THE•

Publication of the Archaeological Society of British Columbia ISS Vol. 28, No.3 Fall1996

JAN 1 4 1997

UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA Md'HEIISON LIMAAY

THE SHINGLE POINT SITE VALDES ISLAND

The Midden 28/3, Fall1996 21 A MIDDEN ASBC

Published four times a year by the Dedicated to the protection of archaeological resources, Archaeological Society of British Columbia and the spread of archaeological knowledge.

Editorial Committee President Joyce Johnson (730-8468) Chief Editor: Geordie Howe (941-0708) News Editor: Heather Myles (274-4294) Membership Publications Editor: Robbin Chatan (731-2077) Caroline Milburn-Brown (987-8787) Field Editor: Richard Brolly (689-1678) Production: Alison Biely (274-3459) Annual membership includes one year's subscription to The Subscriptions: Fred Braches (462-8942) Midden and the ASBC newsletter, SocNotes. MEETINGS featuring illustrated lectures are held on the second · SuBSCRIPTION is included with membership in the ASBC. Wednesday of each month (except July and August) at 8:00 _pm. Nori-members: $14.50 per year ($17.00 USA and overseas), New members and visitors are welcome! payable in Canadian funds to the ASBC. Remit to: Midden Subscriptions, ASBC Membership Fees P.O. Box 520, Bentall Station Single: $25 Family: $30 Seniors/Students: $18 Vancouver, B.C. V5C 2N3 Cheque or money order payable to the ASBC.

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Contributors this issue Affiliated Chapters Robbin Chatan, Cindy English, Margaret Holm, Fraser VaJJey. Contact: Shirley Anderson (85~19) Eric McLay, Ann Stevenson, Tina Wolfe Meetings the third Tuesday of each month, September through May,at7:30pmat2615MontroseAvenue,Abbotsford,B.C. Copyright Nanaimo. President: Imogene Lim Contents of The Midden are copyrighted by the ASBC. It is Programme Chair: Lorrie Lee Hayden unlawful to reproduce all or any part, by any means whatso­ Meetings the second Monday of the month at Malaspina Univer­ ever, without the Society's permission, which is usually gladly sity College, Department of Social Science. given. Victoria. Contact: Tom Bown (385-2708), Publication ofThe Midden is financially assisted by the e-mail: tbown@ al.pfc.forestry.ca province ofBritish Columbia through the Ministry ofSmall Meetings on the third Thursday of the month at 7:30 pm at the Business, Tourism and Culture. Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria.

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1997 The location of the 1996 UBC Archaeologi­ Jan.8 Hector Williams, UBC cal Field School, the Shingle Point site, (DgRv UBC Excavations at Stymphalos, Greece Joint meeting with the Archaeological 2), on Valdes Island. Photo shows a tum-of­ Institute of America. the-century boathouse post and the northwest Feb.l2 Dori Bixler (Tentative) beach of Shingle Point. Native water rights. Mar.l2 Doug Hudson, Fraser Valley College Photo by En·c McLay, 1995. (Tentative) Apr.9 David Stone, Underwater Archaeologi­ cal Society of B.C. THE• IDDEN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Editorial 1 by Geordie Howe

Last issue I mentioned that archaeology was doing quite well, at least News Items 2 by Heather Myles in cultural resource management business has never been better. Then I attended a recent A.S.B.C. Executive meeting where one of the members 1996 Valdes Island Archaeological 3 reported on her attendance at a Heritage Council meeting held in early Survey November. The Heritage Council is an umbrella organization of numer­ by Eric McLay ous heritage associations, which includes the A.S.B.C., Archives Asso­ A Summer at Shingle Point, 6 ciation of B.C., B.C. Historical Federation, B.C. Museums Association, Valdes Island Heritage Society of B.C:, and Underwater Archaeological Society of by Tina Wolfe B.C. Our member reported on the activities of the A.S.B.C. and its rela­ tive financial status. Generally speaking, the A.S.B.C. is doing quite well Book Review: A Pictorial 8 Journey of the Pacific Northwest financially but not so for some of the other organizations involved with by Margaret Holm the Heritage Council. Time and time again delays in provincial funding were reported; concerns have been raised with regards to consistent Book Review: The Wide World 9 and continual reduction of budgets by governments at all levels. of Historical Archaeology Recently a good friend of mine, planning to return to university to by Robbin Chatan obtain her Ph.D., took a pro-active stance with regards to funding and Book Review: Reflections on 10 enquired about various scholarship programs. The British Columbia Her­ Museum Collections itage Trust replied with a brief form letter stating "as you know, the by Ann Stevenson Province is taking strong measures to reduce the size and cost of gov­ Book Review: The Life of an 11 ernment to protect medicare and education... It is also anticipated that Extraordinary Tsilhqot' in Woman next year's grant programs budget will be reduced by 25% ... the Heritage by Cindy English Trust will not be awarding any scholarships for the 1997/98 academic year" (letter dated November 29, 1996 and signed by Wayne Carter, Recent Publications 12 Executive Officer, British Columbia Heritage Trust). by Robbin Chatan

I do not remember the last time the Borden Scholarship was given out, F.Y~ 13 but it seems quite a while, though I may be in error. Isn't the B.C. Herit­ by Robbin Chatan age Trust Scholarship Program directly related to education, and by not awarding the. scholarships isn't the government cutting back on educa­ Debitage 13 by Heather Myles tion funding. The letter from Carter which states that the province is trying to reduce the size and cost of government to protect medicare and educa­ Permits 14 tion appears to be contradictory. by Richard Brolly If funding cutbacks for heritage bothers you, raise your concerns to Lectures 16 members with members of the A.S.B.~. Executive; or better yet write, fax, by Heather Myles or e-mail your local civic politician, MLA, and MP. Heritage is important and let your politician know. Exhibits 16 by Heather Myles

