4 Oklahoma Native Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

Vascular of the Oklahoma Ozarks

By Charles S. Wallis

Submittedo t the Faculty of the Graduate School of Oklahoma

State University in partial fullfillment of the requirements

for the degree of

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

May, 1959

After the completion of a floristic study of Cherokee County, the author saw the need for such a study of the entire Oklahoma Ozarks.

Therefore, his original collection of about 1,400 sheets was expanded to about 7,000 sheets between the years of 1953 and 1958. All of these are deposited in the Herbarium of Oklahoma State University. Duplicates of many of these are in the author’s private museum at Fort Gibson, Oklahoma.

Also, triplicates of collections made during the last two years are deposited in the Herbarium of Southern Methodist University at Dallas, Texas. The author has supplemented data obtained from his own collections with those derived from 497 sheets which have been deposited in the

Herbarium of Oklahoma State University by earlier collectors.

A few stations were established for repeated collecting in order to study the seasonal changes of plant societies. These are discussed in

Chapter IV. Prairie, hill, and valley habitats were the basis for the selection of these stations, but most of the collecting was for general distribution throughout the Ozarks.

Monographs, revisions, and other recent taxonomic literature in the

Oklahoma State University Library were used whenever possible in identifying the specimens. The order of listing of the families conventionally follows the Engler-Prantl system as delineated in the eighth edition of Gray’s Manual of Botany (43). Each species in the list is followed with the general habitats and counties in which one or more specimens were collected. Those specimens which were found to be new to the state and which have been reported within the last six years are relisted in Chapter V.

The author wishes to express his appreciation to each of the members of his committee for their guidance and suggestions. He is especially grateful to Dr. U.T. Waterfall for acting as chairman of his committee, for his example as a teacher of , and for the use of his personal card index of monographic and research literature.

Editor’s notes: This is Wallis’ original thesis including his chapter, “Ecology: General Distribution” that lists species in each of his study sites by seasons. However, it does not include his “List of Species and Habitats”. To avoid redundancy and to make that list more useable for current biologists, its nomenclature has been updated and included in Bruce Hoagland’s “A Checklist for the Vascular Flora of Ozark Plateau in Oklahoma” that immediately follows. That Checklist is marked to indicate which species Wallis listed, as well as non-native species listed in the Oklahoma Database for the Oklahoma Ozarks. Charles Sparkman Wallis’ private library is currently housed in the Bebb Herbarium (OKL) at the University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK. (SS)

Wallis, C.S. https://doi.org/10.22488/okstate.17.100051 5 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

Oklahoma Ozarks and the Boston PHYSICAL FEATURES Mountain Province in the southern one—third. The Salem Platform is Location and Area entirely in Arkansas and Missouri. The topography of the The name Oarks or Ozarks was Springfield Plain is that of a taken from the contraction of the deeply dissected plateau with French words aux arcs and has been surface cherts and limestones of applied to an uplift area the Mississippian Boone formation. occupying some 40,000 square miles In the Boston Province is a narrow of Arkansas, Missouri, and belt of rugged topography formed Oklahoma (79:234). This Ozark by the northeast trending faults. region of Oklahoma is in the The resulting fault blocks have northeastern corner of the state steep escarpment faces and gentle with natural boundaries formed by dip slopes capped by the resistant the Grand (Neosho) River on the Atoka sandstones. Deep valleys west and the Arkansas River on the have been cut through the ridges south. by stream erosion, and the major There are approximately drainage pattern is developed in 3,351 square miles of land and 52 the softer shales and limestone square miles of lakes in the paralleling the faulting. Oklahoma Ozarks. Computation by The highest elevation in the counties in square miles from Oklahoma Ozarks is a 1,750 foot General Highway County Maps contour line three miles east of prepared by the Oklahoma Muskrat Mountain (48). The Department of Highways is as contrasting low area, a 400 foot follows: contour line, is found where the Arkansas River leaves Oklahoma at County Land Area Lake Area the southeast corner of Sequoyah Adair 569 0 County (49). Thus a 30-mile line Cherokee 760 11 along the Oklahoma-Arkansas border Delaware 657 15 will intersect at the high and low Mayes 261 10 points of the Oklahoma Ozarks. Muskogee 114 3 Ottawa 296 10 Topography by Counties (113) Sequoyah 694 3 Adair County is quite hilly, All of the lakes, except but many of the hills and ridges Horseshoe Lake, are of the have flat tops wide enough to reservoir type. They are Fort produce considerable level areas. Gibson Reservoir and Lake of the Some of the deeper valleys cut Cherokees on the Grand River; into the Chester formation and Tenkiller Ferry Reservoir on the lowermost Pennsylvanian formation. Illinois River; Greenleaf Lake on Baron Fork drains the northern Greenleaf Creek; and Upper and part of the county into the Lower Spavinaw Lakes on Spavinaw Illinois River, and Sallisaw Creek Creek. drains the southern part into the Arkansas River. Geology Cherokee County is well dissected into the lower The Ozark Uplift is a broad Pennsylvanian formations by asymmetrical cone which consists streams, with the largest valleys of three physiological provinces less than one mile in width. Flat- (57). Two of these extend into topped ridges produce the northeastern Oklahoma as the principle farming areas. Maynard Springfield Structural Plain in Bayou, Flowers, Clear, and Ranger the northern two-thirds of the creeks are some of the western

Wallis, C.S. 6 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 streams draining into Grand River except that remaining between the which forms part of the western rock crevices. However, this soil boundary. The Illinois River is fertile enough to support a enters the county from the good growth of trees. The level northeast and flows south through uplands have soils that reach a the eastern half of the county. depth of ten or more feet, and Delaware County's surface is where they are free from chert quite rough with many of the they are dark red sandy-loams. broad, flat-top hills having small The soils of the narrow prairies on them. Generally, the valleys are generally very cherty valleys are narrow and steep- but quite productive. The larger sided. Grand River in the northern river valleys have the most part of the county with its productive soils of all. They are tributaries drains most of the basically the sediments from the area. The southern part is drained higher Boone areas. into the Grand River by way of Spavinaw Creek. The eastern part of Mayes CLIMATE (126) County is in the Ozarks and the western part in the Prairie Plains The Oklahoma Ozarks have a region. The Ozark area is quite continental type of weather which hilly and is drained by Spavinaw is characterized by a pronounced Creek. seasonal range in temperatures. The small northeastern part Almost invariably the high summer of Muskogee County in the Ozarks temperature occurs with clear drains into the Arkansas River. skies and is attended by dry, The best farming land in the moderate winds. Severe droughts Ozarks is located in the flood are produced when hot winds plains of the Grand and Arkansas accompany these high temperatures. rivers. The summer nights are nearly Ottawa County is also in always cool because the clear both the Ozark and Prairie Plains skies and dry atmosphere permit regions. The southeastern part is rapid radiation of the heat. Rain hilly, but the northeastern part is general and most abundant in has extensive prairies east of the the spring to early summer and Grand River; a.k.a. Neosho River, sometimes may be abundant during the name often applied to the September and October. The portion of Grand River above the prevailing wind direction is junction with Spring River. southerly, although in December, Drainage is into the Grand River January, and February northerly by way of Spring and Neosho winds predominate. rivers. Prior to 1941, the available records give for the state‘s Ozark Soils (112) counties the average maximum and minimum temperatures in degrees The only formation of the Fahrenheit as follows: region which has sufficient area of rock outcrop to greatly Maximum Minimum influence the soil is the Boone County Temperature Temperature formation. Along the western edge Adair 114 -27 of the uplift, the Chester Cherokee 118 -23 formation produces a prairie of Delaware 114 -25 considerable extent from the town Mayes 117 -21 of Pryor to the northeast. Muskogee ll8 -14 Slopes are so steep on the Ottawa 114 -25 hillsides of the uplift that there Sequoyah 115 -10 is little or no surface soil

Wallis, C.S. 7 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

The dates of killing frosts of Mayes 47.8 28.3 40.3 28.5 last and first average appearance 33.2 33.5 60.4 35.4 with number of days in growing Muskogee 48.4 32.5 34.1 22.8 season as follows: 29.2 26.8 56.3 45.5 Ottawa ---- 30.4 27.6 32.8 County Appearance Growing 36.9 32.2 49.6 52.6 First Last Season Sequoyah 52.7 35.2 40.3 33.5 Adair April 10 October 27 200 30.2 32.0 68.4 57.9 Cherokee April 6 October 30 207 Delaware March 31 October 31 214 Mayes April 3 October 31 211 TAXONOMIC HISTORY Muskogee March 26 November 4 223 Ottawa April 21 October 28 207 One of the earliest Sequoyah March 31 November 3 217 botanists to visit the Oklahoma and Arkansas Ozarks was Thomas The average annual precipitation, Nuttall. On July 11, 1819 he in inches is given as follows: passed the mouth of the Illinois River and encountered a three to County Precipitation four foot cascade in the Arkansas Adair 46.84 River about four miles above its Cherokee 41.17 confluence with the Illinois. Delaware 44.39 Nuttall (83:233) records: Mayes 43.54 The variety of trees which Muskogee 39.50 commonly form the North American Ottawa 41.93 forest here begin very sensibly to Sequoyah 41.79 diminish. We now scarcely see any other than the smooth-barked In late spring eastern cottonwood, the elm, box-elder Oklahoma and the adjoining states (Acer Negundo), curled maple (Acer receive, on the average, more dasycarpon), and ash, all of them rainfall than any other part of reduced in stature. From hence the the country east of the Rocky forest begins to disappear before Mountains. the pervading plain. Some of the lowest annual Nuttall (83:234) reached the precipitations ever recorded in mouth of the Verdigris River by the weather history of the state July 14 On the alluvial lands occurred during the eight-year between the Grand and Verdigris period of the author’s plant rivers he saw “... larger trees collecting experience. The than ... since leaving Port Smith. following United States Weather Among them were lofty scarlet Bureau (127) annual precipitation oaks, ash, and hackberry, and records start with 1951 as wet to whole areas of nettles (Urtica about average, through dry to very divaricata)... .” dry years, and end with 1958 as By July 17, with two another average to wet year. These companions, Nuttall (83:241) records in inches per year by started a two day trip by canoe up county are as follows: the Grand River to visit the Osage Saltworks on some cliffs, on the County 195l 1952 1953 1954 18th, he ...recognized as new, a 1955 1956 1957 l958 large shrub... a simple leaved Adair 43.5 37.6 36.2 30.3 Rhus, scarcely distinct from R. 39.1 36.3 62.7 51.6 cotinus of the south of Europe and Cherokee 46.8 30.8 37.4 25.1 our gardens... The gravel bars 36.9 33.7 58.6 46.6 were almost covered with Amsonia Delaware 47.8 26.0 30.6 34.2 salicifolia, with which grew the 32.8 36.7 57.4. 43.1 Sesbania macrocarpa of Florida.

Wallis, C.S. 8 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

That evening, two miles Edward James was the second below the Osage Saltworks (50 botanist to enter the Oklahoma miles above the Arkansas River), Ozarks when his party crossed the Nuttall (83 :242) notes that ... Arkansas River between Muskogee “In this elevated alluvion I and Sequoyah counties. The day still observed the coffee-bean (September 10, 182O) was spent in tree (Gymnocladus canadensis),the trying to work their way through over—cup white oak (Querciis “a dense and almost impenetrable macrocarpa), the pecan (Carya cane-brake,” where no vestige of a o1ivaeformis), the common hickory, path could be found. On September ash, elm, and below, in places 11 they resumed their trip to Fort near the margin of the river, the Smith (79:236). poplar-leaved birch (Betula Fort Gibson was established populifolia).” by General Arbuckle in l824, the Nuttall (83:244) had his same year that Fort Smith was first attack of an intermittent abandoned by the Army (79:444). fever, so he left the nearly Zina Pitcher, surgeon in the deserted Osage Saltworks on July United States Army, was stationed 20, “...and proceeded, by compass, at Fort Gibson from 183l to 1834. across the Great Osage Plain, When his duties permitted, he towards the mouth of the collected plants for John Torrey Verdigris.” (79:286). The saltworks were nearly Another botanist to visit deserted due to the murder of Mr. Fort Gibson was Charles Joseph Campbell by Erhart, his late Latrobe in company with Washington partner, and two accomplices. Irving and Count Albert Pourtales Nuttal (83:242) comments, “I could (67). Neither Latrobe nor any not but congratulate myself on other member of the party having escaped, perhaps a similar displayed much interest in fate. At the Cadron, I had made collecting plants during their one application to Childer’s, one of month of hunting in the Indian these remorseless villains, as a Territory (79:386) woodsman and hunter, to accompany The German botanist, me for hire, only about a month Heinrich Karl Beyrich, made use of before he had shot and barbarously army protection during his journey scalped Mr. Campbell, ...” from St. Louis to Fort Gibson and In Nuttall’s Collections thence to the cross timbers in Towards a Flora the Territory of l834. Lasigue in his Musee’ Arkansas (84:165-l68), are botanigne de M. Benjamin Delessert recorded Amaranthus tamariscinus (page 466) stated that, on the and Betula populifolia as return trip, “Beyrich was attacked collected from the banks of Grand by Cholera and died at Fort Gibson River. Euphorbia heterantha was in September l834” (79:386, 583). listed as being found “on the In 1845 J. W. Albert and sandy banks of the Arkansas from party followed the Arkansas River Fort Smith to Salt River.” Other on their way to St. Louis. On specimens from areas outside the October 20th Albert observed on Ozarks but in close proximity are: the way that they Alisina rostrata (84:l59) “in the “...found some of the fruit of ponds of the Verdigris River of the pawpaw, (Ammona triloba), and Arkansas,” Rivina portulaccoides black walnuts ... had been seen... (84 :167) “on the alluvial lands among the sylva, the elm, and of the Verdigris River near its various species of the oak and confluence with the Arkansas,” and hickory, among the latter, the Euphorbia obtusata (8:172) “on the bitternut hickory (Juglans banks of the Arkansas from the aurata)... as well as the Verdigris to Salt River.” buttonwood and spicewood (79:939).

