4454 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE March 21 By Mr. LANE: By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legis­ provide legislation designed to afford ade­ H. Con. Res. 201. Concurrent resolution lature of the State of California, memorial­ quate protection for domestic industry in expressing the sense of Congress that all izing the President and the Congress of the the field of international trade; to the Com­ of our U.S. naval shipyards and facilities United States relative to imports of live­ mittee on Ways and Means. be maintained on a fully manned opera­ stock and livestock products; to the Com­ tional basis performing essential Navy or mittee on Ways and Means. other Department of Defense work in the Also, memorial of the Legislature of the PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS interest of our national defense, and that State of Georgia, memorializing the Presi­ the President of the United States be urged dent and the Congress of the United States Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private to instruct the Secretary of Defense to take relative to a resolution requesting Congress bills and resolutions were introduced and all necessary steps to insure this end, in­ to propose an amendment to the U.S. Con­ severally referred as follows: cluding the immediate cancellation and stitution, and for other purposes; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. ABBITT: withdrawal of any and all instructions or H .R. 5811. A bill for the relief of Harry L. orders issued or contemplated by the Depart­ Also, memorial of the Legislature of the State of Montana, memorializing the Pres­ Watson; to the Committee on the Judiciary. ment of the Navy incompatible with this H.R. 5812. A bill for the relief of James E. purpose; to the Committee on Armed Serv­ ident and the Congress of the United States relative to requesting the issuance of a li­ Silver; to the Committee on the Judiciary. ices. By Mr. HEALEY: By Mr. GEORGE P. MILLER: cense by the Federal Power Commission for the construction and operation of dams and H.R. 5813. A bill for the relief of Joseph H. Con. Res. 202. Concurrent resolution ex­ A. Simon; to the Committee on the Judiciary. pressing the sense of Congress that all of hydroelectric facilities at Buffalo Rapids Sites Nos. 2 and 4 in Lake County and By Mr. LESINSKI: our U.S. naval shipyards and facilities be Sanders County, Mont.; to the Committee on H.R. 5814. A bill for the relief of Bessie maintained on a fully manned operational Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Kour; to the Committee on the Judiciary. basis performing essential Navy or other De­ By Mr. McDONOUGH: partment of Defense work in the interest Also, memorial of the Legislature of the State of New York, memorializing the Pres­ H.R. 5815. A bill for the relief of Tai Ju of our national defense, and that the Presi­ ident and the Congress of the United States Seo and Il Ra Han Seo; to the Committee on dent of the United States be urged to in­ relative to the construction of a deepwater the Judiciary. struct the Secretary of Defense to take all canal linking Lakes Erie and Ontario; to the By Mr. GEORGE P. MILLER: necessary steps to insure this end, including Committee on Appropriations. H.R. 6816. A bill for the relief of Margaret the immediate cancellation and withdrawal Also, memorial of the Legislature of the Barker; to the Committee on the Judiciary. of any and all instructions or orders issued State of Pennsylvania, memorializing the By Mr. OLSEN: or contemplated by the Department of the President and the Congress of the United H.R. 5817. A bill for the relief of Shi-Kuang Navy incompatible with this purpose; to the States :relative to urging Congress to rees­ Yao; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Committee on Armed Services. tablish a Civilian Conservation Corps; to the By Mr. WALTER: By Mr. POFF: Committee on Education and Labor. H.R. 6818. A bill for the relief of Mrs. H. Con. Res. 2'03. Concurrent resolution Also, memorial of the Legislature of the Catherine M. Halenar; to the Committee on favoring action to exclude Cuban Govern­ State of Utah, memorializing the President the Judiciary. ment representatives from membership on and the Congress of the United States to op­ By Mr.FULTON: the Inter-American Defense Board; to the pose national preservation acts; to the Com­ H.J. Res. 332. Joint resolution to authorize Committee on Foreign Affairs. mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs. the appointment of General of the Army Also, memorial of the Legislature of the Douglas MacArthur as General of the Armies State of Utah, memorializing the President of the United States; to the Committee on and the Congress of the United States to Armed Services. MEMORIALS provide adequate facility for the crossing of Under clause 4 of rule XXII, memo­ the Colorado River in the vicinity of Hite, Utah; to the Committee on Public Works. PETITIONS, ETC. rials were presented and referred as Also, memorial of the Legislature of the follows: State of Utah, memorializing the President Under clause 1 of rule XXII, By Mr. BREEDING: Memorial of the Kan­ and the Congress of the United States rela­ 100. The SPEAKER presented a petition sas State Legislature notifying the U.S. tive to requesting the enactment of legis­ of L. B. Thomas, city clerk, Pomona, Calif., Army Chief of Engineers of the desire of the lr.tion regulating importing of lead and zinc; relative to urging support and approval of Kansas Legislature relative to water sup­ to the Committee on Ways and Means. legislation to allow municipal corporations ply features in Milford Reservoir and other Also, memorial of the Legislature of the to acquire Federal surplus property, which authorized reservoir projects; to the Com­ State of Utah, memorializing the President was referred to the Committee on Govern­ mittee on Public Works. and the Congress of the United States to ment Operations.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Wiley-Dodd Interview on Communism vice chairman of the Senate Internal to further strengthen our internal security Security Subcommittee, the Honorable efforts, as well as to be better educated THOMAS J. DODD, in a radio-television about, and armed against, overall Commu­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS nist threats to our security. to OF program. I ask unanimous consent At this time, we are privileged to welcome have excerpts of the interview printed to the program the Honorable THOMAS DODD, HON. ALEXANDER WILEY in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD . . vice chairman of the Internal Security Sub­ OF WISCONSIN There being no objection, the excerpts committee of the U.S. Senate. Welcome, TOM. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES were order to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: Senator DODD. Thank you, Senator WILEY. Tuesday, March 21, 1961 I consider it a privilege to join you in a dis­ WILEY-DODD URGE GREATER CITIZEN ACTION cussion of threats to our internal security. Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, commu­ PROGRAM TO COMBAT COMMUNISM Only if the public is aware of, and alert to, nism continues to be the No. 1 threat Senator WILEY. The Nation-now and in · these dangers, can we take the necessary to our security. For the future, we can the future-must keep alert to guard against steps to protect our Nation and way of life. expect that the growing power, econom­ threats to its secwity at home and abroad. Senator WILEY. Is there any doubt in.your ically, as well as militarily, of the Soviet On global and domestic fronts the Com­ mind that communism, at home and abroad, munists-deadly enemies of freedom-pur­ is the No. 1 threat to our security? bloc, will present an even greater threat, sue their goal of world conquest. How? By Senator DoDD. None at all. not only to the security of the United aggression, subversion, sabotage, infiltration. Senator WILEY. What about the U.S. Com­ States, but to the survival of freedom in What tactics do they use? All kinds: Open munist Party? According to estimates, it the world. and secret, legal and illegal, ethical and un­ has a membership of about 25,000 members. To cope with such broad-scope dan­ ethical, humanitarian and genocidal. Senator DODD. In my judgment, that's an gers, we need realistic policies at home Confronted by this great, and growing, extremely rough estimate. The Reds, as you and abroad. threat to our survival, we need a strong se­ well know, operate in spy-like fashion. Con• curity system, internally and externally, to sequently, it is extremely difficult to get a Recently, I was privileged to discuss · parry, and counter, the deadly thrusts of clear picture of the party and its activities. highlights of the Communist challenge­ this enemy at the heart of America. In the Organized in 1919, the Reds, working openly particularly as these relate to our in­ face of a Red enemy, constantly probing for and secretly, have agitated for strikes, riots, ternal security-with the distinguished weak spots in our system, however, we need social unrest, and demonstrations, such as 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 4455 the riots last year against the House Un­ munist-dominated unions, for example, As a ranking xninority II?,ember on both American Activities Committee hearings in represents one of the worst setbacks ever the Judiciary and Foreign Relations Com­ San Francisco. In addition, they have en­ inflicted on the United States Communist mittees, you, Senator WILEY, have had long gaged in espionage, sabotage, subversion, and Party. experience in fighting this menace to free­ other acts that threaten our security. YOUT.H-MAJOR TARGET OF REDS dom at home and abroad. How do you Senator WILEY. In your judgment, are We must be alerted to the great effort of evaluate the situation? U.S. Communists closely tied to the apron communism, also, to reach, and convert the Senator Wn.EY. From experience-and the strings of Moscow? youth-not only of the United States, but facts of life in the 1960's-I can say this: Senator DoDD. In any sound assessment, of the wo:rld. W~nning the battle against communism will the Communist Party 'U.S.A. must be con­ Senator DODD. Very definitely, Senator not be easy. The challenge will require a sidered an arm of world communism. Allied WILEY. The successful Communist ex­ total effort by our own people-and thoae with this increasingly powerful international ploitation and manipulation of youth and of our allies. The actions will involve further conspiracy, it is especially dangerous. student groups throughout the world today strengthening our jet-missile-nuciear-space Senator WILEY. You feel, then, that the is a major challenge which free world forces defense-to serve as a deterrent against U.S. Reds, ready to take orders from Mos­ must meet and defeat. Recent events would-be aggressors; bolS'terlng the free cow, would rise up against the United States, clearly reveal that world communism has world alliances-economically and political~ if they might be successful? launched a massive campaign to capture and ly, as well as militarily; stepping up our of­ Senator DODD. Yes. The evidence was best m aneuver youth and student groups. fensive on the ideological battlefl"ont; finding presented by Gus Hall, the No. 1 U.S. Com­ The vigor and vitality of such groups con­ realistic solutions to our economfc prob­ munist. When asked the question: "And stitutes an explosive force. Channeled into lems to better enab!e our free enterprise are you willing to take up arms and over­ proper outlets, it can accomplish immeasur­ system to meet the production-line challenge throw the constituted authorities?'' he able good for a peace-and-progress world. of the Communist system; and, above all, answered: "When the time comes, yes." Manipulated into destructive channels, how­ revitalizing in our citizens. the patriotic, In these five simple words lie the deadiy eve:r, this force can create chaos. Overall, moral, and spiTitual dedication to the cause proxnise of communism. the capture of the youth of the world is a of freedom. Senato:r WILEY. Recognizing this grave major goal of Communist strategy. We Even with an all-out effort to combat com­ threat, we, naturally, need to keep our laws must therefore, take more effectfve measures munism, however, we can expect a long, up to date for greater security. to prevent our youth from being taken in difficult struggle. Senator DODD, As a member and former by innocent-looking, but often dangerous, Senator Do'I>D. You're right, Senator WILEY. chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, lures thrown out by the Reds. Failing to alert our people and dedicate the Senator, you have long exhibited a deep con­ Senator WILEY. Overall, an effective secu­ necessary resources to protecting freedom cern about the Red dangers; and have forth­ rity system requires teamwork--and dedi­ would spell grave dangers for our future. If rightly supported efforts to strengthen our cated cooperation efforts-between citizens we mobilize--in effort, spirit, and resources-­ laws, law enforcement agencies and judicial and their local, State, and Federal law­ however, I am confident that we can, and system. enforcement agencies. will, win the battle. You well recall, of course, the acts of Con­ Let me say, however, that I don't believe Senator WILEY. Now, TOM, I want to ex­ gress dealing with the Communist menace? in witch hunts;· or in creating a climate of press my gratitude for your taking time out These include: fear in which people jump at shadows. To of your busy schedule to join me in a dis­ 1. The Voorhis Act of 1940, requiring that the contrary: I am confident that by effec­ cussion of a topic of deep interest to my any organization in the United States en­ tive, vigilant law enforcement-and maxi­ home folks in Wisconsin. · Thank you very gaged in political activity and subject to for­ mum cooperation of our citizens-we can much. eign control would be required to register minimize the Communist threat to our in­ with the AttorRey Genel!al of the United ternElll sec'Urity, and catch and punish vio­ ratorS' of raws. Byelorussian Independence Day States. Now, TOM, do you have any recommenda­ 2. The Smith Act of lMO, prohibiting the tions for more effective "citizen action" to teaching and advocacy of overthrowing the EXTENSION OF REMARKS Government by force or violenC'e, and also combat the menace of communism? Senator DODD. As an individualist-like OF membership