Conferences 17 by Heather Myles

The Midden 28/3, Fall1996 NEWS ITEMS

B.C. ARCHAEOLOGY districts and not traditional territory. This INTERPRETING MOA'S becomes a great concern when several FORUM different forest districts are overlapping a CLASSICS COLLECTION The Fifth Annual B.C. Archaeology Fo­ First Nations' traditional territory. Discus­ Classics students from U.B.C. will be rum was held at the University of North­ sion also focused on First Nations par­ answering questions and offering inter­ em B.C. in Prince George, October 26-27. ticipation in planning and development. pretive public talks near the Classics case Approximately 80 people were in attend­ "We must be included in these steps all in Visible Storage at the Museum of An­ ance, with representation from the univer­ the way through." thropology. Students will be in the galler­ sities; many local First Nations, and sev­ Although the Archaeology Branch was ies from 12:00 noon to 4:00pm each Sunday, eral of the archaeological consulting firms, criticized, it was also raised that they can beginning October 13 until mid December. although generally by their field crew hold industry "in check" and help pro­ The program may resume in 1997. rather than senior staff. tect archaeological resources until First 'he'Saturday morning session was de­ Nations get "on their feet to protect" them. UNDERWATER · Y ( ~d to short 10 minute presentations on It was noted however, that the role of the ARCHAEOLOGY COURSE summaries of archaeological investiga­ Archaeology Branch must change over The Underwater Archaeological Society tions conducted during the past year by time. of British Columbia, in collaboration with the consulting archaeologists, First Nations, Criticism was also expressed towards United Kingdom's Nautical Archaeological universities, as well as Parks Canada. The the municipalities. They are neither inter­ Society, is offering the Level !underwater majority of work took place in the forestry ested nor care about archaeological re­ archaeology course.lt will provide an intro­ industry, surveying cut blocks for CMTs, sources, and only seem concerned for pro­ duction to all aspects of nautical archaeol­ conducting archaeological impact assess­ tecting heritage buildings. The Branch, ogy and then allow students to apply these ments, writing overviews, as well as in­ unfortunately, is powerless in these issues skills in the pool. The course consists of volvement in traditional use studies. due to the Municipal Act. lectures and a four hour underwater survey Consulting firms represented included, Another area of discussion was the lack and mapping workshop. Lecture topics in­ Antiquus Archaeological Consultants, of representation at the forum from the clude: Archaeological Principles and Defi­ Areas Consulting Archeologists, Bastion Archaeology Branch. Due to provincial nitions; Artifact Dating Methods; Artifact Group Heritage Consulting, Golder Asso­ government budget cuts, travel funds Recording; Research, Search, and Survey ciates, Western Heritage Services, and Sue were not released. It was proposed that Methods; Conservation and Recording; Montgomery an independent consultant. participates write Victoria to register their Diving Safety and Technology; and Legis­ There was also an update from the B.C. complaint and request travel funds be re­ lation and Site Management. Association of Professional Consulting leased the following year to ensure attend­ Open Water Diver certification is recom­ Archaeologists. ance from the Archaeology Branch at the mended but not required. The course will be The Saturday afternoon session was a next forum. Also raised was the lack of held at the Vancouver Maritime Museum, forum for open discussion. The main topic representation by the consulting archae­ January 25-26, 1997. Course fees are $50.00. was First Nations participation in archae­ ologists, and it was strongly recom­ For further information, contact Peter Ross, ology. Robert Manuel from the Shuswap mended that attendance at the forum be UASBCEducationDirectorat (604) 469-3586 Nation Tribal Council lead the discussion, made a priority within the community. or [email protected]. and presented their position on First Na­ At the second day of the forum a field tions' roles in archaeology. He was criti­ trip was arranged to Chenlac, a major pre­ ABORIGINAL TOURISM cal of the Archaeology Branch, and felt contact Carrier village site near the con­ they were dictating to the Ministry of For­ fluence of the Stewart and Nechako riv­ DIPLOMA ests and "industry," leaving out First Na­ ers. The site was first excavated in 1952, The Native Education Centre in Vancou­ tions. The issue of ownership and juris­ lead by Charles Borden. Wilson Duff vis­ ver is introducing a new 15-month Aborigi­ diction was also addressed. "It is our ited the excavation and shot film footage, nal Tourism Diploma program. It is the record." First Nations look at archaeol­ which was viewed during the Saturday equivalent of the first two years of a Bach­ ogy very differently than others. "It is part morning session. The field trip included a elor of Tourism Management degree, and of our being, who we are. It is not dead." tour of the site and its back terraces where runsfromJanuary20, 1997toMarch 1998. Also raised, was the question who has over 2,000 cache pits have been identi­ The program includes specialized courses the authority to decide what is culturally fied. Today, the site is visited by school such as: Heritage Recovery and Interpreta­ relevant. Who will judge and put a value kids and used as an interpretive area. tion; Issues in Aboriginal Tourism; and Sum­ to spiritual sites? "Can you put a value to Next year, the Sixth Annual B.C. Archae­ mer Work Placement in Aboriginal Tourism. them?" Another criticism brought up is ology Forum will be hosted by the St6:lo For information, contact the Aboriginal Tour­ AlAs are being done according to forest Nation in Chilliwack. ism Program Coordinator at (604) 873-3761.

2 The Midden 28/3, Fall 1996 1996 VALDES ISLAND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY

u ;: !?VALDES

ISLAND

..._ . ..

Map By Captain John Walbran, HMS Quadra, 1900 by Eric Mclay In the service of British Columbia's Ar­ pelled by a sputtering 9.5 horse Johnson BC Heritage Trust Community Heritage chaeological Sites Advisory Board be­ outboard, archaeologists Michael Cranny Development grant, this resurvey was di­ tween 1974-1975, eight young archaeolo­ and Stephen Cassidy were assigned to rected at addressing questions on the gists participated in a systematic coastal survey the exposed, eastern-most outer nature of prehistoric land use and settle­ site inventory of the Gulf Island archi­ Gulf Islands from Saturna Island north, to ment patterns on V aides Island, and the pelago and the southwestern Strait of include the large outer islands of Galiano, past cultural utilization of the Gulf Island Georgia. The Gulf Island Archaeological Valdes and Gabriola. Twenty-two years environment. Equally, the project was di­ Survey (Cassidy et al.1974) and further later, we initiated a resurvey of one of these rected in response to the Lyackson First government-directed reconaissance sur­ larger, outer Gulflslands, Valdes, closely Nation's cultural resource management vey (Acheson et al. 1975) would register in the wake of Cranny and Cassidy. concerns on Valdes Island. over a thousand archaeological sites on In 1996, in co-operation with the Valdes Island is a steep, attenuated the shores of the Gulf Islands and adja­ Lyackson First Nation and the Mid-Island outer island of the Gulf Island archipelago, cent coastline of southeastern Vancouver Tribal Council, the University of British an exposed remnant of the uplifted, folded Island; a timely and substantial accom­ Columbia commenced an archaeological and glaciated Upper Cretaceous sediments plishment by the provincial government inspection of Valdes Island, in conjunc­ within the coastal trough of the Georgia board in charge of p~otecting and manag­ tion with Professor R.G. Matson's SSHRC­ Strait Depression. The northwest-striking ing the future of British Columbia's ar­ sponsored household archaeological ex­ sandstone beds of the Gabriola Formation chaeological heritage. cavations at the Shingle Point site fashion abrupt, sheer cliffs along the west Thus in 1974, in a sma118' zodiac pro- (DgRv-2). With the generous support of a coast of Valdes, which dissolve on its east-

The Midden 28/3, Fall1996 3 ern shores Into a low gradient, exposed, reef-stricken coast. The broken, outer is­ land chain which bound Valdes Island channels maritime activity through the passes of Parlier and Gabriola. These passes represent some of the most diverse and active marine environments in the Georgia Strait, locations which were likely critical focal points for subsistence, trans­ port, communication and trade between Vancouver Island and the mainland in mari­ time prehistory. On ~he southwestern coast of Valdes, the mass wasting of uplifted, older, sedi­ mentary deposits create the prominent, low-lying beach developments of Cardale, Shingle and Blackberry Points. It is on the shores of Cardale and Shingle Point, and Cayetano Point in Parlier Pass, that the Lyackson 'First Nation possess their an­ cestral winter villages of Ts'a¢xel, Ta a¢tka, and Ts'xwe¢m'ksen (Rozen 1978). Omitted from most local histories of the Gulf Islands, Valdes Island is absent from most modern tourism booklets and recent explorer guides to .the Gulf Islands. No electricity or other modem civilized ameni­ ties exist on the island, and no British Columbia ferry visits Valdes Island's shores. While the southeast coast of Valdes Island is populated by recreational property owners, the majority of the is­ land is managed by the Lyackson First Nation as reserve and by MacMillan­ Bloedel Ltd. as timber farm. Unlike most other large Gulf Islands, Valdes has not Petroglyph on Boulder nearGabriola Passage, Valdes Island. fllustration by Eric McLay. yet experienced the urban pressures of development. For this reason, Valdes Is­ menced in June of 1996 with the participa­ uted his skills to the interior survey of the land presented an ideal Gulf Island land­ tion of students from the UBC Archaeol­ island. scape to research the spatial patterning ogy Field School at Shingle Point, who While Cranny and Cassidy in 1974 had of archaeological sites in a geographically­ were exposed to survey methods and tech­ intensively surveyed the island's complete constrained and relatively undisturbed, niques through assisting with the resur­ coastline by small boat and on foot, the inte­ open environment. vey of known archaeological sites and rior of the island remained uninvestigated. The 1996 fieldwork for the Valdes Island helping begin the first cross-island We designed our survey to correct for this Archaeological Survey created two main transect. The main part of the survey took bias and make an attempt at assessing the objectives. First, we designed to estab­ place in July and August with the BC Her­ potential of the island's interior for the lish a representative sample of archaeo­ itage Trust grant sponsoring the employ­ presence of archaeological sites. In order logical sites on Valdes Island. Secondly, ment of two Lyackson First Nation mem­ to survey this rugged, 10km linear stretch we resurveyed the known archaeological bers, Mark George and John Thomas, as of second and third-growth rainforest, we r sites, in order to re-record their environ­ field assistants. Stuart Thomas and Darrell chose to sample the interior island land­ mental·context and update their site in­ Thomas of the Lyackson First Nation, scape by running SOm-wide transects to ventory forins as to their present condition. employed at Shingle Point, also regularly effectively cross-cut the island environ­ As a central part of our research into under­ rotated onto survey. All of the members ment east to west from coast to coast. standing the nature of prehistoric use of from the Shingle Point excavations Over boulder-fall and through salal, Valdes Island, selected coastal midden throughout the summer also graciously eight SOm wide transects were eventually sites were tested in order to collect matrix sam­ volunteered their assistance. With particu­ completed, one even encountering an un­ ples for faunal and seasonality analyses. lar distinction, Simon Kaltenrieder of known inland archaeological site - a The survey of Valdes Island com- Simon Fraser University notably contrib- rockshelter burial in the centre of the island.

4 The Midden 28/3, Fall 1996 Generally, the landscape's shallow, rocky The final stage of the survey was to di­ soils created excellent exposure across the rect small-scale excavations in selected viving the BC Ferry service, have made island, except, in particular, through areas coastal middens. The faunal data from the experience of surveying Valdes Island of dense thickets of salal; where it was these matrix samples will be used to eval­ remain somewhat more comparable across hard enough to see your feet, Jet alone uate the seasonality of site occupation, time. archaeological sites. Systematic and and to test the correlations that exist be­ judgemental shovel tests along these tween the prehistorically exploited fauna ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS transects did not locate further subsur­ and present locally available subsistence This project has beeri financially as­ face sites. The aerial reconnaissance of resources. The sampling of a variety of sisted by the Province of British Colum­ Valdes Island, provided by Thetis Air of archaeological sites demonstrated the is­ bia through the BC Heritage Trust, who Telegraph Harbour, helped identify further land's diversity ofshell midden compositions. awarded a Community Heritage Develop­ areas of the island's interior to be further One tested eastern shell midden situated ment Grant to Professor R.G. Matson and investigated, particularly several unmapped upon an exposed, coastal rocky foreshore Eric McLay. The Lyackson First Nation and inland lakes. More transects and general was discovered to be composed of purely Mid-Island Tribal Council are equally survey in these areas are hoped to be run whole limpets and large barnacles. The thanked for their active participati.on. Pro­ for greater statistical precision of results data from the Valdes Island Archaeologi­ fessor R.G. Matson is personally thanked in the future. cal Survey will form the subject of my for his encouragement and generosity. The majority of the survey was spent Master's thesis. resurveying the known archaeological Throughout our survey of Valdes Island, REFERENCES sites along the coastline. Thirty-one of the we were diligently guided by Cranny and Acheson, Stephen, Stephen Cassidy and Valdes Island's thirty-three known prehis­ Cassidy's Gulflsland Archaeological Sur­ Oaxton toric archaeological sites were relocated, vey data, which included their site inven­ 1975 Report of the Survey of the two habitation rockshelters being unlocat­ tory forms, maps and field notes. Although Southwestern Gulf of Georgia. Unpub­ able in the field. Our resurvey of the is­ it was sometimes difficult to tell which site lished report on file with the Cultural land identified many unrecorded archae­ survey form attached to which map, their Resource Library, Victoria ological sites which included several small 1974 field notes generally describe a quite coastal shell midden sites. A petroglyph different world than exists today in our Cassidy, Stephen, Michael Cranny and was recorded from a private collection, generation. Surveyed during the occupa­ Phillip Murton which orginally derived from a site near tion of the Gulf Islands by the American 1974 The Gulf Island Archaeological Gabriola Passage on Valdes Island. This counter-culture, no longer do people play Survey. Unpublished report on file petroglyph consists of a simple geomet­ nude frisbee on the fields of Shingle Point, with the Cultural Resource Library, Vic­ ric design created by an intersecting oval nor construct Polynesian outriggers on toria and triangular form pecked upon a small the shores of Valdes Island. The counter­ Rozen, David Lewis granitic boulder. This is the first recorded culture has long ago since abandoned 1978 Permanent Winter Villages and petroglyph for Valdes Island, a somewhat their communal settlement at Blackberry Resource Utilization of the Indian Peo­ surprising fact given the island's proximi­ Point on Valdes, to become replaced by ple of Valdes, Galiano and Thetis Is- · ty to the petroglyph complex of Gabriola the gortex -clad, temporary camps of week­ land areas of the Gulf Islands. Unpub­ Island and Nanaimo. end kayakers. lished report on file with the Cultural Our one recorded historic site dealt with While if the times have changed, we Resource Library, Victoria the remains of the Aquarian Foundation's often met with many of the same island settlement on Valdes Island, Brother XII's residents and local informants described Macisaac, Ronald, Charles Lillard and village of Mandieah. On the north-east­ in the notes from twenty-two years ago. Donald Clark ern shore of Valdes Island in the late Mrs. Wardill's homemade biscuits and 1989 The Devil ofDeCourcy Island, 1920's and early 1930's, Brother XII, a the­ plum pies at Gabriola Passage were dis­ The BrotherXD. Porcepic Books: Vic­ osophist British cult leader strived to ex­ covered to be still delicious twenty-two toria pand his utopia in the Gulf Islands. His years later. "Crazy Pete", a former resi­ Eric Mclay founding of this settlement of Mandieah dent of Blackberry Point, informant, and on Valdes Island, named from the Deltaic "Mayor" of Valdes Island, graciously Eric Mclay is in his 2nd year of an M.A. birthplace of Osiris, Egyptian God of the made a special trip from Chemainus to Program in USC's Anthropology and Dead, was restricted to the impurest of his answer our questions and further lead us Sociology Department. He is special­ izing in Northwest Coast prehistory. chosen followers. Most traces of the set­ on a tour which culminated at a spectularly, Eric was the teaching and research tlement have been removed. Scatters of deep fissure through the cliffs of Mexicana assistant for the household archaeo­ brick within the faint outline of one struc­ Hill. logical excavations at the Shingle ture's earthen foundation were all that re­ If the agencies and research purposes Point site, Valdes Island. His research mains; sparse eviden<;e of Brother XII's for surveying Valdes Island may have interests include cultural ecology, historic cult, famous for its "black magic, changed over the last twenty-two years, Northwest Coast ethnography, and sorcery, fiendish cruelty, and buried gold" the troubled outboards, the treacherous cultural management. (Macisaac et al. 1989:13). coast and difficult terrain, Jet alone sur-

The Midden 28/3, Fall1996 5 1996 UBC Archaeological Field School A SUMMER AT DgRv-2, SHINGLE POINT, VALDES ISLAND

UBC 1996 Archaeological Field School, Shingle Point, Valdes Island. Photo by Nadine Hafner.

by Tina Wolfe I wiiJ always remember my archaeologi­ 6-June 28, 1996, and was composed of in the BC Ferry line-up at Tsawassen. At cal field school because it was the first twelve field school students. The Shingle this point, we had two food procurement time I experienced excavation first hand. Point site is located on the west side of options: 1) have the "Breakfast Pizza" at Situated at Shingle Point (DgRv-2), Valdes Valdes Island and forms part of the the terminal, or 2) wait out for the ferry's Island in the beautiful Gulf Islands of Lyackson First Nation's reserves on the famous "scoop o'eggs", served ala ice­ southwestern British Columbia, we were island. Darrell Thomas, Lyackson Band cream scooper. Of course either option i isolated from what seemed like the rest of Member, lives on site and aided our field could usually be consumed before our the world. Everything we went through school in many ways, from assisting in ferry even pulled out of its berth. on the island, from the archaeology, to deal­ our excavation to navigating the boats. Arriving at Sturdies Bay, Galiano Island, ing with a water pump more tempermental Due to transportation difficulties, we we would head north towards the Span­ than West Coast weather, to repairing rain were on a ten-four day schedule, which ish Hills government dock to continue shelters which took flight more often than meant that we spent ten days straight in loading, in reverse. At this time, the water trailers in a tornado, made this one of my the field and four days back at home. Every transport became a little smaller, namely most memorable experiences. two weeks we would meet behind the an aluminum boat with an outboard mo­ The UBC Archaeologi"cal Field School Anthropology and Sociology building at tor. After four or five (sometimes six or (ANTH 306) was directed by Professor UBC and load what seemed like enough seven) trips, we would all arrive on Valdes. R.G. Matson, Teaching Assistant Eric gear to stay for a year onto the Arky More often than I care to remember we McL~y, and Joyce Johnson between May trucks. Shortly we were off, to further wait returned to a scene more akin to the Lost

6 The Midden 28/3, Fall 1996 City of Atlantis; you know, collapsed and mid-term exam, a final exam and an indi­ At the end of the field, we took a road under water. We would then organize our vidual project- all in the field! Never be­ trip through the interior of the province to gear, re-erect our tents and perform what fore have I studied for an exam in a tent by visit Professor Phil Hobler' s Simon Fraser miracles that were necessary. If there was the light of a lantern. Yet this work was Archaeology Field School at Bella Coola. still enough time, we would head over to offset, to some degree, by the many events In two Arky trucks with fifteen people, we our units to continue excavation. that were not listed on the course sylla­ stopped at archaeological sites located at The Shingle Point Field School was fo­ bus, such as the morning visit of a mag­ Keatley Creek, the Hat Creek valley, Bull cused on the excavation of a prehistoric nificent pod of orca whales who swam Canyon, and Big Eagle Lake, providing a Coast Salish shed-roof housefloor, which past the Shingle Point site in our first week. good contrast to the coastal site we had had been previously identified by remote Through our field projects, we had the spent working on for the past two months. sensing and test excavations the summer priviledge of acquiring and practicing tra­ After the field school, I was hired on by before. Actual excavation did not start ditional skills for ourselves, and sharing Professor Matson to continue working on during .the first 10 days, as we had to mow with the rest of the field school. Part of my the Shingle Point excavations for tbe rest the entire area and clear thick brambles. own field project with another two stu­ of the summer. Needless to say, tli.e fol­ This task may have been easier if our dents involved constructing experimen­ lowing two months would also.bav.e their rented lawn mower had not been stolen tal earth ovens on the beach, to prepare share of adventures. By the end of the . (our small boat would also later be taken both clams and bracken fern roots for eat­ four month season, the field crew had while on a supply trip to Ladysmith). Even­ ing. The clams turned out very well, but opened up 76m2 of the entire house floor. tually, however, we broke ground and as for the roots, let's just say there is a One exceptional artifact we recovered was there was no turning back. reason that they were only eaten during an incised stone pipe from the middle of As this was my first experience exca­ times of famine. Other students' field the house floor. While artifacts were few, vating in the field, I had to start from the projects included a broad spectrum of top­ faunal remains were numerous; a fact now bottom up (or is the other way around?). ics, including the construction of a stone­ very obvious to myself as I help catalogue Although I knew what to expect when it built tidal trap to observe what it may objects in the UBC Archaeology Labora­ came to excavation, it still took awhile to catch, carving replicas of ancient bone fish tory. As the field school was only the start actually get used to sitting on the ground hooks and taking the boat out fishing for of this project, it was also the beginning for some time and removing bucket after a morning; fashioning of a working atlatl, of my life as an archaeologist. bucket after bucket of dirt. We also briefly and the rendering down of dead sea-lions had the chance to practice survey skills to contribute to the UBC Archaeology Tina Wolfe with Eric assisting him in beginning re­ Laboratory faunal collection. Tina Wolfe is a fourth-year under­ cording sites for the later summer archaeo­ The need for personal hygiene in the graduate at UBC, majoring in anthro­ logical survey of Valdes Island. field thus became very important. We had pology with a specialization in archae­ In addition to our full 8 hour days of a limited supply of well-water at Shingle ology. She was involved with the 1996 excavation, the field school had many other Point, which meant we had to use spar­ UBC Archaeological Field School and requirements, including a full academic ingly from a very leaky hose. Showers is presently working In the UBC Labo­ course load. For our six credits for Anth were, therefore, a forgotten luxury which ratory of Archaeology as a part-time research assistant to catalogue arti­ 306, we had weekly lectures and readings awaited us every ten days when we re­ facts and faunal remains from the on archaeological field techniques, house­ turned home. To keep that "fresh feeling" Shingle Point site. hold archaeology, Coast Salish ethnogra­ we had to be inventive. The "Valdes phy and the local environment. We also Beauty Salon" opened but once a week and had to complete group presentations, a drew a substantial, always humorous crowd.

The Midden 2813, Fall1996 7 BOOK REVIEWS

A PICTORIAL Kane made over 500 sketches of his jour­ a population in the thousands to "a few ney that are considered more vivid and scattered lodges." It was a time of migra­ JOURNEY OF THE accurate than his better-known oil paint­ tion, confusion, and conflict, both be­ I PACIFIC NORTHWEST ing completed in later years. The paint­ tween tribes, and between Native people ings follow European landscape traditions, and white settlers. Kane relates an inci­ I idealizing both the landscapes and human dent of two hundred Walla Walla warriors Paul_Kane,s Nor-West subjects. Kane painted a subject that fas­ vanquished by measles while on a war­ cinated society of the day: romantic por­ party to revenge a killing by a white settler. by DIANE EASTON and SHEILA URBAN traits of "Indian chiefs" with exotic cos­ Kane travelled and sketched northward UBC Press, Vancouver, 1995. tumes and backgrounds. The paintings into the Strait of Georgia. He also p~r­ x.xi + 158 pps., illus., index. Price: (He) were often an amalgam of details from sev­ chased and sketched masks, blankets, ca­ $39.95 CDN. eral sketches, and do not offer the accu­ noes and other objects brought froin Na­ racy of the pencil sketches. Easton and tive people from as far away as Alaska Urbanek encourage us to appreciate the who had journeyed to Fort Victoria for the Succumbing to the flu one cold day in field sketches and personal diary of Kane trading activity. But he was a traveller who spring, I took the opportunity to spend the traveller. They often contrast these spent only a few days with most of his the day reading Paul Kane's Great Nor­ accounts with the more formal paintings subjects. The sections of the book that I West. It was heady reading for a sick-bed, and published travel account of Kane the enjoyed most were his portrayals of events for first and foremost this book is a spine­ painter. and landscapes that have passed away: tingling travel adventure. Authors Diane What can those interested in ethnohis­ herds of buffalo grazing on the plains, the Easton and Sheila Urbanek take the reader tory learn from Kane's pictorial and writ­ great gathering of Okanagan Salish for the down waterfalls, over mountain passes ten accounts of the Northwest? Kane's salmon harvest at Kettle Falls (now under and through snow-storms with Canadian experiences vividly illustrate that even by a Columbia River dam), and the every-day artist Paul Kane and his fellow travellers. 1848, First Nations societies had been pro­ feats of endurance accomplished by Hud­ We journey along Hudson Bay Company foundly altered by the European advance son Bay brigade men who criss-crossed fur brigade trails from Lake Superior to the into the New World. Kane was not paint­ the continent over the rough waters and mouth of the Columbia River, and north to ing "traditional" societies, nor should we mountains of the Northwest. Fort Victoria in the years 1845 to 1848. seek to find value in his work only as a Those interested in archaeology can It was a time of transition, when the source of ethnographic detail. appreciate Kane's work and this recent Hudson Bay Company's monopoly over Kane describes a complex human land­ publication of his travels, not as a docu­ the fur industry declined as Oregon terri­ scape in a period of great change. Kane's mentary of First Nations culture but as a tory fell under American jurisdiction with writing and pictures are impressions of valuable glimpse into the glibly labelled the border established at the 49th parallel. some of the different societies that made and often poorly understood "contact era." American settlers trickled in to settle the up the west, such as the Metis descend­ area in the same years of Kane's travels. ants of Cree and French fur-traders, work­ Margaret Holm The trickle soon became a flood that dev­ ing for the Hudson Bay Company as Margaret Holm received her M.A. in astated aboriginal communities through guides and suppliers. This strength of the Archaeology from U.B.C. She has re­ the resulting warfare, disease and dis­ book is in Kane's vignettes which are both cently moved to Naramata in the Okan­ placement. thrilling and poignant. Kane describes a agan Valley where she works as a Easton and Urbanek's mission is to buffalo hunt in which 250 Metis families consultant involved in writing and in­ "remap Kane's vanished wilderness world travel by horse and wagon into Sioux terpretation for museums and parks. for contemporary readers" while recreat­ country to hunt herds of five thousand She is the curator of "Written In the Earth: ancient art of southwestern animals. A decade later, the great herds of ing his journey and discussing his achieve­ British Columbia," opening this sum­ ments as an artist. Like many artists of his buffalo would be gone. mer at the U.B.C. Museum of Anthro­ time, K·ane was interested in portraiture Kane spent six months at Fort Vancou­ pology. and landscape painting. His interest in ver on the Columbia and describes the Native culture can be traced to the work society of the factors' families as well as of American-born artist Edward Catlin. the nearby Chinook settlements. Kane's The paintings and sketches of both Kane paintings and descriptions of Chinook and Catlin, are considered valuable picto­ and Cowlitz people and habitations are rial documents of traditional First Nation's intimate and detailed. But in twenty-five culture. years the Cowlitz had been reduced from

8 The Midden 28/3, Fall 1996 THE WIDE WORLD cal archaeology is not only the reliance a more thorough discussion of theoreti- on various historical sources of informa- cal models and issues. Next (chapter 11) OF HISTORICAL tion, but also its emphasis on the modem the authors briefly describe six historic age, particularly the spread of European archaeological projects that were con- ARCHAEOLOGY technology, socio-political systems, and ducted outside North America that con- capitalism throughout the world, and the centrated on the impacts of European in- Historical Archaeology impacts of these factors on "the people teraction on indigenous societies in Latin without history". America, Africa, and Australia. Finally, in t by. CHARLES E. ORSER, JR. and The five chapters following concentrate chapter 12, the authors explore the pros- BRIAN M. FAGAN on historical sources of information and pects for historical archaeology, the ways r HarperCollins College Publishers, New the basic methodology and procedures that both the professional and a vocational York, 1995. employed by historical archaeologists. archaeologist can protect archaeological xii + 291 pp., illus., refs., glossary, index. Chapter 4 concentrates on the definition sites from damage and destruction,. and Price: (Pb) $27.95 CDN. of historic artefacts and their analysis. The discuss the significance of historical and temporal and spatial contexts are ad- archaeological societies and organisations Interest in historical archaeology in dressed in chapter 5. Next Orser and Fagan as resources for information. North America, including British Colum- discuss site survey and location proce- This text benefits from the co-author- bia, has gradually increased since the dures used by historical archaeologists. ship of Brian Fagan, who has had many 1960s. Unlike prehistoric archaeology, The authors examine historical and archi- years of experience writing both good which has seen a number of good intro- tectural records in chapter 7. Chapter 8 popular books and introductory texts on ductory textbooks over the years, a cur- deals with the techniques of archaeologi- archaeology. The book is essentially well- rent basic text for historical archaeology cal fieldwork, artefact conservation, and written and is generously endowed with has been absent. Most introductory laboratory methods (data classification numerous illustrations. Both the narration courses in historical archaeology have and artefact typologies). Although the and illustrations make the discussions depended on several books, many of authors present techniques and investi- easy to follow. Very few spelling and gram- which are outdated or particularistic in gative methods that are basic to archaeol- matical errors were encountered, but some their temporal and geographical coverage ogy on the whole, they do emphasise minor discrepancies in the text do occur. (i.e., American colonial period, etc.). The those from a historical archaeological per- However, for the most part this text is well- appearance of Historical Archaeology by spective. Other techniques and methods edited. Each chapter and topic under dis- Orser and Fagan has rectified this situa- that pertain particularly to historical ar- cussion is liberally punctuated with ex- tion by providing this discipline with an chaeology are also presented. For in- amples of historical archaeological studies, up-to-date entry-level textbook that is on stance the spatial hierarchy classification including a number of investigations from par with those for prehistoric archaeology. that includes urban units of neighbour- Canada (i.e., Fort Walsh, St. Marie I, Geor- This book consists of twelve chapters hoods, and regression formulae used in gian Bay, Signal Hill, etc.). The text is wide- that outline the discipline of historical ar- dating kaolin tobacco pipes and histori- ranging in both its temporal and geographi- chaeology, its methodology, theoretical cal ceramics. Even dowsing is described cal coverage of historical archaeology in' and interpretative developments, and its as a possible method for finding archaeo- North America and other parts of the world. future prospects. The first three chapters logical remains, along with other subsur- Overall this book was an enjoyable read introduce the reader to historical archae- face and remote sensing techniques. and should become a standard introduc- ology as it is practised in North America. The next two chapters deal with the in- tory text on historical archaeology prac- Chapter 1 discusses the basic guiding terpretative and theoretical issues in his- tices. Both the authors and HarperCollins principles, chapter 2 outlines the devel- torical archaeology. In chapter 9 Orser and should be commended for producing this opment of this discipline in North America Fagan identify three main paradigms (the excellent introductory text on historical from about 1855 to present, and chapter 3 "humanistic approach", the "scientific archaeology. addresses the fundamental definitions of approach", and the "humanistic scientific l historical culture and presents a typology approach") that roughly coincide with the Robbin Chatan I of historical sites. Orser and Fagan (p.14) "culture history", "new archaeology" and A.S.B.C. member Robbin Chatan com- define historical archaeology as "a the so-called "post-processualist" phases pleted his M.A. in 1992 and his required multidisciplinary field that shares a spe- in prehistoric archaeology. Chapter 10 Ph.D. coursework in Archaeology atthe cial relationship with the formal disciplines concentrates on the archaeology of hu- University of Calgary. Since 1995 he has of anthropology and history, focuses its man groups, namely class, gender, ethnic- held the position of Publications Editor attention on the post-prehistoric past, and ity, and race. In this book the authors for The Midden. He has a deep interest seeks to understand the global nature of present a very cursory review of the theo- in historical archaeology, and has worked on historical period sites in AI- modem life." The crucial distinction be- retical trends in this discipline. This may berta and British Columbia. tween prehistoric archaeology and his tori- disappoint those who would prefer to see

The Midden 28/3, Fall 1996 9 REFLECTIONS ON The book provides a fascinating read ing during the heyday period as Cole has for anyone interested in the history of outlined it. He points out that there was a MUSEUM collecting on the Northwest Coast, out­ sense of urgency in the collecting activi­ lining how museums came to possess the ties of museum anthropologists which COLLECTIONS vast majority of Northwest Coast objects, fueled competition between mainly Ameri­ both secular and sacred. The era from 1875 can museums with the budgets to collect Captured Heritage: The to the 1920's coincides with the period of on a grand scale. Although the author takes greatest growth in museums, especially pains to point out that most objects w.ere scnimble for west coast anthropology museums and, conse­ purchased and that prices paid for objects artifacts quently, a period in which vast collections was mutually agreed upon, he provides by DOUGLAS COLE were accumulated. According to Cole, by ample evidence that many sales were con­ the time this period ended, more North­ troversial within communities and·farni1ies, UBC Press, Vancouver, 1985. Reprinted west Coast material were located in New and that thefts occurred. Thefts of skel­ 1995. York City than remained in all of British etal remains and grave goods appear to xxi + 373 pp., illus., index. Price: (Pb) Columbia. Immense collections had also have been quite common. Collectors of­ $24.95CDN. made their way to Germany, Britain, Wash­ ten believed they had legitimate scientific ington DC, and other European and North motivations for these nefarious activities. American urban centres. They were aware that native people were Much has changed in the last decade in Chapters 1-7 cover the period of col­ opposed to this desecration and very dis­ terms of how museums respond to First lecting for expositions and museums. turbed by the ransacking of burial caves Nations' requests for a say in managing, Money for collecting initially came from and houses and of unoccupied villages. interpreting and owning objects originat­ the large expositions such as the United Captured Heritage is a major contribu­ ing in their communities. For example, in States Centennial Exposition held in Phila­ tion to museum history and to an under­ Canada, a joint. task force between the delphia in 1876 and the Chicago World's standing of the nature of collecting on the Canadian Museums Association·and the Fair's Columbian International Exposition Northwest Coast prior to 1930. As muse­ Assembly of First Nations developed a of 1893. These chapters outline how the ums work out new management and own­ set of principles and recommendations collections of major institutions such as ership relationships with First Nations, concerning museum collections. One of the Smithsonian (Washington DC), the reference to the complex historical rela­ the principles of the report is that issues American Museum of Natural History tionships outlined by Cole will arise over of repatriation should be considered on (New York), and the Field Museum (Chi­ and over again. moral and ethical grounds, rather than cago) were built. Cole provides insight into strictly legal grounds. This principle re­ the collecting strategies of individuals REFERENCE flects the reality that some objects in mu­ who lived on the coast such as James Assembly of First Nations and the Cana­ seums were removed from their communi­ Swan of Port Townsend, Washington, and dian Museums Association ties in illegitimate ways. The task force's those of the museum curators such as 1992 Task Force Report on Museums report (1992) has been adopted by many Franz Boas, George Dorsey, and Marius and First Peoples. Turning the Page: Canadian museums. Barbeau. Reference to the letters and pa­ Forging New Partnerships Between In the preface added to the 1995 reprint pers of these individuals shows that their Museums and First Peoples, Ottawa. of Captured Heritage, Douglas Cole ac­ collecting activities were motivated by knowledges changes in the discourse con­ profit, professional ambition, the pursuit Ann Stevenson cerning museum collections which have of knowledge, and competitive rivalry be­ occurred in the ten years since the book tween individuals and institutions. Ann Stevenson is Collections Manager atthe USC Museum of Anthropology and was first published. These ten years have Chapters 8-9 focus on the changes has experience in dealing with proven critical for redefining relationships which occurred in collecting on the North­ repatriation requests and related policy betwe.en museums and First Nations and west Coast in the early years of this cen­ development. She was Project may lead some to view Coles' work as tury. Private collectors became more promi­ Manager for the From Under the Delta dated. However, Captured Heritage ex­ nent, and Canadian museums collected exhibition, currently showing at MOA, pands our understanding of the nature of more actively. Chapter 10 (Epilogue) ex­ and has participated in archaeological collecting on the Northwest Coast. The plores the history of Northwest Coast art projects in British Columbia and trends and patterns tlie author identifies scholarship in the earlier years of this cen­ Washington over the past twenty years. in his historical analysis of the period be­ tury. Chapter 11 (Themes and Patterns) She recently worked for the Sto:lo Nation as an Archaeologist and Urban tween 1875 and the 1920's also apply to summarizes the nature of museum collect- Development Monitor. some collecting in more recent times.

10 The Midden 28/3, Fall 1996 THE LIFE OF AN summer and winter, people often camped sons mentioned above. It will also be of in the open with no shelter". The posses­ interest to those people who wish to learn EXTRAORDINARY sions of Chiwid were few and very spe­ something of the interior of the province, cific to her outdoor subsistence. She car­ particularly the Chilcotin, where electric­ TSILHQOT'IN WOMAN ried her possessions and stored the others ity and other "modem" conveniences still in very specific locations that she found elude some residents including the Nemiah Chiwid as she needed them. She spent the entire Valley Indian Band, who choose to live year, in any weather living out in the open without it to preserve their way qf life. Collected by SAGE BIRCHWATER with little or no shelter. Her resulting life­ Small wonder then, that a woman like style and her woodswoman sense made Chi wid could exist in the 20th eentury! I'd Transmontanus I New Star books, her a legend in the territory. Several in­ like to thank Sage Birchwater for sharing Transmontanus No. 2, Vancouver, 1995. formants remark about her closeness to his work with the rest of us and I'd like to 126 pp., photos. Price: (Pb) $16.00 CDN. the animals and the wildness of her na­ thank Terry Glavin for helping Sage edit it ture, and that she lived like the old-timers and piece it all together. I've been looking Chiwid is a biography written as did. Nonetheless, Chiwid followed the forward to this book for many years. chronological series of stories that are yearly round of the Tsilhqot' in in the era based upon a collection of utterances that in which she lived and she echoed a pat­ REFERENCE Sage Birchwater, a freelance journalist tern of existence from an earlier time. Lane, Robert and author, has had the privilege of hear­ The style that was used in the book 1953 Cultural Relations oft he ing from the Tsilhqot'in and other resi­ might be a little confusing to those people Chilcotin Indians of West Central dents of the Chilcotin. Sage has lived in who have never interviewed native inform­ British Columbia. Ph.D. dissertation, this region for over twenty odd years in ants who speak English as a second lan­ University of Washington. University that wild, beautiful country known as the guage. Sage Birchwa ter has intentionally MicrofilmNo.1970-5296. Chilcotin, "the land steeped in tradition left the text in the form in which it was that lingered as if caught in a back-eddy given, with many of its imperfections. I Cindy English of time" (p.l2). The stories are designed did notice an inconsistency in many of to tell a tale of the life of an extraordinary the spellings of placenames such as Cindy English is an ethnologist who has lived and worked in the Chilcotin woman who lived alone in the wilderness Co chin which the Tsilhqot' in pronounce Kwatsine. These spellings at not consist­ for the Nemiah Valley Indian Band for for a significant portion of her life. Chi wid one year and several summers since ent from story to story. By sticking to the stories are told against an examination of 1988. She knows and has interviewed the Chilcotin lifestyle during the period vernacular of the country, Sage has pro­ for her own research many of the of time in which those residents of the vided a real sense of the style that is used characters who have been interviewed Chilcotin who are interviewed have ex­ in conversation by the Tsilhqot'in when for Chiwid. Like Sage Birchwater, she perience, mainly during the 1900's. they tell stories in English. It is not clear if has a passion for the wild untamed Chiwid is meant to bring to life the trans­ Sage ever used a translator when he did country called Chilcotin and a hearty formation of the Chilcotin country, the his interviewing. I suspect he didn't be­ respect for those people who have lived there. inevitable clash and integration of cul­ cause all of the individuals that I person­ tures that occurred, and to tell the story ally know that he interviewed for the book, of the incredible personalities that have all speak some English. If the book has a graced that country with their presence. flaw I would say that he might have en­ The question for archaeologists is: listed the help of a translator and inter­ does the story of Chiwid's life represent viewed more Tsilhqot' in. On the other a pattern of life that would be consistent hand, everyone he interviewed had some with an earlier form of lifestyle and sub­ memory of Chi wid. The difficulty that Sage sistence for the Tsilhqot'in in general? faced was how to interweave those memo­ The answer to this question is tempered ries into a story line, and still preserve the by the fact that Chiwid's early life was folksy character and authenticity of the spent in a dysfunctional marriage in collected stories. I think that he has been which she was abused. This could have successful in doing so. affected her mental stability. I found The book will be useful to those indi­ Chiwid's story interesting in light of viduals who have an interest in Tsilhqot' in Lane's (1953:46) assertion that "in both ethnology and archaeology for the rea-

The Midden 28/3, Fall1996 11 RECENT PUBLICATIONS

ARCHAEOLOGY Fagan, Brian. 1996 Ancient North America: The Archaeology ofa Continent. Second Edition. Thames and Hudson, London/New York. 480 pps., illus., further reading, bib., glossary, index. Price: (Pb) $34.95 US This book is an introductory text to North American prehistory with sections on Paleo-Indian hunter-gatherers, the Great Plains, the Arctic, the West (including the Northwest Coast, Interior Plateau, Great Basin, Southwest and California), and the Eastern Woodlands. The text is updated with new data from the Great Plains and Interior Plateau, and a new section on the "Hunter­ ·.Gatherers to the South and East". Mackie, Quentin. 1995 The Taxonomy ofGround Stone Woodworking Tools. BAR International Series 613, Oxford. vii+ 115 pps., tbls., plates, figs., appendices. Price: (Pb) £26.00 UK; ca. $52.00 CON. .

.This is the published version of Mackie's M.A. thesis on the analysis of pre-historic Northwest Coast ground stone adze~ or celts from the ethnographic Coast Salish culture area. The author discusses tool variability within this important artifact class, and the patternings through an analysis of behavioural processes which influence adze manufacture, morphology, and discard. Pringle, Heather. 1996 In Search ofAncient North America: An Archaeological Journey to Forgotten Cultures. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.. xi+ 227 pps., illus ., further reading, bib., index. Price: (He) $24.95 US/ $34.95 CDN. Pringle presents a popular overview of nine major archaeological sites in the United States and Canada. The Canadian archaeologi­ cal sites discussed in the text include Keatley Creek (British Columbia), Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump (Alberta), the Ball Site (Ontario), and Bluefish Cave (Yukon). Renfrew, Collin, and Paul Bahn. 1996 Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice. Second Edition. Thames and Hudson, London/New York. 592 pps, illus., glossary, notes and bib, index. Price: (He) 65.00 CDN; (Pb) $35.00US. This introductory text is a comprehensive overview of archaeological methods and theory. In the second edition, the authors present new material on the role of women in archaeology and the archaeology of gender. The discussion on dating techniques has been updated with current advances including DNA research. They have also added data from Southeast Asia and recent "dramatic" finds of the 1990's. Schmidt, Peter R., and Thomas C. Patterson, eds. 1996 Making Alternative Histories: The Practice ofArchaeology and History in Non-Western Settings. SAR Press, Santa Fe. 336 pps., illus., tbls., notes, bib., index. Price: (He) $40.00 US; (Pb) $18.00 US. In this text a number of international scholars discuss the disappearance of local histories due to colonial and neo-colonial influences, and from the past practices of western archaeologists and historians. Stewart, Hilary. 1996 Stone, Bone, Antler, and Shell: Artifacts ofthe Northwest Coast. Douglas & Mcintyre, Vancouver. 160 pps., illus., bib., glossary, index of artifact illustrations. Price: (He) $35.00 CDN. This is the revised and rewritten edition of the earlier Artifacts of the Northwest Coast Indians originally published in 1973. Through drawings and black and white photographs the author presents the manufacturing techniques and tool type and function of native Northwest Coast artifacts.

ETHNOLOGY AND MATERIAL CULTURE MacDonald, George F. 1996 Haida Art. Douglas & Mcintyre /University of Washington Press, Vancouver/Seattle. 256 pp., 175 illus. Price: (He) $65.00 CDN/$60.00 US. .

This is a comprehensive book on Haida art by the current executive director of the Canadian Museum of Civilization. His discussion of Haida art is presented with an overview of the historical, cultural, and cosmological contexts.

12 The Midden 28/3, Fall 1996 F.Y.I.

GOVERNMENT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA PUBLICATIONS MINISTRY OF SMALL BUSINESS, TOURISM AND CULTURE ARCHAEOLOGY BRANCH Free while copies last. Contact: Ms. Dana Woollard, