sarwmunoebebs Soris gansxvavebiT gamowveuli konfliqtebis mize- the post-confl ict phase. zebi da meqanizmebi, raTa SesaZlebeli iyos am konfliqtebis Tavidan acileba da konfliqtis Semdgom periodSi mxareTa Serigeba. Cultural diversity and cultural citizenship kulturuli mravalferovneba da kulturuli moqalaqeoba Europe’s cultural richness is its diversity, its common heritage and the basis of its unity. The Council’s project on Cultural Policy and Cultural Diversity helps member evropis kulturuli mravalferovneba da saerTo memkvidreoba udevs safuZvlad evropis states to develop a comprehensive approach to policies for cultural diversity. kulturul simdidres da erTobas. evropis sabWos proeqti `kulturuli politika The project will organise a series of workshops on strategies, tools and case stud- da kulturuli mravalferovneba~ daxmarebas uwevs wevr saxelmwifoebs kulturuli mravalferovnebis sferoSi politikis mimarT kompleqsuri midgomis SemuSavebaSi. ies on subjects such as: proeqtis farglebSi moewyoba rigi seminarebisa, romlebic mieZRvneba qvemoT 6 cultural entrepreneurship and diversity, CamoTvlil TemebTan dakavSirebuli strategiebis, saSualebebisa da konkretuli 6 intercultural communication and confl ict prevention, magaliTebis ganxilvas. es Temebia: 6 culture, diversity and everyday life, 6 kulturuli mewarmeoba da mravalferovneba; 6 kulturebs Soris gansxvavebis Sesaxeb informaciis gavrceleba da kon- 6 diversity and mainstream public institutions and fliqtebis Tavidan acileba; 6 decentralisation and cultural planning approaches to diversity. 6 kultura, mravalferovneba da yoveldRiuri cxovreba; Cultural policies 6 kulturuli mravalferovneba da ZiriTadi sajaro dawesebulebebi; da 6 decentralizacia da mravalferovnebis kulturuli aspeqtebis dacva. The European national cultural policy review programme encourages Europeans kulturuli politika to pooling experience, in order to: 6 identify problems and learn from the success or failure of national and erovnuli kulturuli politikis gadasinjvis programa mouwodebs evropelebs, regional measures ; gauziaron erTmaneTs gamocdileba da miznad isaxavs: 6 give the Council of Europe a broad overview member states’ cultural prob- 6 problemaTa gamovlenas da erovnul an regionul doneze ganxorcielebuli warmate- lems and to propose solutions; buli an warumatebeli qmedebidan praqtikuli gakveTilebis miRebas; 6 wevri qveynebis kulturis sferoSi arsebuli problemebis Sesaxeb evropis 6 gather information and compare objectives and practices within Europe sabWosaTvis vrceli mimoxilvis miwodebas da maTi mogvarebis SesaZlo gzebis and outside it. SeTavazebas; Cultural policy has already been reviewed in Albania, Armenia, Austria, Bulgaria, 6 evropis qveynebSi da saerTaSoriso doneze arsebuli amocanebisa da praqtikis Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, the Netherlands, Sesaxeb informaciis mogrovebas da Sedarebas. Portugal, Romania, the Russian Federation, Slovenia and Sweden. Evaluation is erovnuli kulturuli politikis gadasinjva ukve ganaxorcieles albaneTma, somxeTma, under way in Andorra, Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Georgia, Malta, and “the avstriam, bulgareTma, xorvatiam, estoneTma, fineTma, safrangeTma, italiam, latviam, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia”. litvam, moldovam, niderlandebma, portugaliam, rumineTma, ruseTis federaciam, slo- veniam da SvedeTma. mimdinareobs muSaoba andoraSi, azerbaijanSi, bosniasa da herce- The “Compendium” of European cultural policies is the fi rst electronic cultural policy govinaSi, saqarTveloSi, maltaSi da `iugoslaviis yofil respublika makedoniaSi~. information system in Europe. It offers a range of functions to access national cultural policy profi les and to allow international comparisons: http://www.cultur- evropis kulturuli politikis `krebulia~ evropaSi pirveli eleqtronuli sain- alpolicies.net. Information on current policy trends is one of the Compendium’s formacio sistema kulturuli politikis sferoSi, romelic momxmarebels sTavazobs rig funqciebs sxvadasxva qveynis erovnuli kulturuli politikis mosaZieblad most important features. da aZlevs saerTaSoriso Sedarebebis gakeTebis SesaZleblobas. sistemis misamarTia: http://www.culturalpolicies.net. `krebulis~ erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani mxarea informacia kulturul poli-

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tikaSi mimdinare tendenciebis Sesaxeb. South-east Europe and Caucasus samxreT-aRmosavleT evropa da kavkasia The technical assistance and co-operation programmes help member states to teqnikuri daxmarebisa da TanamSromlobis programebi exmareba wevr saxelmwifoebs develop cultural policies. MOSAIC – Managing an Open and Strategic Approach kulturuli politikis SemuSavebaSi. programa “MOSAIC“ - `kulturaSi Ria da in Culture – fosters exchanges and co-operation among South-eastern European strategiuli midgomis gatareba~ _ xels uwyobs gacvliT programebs da TanamSrom- nations. The Stage project – Support for Transition in the Arts and Culture in Greater lobas samxreT-aRmosavleT evropis qveynebs Soris. proeqti “Stage“ - `did evropaSi Europe – is a framework for exchange and co-operation involving Armenia, Az- xelovnebisa da kulturis sferoebSi cvlilebebis ganxorcielebaSi daxmarebis erbaijan and Georgia, assisting them with the transition of their cultural policies. gaweva~ _ warmoadgens formats gacvliTi programebisa da TanamSromlobisaTvis, romelSic monawileoben somxeTi, azerbaijani da saqarTvelo. proeqti daxmarebas Promotion of European cinema uwevs am qveynebs kulturuli politikis sferoSi cvlilebebis ganxorcielebaSi. The Culture Committee drafted the European Convention on Cinematographic evropuli kinoxelovnebis mxardaWera Co-production to guarantee the future of the European cinema through high quality umaRlesi xarisxis erToblivi warmoebis meSveobiT evropuli kinoxelovnebis warmate- co-productions and its Convention on the protection of the audiovisual heritage buli momavlis uzrunvelsayofad, kulturis komitetma Seqmna erToblivi kinemato- was opened for signature 8th November 2001. grafiuli warmoebis Sesaxeb evropuli konvencia, xolo 2001 wlis 8 noembers daiwyo audiovizualuri memkvidreobis dacvis Sesaxeb evropuli konvenciis xelmowera. Eurimages `evroimiji~ Eurimages is the Council’s partial agreement established in 1989 for the co-pro- duction, distribution and exhibition of European cinematographic works. It has 32 `evroimiji~ warmoadgens evropul kinematografiul namuSevarTa erToblivi warmoe- member states and annual funding of some 20 million euros. So far Eurimages bis, gavrcelebisa da Cvenebis mizniT evropis sabWos mier 1989 wels gaformebul has supported the co-production of over 900 full-length feature fi lms and documen- wilobriv SeTanxmebas. amJamad `evroimijSi~ 32 qveyanaa gaerTianebuli, xolo misi wliuri dafinanseba 20 milion evros Seadgens. dReisaTvis `evroimijma~ daxmareba taries. The rules and conditions for assistance were changed recently to refl ect aRmouCina 900-ze meti srulmetraJiani mxatvruli da dokumenturi filmis erTo- developments in fi lmmaking and to respond better to the needs of those working bliv warmoebas. kinematografiaSi mimdinare cvlilebebis saTanadod asaxvisa da am in the industry. industriaSi momuSave profesionalebis saWiroebaTa ukeT gagebis mizniT, cota xnis The Board of Management set up two schemes: one for fi lms with real circulation win Seicvala daxmarebis gawevis wesebi da pirobebi. potential and one for fi lms refl ecting the cultural diversity of European cinema. mmarTvelTa sabWom daaarsa ori programa: erTi evropis masStabiT, kinogaqiravebaSi Support for distribution and cinemas is available to member states which do not gasvlis realuri potencialis mqone filmebisaTvis, xolo meore - evropuli kinos have access to the European Union’s Media programme. kulturuli mravalferovnebis amsaxveli filmebisaTvis. produqciis gavrcelebisa da kinodarbazTa mxardaWeris mizniT daxmareba exeba mxolod im wevr qveynebs, rom- New information technologies lebic ar moeqcnen evrokavSiris mier warmoebuli masmediis saSualebaTa damxmare programis farglebSi. The New Information Technologies project (1999-2001) was designed to develop axali sainformacio teqnologiebi a European policy to protect human rights and cultural diversity, to promote free- dom of expression and information and to maximise the educational and cultural proeqtis `axali sainformacio teqnologiebi~ (1999-2001) daniSnuleba iyo iseTi potential of these new communication tools. evropuli politikis SemuSaveba, romelic miznad daisaxavda adamianis uflebebisa da kulturuli mravalferovnebis dacvas, informaciisa da azris gamoxatvis Ta- The project gave rise to a Declaration on a European Policy for New Information visuflebis xelSewyobas da axal teqnologiaTa saganmanaTleblo da kulturuli Technologies, the fi rst international text stressing the importance of a policy for potencialis maqsimalurad gazrdas. applying the new technologies to cultural and educational activities. proeqti safuZvlad daedo `axali sainformacio teqnologiebis sferoSi evropuli Electronic publishing, books and archives politikis Sesaxeb deklaracias~ _ pirvel saerTaSoriso dokuments, romelSic xazgasmulia kulturul da saganmanaTleblo saqmianobaSi axali teqnologiebis Books and electronic publishing make a major contribution to freedom of expres- gamoyenebis politikis mniSvneloba. sion, democracy and human rights and have a vital role in promoting cultural and eleqtronuli gamocemebi, wignebi da arqivebi linguistic diversity and pluralistic expression.

wignebsa da eleqtronul gamocemebs mniSvnelovani wvlili SeaqvT sityvis Tavisu- The Electronic Publishing, Books and Archives Project (1992-2000) was designed flebis, demokratiisa da adamianis uflebebis ganmtkicebis saqmeSi. informaciis es to strengthen pluralist democracy, promoting access to information in central and saSualebebi arsebiT rols TamaSobs kulturuli da enobrivi mravalferovnebisa east Europe and adapting the book sector to the new electronic environment. Its da azrTa pluralizmis mxardamWer saqmianobaSi. publications include guidelines on book development, electronic publishing and library proeqtis `eleqtronuli gamocemebi, wignebi da arqivebi~ (1992-2000 ww.) mizani legislation, national book sector reviews and demonstrations of print-on-demand, a iyo pluralisturi demokratiis gaZliereba, informaciis daubrkolebeli mopovebis technique ideally suited for distributing literature in less common languages. mxardaWera centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi da axal eleqtronul At present the Archives section is working on the European Policy on Access to garemosTan wignis seqtoris adaptireba. proeqtis farglebSi gamoqveynda saxelmZ- Rvanelo miTiTebebi wignis ganviTarebis, eleqtronuli gamocemebis, sabiblioTeko Archives (Recommendation No. R (2000) 13), including programmes such as kanonmdeblobis saqmianobis sferoSi da aseve erovnuli wignwarmoebis seqtoris “Reconstitution of the memory of Poland”, “Komintern Archives” and a contribution mimoxilva da wignebis moTxovnilebis safuZvelze beWdvis demonstrireba, teqnika, to the Intercultural Dialogue and Confl ict Prevention Project.

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romelic idealurad Seesabameba naklebad gavrcelebul enebze dabeWdili literatu- European art exhibitions ris gavrcelebas. The Council of Europe’s art exhibitions are designed to promote knowledge and amJamad arqivebis danayofi muSaobs arqivebis xelmisawvdomobis evropul politikaze (Recommendation No. R (2000) 13), maT Soris, iseT programebze, rogoric aris appreciation of European art. More than twenty-six exhibitions have been staged `poloneTis arqivebis aRdgena,~ `kominternis arqivebi~, garda amisa, monawileobs so far, covering the major artistic periods from prehistory to the present day, the proeqtSi `kulturebs Soris dialogi da konfliqtebis Tavidan acileba~. cultural role of certain prominent historical fi gures and more recently the question of the interaction between art and society in Europe. evropuli xelovnebis gamofenebi The 27th exhibition comprises two parts: “Otto the Great, Magdeburg and Europe” evropis sabWos mier organizebuli es gamofenebi miznad isaxavs evropuli xelovnebis (Magdeburg, 2001) and “The Centre of Europe around 1000 AD” (successively in Sesaxeb sazogadoebis codnis gazrdas da mis mimarT pativiscemis gaRvivebas. dRemde Budapest, Berlin, Mannheim, Prague, Bratislava. The 28th exhibition was dedicated Catarda 26-ze meti gamofena, romelTac moicves mxatvrobaSi arsebuli ZiriTadi periodebi preistoriuli droidan dRemde, gamoCenili istoriuli pirebis roli to Leonardo Da Vinci. In 2006 the expositions will be held in Budapest, Milan, kulturaSi da sakiTxi evropaSi xelovnebisa da sazogadoebis urTierTobis Sesaxeb. London, Munich and Oxford.). rigiT 27-e gamofena Sedgeboda ori nawilisagan: `oto didi, magdeburgi da evropa~ (madgeburgi, 2001 weli) da `evropis centri Cveni aTaswleulis pirvel periodSi~ CULTURAL HERITAGE (Tanmimdevrulad gaimarTa 2000-2002/3 wlebSi budapeStSi, berlinSi, manhaimSi, pra- RaSi, bratislavaSi. Semdegi 28-e gamofena mieZRvna leonardo da vinCis. 2006 wlis Linking communities through Europe’s shared heritage zafxulidan gamofenebi paralelurad gaimarTeba budapeStSi, milanSi, londonSi, miunxensa da oqsfordSi). History, migration and globalisation are responsible for the fact that so many different communities live side by side in Europe today. The aim today must be kulturuli memkvidreoba to help them all to gain a better knowledge of others and their heritage, develop an awareness of common values on this basis, and so come to understand one sxvadasxva sazogadoebis dakavSireba evropis saerTo another better, and feel themselves part of a shared European identity. In 2003-4, memkvidreobis meSveobiT the Council of Europe has prepared a new legal instrument to:

istoriis, migraciisa da globalizaciis Sedegad dRevandel evropaSi gverdigverd 6 express a broader, transverse conception of Europe’s heritage, both separate cxovrobs mravali gansxvavebuli sazogadoeba. evropis sabWos mizania am sazoga- and shared, by affi rming everyone’s right of access to the heritage of his/her doebebisTvis daxmarebis gaweva, raTa maT SeiZinon codna sxva sazogadoebebisa da choice, provided that the rights and freedoms of others are respected; maTi memkvidreobis Sesaxeb, gaacnobieron saerTo faseulobebis arseboba da amis safuZvelze SeZlon erTmaneTis ukeT gageba da sakuTari Tavis SegrZneba erTiani 6 lay down the principle of fair treatment for the heritages which embody evropis nawilad. 2003-2004 wlebSi evropis sabWom moamzada axali samarTlebrivi Europe’s various cultural traditions; instrumenti, romlis mizania: 6 commit contracting countries to bringing in heritage policies and education 6 evropuli memkvidreobis (rogorc calkeuli qveynebis, ise erTiani memkvidreo- schemes which are calculated to foster intercultural dialogue and under- bis) ufro farTo cnebis asaxva, dadastureba TiToeuli adamianis uflebisa, standing; sakuTari arCevanisamebr (sxva adamianebis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis pati- 6 establish a pan-European co-operation network for the joint working-out viscemis pirobiT) miuwvdebodes xeli memkvidreobaze; of criteria for sustainable development within the “network economy” and 6 evropis sxvadasxva kulturuli tradiciis amsaxveli memkvidreobebis mimarT “information society”; Tanaswori damokidebulebis principis damkvidreba; 6 redefi ne the spheres of action and the responsibilities of government and 6 xelmomweri qveynebisTvis kulturuli memkvidreobis sferoSi iseTi politikisa the market in a context where knowledge and skills are a development da saganmanaTleblo programebis ganxorcielebis valdebulebis dakisreba, rac resource and a target for investment by fi rms. xels Seuwyobs kulturaTaSoris dialogs da urTierTgagebas; 6 saerToevropuli TanamSromlobis qselis daarseba. am qselis daniSnulebaa Formulating and disseminating heritage standards `qseluri ekonomikisa~ da `sainformacio sazogadoebis~ pirobebSi mdgradi Following the lead provided by the Grenada (architectural heritage) and Valetta ganviTarebis kriteriumebis erToblivad dadgena; (archaeological heritage) Conventions, the Steering Committee for Cultural Herit- 6 mTavrobisa da bazris moqmedebis arealebisa da pasuxismgeblobebis Tavidan gansaz- age is working on joint standards, methods and good practices for such matters Rvra iseT pirobebSi, sadac codna da unar-Cvevebi ganviTarebisTvis gankuTvnili as interpretation and explanation of cultural heritage, digitalisation of heritage resursi da kompaniebis mier investirebisTvis gamiznuli obieqtia. assets, preservation and reconstruction of historic buildings, renovated housing kulturul memkvidreobasTan dakavSirebuli standar- in historic centres, and sustainable development and funding of heritage protec- tebis formulireba da gavrceleba tion and enhancement. Serious thought is being given to involving civil society, business and voluntary workers in caring for the heritage, since extension of that grenadis (arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis Sesaxeb) da la valetis (arqeologi- concept to an ever-widening range of objects and values is making it impossible uri memkvidreobis Sesaxeb) konvenciebis Sesabamisad kulturuli memkvidreobis saxelmZRvanelo komiteti amzadebs saerTo standartebs, meTodebs da amkvidrebs for the authorities to cope unaided. warmatebul praqtikas iseTi sakiTxebisTvis, rogoricaa kulturuli memkvidreobis interpretacia da axsna-ganmarteba, memkvidreobis digitalizacia (cifrul for-

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matSi gadayvana), istoriuli nagebobebis dacva da aRdgena, istoriul centrebSi Technical co-operation and fi eld work ganaxlebuli sacxovreblebis aSeneba, mdgradi ganviTareba da memkvidreobis dacvisa da gamdidrebis dafinanseba. ganzraxulia saerTo memkvidreobaze zrunvis procesSi The “Reference Framework for the Technical Co-operation Programme: Sustain- samoqalaqo sazogadoebis, biznesis sferoSi moRvawe sazogadoebisa da moxaliseebis able Development Strategy 2003-2005” lays down guiding principles for co-opera- CarTva, vinaidan memkvidreobis cnebis swrafi gafarToeba SeuZlebels xdis xelisuf- tion and practical action on cultural and natural heritage. These principles take lebisaTvis daxmarebis gareSe moqmedebas. account of the experience gained in the last twenty-fi ve years and relate it to the teqnikuri da profesionaluri qmedeba Council of Europe’s current programme and new priorities. Special emphasis is laid on the contribution which heritage can make to local sustainable development, proeqtSi `sakonsultacio formati teqnikuri TanamSromlobis programisaTvis: and on helping countries to reform their institutional framework and policies; 2003-2005 wlebis mdgradi ganviTarebis strategia ~gansazRvrulia saxelmZRvanelo principebi kulturul da bunebriv memkvidreobebTan dakavSirebiT TanamSromlobisa Activities in 2001-2002 included three pilot projects – for Rostov Veliky (Russia), da praqtikuli qmedebisaTvis. es principebi iTvaliswinebs ukanaskneli ocdaxuTi Karst (Slovenia) and Tbilissi (Georgia) – which were completed with the help of wlis ganmavlobaSi SeZenil gamocdilebas da usadagebs am gamocdilebas evropis 188 expert reports by 108 specialists. The regional programme for the cultural sabWos mimdinare programas da axal prioritetebs. sagangebo yuradReba eTmoba mem- and natural heritage of South-East Europe / territorial development 2002-2004 (7 kvidreobis potenciur wvlils adgilobriv mdgrad ganviTarebaSi da qveynebisaTvis countries) and the regional programme for the cultural and natural heritage of the daxmarebis gawevas maTi instituciuri sistemisa da politikis reformirebaSi. South Caucasus / management of historic towns 2002-2004 (3 countries) were 2001-2002 wlebSi warmoebuli saqmianoba moicavda sam sacdel proeqts – rostovSi also launched. (ruseTi), karstsa (slovenia) da TbilisSi (saqarTvelo), romlebic 108 specialistis mier momzadebuli 188 angariSis daxmarebiT ganxorcielda. garda amisa, wamowyebul Sparking awareness, getting the public involved iqna regionuli programa samxreT-aRmosavleT evropis kulturuli da bunebrivi memkvi- dreobis dacvisaTvis / teritoriuli ganviTarebisaTvis 2002-2004 wlebSi (7 qveyanaSi) Every September, the European Heritage Days highlight little-known aspects da regionuli programa samxreT kavkasiis kulturuli da bunebrivi memkvidreobis of the heritage, as many historic buildings and sites are specially opened to the dacvisaTvis / istoriuli qalaqebis marTvisaTvis 2002-2004 wlebSi (3 qveyanaSi). public. In 2002, 48 countries covered by the European Cultural Convention were sazogadoebaSi codnis gavrceleba da sazogadoebis actively involved. The Council of Europe and the EU co-ordinate the scheme, which CarTva memkvidreobis dacvaSi generates a host of cultural and educational initiatives the length and breadth of Europe; evropis memkvidreobis dReebi, romelic yovelwliurad seqtemberSi aRiniSneba, aSuqebs memkvidreobis naklebad cnobil aspeqtebs. am dRes farTo sazogadoebisTvis The European Cultural Routes – of which the old pilgrim route to Santiago de Com- sagangebod iReba mravali istoriuli Senobisa da obieqtis karebi. wlebis manZilze postela was the fi rst to be developed – help to foster a sense of cultural affi nities am dReebis aRniSvnaSi aqtiurad monawileobda evropis kulturuli konvenciis and a shared past unaffected by frontiers. They not only bring the various cultural xelmomweri 48 qveyana. evropis sabWo da evrokavSiri koordinirebas uweven pro- traditions into focus, but also – thanks to the wide-ranging impact of cultural tourism gramas, romlis farglebSic xorcieldeba mravali kulturuli da saganmanaTleblo – give local development a powerful impetus. The work of the European Institute iniciativa mTeli evropis masStabiT; proeqti `evropis kulturuli marSrutebi~ of Cultural Routes (Luxembourg) will in future be backed by regional centres and (pirveli iyo santiago de kompostelasken mimavali piligrimebis Zveli marSruti) xels uwyobs kulturul msgavsebaTa da saziaro warsulis (romelzec sazRvrebi local initiatives in all the countries of Europe. ar axdenda zegavlenas) grZnobis warmoqmnas. es programebi yuradRebas amaxvi- lebs sxvadasxva kulturul tradiciaze da, garda amisa, kulturuli turizmis Teaching heritage mravaferovani zegavlenis wyalobiT, Zlier stimuls aZlevs adgilobriv ganviTarebas. For the last fi fteen years or so, the Council of Europe has been promoting herit- kulturuli marSrutebis evropuli institutis (luqsemburgi) muSaobas momaval wlebSi daxmarebas gauweven regionuli centrebi da adgilobrivi iniciativebi ev- age education. This is based on a dynamic, interdisciplinary approach, and uses ropis yvela qveyanaSi. special activities to put young people in touch with various aspects of the cultural and natural heritage. Another aim is to draw them closer together by making them memkvidreobasTan dakavSirebuli ganaTleba aware of the cultural identity they share – and the many different strands it com- ukanaskneli TxuTmetiode wlis ganmavlobaSi evropis sabWo xels uwyobda memkvi- prises. Seen in this light, heritage education holds the key to confl ict-prevention, dreobasTan dakavSirebuli ganaTlebis gavrcelebas. es ganaTleba emyareba dinamiur, tolerance, democratic citizenship training and social integration. sxvadasxva disciplinaze dafuZnebul midgomas da mis farglebSi warmoebs sxvadasxva The current pilot project, “Europe, from one Street to the Other” was launched in samuSao, romelTa mizania, aziaron axalgazrdebi kulturuli da bunebrivi memkvi- this context in 2001. Aimed at 9-12 year-olds and involving schools in some thirty dreobis sxvadasxva aspeqtebs. am sferoSi saqmianobis kidev erTi mizania, rom axal- gazrdebma gaacnobieron TavianTi kulturuli TviTmyofadoba da misi Semadgeneli European countries, it covers a host of activities – all of them based on streets bevri sxvadasxva nawili; es xels Seuwyobs maT daaxloebas. am kuTxiT aRqmul in the young participants’ home neighbourhoods. This brings lessons to life and ganaTlebas arsebiTi adgili ukavia konfliqtebis Tavidan acilebaSi, tolerantobis makes for a sense of immediate involvement, but it also helps children to open damkvidrebaSi, demokratiuli moqalaqeobis treiningsa da socialur integraciaSi. up to “others” and understand them better. Encouraging them to look and really amJamad mimdinare sacdeli proeqti `evropa, erTi quCidan meoreze~ swored am kon- notice what they see, it teaches them to register the similarities – and differences teqstSi iqna wamowyebuli 2001 wels. proeqti, romlis miznobriv jgufs 9-12 wlis – between streets throughout Europe. bavSvebi warmoadgenen da romelic evropis daaxloebiT ocdaaTi qveynis skolebSi xorcieldeba, mraval RonisZiebas moicavs. yvela RonisZieba axalgazrda monawileTa European Heritage Network (HEREIN) mSobliur quCebSi tardeba, rac cxovrebisTvis saWiro gakveTilebs iZleva da warmo- qmnis monawileobis grZnobas, Tanac exmareba bavSvebs, gaixsnan `sxva adamianebTan~ da The European Heritage Network (www.european-heritage.net) is a new work-aid ukeT gaugon maT. rodesac bavSvebi uyureben garemomcvel samyaros da amCneven, rasac for heritage authorities, professionals and researchers. Offering a data bank on

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xedaven, es aswavlis maT evropaSi quCebs Soris msgavsebebis _ da gansxvavebebis _ heritage policies in Europe, a thesaurus, a portal giving access to national web- dafiqsirebas. sites, forums, virtual exhibitions, etc., it helps to link specialists, publicise good evropuli memkvidreobis qseli (HEREIN) practices and implement the various heritage conventions. Some thirty countries were involved in 2003 - and the network’s ultimate aim is to cover all the 48 coun- evropuli memkvidreobis qseli (www.european-heritage.net) axali damxmare wyaroa mem- tries which have signed the European Cultural Convention. kvidreobis sferos specialistebisTvis, mkvlevarebisa da dawesebulebebisTvis. evropaSi memkvidreobasTan dakavSirebuli politikis Sesaxeb monacemTa bankis, enciklopediis, wevri qveynebis internetgverdebis, forumebis, virtualuri gamofenebisa da a.S. portalis SeTavazebiT, qseli xels uwyobs specialistebis dakavSirebas erTmaneTTan, warmatebuli praqtikis gaziarebas da memkvidreobasTan dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva konvenciis gan- xorcielebas. 2003 wels qselSi CarTuli iyo daaxloebiT 30 qveyana. qselis mizania evropis kulturuli konvenciis xelmomweri ormocdarva qveynis monawileoba. SELECT DOCUMENTATION

COUNCIL OF EUROPE PUBLISHING Convention for the Protection of the Architectural gamoyenebuli masala European Convention for the protection of the Audio- Heritage of Europe (ETS 121) visual Heritage - Strasbourg, 8.XI. 2001 (ETS No. 183) (1985), ISBN : 92-871-0799-8 evropis sabWos gamocemebi Convention for the Protection of the Architectural (2002), ISBN 92-871-4819-8 European Cultural Convention (ETS 18) European Convention for the protection of the Audio- Heritage of Europe (ETS 121) European Cultural Heritage - Volume II, A review of (1982), ISBN : 92-871-0074-8 visual Heritage - Strasbourg, 8.XI. 2001 (ETS No. 183) (1985), ISBN : 92-871-0799-8 policies and practice «Policy notes» series (4 titles) (2002), ISBN 92-871-4819-8 European Cultural Convention (ETS 18) (2002), ISBN 92-871-4867-8 European Cultural Heritage - Volume II, A review of (1982), ISBN : 92-871-0074-8 European cultural heritage - Volume I, Intergovern- policies and practice «Policy notes» series (4 titles) mental co-operation: collected texts OTHER PUBLICATIONS: (2002), ISBN 92-871-4867-8 (2002), ISBN 92-871-4864-3 Brochure « Europe: from One Street to the Other” European cultural heritage - Volume I, Intergovern- sxva gamocemebi: The heritage of European universities (2002) mental co-operation: collected texts Brochure « Europe: from One Street to the Other” (2002), ISBN 92-871-4960-7 Exists in English, French, German, Italian, Spanish and (2002), ISBN 92-871-4864-3 (2002) Living wooden culture throughout Europe Russian. The heritage of European universities Exists in English, French, German, Italian, Spanish and (2002), ISBN 92-871-4882-1 Leafl et « The European Heritage Days » (2002), ISBN 92-871-4960-7 Russian. Urban rehabilitation policy in Tbilisi (Georgia) (2002) – bilingual French-English Living wooden culture throughout Europe Leafl et « The European Heritage Days » (2002), ISBN 92-871-4944-5 CD-Rom - Moments of traditional music in Europe. (2002), ISBN 92-871-4882-1 (2002) – bilingual French-English The Council of Europe Declaration on Cultural Di- Urban rehabilitation policy in Tbilisi (Georgia) CD-Rom - Moments of traditional music in Europe. versity (2002), ISBN 92-871-4944-5 (2001), ISBN 92-871-4663-2 OTHER DOCUMENTATION: The Council of Europe Declaration on Cultural Di- Differing diversities: Cultural policy and cultural Declaration on a European Policy for New Information sxva dokumentebi: versity diversity Technologies adopted by the Committee of Ministers (2001), ISBN 92-871-4663-2 Declaration on a European Policy for New Information (2001), ISBN: 92-871-4649-7 on 7 May 1999. Differing diversities: Cultural policy and cultural Technologies adopted by the Committee of Ministers Public access and freedom of expression in networked Available online at: http://cm.coe.int/ta/decl/1999/99dec4. diversity on 7 May 1999. information: guidelines for a European cultural htm (2001), ISBN: 92-871-4649-7 Available online at: http://cm.coe.int/ta/decl/1999/99dec4. policy Recommendation No. R (2000) 13 on a European Public access and freedom of expression in networked htm (2001), ISBN 92-871-4651-9 Policy on Access to Archives adopted by the Com- information: guidelines for a European cultural Recommendation No. R (2000) 13 on a European Cultural policy - A short guide mittee of Ministers on 13 July 2000. policy Policy on Access to Archives adopted by the Com- (2000), ISBN 92-871-4301-3 Available online at: http://cm.coe.int/ta/rec/2000/2000r13. (2001), ISBN 92-871-4651-9 mittee of Ministers on 13 July 2000. Cultural Policies in Europe: local issues htm Cultural policy - A short guide Available online at: http://cm.coe.int/ta/rec/2000/2000r13. (2000), ISBN 92-871-4326-9 Cultural policies in Europe : a compendium of basic (2000), ISBN 92-871-4301-3 htm Cultural policies in Europe: regions and cultural facts and trends (2001). Cultural Policies in Europe: local issues Cultural policies in Europe : a compendium of basic decentralisation Available online at: http://www.culturalpolicies.net (2000), ISBN 92-871-4326-9 facts and trends (2001). (2000), ISBN 92-871-4229-7 Cultural policies in Europe: regions and cultural Available online at: http://www.culturalpolicies.net Guidance on the development of legislation and ad- WEBSITES decentralisation ministration systems in the fi eld of cultural heritage Directorate General - Education, Culture and Heritage, (2000), ISBN 92-871-4229-7 internetgverdebi (2000), ISBN 92-871-4292-0 Guidance on the development of legislation and ad- Youth and Sport ggeneralurieneraluri direqtoratidireqtorati – ganaTleba,ganaTleba , kulturakultura dada “Eurimages Guide”: fund for the co-production, dis- ministration systems in the fi eld of cultural heritage http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation mmemkvidreoba,emkvidreoba , aaxalgazrdobaxalgazrdoba dada sportisporti tribution and exhibition of European cinematographic (2000), ISBN 92-871-4292-0 Cultural Policy and Action http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation works (2000) “Eurimages Guide”: fund for the co-production, dis- http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/Culture kkulturuliulturuli ppolitikaolitika dada saqmianobasaqmianoba Cultural policies in Europe: method and practice of evalu- tribution and exhibition of European cinematographic New information technologies (N.I.T.) http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/Culture ation works (2000) http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/Culture/ aaxalixali sainformaciosainformacio teqnologiebiteqnologiebi (1999), ISBN 92-871-3759-5 Cultural policies in Europe: method and practice of evalu- Compleded_projects/NIT http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/Culture/ Networking culture - The role of European cultural ation Eurimages Compleded_projects/NIT networks (1999), ISBN 92-871-3759-5 http://www.coe.int/T/F/Coopération_culturelle/Eurimages ``evroimiji~evroimiji~ (1999), ISBN 92-871-3924-5 Networking culture - The role of European cultural Cultural and natural heritage http://www.coe.int/T/E/Coopération_culturelle/Eurim- In from the margins. A contribution to the debate on networks http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/Heritage/ ages Culture and Development in Europe (1999), ISBN 92-871-3924-5 European Heritage Network kkulturuliulturuli ddaa bunebrivibunebrivi mmemkvidreobaemkvidreoba (1997), ISBN 92-871-3336-0 In from the margins. A contribution to the debate on http://www.european-heritage.net http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/Heritage/ European Convention on Cinematographic Co-pro- Culture and Development in Europe eevropulivropuli memkvidreobismemkvidreobis qseliqseli duction and explanatory report (No. 147) (1997), ISBN 92-871-3336-0 http://www.european-heritage.net (1993), ISBN 92-871-3000-0 European Convention on Cinematographic Co-pro- INFORMATION SERVICE European Convention on the Protection of the Ar- For further information please contact the information man- duction and explanatory report (No. 147) chaeological Heritage (ETS 66) sainformacio samsaxuri ager of the Cultural Policies and Action Department of the (1993), ISBN 92-871-3000-0 (1979), ISBN : 92-871-0113-2 European Convention on the Protection of the Ar- ddamatebiTiamatebiTi informaciisTvisinformaciisTvis mimarTeTmimarTeT evropisevropis sabWossabWos Council of Europe, Council of Europe, 67075 Strasbourg chaeological Heritage (ETS 66) kkulturuliulturuli ppolitikisaolitikisa ddaa ssaqmianobisaqmianobis ddepartamentisepartamentis Cedex, France, E-mail: [email protected]. (1979), ISBN : 92-871-0113-2 ssainformacioainformacio mmenejers:enejers : evropisevropis sabWo,sabWo ,67075 Strasbourg Cedex, France, eeleqtronulileqtronuli fosta:fosta : [email protected].

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115 garemos dacva, Environment, Landscape landSaftis dacva da mdgradi ganviTareba Protection and Sustainable Development eevropisvropis sabWossabWos wwevrievri qqveynebisveynebis winaSewinaSe xSiradxSirad wamoiWrebawamoiWreba xolmexolme problemebiproblemebi garemosagaremosa ddaa llandSaftisandSaftis dacvis,dacvis , mmdgradidgradi gganviTarebis,anviTarebis , rregionuliegionuli TTuu ssivrciTiivrciTi ddagegmvisagegmvis The Council of Europe’s member states face various challenges regarding ssferoebSi,feroebSi , rracac umetesumetes SemTxvevaSiSemTxvevaSi saerTaSorisosaerTaSoriso midgomasmidgomas saWiroebs.saWiroebs. the environment, landscape protection and sustainable development and re- eevropisvropis sabWomsabWom SSeimuSavaeimuSava rrigiigi SSesabamisiesabamisi iinstrumentebinstrumentebi dada saxelmZRvanelosaxelmZRvanelo miTiTe-miTiTe- gional or spatial planning, which often require an international approach. bbebi,ebi , rromelTaomelTa daniSnulebaa:daniSnulebaa: The Council of Europe has drawn up a number of instruments and guide- 6 eevropaSivropaSi bbunebriviunebrivi ggaremosaremos ddacvaacva ddaa mmarTva;arTva; lines to: 6 aadamianisdamianis ssaarseboaarsebo ddaa ssamuSaoamuSao ggaremosaremos SSenarCunebaenarCuneba ddaa ggaumjobeseba;aumjobeseba; 6 protect and manage the natural environment in Europe; 6 ssivrciTiivrciTi ddagegmvisaagegmvisa ddaa gganviTarebisanviTarebis kkoncefciaTaoncefciaTa SSemuSaveba;emuSaveba; 6 conserve and enhance the human environment and habitat; 6 ddabalansebuliabalansebuli mmdgradidgradi gganviTarebisanviTarebis mmimarTimarT kkompleqsuriompleqsuri mmidgomisidgomis ddamkvi-amkvi- ddreba.reba. 6 develop spatial planning and development concepts; biologiuri da landSaftis mravalferovnebis saer- 6 promote a comprehensive approach to balanced sustainable develop- Toevropuli strategia ment. 1995 wels Temaze `garemo evropisaTvis~ Catarebuli ministrTa konferenciis Pan-European Biological and Landscape Diversity Strategy mier damtkicebuli strategiis daniSnulebaa iniciativebis, resursebis, finansuri saxsrebis, samecniero-kvleviTi programebisa da arsebuli informaciis mobilizeba The Strategy approved in 1995 by the Ministerial Conference on “An environment evropaSi biologiuri da landSaftis mravalferovnebis SenarCunebisa da gaumjobe- for Europe” is designed to encourage the pooling of initiatives, machinery, funds, sebis mizniT. strategiam unda uzrunvelyos: scientifi c research programmes and existing information in order to preserve and 6 evropis biologiuri da landSaftis mravalferovnebis winaSe mdgomi safrTxis improve biological and landscape diversity in Europe. It aims to ensure that: mniSvnelovnad Semcireba; 6 threats to Europe’s biological and landscape diversity are reduced sub- 6 evropis biologiuri da landSaftis mravalferovnebis sicocxlisunarianobis stantially; gaZliereba; 6 the resilience of Europe’s biological and landscape diversity is increased; 6 evropaSi ekologiuri TanamSromlobis gazrda; 6 Europe’s ecological coherence is strengthened; 6 sazogadoebis farTo masebis mimarTva biologiuri da landSaftis mraval- ferovnebis dasacavad. 6 the public is fully committed to preserving biological and landscape diver- strategia warmoadgens evropis biologiuri da landSaftis mravalferovnebis sity. dacvis Tvisebrivad axlebur da profilaqtikur midgomas. misi mizania ekologiis The Strategy is an innovative and proactive approach to reversing the deteriora- sakiTxTa integrireba socialur da ekonomikur seqtorebSi. tion of Europe’s biological and landscape diversity. It aims to integrate ecological strategia aZlierebs ukve arsebul zomebs da gansazRvravs damatebiT samoqmedo considerations into social and economic sectors. mimarTulebebs momavali ori aTwleulisTvis. garda amisa, strategia ayalibebs biologiuri mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb gaero-s konvenciis gansaxorcieleblad The Strategy reinforces existing measures and identifi es additional measures to erovnul da regionul doneebze saWiro qmedebisaTvis Tanmimdevrul midgomebs da be taken over the next two decades. It also provides a consistent approach and gansazRvravs saerTo miznebs. common objectives for national and regional action to implement the United Na- strategia am sferoSi moRvawe ZiriTad evropul organizaciaTa mier nakisri valde- tions Convention on Biological Diversity. bulebebis safuZvelze xorcieldeba. misi samdivno gaero-s garemos dacvis programis The Strategy is being implemented through the commitment of the major European (UNEP) da evropis sabWos mier aris Camoyalibebuli. institutions. Its secretariat is provided jointly by the United Nations Environment evropuli fauna da flora: Programme (UNEP) and the Council of Europe. gareuli samyaros SenarCuneba European fauna and fl ora: preserving wildlife gareuli samyarosa da bunebrivi saarsebo garemos dacvis Sesaxeb evropuli konvencia (1982 w.), romelic ufro bernis konvenciis saxeliT aris cnobili, iTvaliswinebs The Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats iSviaTi da gadaSenebis piras myofi cxovelebisa da mcenareebis mravali jiSisa da (1982), better known as the Bern Convention, aims to protect rare and endangered bunebrivi saarsebo garemos dacvas. dokumentSi aRnusxulia daculi saxeobebi da animal and plant species and natural habitats. It lists protected species, contains gaTvaliswinebulia bunebrivi saarsebo garemos damcavi debulebebi. konvencia are- provisions for protecting natural habitats, regulates the methods used to exploit gulirebs zogierTi biologiuri saxeobis sawarmoo gamoyenebis meTodebs da wevri certain species and asks states to regulate trading in animals, particularly rare qveynebisgan moiTxovs cxovelebiT, gansakuTrebiT ki iSviaTi jiSis cxovelebiT species. vaWrobis regulirebas. bernis konvenciis xelmowera SeuZliaT arawevr saxelm-

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wifoebsac rogorc evropidan, ise afrikidan. misi ratificireba moaxdines 40-ma The Bern Convention is also open to European and African non-member states. wevrma qveyanam, evrokavSirma, monakom da samma afrikulma saxelmwifom (burkina It has been ratifi ed by 40 member states, the European Community, Monaco and fasom, senegalma da tunisma). three African states (Burkina Faso, Senegal and Tunisia). biogenetikur nakrZalTa evropuli qseli European network of biogenetic reserves aRricxulia mravali sxvadasxva bunebrivi saarsebo garemo. amJamad 340 daculi A variety of natural habitats have been listed in an inventory. There is now a Eu- `biogenetikuri~ nakrZalis Semcveli evropuli qseli faravs 3 milion heqtarze met farTobs. ropean network comprising some 340 protected “biogenetic” reserves covering more than 3 million hectares. landSafti _ evropis kulturuli mravalferovnebis gamoxatuleba Landscape, a refl ection of Europe’s cultural diversity

florenciaSi 2000 wels miRebul evropul konvenciaSi landSaftis Sesaxeb The European Landscape Convention, adopted in Florence in 2000, underlines the aRniSnulia yoveli landSaftis (maT Soris, `Cveulebrivi landSaftebis~, romle- value of all landscapes which includes “everyday” ones which form the setting in bic adamianebis yoveldRiur sacxovrebel garemos qmnian) faseuloba. konvenciaSi which people live their daily lives. The Convention sets out measures for protect- gansazRvrulia mTels evropaSi landSaftis dacvisken, marTvisa da dagegmarebisken ing, managing and planning landscapes throughout Europe in order to achieve mimarTuli RonisZiebebi, romelTa mizania socialur saWiroebebs, ekonomikur saqmi- sustainable development based on a balanced and harmonious relationship be- anobasa da garemos Soris dabalansebul da harmoniul urTierTkavSirze dayrdnobiT mdgradi ganviTarebis miRweva. garda amisa, konvenciaSi gaTvaliswinebulia `evropis tween social needs, economic activity and the environment. The Convention also sabWos landSaftebis premiis~ miniWeba adgilobrivi da regionuli xelisuflebis provides for the award of a “Council of Europe Landscape Prize” in recognition of Tu arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier danergili politikis an RonisZiebebisTvis, the policy or measures put into effect by local and regional authorities or NGOs romlebic maT qveynebSi landSaftis dacvas da marTvas exeba. for the protection and management of their landscapes. diplomi bunebis dacvisaTvis An award for nature conservation

dacul teritoriaTa evropuli diplomi gadaecema im teritoriebs, romelTa The European Diploma of Protected Areas is awarded to areas whose natural bunebrivi memkvidreoba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania da romlebic Sesabamisad aris heritage is particularly important and which are adequately protected. daculi. diplomiT dajildoebuli teritoriebi evropis bunebis simdidresa da mraval- The sites awarded the diploma bear witness to the wealth and diversity of nature ferovnebas ganasaxiereben. dReisaTvis daaxloebiT 60-ze meti diplomia gacemuli. in Europe. More then 60 diplomas have been awarded to date. saqmianobisTvis saWiro informacia da ganaTleba Information and education for action

korespondentebisa da daaxloebiT 40 erovnuli saagentos qselis meSveobiT, ev- Through its network of correspondents and some forty national agencies the ropis sabWo cdilobs sazogadoebaSi bunebrivi da kulturuli garemos dacvis Council seeks to raise awareness of the importance of protecting the natural and mniSvnelobis Taobaze codnis gavrcelebas. Jurnali `naturopa~ aSuqebs sabWos cultural environment. The magazine “Naturopa” highlights the various activities mier ganxorcielebul sxvadasxva saxis saqmianobas da yuradRebas amaxvilebs iseT undertaken by the Council and focuses on themes such as the cultural heritage, Temebze, rogoric aris kulturuli memkvidreoba, landSaftis SenarCuneba da landscape preservation and sustainable development. mdgradi ganviTareba. dagegmva mdgradi ganviTarebis misaRwevad A blueprint for sustainable development

regionul dagegmvaze pasuxismgebel ministrTa evropul konferenciebze (CEMAT) The European Conference of Ministers responsible for Regional Planning (CE- ikribebian wevri saxelmwifoebi, raTa ganixilon regionuli da sivrciTi dagegmvis MAT) brings together representatives of the Council’s member states to examine sferoSi warmoqmnili problemebi. konferencia yuradRebas amaxvilebs regionuli the challenges of regional or spatial planning. The work of CEMAT focuses on an sivrciTi dagegmvis meSveobiT did evropaSi mdgrad ekonomikur, ekologiur da sustainable economic, environmental and social development in greater Europe socialur ganviTarebaze. through regional or spatial planning. wlebis ganmavlobaSi SemuSavebulia rigi dokumentebisa, romelTa safuZvelze imarTe- Over the years, a number of texts have been adopted which have guided spatial boda sivrciTi dagegmvis politika. es dokumentebia evropis regionuli/sivrciTi dagegmvis qartia, romelic mxars uWers dagegmvis mravalmxriv, funqciur, grZelvadian planning policies: the European Regional/Spatial Planning Charter which advo- politikas, da evropis regionuli dagegmvis strategia. ukanasknel xans regionul cates a comprehensive, functional, long-term planning policy and the European dagegmvaze pasuxismgebel ministrTa konferenciam miiRo `saxelmZRvanelo principebi Regional Planning Strategy. More recently, CEMAT adopted the “Guiding principles evropis kontinentis mdgradi ganviTarebisaTvis~. es dokumenti uzrunvelyofs moqnil for sustainable development of the European continent” which provide a fl exible da grZelvadian formats wevr qveynebs Soris TanamSromlobisaTvis. and foreward-looking framework for co-operation between member states. bunebrivi da teqnologiuri katastrofebi _ Natural and technological disasters – bringing the experts to- samecniero TanamSromloba gether 1987 wlis martSi gaformda evropis wilobrivi SeTanxmeba `masStaburi bunebrivi An open Partial Agreement on major natural and technological hazards, covering da teqnologiuri katastrofebis Tavidan acilebisa da maTi moxdenis SemTxvevaSi dacvisa da daxmarebis organizebis Sesaxeb~ (EUR-OPA, SeTanxmeba masStaburi prevention, protection and the organisation of relief (the EUR-OPA Major Hazards safrTxeebis Sesaxeb). SeTanxmebis xelmowera SeuZliaT rogorc evropis sabWos wevr, Agreement), was concluded in March 1987. This is open to Council of Europe

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garemos dacva, landSaftis dacva da mdgradi ganviTareba 119

ise arawevr qveynebs. magaliTad, SeTanxmebis mxareebi arian maroko, alJiri da libani. member states, and also to outside states, such as Morocco, Algeria and Lebanon. dReisaTvis SeTanxmeba xelmowerili aqvs 25 saxelmwifos. garda amisa, SeTanxmebaSi At present, twenty-fi ve states are involved. The European Commission, UNESCO, monawileobas iReben evrokomisia, `iunesko~, msoflio jandacvis organizacia da WHO and the UN Department of Humanitarian Affairs also take part, and Japan gaero-s humanitarul saqmeTa departamenti, xolo iaponia damkvirveblis statusiT has observer status. sargeblobs. SeTanxmeba miznad isaxavs wevr qveynebs Soris ufro mWidro da dinamiuri Tanam- The Agreement aims at closer, more dynamic co-operation between the member Sromlobis damyarebas, sxvadasxva disciplinis warmomadgenelTa CarTvas da yvela states, spanning various disciplines and using all the available resources and SesaZlo resursisa da teqnologiis gamoyenebas masStaburi safrTxeebis efeqtianad know-how to manage, and help others to manage, major hazards effectively. samarTavad, agreTve, am safrTxeTa marTvaSi sxvebisaTvis daxmarebis gasawevad. Risk prevention is the chief priority: showing children how necessary precautions ZiriTadi prioritetia safrTxis Tavidan acileba: bavSvebisaTvis gamafrTxilebeli are, using the media (e.g. TV, radio, Internet) to tell the public the things they zomebis aucileblobis demonstrireba, mediis (televiziis, radios, internetis) need to know, comparing and analysing national laws on risk management, etc. A gamoyenebiT sazogadoebisTvis iseTi sakiTxebis swavleba, rac man aucileblad unda network of Euro-Mediterranean centres helps to get member states interested and icodes, wevri qveynebis riskis marTvasTan dakavSirebul kanonmdeblobaTa Sedareba da analizi da a.S. evro-xmelTaSuazRvispira centrebis qseli xels uwyobs wevri turn them into active participants. These centres – of which there are now twenty saxelmwifoebis dainteresebas da aqtiur monawileebad qcevas. evropis masStabiT - contribute in a practical sense to realisation of the partners’ shared objectives by informaciis gavrcelebis, saswavlo da kvleviTi programebis meSveobiT, am centrebs running European information, training and research programmes. (amJamad ukve oci centri arsebobs) didi praqtikuli wvlili SeaqvT partniorebis saziaro amocanebis realizebaSi.

gamoyenebuli masala SELECT DOCUMENTATION

evropis sabWos gamocemebi sxva gamocemebi: COUNCIL OF EUROPE PUBLISHING OTHER PUBLICATIONS: Human rights and the environment Naturopa (magazine published in English and French, Human rights and the environment Naturopa (magazine published in English and French, (2002), ISBN 92-871-4777-9 twice a year) (2002), ISBN 92-871-4777-9 twice a year) European Landscape Convention - Firenze, 20.X.2000 “Nature and Environment” series European Landscape Convention - Firenze, 20.X.2000 “Nature and Environment” series (ETS No. 176) (more than 100 titles) (ETS No. 176) (more than 100 titles) (2000), ISBN : 92-871-4499-0 “Environment Encounters” series (2000), ISBN : 92-871-4499-0 “Environment Encounters” series Oceans (more than 40 titles) Oceans (more than 40 titles) (1999), ISBN : 92-871-3876-1 Strategy Bulletin (1999), ISBN : 92-871-3876-1 Strategy Bulletin The challenges facing European society with the ap- (published every other month in English, French, German, The challenges facing European society with the ap- (published every other month in English, French, German, proach of the year 2000 – Strategies for sustainable Italian and Russian) proach of the year 2000 – Strategies for sustainable Italian and Russian) development of European states in the Mediterranean development of European states in the Mediterranean basin internetgverdebi basin (1997), ISBN 92-871-3227-5 (1997), ISBN 92-871-3227-5 WEBSITE ggaremosaremos dacvadacva dada mdgradimdgradi ganviTarebaganviTareba Globally threatened birds in Europe – Action plans Globally threatened birds in Europe – Action plans Environnement and sustainable Development http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/Environ- (1996), ISBN 92-871-3066-3 (1996), ISBN 92-871-3066-3 http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/Environ- ment Pan-European Biological and Landscape Diversity Pan-European Biological and Landscape Diversity ment bbunebriviunebrivi ddaa bbiologiuriiologiuri mmravalferovnebaravalferovneba Strategy Strategy Nature and biological diversity http://www.coe.int/t/e/Cultural_Co-operation/Environment/ (1996), ISBN 92-871-3046-9 (1996), ISBN 92-871-3046-9 http://www.coe.int/t/e/Cultural_Co-operation/Environment/ Nature_and_biological_diversity Convention on civil liability for damage resulting Convention on civil liability for damage resulting Nature_and_biological_diversity eevropulivropuli konvenciakonvencia landSaftislandSaftis SesaxebSesaxeb from activities dangerous to the environment (ETS from activities dangerous to the environment (ETS European Landscape Convention http://www.coe.int/t/e/Cultural_Co-operation/Environ- No.150) No.150) http://www.coe.int/t/e/Cultural_Co-operation/Environ- ment/Landscape (1993), ISBN 92-871-2320-9 (1993), ISBN 92-871-2320-9 ment/Landscape rregionulegionul ddagegmvazeagegmvaze ppasuxismgebelasuxismgebel mministrTainistrTa eevropulivropuli European Regional Planning Strategy European Regional Planning Strategy European Conference of Ministers responsible for kkonferenciaonferencia ((CEMAT)CEMAT) (1992), ISBN 92-871-1995-3 (1992), ISBN 92-871-1995-3 Regional Planning (CEMAT) http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/Environ- Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/Environ- ment/CEMAT and Natural Habitats (“Bern Convention”) (ETS No. and Natural Habitats (“Bern Convention”) (ETS No. ment/CEMAT SSeTanxmebaeTanxmeba masStaburimasStaburi safrTxeebissafrTxeebis SesaxebSesaxeb “EUR- 104) 104) EUR-OPA Major Hazards Agreement OPA” (1982), ISBN 92-871-0020-9 http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/Disasters (1982), ISBN 92-871-0020-9 http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/Disasters

118 Environment, Landscape Protection and Sustainable Development 120 121

121 sporti Sport

sportSi eTikisa da tolerantobis xelSewyoba Promoting tolerance and ethics in sport sporti evropis sabWos saqmianobis kidev erTi sferoa, romelic evropis kul- Sport is another area where the Council of Europe’s activities are governed by the turuli konvenciiT imarTeba. European Cultural Convention. sportis ganviTarebis komiteti (CDDS) axorcielebs sportis evropul qartias , xolo konvenciis ori komiteti meTvalyureobs mayurebelTa mxridan Zaladobisa The Committee for the Development of Sport (CDDS) implements the European da sportSi dopingis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb konvenciebis Sesrulebas. sportis ganvi- Sports Charter while two Convention Committees oversee the Conventions on Tarebis komiteti marTavs evropuli masStabis samuSao programas da amzadebs wevr spectator violence and doping in sport. The CDDS also manages a pan-European qveynebSi sportis sakiTxebze pasuxismgebel ministrTa konferenciebs. komitetSi work programme and prepares the European Sports Ministers’ Conferences. damkvirveblis statusi aqvs israels. Israel has observer status with the CDDS. yvelasaTvis Ria, tolerantuli, samarTliani da demokratiuli sportis damkvidreba Promoting tolerant, fair and democratic sport open to everybody

sportSi samarTlianobisa da keTilsindisierebis SenarCunebis mizniT, evropis sabWo The Council of Europe acts on two fronts to maintain the integrity and the virtues awarmoebs saqmianobas ori mimarTulebiT, romelTagan pirveli ganisazRvra 1997 of sport, the fi rst of which was emphasised at the Strasbourg summit in 1997: wlis strasburgis samitze. es mimarTulebebia: 6 promoting “Sport for All” as a means of improving the quality of life, facilitat- 6 deviziT `sporti yvelasaTvis~ am sferos, rogorc cxovrebis donis gaum- ing social integration and contributing to social cohesion, particularly among jobesebis, socialuri integraciisa da socialuri erTobis ganmsazRvreli young people; saSualebis, mxardaWera, gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdebs Soris; 6 fostering tolerance through sport and defending sport against the serious 6 sportis daxmarebiT tolerantobis damkvidreba da sportis winaSe amJamad threats currently facing it. mdgomi saSiSroebisgan misi dacva. evropis sabWos moRvaweoba amgvar specifikur sferoebSi TvalnaTliv cxadyofs, The Council of Europe is involved in these specifi c fi elds because it regards sport Tu raoden did rols aniWebs organizacia sports im magaliTis gamo, romelsac as important for the example it sets, the part it plays in social integration, especially sporti aCvenebs sazogadoebas, misi rolis gamo socialur integraciaSi, gansa- of socially disadvantaged groups, its contribution to the health and well-being of kuTrebiT, daucveli fenebisaTvis, misi wvlilisaTvis mosaxleobis janmrTelobisa the population, and the ethical values it promotes. Recent work is exploring the da keTildReobis saqmeSi, agreTve, eTikur faseulobaTa damkvidrebis mxardaWeraSi. role of sport in working with refugees and internally displaced persons. ukanasknel xans tardeba sportis rolis Seswavla ltolvilebTan da iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirebTan mimarTebaSi. Democracy in sport demokratia sportSi The adoption in 1975 of the Sport for All Charter transformed the European sports 1975 wels qartiis `sporti yvelasaTvis~ miRebam Zireulad Secvala sportuli landscape and helped to democratise sport on an unprecedented scale. Today the garemo evropaSi da xeli Seuwyo sportis manamde uprecedento demokratizacias. Council of Europe needs to address the same challenge and encourage similar dRes evropis sabWo imave amocanas isaxavs da xels uwyobs msgavs procesebs Tavis developments in the new member countries, for instance by promoting voluntary axal wevr qveynebSi, magaliTad, nebayoflobiTi aqciebisa da sxva amgvari RonisZie- activities. bebis meSveobiT. Since 1992, the work of the Committee for the Development of Sport (CDDS) has 1992 wlidan sportis ganviTarebis komitetis saqmianoba imarTeba sportis evro- been guided by the European Sports Charter (an update of the 1975 Charter), puli qartiiTa (1975 wlis qartiis ganaxlebuli varianti) da sportuli eTikis complemented by the Code of Sports Ethics. It aims to make ethical, safe and kodeqsiT. samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo organizaciebs Soris movaleobaTa Sesabamisi ganawilebisa da SeZlebisdagvarad yovlismomcveli TanamSromlobis meSveobiT, healthy sport accessible to everybody through the widest possible co-operation komiteti miznad isaxavs, yvelasaTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxados eTikuri, usafrTxo and the appropriate distribution of responsibilities between governmental and da jansaRi sporti. non-governmental organisations. piradi keTildReoba da janmrTeloba Personal well-being

rogorc safuZvliani kvleva-Zieba gviCvenebs, fizikur aqtiurobasa da janmrTelo- As in-depth research work demonstrates, close links exist between physical ex- bas Soris mWidro kavSirebi arsebobs. janmrTeli cxovrebis wesisa da sportSi ercise and health. The CDDS has initiated various activities to promote healthy monawileobis mxardasaWerad sportis ganviTarebis komitetma wamoiwyo mravali lifestyles and participation in sport, such as Eurofi t, a set of physical fi tness tests sxvadasxvagvari RonisZieba, magaliTad, `evrofiti~, romelic iTvaliswinebs fizikuri mzadyofnis testirebas da SemuSavebulia specialurad skolis asakis bavSvebisaTvis. covering fl exibility, speed, endurance and strength which was devised for children misi meSveobiT dgindeba bavSvebis elastiuroba, siCqaris maCveneblebi, organizmis of school age and has been used in many European schools since 1988. A similar gamZleoba da Zala. 1998 wlidan mas mravali evropuli skola iyenebs. 1995 wels Eurofi t for adults was published in 1995. gamoqveynda analogiuri `evrofiti~ ufrosebisaTvis.

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sporti 123

dopingi: Sejibrebis siamovneba Tu qimiuri `yavarjnebi~? Doping: pleasure in competing or chemical crutches?

1989 wels miRebuli dopingis sawinaaRmdego konvenciis mizania, dopingis sawi- The Anti-Doping Convention (1989) aims to reduce and eventually eliminate doping naaRmdego dadgenilebaTa harmonizaciisaTvis aucilebeli wesebis damkvidrebis gziT, in sport at all levels by establishing binding rules to harmonise anti-doping regula- sportSi dopingis gamoyenebis Semcireba da sabolood aRmofxvra. dReisaTvis konven- tions. It has to date been ratifi ed by 43 member states of the Council of Europe, ciis ratificireba moaxdina evropis sabWos 43-ma wevrma qveyanam, aseve avstraliam, kanadam da (yofilma) iugoslaviam. as well as Australia, Canada and (former) Yugoslavia. konvenciaSi gansazRvrulia zomebi, romelTa mizania: The Convention includes measures to: 6 doping-preparatebiT ukanono vaWrobis aRkveTa; 6 restrict traffi cking in doping substances; 6 doping-testirebis gamkacreba da kontrolis procedurebis gaumjobeseba; 6 step up dope testing and improve doping control procedures; 6 saganmanaTleblo da sainformacio programebis mxardaWera; 6 support education and information programmes; 6 damrRvevebze dakisrebuli sanqciebis efeqtianobis uzrunvelyofa. 6 make sure that the penalties imposed on offenders are effective. skolebisa da sportuli organizaciebis gankargulebaSia evrokavSirTan erTad ga- moSvebuli sainformacio da saganmanaTleblo paketi saxelwodebiT `sufTa sportis The “Clean Sports Guide”, an educational and information pack (produced in co- saxelmZRvanelo~. operation with the European Union), is available for schools and sports organisa- evropis sabWo warmodgenilia dopingis sawinaaRmdego msoflio saagentos sabWoSic tions. (WADA) da Tvalyurs adevnebs saagentos muSaobas. The Council of Europe is also represented on the Foundation Board of the new fexburTi: TamaSisgan miRebuli siamovneba World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and is following its work closely. Tu Zaladoba tribunebze? Football: pleasure in the game or violence in the stands? evropuli konvencia sportuli Sejibrebebis, gansakuTrebiT ki safexburTo matCebis dros stadionebze mayurebelTa mxridan Zaladobisa da uwesrigobis Sesaxeb 1985 The European Convention on Spectator Violence and Misbehaviour at Sports wels iqna miRebuli. Events and in particular at Football Matches was drawn up in 1985. konvenciis mudmivmoqmedi komiteti meTvalyureobs konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli, The Convention’s Standing Committee monitors compliance with the anti-violence Zaladobis sawinaaRmdego zomebis Sesrulebas da amzadebs praqtikul rekomendaciebs measures it contains and issues practical recommendations (for example, a list of (rogoric aris, magaliTad, nebismieri didi sportuli RonisZiebis Catarebamde 70 items to be checked before any major sports event). gasakontrolebeli sakiTxebis 70 punqtiani nusxis Sedgena). In particular, the Convention recommends: saxeldobr, konvenciaSi mocemulia Semdegi rekomendaciebi: 6 policing grounds and access routes; 6 tribunebamde da stadionamde mimaval gzebze wesrigis damcvelTa ganlageba; 6 dapirispirebul gulSematkivarTa daSoriSoreba erTmaneTisagan; 6 separating rival supporters; 6 bileTebis gayidvis gakontroleba; 6 controlling ticket sales; 6 uwesrigobis moTaveTa gaZeveba; 6 excluding troublemakers; 6 alkoholiani sasmelebis gayidvaze SezRudvaTa daweseba; 6 curbing alcohol sales; 6 usafrTxoebis mizniT Cxrekis Catareba; 6 security checks; 6 SejibrebaTa organizatorebsa da xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs Soris movaleobaTa zusti gamijvna; 6 clearly apportioning responsibility between organisers and authorities; 6 mayurebelTa usafrTxoebis mizniT droebiTi SemoRobvebisa da stendebis 6 constructing grounds and temporary stands to guarantee spectator safety. ageba. The convention has an article on education, the aim being to instill tolerance and konvenciaSi arsebobs muxli ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebiT, romlis mizania sportis fair play in a new generation of sports lovers. Specifi c efforts are also made to moyvarul momaval TaobaSi tolerantuli da samarTliani TamaSis principebis da- prevent racist behaviour and discrimination at sports events. To date, 40 member nergva. gaTvaliswinebulia, agreTve, sagangebo zomebi sportul SejibrebaTa msvle- lobisas rasistuli an diskriminaciuli saxis gamovlinebaTa aRsakveTad. sadReisod countries and (former) Yugoslavia have ratifi ed the Convention. konvenciis ratificireba moaxdines 40-ma wevrma qveyanam da (yofili)iugoslaviam. Sport, tolerance and fair play sporti, tolerantoba da samarTliani TamaSi In May 1996 the CDDS, together with the Dutch authorities, held a highly success- 1996 wlis maisSi sportis ganviTarebis komitetma da holandiis xelisuflebam ful Round Table on Sport, Tolerance and Fair Play. Since then two other Round gamarTes Zalze warmatebuli `mrgvali magida~ Temaze `sporti, tolerantoba da samar- Tables have been held in Lisbon and Nicosia. National Ambassadors for Sport, Tliani TamaSi~. Semdgom periodSi Catarda kidev ori `mrgvali magida~ lisabonsa da Tolerance and Fair Play were appointed in more than half the member states in niqoziaSi. 1997 wels evropis sabWos naxevarze met wevr qveyanaSi dainiSnen elCebi 1997. Their role is to encourage fair play, tolerance and respect for others in sport sportis, tolerantobisa da samarTliani TamaSis sferoSi. am elCebis daniSnulebaa in their home countries and to set up programmes to teach and encourage toler- maT mSobliur qveynebSi sportSi samarTliani TamaSis, tolerantobisa da sxvaTa pa- tiviscemis xelSewyoba da sportSi an misi meSveobiT tolerantobis da sxva eTikuri ance and other ethical values in and through sport.

122 Sport 124 125

sporti 125

normebis swavlebisa da damkvidrebis mizniT Sesabamisi programebis SemuSaveba. Social cohesion and sport socialuri integracia da sporti The role that sport can play in furthering social cohesion is another area where sportis potenciuri roli socialuri integraciis winsvlis saqmeSi am dargSi the Council of Europe – supported by the Committee of Ministers’ adoption of a evropis sabWos saqmianobis meore ZiriTad mimarTulebas warmoadgens. ministrTa recommendation on the subject – contributes to the democratisation process, komitetis mier sportis sferoSi miRebul rekomendaciebze dayrdnobiT, organizacias particularly among young people. sakuTari wvlili Seaqvs demokratizaciis procesebSi, gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdebs Considerable emphasis has been laid on providing sports programmes for mi- Soris. nority groups such as migrants, refugees, the unemployed, prisoners and young evropis sabWo gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevs sportis sferoSi specialuri delinquents and people with disabilities. The programmes are either carried out in programebis SemuSavebas umciresobaTa jgufebisaTvis, magaliTad, migrantebisaTvis, conjunction with central, regional or local government or entrusted to the voluntary ltolvilebis, umuSevrebis, patimrebis, mcirewlovani damnaSaveebisa da invalidebi- saTvis. monawile qveynebSi programebi xorcieldeba centraluri, regionuli an sports sector in the countries concerned. Social cohesion through sport has a adgilobrivi xelisuflebis, aseve sportis sferoSi moRvawe nebayoflobiTi seqto- special and very important role to play in the reconstruction and the reconciliation ris mier. sportis daxmarebiT socialurma integraciam gansakuTrebuli da metad process in south-east Europe. mniSvnelovani roli unda iTamaSos samxreT-aRmosavleT evropaSi rekonstruqciisa da Serigebis procesSi. The new challenges axali problemebi Following the rapid increase in its membership, the CDDS set up a mutual assist- ance programme known as SPRINT (Sports Reform Innovation and Training) in wevr qveyanaTa raodenobis swraf zrdasTan erTad, sportis ganviTarebis komitetma 1991 to help new member states reform their sports structures. The programme axali wevri qveynebisTvis sportis sferoSi reformaTa gatarebaSi daxmarebis covers the following: gawevis mizniT, 1991 wels daaarsa urTierTdaxmarebis programa saxelwodebiT `sportis reformireba, siaxleebi da treiningi~ (SPRINT). programa moicavs Semdeg 6 legislation on sport; aspeqtebs: 6 the funding of sport; 6 kanonmdebloba sportis sferoSi; 6 sports management training; 6 sportis dafinanseba; 6 treiningi sportis marTvis sferoSi; 6 the promotion of voluntary activities. 6 nebayoflobiTi saqmianobis waxaliseba. In order to ensure that the principles set out in the European Sports Charter are sportis evropuli qartiis debulebaTa evropis masStabiT Sesrulebis uzrun- applied throughout Europe, the CDDS conducts various ad hoc activities (train- velsayofad sportis ganviTarebis komiteti awarmoebs sxvadasxvanair specialur ing and promotion seminars) to encourage the practical application of particular RonisZiebebs (saswavlo da wamaxalisebel seminarebs), rac iTvaliswinebs qartiis articles of the Charter in areas such as: konkretuli muxlebis praqtikuli gamoyenebis xelSewyobas. es muxlebi exeba: 6 protecting sport from harmful infl uences (combating intolerance, encourag- 6 mavne gavlenisgan sportis dacvas (brZola SeuwynareblobasTan, sportuli ing sportsmanship and fair play); suliskveTebisa da samarTliani TamaSis waxalisebas); 6 preventing discrimination in sport (publicising information on the applica- 6 sportSi diskriminaciis Tavidan acilebas (qalebisa da invalidebis mier tion of the principles of the European Sports Charter to women and people sportis evropuli qartiis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb sainformacio publikaciebis with disabilities); gavrceleba); 6 sportsa da janmrTelobas Soris arsebuli kavSirebis gaSuqebas; 6 publicising the links between sport and health; 6 1995 wlis lisabonis manifestis safuZvelze axalgazrdebis ganaTlebaSi 6 defending the place of sport in the education of young people on the basis sportisaTvis adgilis miCenas; of the 1995 Lisbon Manifesto; 6 axali tipis sportuli saSualebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlas; 6 exchanging information on new types of sports facilities; 6 sportis ekonomikuri zegavlenis Seswavlas. 6 investigating the economic impact of sport.

gamoyenebuli masala SELECT DOCUMENTATION

evropis sabWos gamocemebi Anti-Doping Convention (ETS No. 135) COUNCIL OF EUROPE PUBLISHING Anti-Doping Convention (ETS No. 135) Dying to win – Doping in sport and the development (1989), ISBN 92-871-1782-9 Dying to win – Doping in sport and the development (1989), ISBN 92-871-1782-9 of anti-doping policy European Convention on Spectator Violence and of anti-doping policy European Convention on Spectator Violence and (1999), ISBN 92-871-3589-4 Misbehaviour at Sports Events and in particular at (1999), ISBN 92-871-3589-4 Misbehaviour at Sports Events and in particular at Study of national sports legislation in Europe Football Matches (ETS No. 120) Study of national sports legislation in Europe Football Matches (ETS No. 120) (1999), ISBN 92-871-3833-8 (1987), ISBN 92-871-0796-3 (1999), ISBN 92-871-3833-8 (1987), ISBN 92-871-0796-3 Eurofi t for adults – Assessment of health-related European Charter on Sport for All: disabled persons Eurofi t for adults – Assessment of health-related European Charter on Sport for All: disabled persons fi tness (1987), ISBN 92-871-0991-5 fi tness (1987), ISBN 92-871-0991-5 (1995), ISBN 92-871-2765-4 (1995), ISBN 92-871-2765-4

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sporti 127

sxva dokumentebi internetgverdi OTHER DOCUMENTATION WEBSITES European Sports Charter ssportiporti European Sports Charter Sport (Recommendation No. R (92) 13) http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/Sport/ (Recommendation No. R (92) 13) http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/Sport/ Code of Sports Ethics Code of Sports Ethics (Recommendation No. R (92) 14) (Recommendation No. R (92) 14) Eurofit Tests of physical fitness for children and Eurofit Tests of physical fitness for children and young people young people 1993 (2nd revised edition) 1993 (2nd revised edition)

126 Sport 128 129

129 axalgazrdoba Youth

evropa axalgazrdebis samsaxurSi Opening up Europe to young people axalgazrdobis sferoSi evropis sabWos saqmianobis ZiriTadi miznebia: The Council of Europe’s main goals for young people are: 6 axalgazrdebisTvis xelis Sewyoba evropaSi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ga- 6 to encourage young people to take an active part in strengthening civil Zlierebis saqmeSi aqtiuri rolis misaRebad da axalgazrdebis araoficia- society in Europe and to help them to meet its challenges and their own luri ganaTlebisa da maTi monawileobis meSveobiT maTTvis daxmarebis gaweva aspirations through non-formal education and participation; aRniSnuli miznis miRwevisas wamoWrili problemebis daZlevasa da maTi miswrafebebis xorcSesxmaSi; 6 to promote and develop youth policies in Europe, with special emphasis on 6 axalgazrdebTan dakavSirebuli evropuli politikis SemuSaveba da misi democratic citizenship and better educational and employment opportunities. gatarebis waxaliseba, yuradRebis gamaxvilebiT demokratiul moqalaqeobaze Young people, youth associations and networks, civil movements, government da ganaTlebisa da dasaqmebis gaumjobesebul SesaZleblobebze. agencies and experts participate in ongoing consultation on policy objectives and axalgazrdobis seqtorSi samoqmedo mimarTulebebis gansazRvrisa da praqtikis practice in the youth fi eld. The Council of Europe also encourages the develop- danergvis mizniT mimdinare konsultaciebSi aqtiur monawileobas Rebuloben ment of youth associations, networks and initiatives, and stimulates international axalgazrduli da sxva sazogadoebrivi gaerTianebebi, saxelmwifo saagentoebi co-operation between youth organisations. da eqspertebi. evropis sabWo xels uwyobs, agreTve, axalgazrduli asociaciebis, qselebisa da iniciativebis Seqmnas da axalgazrdul organizaciebs Soris saerTa- The Council’s youth sector has set itself the following priorities for 2003 – 2005: Soriso TanamSromlobas. 6 Promoting intercultural dialogue and peace; evropis sabWos axalgazrdulma seqtorma 2003-2005 wlebisaTvis Semdegi prio- ritetebi dasaxa: 6 Education in human rights and social cohesion; 6 kulturaTaSorisi dialogisa da mSvidobis damkvidrebis xelSewyoba; 6 Participation and democratic citizenship; 6 ganaTleba adamianis uflebebisa da socialuri integraciis sferoSi; 6 Establishing and developing appropriate youth policies. 6 sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi monawileoba da demokratiuli moqalaqeoba; 6 axalgazrdebTan dakavSirebuli saTanado politikis SemuSaveba da srul- TRAINING FOR EUROPEAN YOUTH WORK yofa. The European Youth Centres (EYCs) swavleba evropaSi axalgazrdobis sferoSi The European Youth Centres in Strasbourg and Budapest are international resi- saqmianobis xelSesawyobad dential training and meeting centres. Their advisory team provides educational and technical assistance in preparing, running and following up youth activities. evropis axalgazrduli centrebi (EYCs) - Every year they organise several courses for young people who are active in youth strasburgsa da budapeStSi arsebuli axalgazrduli centrebi saerTaSoriso organisations and initiatives. These courses cover youth activities, international masStabiT axalgazrdebis swavlebisa da SexvedrebisTvis gankuTvnili, sacxovrebeli co-operation, intercultural education and non-formal education and training, with pirobebiT aRWurvili adgilebia. am centrebis konsultantebis jgufi uzrunvelyofs saganmanaTleblo da teqnikur daxmarebas axalgazrdebis saqmianobis momzadebaSi, special emphasis on human rights, minority issues, intercultural dialogue, demo- warmarTvasa da SejamebaSi. cratic citizenship and peace. The development of civil society in confl ict areas is a particular concern. axalgazrdul organizaciebsa da iniciativebSi Cabmuli axalgazrdebisaTvis evropis axalgazrdul centrebSi yovel wels ewyoba saswavlo kursebi, romelTa Temebia: axal- Youth organisation members meet experts at some 35 one-week international gazrdebis saqmianoba, saerTaSoriso TanamSromloba, kulturaTaSorisi ganaTleba study sessions to discuss a wide variety of subjects. da araoficialuri ganaTleba, momzadeba. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba iseT sakiTxebs, rogoricaa adamianis uflebebi, umciresobebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi, Expert meetings, seminars and symposia allow youth workers to exchange kulturaTaSorisi dialogi, demokratiuli moqalaqeoba da mSvidoba. sagangebo Temaa views on selected issues and to broaden their perspectives on youth policy. The konfliqtebis zonebSi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganviTareba. Council’s policy-makers make a careful study of participants’ ideas and recom- sakiTxTa farTo speqtris mimoxilvis mizniT yovelwliurad imarTeba daaxloebiT mendations. 35 erTkviriani saswavlo seminari, romlebzec axalgazrdul organizaciaTa wevrebi xvdebian eqspertebs. Financial support for international youth projects eqspertebTan Sexvedrebi, seminarebi da simpoziumebi axalgazrdobis sakiTxebze The Council of Europe provides some 2.5 million euros annually to the European momuSave pirebs aZlevs saSualebas, erTmaneTs gauziaron Sexedulebebi ama Tu im Youth Foundation (EYF) to support youth activities across the continent. Over sakiTxze da gaafarToon axalgazrduli politikis sakuTari xedva. evropis sabWos 300 000 young people from member states have benefi ted from EYF activities gadawyvetilebaTa mimRebi pirebi saguldagulod aanalizeben monawileTa ideebsa since 1972. da rekomendaciebs.

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axalgazrdoba 131

saerTaSoriso axalgazrduli Getting young Europeans on the rails proeqtebis finansuri daxmareba The Council of Europe and the International Union of Railways (UIC) have joined evropis masStabiT axalgazrduli saqmianobis mxardasaWerad, evropis sabWo axal- forces to set up the Solidarity Fund for Youth Mobility which supports mobility EYF gazrdobis evropul fonds ( ) yovelwliurad daaxloebiT 2,5 milion evros projects for disadvantaged young people. Since its creation in 1995 the fund has uricxavs. 1972 wlidan am fondis daxmarebiT isargebla 300 000-mde axalgazrdam evropis sabWos wevri qveynebidan. supported some 270 projects and allowed over 5 000 young people to travel across Europe for international meetings and projects. rkinigza axalgazrdebis samsaxurSi Youth Cards: carte blanche for youth mobility evropis sabWom da rkinigzaTa saerTaSoriso kavSirma (UIC) SezRuduli materi- aluri SesaZleblobebis mqone axalgazrdebisTvis erToblivad daaarses SeRavaTiani The partial agreement between the Council of Europe and the European Youth gadaadgilebis fondi. dRidan daarsebisa (1995 wels) fondma daafinansa daaxloebiT Card Association (EYCA) provides a system of Youth Cards for people under 26 270 proeqti da 5000-mde axalgazrdas misca saSualeba, saerTaSoriso proeqtebsa years of age, giving them access to the goods and services they need to travel da SexvedrebSi monawileobis misaRebad mTels evropaSi emogzaura. for personal and cultural development - and for fun, of course! axalgazrduli baraTebi: axalgazrdebis Tavisufali mimosvla Europe-wide research A European research network promotes contact between scientists, governments evropis sabWosa da evropis axalgazrduli baraTebis asociacias (EYCA) Soris gaformebuli wilobrivi SeTanxmebis safuZvelze Seiqmna axalgazrduli sabaraTo and non-governmental youth organisations and supports comparative multinational sistema 26 wlamde axalgazrdebisaTvis. es sistema saSualebas aZlevs axalgazrdebs, research projects. isargeblon im saqonliTa da momsaxurebiT, romlebic esaWiroebaT piradi da kul- turuli ganviTarebis – da, rasakvirvelia, garTobis! – mizniT mogzaurobisaTvis. Development and consolidation of democratic stability evropuli masStabis kvleva The Council of Europe’s Assistance programme includes training courses, study visits and consultations in central and east European countries. The object: evropuli kvlevis qseli xels uwyobs kontaqtebs mecnierebs, arasamTavrobo axalga- zrdul organizaciebsa da mTavrobebs Soris, xels uwyobs, agreTve, mravalerovnuli 6 to set up youth associations and structures in central and eastern Europe SedarebiTi kvleviTi proeqtebis ganxorcielebas. in order to strengthen civil society; demokratiuli stabilurobis ganviTareba da 6 to help these countries to develop youth policies locally, regionally and ganmtkiceba nationally;

evropis sabWos daxmarebis programa moicavs saswavlo kursebs, vizitebsa da kon- 6 to encourage intercultural dialogue; sultaciebs centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi. programis amocanebia: 6 to promote exchanges between young people from all over Europe. 6 samoqalaqo sazogadoebis gaZlierebis mizniT centralur da aRmosavleT evropaSi axalgazrdul asociaciaTa daarseba da struqturaTa Semdgomi Democratic Leadership Programme ganviTareba; The objective of the Democratic Leadership Programme (DLP) is to strengthen the 6 am qveynebisaTvis daxmarebis aRmoCena adgilobriv, regionul da erovnul political skill and competence of future politicians, journalists and NGO leaders in doneebze axalgazrduli politikis SemuSavebaSi; central and eastern Europe as the best way to ensure democratic security. 6 kulturaTaSorisi dialogis xelSewyoba; The programme aims to establish trust between young leaders from different 6 mTels evropaSi axalgazrdebis gacvliTi programebis mxardaWera. societies and ethnic communities and to build a network of DLP Alumni to initiate programa `demokratiuli lideroba~ activities within the core programme.

programis `demokratiuli lideroba~ mizania centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis European youth worker training qveynebSi momavali politikosebis, Jurnalistebisa da arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa liderebis politikuri unar-Cvevebisa da kompetenciis gaumjobeseba, rac warmoad- The Partnership Programme on European Youth Worker Training, a joint venture gens saukeTeso gzas demokratiis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad. between the Council of Europe and the European Commission, has been operating since 1998. The programme fi nances training courses and materials for European programa miznad isaxavs gansxvavebuli sazogadoebebisa da eTnikuri jgufebis axalgazrda liderebs Soris erTmaneTis mimarT ndobis Camoyalibebas da ZiriTadi youth workers. Its activities include an annual training forum, a website, a magazine programis safuZvelze saqmianobis wamowyebis mizniT programis `demokratiuli (Coyote) and a series of educational and training publications (T-Kits). Its projects lideroba~ qselis daarsebas. emphasize developing the curricula and improving the quality of training. axalgazrdobis sferoSi momuSave kadrebis momzadeba Youth policies: encouraging participation and citizenship

1998 wlidan moqmedebs evropis sabWosa da evrokomisiis `partniorobis programa~ The European Steering Committee for Youth (CDEJ) brings together representa- axalgazrdobis sferoSi momuSave kadrebis mosamzadeblad. programa afinansebs sas- tives of ministries or bodies responsible for youth matters from the 48 States Parties wavlo kursebsa da masalebs axalgazrdobis sferoSi momuSave evropelebisTvis. misi to the European Cultural Convention. saqmianoba gulisxmobs yovelwliur saswavlo forums, internetgverds, Jurnals (“Coyote”) da saganmanaTleblo gamocemaTa serias (T-Kits). programis farglebSi The CDEJ works specifi cally on issues related to youth participation and citizen-

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mimdinare proeqtebis yuradReba gamaxvilebulia saswavlo programis SemuSavebasa ship, non-formal education and youth voluntary service. da swavlebis xarisxis gaumjobesebaze. It has drafted the Committee of Ministers recommendations on: axalgazrduli politika: sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi axalgazrdaTa monawileobisa da maTi moqalaqeobis 6 information and counselling for young people in Europe; mxardaWera 6 communication and co-operation in youth research in Europe; (CDEJ) axalgazrdobis saqmeTa evropuli komiteti aerTianebs axalgazrdobis 6 promoting voluntary service; sakiTxebze pasuxismgebeli saministroebisa Tu sxva organoebis warmomadgenlebs evropis kulturuli konvenciis xelmomweri 48 qveynidan. 6 youth mobility; komitetis saqmianoba metwilad exeba sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi axalgazrdebis 6 youth participation and the future of civil society. monawileobas da maT moqalaqeobas, araoficialur ganaTlebasa da axalgazrdebis nebayoflobiT samsaxurebs. The “Young Active Citizens” Prize axalgazrdobis saqmeTa evropulma komitetma ministrTa komitets moumzada reko- A special prize for innovational projects aimed at involving young people in local mendaciebi Semdeg sakiTxebze: and regional life was introduced in 2002. 6 evropeli axalgazrdebis informireba da maTTvis konsultaciebis gaweva; It is proposed to renew the award in 2005 on the theme the “Participation of young 6 evropaSi axalgazrduli kvlevis sferoSi informaciis gaziareba da Tanam- women in political life”. Sromloba; 6 nebayoflobiTi samsaxuris mxardaWera; 6 axalgazrdebis gadaadgileba; 6 axalgazrdebis monawileoba sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi da samoqalaqo sazoga- doebis momavali. prizi `axalgazrda aqtiuri moqalaqeebi~

2002 wels SemoRebul iqna specialuri prizi adgilobriv da regionul cxovre- baSi axalgazrdebis CarTvisken mimarTuli axleburi proeqtebisaTvis. ganzraxulia, rom 2005 wels prizi mieniWeba saukeTeso proeqtebs Temaze `axalgazrda qalebis monawileoba politikur cxovrebaSi.~

gamoyenebuli masala SELECTED PUBLICATIONS AND DOCUMENTATION

evropis sabWos gamocemebi Vulnerable youth: perspectives on vulnerability in COUNCIL OF EUROPE PUBLISHING Vulnerable youth: perspectives on vulnerability in Supporting young people in Europe: principles, policy education, employment and leisure in Europe - Euro- Supporting young people in Europe: principles, policy education, employment and leisure in Europe - Euro- and practice pean Youth Trends and practice pean Youth Trends (2002), ISBN 92-871-4954-2 (2000), ISBN 92-871-4248-3 (2002), ISBN 92-871-4954-2 (2000), ISBN 92-871-4248-3 The Council of Europe and youth: thirty years experi- Youth cultures, lifestyles and citizenship The Council of Europe and youth: thirty years experi- Youth cultures, lifestyles and citizenship ence (2000), ISBN 92-871-3985-7 ence (2000), ISBN 92-871-3985-7 (2002), 92-871-4976-3 International reviews of national youth policy in Esto- (2002), 92-871-4976-3 International reviews of national youth policy in Esto- Exploring the European youth mosaic: the social situ- nia, Finland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Romania, Exploring the European youth mosaic: the social situ- nia, Finland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Romania, ation of young people in Europe Spain, Sweden ation of young people in Europe Spain, Sweden (2002), 92-871-4952-6 (2002), 92-871-4952-6 COMPASS – A Manual on Human Rights Education sxva gamocemebi COMPASS – A Manual on Human Rights Education with Young People with Young People OTHER PUBLICATIONS Brochure and leafl et « Young people building Europe (2002), ISBN 92-871-4880-5 (2002), ISBN 92-871-4880-5 Brochure and leafl et « Young people building Europe – Participation, peace and human dignity» Violence against young women in Europe: seminar Violence against young women in Europe: seminar – Participation, peace and human dignity» Forum on Human Rights Education (2001) report report Forum on Human Rights Education (2001) documentation and report (available also online at: http:// (2001), ISBN: 92-871-4834-1 (2001), ISBN: 92-871-4834-1 documentation and report (available also online at: http:// www.coe.int/hre) Transitions of youth citizenship in Europe – culture, Transitions of youth citizenship in Europe – culture, www.coe.int/hre) « T-Kits » subculture and identity subculture and identity « T-Kits » educational and training publications (online: www.train- (2001), ISBN 92-871-4430-3 (2001), ISBN 92-871-4430-3 educational and training publications (online: www.train- ing-youth.net) Youth research in Europe - the next generation: per- Youth research in Europe - the next generation: per- ing-youth.net) (T-Kits are produced and published within the Partnership spectives on transitions, identities and citizenship spectives on transitions, identities and citizenship (T-Kits are produced and published within the Partnership Agreement with the European Union on European youth (2001), ISBN: 92-871-4534-2 (2001), ISBN: 92-871-4534-2 Agreement with the European Union on European youth worker training.) Keys to participation in eastern Europe Keys to participation in eastern Europe worker training.) (2000), ISBN 92-871-4482-6 (2000), ISBN 92-871-4482-6

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axalgazrdoba 135

Coyote damatebiTi informaciisTvis Coyote FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, PLEASE CONTACT: magazine on European youth worker training, issued in daukavSirdiT: magazine on European youth worker training, issued in Directorate of Youth and Sport co-operation with the European Union aaxalgazrdobisaxalgazrdobisa dada sportissportis sakiTxebissakiTxebis direqtorats,direqtorats, co-operation with the European Union European Youth Centre Strasbourg Education pack eevropisvropis axalgazrdulaxalgazrdul centrscentrs strasburgSistrasburgSi Education pack 30 rue Pierre-de-Coubertin ideas, resources, methods and activities for informal inter- 30 rue Pierre-de-Coubertin ideas, resources, methods and activities for informal inter- F-67000 Strasbourg cultural education with young people and adults (1995) F-67000 Strasbourg cultural education with young people and adults (1995) Tel.: +33 3 88 41 23 00 (available online at: http://www.ecri.coe.int) Tel.: +33 3 88 41 23 00 (available online at: http://www.ecri.coe.int) Fax: +33 3 88 41 27 77/78 Domino Fax: +33 3 88 41 27 77/78 Domino E-mail: [email protected] handbook on peer education as a means of combating E-mail: [email protected] handbook on peer education as a means of combating European Youth Centre Budapest racism, xenophobia, anti-Semitism and intolerance eevropisvropis axalgazrdulaxalgazrdul centrscentrs budapeStSibudapeStSi racism, xenophobia, anti-Semitism and intolerance Zivatar utca 1-3 (1995) Zivatar utca 1-3 (1995) H-1024 Budapest (available online at: http://www.ecri.coe.int) H-1024 Budapest (available online at: http://www.ecri.coe.int) Tel.: (36 1) 212 40 78 Tel.: (36 1) 212 40 78 Fax: (36 1) 212 40 76 internetgverdebi Fax: (36 1) 212 40 76 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] WEBSITES European Youth Foundation aaxalgazrdobisaxalgazrdobisa dada sportissportis sakiTxebissakiTxebis direqtoratidireqtorati aaxalgazrdobisxalgazrdobis evropulevropul fondsfonds Directorate of Youth and Sport Tel.: + 33 3 88 41 32 05 http://www.coe.int/youth Tel.: + 33 3 88 41 32 05 http://www.coe.int/youth Fax: + 33 3 90 21 49 64 eevropisvropis axalgazrduliaxalgazrduli centri,centri , bbudapeStiudapeSti Fax: + 33 3 90 21 49 64 European Youth Centre, Budapest E-mail: [email protected] http://www.eycb.coe.int E-mail: [email protected] http://www.eycb.coe.int ppartniorobaartnioroba axalgazrdobisaxalgazrdobis sferoSisferoSi momuSavemomuSave evro-evro- Partnership on European youth worker training ppelTaelTa mosamzadebladmosamzadeblad http://www.training-youth.net http://www.training-youth.net

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137 evropis droSa, himni da The European flag, premiebi anthem and prizes evropis droSa The European fl ag yvelasaTvis nacnobia evropis droSa: cisfer fonze gamosaxuli 12 oqrosferi var- skvlavi. saparlamento asambleis mier warmodgenili es droSa 1955 wels daamt- Everyone knows the European fl ag: a circle of 12 gold stars on a blue background. kica evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetma. varskvlavTa wre ganasaxierebs evropeli The Parliamentary Assembly proposed it and the Committee of Ministers of the xalxebis erTobas, xolo raodenoba _ 12 _ ucvlelia da srulyofilebis simbo- Council of Europe adopted it in 1955. The circle of stars represents the union of los warmoadgens. 1986 wlis maisidan evropis droSa evrokavSiris oficialuri the peoples of Europe. The number of stars is invariable, twelve being the symbol simboloc gaxda. of perfection and completeness. sxva organoebis an damoukidebeli pirebis mier evropuli simbolos gamoyenebis Sesaxeb informaciis miReba SeiZleba evropis sabWos samarTlebriv saqmeTa I gene- Since May 1986, the European fl ag has also been the offi cial emblem of the Eu- ralur direqtoratSi (strasburgi) an evrokomisiaSi (briuseli). ropean Union. evropis himni Information concerning the use of the European emblem by outside bodies or individuals can be obtained from the Council of Europe’s Directorate General of 1972 wels evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetma daamtkica evropis himni, romelic Legal Affairs in Strasbourg, or the European Commission in Brussels. warmoadgens ludvig van beThovenis mecxre simfoniis `sixarulis odis~ preludias herbert fon karaianis aranJirebiT. himni yvela evropul ceremonialze sruldeba. The European anthem

evropis dRe In 1972 the Committee of Ministers adopted Herbert von Karajan’s musical ar- rangement of the prelude to the “Ode to Joy” from Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony 1964 wels ministrTa komitetma miiRo gadawyvetileba, rom evropis sabWos daarsebis dRe, 5 maisi, aRiniSnebodes `evropis dRed~. RonisZiebis mizania evropis as the European anthem. It is played at European ceremonies. gaerTianebis saqmeSi sazogadoebis masobrivi CarTva. Europe Day adamianis uflebaTa evropuli premia In 1964 the Committee of Ministers decided that 5 May, the anniversary of the adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis debulebebiT gaTvaliswinebul saqmianobaSi founding of the Council of Europe, should be celebrated as Europe Day. Its purpose Setanili gansakuTrebuli wvlilis aRsaniSnavad, 1980 wels ministrTa komitetma is to involve the public more closely in European unifi cation. daawesa evropis sabWos adamianis uflebaTa premia. saparlamento asambleis mier gadmocemuli siis safuZvelze, ministrTa komiteti The European Human Rights Prize sam weliwadSi erTxel strasburgSi ajildoebs calkeul pirebs, jgufebs, dawese- In 1980, the Committee of Ministers instituted the Council of Europe Human Rights bulebebs an arasamTavrobo organizaciebs. premia warmoadgens oqros medalsa da Prize in recognition of outstanding contribution to the cause of human rights as gamarjvebulis mier adamianis uflebaTa dacvis saqmeSi Setanili wvlilis aRmniS- vnel sapatio sigels. enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights. qalaqebis evropuli premia The Committee of Ministers awards the prize in Strasbourg every three years to a person, group of persons, institution or non-governmental organisation from a saerToevropuli masStabiT gaweuli saqmianobis aRsaniSnavad, evropis sabWos sapar- list submitted by the Parliamentary Assembly. The prize consists of a gold medal lamento asambleis garemos, regionaluri dagegmvisa da adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis and a certifi cate commending the winner’s contribution to the protection of human organoTa komiteti qalaqebsa da municipalitetebs aniWebs Rirsebis sxvadasxvagvar rights. jildoebs. gamorCeulT mieniWebaT Semdegi saxis jildoebi: evropuli diplomi, Rirsebis alami, sapatio disko samaxsovro warweriT an evropuli premia. European awards for towns evropuli premia The Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly’s Committee on the Environment, evropuli premiiT dajildoeba 1955 wlidan yovelwliurad xdeba. es aris evropuli Regional Planning and Local Authorities awards various honours to towns and TanamSromlobis saqmeSi Setanili wvlilisTvis municipalitetebisTvis dawese- municipalities in recognition of their European activities. They may qualify for one buli umaRlesi jildo. saparlamento asambleis garemos, regionuli dagegmvisa da of the following distinctions: the European Diploma, the Flag of Honour, the Plaque adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis organoTa komitetis mier gamovlenili gamarjvebuli of Honour or the Europe Prize. Rebulobs gardamaval jildos, brinjaos medalsa da samaxsovro diploms. garda amisa, gamarjvebul municipalitets gadaecema 7 600 evros odenobis premia, ro- The Europe Prize melic gankuTvnilia, ZiriTadad, mis axalgazrda moqalaqeTa evropis romelime sxva qveyanaSi saswavleblad misavlineblad. The Europe Prize, awarded annually since 1955, is the highest distinction which evropuli diplomi daculi teritoriebisTvis can be awarded to a municipality for its contribution to European co-operation. The winning authority is chosen by the Parliamentary Assembly’s Committee on biologiuri da landSaftis mravalferovnebis sferoSi evropis sabWos komitetis the Environment, Regional Planning and Local Authorities and receives a trophy wardginebiT ministrTa komiteti gascems 1965 wels daarsebul diploms. diplomi (retained for one year), a bronze medal and a diploma. The winning municipality

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eniWeba bunebriv tye-parkebs, nakrZalebs an saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis terito- also receives some 7.600 euros to be spent, in principle, on a study visit in Europe riebs, romlebic akmayofileben bunebrivi memkvidreobis dacvis rig kriteriumebs da by some of its young citizens. samecniero, kulturuli da/an dasvenebis TvalsazrisiT Rirebulebas warmoadgens. gamarjvebul teritoriebs evropis sabWo xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi afinansebs. es The European Diploma of Protected Areas vada specialistebis mier Catarebuli mkacri Semowmebis Semdeg SesaZloa momdevno The Committee of Ministers awards this diploma, established in 1965, on the xuTi wliT gagrZeldes. advice of the Committee for the Activities of the Council of Europe in the fi eld of evropis premia muzeumebisTvis Biological and Landscape Diversity. It is awarded to natural parks, reserves or sites of international importance which meet certain criteria for safeguarding the 1977 wels daarsebuli es premia gadaecema muzeums, romelsac gansakuTrebuli natural heritage, and takes their scientifi c, cultural, and/or recreational value into wvlili aqvs Setanili evropis kulturuli memkvidreobis SenarCunebis saqmeSi. premia warmoadgens espaneli moqandakis, xuan miros mier Sesrulebul brinjaos qan- account. dakebas da daaxloebiT 5 000 evros odenobis Tanxas. wliuri premiebis komitetSi The Council sponsors the area for a fi ve-year period, which may be extended for Semavali damoukidebeli evropuli muzeumebis mier miwodebul kandidatTa siidan further fi ve-year periods after strict on-the-spot appraisal by specialists. gamarjvebuli muzeumi airCeva saparlamento asambleis kulturisa da ganaTlebis komitetis mier. The Council of Europe Museum Prize evropis prizi satelevizio programebisTvis Established in 1977, this annual prize honours a museum judged to have made evropis prizi yovelwliurad gadaecema saukeTeso satelevizio programebs Semdeg an original contribution to the preservation of the European heritage. It consists of nominaciebSi: `mxatvruli filmi~, `dokumenturi filmi~, `mimdinare movlenebi~ da a bronze statuette donated by the Spanish artist Joan Miró and a sum of roughly “IRIS~ (kulturaTaSorisi programebi). konkursi ewyoba evropis sabWosa da sxva 5.000 euros. The winning museum is selected by the Parliamentary Assembly’s evropuli organizaciebis mier. RonisZiebis mizania erovnul, regionul da adgilob- Committee on Culture and Education from among the museums shortlisted by the riv kulturaTa Semoqmedebisa da mravalferovnebis xelSewyoba da maRali donis independent European Museum of the Year Award Committee. mauwyeblobis uzrunvelyofa. damatebiTi informaciisaTvis mimarTeT: The Prix Europa for television programmes

eevropulivropuli kulturiskulturis fondsfonds The Prix Europa is awarded annually for the best television programmes in the Jan Van Goyenkade 5 NL-1075 HN Amsterdam categories of “Fiction”, “Non-fi ction”, “Current Affairs” and “IRIS” (multicultural Tel: (31) 20 676 02 22 Fax: (31) 20 675 22 31 programmes). The competition is organised by the Council of Europe and other E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.prix-europa.de European institutions. It aims to promote the creativity and diversity of national, regional and local cultures, and to encourage high-quality broadcasting. konkursi `evropa skolebSi~ Further information is available from: am yovelwliuri RonisZiebis farglebSi dawesebuli prizebi gadaecema skolis moswavleebs evropul Tematikaze Seqmnili saukeTeso werilobiTi Tu mxatvruli European Cultural Foundation Jan Van Goyenkade 5 namuSevrebisaTvis. konkursis mizania axalgazrda Taobis daintereseba saerToevro- NL-1075 HN Amsterdam puli sakiTxebiT. konkursi `evropa skolebSi~ 1986 wlidan imarTeba da warmoadgens Tel: (31) 20 676 02 22 Fax: (31) 20 675 22 31 evropis sabWos, evrokomisiisa da kulturis evropuli fondis (amsterdami) er- E-mail: [email protected] Tobliv RonisZiebas. prizebi Sedgeba fuladi jildoebis, specialurad dawesebuli Website: http://www.prix-europa.de samogzauro turebis, medlebis, wignebisa da a.S. Europe at School damatebiTi informaciisaTvis mimarTeT:

kkonkursisonkursis `evropa`evropa skolebSi~skolebSi~ sakoordinaciosakoordinacio ganyofilebasganyofilebas This is an annual event in which prizes are awarded for the best essays and paint- Europa-Zentrum ings on a European theme by school children. The purpose of the competition is Bachstraße 32 to interest young people of school age in European affairs. Since 1986, “Europe D-53115 Bonn Tel.: (49) 228 72 900 40 at School” has been a joint activity of the Council of Europe, the Commission of Fax: (49) 228 72 900 90 the European Communities and the European Cultural Foundation (Amsterdam). E-mail: [email protected] Prizes include a sum of money, a special journey, medals, books, etc. Website: http://www.europe-at-school.org For further information, please contact:

“Europe at School” Co-ordinating Unit Europa-Zentrum Bachstraße 32 D-53115 Bonn Tel.: (49) 228 72 900 40 Fax: (49) 228 72 900 90 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.europe-at-school.org

138 The European flag, anthem and prizes 140 141

141 evropuli organizaciebi: European institutions: msgavseba da gansxvaveba what’s what?

gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi gansxvavebebi: Note the difference:

evropis sabWo Council of Europe strasburgSi dafuZnebuli saerTaSoriso organizacia, romelic evropis 46 An international organisation in Strasbourg which comprises 46 democratic coun- demokratiuli qveynisgan Sedgeba, tries of Europe. da evropuli sabWo and evrokavSiris 25 wevri qveynis warmomadgeneli saxelmwifoebisa da mTavrobebis European Council meTaurTa regularuli (sul mcire, weliwadSi orjer) Sexvedrebi, romelTa mizania Regular meeting (at least twice a year) of the heads of state or government from evropuli politikis gansazRvra. the 25 member states of the European Union for the purpose of planning Union saparlamento asamblea policy. evropis sabWos saTaTbiro organo, romelic Sedgeba wevri qveynebis erovnuli parlamentebis mier damtkicebuli 315 wevrisa da amave raodenobis maTi Semcv- Parliamentary Assembly lelebisagan, The deliberative body of the Council of Europe, composed of 315 representatives da (and the same number of substitutes) appointed by the member states’ national evroparlamenti parliaments. evrokavSiris saparlamento organo, romelic Sedgeba pirdapiri da sayovelTao and kenWisyriT arCeuli 732 wevrisagan evrokavSiris 25 qveynidan. European Parliament adamianis uflebaTa evropuli komisia The parliamentary body of the European Union which comprises 732 members from the 25 European Union countries, elected by universal suffrage. komisiam Tavisi moRvaweoba Sewyvita 1998 wels, mas Semdeg, rac Seiqmna adamianis European Commission of Human Rights uflebaTa erTiani evropuli sasamarTlo. daSlamde komisia, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis Sesabamisad, ganixilavda wevri qveynebis winaaRmdeg calkeuli The Commission ceased to operate in November 1998 with the creation of the pirebisa Tu saxelmwifoebis mier warmodgenil sarCelTa daSvebadobis sakiTxebs, single European Court of Human Rights. Before then, it examined the admissibility of all individual or state applications against a member state in accordance with da the European Convention on Human Rights. evrokomisia evrokavSiris aRmasrulebeli organo (mdebareobs briuselSi), romelic Tvalyurs and adevnebs kavSiris xelSekrulebebisa da misi organizaciebis gadawyvetilebebis sa- European Commission Tanado Sesrulebas. The executive organ of the European Union based in Brussels which monitors adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo the proper application of the Union treaties and the decisions of the Union institu- tions.

sasamarTlo ganlagebulia strasburgSi. igi warmoadgens adamianis uflebaTa evro- European Court of Human Rights puli konvenciis safuZvelze daarsebul erTaderT wminda samarTlebriv organos. Based in Strasbourg, this is the only truly judicial organ established by the European is Sedgeba 45* mosamarTlisagan da aris ukanaskneli sasamarTlo instancia, sadac Convention on Human Rights. It is composed of 45 judges* and ensures, in the last gamoitaneba gadawyvetileba wevr qveyanaTa mier konvenciis farglebSi nakisri mova- instance, that contracting states observe their obligations under the Convention. leobebis Sesrulebis Sesaxeb. 1998 wlis noembridan sasamarTlo mudmivmoqmedi organoa, Since November 1998, the Court has operated on a full-time basis. da and evropul TanamegobrobaTa marTlmsajulebis sasamarTlo Court of Justice of the European Communities sasamarTlos sxdomebi imarTeba luqsemburgSi da uzrunvelyofs kanonTan Sesa- Meets in Luxembourg and ensures compliance with the law in the interpretation bamisobas evrokavSiris xelSekrulebaTa debulebebis ganmartebisa da gamoyenebis procesSi, and application of the European Union treaties. da

* 2005 wlis ivlisis mdgomareobiT * July 2005

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marTlmsajulebis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo and gaero-s samarTlebrivi organo, romlis sxdomebi haagaSi imarTeba. International Court of Justice Judicial body of the United Nations which meets in The Hague. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia European Convention on Human Rights xelSekruleba, romlis Tanaxmad evropis sabWos wevri qveynebi valdebulni arian, pativi scen adamianis ZiriTad uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs, Treaty by which the member states of the Council of Europe undertake to respect da fundamental human rights and freedoms. adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia and gaero-s mier 1948 wels miRebuli deklaraciuli saxis dokumenti, romlis mizania Universal Declaration of Human Rights adamianis uflebaTa dacvis gaZliereba saerTaSoriso masStabiT. evropis socialuri qartia Adopted by the United Nations in 1948 in order to strengthen the protection of human rights at international level. evropis sabWos socialuri qartia uzrunvelyofs socialur da ekonomikur uflebebs da warmoadgens adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis damatebas, European Social Charter da The Council of Europe Social Charter guarantees social and economic rights and ZiriTad uflebaTa qartia is a counterpart to the European Convention on Human Rights. evrokavSiris mier 2000 wlis dekemberSi evropuli sabWos nicaSi gamarTul and sxdomaze miRebuli qartia. Charter of fundamental rights Charter adopted by the European Union in December 2000 at the Nice European Council.

142 European institutions: what’s what? 144 145

145 mniSvnelovani TariRebi Key dates 1949 wlis 5 maisi 5 MAY 1949 aTi evropuli saxelmwifos (belgia, dania, safrangeTi, irlandia, italia, luqsem- Treaty of London, establishing the Council of Europe, signed by ten states: Belgium, burgi, niderlandebi, norvegia, SvedeTi da gaerTianebuli samefo) mier xelmowerili londonis xelSekrulebis safuZvelze Camoyalibda evropis sabWo. Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom. 11950950 wliswlis 4 noemberinoemberi 4 NOVEMBER 1950 romSi xeli moewera evropis sabWos mier Seqmnil evropul konvencias adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis Sesaxeb. konvencia warmoadgens adamianis Signature in Rome of the Council’s Convention for the Protection of Human Rights uflebaTa dacvis pirvel saerTaSoriso samarTlebriv meqanizms. and Fundamental Freedoms – the fi rst international legal instrument safeguarding 1954 wlis 19 dekemberi human rights. xeli moewera evropis kulturul konvencias, romelic gaxda ganaTlebis, kulturis, 19 DECEMBER 1954 axalgazrdobisa da sportis sferoebSi evropis sabWos muSaobis safuZveli. Signature of the European Cultural Convention, forming the framework for the 1956 wlis 16 aprili Council’s work in education, culture, youth and sport. evropis sabWom daafuZna dasaxlebis fondi (amJamad evropis sabWos ganviTarebis 16 APRIL 1956 banki), romlis mizania wevri qveynebisaTvis daxmarebis gaweva socialur sakiTxebze orientirebuli proeqtebis ganxorcielebaSi. The Resettlement Fund (now the Council of Europe Development Bank) set up to 1957 wlis 12 ianvari help member states with socially oriented projects.

adgilobriv da regionalur xelisufalTa warmomadgenelTa gaerTianebis mizniT 12 JANUARY 1957 evropis sabWom daafuZna evropis adgilobriv da regionalur xelisuflebaTa The Standing Conference of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe (now the mudmivmoqmedi konferencia (amJamad evropis sabWos adgilobriv da regionul xelisufalTa kongresi). Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe) set up by the Council of Europe, to bring together local and regional authority representatives. 1959 wlis 18 seqtemberi 18 SEPTEMBER 1959 wevri qveynebis mier nakisr valdebulebaTa Sesrulebaze zedamxedvelobis uzrun- velsayofad, adamianis uflebaTa evropul konvenciaze dayrdnobiT, evropis sabWom The European Court of Human Rights established by the Council in Strasbourg, strasburgSi daafuZna adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo. under the European Convention on Human Rights, to ensure observance of the 1961 wlis 18 oqtomberi obligations undertaken by contracting states. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis erTgvari ekonomikuri da socialuri 18 OCTOBER 1961 danamatis saxiT, turinSi xeli moewera evropis sabWos mier SemuSavebul evropis socialur qartias. The Council’s European Social Charter signed in Turin as the economic and social counterpart of the European Convention on Human Rights. 1972 wlis 1 ivnisi 1 JUNE 1972 strasburgSi (safrangeTi) gaixsna evropis pirveli axalgazrduli centri. 1980 wlis 27 marti The Council’s fi rst European Youth Centre is opened in Strasbourg (France).

evropis sabWom daafuZna `pompidus jgufi~, rogorc forumi ministrebs Soris 27 MARCH 1980 TanamSromlobisaTvis narkomaniisa da narkotikebiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg brZolis The Pompidou Group established by the Council as a multi-disciplinary forum for saqmeSi. inter-ministerial co-operation against drug abuse and traffi cking. 1987 wlis 26 noemberi 26 NOVEMBER 1987 xeli moewera evropis sabWos mier SemuSavebul evropul konvencias wamebisa da araadamianuri Tu damamcirebeli mopyrobis da dasjis Tavidan acilebis Sesaxeb. Signature of the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman 1989 wlis 8 ivnisi or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, drawn up by the Council of Europe. 8 JUNE 1989 demokratiis gzaze damdgari axali wevri qveynebis (centraluri da aRmosavleT evropidan) parlamentebTan mWidro kavSirebis dasamyareblad evropis sabWos sapar- Special guest status introduced by the Council’s Parliamentary Assembly, to lamento asambleam daawesa specialuri stumris statusi. forge closer links with the parliaments of new member states moving towards 1990 wlis 30 aprili democracy. lisabonSi (portugalia) gaixsna evropis sabWos CrdiloeT-samxreTis centri. 30 APRIL 1990 The Council’s North/South Centre opened in Lisbon (Portugal).

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mniSvnelovani TariRebi 147

1990 wlis 10 maisi 10 MAY 1990 demokratiisTvis samarTlebrivi garantiebis uzrunvelsayofad evropis sabWom The European Commission for Democracy through Law (the “Venice Commission”) Camoayaliba `evropuli komisia demokratiisaTvis samarTlis meSveobiT~ (`veneciis established by the Council to deal with legal guarantees on democracy. komisia~). 1993 wlis 8-9 oqtomberi 8 AND 9 OCTOBER 1993 First Council of Europe summit of heads of state and government in Vienna venaSi (avstria) evropis sabWos saxelmwifoebisa da mTavrobebis meTaurTa pirvel samitze miRebul iqna deklaracia, romelic adasturebs evropis sabWos saerToev- (Austria) adopts a declaration confi rming its pan-European vocation and setting ropul mowodebas da ayalibebs axal politikur prioritetebs erovnul umcireso- new political priorities in protecting national minorities and combating all forms of baTa dacvis, rasizmis, qsenofobiisa da Seuwynareblobis yovelgvar gamovlinebaTa racism, xenophobia and intolerance. aRmofxvris mizniT. 17 JANUARY 1994 1994 wlis 17 ianvari The Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe (CLRAE) set up by the evropis adgilobriv da regionalur xelisufalTa mudmivmoqmedi konferenciis Council’s Committee of Ministers to replace the Standing Conference of Local and Secvlis mizniT, evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetma daafuZna evropis adgilobriv Regional Authorities of Europe. da regionalur xelisufalTa kongresi. 1995 wlis 1 Tebervali 1 FEBRUARY 1995

xeli moewera evropis sabWos mier SemuSavebul CarCo-konvencias erovnul umci- Signature of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, resobaTa dacvis Sesaxeb. drawn up by the Council of Europe. 1995 wlis 15 dekemberi 15 DECEMBER 1995 budapeStSi (ungreTi) gaixsna evropis meore axalgazrduli centri. Opening of the Council’s second European Youth Centre in Budapest (Hungary). 1997 wlis 4 aprili 4 APRIL 1997 xeli moewera evropul konvencias adamianis uflebebisa da biomedicinis Sesaxeb. Signature of the Council’s European Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine. 1997 wlis 10-11 oqtomberi 10 AND 11 OCTOBER 1997 strasburgSi (safrangeTi) gaimarTa evropis sabWos saxelmwifoebisa da mTavrobebis meTaurTa meore samiti. Second Council of Europe summit of heads of state and government, in Strasbourg (France). 1998 wlis 12 ianvari 12 JANUARY 1998 xeli moewera adamianis uflebebisa da biomedicinis Sesaxeb evropuli konvenciis damatebiT oqms, romlis ZaliTac aikrZala adamianis klonireba. Signature of the Council’s Additional Protocol to the European Convention on 1998 wlis 1 noemberi Human Rights and Biomedicine, prohibiting the cloning of human beings.

evropis sabWos adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-11 oqmis safuZvelze, 1 NOVEMBER 1998 strasburgSi dafuZnda axali, erTiani da mudmivmoqmedi adamianis uflebaTa evro- Single permanent European Court of Human Rights established in Strasbourg puli sasamarTlo. under Protocol No. 11 to the Council’s European Convention on Human Rights. 1999 wlis 27 aprili 27 APRIL 1999 evropis sabWos SeuerTda saqarTvelo. 1999 wlis 5 maisi Georgia joins the Council of Europe.

evropis sabWos 50-e wlisTavi. 5 MAY 1999 2000 wlis 4 noemberi 50th Anniversary of the Council of Europe.

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis 50-e wlisTavi. 4 NOVEMBER 2000 2001 wlis 25 ianvari 50th Anniversary of the European Convention on Human Rights. evropis sabWos SeuerTdnen azerbaijani da somxeTi. 25 JANUARY 2001 2002 wlis 24 aprili Armenia and Azerbaijan join the Council of Europe. evropis sabWos SeuerTda bosnia da hercegovina. 24 APRIL 2002 2003 wlis 3 aprili Bosnia and Herzegovina joins the Council of Europe. evropis sabWos SeuerTda serbia da montenegro. 3 APRIL 2003 2004 wlis 5 oqtomberi Serbia and Montenegro joins the Council of Europe. evropis sabWos SeuerTda monako.

146 Key dates 148 149

mniSvnelovani TariRebi 149

2005 wlis 16-17 maisi 5 OCTOBER 2004 varSavaSi (poloneTi) gaimarTa evropis sabWos saxelmwifoebisa da mTavrobebis Monaco joins the Council of Europe. meTaurTa mesame samiti. 16-17 MAY 2005 Third Council of Europe summit of heads of state and government in Warsaw (Poland).

148 Key dates 150 151

151 abreviaturebi Abbreviations

(laTinuri anbanis TanmimdevrobiT): 1. CCC Council for Cultural Co-operation 2. ECHR European Convention on Human Rights 1. (CCC) Council for Cultural Co-operation 3. ECSC European Coal and Steel Community kulturuli TanamSromlobis sabWo 4. ESC European Social Charter 2. (ECHR) European Convention on Human Rights 5. EU European Union adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia 3. (ECSC) European Coal and Steel Community 6. ICME International Committee of the Movements for European Unity evropis qvanaxSirisa da foladis Tanamegobroba 7. NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation 4. (ESC) European Social Charter evropis socialuri qartia 8. OEEC Organisation for European Economic Cooperation 5. (EU) European Union 9. OSCE Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe evrokavSiri 6. (ICME) International Committee of the Movements for European Unity evropuli erTobisaTvis saerTaSoriso moZraobaTa komiteti 7. (NATO) North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Crdilo-atlantikuri xelSekrulebis organizacia 8. (OEEC) Organisation for European Economic Cooperation evropis ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis organizacia 9. (OSCE) Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe evropis uSiSroebisa da TanamSromlobis organizacia

150 152 153

153 evropis sabWos Council of Europe contact and sakontaqto da sainformacio centrebi information points

`infopointi~ Infopoint

(“Infopoint”) The “Infopoint” is situated in the central library area, on the left of the main entrance `infopointi~ mdebareobs evropis sabWos biblioTekis centralur zonaSi, evropis to the Palais de l’Europe. sasaxlis ZiriTadi Sesasvlelidan xelmarcxniv. If you want information or documentation about the Council of Europe’s activities, evropis sabWos saqmianobis Sesaxeb informaciis mosaZieblad mimarTeT: please contact: Infopoint Infopoint

Council of Europe Council of Europe F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex Tel.: +33 (0)3 88 41 20 33 Tel.: +33 (0)3 88 41 20 33 Fax: +33 (0)3 88 41 27 45 Fax: +33 (0)3 88 41 27 45 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.coe.int Website: http://www.coe.int evropis sabWos gamocemebi Council of Europe Publishing evropis sabWos mier nebismier sferoSi warmoebuli saqmianobis gasaSuqeblad mTeli Over 1500 publications in both offi cial languages (English and French) are distrib- msoflios masStabiT vrceldeba organizaciis orive samuSao enaze (inglisuri da franguli) gamocemuli 1500-ze meti publikacia. uted worldwide to present the Council of Europe’s work in all fi elds. Council of Europe Publishing eevropisvropis sabWossabWos ggamocemebiamocemebi Council of Europe Publishing F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex Tel.: + 33 (0)3 88 41 25 81 Tel.: + 33 (0)3 88 41 25 81 Fax: +33 (0)3 88 41 39 10 Fax: +33 (0)3 88 41 39 10 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://book.coe.int Website: http://book.coe.int LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES DIVISION SERVICES biblioTeka da arqivebis ganyofileba Library and Archives Division biblioTeka da arqivebis ganyofileba Council of Europe eevropisvropis sabWosabWo F - 67075 Strasbourg Cedex F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex Access to archives and both libraries by public is by appointment with 24 hours notice. arqivebsa da orive biblioTekaSi Sesvla xdeba daniSvniT 24 saaTiT adre Setyo- Access by public is not allowed during sessions of the Parliamentary Assembly. binebis safuZvelze. saparlamento asambleis sxdomebis ganmavlobaSi arqivebsa da biblioTekebSi stumrebi ar daiSvebian. Archives & Records Management

arqivebisa da Canawerebis marTva The Archives & Records Management Unit keeps all referenced documents of the Council of Europe, as well as the historical archives of the various departments arqivebisa da Canawerebis marTvis ganyofilebaSi inaxeba evropis sabWos yvela miTiTe- buli dokumenti da sxvadasxva departamentis istoriuli arqivebi moyolebuli 1949 since 1949. A scan-on-request service and photocopier are available. wlidan. SesaZlebelia dokumentebis skanireba da fotoaslebis gakeTeba. For more information: damatebiTi informaciisTvis mimarTeT: [email protected] [email protected] Tel.: + 33 (0)3 90 21 43 77 telefoni: +33 (0)3 90 21 43 77 Central Library centraluri biblioTeka The collection includes: dictionaries and encyclopaedias, periodicals, main book centraluri biblioTekis koleqciaSi Sedis leqsikonebi da enciklopediebi, peri- collection, the European Union and the intergovernmental organisation collections, oduli gamocemebi, ZiriTadi wignsacavi, evrokavSirisa da mTavrobaTaSorisi orga- the education and the environment collections. nizaciebis koleqciebi, koleqciebi ganaTlebisa da garemos dacvis sferoebSi. The Library is located on the ground fl oor of the Council of Europe in the B-Build- biblioTeka ganlagebulia evropis sabWos Senobis (strasburgi) pirvel sarTulze. ing, Strasbourg.

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sstumrebistumrebis SSesvlisesvlis ddReebi:Reebi: orSabaTi _ xuTSabaTi Public opening hours: telefoni: +33 (0)3 88 41 20 25 Monday – Thursday faqsi: +33 (0)3 90 21 47 54 Contact: eleqtronuli fosta: [email protected] Tel.: + 33 (0)3 88 41 20 25 vedovatos biblioTeka Fax: + 33 (0)3 90 21 47 54 E-mail: [email protected] evropis sabWos saparlamento asambleis yofilma Tavmjdomarem, profesorma juzepe Vedovato Library vedovatom, evropis sabWos saCuqrad gadasca 30 000 wigni, romlebic moicavs pe- riods 1940 wlidan dRemde. biblioTeka ganlagebulia evropis sasaxleSi (stras- The collection comprises over 30,000 volumes donated by Professor Giuseppe burgi) 1-l sarTulze, sademonstracio oTaxis gverdiT (kibiT Casasvleli gazeTebis Vedovato, spanning the period 1940 to the present. The library is situated on level maRaziasTan). 1 next to the Projection Room (down the steps near the newspaper shop), Palais sstumrebistumrebis SSesvlisesvlis ddReebi:Reebi: de l’Europe, Strasbourg. oorSabaTirSabaTi _ paraskevi,paraskevi , 9 – 1122 ssTT Public opening hours : Monday – Friday, 9 - 12am telefoni: +33 (0)3 88 41 30 83 faqsi: +33 (0)3 90 21 47 76 Contact: eleqtronuli fosta: [email protected] Tel.: + 33 (0)3 88 41 30 83 Fax: + 33 (0)3 90 21 47 76 evropis sabWos sakontaqto biuroebi E-mail [email protected] COUNCIL OF EUROPE LIAISON OFFICES pparizisarizis ofisiofisi 55, avenue Kléber TTanamedroveanamedrove enaTaenaTa evropulievropuli centricentri (graci)(graci) F-75784 Paris Cedex 16 Nikolaiplatz 4 Paris Offi ce telefoni: +33 (0)1 44 05 33 60 A-8020 Graz 55, avenue Kléber European Centre for Modern Languages (Graz) faqsi: +33 (0)1 47 27 36 47 telefoni: + 43 316 323 554 F-75784 Paris Cedex 16 Nikolaiplatz 4 eleqtronuli fosta: [email protected] faqsi: + 43 316 323 554-4 Tel.: +33 (0)1 44 05 33 60 A-8020 Graz eleqtronuli fosta: [email protected] Fax: +33 (0)1 47 27 36 47 Tel.: + 43 316 323 554 bbriuselisriuselis oofisifisi internetgverdi: http://www.ecml.at E-mail: [email protected] Fax: + 43 316 323 554-4 Résidence Palace E-mail: [email protected] 155 rue de la Loi - Bte 3 eevropisvropis audiovizualuriaudiovizualuri oobservatoriabservatoria Brussels Offi ce Website: http://www.ecml.at B-1040 Brussels 76 allée de la Robertsau Résidence Palace telefoni: + 32-2 230 41 70 / 230 47 21 F-67000 Strasbourg 155 rue de la Loi - Bte 3 European Audiovisual Observatory faqsi: + 32-2 230 94 62 telefoni: +33 (0)3 88 14 44 00 B-1040 Brussels 76 allée de la Robertsau eleqtronuli fosta: [email protected] faqsi: +33 (0)3 88 14 44 19 Tel.: + 32 2 230 41 70 / 230 47 21 F-67000 Strasbourg eleqtronuli fosta: [email protected] Fax: + 32 2 230 94 62 Tel.: +33 (0)3 88 14 44 00 eevropisvropis sabWossabWos gganviTarebisanviTarebis bbankianki internetgverdi: http://www. obs.coe.int E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +33 (0)3 88 14 44 19 55, avenue Kléber E-mail: [email protected] F-75784 Paris Cedex 16 mmedikamentebisedikamentebis xarisxisxarisxis evropulievropuli direqtoratidireqtorati Council of Europe Development Bank Website: http://www.obs.coe.int telefoni: +33 (0)1 47 55 55 00 (EDQM) 55, avenue Kléber faqsi: +33 (0)1 47 55 03 38 BP 907 F-75784 Paris Cedex 16 European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines eleqtronuli fosta: [email protected] F-67029 Strasbourg Cedex 1 Tel.: +33 (0)1 47 55 55 00 (EDQM) internetgverdi: http://www.coebank.org (location: 226, route de Colmar – F-67 100 Strasbourg- Fax: +33 (0)1 47 55 03 38 BP 907 Meinau) E-mail: [email protected] F-67029 Strasbourg Cedex 1 gglobalurilobaluri uurTierTdamokidebulebisarTierTdamokidebulebisa ddaa ssolidarobisolidarobis telefoni: +33 (0) 3 88 41 20 36 Website: http://www.coebank.org (location: 226, route de Colmar – F-67 100 Strasbourg- eevropulivropuli centricentri _ CrdiloeT-samxreTisCrdiloeT-samxreTis centricentri faqsi: +33 (0)3 88 41 27 71 Meinau) Avenida da Liberdade, 229-4° eleqtronuli fosta: [email protected] European Centre for Global Interdependence and Tel.: +33 (0) 3 88 41 20 36 P-1250 Lisbon internetgverdi: http://www.pheur.org Solidarity Fax: +33 (0)3 88 41 27 71 telefoni: + 351 213 584 030 North-South Centre E-mail: [email protected] faqsi: + 351 213 531 329 Avenida da Liberdade, 229-4° Website: http://www.pheur.org eleqtronuli fosta: [email protected] P-1250 Lisbon internetgverdi: http ://www.nscentre.org Tel.: + 351 213 584 030 Fax: + 351 213 531 329 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.nscentre.org

evropis sabWos sainformacio centrebi

rigi qveynebis moTxovnaTa safuZvelze ministrTa komitetis gadawyvetilebiT Camo- yalibda evropis sabWos sainformacio ofisebi. maTi mizania saxelmwifo struq- turebis (magaliTad, saministroebisa da saxelmwifo departamentebis) da kerZo pirebisa da organizaciebis (magaliTad, arasamTavrobo organizaciebis) uzrunvelyofa informaciiT evropis sabWos saqmianobisa da miRwevebis Sesaxeb, agreTve, evropis sab- Wos mier Sesabamis qveynebSi warmoebul iniciativaTa mxardaWera da xelSewyoba.

154 Council of Europe contact and information points 156 157

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bbulgareTiulgareTi LV-1423 Riga el. fosta: [email protected] Information and documentation centres 5 Alexander Zhendov Str. tel./faqsi: + 371 7 28 68 65 BG-1113 Sofi a el. fosta: [email protected] uuralisralis rregionisegionis iinformaciisanformaciisa ddaa on the Council of Europe telefoni: + 359 2 971 30 00 internetgverdi: ddokumentaciisokumentaciis centricentri faqsi: + 359 2 971 22 33 http ://www.coecidriga.lv Ul. Kolmogorova 54 The information and documentation centres on the Council of Europe were set up el. fosta: [email protected] RU-620034 Yekaterinburg by the Committee of Ministers at the request of various countries. internetgverdi: http://www.cid.bg llitvaitva tel./faqsi: + 7 3432 45 92 25 Gedimino pr.51 el. fosta: [email protected] The aim of the centres is to provide public authorities (e.g. ministries and govern- rregionuliegionuli centricentri LT-2635 Vilnius ment departments) and private individuals and bodies (e.g. NGOs) with informa- Oblast Business House/Hall 219 telefoni: + 370 2 496 685/647 vvolgisolgis rregionisegionis iinformaciisanformaciisa dada Square Centre 2 faqsi: + 370 2 496 214 ddokumentaciisokumentaciis centricentri tion and documentation on the Council of Europe’s activities and achievements, BG-5000 Veliko Turnovo el. fosta: [email protected] Ul. Volskaya 16 and to support and promote the Council of Europe’s initiatives in the respective telefoni: + 359 62 60 50 60 internetgverdi: http://cid.lnb.lt RU-410028 Saratov faqsi: + 359 62 300 48 telefoni: + 7 8452 25 28 43 countries. el. fosta: [email protected] mmoldovaoldova faqsi: + 7 8452 25 34 78 internetgverdi: http://www.coe. C.P. 219 el. fosta: [email protected] veliko-turnovo.com MD-2044 Chisinau Bulgaria Latvia Smolny str. 1/3 Entr. VIII 5 Alexander Zhendov Str. K. Barona iela 14 RU-193 060 St Petersburg (misamarTi: moldovas erovnuli sslovakeTislovakeTis rrespublikaespublika BG-1113 Sofi a LV-1423 Riga Tel.: + 7 812 276 61 16 CCexeTisexeTis respublikarespublika biblioTeka, 78a, 31 August Street, PO Box 217 Senovazné namesti 26 MD-2044 Chisinau) SK-81100 Bratislava 1 Tel.: + 359 2 971 30 00 Tel./Fax: + 371 7 28 68 65 Fax: + 7 812 276 62 29 Fax: + 359 2 971 22 33 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] CZ-11000 Prague 1 telefoni: + 373 2 21 29 30 (misamarTi: Klariská 3-5, SK-81100 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.coecidriga.Iv tel./faqsi: + 42 02 24 39 83 15 tel/faqsi: + 373 2 24 10 96 Bratislava 1) Website: http://www.cid.bg Information and Documentation el. fosta: [email protected] el. fosta: [email protected] telefoni: + 421 2 5443 5752 Lithuania Centre for the Urals internetgverdi: http://www.eis. internetgverdi: http://www.bice.md faqsi: + 421 2 5443 5672 Regional Centre Gedimino pr.51 Ul. Kolmogorova 54 cuni.cz el. fosta: [email protected] Oblast Business House/Hall 219 LT-2635 Vilnius RU-620034 Yekaterinburg ppoloneTioloneTi internetgverdi: http://www.ra- eestoneTistoneTi Al. Niepodleglosci 22 daeuropy.sk Square Centre 2 Tel: + 370 2 496 685/647 Tel./ Fax: + 7 3432 45 92 25 Tönismägi 2 PL-02653 Warsaw BG-5000 Veliko Turnovo Fax: + 370 2 496 214 E-Mail: [email protected] Tel.: + 359 62 60 50 60 E-mail: [email protected] EE-0100 Tallinn telefoni: + 48 22 845 20 84 / sslovenialovenia Fax: + 359 62 300 48 Website: http://cid.lnb.lt Information and Documentation telefoni: + 372 6 30 72 58 853 57 73 Rimska cesta 16 E-mail : [email protected] Centre for the Volga region faqsi: + 372 6 46 00 89 faqsi: + 48 22 853 57 74 SLO-1000 Ljubljana Website: http://www.coe.veliko- Moldova Ul. Volskaya 16 el. fosta: [email protected] el. fosta: [email protected] telefoni: + 386 14 21 43 00 turnovo.com C.P. 219 RU-410028 Saratov internetgverdi: http://www.coe.ee internetgverdi: http ://www.coe.org.pl faqsi: + 386 14 21 43 05 MD-2044 Chisinau Tel.: + 7 8452 25 28 43 el. fosta: [email protected] Czech Republic (location: National Library of Mol- Fax: + 7 8452 25 34 78 ssaqarTveloaqarTvelo rrumineTiumineTi internetgverdi: http://www.idcse. 7, Erekle II Lane Alexandru Donici Street no. 6 nuk.si Senovazné namesti 26 dova E-mail: [email protected] 0105 Tbilisi RO-70224 Bucharest CZ-11000 Prague 1 78a, 31 August Street, MD-2044 Tel./Fax: + 42 02 24 39 83 15 Chisinau) Slovak Republic telefoni: + 995 32 98 95 60; + telefoni: + 40 21 211 68 10 ``iugoslaviisiugoslaviis yyofiliofili rrespublikaespublika E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: + 373 2 21 29 30 PO Box 217 995 32 98 89 77 faqsi: + 40 21 211 99 97 mmakedonia~akedonia~ Website: http://www.eis.cuni.cz Fax: + 373 2 24 10 96 SK-81100 Bratislava 1 faqsi: + 995 32 98 96 57 el. fosta: [email protected] ul. Mito Hadzivasilev Jasmin b.b. E-mail: [email protected] (location: Klariská 3-5, SK-81100 el. fosta: [email protected] (ge- internetgverdi: http ://www.dcbuc.at MK-91000 Skopje Website: http://www.bice.md Bratislava 1) neraluri mdivnis sagangebo war- telefoni: + 389 2 123 616 Estonia Tel.: + 421 2 5443 5752 momadgeneli) rruseTisuseTis ffederaciaederacia faqsi: + 389 2 123 617 Tõnismägi 2 Fax : + 421 2 5443 5672 information.offi [email protected] (sain- Pr. Vernadskogo 76 el. fosta: [email protected] EE-0100 Tallinn Poland E-mail: [email protected] formacio ofisi) RU-117454 Moscow internetgverdi: http://www.iocoe.org.mk Tel.: + 372 6 30 72 58 Al. Niepodleglosci 22 Website: http://www.radaeuropy.sk internetgverdi: http://www.coe.ge telefoni: + 7 095 434 90 77 Fax : + 372 6 46 00 89 PL-02653 Warsaw faqsi: + 7 095 434 90 75 uukrainakraina E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: + 48 22 845 20 84 / 853 57 uungreTingreTi el. fosta: [email protected] 24 A, Franka str. Website: http://www.coe.ee 73 Slovenia PO Box 3 internetgverdi: http://www.coe.ru UA-01030 Kyiv Fax: + 48 22 853 57 74 Rimska cesta 16 H-1357 Budapest telefoni: + 380 44 234 37 78 E-mail: [email protected]. SLO-1000 Ljubljana (misamarTi: Kossuth Lajos tér 1-3, ssanqt-peterburgisanqt-peterburgis regionuliregionuli tel/faqsi: + 380 44 234 40 84 Georgia Website: http:// www.coe.org.pl Tel.: + 386 14 21 43 00 H-1055 Budapest) ccentrientri el. fosta: informoffi [email protected] 7, Erekle II Lane Fax: + 386 14 21 43 05 telefoni.: + 36 1 441 48 57 / sanqt-peterburgis saxelmwifo internetgverdi: http://www.coe.kiev.ua 0105 Tbilisi E-mail: [email protected] 45 63 universiteti Tel.: +99532 989560; +99532 Romania Website: http://www.idcse.nuk.si faqsi: + 36 1 441 48 78 saerTaSoriso urTierTobaTa 988977 Alexandru Donici Street no. 6 el. fosta: [email protected] fakulteti Fax: +99532 989657 RO-70224 Bucharest internetgverdi: http://www.eu- Smolny str. 1/3 Entr. VIII E-mail: [email protected] (Special Tel.: + 40 21 211 68 10 “the former Yugoslav Republic ropatanacs.hu RU-193 060 St Petersburg Representative of the Secretary Fax : + 40 21 211 99 97 of Macedonia” llatviaatvia telefoni: + 7 812 276 61 16 General) E-mail: [email protected] ul. Mito Hadzivasilev Jasmin b.b. K. Barona iela 14 faqsi: +7 812 276 62 29 information.offi [email protected] (Infor- Website: http://www.dcbuc.at MK-91000 Skopje mation Offi ce) Tel.: + 389 2 123 616 Website: http://www.coe.ge Fax: + 389 2 123 617 Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Pr. Vernadskogo 76 Website: http://www.iocoe.org.mk Hungary RU-117454 Moscow PO Box 3 Tel.: + 7 095 434 90 77 Ukraine H-1357 Budapest Fax: + 7 095 434 90 75 24 A, Franka str. (Location: Kossuth Lajos tér 1-3, E-mail: UA-01030 Kyiv H-1055 Budapest) [email protected] Tel.: + 380 44 234 37 78 Tel.: + 36 1 441 48 57/45 63 Website: http://www.coe.ru Tel./ Fax: + 380 44 234 40 84 Fax: + 36 1 441 48 78 E-mail: informoffi [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] St Petersburg Regional Centre Website: http://www.coe.kiev.ua Website: http://www.europatanacs.hu Faculty of International Relations

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evropis sabWos samdivnos ofisebi OFFICES OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE SECRETARIAT

Albania Dalmatinska 22 Villa Six, Rruga Donika Kastrioti 81 000 Podgorica aalbaneTilbaneTi eevropisvropis sabWossabWos oofisifisi mmontenegroSiontenegroSi Tirana Montenegro Villa Six, Rruga Donika Kastrioti Dalmatinska 22 Tel.: + 355 42 284 19 / 343 75 Tel.: + 381 81 265 438 / 441 / 435 Tirana 81 000 Podgorica Fax: + 355 42 333 75 Fax: + 381 81 265 439 telefoni: + 355 42 284 19 / 343 75 Montenegro E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] faqsi: + 355 42 333 75 telefoni: + 381 81 265 438 / 441 / 435 eleqtronuli fosta: [email protected] faqsi: + 381 81 265 439 Bosnia and Herzegovina Offi ce of the Council of Europe in Kosovo eleqtronuli fosta: [email protected] UNHCR HQ Building bbosniaosnia dada hhercegovinaercegovina Offi ce of the Council of Europe in Sarajevo 38000 Pristina eevropisvropis sabWossabWos oofisifisi kkosovoSiosovoSi Zelenih Beretki 16/1 Kosovo eevropisvropis sabWossabWos oofisifisi ssaraevoSiaraevoSi UNHCR HQ Building 71000 Sarajevo Tel.: + 381 38 243 749 / 750 /751 Zelenih Beretki 16/1 38000 Pristina Tel.: + 387 33 264 360 / 361 / 362 Fax: + 381 38 243 752 71000 Sarajevo Kosovo Fax : + 387 33 264 360 E-mail : [email protected] telefoni: + 387 33 264 360 / 361 / 362 telefoni: + 381 38 243 749 / 750 / 751 E-mail: [email protected] Azerbaijan faqsi: + 387 33 264 360 faqsi: + 381 38 243 752 OSCE Offi ce in Baku eleqtronuli fosta: [email protected] eleqtronuli fosta: [email protected] Offi ce of the Council of Europe in Mostar 4, Magomayev Lane Rade Bitange 34 2nd Floor, Icheri Sheher eevropisvropis sabWossabWos oofisifisi mmostarSiostarSi aazerbaijanizerbaijani 88000 Mostar Baku 370004 Rade Bitange 34 OSCE offi ce in Baku Tel.: + 387 36 581 061 Tel.: + 994 12 97 23 73 88000 Mostar 4, Magomayev Lane Fax : + 387 36 581 071 Fax: + 994 12 97 23 77 telefoni: + 387 36 581 061 2nd fl oor, Icheri Sheher E-mail : [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] faqsi: + 387 36 581 071 Baku 370004 Armenia eleqtronuli fosta: [email protected] telefoni: + 994 12 97 23 73 Serbia and Montenegro OSCE Offi ce in Yerevan faqsi: + 994 12 97 23 77 60 Zarobyan (Plekhanov) St. sserbiaerbia dada montenegromontenegro eleqtronuli fosta: [email protected] Offi ce of the Council of Europe in Belgrade Yerevan 37501 Vuka Karadžia 12 Tel: + 374 1 54 10 61 / 58 45 eevropisvropis sabWossabWos oofisifisi bbelgradSielgradSi ssomxeTiomxeTi 11000 Belgrade Fax: + 374 1 56 11 38 Vuka Karadžica 12 OSCE offi ce in Yerevan Tel.: + 381 11 180 228 E-mail: [email protected] 11000 Belgrade 60 Zarobyan (Plekhanov) str. Fax: + 381 11 620 476 telefoni: + 381 11 180 228 Yerevan 37501 E-mail: [email protected] faqsi: + 381 11 620 476 telefoni: + 374 1 54 10 61 / 58 45 eleqtronuli fosta: [email protected] faqsi: + 374 1 56 11 38 Offi ce of the Council of Europe in Montenegro eleqtronuli fosta: [email protected]

158 Council of Europe contact and information points 160 161

161 evropis sabWos Council of Europe websites internetgverdebi

Council of Europe Portal Culture eevropisvropis sabWossabWos ZZiriTadiiriTadi ggverdiverdi kkulturaultura http://www.coe.int http://www.coe.int/Culture http://www.coe.int/Culture http://www.coe.int Committee of Ministers Cultural and natural heritage kkulturuliulturuli ddaa bunebrivibunebrivi mmemkvidreobaemkvidreoba mministrTainistrTa komitetikomiteti http://www.coe.int/cm http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/Heritage http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/Heritage http://www.coe.int/cm Parliamentary Assembly Education gganaTlebaanaTleba ssaparlamentoaparlamento asambleaasamblea http://assembly.coe.int http://www.coe.int/Education http://www.coe.int/Education http://assembly.coe.int Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of Eu- Higher education and research uumaRlesimaRlesi ganaTlebaganaTleba dada kvlevakvleva rope http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/education/ eevropisvropis sabWossabWos aadgilobrivdgilobriv ddaa rregionaluregionalur xxelisu-elisu- http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/education/ http://www.coe.int/cplre Higher_education ffalTaalTa kongresikongresi Higher_education http://www.coe.int/cplre European Centre for Modern Languages (Graz) TTanamedroveanamedrove enaTaenaTa evropulievropuli centricentri (graci)(graci) http://www.ecml.at http://www.ecml.at HUMAN RIGHTS Eurimages adamianis uflebebi ``evroimiji~evroimiji~ Human Rights http://www.coe.int/Eurimages aadamianisdamianis uflebaTauflebaTa ZiriTadiZiriTadi gverdigverdi http://www.coe.int/Eurimages http://www.coe.int/T/E/Human_rights/ Environment and Sustainable Development http://www.coe.int/T/E/Human_rights/ ggaremoaremo dada mdgradimdgradi ganviTarebaganviTareba European Court of Human Rights http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/Environ- aadamianisdamianis uflebaTauflebaTa evropulievropuli sasamarTlosasamarTlo http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-operation/Environment http://www.echr.coe.int/ ment/ http://www.echr.coe.int/ Prevention of Torture wwamebisamebis aRkveTaaRkveTa axalgazrdoba da sporti http://www.cpt.coe.int/en/ http://www.cpt.coe.int/en/ aaxalgazrdobaxalgazrdoba Combating racism and intolerance YOUTH AND SPORT bbrZolarZola rasizmisarasizmisa dada SeuwynareblobisSeuwynareblobis winaaRmdegwinaaRmdeg http://www.coe.int/youth http://www.coe.int/Ecri Youth http://www.coe.int/Ecri aaxalgazrdobisxalgazrdobis evropulievropuli centricentri (budapeSti)(budapeSti) Media http://www.coe.int/youth mmasobriviasobrivi informaciisinformaciis saSualebebisaSualebebi http://www.eycb.coe.int http://www.humanrights.coe.int/media/ European Youth Centre (Budapest) http://www.humanrights.coe.int/media/ ssportiporti Commissioner for Human Rights http://www.eycb.coe.int aadamianisdamianis uflebaTauflebaTa komisarikomisari http://www.coe.int/Sport http://www.commissioner.coe.int/ Sport http://www.commissioner.coe.int/ http://www.coe.int/Sport wilobrivi SeTanxmebebi samarTlebrivi TanamSromloba LEGAL CO-OPERATION eevropisvropis audiovizualuriaudiovizualuri oobservatoriabservatoria Legal affairs PARTIAL AGREEMENTS ssamarTlebriviamarTlebrivi sakiTxebisakiTxebi http://www.obs.coe.int http://www.coe.int/Legal http://www.coe.int/Legal European Audiovisual Observatory eevropulivropuli farmakopeafarmakopea Council of Europe Treaties http://www.obs.coe.int eevropisvropis sabWossabWos xxelSekrulebebielSekrulebebi http://www.pheur.org http://conventions.coe.int/ http://conventions.coe.int/ European Pharmacopoeia gganviTarebisanviTarebis bankibanki Bioethics http://www.pheur.org bbioeTikaioeTika http://www.coebank.org http://www.coe.int/Bioethics http://www.coe.int/Bioethics Development Bank CCrdiloeT-samxreTisrdiloeT-samxreTis centricentri Combating economic crime http://www.coebank.org bbrZolarZola ekonomikurekonomikur danaSaulTandanaSaulTan http://www.nscentre.org http://www.coe.int/economiccrime http://www.coe.int/economiccrime North-South Centre vveneciiseneciis komisiakomisia Data protection http://www.nscentre.org mmonacemTaonacemTa dacvadacva http://www. venice.coe.int http://www.coe.int/dataprotection http://www.coe.int/dataprotection Venice Commission ``pompiduspompidus jjgufi~gufi~ International Institute for Democracy http://www.venice.coe.int ddemokratiisemokratiis saerTaSorisosaerTaSoriso institutiinstituti http://www.pompidou.coe.int http://www.iidemocracy.coe.int http://www.iidemocracy.coe.int Pompidou Group SSeTanxmebaeTanxmeba masStaburimasStaburi safrTxeebissafrTxeebis SesaxebSesaxeb ““EUR-OPA”EUR-OPA” aadgilobrividgilobrivi ddaa rregionaluriegionaluri demokratiademokratia Local and regional democracy http://www.pompidou.coe.int http://www.europarisks.coe.int http://www.coe.int/local http://www.coe.int/local EUR-OPA Major Hazards Agreement kkorufciasTanorufciasTan mebrZolmebrZol saxelmwifoTasaxelmwifoTa jgufijgufi ssocialuriocialuri integraciaintegracia dada cxovrebiscxovrebis donedone Social cohesion and quality of life http://www.europarisks.coe.int http://www.coe.int/T/E/Social_cohesion/ (GGRECORECO) http://www.coe.int/T/E/Social_cohesion/ Group of States against Corruption (GRECO) ssaqmianobaaqmianoba socialurisocialuri integraciisintegraciis sferoSisferoSi http://www.greco.coe.int Social cohesion activities ttp://www.greco.coe.int http://www.coe.int/socialcohesion eevropisvropis sabWossabWos ggamocemebiamocemebi http://www.coe.int/socialcohesion Council of Europe Publishing http://book.coe.int http://book.coe.int

kultura-ganaTleba-memkvidreoba CULTURE-EDUCATION-HERITAGE eevropisvropis TanamSromlobaTanamSromloba kulturiskulturis sferoSisferoSi European cultural co-operation http://www.coe.int/CulturalCooperation http://www.coe.int/CulturalCooperation

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evropis sabWos Senoba strasburgSi The Council of Europe in Strasbourg evropis sabWos mTavari Senoba - `evropis sasaxle~ (Palais de l’Europe) - aigo frangi arqiteqtoris anri bernaris proeqtis mixedviT. arqiteqtoris mizani iyo, The French architect Henry Bernard designed the Council of Europe’s main build- erTi mxriv, `Senobis soliduri eqsterieriT mieniSnebina, rom Zala erTobaSia da, ing, the “Palais de I’Europe”. His aim was “to affi rm by its solid external form that meore mxriv, cocxal da sasiamovno interierSi ndobisa da guliTadobis atmos- unity is strength, while at the same time in its cheerful and pleasant curved interior feros daesadgurebina, rac esoden aucilebelia gansxvavebul azrTa Tavisufali refl ecting the atmosphere of trust and cordiality necessary for the free confronta- gamoxatvisaTvis~. tion of ideas”. Senoba 1977 wels gaixsna. am kvadratuli nagebobis TiToeuli gverdis sigrZe 106 metrs, xolo simaRle 38 metrs aRwevs. is cxrasarTuliania da samuSao farTobi Inaugurated in 1977, the building forms a square with sides 106 metres long and mTlianobaSi 64 000 kvadratul metrs Seadgens. reaches a height of 38 metres. It is nine storeys high and contains working areas totaling 64 000 square metres. garedan Senobaze sami feri dominirebs: mowiTalo masaliT mopirkeTebuli mzidi sayrdenebi, vercxlisferi aluminiT gawyobili fasadi da sakonferencio darbazebis Three colours dominate the exterior: the reddish concrete of the buttresses, the farTo, muqi oqrosferi fanjrebi. silver aluminium-covered façade and the golden brown of the vast windows of the SigniT ganTavsebulia 17 saTaTbiro darbazi, romlebic aRWurvilia sinqronuli conference rooms. Targmanis aparaturiT, xolo samdivnos TanamSromelTaTvis gamoyofilia 1000-ze meti samuSao oTaxi. Inside there are seventeen meeting rooms, all fi tted with interpretation equipment for several languages, as well as a thousand offi ces for Secretariat staff. interieri da baRebi gaformebulia wevri qveynebisa da maTi parlamentebis mier morTmeuli xelovnebis nimuSebiT, gobelenebiT, naxatebiTa da qandakebebiT. The interior and gardens are embellished by several gifts from member states and parliaments: works of art, tapestries, paintings and statues. ministrebi, parlamentis wevrebi, adgilobrivi da regionaluri xelisuflebis war- momadgenlebi, eqspertebi, asociaciaTa warmomadgenlebi da axalgazrdebi sxvadasxva Ministers, members of parliament, local and regional councillors, experts, repre- qveynebidan Tavs iyrian evropis sasaxleSi ideebis, codnisa da gamocdilebis erT- sentatives of associations and young people from every country come here to pool maneTisTvis gasaziareblad. their ideas, know-how and experience. All share the same aim: to make Greater Europe an area of democracy governed by the rule of law. ministrTa komitetis SexvedraTa darbazi The Committee of Ministers’ meeting room ministrTa komitetis ovaluri formis darbazi gadaWimulia Senobis aRmosavleTi The meeting room is circular, projecting from one corner of the eastern wing of the fasadidan Jozefinas pavilionamde, romelic oranJereaSi mdebareobs. building right opposite the Pavilion Josephine in the Orangerie park. wevri qveynebis sagareo saqmeTa ministrebi an maTi moadgileebi erTmaneTs xvdebian farTo, tyaviT dafaruli, mrgvali magidis irgvliv. usafrTxoebis mizniT am dar- Member states’ Foreign Ministers, or their deputies, meet around a large leather- bazSi damTvaliereblebs ar uSveben. covered circular table. For security reasons this room is not open to the public. ministrTa komiteti aris evropis sabWoSi gadawyvetilebis mimRebi organo, romelic The Committee of Ministers is the Organisation’s decision-making body, setting gansazRvravs organizaciis biujets da samuSao programas. its budget and deciding on its work programme. saparlamento asambleis saTaTbiro darbazi The Parliamentary Assembly debating chamber darbazi mdebareobs Senobis centralur nawilSi da ori baRiT aris garSemortymuli. The chamber is located in the centre of the building, and is surrounded by two darbazSi 600-ze meti adgilia asambleis wevrebisa Tu adgilobrivi da regiona- luri xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebisTvis. mis zeda nawilSi ganlagebuli adgile- gardens. It has over 600 seats for members of the Assembly or local and regional bidan 220-mde Jurnalistsa da stumars SeuZlia Tvalyuri adevnos saparlamento representatives. There is also a gallery from which 220 journalists and visitors debatebs. spilenZiT dafaruli Weri, romelic mxolod Senobis Sida fanjrebidan may watch debates. The copper-covered roof, only visible from the windows on Cans, makagoniT mopirkeTebul maRal TaRebs eyrdnoba. the inside of the building, is supported by tall mahogany arches. evropis sabWos saqmianobis ZiriTad mimarTulebebs saparlamento asamblea adgens. Most of the Council of Europe’s main activities are initiated by the Parliamentary am darbazSi ikribeba, agreTve, evropis sabWos adgilobriv da regionalur xelisu- Assembly. falTa kongresi, romelic evropis demokratiul adgilobriv da regionalur xe- The Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe, which lisuflebas warmoadgens. speaks for Europe’s democratic local and regional authorities, also meets in the mravali evropelisTvis es darbazi televiziis meSveobiT gaxda cnobili. aq 1999 chamber. wlis ivlisamde Tavis sxdomebs marTavda evroparlamentic, romelic amJamad gan- Tavsebulia lui vaisis saxelobis axal SenobaSi. am Senobis SuSis fasadi mdinare The chamber itself has become familiar to many Europeans via their television ilis sanapiroze gamodis. screens. Plenary sessions of the European Parliament also used to be held here adamianis uflebaTa Senoba until July 1999. Since then, the European Parliament has moved to new premises (the “Louise Weiss” building) whose glass facade dominates the opposite bank Senobis avtori britaneli arqiteqtori riCard rojersia. misi mTavari mizani of the river Ill. iyo, aego uaRresad Tanamedrove da simbolikiT gajerebuli Senoba, romelic samarTlianobis ideas gamWvirvalobis principTan daakavSirebda. nagebobis fasadi marTlmsajulebis saswors ganasaxierebs.

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adamanis uflebaTa Senoba 1995 wels gaixsna. is mdebareobs mdinare ilis (romelic The Human Rights Building mTel strasburgs kveTs) sanapiroze. The Human Rights building was designed by the British architect, Richard Rog- Senobis fasadi Sedgeba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos cilindruli formis ori palatisagan. ers. His main aim was to produce a building along resolutely contemporary and symbolic lines, associating the idea of justice with the principle of transparency. es koSkiseburi konstruqciebi Senobis or ZiriTad nawils erTmaneTTan akavSirebs. The facade of the building evokes the scales of Justice. erTi nawili foladis momrgvalebuli detalebiT, SuSiTa da qviT gawyobili sazogadoebrivi adgilia, meore ki martivi da sada interieris mqone saofise Inaugurated in June 1995, the Human Rights Building curves alongside the Ill, the teritoriaa. river that fl ows through Strasbourg. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo mudmivmoqmedi da damoukidebeli organoa, The front of the building is formed by the two cylindrical chambers of the European romelic meTvalyureobas uwevs adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis aRsrule- Court of Human Rights. bas da uzrunvelyofs 800 milioni moqalaqis ZiriTad uflebaTa dacvas. amdenad, sasamarTlo zesaxelmwifoebrivi organos statusiT sargeblobs da mas mimarTaven These towering structures stand as a link between two main sections: the public adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis mizniT. areas, comprising circular elements of metal, glass and Vosges sandstone, and axalgazrdobis evropuli centri the offi ce area, simple and sober. The European Court of Human Rights is the permanent judicial body responsible axalgazrdobis centri mwvaneSi Cafluli sportuli kompleqsis teritoriaze, evropis sabWosTan axlos mdebareobs. igi warmoadgens sacxovrebel, sawvrTnel da for supervising the application of the European Convention on Human Rights. The Sexvedrebis adgils evropis wamyvani axalgazrduli organizaciebisaTvis. Court is an independent body that guarantees the fundamental rights of 800 mil- lion citizens, who thus have a supranational organ to apply to in order to protect centri 1972 wels Camoyalibda da mas Semdeg sxvadasxva profesiis 30 000-ze met axalgazrdas umaspinZla da xeli Seuwyo saswavlo sesiebis, seminarebis, treiningis their rights and freedoms. programebis, simpoziumebis momzadebaSi. am RonisZiebebs saganmanaTleblo da teqni- The European Youth Centre kuri daxmarebis eqspertTa jgufebi xelmZRvanelobdnen. evropis audiovizualuri observatoria is surrounded by greenery in an area of sports facilities close to the Council of Europe. It is a residential international training and meeting centre for the leaders observatoria daarsda 1992 wels. Senoba, romelSic observatoriaa ganTavsebuli, of European youth organisations. mdebareobs evropis sabWos Stabbinidan odnav moSorebiT, imave quCaze. observatoriis samuSao oTaxebi ganlagebulia vila SuTcenbergeris pirvel sarTulze, robertsos Since it was created In 1972, the centre has played host to over 30,000 young xeivnis 76-Si, sadac aseve mdebareobs strasburgis presklubi. es Senoba strasburgSi people from all backgrounds in organising study sessions, seminars, training ~art nuvos~ stilis erT-erT TvalsaCino magaliTs warmoadgens. courses and symposia run by a team of tutors giving educational and technical evropis audiovizualuri observatoria warmoadgens evropaSi audiovizualuri assistance. industriis Sesaxeb informaciis mopovebisa da gavrcelebis mizniT Seqmnil uni- kalur centrs. The European Audiovisual Observatory evropuli farmakopea The observatory is a unique centre for the collection and dissemination of informa- tion about the audiovisual industry in Europe. The European Audiovisual Obser- Senoba, romelSic moTavsebulia farmacevtikis xarisxianobis evropuli direqtorati vatory is just down the road from the Council of Europe and was established in (evropuli farmakopea), mdebareobs ~evropuli ubnis~ farglebs gareT, strasburgis 1992. Its offi ces are on the fi rst fl oor of the Villa Schutzenberger, at 76, allée de la 2 mainaus raionSi. 1992 wlidan Senobas 5 000 m samuSao farTobi uWiravs. Robertsau, in a building also occupied by the Strasbourg press club. The building 1000-ze meti TanamSromeli muSaobs sxvadasxva laboratoriaSi. farmakopea erTaderTi is one of the city’s fi nest examples of “Art Nouveau” architecture. organoa medikamentebis mwarmoebelTa da laboratoriebisaTvis saerTaSoriso stan- dartebis dadgenisa da xarisxis kontrolis TvalsazrisiT. farmakopea gansazRvravs The European Audiovisual Observatory is a unique centre for the collection and wevri qveynebis mier medicinaSi dasanergav saerTo savaldebulo standartebs. dissemination of information about the audiovisual industry in Europe. evropuli simbolika The European Pharmacopoeia

evropis sabWos Tavisi daarsebis dRidan (1949 wels) gaTviTcnobierebuli hqonda, The building which houses the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines raoden aucilebeli iyo evropisaTvis garkveuli simbolos miniWeba misi macxovre- (the European Pharmacopoeia) is located outside the “European quarter”, in the blebis identificirebis mizniT. 1955 wlis 25 oqtombers saparlamento asambleam Meinau district of Strasbourg where it has occupied a 5 000 m2 building since emblemis saxiT erTxmad miiRo cisfer fonze gamosaxuli oqrosfer varskvlavTa 1992. wre, xolo 1955 wlis 8 dekembers ministrTa komitetma am emblemas evropuli droSis statusi mianiWa. About a hundred people work in the building, which contains a number of labo- evropis sabWos saparlamento asambleas araerTxel gamouTqvams survili, rom gaer- ratories. The Pharmacopoeia is the single reference point for manufacturers and Tianebul da demokratiul evropaSi moqmed organizaciaTa Soris solidarobis ideis quality control laboratories, guaranteeing the best possible quality of medicines. It ganmtkicebis mizniT, es simbolo sxva evropul organizaciebsac gaeTavisebinaT. lays down common, compulsory standards for application in all member states. am mowodebas gamoexmaura evroparlamenti (evrokavSiris saTaTbiro organo), romlis iniciativiT evropulma Tanamegobrobam (amJamad evrokavSiri) aRniSnuli simbolika Tavis droSad aRiara. 1979 wels, evropuli parlamentis sayovelTao kenWisyriT

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Catarebuli pirveli arCevnebis dasrulebidan mokle xanSi, mas gansaxilvelad gadaeca A laboratory at the European Pharmacopoeia simbolikis Sesaxeb rezoluciis proeqti. 1983 wlis aprilSi miRebuli gadaw- yvetilebiT evroparlamentma daadgina, rom Tanamegobrobis droSa gaxdeboda evropis The Pharmacopoeia is the single reference point for manufactures and quality sabWos mier 1955 wels miRebuli droSa. 1948 wels, fontenbloSi gamarTuli control laboratories, guaranteeing the best possible quality of medicines. It lays Sexvedrisas, evropulma sabWom (anu evrokavSiris ministrTa sabWom) gansakuTrebu- down common, compulsory standards for application in all member states. lad aRniSna evropel moqalaqeTa da msoflios TvalSi evropuli simbolikisa da TviTmyofadobis popularizaciis aucilebloba. 1985 wels, milanSi, evropuli sabWo Symbolic description daeTanxma saxalxo evropis komitetis (Adonnino Committee) winadadebas, droSa evropul Tanamegobrobasac mieRo. evropis sabWom Tanxmoba ganacxada imasTan dakav- Since its foundation in 1949, the Council of Europe has been aware of the need to SirebiT, rom mis mier 1955 wels miRebuli droSa Tanamegobrobasac gamoeyenebina. give Europe a symbol with which its inhabitants can identify. On 25 October 1955 evropuli Tanamegobroba am simboloTi 1986 wlidan sargeblobs. the Parliamentary Assembly made the unanimous decision to adopt a circle of gold amgvarad, evropuli droSa da emblema warmoadgens rogorc evropis sabWos, aseve stars on a blue background as an emblem. On 8 December 1955 the Committee evropul Tanamegobrobas (romelsac maastrixtis xelSekrulebis ZalaSi Sesvlidan of Ministers adopted this as the European fl ag. evrokavSiri daerqva). dRes es emblema erTiani evropisa da evropuli TviTmyofado- The Council of Europe’s Parliamentary Assembly repeatedly expressed the de- bis simbolod gvevlineba. sire that other European institutions should adopt the same symbol in order to evropis sabWom da evrokavSiris institutebma kmayofileba gamoxates im faqtiT, strengthen the idea of solidarity between the different organizations in a united rom evropis moqalaqeTa didma nawilma (da maTi raodenoba izrdeba) icis evropis and democratic Europe. droSisa da emblemis arseboba. evropis sabWo da evrokomisia movaleni arian, uzrun- velyon, rom yvelam, vinc am simbolos gamoiyenebs, pativi sces evropul droSasa da It was the European Parliament which took the initiative for a fl ag to be adopted emblemas, movaleni arian, agreTve, uzrunvelyon maTi araswori gamoyenebis aRkveTa. for the European Community. In 1979 a draft resolution was presented, shortly Tormeti varskvlavis istoria after the fi rst European elections held by universal suffrage. In a resolution ad- opted in April 1983 the Parliament decreed that the Community’s fl ag should be evropis droSis istoria gasuli saukunis 20-ani wlebidan iRebs saTaves. dRevandeli that adopted by the Council of Europe in 1955. The European Council, meeting droSis orma winamorbedma (graf kudenhove-kalergis pan-evropuli erTobis droSa at Fontainebleau in June 1984, stressed the importance of promoting the Euro- cisfer fonze, yviTel wreSi gamosaxuli wiTeli jvari da evropuli moZraobis pean image and identity in the eyes of its citizens and the world. Then, in Milan almis TeTr fonze datanebuli mwvane laTinuri anbanis aso `E~) ver daimsaxura in June 1985, it gave its approval to the proposal of the Committee on a People’s saTanado mowoneba. mas Semdeg droSis Tema miviwyebul iqna manam, sanam 1949 wels evropis sabWo ar gaxda evropis pirveli politikuri organizacia. Europe (Adonnino Committee) that a fl ag should be adopted by the Community. The Council of Europe agreed to the use by the Community of the European fl ag geometriuli aRweriloba that it had adopted in 1955 and Community institutions have been using it since emblemas aqvs marTkuTxedi cisferi droSis forma. droSis sigrZe 1,5-jer metia the beginning of 1986. siganeze. 12 oqrosferi varskvlavi ganlagebulia erTmaneTisgan zustad daSorebuli Thus the European fl ag and emblem represent both the Council of Europe and intervalebiT gamousaxavi wris garSemo, romlis centrsac warmoadgens marTkuTxe- the European Community (and the European Union, since the entry into force of dis diagonalTa kveTis adgili. wris radiusi utoldeba siganis sididis 1/3-s. the Maastricht Treaty). It has now become the symbol par excellence of united TiToeul varskvlavs aqvs qimis xuTi Tavi. varskvlavebi moTavsebulia gamousaxavi wris SigniT. wris radiusi udris siganis sididis 1/18-s. yvela varskvlavi sworad Europe and European identity. dgas, anu varskvlavis erTi qimi vertikaluria (aRmarTulia zemoT), xolo ori The Council of Europe and the institutions of the European Union have expressed qimi swor xazzea - marTi kuTxiT aris mimarTuli RerZisaken. satisfaction with the growing awareness of the European fl ag and emblem among wre gamosaxulia imgvarad, rom var- European citizens. The European Commission and the Council of Europe are skvlavebis ganlageba waagavs saaTis responsible for ensuring that all uses of this symbol respect the dignity of the ciferblatze ganlagebuli cifrebis European fl ag and emblem, and for taking whatever measures are necessary to Tanmimdevrobas. prevent misuse. ferebi How the twelve stars were born emblema Sedgeba Semdegi ferebisgan: 1/3 cisferi (PANTONE REFLEX BLUE) marT- The idea for a European fl ag dates from the early 1920s. The two main forerunners: kuTxedis fonisaTvis da yviTeli (PAN- Count Coudenhove-Kalergi’s Pan-European union fl ag, a yellow circle with a red TONE YELLOW) varskvlavebisaTvis. cross on a blue background, and the European Movement’s green E on a white background. Neither inspired much support and no serious attempt was made to promote the idea of fl ag until the Council of Europe became Europe’s fi rst offi cial political organization in 1949. Geometrical Description

The emblem is in the form of a blue rectangular fl ag of which the fl y is one and a half times the length of the hoist. The 12 gold stars situated at equal intervals form an undefi ned circle, of which the centre is the point of intersection of the diagonals of the rectangle. The radius of the circle is equal to one-third the height of the

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evropis sabWos Senoba strasburgSi 169

oTxi ZiriTadi feris gamoyeneba (CMYK)* hoist. Each of the stars has fi ve points which are situated on the circumference of an undefi ned circle of which the radius is equal to one-eighteenth the height of oTxi ZiriTadi feris gamoyenebisas xSirad ver xerxdeba ori standartuli feris the hoist. All stars are upright - that is to say, with one point vertical i.e. pointing miReba. am SemTxvevaSi maTi gamoyvana aucilebelia oTxfera kombinaciis ferebis meS- veobiT. magaliTad, yviTeli feris (PANTONE YELLOW) miReba xdeba 100% `ZiriTadi upwards, and two points in a straight line at right angles to the mast. yviTeli feris~** gamoyenebiT. 100%-iani `ZiriTadi cisferis~ da 80%-iani `ZiriTadi The circle is arranged so that the stars appear in the position of the hours on the wiTeli anilirebuli saRebavis~ areva iZleva priala cisferTan (PANTONE REFLEX face of a clock. Their number is invariable. BLUE) Zalze daaxloebul fers. gverdze gamosaxuli ori feri miRebulia oTxi feris zemoaRwerili proporciebiT damuSavebis gziT. Colours Sav-TeTri gamosaxva The emblem is in the following colours: PANTONE REFLEX BLUE for the surface Tu mxolod Sav-TeTri saRebaviT gamosaxvaa SesaZlebeli, marTkuTxedis konturebi of the rectangle; PANTONE YELLOW for the stars. The international PANTONE unda Seferaddes Savad da Savi varskvlavebi daidos TeTr fonze. range is very widely available Tu dabeWdva mxolod cisfrad (sasurvelia, priala cisfrad) aris SesaZlebeli, Four-colour process (CMYK) foni unda iyos 100%-iT cisferi, xolo varskvlavebi TeTri. araswori gamosaxva If the four-colour process is used, it is not always possible to use the two stan- dard colours. It is therefore necessary to recreate them by using the colours of 6 emblema Tavdayira dgas; the four-colour process. The Pantone yellow is obtained by using 100% ‘Process 6 varskvlavebi ar aris vertikalurad aRmarTuli; yellow’. Mixing 100% ‘Process cyan’ and 80% ‘Process magenta’ gives a colour very similar to the Pantone refl ex blue. The two colour samples, reproduced op- 6 varskvlavebi arasworad aris ganlagebuli wreSi: isini unda Seesabamebodes posite, are obtained by using the ‘Process’ colours of the four-colour process in saaTis ciferblatSi ricxvebis ganlagebas. the suggested proportions. Single-colour reproduction

If only black is available, the rectangle should be outlined in black and the stars should be black on a white background. If the only colour is blue (preferably refl ex blue), it should be printed at 100 % as background with the stars left in white. 1 2 3 Incorrect reproduction

6 The emblem is upside down. simbolikis gamoyeneba mesame mxareebis mier 6 The stars are not upright. moTxovnebi evrokavSiris arawevri qveynebidan unda gaigzavnos evropis sabWoSi [samarTlebriv saqmeTa generaluri direqtorati /Directorate General of Legal Affairs, F- 6 The stars are wrongly positioned in the circle: they must appear in the posi- 67075 Strasbourg Cedex, Fax: 33 (0)3 88 41 20 52/] tion of the hours on the face of a clock. moTxovnebs emblemis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb Rebuloben da ganixilaven evrokomisiis [direc- Use by third parties tion “Coordination I”, rue de la Loi 200, B-1049 Bruxelles] da evropis sabWos TanamSromlebi. Requests from non-member States of the European Union should be made to evropuli emblemis gamoyeneba SeiZleba nebadarTuli iqnes im SemTxvevaSi, Tu the Council of Europe [Directorate General of Legal Affairs, F-67075 Strasbourg 6 ar Seiqmneba gaurkvevloba momxmarebelsa da evrokavSirs an evropis sabWos Cedex, Fax 33 (0)3 88 41 20 52] . Soris; Staff of the European Commission [direction «Coordination I», rue de la Loi 200, 6 ar aris dakavSirebuli evrokavSirisa da evropis sabWos principebTan da B-1049 Bruxelles] and of the Council of Europe are available to examine proposed miznebTan Seusabamo amocanebTan an saqmianobasTan. uses of the emblem. evropuli simbolikis gamoyenebaze nebarTvis gacema ar gulisxmobs misi eqskluziuri moxmarebis uflebas. akrZalulia emblemis an msgavsi savaWro niSnisa da logotipis The use of the European emblem may be authorised only if it is not: miTviseba registraciis an raime sxva proceduris meSveobiT. 6 likely to create confusion between the user and the European Union or the Council of Europe; 6 linked to aims or activities incompatible with the principles and objectives of the European Union or the Council of Europe. * oTxi feri (cisferi-iasamnisferi-yviTeli-Savi, e.i. palitra) Authorisation to use the European emblem implies no right of exclusive use. It gamoiyeneba gamomcemlobebis mier. does not permit the appropriation of the emblem, or of any similar trade mark or ** mravaljeradi saRebavi, romelic sabeWd yalibebze gamoi- logo, whether by registration or by any other means. yeneba.

168 The Council of Europe in Strasbourg 170 171

171 evropis sabWos konvenciebi Council of Europe Treaties ETS* Riaa xel- ZalaSi dasaxeleba E. N. C. No. mosawerad Sesvla ETS* Opening of Entry into Title E. N. C. 001 evropis sabWos wesdeba 5/5/1949 3/8/1949 No. the treaty force SeTanxmeba evropis sabWos privilegiebisa da imunitetebis 002 2/9/1949 10/9/1952 001 Statute of the Council of Europe 5/5/1949 3/8/1949 Sesaxeb General Agreement on Privileges and Immunities of the Council of konvencia adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis 002 2/9/1949 10/9/1952 005 4/11/1950 3/9/1953 Europe Sesaxeb Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli 005 4/11/1950 3/9/1953 009 20/3/1952 18/5/1954 Freedoms konvenciis oqmi Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and evropis sabWos privilegiebze da imunitetebze generaluri 009 20/3/1952 18/5/1954 010 6/11/1952 11/7/1956 Fundamental Freedoms SeTanxmebis oqmi Protocol to the General Agreement on Privileges and Immunities of evropuli droebiTi SeTanxmeba moxucebis, invalidebisa da 010 6/11/1952 11/7/1956 012 11/12/1953 1/7/1954 X X the Council of Europe martoxelaTa socialuri usafrTxoebis gegmaze European Interim Agreement on Social Security Schemes Relating moxucebis, invalidebisa da martoxelaTa socialuri usafrTxoebis 012 11/12/1953 1/7/1954 X X 012A 11/12/1953 1/10/1954 X X to Old Age, Invalidity and Survivors gegmis evropuli droebiTi SeTanxmebis oqmi Protocol to the European Interim Agreement on Social Security evropuli droebiTi SeTanxmeba moxucebis, invalidebisa da 012A 11/12/1953 1/10/1954 X X 013 11/12/1953 1/7/1954 X X Schemes Relating to Old Age, Invalidity and Survivors martoxelaTa gegmis garda sxva saxis socialuri dacvis Sesaxeb European Interim Agreement on Social Security other than Schemes moxucebis, invalidebisa da martoxelaTa gegmis garda sxva saxis 013 11/12/1953 1/7/1954 X X 013A 11/12/1953 1/10/1954 X X for Old Age, Invalidity and Survivors socialuri dacvis Sesaxeb evropuli droebiTi SeTanxmebis oqmi Protocol to the European Interim Agreement on Social Security other evropuli konvencia socialuri da samedicino daxmarebis 013A 11/12/1953 1/10/1954 X X 014 11/12/1953 1/7/1954 X X than Schemes for Old Age, Invalidity and Survivors Sesaxeb socialuri da samedicino daxmarebis Sesaxeb evropuli 014 European Convention on Social and Medical Assistance 11/12/1953 1/7/1954 X X 014A 11/12/1953 1/7/1954 X X konvenciis oqmi Protocol to the European Convention on Social and Medical 014A 11/12/1953 1/7/1954 X X evropuli konvencia universitetebSi misaRebi diplomebis Assistance 015 11/12/1953 20/4/1954 X X eqvivalenturobis Sesaxeb European Convention on the Equivalence of Diplomas leading to 015 11/12/1953 20/4/1954 X X evropuli konvencia patentis moTxovnasTan dakavSirebuli Admission to Universities 016 11/12/1953 1/6/1955 X X formalobebis Sesaxeb European Convention relating to the Formalities required for Patent 016 11/12/1953 1/6/1955 X X evropuli konvencia gamogonebebis patentebis saerTaSoriso Applications 017 19/12/1954 1/8/1955 X X klasifikaciis Sesaxeb European Convention on the International Classifi cation of Patents 017 19/12/1954 1/8/1955 X X 018 evropis kulturuli konvencia 19/12/1954 5/5/1955 X for Inventions 019 evropuli konvencia dafuZnebis Sesaxeb 13/12/1955 23/2/1965 018 European Cultural Convention 19/12/1954 5/5/1955 X SeTanxmeba evropis sabWos wevr qveynebs Soris samedicino 019 European Convention on Establishment 13/12/1955 23/2/1965 020 13/12/1955 1/1/1956 X X daxmarebis mizniT omis invalidTa gacvlis Sesaxeb Agreement on the Exchange of War Cripples between Member evropuli konvencia sauniversiteto swavlis periodebis 020 Countries of the Council of Europe with a view to Medical 13/12/1955 1/1/1956 X X 021 15/12/1956 18/9/1957 X X eqvivalentobis Sesaxeb Treatment evropis sabWos privilegiebsa da imunitetebze generaluri European Convention on the Equivalence of Periods of University 022 15/12/1956 15/12/1956 021 15/12/1956 18/9/1957 X X SeTanxmebis meore damatebiTi oqmi Study 023 evropuli konvencia davaTa mSvidobiani gadawyvetis Sesaxeb 29/4/1957 30/4/1958 X X Second Protocol to the General Agreement on Privileges and 022 15/12/1956 15/12/1956 Immunities of the Council of Europe 024 evropuli konvencia eqstradiciis Sesaxeb 13/12/1957 18/4/1960 X X 023 European Convention for the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes 29/4/1957 30/4/1958 X X evropuli SeTanxmeba evropis sabWos wevr qveynebs Soris pirTa 025 13/12/1957 1/1/1958 X X gadaadgilebis maregulirebeli wesebis Sesaxeb 024 European Convention on Extradition 13/12/1957 18/4/1960 X X evropuli SeTanxmeba adamianuri warmoSobis Terapiuli European Agreement on Regulations governing the Movement of 026 15/12/1958 1/1/1959 X X X 025 13/12/1957 1/1/1958 X X nivTierebebis gacvlis Sesaxeb Persons between Member States of the Council of Europe evropuli SeTanxmeba satelevizio filmebis programebis gacvlis European Agreement on the Exchange of Therapeutic Substances 027 15/12/1958 1/7/1961 X X 026 15/12/1958 1/1/1959 X X X Sesaxeb of Human Origin evropis sabWos privilegiebisa da imunitetebze generaluri European Agreement concerning Programme Exchanges by means 028 6/3/1959 15/3/1963 027 15/12/1958 1/7/1961 X X SeTanxmebis mesame damatebiTi oqmi of Television Films evropuli konvencia samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobis winaaRmdeg Third Protocol to the General Agreement on Privileges and Immuni- 029 20/4/1959 22/9/1969 X X 028 6/3/1959 15/3/1963 avtosatransporto saSualebaTa savaldebulo dazRvevis Sesaxeb ties of the Council of Europe evropuli konvencia sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi European Convention on Compulsory Insurance against Civil Liability 030 20/4/1959 12/6/1962 X X 029 20/4/1959 22/9/1969 X X urTierTdaxmarebis Sesaxeb in respect of Motor Vehicles 031 evropuli SeTanxmeba devnilTa vizebis anulirebis Sesaxeb 20/4/1959 4/9/1960 X X 030 European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters 20/4/1959 12/6/1962 X X evropuli konvencia sauniversiteto kvalifikaciis akademiuri 032 14/12/1959 27/11/1961 X X 031 European Agreement on the Abolition of Visas for Refugees 20/4/1959 4/9/1960 X X aRiarebis Sesaxeb European Convention on the Academic Recognition of University 032 14/12/1959 27/11/1961 X X Qualifi cations

170 172 173

evropis sabWos konvenciebi 173

ETS* Riaa xel- ZalaSi ETS* Opening of Entry into dasaxeleba E. N. C. Title E. N. C. No. mosawerad Sesvla No. the treaty force SeTanxmeba droebiTi, riggareSe, samedicino, qirurgiuli da Agreement on the Temporary Importation, free of duty, of Medical, laboratoriuli mowyobilobebis importze gadasaxadebis gareSe Surgical and Laboratory Equipment for use on free loan in Hos- 033 28/4/1960 29/7/1960 X X X 033 28/4/1960 29/7/1960 X X X saavadmyofoebsa da sxva samedicino institutebSi diagnozisa da pitals and other Medical Institutions for purposes of Diagnosis or mkurnalobis mizniT gamoyenebis Sesaxeb Treatment 034 evropuli SeTanxmeba satelevizio gadacemebis dacvis Sesaxeb 22/6/1960 1/7/1961 034 European Agreement on the Protection of Television Broadcasts 22/6/1960 1/7/1961 035 evropis socialuri qartia 18/10/1961 26/2/1965 035 European Social Charter 18/10/1961 26/2/1965 evropis sabWos privilegiebisa da imunitetebis Sesaxeb generaluri Fourth Protocol to the General Agreement on Privileges and Immuni- 036 16/12/1961 16/12/1961 036 16/12/1961 16/12/1961 SeTanxmebis meoTxe damatebiTi oqmi ties of the Council of Europe evropuli SeTanxmeba evropis sabWos wevr qveynebs Soris 037 16/12/1961 17/1/1962 X X European Agreement on Travel by Young Persons on Collec- koleqtiuri pasportebiT axalgazrdaTa mgzavrobis Sesaxeb 037 tive Passports between the Member Countries of the Council of 16/12/1961 17/1/1962 X X evropuli SeTanxmeba samedicino daxmarebisa da klimaturi Europe 038 14/5/1962 15/6/1962 X X mowyobilobebis sferoSi urTierTdaxmarebis Sesaxeb European Agreement on Mutual Assistance in the matter of Special 038 14/5/1962 15/6/1962 X X evropuli SeTanxmeba sisxlis jgufebis dasadgeni reaqtivebis Medical Treatments and Climatic Facilities 039 14/5/1962 14/10/1962 X X X gacvlis Sesaxeb European Agreement on the Exchanges of Blood-Grouping 039 14/5/1962 14/10/1962 X X X evropis sabWos wevr saxelmwifoTa SeTanxmeba samxedro da samoqa- Reagents 040 laqo omis invalidebisaTvis saerTaSoriso vauCeris wignis gamoce- 17/12/1962 27/12/1963 X X Agreement between the Member States of the Council of Europe maze, protezebis SekeTebisa da orTopediuli daxmarebis mizniT on the issue to Military and Civilian War-Disabled of an Interna- 040 17/12/1962 27/12/1963 X X konvencia sastumros mepatroneTa pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb maTi tional Book of Vouchers for the repair of Prosthetic and Orthopaedic 041 17/12/1962 15/2/1967 X X stumrebis sakuTrebasTan dakavSirebiT Appliances saerTaSoriso savaWro arbitraJze evropuli SeTanxmebis Convention on the Liability of Hotel-keepers concerning the Property 042 17/12/1962 25/1/1965 X X 041 17/12/1962 15/2/1967 X X gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli SeTanxmeba of their Guests konvencia bipatridobis SemTxvevebis Semcirebisa da bipatridobis Agreement relating to Application of the European Convention on 043 6/5/1963 28/3/1968 X X 042 17/12/1962 25/1/1965 X X SemTxvevaSi samxedro valdebulebaTa Sesaxeb International Commercial Arbitration adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli Convention on the Reduction of Cases of Multiple Nationality and on 043 6/5/1963 28/3/1968 X X 044 konvenciis me-2 oqmi, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 6/5/1963 21/9/1970 Military Obligations in Cases of Multiple Nationality kompetenciis Sesaxeb warmoadginos sakonsultacio daskvna Protocol No. 2 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli 044 and Fundamental Freedoms, conferring upon the European Court of 6/5/1963 21/9/1970 045 konvenciis me-3 oqmi, konvenciis 29-e, 30-e da 34-e muxlebis 6/5/1963 21/9/1970 Human Rights competence to give advisory opinions Sesworebebis Sesaxeb Protocol No. 3 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli 045 and Fundamental Freedoms, amending Articles 29, 30 and 34 of 6/5/1963 21/9/1970 konvenciis oqmi № 4 rigi im uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacvis 046 16/9/1963 2/5/1968 the Convention Sesaxeb, romlebic ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli konvenciasa da mis Protocol No. 4 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights pirvel oqmSi and Fundamental Freedoms, securing certain rights and freedoms konvencia gamogonebis patentze specialuri kanonis garkveuli 046 16/9/1963 2/5/1968 047 27/11/1963 1/8/1980 X X other than those already included in the Convention and in the fi rst sakiTxebis unifikaciis Sesaxeb Protocol thereto 048 evropis socialuri dacvis kodeqsi 16/4/1964 17/3/1968 X X Convention on the Unifi cation of Certain Points of Substantive Law 047 27/11/1963 1/8/1980 X X 048A evropis socialuri dacvis kodeqsis oqmi 16/4/1964 17/3/1968 X X on Patents for Invention universitetebSi misaRebi diplomebis eqvivalenturobis Sesaxeb 048 European Code of Social Security 16/4/1964 17/3/1968 X X 049 3/6/1964 4/7/1964 X X evropuli konvenciis oqmi 048A Protocol to the European Code of Social Security 16/4/1964 17/3/1968 X X 050 evropuli farmakopeis SemuSavebis Sesaxeb konvencia 22/7/1964 8/5/1974 X X Protocol to the European Convention on the Equivalence of Diplomas 049 3/6/1964 4/7/1964 X X evropuli konvencia pirobiTi msjavrdebulebisa da pirobiT leading to Admission to Universities 051 30/11/1964 22/8/1975 X X gaTavisuflebuli damnaSaveebis zedamxedvelobis Sesaxeb 050 Convention on the Elaboration of a European Pharmacopoeia 22/7/1964 8/5/1974 X X evropuli konvencia sagzao-satransporto danaSaulTa dasjis European Convention on the Supervision of Conditionally Sentenced 052 30/11/1964 18/7/1972 X X 051 30/11/1964 22/8/1975 X X Sesaxeb or Conditionally Released Offenders evropuli SeTanxmeba erovnuli teritoriebis farglebs gareT 053 22/1/1965 19/10/1967 X X 052 European Convention on the Punishment of Road Traffi c Offences 30/11/1964 18/7/1972 X X arsebuli sadgurebidan satelevizio gadacemebis dacvis Sesaxeb European Agreement for the Prevention of Broadcasts transmitted satelevizio gadacemaTa dacvis Sesaxeb evropuli SeTanxmebis 053 22/1/1965 19/10/1967 X X 054 22/1/1965 24/3/1965 X X from Stations outside National Territories oqmi Protocol to the European Agreement on the Protection of Television adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evro- 054 22/1/1965 24/3/1965 X X Broadcasts 055 puli konvenciis me-5 oqmi, konvenciis 22-e da me-40 muxlebis 20/1/1966 20/12/1971 Sesworebebis Sesaxeb Protocol No. 5 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights 055 and Fundamental Freedoms, amending Articles 22 and 40 of the 20/1/1966 20/12/1971 evropuli konvencia unificirebuli saarbitro samarTlis 056 20/1/1966 X X Convention Sesaxeb 057 evropuli konvencia kompaniaTa dafuZnebis Sesaxeb 20/1/1966 056 European Convention providing a Uniform Law on Arbitration 20/1/1966 X X 058 evropuli konvencia Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb 24/4/1967 26/4/1968 X X 057 European Convention on Establishment of Companies 20/1/1966 059 evropuli SeTanxmeba eqTanTa momzadebisa da ganaTlebis Sesaxeb 25/10/1967 7/8/1969 X X 058 European Convention on the Adoption of Children 24/4/1967 26/4/1968 X X 060 evropuli konvencia ucxouri valutis valdebulebebis Sesaxeb 11/12/1967 X X 059 European Agreement on the Instruction and Education of Nurses 25/10/1967 7/8/1969 X X 060 European Convention on Foreign Money Liabilities 11/12/1967 X X

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evropis sabWos konvenciebi 175

ETS* Riaa xel- ZalaSi ETS* Opening of Entry into dasaxeleba E. N. C. Title E. N. C. No. mosawerad Sesvla No. the treaty force 061 evropuli konvencia sakonsulo funqciebis Sesaxeb 11/12/1967 X 061 European Convention on Consular Functions 11/12/1967 X sakonsulo funqciebis Sesaxeb evropuli konvenciis oqmi Protocol to the European Convention on Consular Functions concern- 061A 11/12/1967 X 061A 11/12/1967 X ltolvilTa dacvasTan dakavSirebiT ing the Protection of Refugees sakonsulo funqciebis Sesaxeb evropuli konvenciis oqmi Protocol to the European Convention on Consular Functions relating 061B 11/12/1967 X 061B 11/12/1967 X samoqalaqo aviaciasTan dakavSirebiT to Consular Functions in respect of Civil Aircraft evropuli konvencia ucxoeTis kanonmdeblobaze informaciis 062 7/6/1968 17/12/1969 X X 062 European Convention on Information on Foreign Law 7/6/1968 17/12/1969 X X Sesaxeb European Convention on the Abolition of Legalisation of Documents 063 7/6/1968 14/8/1970 X X evropuli konvencia diplomatiuri agentebis an sakonsulo executed by Diplomatic Agents or Consular Offi cers 063 moxeleebis mier gacemuli dokumentebis iuridiuli Zalis 7/6/1968 14/8/1970 X X European Agreement on the Restriction of the Use of certain gauqmebis Sesaxeb 064 16/9/1968 16/2/1971 X X Detergents in Washing and Cleaning Products evropuli SeTanxmeba sarecx da sawmend produqtebSi garkveuli 064 16/9/1968 16/2/1971 X X European Convention for the Protection of Animals during saxis nivTierebebis gamoyenebis akrZalvis Sesaxeb 065 13/12/1968 20/2/1971 X X X International Transport evropuli konvencia saerTaSoriso gadazidvebis dros cxovelTa 065 13/12/1968 20/2/1971 X X X European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological dacvis Sesaxeb 066 6/5/1969 20/11/1970 X X Heritage 066 evropuli konvencia arqeologiuri memkvidreobis dacvis Sesaxeb 6/5/1969 20/11/1970 X X European Agreement relating to Persons participating in Proceedings evropuli SeTanxmeba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli komisiis da 067 6/5/1969 17/4/1971 067 6/5/1969 17/4/1971 of the European Commission and Court of Human Rights sasamarTlos samarTalwarmoebaSi monawile pirebis Sesaxeb 068 European Agreement on Au Pair Placement 24/11/1969 30/5/1971 X X 068 evropuli SeTanxmeba momvlelTa gamwesebis Sesaxeb 24/11/1969 30/5/1971 X X European Agreement on continued Payment of Scholarships to evropuli SeTanxmeba sazRvargareT myofi studentebis stipendiebis 069 12/12/1969 2/10/1971 X X 069 12/12/1969 2/10/1971 X X students studying abroad gadaxdis gagrZelebis Sesaxeb European Convention on the International Validity of Criminal evropuli konvencia sisxlis samarTlis ganaCenTa saerTaSoriso 070 28/5/1970 26/7/1974 X X 070 28/5/1970 26/7/1974 X X Judgments aRiarebis Sesaxeb 071 European Convention on the Repatriation of Minors 28/5/1970 X X 071 evropuli konvencia umciresobaTa repatriaciis Sesaxeb 28/5/1970 X X Convention relating to Stops on Bearer Securities in International konvencia saerTaSoriso mimoqcevaSi arsebuli fasiani qaRaldebis 072 28/5/1970 11/2/1979 X X 072 28/5/1970 11/2/1979 X X Circulation moqmedebis SezRudvis Sesaxeb European Convention on the Transfer of Proceedings in Criminal evropuli konvencia sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze gamoZiebis 073 15/5/1972 30/3/1978 X X 073 15/5/1972 30/3/1978 X X Matters gadacemis Sesaxeb 074 European Convention on State Immunity 16/5/1972 11/6/1976 X X 074 evropuli konvencia saxelmwifo imunitetis Sesaxeb 16/5/1972 11/6/1976 X X 074A Additional Protocol to the European Convention on State Immunity 16/5/1972 22/5/1985 X X saxelmwifo imunitetebis Sesaxeb evropuli konvenciis damatebiTi 074A 16/5/1972 22/5/1985 X X oqmi European Convention on the Place of Payment of Money 075 16/5/1972 X X 075 evropuli konvencia fuladi valdebulebebis Sesaxeb 16/5/1972 X X Liabilities 076 evropuli konvencia drois limitis gamoTvlis Sesaxeb 16/5/1972 28/4/1983 X X 076 European Convention on the Calculation of Time-Limits. 16/5/1972 28/4/1983 X X Convention on the Establishment of a Scheme of Registration of 077 konvencia anderZTa registraciis sqemis dafuZnebis Sesaxeb 16/5/1972 20/3/1976 X X 077 16/5/1972 20/3/1976 X X Wills 078 evropuli konvencia socialuri dacvis Sesaxeb 14/12/1972 1/3/1977 X X 078 European Convention on Social Security 14/12/1972 1/3/1977 X X damatebiTi SeTanxmeba socialuri dacvis evropuli konvenciis 078A 14/12/1972 1/3/1977 X X Supplementary Agreement for the Application of the European gamoyenebis Sesaxeb 078A 14/12/1972 1/3/1977 X X Convention on Social Security evropuli konvencia avtosatransporto saSualebaTa mier miyenebul 079 14/5/1973 X X European Convention on Civil Liability for Damage caused by zianze samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb 079 14/5/1973 X X Motor Vehicles 080 SeTanxmeba gvamebis gadaadgilebis Sesaxeb 26/10/1973 11/11/1975 X X 080 Agreement on the Transfer of Corpses 26/10/1973 11/11/1975 X X telemauwyeblobis dacvis Sesaxeb evropuli SeTanxmebis oqmis 081 14/1/1974 31/12/1974 X X Additional Protocol to the Protocol to the European Agreement on damatebiTi oqmi 081 14/1/1974 31/12/1974 X X the Protection of Television Broadcasts evropuli konvencia kacobriobis winaSe danaSaulisa da omis 082 25/1/1974 27/6/2003 X X European Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitation danaSaulisaTvis dadgenili SezRudvebis gamouyeneblobis Sesaxeb 082 25/1/1974 27/6/2003 X X to Crimes against Humanity and War Crimes 083 evropuli konvencia fermerebis socialuri dacvis Sesaxeb 6/5/1974 17/6/1977 X X 083 European Convention on the Social Protection of Farmers 6/5/1974 17/6/1977 X X damatebiTi SeTanxmeba ferTa mixedviT dajgufebuli qsovilebis 084 17/9/1974 23/4/1977 X X X gacvlaze 084 European Agreement on the Exchange of Tissue-Typing Reagents 17/9/1974 23/4/1977 X X X evropuli konvencia qorwinebis gareSe dabadebul bavSvTa European Convention on the Legal Status of Children born out of 085 15/10/1975 11/8/1978 X X 085 15/10/1975 11/8/1978 X X samarTlebrivi statusis Sesaxeb Wedlock 086 eqstradiciis Sesaxeb evropuli konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi 15/10/1975 20/8/1979 X X 086 Additional Protocol to the European Convention on Extradition 15/10/1975 20/8/1979 X X evropuli konvencia soflis meurneobis miznebisaTvis cxovelTa European Convention for the Protection of Animals kept for 087 10/3/1976 10/9/1978 X X X 087 10/3/1976 10/9/1978 X X X dacvis Sesaxeb Farming Purposes evropuli konvencia satransporto saSualebis marTvis uflebis European Convention on the International Effects of Deprivation of 088 3/6/1976 28/4/1983 X X 088 3/6/1976 28/4/1983 X X CamorTmevis saerTaSoriso Sedegebis Sesaxeb the Right to Drive a Motor Vehicle ferTa mixedviT dajgufebuli qsovilebis gacvlaze evropuli Additional Protocol to the European Agreement on the Exchange of 089 24/6/1976 23/4/1977 X X X 089 24/6/1976 23/4/1977 X X X SeTanxmebis damatebiTi oqmi Tissue-Typing Reagents 090 evropuli konvencia terorizmis aRkveTis Sesaxeb 27/1/1977 4/8/1978 090 European Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism 27/1/1977 4/8/1978

174 Council of Europe Treaties 176 177

evropis sabWos konvenciebi 177

ETS* Riaa xel- ZalaSi ETS* Opening of Entry into dasaxeleba E. N. C. Title E. N. C. No. mosawerad Sesvla No. the treaty force evropuli konvencia produqtebze pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb European Convention on Products Liability in regard to Personal 091 27/1/1977 X X 091 27/1/1977 X X personaluri dazianebisa da sikvdilis dros Injury and Death damatebiTi SeTanxmeba samarTlebrivi daxmarebis Txovnis gadacemis European Agreement on the Transmission of Applications for Legal 092 27/1/1977 28/2/1977 X X 092 27/1/1977 28/2/1977 X X Sesaxeb Aid evropuli konvencia migranti muSebis samarTlebrivi statusis 093 24/11/1977 1/5/1983 093 European Convention on the Legal Status of Migrant Workers 24/11/1977 1/5/1983 Sesaxeb European Convention on the Service Abroad of Documents relating evropuli konvencia administraciul saqmeebTan dakavSirebuli 094 24/11/1977 1/11/1982 X X 094 24/11/1977 1/11/1982 X X to Administrative Matters dokumentebis sazRvargareT momsaxurebis Sesaxeb Protocol amending the Convention on the Reduction of Cases of mravali qveynis moqalaqeobis SemTxvevebis Semcirebaze da mravali 095 Multiple Nationality and Military Obligations in Cases of Multiple 24/11/1977 8/9/1978 X X 095 qveynis moqalaqeobis SemTxvevaSi samxedro valdebulebebis Sesaxeb 24/11/1977 8/9/1978 X X Nationality konvenciis Semsworebeli oqmi Additional Protocol to the Convention on the Reduction of Cases mravali qveynis moqalaqeobis SemTxvevebis Semcirebaze da mravali 096 of Multiple Nationality and Military Obligations in Cases of Multiple 24/11/1977 17/10/1983 X X 096 qveynis moqalaqeobis SemTxvevaSi samxedro valdebulebebis Sesaxeb 24/11/1977 17/10/1983 X X Nationality konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi Additional Protocol to the European Convention on Information on ucxoeTis kanonmdeblobaze informaciis Sesaxeb evropuli 097 15/3/1978 31/8/1979 X X 097 15/3/1978 31/8/1979 X X Foreign Law konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi Second Additional Protocol to the European Convention on eqstradiciis Sesaxeb evropuli konvenciis meore damatebiTi 098 17/3/1978 5/6/1983 X X 098 17/3/1978 5/6/1983 X X Extradition oqmi Additional Protocol to the European Convention on Mutual Assistance sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze urTierTdaxmarebis Sesaxeb evropuli 099 17/3/1978 12/4/1982 X X 099 17/3/1978 12/4/1982 X X in Criminal Matters konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi European Convention on the Obtaining Abroad of Information and evropuli konvencia administraciul sakiTxebze informaciisa da 100 15/3/1978 1/1/1983 X X 100 15/3/1978 1/1/1983 X X Evidence in Administrative Matters mtkicebulebebis sazRvargareT mopovebis Sesaxeb European Convention on the Control of the Acquisition and evropuli konvencia pirTa mier cecxlsasroli iaraRis SeZenisa 101 28/6/1978 1/7/1982 X X 101 28/6/1978 1/7/1982 X X Possession of Firearms by Individuals da flobis kontrolis Sesaxeb 102 European Convention for the Protection of Animals for Slaughter 10/5/1979 11/6/1982 X X X 102 evropuli konvencia cxovelebis daxocvisagan dacvis Sesaxeb 10/5/1979 11/6/1982 X X X Additional Protocol to the European Convention for the Protection evropuli konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi cxovelebis dacvis Sesaxeb 103 10/5/1979 7/11/1989 X X X 103 10/5/1979 7/11/1989 X X X of Animals during International Transport saerTaSoriso transportirebis dros konvencia evropis gareuli samyarosa da bunebis binadarTa Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural 104 19/9/1979 1/6/1982 X X X 104 19/9/1979 1/6/1982 X X X SenarCunebis Sesaxeb Habitats evropuli konvencia bavSvTa meurveobasTan mimarTebaSi European Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Decisions 105 gadawyvetilebebisa da bavSvTa meurveobis gauqmebis cnobisa da 20/5/1980 1/9/1983 X X 105 concerning Custody of Children and on Restoration of Custody of 20/5/1980 1/9/1983 X X ZalaSi Sesvlis Sesaxeb Children European Outline Convention on Transfrontier Co-operation between administraciul teritoriul erTeulebs an xelisuflebis 106 21/5/1980 22/12/1981 X 106 organoebs Soris transsasazRvro TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb 21/5/1980 22/12/1981 X Territorial Communities or Authorities saxelmZRvanelo evropuli konvencia 107 European Agreement on Transfer of Responsibility for Refugees 16/10/1980 1/12/1980 X X evropuli SeTanxmeba ltolvilebze pasuxismgeblobis gadacemis Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic 107 16/10/1980 1/12/1980 X X 108 28/1/1981 1/10/1985 X X Sesaxeb Processing of Personal Data konvencia pirTa dacvis Sesaxeb personaluri monacemebis Additional Protocol to the European Agreement on the Exchange of 108 28/1/1981 1/10/1985 X X 109 1/1/1983 1/1/1985 X X avtomaturi damuSavebisas Therapeutic Substances of Human Origin evropuli SeTanxmebis damatebiTi oqmi adamianis organoebis 109 1/1/1983 1/1/1985 X X Additional Protocol to the Agreement on the Temporary Importation, Terapiuli nivTierebebis gacvlis Sesaxeb free of duty, of Medical, Surgical and Laboratory Equipment for Use 110 1/1/1983 1/1/1985 X X samedicino, qirurgiuli da laboratoriuli mowyobilobebis on free loan in Hospitals and other Medical Institutions for Purposes importze gadasaxadebis gareSe saavadmyofoebsa da sxva samedicino of Diagnosis or Treatment 110 1/1/1983 1/1/1985 X X institutebSi diagnozisa da mkurnalobis mizniT gamoyenebis Sesaxeb Additional Protocol to the European Agreement on the Exchanges 111 1/1/1983 1/1/1985 X X droebiTi SeTanxmebis damatebiTi oqmi of Blood-Grouping Reagents sisxlis jgufebis dasadgeni reaqtivebis gacvlis Sesaxeb evropuli 111 1/1/1983 1/1/1985 X X 112 Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons 21/3/1983 1/7/1985 X X SeTanxmebis damatebiTi oqmi Additional Protocol to the Protocol to the European Agreement on 112 evropuli konvencia msjavrdebul pirTa gadacemis Sesaxeb 21/3/1983 1/7/1985 X X 113 21/3/1983 1/1/1985 X X the Protection of Television Broadcasts telemauwyeblobis dacvis Sesaxeb evropuli SeTanxmebis oqmze 113 21/3/1983 1/1/1985 X X Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights damatebiTi oqmi 114 and Fundamental Freedoms concerning the Abolition of the Death 28/4/1983 1/3/1985 adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli 114 28/4/1983 1/3/1985 Penalty konvenciis oqmi № 6 sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebasTan dakavSirebiT Protocol amending the European Agreement on the Restriction of the 115 25/10/1983 1/11/1984 X X sarecx da sawmend produqtebSi garkveuli saxis nivTierebebis Use of certain Detergents in Washing and Cleaning Products 115 gamoyenebis akrZalvis Sesaxeb evropuli SeTanxmebis Semsworebeli 25/10/1983 1/11/1984 X X European Convention on the Compensation of Victims of Violent oqmi 116 24/11/1983 1/2/1988 X X Crimes evropuli konvencia Zaladobrivi danaSauliT dazaralebulTa 116 24/11/1983 1/2/1988 X X Protocol No. 7 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights kompensaciis Sesaxeb 117 22/11/1984 1/11/1988 and Fundamental Freedoms adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli 117 22/11/1984 1/11/1988 konvenciis oqmi № 7

176 Council of Europe Treaties 178 179

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ETS* Riaa xel- ZalaSi ETS* Opening of Entry into dasaxeleba E. N. C. Title E. N. C. No. mosawerad Sesvla No. the treaty force adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli Protocol No. 8 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights 118 19/3/1985 1/1/1990 118 19/3/1985 1/1/1990 konvenciis oqmi № 8 and Fundamental Freedoms evropuli konvencia kulturul sakuTrebasTan dakavSirebuli 119 European Convention on Offences relating to Cultural Property 23/6/1985 X X 119 23/6/1985 X X danaSaulebis Sesaxeb European Convention on Spectator Violence and Misbehaviour at 120 19/8/1985 1/11/1985 X X evropuli konvencia sportuli Sejubrebebisa da gansakuTrebiT Sports Events and in particular at Football Matches 120 safexburTo matCebze mayureblis mier gamovlenili Zaladobis da 19/8/1985 1/11/1985 X X Convention for the Protection of the Architectural Heritage of arasaTanado qcevis Sesaxeb 121 3/10/1985 1/12/1987 X X X Europe 121 konvencia evropis arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis dacvis Sesaxeb 3/10/1985 1/12/1987 X X X 122 European Charter of Local Self-Government 15/10/1985 1/9/1988 122 evropuli qartia adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb 15/10/1985 1/9/1988 European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used evropuli konvencia xerxemlian cxovelTa dacvis Sesaxeb, romlebic 123 18/3/1986 1/1/1991 X X X 123 18/3/1986 1/1/1991 X X X for Experimental and other Scientifi c Purposes gamoiyenebian eqsperimentebisa da samecniero miznebisaTvis European Convention on the Recognition of the Legal Personality evropuli konvencia saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebis 124 24/4/1986 1/1/1991 X X 124 24/4/1986 1/1/1991 X X of International Non-Governmental Organisations samarTalsubieqturobis aRiarebis Sesaxeb 125 European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals 13/11/1987 1/5/1992 X X 125 evropuli konvencia Sinaur cxovelTa dacvis Sesaxeb 13/11/1987 1/5/1992 X X European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or wamebisa da araadamianuri an damamcirebeli mopyrobis an dasjis 126 26/11/1987 1/2/1989 X X 126 26/11/1987 1/2/1989 X X Degrading Treatment or Punishment aRkveTis evropuli konvencia 127 Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters 25/1/1988 1/4/1995 X X konvencia sagadasaxado saqmeebSi administraciuli 127 25/1/1988 1/4/1995 X X urTierTdaxmarebis Sesaxeb 128 Additional Protocol to the European Social Charter 5/5/1988 4/9/1992 128 evropis socialuri qartiis damatebiTi oqmi 5/5/1988 4/9/1992 Arrangement for the Application of the European Agreement of 17 129 October 1980 concerning the Provision of Medical Care to Persons 26/5/1988 X 1980 wlis 17 oqtombris SeTanxmebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba, during Temporary Residence 129 romelic Seexeba droebiTi sacxovreblis mqone pirTa samedicino 26/5/1988 X uzrunvelyofas 130 Convention on Insider Trading 20/4/1989 1/10/1991 X X X Third Additional Protocol to the Protocol to the European Agreement 130 konvencia Sida vaWrobis Sesaxeb 20/4/1989 1/10/1991 X X X 131 20/4/1989 X X on the Protection of Television Broadcasts mesame damatebiTi oqmi evropuli SeTanxmebis oqmze 131 20/4/1989 X X telemauwyeblobis dacvis Sesaxeb 132 European Convention on Transfrontier Television 5/5/1989 1/5/1993 X X X 132 evropuli konvencia transsasazRvro televiziis Sesaxeb 5/5/1989 1/5/1993 X X X 133 Protocol to the Convention on Insider Trading 11/9/1989 1/10/1991 Protocol to the Convention on the Elaboration of a European 133 Sida vaWrobis Sesaxeb konvenciis oqmi 11/9/1989 1/10/1991 134 16/11/1989 1/11/1992 X X Pharmacopoeia 134 evropuli konvencia msjavrdebul pirTa gadacemis Sesaxeb 16/11/1989 1/11/1992 X X 135 Anti-Doping Convention 16/11/1989 1/3/1990 X X 135 dopingsawinaaRmdego konvencia 16/11/1989 1/3/1990 X X European Convention on Certain International Aspects of evropuli konvencia gakotrebis zogierTi saerTaSoriso aspeqtebis 136 5/6/1990 X X 136 5/6/1990 X X Bankruptcy Sesaxeb Fifth Protocol to the General Agreement on Privileges and Immunities evropis sabWos privilegiebisa da imunitetebis Sesaxeb generaluri 137 18/6/1990 1/11/1991 137 18/6/1990 1/11/1991 of the Council of Europe SeTanxmebis me-5 damatebiTi oqmi European Convention on the General Equivalence of Periods of evropuli konvencia universitetebSi swavlis xangrZlivobis 138 6/11/1990 1/1/1991 X X X 138 6/11/1990 1/1/1991 X X X University Study eqvivalentobis Sesaxeb 139 socialuri dacvis evropuli kodeqsi (Sesworebuli) 6/11/1990 X X X 139 European Code of Social Security (Revised) 6/11/1990 X X X adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli Protocol No. 9 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights 140 6/11/1990 1/10/1994 140 6/11/1990 1/10/1994 konvenciis me-9 oqmi and Fundamental Freedoms Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confi scation of the konvencia fulis gaTeTrebis, danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis Sedegad 141 8/11/1990 1/9/1993 X X 141 mopovebuli Semosavlebis moZiebis, amoRebis da konfiskaciis 8/11/1990 1/9/1993 X X Proceeds from Crime Sesaxeb 142 Protocol amending the European Social Charter 21/10/1991 142 evropis socialur qartiaSi Sesworebebis Semtani oqmi 21/10/1991 European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological 143 16/1/1992 25/5/1995 X X X arqeologiuri memkvidreobis dacvis evropuli konvencia Heritage (Revised) 143 16/1/1992 25/5/1995 X X X (Sesworebuli) Convention on the Participation of Foreigners in Public Life at 144 5/2/1992 1/5/1997 X X konvencia ucxoelTa sazogadoebriv cxovrebasa da adgilobriv Local Level 144 5/2/1992 1/5/1997 X X doneze monawileobis Sesaxeb Protocol of Amendment to the European Convention for the 145 6/2/1992 X X X soflis meurneobis miznebisaTvis cxovelTa dacvis Sesaxeb Protection of Animals kept for Farming Purposes 145 6/2/1992 X X X evropuli konvenciis Semsworebeli oqmi Protocol No. 10 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights 146 25/3/1992 adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli and Fundamental Freedoms 146 25/3/1992 konvenciis me-10 oqmi 147 European Convention on Cinematographic Co-Production 2/10/1992 1/4/1994 X X 147 evropuli konvencia kinematografiul koproduqciaze 2/10/1992 1/4/1994 X X 148 European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages 5/11/1992 1/3/1998 X X 148 evropuli qartia regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis Sesaxeb 5/11/1992 1/3/1998 X X Second Protocol amending the Convention on the Reduction of bipatridobis SemTxvevebis Semcirebisa da bipatridobis SemTxvevaSi 149 Cases of Multiple Nationality and Military Obligations in Cases of 2/2/1993 24/3/1995 X X 149 samxedro valdebulebaTa Sesaxeb konvenciis me-2 Semsworebeli 2/2/1993 24/3/1995 X X Multiple Nationality oqmi Convention on Civil Liability for Damage resulting from Activities 150 21/6/1993 X X X Dangerous to the Environment

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ETS* Riaa xel- ZalaSi ETS* Opening of Entry into dasaxeleba E. N. C. Title E. N. C. No. mosawerad Sesvla No. the treaty force konvencia garemosaTvis saSiSi saqmianobiT gamowveuli zianisaTvis Protocol No. 1 to the European Convention for the Prevention of 150 21/6/1993 X X X 151 4/11/1993 1/3/2002 samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment wamebisa da araadamianuri an damamcirebeli mopyrobis an dasjis Protocol No. 2 to the European Convention for the Prevention of 151 4/11/1993 1/3/2002 152 4/11/1993 1/3/2002 aRkveTis evropuli konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi № 1 Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment wamebisa da araadamianuri an damamcirebeli mopyrobis an dasjis 152 4/11/1993 1/3/2002 European Convention relating to questions on Copyright Law aRkveTis evropuli konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi № 2 153 and Neighbouring Rights in the Framework of Transfrontier 11/5/1994 X X evropuli konvencia satelitiT transsasazRvro mauwyeblobis Broadcasting by Satellite 153 sferoSi saavtoro samarTlisa da momijnave uflebebTan dakav- 11/5/1994 X X 154 Protocol to the European Convention on Social Security 11/5/1994 X X Sirebul sakiTxebze Protocol No. 11 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights 154 socialur usafrTxoebaze evropuli konvenciiis damatebiTi oqmi 11/5/1994 X X 155 and Fundamental Freedoms, restructuring the control machinery 11/5/1994 1/11/1998 adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evro- established thereby 155 puli konvenciis oqmi №11, kontrolis arsebuli meqanizmis 11/5/1994 1/11/1998 Agreement on illicit traffi c by sea, implementing Article 17 of the restruqturizaciis Sesaxeb 156 United Nations Convention against illicit traffi c in narcotic drugs and 31/1/1995 1/5/2000 X X gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis narkotikuli saSualebebisa da psychotropic substances fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis ukanono gadazidvis Sesaxeb konvenciis 156 31/1/1995 1/5/2000 X X 157 Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities 1/2/1995 1/2/1998 X X me-17 muxlis implementaciis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba zRviT narkotikuli Additional Protocol to the European Social Charter Providing for a nivTierebebis ukanonod gadazidvebis Sesaxeb 158 9/11/1995 1/7/1998 System of Collective Complaints 157 CarCo-konvencia erovnul umciresobaTa dacvis Sesaxeb 1/2/1995 1/2/1998 X X Additional Protocol to the European Outline Convention on evropis socialuri qartiis damatebiTi oqmi, romliTac 158 9/11/1995 1/7/1998 159 Transfrontier Co-operation between Territorial Communities or 9/11/1995 1/12/1998 X uzrunvelyofilia koleqtiuri saCivrebis sistema Authorities administraciul teritoriul erTeulebs an xelisuflebis orga- 160 European Convention on the Exercise of Children’s Rights 25/1/1996 1/7/2000 X X X 159 noebs Soris transsasazRvro TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb saxelmZR- 9/11/1995 1/12/1998 X European Agreement relating to persons participating in proceedings vanelo evropuli konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi 161 5/3/1996 1/1/1999 of the European Court of Human Rights 160 evropuli konvencia bavSvTa uflebebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb 25/1/1996 1/7/2000 X X X Sixth Protocol to the General Agreement on Privileges and evropuli SeTanxmeba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 162 5/3/1996 1/11/1998 161 5/3/1996 1/1/1999 Immunities of the Council of Europe saqmis warmoebaSi monawile pirTa Sesaxeb 163 European Social Charter (revised) 3/5/1996 1/7/1999 evropis sabWos privilegiebze da imunitetebze generaluri 162 5/3/1996 1/11/1998 SeTanxmebis me-6 oqmi Convention for the protection of Human Rights and dignity of the 164 human being with regard to the application of biology and medicine: 4/4/1997 1/12/1999 X X X 163 evropis socialuri qartia (Sesworebuli) 3/5/1996 1/7/1999 Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine konvencia biologiasa da medicinaSi adamianis uflebebis da Convention on the Recognition of Qualifi cations concerning Higher 164 Rirsebis dacvis Sesaxeb: konvencia adamianis uflebebisa da 4/4/1997 1/12/1999 X X X 165 11/4/1997 1/2/1999 X X X Education in the European Region biomedicinis Sesaxeb 166 European Convention on Nationality 6/11/1997 1/3/2000 X X evropis regionSi umaRles ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli 165 11/4/1997 1/2/1999 X X X kvalifikaciebis cnobis konvencia Additional Protocol to the Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced 167 18/12/1997 1/6/2000 X X 166 evropuli konvencia moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb 6/11/1997 1/3/2000 X X Persons 167 msjavrdebul pirTa gadacemis Sesaxeb konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi 18/12/1997 1/6/2000 X X Additional Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the Applica- 168 12/1/1998 1/3/2001 X X X biologiasa da medicinaSi adamianis uflebebis da Rirsebis dac- tion of Biology and Medicine, on the Prohibition of Cloning Human 168 vis konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi adamianis klonirebis akrZalvis 12/1/1998 1/3/2001 X X X Beings Sesaxeb Protocol No. 2 to the European Outline Convention on Transfron- administraciul teritoriul erTeulebsa da xelisuflebis 169 tier Co-operation between Territorial Communities or Authorities 5/5/1998 1/2/2001 X 169 organoebs Soris transsasazRvro TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb 5/5/1998 1/2/2001 X concerning interterritorial co-operation saxelmZRvanelo evropuli konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi No. 2 Protocol of Amendment to the European Convention for the Protec- eqsperimentebis an samecniero miznebisaTvis gamoyenebuli 170 tion of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and other Scientifi c 22/6/1998 X X X 170 xerxemliani cxovelebis dacvis Sesaxeb evropuli konvenciis 22/6/1998 X X X Purposes Semsworebeli oqmi Protocol amending the European Convention on Transfrontier transasazRvro televiziis Sesaxeb evropuli konvenciis 171 1/10/1998 1/3/2002 X X X 171 1/10/1998 1/3/2002 X X X Television Semsworebeli oqmi Convention on the Protection of Environment through Criminal 172 4/11/1998 X X 172 sisxlis samarTlis meSveobiT garemos dacvis Sesaxeb konvencia 4/11/1998 X X Law 173 sisxlis samarTlis konvencia korufciaze 27/1/1999 1/7/2002 X X X 173 Criminal Law Convention on Corruption 27/1/1999 1/7/2002 X X X 174 samoqalaqo samarTlis konvencia korufciaze 4/11/1999 1/11/2003 X X X 174 Civil Law Convention on Corruption 4/11/1999 1/11/2003 X X X evropuli konvencia axalgazrdebisaTvis transnacionaluri 175 11/5/2000 X European Convention on the Promotion of a Transnational Long-Term 175 11/5/2000 X grZelvadiani nebayoflobiTi samsaxuris waxalisebis Sesaxeb Voluntary Service for Young People 176 evropis landSaftebis konvencia 20/10/2000 1/3/2004 X 176 European Landscape Convention 20/10/2000 1/3/2004 X adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli 177 4/11/2000 1/4/2005 Protocol No. 12 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights konvenciis oqmi № 12 177 4/11/2000 1/4/2005 and Fundamental Freedoms evropuli konvencia pirobiT xelmisawvdomobaze dafuZnebuli an 178 24/1/2001 1/7/2003 X X X European Convention on the Legal Protection of Services based on, mis Semcvel momsaxurebaTa samarTlebrivi dacvis Sesaxeb 178 24/1/2001 1/7/2003 X X X or consisting of, Conditional Access

180 Council of Europe Treaties 182 183

evropis sabWos konvenciebi 183

ETS* Riaa xel- ZalaSi ETS* Opening of Entry into dasaxeleba E. N. C. Title E. N. C. No. mosawerad Sesvla No. the treaty force damatebiTi oqmi evropul SeTanxmebaze samarTlebrivi daxmarebis Additional Protocol to the European Agreement on the Transmission 179 4/10/2001 1/9/2002 X X 179 4/10/2001 1/9/2002 X X Txovnis gadacemis Sesaxeb of Applications for Legal Aid konvencia informaciisa da samarTlebrivi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb Convention on Information and Legal Co-operation concerning 180 4/10/2001 X X X 180 4/10/2001 X X X `sainformacio sazogadoebis momsaxurebaTa~ mimarTebaSi “Information Society Services” pirTa dacvis Sesaxeb personaluri monacemebis avtomaturi Additional Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Individu- 181 damuSavebisas konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi meTvalyure organoTa da 8/11/2001 1/7/2004 X X X 181 als with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data, regarding 8/11/2001 1/7/2004 X X X sazRvrebs miRma monacemTa mimoqcevasTan mimarTebaSi supervisory authorities and transborder data fl ows sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi urTierTdaxmarebis Sesaxeb evropuli Second Additional Protocol to the European Convention on Mutual 182 8/11/2001 1/2/2004 X X 182 8/11/2001 1/2/2004 X X konvenciis me-2 damatebiTi oqmi Assistance in Criminal Matters 183 evropuli konvencia audiovizualuri memkvidreobis dacvis Sesaxeb 8/11/2001 X X X European Convention for the protection of the Audiovisual 183 8/11/2001 X X X audiovizualuri memkvidreobis dacvis Sesaxeb evropuli konvenciis Heritage 184 8/11/2001 X X X oqmi satelevizio produqciaTa dacvaze Protocol to the European Convention on the protection of the 184 8/11/2001 X X X 185 konvencia kiberdanaSaulze 23/11/2001 1/7/2004 X X Audiovisual Heritage, on the protection of Television Productions biologiasa da medicinaSi adamianis uflebebis da Rirsebis 185 Convention on Cybercrime 23/11/2001 1/7/2004 X X 186 dacvis konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi adamianis organoTa da adamianuri 24/1/2002 X X X Additional Protocol to the Convention on Human Rights and Bio- warmoSobis qsovilebis gadanergvis Sesaxeb. 186 medicine concerning Transplantation of Organs and Tissues of 24/1/2002 X X X adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis konvenciis Human Origin 187 oqmi № 13, nebismier pirobebSi sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebis 3/5/2002 1/7/2003 Protocol No. 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights Sesaxeb 187 and Fundamental Freedoms, concerning the abolition of the death 3/5/2002 1/7/2003 188 dopingsawinaaRmdego konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi 12/9/2002 1/4/2004 X X penalty in all circumstances kiber-danaSaulze konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi, kompiuteruli 188 Additional Protocol to the Anti-Doping Convention 12/9/2002 1/4/2004 X X 189 sistemebis meSveobiT Cadenili rasistuli da qsenofobiuri 28/1/2003 X X Additional Protocol to the Convention on cybercrime, concerning the xasiaTis qmedebaTa kriminalizaciis Sesaxeb 189 criminalisation of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed 28/1/2003 X X terorizmis winaaRmdeg brZolis evropuli konvenciis through computer systems 190 15/5/2003 Semsworebeli oqmi Protocol amending the European Convention on the Suppression 190 15/5/2003 191 korufciaze sisxlis samarTlis konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi 15/5/2003 1/2/2005 X X X of Terrorism 192 konvencia bavSvebTan kontaqtis Sesaxeb 15/5/2003 1/9/2005 X X X 191 Additional Protocol to the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption 15/5/2003 1/2/2005 X X X evropuli konvencia cxovelebis dacvis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso 192 Convention on Contact concerning Children 15/5/2003 1/9/2005 X X X 193 6/11/2003 X X X transportirebis dros (ganaxlebuli) European Convention for the Protection of Animals during Interna- 193 6/11/2003 X X X adamianis uflebebisa da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebis dacvis konven- tional Transport (Revised) 194 ciis oqmi 14, konvenciis sazedamxedvelo sistemaSi Sesworebebis 13/5/2004 Protocol No. 14 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Setanis Sesaxeb 194 Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, amending the control system 13/5/2004 biologiasa da medicinaSi adamianis uflebebis da Rirsebis dacvis 195 25/1/2005 X X X of the Convention konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi biosamedicino kvlevebis Sesaxeb Additional Protocol to the Convention on Human Rights and 195 25/1/2005 X X X 196 evropis sabWos konvencia terorizmis Tavidan acilebis Sesaxeb 16/5/2005 X X X Biomedicine, concerning Biomedical Research evropis sabWos konvencia adamianebiT ukanono vaWrobis 196 Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism 16/5/2005 X X X 197 16/5/2005 X X X sawinaaRmdego qmedebebis Sesaxeb Council of Europe Convention on Action against Traffi cking in 197 16/5/2005 X X X evropis sabWos konvencia fulis gaTeTrebis, danaSau- Human Beings 198 lebrivi saqmianobis Sedegad mopovebuli Semosavlebis da 16/5/2005 X X X Council of Europe Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and terorizmis dafinansebis Sesaxeb 198 Confi scation of the Proceeds from Crime and on the Financing of 16/5/2005 X X X Terrorism SeniSvnebi: konvenciebi da SeTanxmebebi misaerTeblad Riaa evropis sabWos wevri qveynebisTvis da saTanadod: Notes: Convention(s) and Agreement(s) opened to the member States of the E.: evropuli arawevri qveynebi Council of Europe and, where appropriate, to the: N.: araevropuli arawevri qveynebi E.: European non-member States C. : evropuli Tanamegobroba. N.: Non-European non-member States *ETS : evropuli xelSekrulebebis seria. C.: European Community. *ETS: European Treaties Series.

182 Council of Europe Treaties 184

evropis sabWos sainformacio biuro saqarTveloSi The Council of Europe Information Office – Tbilisi

evropis sabWos Tbilisis sainformacio biuro gaixsna The Council of Europe Information Offi ce in Tbilisi was 2001 wlis 20 aprils. opened on 20 April 2001.

organizacias sul 22 biuro aqvs centraluri da The Organisation has 22 offi ces in Central and Eastern aRmosavleT evropis wevr qveynebSi: baqoSi, bratisla- European countries – Baku, Bratislava, Bucharest, Buda- vaSi, budapeStSi, buqarestSi, ekaterinburgSi, erevanSi, varSavaSi, veliko turnovoSi, vilniusSi, TbilisSi, pest, Chisinau, Iekaterinbourg, Kyiv, Ljubljana, Moscow, kievSi, kiSiniovSi, lublianaSi, moskovSi, praRaSi, ri- Prague, Riga, Saratov, Skopje, Sofi a, St Petersbourg, gaSi, sanqt-peterburgSi, saratovSi, skopieSi, sofiaSi, Tallinn, Tbilisi, Tirana, Veliko Turnovo, Vilnius, Warsaw, talinSi, tiranaSi. Yerevan.

evropis sabWos sainformacio biuros ZiriTad mova- The main tasks of the Council of Europe Information leobas warmoadgens: Offi ce are to: 6 evropis sabWos saqmianobis, misi miznebisa da 6 Disseminate information on the activities, goals miRwevebis Sesaxeb informaciis gavrcele- and achievements of the Council of Europe; ba; 6 evropuli standartebis popularizacia; 6 Build greater awareness of Council of Europe rules and standards in different professional fi elds; 6 evropis sabWos saqmianobis, programebisa da proeqtebisaTvis xelis Sewyoba; 6 Support and promote Council of Europe activities, 6 saerTaSoriso donorebTan erTad saqmianobis programmes and projects; dasaxva; 6 Liaise with international donors in order to develop 6 evropis sabWos egidiT seminarebisa da kon- joint initiatives; ferenciebis mowyoba; 6 Participate in organising seminars and confer- 6 qarTuli organizaciebisa da dawesebule- ences in cooperation with local partners; bebisaTvis evropeli partniorebis moZiebaSi 6 Assist Georgian organisations and institutions in daxmarebis aRmoCena; evropis sabWos publika- identifying European partners; ciebisa da dokumentebis Targmna, gamocema da gavrceleba. 6 Translate, publish and disseminate Council of sainformacio biuroSi arsebobs biblioTeka, romelic Europe texts and documents. Seicavs evropis sabWos yvelaze mniSvnelovan gamoce- The Information Offi ce has a library which contains the mebs da organizaciis struqturisa da moRvaweobis most important publications of the Council of Europe on amsaxvel iseT dokumentebs, rogorebicaa: ministrTa komitetis rekomendaciebi da gadawyvetilebebi, sa- the organisation’s structure and activities of its main bod- parlamento asambleis debatebi da damtkicebuli ies: the Committee of Ministers (Recommendations and dokumentebi, adgilobriv da regionul xelisu- Resolutions), the Parliamentary Assembly (Debates and falTa kongresis masalebi. biblioTekis koleqciis Adopted Texts) and the Congress of Local and Regional nawilia adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos Authorities. The library’s collection includes complete ju- dokumentacia da evropis sabWos mier miRebuli risprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and yvela konvencia ganmartebiT moxsenebebTan erTad. all conventions adopted by the Council of Europe along biblioTekaSi arsebuli masalebi moicavs Semdeg sferoebs: xelSekrulebebi da konvenciebi, samarTali, with their explanatory reports. The documents cover the adamianis uflebebi, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba, following areas: treaties and conventions, law, human media, socialuri sakiTxebi, ganaTleba da kultura, rights, local democracy, media, social issues, education garemos dacva. and culture, health, environment.

damatebiTi informaciisaTvis ixileT ofisis veb- For more information: gverdi: WWW.COE.GE 184