in such an organfzatfon with yourself, Senator WILEY-I naturally respect knowledge of this purpose; and the rights of each citizen to interpret his HON. GLENARD P. LIPSCOMB s. The Internal Security Act of 1950~ re­ civic, patriotic responsibility according to OF CALIFORNIA quiring that any Communist organization or his own conscience. front register its members, disclose its fi­ Nevertheless, I believe there are definite 1N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nances, and label its propagand.a as Com­ steps which would, if taken, better enable Tuesday, March Zl, J961 munist. us to cope with the Red menace·. These in­ Senator WILEY. Through the years, also clude greater efforts to fl) educate our Mr. LIPSCOMB. Mr. Speaker, March several States-and rightly so--have estab­ citizens to the true nature, dangers, and 25 will be a day of deep significance and lished special committe-es to investigate sub­ tactics of United States and international importance to Byelorussians and their versive activities and recommend necessary communism; (2) dedicate ourselves more friends evell'yWhere. On. that day, 43 legislation. This helps, I believe, to focus­ completely to the ideas and ideals of free­ public attention: on-and more effectively years ago, Byelorussia was proclaimed an dom; (3,) support efforts 'to further improve independent state. deal with-the dangers of communism at: our free society;: (4) exercise the right to home. vote-electing representatives who would Byleorussia's existence as an inde­ Senator DODD. I am seriously concerned, enable us to progress in the right direction, pendent state unfortunately was short however, with a serious shortcoming in our but a:lso, effectively fight against our ene­ lived. However, the stroDg· spil:rit of its efforts to deal legally with this danger to our mies; (5) imbue in our citizens a great people which won that independence goes security. For the most part,, laws relating realization that we are in a battle of survival on. This spirit has existed over the to internal security are based on past experi­ against communism; apathy could be fatal; is ence, rather than on anticipation of future and (6) stre:ngthen our efforts to elim}nate· course of many centuries and it still problems. The Communists-on the other bfgotry, prejudice, hate--arl blights on our strong and firm today. hand-are long-range conspira.tors, planning nationa:l integrity~ Byelorussians can proudly boast of far into the futul!e. Consequently, we can­ Senator WILEY. I concur wholeheartedly. their long and glorious history,, which not always be sure that leg,islation, in itself, As vice chairman of the Senate Internal antedates the history of Russi& Though will guarantee the internal security of the Security Subcommittee, you are doing a that country early i:n modern times be­ Nation. vigorous, sprendid job. crune a part of Russfa and many attempts. Senator Wn:.EY. That fs true. Recogniz-­ Now, as we discussed earlier, communism were made to eradicate an Byeloi:ussian ing thiS' situation, we must make greater in this country cannot be Isolated from the tradition and distinctive national traits, efforts to gear our laws-including the up­ world conspiracy. Would you give us a brief dating of existing statutes,, and the writing look-from your vantage point-at the global the Byeforussian people have never been of new ones-to the future, not the past:. horizons on which communism threatens willing to forgo and forget their national Senator DoDD. In addition to Federal and the surviv,al of freedom. and individuaI identity. They have al­ State action, there ia also a. real need for Senator DODD. Currently, there are an es­ ways wanted to, regain their freedom and alertness, and a willingness to act, at the timated 36 million Communists working in independence, and for centuries set local community level., The private citizen­ 86 countries around the world. Overall, they political independence for their national individually, and through hia ctvic, labor, control about 1 billion people, and vast land .goal They obtained that, goal in 1918. religious, education~ businessr eultural, and and natural resources. Witness the activity In that year, when the decrepit other organizations. can do much to thwlll't of the Communists in Cuba, Laos, Africa, the aims of communism and strengthen our South America, and elsewhere on thiS" globe. czarist regime in Russia was no more, 1'-ree s1s.tem. Day by day, the Reds are attempting to and the new Communist. regime there Senator Wn.l!!Y. I agree. The expulsion further expand and mobiiize this empire into was· still in its infancy, the Byelorussians from the CIO in 1949 and 1950, of 11 Com- a machine to take over the world. regained their freedom and proclaimed 4456 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE March 21 their independence by establishing · the general, I know of no better way to enhance Prof. Mario Pei, in his "The ~tory of .Lan­ Byelorussian National Republic. At the Latin American cordial relations than to guage," page 165: time it was hoped that some 10 million establish firmly in one of our neighboring "Sports and games penetrate the language countries to the south of us a new baseball to the same extent that they are penetrated Byelorussians, having become sovereign team embraced within either of our big by it. The English tongue is replete with in their historic homeland and masters leagues. This may be difficult of achieve­ sporting terminology which has overrun its of their own destiny, would be allowed ment but it is not impossible. Baseball in bank ('hit-and-run drivers,' 'to pinch hit to enjoy the fruits of freedom in peace. Puerto Rico is a most popular sport. Evi­ for someone,' •to hit below the belt,' 'to Their subsequent history however took dence of the intense joy that Puerto Ricans jump the gun,' •to be on the inside track,' a sad and tragic turn. derive from baseball may be seen any week­ 'to be in the chips', 'to be behind the eight end at the Yankee Stadium, where great ball,' 'it isn't cricket,' 'according to Hoyle') . Early in 1921, before the Byelorussians numbers of Puerto Ricans, residents of the 'Trump' and 'ten-ace,' 'pawn' and 'check­ had sufficient time to consolidate and city of New York, are cheering on their mate' have international figurative currency. strengthen their government, Commu­ favorites. Baseball and its terminology have probably nists attacked and overran the country, Puerto Rico has supplied many talented done more to bring the meaning of the thus putting an end to the independent baseball players to our present league teams. American way of life home to the Europeans, Byelorussian National Republic. Since To mention some outstanding in the sport, Latin Americans and Japanese than any we have: Hi Bithorn, Chicago Cubs; Luis form of direct cultural propaganda. Beisbol that time little is heard of the country Rodriquez Olmo, Dodgers; Luis Canena and jonron ('home run') are as familiar to or of its people. Today, and for more Marquez, Pirates; Carlos Bernier, Pirates; the Mexicans as their native corrida and than four decades, these sturdy and Ruben Gomez, Giants; Roberto Clemente, matador, and Latin American crowds have stouthearted Byelorussians have been Pirates; Vic Power, Cleveland; Nino Escalera, learned to cry 'Maten al arbitro' with the suffering under the ruthless regime of Cincinnati; Orlando Cepeda, Giants; Jose A. same gusto with which Yankee Stadium fans Communist totalitarian tyranny main­ Pagan, Giants; Terin Pizarro, Milwaukee. shout, 'Kill the umpire'." tained by the Kremlin. These people, Luis Tite Arroyo is probably one of the main­ Sincerely yours, stays of the Yankee pitching staff. EMANUEL CELLER, even under the worst of tyrannies, have The distance between Puerto Rico and Chairman. not given up their hope for freedom and many of the larger cities may no longer be independence. They still ever fervently deemed a factor in this jet propelled age. cherish that noble ideal, and at this 43d Puerto Rico has a huge baseball-hungry anniversary of the independence day, all population. It is also a warm weather city Republican Problems of us in the free world wish them where baseball may be played the year strength and fortitude in their struggle round. against Communist tyranny. I am informed that a number of public EXTENSION OF REMARKS spirited Puerto Ricans would be willing to OF join a group of Americans to finance such a team in Puerto Rico and I am advised HON. CHET HOLIFIELD that the Puerto Rican Government has been OF CALIFORNIA Major League Baseball for San Juan, P.R. approached on this matter, and its Adminis­ trator of Parks, Senor Monagas, made the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES EXTENSION OF REMARKS following statement: Tuesday, March 21, 1961 "This department ( Commonwealth of OF Puerto Rico Public Parks and Recreation Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I have Administration) will provide (if assurances recently noted in the press several ar­ HON. EMANUEL CELLER · by either major league is given that a fran­ ticles describing the plans of the Repub­ OF NEW YORK chise wlll issue to a San Juan club) for lican National Committee to undertake IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the use by the new major league San Juan a series of extensive research projects to club, a stadium with a seating capacity of Tuesday, March 21, 1961 not less than 50,000 persons. try to discover why the Republican pres­ Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, last Each of the two major baseball leagues idential candidate carried only 14 of the week, I sent a letter to Commissioner has already expanded as a result of public 40 U.S. cities of over 300,000 population of Baseball Ford C. Frick proposing that pressure from 8 to 10 teams in as many last November. According to these re­ cities. These four new cities are all in the ports, Mr. Ray C. Bliss, Ohio GOP organized baseball give consideration to continental U.S.A. I am also informed that the establishment of a major league chairman, is heading up a special task telegraphic advices were given to you and force established for this purpose. baseball franchise in San Juan, P.R. Messrs. Giles and Cronin, National and I proposed that San Juan either be American League baseball presidents, under At the risk of being presumptuous, I added as one of the new franchises in date of November 29, 1960, that San Juan would suggest to our Republican friends the two major leagues or that it be part would welcome officially a franchise in either that they can avoid time, costly research, of a new third major league. Aside league. field studies, and complex statistical from the advantage this would create I would even heighten my baseball sights. analyses in the effort to find an answer for .baseball in general, I know of no I would envisage the possibility of a team to this perplexing question. The Re­ in Tokyo, Japan, or in Mexico City, Mexico. publican researchers need only to ex­ better way to enhance Latin American Baseball has inspired the youth of Japan cordial relations than to establish firmly and Mexico and teams have been organized amine the dismal record of their own in one of our neighbo1ing countries to all over those countries. I also refer to party in Congress on those issues which the south of us a new baseball team Panama, Venezuela, Nicaragua-all of which vitally affect the Nation's city dwellers. embraced within either of our big have many baseball teams. I omit Cuba Of course, I realize the difficulty which leagues. This may be difficult of because of present conditions there, though they have always encountered in any achievement but it is not impossible. there is a great reservoir of baseball talent attempt to look at voting records from in Cuba. It is interesting to note that even an objective basis. I am therefore tak­ I also mentioned some of the many Dictator Castro realizes the importance of talented baseball players in our pres­ baseball by t>xpressing his willingness to ing the liberty of supplying them with ent major league teams who have come grant exit permits to Cuban major league the statistical record of GOP votes in from Puerto Rico and indicated that players to enable them to participate in or­ the House and Senate from 1947 to 1960 the distance between Puerto Rico and ganized baseball in the United States dur­ on legislation directly affecting the many of the existing cities in the major ing the coming season. well-being of urban residents. It clearly leagues is no longer a serious factor in One of the best ways to create amity and shows the lack of GOP concern on such view of this jet-propelled age. accord and understanding between the coun­ issues as housing and slum clearance, in­ tries is by mutual sport contests. flation, highways and airport construc­ The text of my letter is as follows: If, for any reason, a new San Juan team MARCH 16, 1961. could not be fitted into the regular playing tion, small business, the need of de­ DEAR COMMISSIONER FRICK: A most inter­ schedule of the big leagues, it might be pressed areas, and the extension of esting proposal has been suggested to me well to ponder a third league of cities partly minimum wage coverage and unemploy­ recently that I wish to call to your atten­ in and partly out of continental United ment compensation benefits. tion. This proposal has my heartiest en­ States. I would hope, Mr. Speaker, that in the dorsement. As was stated to me in a memorandum cold light of postelection soul searching The proposal is to accord a major league submitted to me by Mr. M. A. Krisel to show baseball franchise to the Latin American the interplay of sports in general and base­ now going on in Republican ranks, the city of San Juan, P.R. Aside from the ad­ ball in particular and their influences upon top Republican Party policymakers vantage this would create for baseball in the various languages of the world, I quote would prevail upon their congressional 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 4457 leaders to make substantial improve­ proposals in this important area. Only publican residential candidates in the ment in their party's urban legislative in this way can the GOP lay the f ounda­ future. record by voting to support President tion to make possible any effective ap­ The analysis of GOP versus Demo­ Kennedy's constructive and realistic peal to city dwellers for support of Re-: cratic votes on urban issues follows:

1947-52 1953-60

Senate House Senate House Type of urban issue Percent for- Percent for- Percent for- Percent for-

Demo- Repub- Demo- Repub- Demo- Repub- Demo- Repub- crats licans crats licans crats licans crats licans ------1-----1---1----1------1. Promotion of slum clearance and l1ome financing______19 85 42 25 80 37 34 80 29 23 86 34 2. Legislation to curb inflation______40 83 34 27 81 39 4 81 26 .. ______3. Legislation for highway and airport construction_------8 70 29 2 99 82 11 93 37 9 85 58 4. Legislation to assist small business______9 75 44 3 84 36 7 75 12 3 92 66 5. Legislation to aSsist depressed areas ______------9 83 24 4 76 24 6. Expand minimum wage and unemployment compensation__ 6 64 47 7 69 28 20 72 30 10 78 53

Sugar ments that are being made to improve grams were not supplied. However, the production in these countries, but I do following countries have had sugar de­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS feel that our domestic producers should velopments of some sort involved in their have at least an equal right expand programs. OF to and grow in this important commodity. Vietnam: Various training programs HON. THOMAS G. MORRIS EXPORT-IMPORT BANK from 1955 to 1959. . OF NEW MEXICO Tunisia: 1959 . In 26 years they have issued 45 credits Indonesia: Technical production, ex­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in the amount of $50,753,192 to sugar production and processing. perimental plots, 1959. Tuesday, March 21, 1961 Iran: June 1952 until March 1957- Mr. MORRIS. Mr. Speaker, in point­ PHILIPPINES $635,000 to expand a plant. February Nov. 22, 1957 ______$70,000 ing out some of the difficulties of our Feb. 17, 1959 ______42,948 1953 until March 1956-$931,000, two domestic sugar industry, I think the Apr. 30, 1959 ______202,144 plants. following facts and figures might be of Apr. 8, 1960 ______12,142 Sudan: Survey in 1959. interest. For example, the latest infor­ Aug. 25, 1960 ______110,736 Taiwan: Support to improve refining mation available with regard to new Jan. 27, 1961 ______167,000 equipment 1952-53, 1954, 1955. producer data shows that in 1960 some ECUADOR INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK 5,338 farmers requested 189,442 acres to Feb. 17, 1959 ______62,000 Bolivia in a $10 million global credit grow sugarbeets. However, only 1,243 Feb. 2, 1960------58,000 received $1,800,000 to increase by 50 per.­ participated in the allotted new acreage Nov. 18, 1960 ______32,500 cent a sugar processing plant. of 17,282. In other words, 23 percent of Dec. 13, 1960 ------14,500 Argentina has applied for a global the applicants received 10 percent of the Dec. 20, 1960 ______110, 000 requested acreage. Even these figures Dec. 29, 1960 ______118,000 credit of $800,000 to be used in sugar Dec. 29, 1960 ______96,000 development. do not show the true picture. Many Haiti has requested a global credit of farmers who would have liked to get into MEXICO $4 million and if approved, part of the production did not ask for any acreage June 14, 1956______32,000 Feb. 14, 1957______33,400 money would go to double the produc­ because from past experience only a Apr.3, 1958 ______3,000,000 tion of an existing sugar plant. · small amount has been made available. Mar. 4,1960______22,000 Honduras has presented an applica­ New producer data, 1960 ARGENTINA tion, part of which is to increase a sugar plant daily capacity by 40 percent. Num- Acres Shares Acres Feb.23, 1956______310,000 State ber of re- estab- estab- May 9, 1957______97,000 INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION re- quested lished lished Mar. 31, 1960 ______l, 787,000 AND DEVELOPMENT quests Aug.12, 1960 ______.______110,000 -- They have been making agriculture BRAZll. California ______.--~ 41,609 51 loans for several years, some of which Colorado ______794 1, 279 Oct.9, 1957 ______have gone into sugar production. How­ Idaho ______282 6,408 147 1, 828 32,100 845 14,896 147 798 Jan. 31, 1958 ______33,500 ever, figures were not available showing TI!inois ______-- 7 168 7 168 Iowa ______Jan. 15, 1958------~------33,600 actual support of sugar. Kansas ______4 220 4 165 63 2,930 3 90 HONDURAS INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION Michigan ______257 3,607 257 3,607 Minnesota ______887 54,780 39 1,372 Aug. 1, 1957 ______1, ooo, ooo Tanganyika: June 2, 1960, $2,800,000 Montana ______113 2.846 54 809 Nebraska ______218 6, 172 103 1,368 PERU for sugar development. Nevada ______7 383 6 110 Mar. 28, 1957______$731,000 New Mexico ______4 300 4 100 North Dakota ______251 13,928 7 230 DEVELOPMENT LOAN FUND Ohio ______ll(i 1,873 116 1, 773 Oregon ______Bolivia: 59 1,212 31 248 1959 ______2,500,000 Congressional Recess South Dakota ______11 322 7 190 Texas ______155 10,780 6 18 1961 ______1,750,000 Utah ______103 1,191 103 734 Washington ______911 20,563 46 368 EXTENSION OF REMARKS Wisconsin ______83 1,821 83 1,821 Haiti: Applications were considered and OF Wyoming ______168 3,433 22 206 approved in 1960 for $3,000,000, how­ ------Total. ______5,338 189,442 1,243 17,282 ever, this was canceled in 1961. An­ HON. ROBERT R. BARRY other application has been received in OF NEW YORK In contrast to the above where the do­ February of this year for $3,000,000. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mestic industry has been prevented from Guatemala: An application has been re­ Tuesday, March 21, 1961 increasing their production, below are ceived for $5,592,000. This has been refe1Ted to the Export-Import Bank. Mr. BARRY. Mr. Speaker, 13 Sena­ some figures which point out how our tors, headed by Senator McGEE, of Wyo­ Government has encouraged the expan­ INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ADMIN'lSTRATION ming, have introduced an excellent rec­ sion of sugar-producing areas outside of A large number of their loans are for ommendation which should be seriously this country. I do not want to imply general agriculture developments, and considered by the House. They suggest that I am opposed to some of the invest- actual figures of support for sugar pro.: in Senate Concurrent Resolution 16 that 4458 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE March 21 Congress take its long recess in the sum­ separated from the Atlantic or Pacific establishment of scholarships would provide mer instead of the early winter so that Ocean by little if any more than 2 days' the very much needed measure of assistance travel over good highways. Only 50 for many thousands of our capable young Members may go on vacation with their people who desire to go on to college or families. years ago, their forebears lived out their university study but for whom the cost of I am today introducing an identical lives without seeing either of these attending college is beyond their family in­ House concurrent resolution to give the great bodies of water, because travel come possibilities. House the opportunity of discussing this was too expensive or travel time too You are undoubtedly familar with the question. I think this proposal would great. The Rocky Mountains, our mag­ various reports indicating the cost of at­ increase the efficiency of the Congress nificent national parks, the Grand Can­ tending college. More recent information and I urge that it be seriously studied. yon, the Great Lakes-all the wonders such as that reported by the U.S. Office of of America-have all been brought Education indicates that the mean total cur­ Senator McGEE said that when the rent expenditure for publicly controlled in­ children are out of school during July, closer to our families by the roads we stitutlons-1960-61-is $1,300; for privately August, and September, Congress is have built. controlled institutions the estimate ls $2,100. usually in session, preventing Members Because of better roads, our national These estimates include expenditures for from leaving with their families. Then, resources are more accessible. The out­ tuition and required fees, room rent and when Congress adjourns late in August put of our factories, and the products of board, clothing and other current needs. If or early September, the children are our farms are more easily moved to the we consider the tuition costs alone of col­ getting ready to go back to school and consumer, and in better condition, be­ leges and universities, we may observe that a Member who wishes to return to his cause of highways. Our national de­ the increase for publicly controlled institu­ fense has been made more secure by the tions since 1949-50 is around 86 percent State must leave his family here. while for privately controlled institutions To take care of any emergencies, the roads we already have. the percentage increase is 91 percent. The resolution would permit the leaders to But, Mr. Speaker, with all that has estimated expenditures in 196o-61 for stu­ call Congress back during the summer been done, roadbuilding has not kept up dents in public colleges for room rent and recess if necessary. with America's needs for more and bet­ board alone totals about $434 with tuition Since the end of the war it has be­ _ter highways. The Federal-Aid High­ and fees totaling $225. This leaves the aver­ come a fact of life that Congress is in way Act of 1956 provides for construc­ age student very linlited funds for clothing, session 9 or 10 months each year. The tion and improvements on our interstate books, transportation and other expendi­ defense highways, and roadways sub­ tures. I would like to insert a table showing procedure of recessing during summer college costs based upon the U.S. Office of months would in no way change this. sidiary to that system to meet our traf­ Education information. [See tables.-] It would merely shift the period of our fic needs 14 years from now. The bene­ There are many persons who argue against time off to a different season to make it fits of the roads already built extend to a program of Federal scholarships for assist­ possible to do some living with our fam­ all our people. The need for an orderly ance to capable and deserving high school ilies, our children-and I hasten to add, continuation of the road building pro­ graduates. They argue that if a student has grandchildren. gram is urgent. motivation toward college he wlll be able In view of the tremendous contribu­ to make it somehow. Others speak of the tions good roads make to our better possibility of students working their way through college. I would agree with the living standards and to the prosperity fact that there are certainly rewarding bene­ A Proposed National Highway Week of our Nation, I propose, through the fits to the student who is able to work his introduction of House Concurrent Reso­ way through college. I would agree also that EXTENSION OF REMARKS lution 198, to call the public's attention a large number of capable students lack to the importance of highways through adequate motivation from home and school OF the establishment of National Highway which would direct them toward college or Week this year from May 21 to May 27. university study. It ls interesting to note, HON. GEORGE H. FALLON however, the following comment in a report OF MARYLAND Mr. Speaker, I urge every Member of this body to support favorable action on by the U.S. Office of Education on the reten­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this resolution. tion and withdrawal of college students: Tuesday, March 21, 1961 "• • • No single reason for discontinuance could be identified as most important, al­ Mr. FALLON. Mr. Speaker, we in though the inference that the financial fac­ America are especially well pleased in National Defense Scholarships for tor predominated ls supported by its high the number of freedoms we enjoy in a rating importance in combination with other world from which too many freedoms Higher Education . high ranking factors having financial impli­ cations such as enlisting for military service have disappeared in recent years. One by men and taking a full-time Job by women. of the greatest freedoms our people have EXTENSION OF REMARKS Significantly greater importance was assigned is their freedom of mobility, made pos­ OF to the financial factor by students who sible by the development of the Nation's transferred to less expensive institutions or highways. HON. ABRAHAM J. MULT_ER dropped out after the first year than by A national system of highways in OF NEW YORK dropouts from the institution of first regis­ America has made it possible for us to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tration during the first year." 1 This study also gives some attention to the move about with ease. Because of our Tuesday, March 21, 1961 general income range of families of students highways, our people are granted greater who continue their studies to graduate. It choice in where they shall live, where Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, on Janu­ reported: they shall work, and where their busi­ ary 3, 1961, I introduced H.R. 805, to "• • • The median annual income of nesses and industries shall be estab­ provide for a college scholarship pro­ parents of nongraduating students was $437 lished. gram. less than that of parents whose children Indeed, the importance of what· has Last week the Special Subcommittee graduated. • • • the chances are 97 to 100 already been done in building the Na­ on Education of the House Education that the dropouts during or at the end of and Labor Committee held hearings on the first registration period would have a tion's highways is readily translatable lower median family income than dropouts in terms of increased gross national the subject. · The. following is my statement before during the remainder or at the end of the product. first school year." J Forty-five years ago, in 1916, this Con­ that subcommittee: I would like to call attention to table gress enacted our first Federal Aid High­ STATEMENT OF HON . .ABRAHAM J. MULTER, 3 which presents a breakdown of ma­ way Act. Periodically we have reviewed - ·CONGRESSMAN OF NEW YORK, BEFORE THE jor sources of student incomes for the matter of Federal responsibility in SPECIAL SUBCOMMITl'EE ON EDUCATION OF higher education, 1952-53. Scholarships coordinating highway construction pro­ THE HOUSE EDUCATION AND LABOR COM­ were reported to contribute only 4.8 percent grams across the land. As the highways MITTEE, MARCH 17, 1961 of the total student income. The mean made possible by the Federal-State road­ Mr. MULTER. Mr. Chairman, I am pleased amount of scholarships received by students to have this opportunity to present a state­ totaled about $310. Other sources of stu- building partnership unfolded, linking ment on behalf of my bill, H.R: 805, to amend North to South· and East to West, new the National Defense Education Act of 1958 1 U.S. Office of F.ducation. "Retention and opportunities were brought to .pur people to provide for national defense scholarships Withdrawal of College .Students." U.S. Gov­ for traveling. The residents of the cen­ for college and university study. I~ my ernment Printing Office, 1957. Various pages. tral portions of these United States are opinion, the enactment of this bill and the 2 Ibid. 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 4459 dent income such as family financial sup­ to the field. We well know that the spe­ lationship is, of course, inverse. In March port, and the term-time and summt:lr earn­ cialization of today requires college and 1959, 8.5 percent of the workers in the labor ings of the students themselves contributed graduate study in many fields, but especially force with less than high school graduation significantly larger percentage totals to the in areas such as mathematics, science, and were unemployed, compared with 4.8 percent source of income. Yet when we give close modern foreign language. Moreover, many of the high school graduates and 2.4 percent attention to the matter, we are able to see students have elected areas of study which of workers with some college experlence.6 that there are few fammes within the income require considerable preparation but which President Kennedy has recently called at­ range which can contribute substantially to afford very small returns upon this educa­ tention to the need for the reeducation of the college education of more than one child. tional investment. Teaching, unfortunately, many individuals who are now contributing Moreover, the summer earnings and term­ is still one of the professional areas which to the total unemployment scene of the time earnings of students are seriously cur­ pays low salaries in comparison with the Nation. tailed by the ability of the student to find required preparation and study. Since the But the value of an education and the employment in off-campus businesses which NDEA contains a forgiveness clause for in­ demands of the day which call for greater usually pay considerably higher wages than dividuals teaching in public elementary or numbers of persons with high degrees of most on-campus employment affords. secondary schools, I should perhaps have skills, training, and education cannot be Let us consider the question of student used some other professional area for my understood in terms of the financial picture earnings more closely. The Office of Educa­ example, but I think the point is clearly alone. We must, of course, consider the tion reported that in 1952-53 the mean made. There are other circumstances, of needs within the Nation for an increas­ course, such as an individual's obligation in ingly more educated populace if we would amount earned by students in term-time many instances to contribute a substantial earnings and summer employment was $413 continue to provide in America an example part to the family support upon completion for the free world as to how an educated and $395 respectively. The earnings of of college studies, or the responsib111 ties he women students was considerably below people move freedom forward. Speaking of may wish to take for a family of his own­ education as our ultimate weapon, Mr. Neil those of the male students and totaled about all of which remove the use of a loan for one-half the amount of the male students' McElroy has said: higher education from the realm of possi­ "Our recognition of the university as a earnings. W. Bradford Craig, in his book bility of many capable students. "How to Finance a College Education" has major source of our national vitality affirms I have mentioned the value of an educa­ a dependence that has long characterized reported: tion in these times of modern technology "Students, as a group, financed from their free socfeties. From the days of the Greek and complications in human relationships philosophers, democracies have known that own earnings over one-fourth of their budg­ both within and without our Nation. Also, ets during a recent year. Most of the moneys their effectiveness depended on citizen I have spoken of the need for emphasis upon knowledge. Representative government in came from earnings during the school excellence in all endeavor. Both of these year, the remainder from summer employ­ its own interest has built or has encour­ factors, in my opinion figure very highly in aged the building of educational institutions ment. More than a third of all students who the total consideration of the need for attend college earned some money during va­ to spur the individual to test his own capac­ scholarship assistance to larger numbers of ities-and to help him understand his re­ cations; the average amount of such earn­ our young people. sponsibilities to the community as a whole. ings was $395. A still larger proportion The value of an education cannot, of "So we come to this inescapable conclu­ worked part time while attending college. course, be evaluated in terms of dollars ~nd sion: that education is and will be-the key Three-fifths of all students-two-thirds of cents. Yet, we know that there ls abundant to success or failure for each of [the] com­ the men and one-half of the women-earned evidence to support the fact that the well­ peting ideologies. money during the school year. Their aver­ educated worker enjoys measurable advan­ "If our educational system functions at or age earnings were $468 and $265 respec­ tages over the worker with little formal edu­ near its optimum, our Nation will thrive 3 tively." cation. He earns more; he suffers less from and grow. If we allow that system to fail Indeed, resourcefulness and willingness to unemployment; he is more likely to find to achieve its potential, we must expect to work to meet the cost of attending college work in high prestige occupations and he decline as a free society." 0 reflects the high value which many of our returns a greater proportion of his earnings Higher education in America will suffer a young people place upon a college educa­ to those things which afford a cultural up­ serious blow if we do not act now to provide tion. On the other hand, I would raise lift for the total community. Everyone fa­ financial assistance in the form of national several questions: (1) How many of our in­ miliar with the direction and trends of the scholarships to the many capable students stitutions of higher education are located in Nation's manpower needs is well aware of the who need such aid for college and univer­ communities which offer off-campus employ­ shift toward the employment of those persons sity study. Moreover, without an adequate ment to young men and women ln terms suf­ with greater levels of formal education and Federal scholarship program to meet the ficient to enable them to meet the majority training. A recent study showing incomes needs of large numbers of our high school of their costs of attending college? (2) How according to years of school completed by graduates, such as I propose in H.R. 805, many of our best students pursuing studies persons 14 years or more of age indicates we will be failing to live up to the goal of such as the exact sciences are able to meet that men and women with college training providing for every individual, regardless of the physical and mental demands of a full are enjoying a substantially higher median economic condition, the maximum oppor­ schedule with lecture and laboratory courses income than those with lesser education. It tunity to study and to develop to his maxi­ while, at the same time, working a sufficient has been pointed out, for example, that in mum potential. number of hours to make significant earn­ 1959, professional and technical workers had I have taken time to comment in great ings? In this time of the history of our completed an average of 16.2 school years and detail upon many of the phases of the pres­ Nation, when we are stressing the value of had an average family income of $7,788. Pro­ ent-day demand for higher education for an education and emphasizing excellence in prietors and managers, exclusive of farmers, larger numbers of capable persons. I con­ all endeavor I would question seriously had completed 12.4 school years and the , sider such considerations to be essential if those who maintain that student scholarship family income for this group was $7,012. we would realistically evaluate the national aid is not needed to help individuals in the Clerical and sales workers had completed need for a scholarship program, and if we plight such as I have just pointed out. 12.5 years of school: the median. family in­ would enact such a scholarship proposal We know, of course, that the National De­ come of clerical workers was $5,692; that of which will accomplish a meaningful mis­ fense Education Act of 1958, which my bill, sales workers was $6,268. Skilled workers sion. I certainly do not consider that the H.R. 805, would amend to include scholar­ had completed 11 years of school and had a proposed bill, H.R. 805, will suddenly trans­ ships, established under title II, a national median family income of $6,018. Semlskllled form all uninspired students into eager ap­ student loan program. This program has workers had completed 9.9 years of school plicants for college or university study. been enthusiastically hailed by students, and had a median family income of $5,157. What I do propose is the establishment of parents, and administrators of institutions of Unskilled workers had completed 8.6 years national defense scholarships for persons higher education as a positive step forward of school, and the median family income of determined by State commissions to be in in meeting student financial needs. I Join this group was $4,089. need of financial assistance to continue edu­ with those who praise the success of the Education increases the personal income of cation at an institution of higher education. student loan program. I fully acknowledge the individual. Increases in our national H.R. 805 is not a complicated bill. There that for a large number of students a col­ income and product register the collective is no barrage of mumbo-jumbo. It would lege loan adequately meets their needs. For impact of the producing and earning ability establish national defense scholarships an equally large number of students, how­ of a better educated people.4 · through an amendment to the already es­ ever, the possibility of a loan debt to be re­ Moreover, in these times when we are very tablished and enthusiastically received Na­ paid upon completion of college studies ls much concerned with unemployment we tional Defense Education Act. In the main forbidding. must give serious attention to the relation­ the bill would provide for scholarships of In some instances, students are pursuing ships between education and unemployment. $500 to students during each academic year a course of study which will continue into As one report indicates: Unemployment of graduate study before they are adequately workers is closely related to the aniount of G Ibid. prepared to make a significant contribution education the workers have had. The re- 0 McElroy, Neil. "Education-Our Ultimate Weapon." In an address delivered at the 3 Craig, W. Bradford. "How To Finance '"It Pays To Go to School." Research Di­ 32d Annual Conference on Educational Ad­ a College Education." New York, Henry Holt vision, National Education Association, De­ ministration at Harvard University, July 14, & Co., 1959. P. 17. cember 1960. Pp. 114-116. 1960. 4460 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE March 21 for 4 years. There is a provision which al­ of the 2 succeeding fl.seal years the sum of Gathered to honor the State of Italy, lows students in special need, as reviewed $17,500,000. Allotments to the States are to as well as to pay tribute to Italian­ by the State commissions, to receive an addi­ be in the ratio of the State's population be­ American friendship, were the President tional amount not to exceed $500 per aca­ tween the ages of 18 and 21 and the total demic year. population of all the States between such of the United States, the Vice President, As I have indicated, persons receiving ages. What I am proposing is assistance to the Speaker, and numerous other Mem­ scholarships would be selected by State individuals which ieads ultimately to the bers of Congress and prominent U.S. of­ commissions on the basis of objective tests total welfare of the Nation. In view of the ficials. Among those representing Italy and other measures of aptitude and ability many ramifications of problems in costs and were the Italian Ambassador, H. E. Man­ to pursue study leading to a bachelor's de­ expenses of higher education today, and the lio Brosio, and Prof. Gaetano Martino, gree successfully. In keeping with the spe­ need for a more highly educated citizenry, the chief of the Italian mission to the cialized national needs for individuals in I hope that this committee will favorably science, mathematics, or modern foreign lan­ report H.R. 805. United States. guages, which is the general frame of refer­ I hope the committee will amend my bill Keynote of this centennial ceremony ence of the NDEA, the bill would provide for so as to have it cover students in colleges was the great and indestructible bond special consideration of those with superior which require 5 years instead of 4 years of which exists between the United States capacity or preparation in these areas. attendance for certain of the sciences and and the State of Italy. On this historic The proposal is not overpowering in its engineering courses, as well as medical and occasion we saw a rededication to our appropriations of allotments. It would au­ dental students who have successfully com­ traditional ties, to our mutual respect for thorize that there be appropriated for the pleted their premedical or predental collegi­ each other's culture and civilization, and fiscal year ending June 30, 1961, and for each ate work. to our united effort for the survival of TABLE 1.-Major items of students' mean current expenditures: 1952-53 actual and freedom. 1960-61 estimated expenditures Mr. Speaker, under unanimous con­ sent, I wish to insert at this point in the Publicly controlled Privately controlled RECORD the speech of the President of institutions institutions the United States; the messages sent by Major item the Honorable Giovanni Gronchi, the 1952-531 196