Wallis, C.S. 9 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

During the Civil War, Fort C. H. Fitch (47) in 1900 Gibson was reactivated and given reported on woodland of the Indian the temporary name of Fort Blunt. Territory by township and range. Dr. Edward Palmer was stationed The timber was simply listed as there during July and August of oak, ash, elm, hickory, pecan, 1863. The Battle of Honey Springs walnut, cottonwood, etc. was fought on July 17th some 15 C. N. Gould (55) in 1903 miles south of Muskogee. In spite made a list of trees, shrubs, and of military duties, Palmer found vines of the Cherokee Nation. time to collect a few plants, one Other collections from the of which, (Clitoria mariana), is Oklahoma Ozarks, now deposited in in the United States National the Oklahoma State University Herbarium (82:2O8). Palmer again Herbarium, are those of R. Bebb, visited “Fort Gibson, Arkansas” G. W. Stevens, and U. T. with General Leavenworth’s party Waterfall. in late January of 1868. They left soon after the first of February (82:35-36). ECOLOGY Butler (9) reported on a collection from the Oklahoma General Distribution Ozarks. It included Monarda Bruner (8) recognizes two Bradburiana Beck from the Cherokee main forest areas in Oklahoma. Nation. These are the deciduous forest The Cherokee and Creek formation with oak-hickory Nations were visited by M. A. associations occupying the Carleton (11) early in the spring Oklahoma Ozarks in the northeast of 189l. Some of the plants which part of the state and the Ouachita he located simply as “Muscogee” or Mountains in the southeast with “Muscogee, Arkansas River” may the oak—hickory savannah of the have been collected north of the Arkansas valley region separating Arkansas River (which is only the two. An extreme northeast tip about one and one-half miles to of the Andropogon associes of the the northeast). prairie plains extends from the Species identified and Neosho to Spring rivers in the listed by Holzinger (63) are: vicinity of Miami, Pitcher, and Ranunculus abortivus L., var. Quapaw of Ottawa County. micranthus Gray, Ilex decidua The most common oak—hickory Walt., Lathyrus pusillus Eli., association is Quercus velutina, Crataegus arborescens Ell., Carya tomentosa and C. ovalis. Oenothera linifolia Nutt., 0. Where the tops of the hills become speciosa Nutt., Polytaenia more xeric, Quercus marylandica Nuttallii DC., Viburnum and stellata replace Q. velutina prunifolium L., Bellis with Ulmus alata as another common integrifolia Michx., Erigeron tree. Considerable stands of Pinus philadeiphicus L., Myosotis verna echinacea are occasionally found Nutt., Gratiola virginiana L., on the sides and tops of the Veronica arvensis L., Pedicularis cherty hills, especially near canadensis L., Plantago pusilla Salina in Mayes County, Tahlequah Nutt., Sisyrinchiuni bellum in Cherokee County, and Jay in Watson, Hypoxis erecta L., Carex Delaware County. Further down the granularis Muhl., C. grisea Wahl. sides of the larger hills and into var. globosa Bailey, Q. the narrow valleys will be found Muhlenbergii Schkuhr var. Quercus rubra and Q. Muhlenbergii australis Olney, C. riparia W. with occasional Carya cordiformis Curtis, C. tetanica Schkuhr var. plus C. ovata and some C. Meadii Bailey, C. triceps Michx., tomentosa. The larger valleys of and C. varia Muhl. creeks and rivers have Quercus

Wallis, C.S. 10 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

Muhlenbergii and Q. macrocarpa species are listed later on in with Carya cordiformis and C. this chapter. Illinoensis. Considerable numbers Where the oak—hickory woods of scattered Castanea ozarkensis of the hills border on the larger are found in the wooded hills from prairie areas, the woods are of a northern Cherokee and Adair more open type and have such trees counties northward. Several as: Quercus marilandica, Q. Quercus nigra trees are found in stellata, Ulmus alata, U. the valleys southeast and east of Americana, Celtis tenuifolia, Sallisaw in Sequoyah County. In Sassafras albidum var. molle, the Marble City area of Sallisaw Gleditsia triacanthos, Bumelia Creek in Sequoyah County are lanuginosa var. oblongifolia,and several specimens of Carya ovalis. Diospyros virginiana. The smaller The forests in the larger trees and undershrubs are valleys have many species of represented by: Crataegus crus- trees as well as undershrubs and galli, C. viridis, Prunus herbs. Some of the more hortulana, Rosa setigera var. common trees other than those tomentosa, aboriginum,R. listed above are: Populus mollior,R.ozarkensis, Cercis deltoides, Salix nigra, Juglans canadensis, Rhus copallina var. nigra, Ulmus americana, U. rubra, latifolia, R. glabra, Cornus Celtis laevigata, Morus rubra, Drummondii,andSymphoricarpos Platanus occidentalis, Prunus orbiculatus. serotina, Gymnocladus diocia, Acer Several stations were saccharinum,A.Negundo, Diospyros selected for study, and intensive virginiana,andFraxinus collecting was done at each one in pennsylvanica. Some of the more order to show the seasonal aspect. prominent undershrubs are: Lindera From these seventeen stations the Benzoin, Cercis canadensis, Prunus following were selected: a prairie mexicana, Ilex decidua, station three miles east of Fort Cornus Drummondi,andViburnum Gibson on U. S. Highway 62 in rufidulum. The lianas Muskogee County because of its include: Smilax Bona-nox, Rhus southwest position in the Arkansas radicans, Ampelopsis cordata. valley and its oak-hickory Parthenocissus quinguefolia, and savannah; a prairie station one- Vitis vulpina. half mile northeast of Quapaw on Many small prairies are U.S. Highway 66 in Ottawa County located on some of the broader because of its prairie plains flat-top hills and along the location; a double station at southern and western borders of Dripping Springs five and one-half the forests where they meet the miles west of Siloam Springs, Arkansas valley and the prairie Arkansas, on U.S. Highway 59 in region. The best areas of these Delaware County because of its have been put under cultivation, canyon-like valley and hill and only the more irregular steep- combination; a pond station one- sloped, or low portions have been half mile southeast of Blackgum on left in native grasses. Even these State Highway 100 in Sequoyah are not suited for complete study County because of its protection from mid—summer through fall from livestock for one and one- because they are mowed for hay. In half years; and a general hill fact, every portion of the station in the Brushy Mountains Oklahoma Ozarks has had twelve miles northeast of Sallisaw disturbances by man in some form on U.S. Highway 59 in Sequoyah or other such as: fire, cutting of County. timber, livestock grazing, or cultivation. The common prairie

Wallis, C.S. 11 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

Fort Gibson Prairie Station Claytonia virginica, Anemone caroliniana forma caroliniana, The common vernal species Delphinium carolinianum var. are: Vulpia octoflora, Carex crispum, Ranunculus fascicularis Crawei, Fimbristy1is Drummondii, var. apricus, Psoralea tenuiflora Tradescantia ohiensis, var. floribunda, Viola sagittata, Nothoscordum bivalve, Zigadenus Polytaenia Nuttallii, Dodecatheon Nuttallii, Hypoxis hirsuta, Meadia formas album and Meadia, Sisyrinchium varians, Claytonia Asclepias hirtella,A.viridis, virginica, Arenaria patula forma Castilleja coccinea coccinea, media, Stellaria Nuttallii, Penstemon tubaeflorus, Plantago Delphinium carolinianum var. aristata, Houstonia patens, Nortonianum, Rosa carolina var. Lobelia appendiculata, Antennaria villosa, Baptisia leucophaea var. campestris, Erigeron strigosus, leucophaea, Psoralea tenuiflora Krigia Dandelion, and K. var. floribunda, Asclepias occidentalis. viridis, Penstemon tubaeflorus, The common aestival species Plantago aristata, P. virginica, are: Andropogon Gerardi var. Achillea lanulosa, Echinacea Gerardi, Panicum capillare var. pallida, Erigeron strigosus, capillare,P.praecocius, Krigia Dandelion,K.occidentalis, Sorghastrum nutans, Triodia flava, and Serinia oppositifolia. T. stricta,Strophostyles The common aestival species leiosperma, Gaura biennis var. are: Andropogon Gerardi var. Pitcheri, Eryngium yuccifolium Gerardi,A.saccharoides, var. synchaetum, Physostegia Eragrostis capillaris, Manisuris angustifolia, Ruellia humilis var. cylindrica, Panicum virgatum, 1ongiflora, Achillea lanulosa, Paspalum ciliatifolium var. Boltonia latisquama, Coreopsis Muhlenbergii, Sporobolus asper grandiflora var. grandiflora, var. Hookeri, Triodia flava,T. pycnostachya,and stricta, Cyperus filiculmis, Rudbeckia hirta var. pulcherrima. Potentilla simplex var. simplex, The common serotinal species Dalea candida, Desmodium are: Salvia azurea var. sessilifolium, Schrankia grandiflora, Aster ericoides, A. Nuttallii, Croton mona anthogynus, hemisphericus, A. pilosus, and Euphorbia corollata var. Solidago canadensis var. paniculata, Gaura biennis var. gilvocanescens. Pitcheri, Ptilimnium Nuttallii, Physostegia angustifoila, Ruellia Dripping Springs Valley Station humilis var. longiflora, Gaillardia fastigiata, Rudbeckia The common trees and hirta var. pulcherrima,and undershrubs are: Juglans nigra, Silphium laciniatum var. Ostrya virgiana var. lasia, laciniatum. Quercus alba, Ulmus americana, The common serotinal species Morus rubra, Lindera Benzoin var. are: Salvia azurea var. Benzoin, Hydrangea arborescens grandiflora, Aster ericoides, A. var. arborescens, Platanus praealtus, Solidago altissima,and occidentalis, Prunus S. missouriensis var. fasciculata. serotina,Cercis canadensis, Rhus radicans, Cornus florida, Quapaw Prairie Station Rhododendron canescens, Diospyros virginiana, Fraxinus american. The common vernal species var. americana,andViburnum are: Vulpia octoflora, Carex rufidulum. Crawei, Allium canadense var. The common vernal species mobilense, Camassia scilloides, are: Panicum Boscii, Carex Erythronium albidum var. Frankii,C.lurida, Arisaema mesochoreum, Hypoxis hirsuta,

Wallis, C.S. 12 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 atrorubens formas viride and Dianthus Ameria, Anemonella zebrinum, Saururus cernuus, thalictroides, Arabis Claytonia virginica, Dianthus missouriensis, Cardamine Armeria, Stellaria media, Anemone parviflora var. arenicola, virginiana, Anemonella Amelanchier arboea, Oxalis thalictroides, Aquilegia violaceae, var. trichophora, canadensis var. latiuscu1a, Kitalbeliana var. Rafinesquii,V. Ranunculus recurvatus, Cardamine pedata var. lineariloba, Vaccinium bulbosa, Saxifraga virginiensis stamineum, Houstonia patens, var. subintegra, Cercis Atennaria plantaginifolia, canadensis, Vicia minutiflora, Erigeron strigosus, Gnaphallum Geranium maculatum, Viola purpureum, and Krigia virginica. pensylvanica var. pensylvanica, V. The common aestival species triloba var. dilatata, are: Panicum malacophyllum, P. Chaerophyllum tainturieri var. praecocius, Bulbostylis tainturieri, Cornus florida, capillaris, Carex Bushii, Cyperus Rhododendron canescens, Glechoma ovularis var. sphaericus, hederacea var. micrantha, Rhynchosia latifolia, Schrankia Houstonia purpurea, Viburnum Nuttalii, Stylosanthes biflora rufidulum, Neclo aureus,andS. var. hispidissima, Tephrosia obovatus var. rotundus. virgniana, Crotonopsis elliptica, The common aestival species Ascyrum hypericoides, Torilis are: Adiantum Capillus-Veneris, japonica, Asclepias verticillata, Asplenium platyneuron, Polystichum Monarda fistulosa var. fistulosa, acrostichoides, Parietaria Pycnanthemum tenuifolium, Solarium pensylvanica, Hydrangea carolinense var. albiflorum, arboreacens var. arborescens, Verbascum thapsus, Ruellia humilis Impatiens capensis, and var. longiflora, Dipsacus Scutellaria ovata var. ovata. sylvestris, Lobelia spicata var. The common serotinal species leptostachys, Erigeron annuus, are: Boehmeria cylindrica var. Hieracium Gronovii, Lactuca cylindrica, Pilea pumila, canadensis var. latifolia,and Polygonum pensylvanicum var. Rudbeckia hirta var. pulcherrima. laevigata,P.punctatum var. The common serotinal species leptostachyum, Chenopodium are: Andropogon scoparius, Standlevanum, Acalypha rhomboidea, Gerardia Gattingeri, Aster Perilla frutescens, and Erechtites anomalus,andA. hieracifolia var. praealta. turbinellus.

Dripping Springs Hill Station Blackgum Pond Station The common trees and Trees and undershrubs are: undershrubs are: Juniperus Salix nigra and Cephalanthus virginiana, Carya ova1is, C. occidentalis. tomentosa, Quercus alba, Q. The common vernal species stellata, Q. velutina, Celtis are: Potamogeton diversifolius, tenuifolia var. georgiana, Cyperus virens, Scirpus Amelanchier arborea, Rubus koilolepis, Juncus brachycarpus, frutifer, Rhus aromatica var. J. diffusissimus, J. interior, J. serotina, R. copallina var. marginatus, J. validus, Ranunculus latifolia, R. glabra, Vaccinium laxicaulis, Gratiola neglecta, and stamineum, and Symphoricarpos Lindernia anagallidea. orbiculatus. The common aestival species The common vernal species are: Sagittaria ambigua, are: Danthonia spicata var. Echinochloa crusgalli, Rotala longipila, Luzula bulbosa, Hypoxis ramosior var. interior, Rhexia hirsuta, Comandra Richardsiana, interor, Ludwigia alternifolia

Wallis, C.S. 13 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 var. alternifolia,L.glandulosa are: Desmodium paniculatum, Aster var. glandulosa, Hydrolea ovata, azureus var. azureus,A.patens. Verbena hastata, Gratiola A. pilosus, A. turbinellus, virginiana, Cephalanthus var. hirsuta, occidentalis, and Helenium and Solidago petriolaria var. flexuosum. Wardii. The common serotinal Two other stations were of species are:. Eleocharis special interest because a few of lanceolata, Polygonum the species found were near the hydropiperoidea var. Bushianum, P. extreme limit of their range. pensylvanicum var. laevigatum, P. These are the Arkansas River sands punctatum var. leptostachyum, three and one-half miles south of Gerardia fasciculata, G. Fort Gibson in Muskogee County, heterophylla, Bidena polylepis, because of some western species, Boltonia diffusa var. interior, and the Keyough Bluff station and B. latisquama. three miles north of Fort Gibson, because of some eastern and Brushy Mountains Station southeastern species. Western species of the The common trees and Arkansas River sands include: undershrubs are: Carya tomentosa, Cenchrus pauciflous, Cycloloma Quercus marilandica,Q.stellata, atriplicifolium, Dalea lanata, Ulmus alata, Amelanchier arborea, Euphorbia hexagona, Heliotropium Prunus americana, Rhus aromatica, convolvulaceum,and R. copallina var. latifolia, and Lippia incisa. Symphoricarpos orbiculatus. Eastern species of the The common vernal species Keyough Bluffs are: Camptosorus are: Vulpia octoflora, Hypoxis rhizophyllus, Asarum canadense hirsuta Claytonia virginica, var. acuminatum, Rivina humilis, Arenaria patu1a forma media, Rubus occidentalis, Cladrastis Anemonella thalictroides, lutea, Cotinus obovatus, and Acer Ranunculus fascicularis var. saccharum. apricus,R.Harveyi, Viola pedata var. lineariloba,V.Kitaibeliana var. Rafinesguil, Oenothera ADDITIONS TO THE STATE FLORA linifolia, Dodecatheon Meadia forma album, Collinsia violacea, Those taxa preceded by an Ruellia humilis var. longiflora, asterisk have not been reported Plantago aristata, Hustonia previously as additions to the patens, Valerianella longiflora, state flora. All of the others Antennaria plantaginifo1ia, have been reported in the Astranthium integrifolium,and Proceedings of the Oklahoma Erigeron strigosus. Academy of Science (128, 135) as The common aestival species additions to the state flora from are: Andropogon scoparius, the Oklahoma Ozarks. Danthonia spicata var. longipila, Eragrostis capillaris, Manisuras Elodea Nuttallii (Planch.) St. John; cylindrica, Dalea candida, shallow pools of Illinois River Crotonopsis elliptica, Hypericum and Flint Creek; Cherokee and Drummondii,H.pseudomaculatum, Delaware counties. Daucus pusillus, Ptilimnium *Arisaema atrorubens (Ait.) Blume, Nuttallii, Spermolepis divaricata, forma viride (Engler) Diodi teres var. setifera, Fern. The following specimens are Ambrosia bidentata, Helenium so identified because of the amara, Heterotheca pilosa,and “spathe green, without or with Rudbeckia hirta var. pulcherrima. only faint stripes” (43): Wallis The common serotinal species 6595-1 from wooded base of bluffs

Wallis, C.S. 14 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

on Ballard Creek, 1 mile south of Sequoyah counties. Watts in Adair County, Wallis 3626 Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh, var. from wooded base of a hill, 14½ glabrata Gleason; woods of a small miles northeast of Tahlequah in creek; Cherokee County. Cherokee County and Wallis 3658 Hypericum gentianoides (L.) BSP.; from Dripping Springs valley, 5½ oak-hickory woods of a hill; miles west of the state line in Delaware County. Delaware County. Both forma Lamium amplexicaule L., forma zebrlnum and forma viride were albiflorum D. M. Moore; road-side; found growing together in Cherokee Cherokee County. and Delaware counties. *Leonurus sibiricus L. is represented *Tradescantla Ernestiana Anders. & by Wallis 7673 from oak-hickory Woodson, forma alba Waterfall; woods and roadside, 23 miles flint bluffs; type specimen is northeast of Tahlequah in Adair Walls 395 from Cherokee County County, and Wallis 792 and 933 (132), also collected later from from open roadsides, 8.7 miles Delaware and Muskogee counties. northeast of Tahlequah in Cherokee Aletris farinosa L; low areas in a County. The “10-nerved, scarcely prairie; Delaware County. angled” calyx and conspicuous Allium vineale L., forma compactum bracts “half to fully as long as (Thuill.). Aschers.; along the calyx” (53) as well as leaves roadsides; Adair, Delaware, “deeply 3-7 cleft and incised” Ottawa, and Sequoyah counties. (43) separate this species from Allium vineale L., forma vineale; the less common L. Cardica. along roadside; Delaware County. Melissa officinalis L.; in valley of Iris virginica L., var. Shrevei a spring-fed creek; Mayes County. (Small) E. Andera.; Shallows *Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng., of spring—fed creeks; Cherokee and forma lutescens Farw. was Ottawa counties. collected as Wallis 6652, 6684, Urtica dioica L.; wooded bank of Lost and 6840. They are hairy annuals Creek; Ottawa County. with yellow floral bracts (43) as Paronychia canadensis (L.) Wood; in a compared to the red bracts of the wooded valley; Cherokee County. abundant forma coccinea. Both Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.; woods formas were found growing together of a creek; Cherokee County. in prairie areas, ½ mile northeast C1ematis virginiana L.; fence row in of Quapaw in Ottawa County and ½ a creek valley; Cherokee County. mile north and 1 mile west of Delphinium tricorne Michx., forma Peggs in Cherokee and Mayes albiflora Millsp.; woods of Flint counties. Creek; Delaware County. Dipsacus sylvestris Huds.; wooded Draba aprica Beadle; woods of Falls hillsides; Cherokee and Delaware Branch; Cherokee County. counties. Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbas, Cacalia Muhlenbergii (Sch. Bip.); var. hispida (Desv.) Butt. & Abbe; wooded valleys; Adair, Delaware, valleys of Flint and sallisaw and Ottawa counties. creeks; Delaware and Sequoyah Liatris aspera Michx., var. aspera, counties. forma Benkii (Macbr.) Desmodium rigidum (Ell.) DC.; woods Fern.; prairie; Cherokee County. of hills; Delaware, Mayes, and

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SUMMARY Twenty four additions to the A floristic study of Oklahoma Flora were made by the Cherokee County from 1950 to 1953 author from this collection. These encouraged the author to undertake are listed separately as additions a similar study covering the to the state flora and also are entire Oklahoma Ozarks. The incorporated in the general Cherokee County collection of listing without any special 1,400 sheets was expanded to some references. 7,000 sheets between the years of 1953 and 1958. In addition to LITERATURE CITED these, the author revaluated 497 sheets of plants collected by For convenience of listing, a few others in the Oklahoma Ozarks. floras, manuals, and catalogues The identification of the have been included in this list of plants involved the use of 130 cited literature. These general monographic studies and other references are numbers 43, 53, 96, taxonomic literature. All of the 111, 115, 118, 131, and 134. plant collections studied by the author are deposited in the 1. Aellen, Paul and Theodor Just. Herbarium of the Oklahoma State 1934. Key and Synopsis University, and many duplicates of of the American Species of these are in the author’s private the Genus Chenopodium L. Am. museum at Fort Gibson, Oklahoma. Midl. Nat. 30: 47-76. Intensive collecting was 2. Bailey, L. H. 1945. The Genus done at 17 stations in order to Rubus in North America. study the seasonal changes of Gentes Herb. 5(9): 591-856. herbaceous plant societies, and 3. Barneby, R. C. 1956. Pugillus extensive collecting was done astragalorum XVIII: throughout the Oklahoma Ozarks for Miscellaneous Novelties and a general distribution study. The Reappraisals. Am. Midl. Nat. order of listing of the families 55: 477-503. follows that of the Engler-Prantl 4. Benson, Lyman. 1948. A Treatise system. Each species is on the North American accompanied with general habitats Ranunculi. Am. Midl. Nat. 40: and locations in which one or more 1-261. specimens have been collected. 5. Beetle, Alan Ackerman. 1947. Whenever a citation of a Scirpus. N. Am. Fl. 18(8): collection other than that of the 481-504 author’s was used, notation was 6. Blake, S. F. 1918. A Variety of made as to the collector and Smilax glauca. Rhod. 20: 78- collection number. 80. A total of 123 families 7. Boivin, Bernard. 1944. American represented by 534 genera and Thalictra and Their Old World 1,377 species and subordinate taxa Allies. Rhod. 46: 335-349, are listed. The families having 469-471, 480-483. the greatest numbers of species 8. Bruner, W. E. 1931. The and subordinate taxa were: Vegetation of Oklahoma. Compositae 192, Gramineae 150, Ecological Monographs. 1(2): Leguminosae 93, Cyperaceae 84, 193-111. 46, Labiatae 43, 9. Butler, G. D. 1878. A List of Scrophulariaccae 34, Cruciferae 3, Some of the Most Interesting Euphorbiaceae 33, Ranunculaceae Species of Plants Collected 32, and Liliaceae 30. These eleven in the Indian Territory. Bot. families contain 56 percent of the Gaz. 3: 65-68, 74-78. total species and subordinate taxa.

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10. Butters, F. K. and E. C. Abbe. Herbarium Expedition to Nova 1940. The American Varieties Scotia. Rhod. 23: 153-171, of Rorippa islandica. Rhod. 184-195, 223-246. 42: 25-32. 25. _____. 1922. Notes on 11. Carleton, M. A. 1892. Sparganium. Rhod. 24: 26-33. Observations on the Natural 26. _____. 1931. Potentilla Plants of Oklahoma Territory canadensis and P. simplex. and Adjacent Districts. Rhod. 33: 180-191. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 27. _____. 1932. The Linear-leaved 220-221. North American Species of 12. Cheney, R. H. 1925. A White Potamogeton, Section Form of Delphinium Ajacis. Axillares. Mem. Am. Acad. Rhod. 27: 139-142. Arts and Sciences 17: 1-183. 13. Constance, Lincoln. 1949. A 28. _____. 1933a. The Slender- Revision of Phacelia Subgenus spiked Spartina pectinata. Cosmanthus (Hydrophyllaceae). Rhod. 35: 258-260. Contr. Gray Herb. Harvard 29 _____. 1933b. Types of Some Univ. 168 Repr. American Species of Elymus. 14. Core, Earl L. 1936. The Rhod. 35: 187-198. American Species of Scleria. 30. _____. 1934a. Draba in Britt. 2: 1-105. Temperate Northeastern 15. _____. 1941. The North America. Rhod. 36: 241-261, American Species of 285-305, 314-344, 353-371, Paronychia. Am. Midl. Nat. 392-404. 26: 269-398. 31. _____. 1934b. Realignments in 16. _____.Cronquist, Arthur. 1947. the Genus Panicum. Rhod. 36: Revision of the North 61-87. American Species of Erigeron, 32. _____. 1934c. Some Transfers North of Mexico. Britt. 6(2): in Digitaria and Paspalum. 121-300. Rhod. 36: 19-22. 17.Dyal,S.C.1938.Valerianella 33. _____.1937. Plants of the in North America. Rhod. 40: Inner Coastal Plain of 185-212. Virginia. Rhod. 39: 449-450. 18. Erickson, Ralph O. 1943. 34. _____. 1938. Noteworthy Plants Taxonomy of Clematis Section of Southeastern Virginia. Viorna. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. Rhod. 40: 439. 30: 1-30. 35. _____. 1939. Last Surviors in 19. Fassett, Norman C. 1937. Notes the Flora of Tidewater From the Herbarium of the Virginia. Rhod. 41: 549. University of Wisconsin-XVI. 36. _____. 1940a. A Century of Rhod. 39: 460. Additions to the Flora of 20. _____. 1939. Notes from the Virginia. Rhod. 42: 489-491. Herbarium of the Univeristy 37. _____. 1940b. Some of Wisconsin-XVIII. Rhod. 41: Spermatophytes of Eastern 525. North America. Rhod. 42: 252, 21. _____. 1951. Callitriche in Pl. 599. the New World. Rhod. 53: 137- 38. _____. 1941a. Another Century 155, 161-182, 185-194, 209- of Additions to the Flora of 222. Virginia. Rhod. 43: 589-603. 22. Featherly, H. I. 1946. Manual 39. _____. 1941b. The Campestrian of the Grasses of Oklahoma. Variety of Froelichia 43(21). Res. Foundation of floridana Rhod. 43: 336. Oklahoma State Univ. 40. _____. 1943. Notes on 23. Ferguson, A.M. 1902. Crotons Danthonia. Rhod. 45: 239-246. of the United States. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 12: 33-74. 24. Fernald, M. L. 1921. The Gray

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41. _____. 1945a. Key to Kansas Acad. Sci. 18: 145- Antennaria of the “Manual 146. Range.” Rhod. 47: 221-235, 56. Greenman, J. M. 1916. 239-247. Monograph of the North and 42. _____. 1945b. Ruellia in the Central American Species of Eastern United States Rhod. the Genus Senecio-Part II. 47: 50-63. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 3: 85- 43. _____. 1950. Gray’s Manual of 130. Botany. 8th ed. New York. 57. Haufman, George G. et al. American Book Company. 1958. Geology of the South 44. Fernald, M. L. and Ludlow and West Flanks of the Ozark Griscom. 1935. Three days of Uplift, Northeastern Botanizing in Southeastern Oklahoma. Okla. Geol. Survey, Virginia. Rhod. 37: 131-157, Bul. 77: 10-12. 167-189. 58. Hermann, Frederick J. 1936. 45. _____. 1937. Notes on Diodia. Diagnostic characteristics in Rhod. 39: 306-308. Lycopus. Rhod. 39: 373-375, 46. Fernald, M. L. and C. A. Pl. 439. Weatherby. 1922. Varieties of 59. _____. 1946. The Perennial Geum canadense. Rhod. 24: 47- Species of Urtica in the 49. United States East of the 47. Fitch, C. H. 1900. Woodland of Rocky Mountains. Am. Midl. Indian Territory. U.S. Geol. Nat. 35: 773-778. Surv. Rep. 21: 609-649. 60. Hitchcock, A. S. and Agnes 48. _____. 1901. Talequah Chase. 1950. Manual of the Quadrangle. Topographic Map, Grasses of the United States. U.S. Geol. Survey, Reprint Second ed. U. S. Gov’t. 1944. Print. Off. 49. _____. 1911. Sallisaw 61. Hitchcock, C. Leo. 1936. The Quadrangle. Topographic Map, Genus Leipidium in the United U.S. Geol. Survey, Reprint States. Modrono 3: 265-320. 1932. 62. Hodgdon, Albion R. 1938. A 50. Gaiser, L. O., 1946. The Genus Taxonomic Study of Lechea. Liatris. Rhod. 48: 163-183, Rhod. 40: 29-69, 87-92. 216-263, 273-326, 331-382, 63. Holzinger, J. M. 1892. List of 393-412. Plants Collected by C. S. 51. Gale, Shirley. 1944. Sheldon and M. A. Carelton in Rhynchospora, Section Indian Territory in 1891. Eurhynchospora, in Canada, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: the United States and the 202-219. West Indies. Rhod. 46: 89- 64. Hopkins, Milton. 1938. Arabis 134, 159-197, 207-249, 255- in Eastern and Central North 278. America. Rhod. 39: 63-76, 52. Gleason, Henry Allan. 1922. 155-167, 175-179. Vernoniaceae. N. am. Flora 65. _____. 1942. Cercis in North 33(1): 47-110. America. Rhod. 44: 193-211. 53. _____. 1952. New Britton and 66. Iltis, Hugh H. 1958. Studies Brown Illustrated Flora of in the Capparidaceae-IV the Northeastern United Polanisia Raf. Britt. 10: States and Adjacent Canada. 33-59. New York Bot. Gard. 67. Irving, W. 1835. Tour on the 54. Goodman, George J. 1950. ANew Prairies. Harlow Pub. Co. Variety of Saxifraga. Rhod. Okla. City. 1926: 8-10, 222. 52: 183. 68. Isely, Duane. 1953. Desmodium 55. Gould, C. N. 1903. Notes on Paniculatum (L.) DC. and D. Trees, Shrubs and Vines in viridiflorum (L) DC. Am. the Cherokee Nation. Trans. Midl. Nat. 49: 926-933.

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69. Jones, George Neville. 1940. A American West. Univ. of Okla. Monograph of the Genus Press, Norman. Symphoriacarpos. Arnold 83. Nuttall, T. 1821. A Journey of Arboretum Journ. 21: 201-232. Travels into Arkansa 70. Larisey, Mary Maxine. 1940. A Territory During the Year Monograph on the Genus 1819. Philadelphis. Repr. in Baptisia. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. Early Western Travels V. 13. 27: 119-244. 84 _____. 1837. Collections Toward 71. Lewis, Harlan. 1945. A a Flora of the Territory of Revision of the Genus Arkansas. American Trichostema. Britt. 5: 289- Philosophical Transactions. 291. Philadelphia V. (n.S.). 72. Mackenzie, Kenneth K. 1940. 85. Ogden, E. C. 1945. The Broad- North American Cariceae. 1 leaved Species of Potamogeton and 2: pl. 1-539. N.Y. Bot. of North America North of Gard. Mexico. 73. Mathias, Mildred E. and 86. Ownby, Gerald B. 1947. A Lincoln Constance. 1945. Monograph of the North Umbelliferae. N. Am. Flora. American Species of 28B: 43-295. Corydalis. Ann. Mo. Bot. 74. Munz, Philip A. 1938. Studies Gard. 34(3): 187-252. in Onagraceae XI. A Revision 87. Ownbey, Marion. 1950. Allium, of the Genus Gaura. Bull. the Genus in Texas. Research Tor. Bot. Cl. 65: 195-122, Studies of State College of 211-228. Wash. 18(4): 181-222. 75. _____. 1944. Studies in 88. Ownbey, Marion and Hannan C Onagraceae XIII. The American Aase. 1955. Cytotaxonomic Species of Ludwigia. Bull. Studies in Allium. 1. The Tor. Bot. Cl. 71: 152-165. Allium Canadense Alliance. 76. McClintock, Elizabeth and Carl Research Studies of the State Epling. 1942. A Revision of College of Wash. Monographic the Genus Monarda (Labiatae). sup. 1: 1-106. Univ. of Calif. Publ. in Bot. 89. Palmer, Ernest J. 1931. 20(2): 147-194. Conspectus of the Genus 77. McCoy, Doyle. 1954. The Genus Amorpha. Journ. Arn. Arb. 12: Lythrum in Oklahoma. Proc. 159-196. Okla. Acad. Sci. 33: 156-158. 90. _____. 1932. Leaves from a 78. McGregor, R. L. 1947. Two Collector’s Note Book. Journ. Varieties of Cystopteris Arn. Arb. 12: 436. fragilis. Am. Fern Journ. 40: 91. Pennell, Francis W. 1935. 201-207. Scrophulariaceae of Eastern 79. McKelvey, Susan Delano. 1955. Temperate North America. Botanical Exploration of the Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Trans-Mississippi West 1790- Monog. 1. 1850. Jamaica Plain, Mass. 92. Perdue, Robert E. Jr. 1957. Arn. Arb. Harvard Univ. Synopsis of Rudbeckia 80. McVaugh, Rogers. 1936. Studies Subgenus Rudbeckia. Rhod. 59: in the Distribution of the 293-299. Eastern North American 93. Perry, Lily M. 1933. A Species of Lobelia. Rhod. 38: Revision of the North 241-263, 276-282, 305-329, American Species of Verbena. 346-362. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 20: 239- 81. _____. 1943. Campanulaceae 362. (Lobelioideae). N. Am. Fl. 94. _____. 1937. Notes on 32(A)1: 36-82. Silphium. Rhod. 39: 281-297. 82. _____. 1956. Edward Palmer 95. _____. 1937. Variants in Two Plant Explorer of the Species of Delphinium (D.

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carolinianum, D. virescens). of a Portion of North-eastern Rhod. 39: 20-22. Oklahoma. Okla. Geol. Survey. 96. Rehder, Alfred. 1940. Manual Bul. 24: 63-64. of Cultivated Trees and 113. ____. 1917. Geography of Shrubs. Macmillan Co. 2nd ed. Oklahoma. Okla. Geol. Survey. 97. Rock, Howard E. L. 1957. A Bul. 27: 247-317. Revision of the Vernal 114. Stanford, E. E. 1926. Species of Helenium Polygonum hydropiperoides and (Compositae). Rhod 59: 101- Polygonum opelousanum. Rhod. 116, 128-158, 168-178, 203- 28: 23-27. 216. 115. Stemen, Thomas R. and W. 98. Rydberg, Per Axel. 1913. Stanley Myers. 1937. Oklahoma Agrimonia. N. Am. Fl. 22(5): Flora. Harlow Pub. Corp., 391-396. Okla. City. 99. _____. 1915. Gaillardia N. Am. 116. Steyermark, Julian A. 1934. Fl. 34(2): 131-140. Grindelia. Ann. Mo. Bot. 100. ____. 1922a. Iva. N. Am. Fl. Gard. 21: 515. 33(1): 3-7. 117. ____. 1938. Two Undescribed 101. ____. 1922b. Ambrosia Plants from Arkansas. Rhod. N.Am.Fl. 33(1): 15-22. 40: 71. 102. Sherff, Earl Edward. 1955. 118. ____. 1940. Spring Flora of Bidens. N. Am. Fl. Series Missouri. Mo. Bot. Gard. II(2): 70-129. 119. ____. 1941. AStudyof 103. ____. 1958. Coreopsis. N. Am. Arenaria patula. Rhod. 43: Fl. Series II(2):4-40. 325-333. 104. Schinners, Lloyd H. 1946. 120. Svensen, H. K. 1929. 1932, Revision of the Genus Kuhnia. 1933, 1937, 1939. Monographic Wrightia. 1(2): 122-144. Studies in the Genus 105. ____. 1947. Revision of the Eleocharis. Rhod. 31: 121- Genus Krigia Schreber. 135, 152-163, 167-191, 199- Wrightia. 1(3): 187-206. 219, 224-242, 34: 193-203, 106. ____. 1949. Transfer of Texas 215-227, 35: 377-389, 39: Species of Petalostemum to 210-231, 236-273. 41: 1-77, Dalea leguminosae). Field and 90-110. Lab. 17: 80-85. 121. Swallen, Jason R. 1950. Some 107. ____. 1950. The Species of Introduced Forage Grasses of Matelea (Including Gonolobus) the genus Andropogon and in North Central Texas. Field Related Species. Contr. Texas and Lab. 18: 73-75. Res. Found. 1(2): 15-19. 108. ____. 1951a. Agave lata, a 122. Tryon, Alice F. 1957. A New Species from North Texas Revision of the Fern Genus and Oklahoma. Field and Lab. Pellaea Section Pellaea. Ann. 19: 171-173. Mo. Bot. Gard. 44: 125-148. 109. ____. 1951b. Ceanothus 123. Tryon, R. M. Jr. 1941. A herbaceous Raf. for C. Revision of the Genus ovatus: a Correction of Name. Pteridium. Rhod. 43: 1-31, Field and Lab. 19: 33-34. 37-67. 110. ____. 1951c. The North Texas 124. Turner, Billie L. 1951. Species of Heterotheca, Revision of the United States Including Chrysopsis. Field Species of Neptunia.Am. and Lab. 19: 66-70. Midl. Nat. 46: 82-92. 111. ____. Small, John Kunkel. 125. ____. 1956. A Cytotaxonomic 1913. Flora of the Study of the Genus Southeastern United States. Hymenopappus. Rhod. 58: 163- Pub. By J. K. Small. New 186, 208-242, 250-269, 295- York. 2nd ed. 307. 112. Snyder, L. C. 1915. Geology 126. United States Department of

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Agriculture. 1941. Yearbook 136. Weatherby, C. A. 1927. The of Agriculture. Climate and Group of Acalypha virginica Man. (Wash., D.C.) Gov’t. in Eastern North America. Printing Office: 1065-1174. Rhod. 29: 193-204. 127. United States Department of 137. Wheeler, Louis Cutter. 1941. Commerce. Weather Bureau. Euphorbia Subgenus Chamaesyce 1951-1958. Climatological in Canada and the United Data, Oklahoma, Annual States Exclusive of Southern Summary. (Wash., D.C.) Gov’t. Florida. Rhod. 43: 97-154, Printing Office: V. 60-67. 160-205, 223-385. 128. Wallis, Charles S. 1958. 138. Wherry, Edgar T. 1935. An Additions to the Oklahoma Ozark Variety of Phlox Flora from the Oklahoma pilosa. Am. Mid. Nat. 16: Ozarks. Proc. Okla. Acad. 413-416. Sci. 38: 3-5. 139. Wiegand, K. M. 1920a. 129. Waterfall, U. T. 1950. Some Eupatorium purpureum and Its Additions to the Oklahoma Allies. Rhod. 22: 57-69. Flora. Rhod. 52: 35. 140. ____. 1920b. Variations in 130. ____. 1951. The Genus Lactuca canadensis. Rhod. 22: Callirhoe (Malvaceae) in 9-11. Texas. Field and Lab. 19: 141. ____. 1921. The Genus 107-118. Echinochloa in North merica. 131. ____. 1952. A Catalogue of Rhod. 23: 49-65. the Flora of Oklahoma. 142. ____. 1923. Notes on Research Foundation of Okla. Triosetum perfoliatum and State Univ. Related Species. Rhod. 25: 132. ____. 1954. Studies in the 199-203. Composition and Distribution 143. ____. 1925. Oxalis of the Oklahoma Flora-XXI. corniculata and Its Relatives Rhod. 56: 160. in North America. Rhod. 27: 133. ____. 1958. A Taxonomic Study 113-139. of the Genus Physalis in 144. Wilbur, Robert L. 1955. A North America North of Revision of the North Mexico. Rhod. 60: 107-114, American Genus Sabatia 128-142, 152-173. (Gentianaceae). Rhod. 57: 1- 134. ____. 1953-1959. Keys to the 33, 43-47. Flora of Oklahoma. Unpubl. 145. Woodson, Robert E. Jr. 1954. Manuscript. Okla. State Univ. The North American Species of 135. Waterfall, U. T. and Charles Asclepias L. Ann. Mo. Bot. S. Wallis. 1953. Additions to Gard. 41: 1-211. the Oklahoma Flora from 146. Yuncker, Truman G. 1932. The Cherokee County. Proc. Okla. Genus Cuscuta. Mem. Torr. Acad. Sci. 34: 124-125. Bot. Cl. 18: 113-331.

Wallis, C.S.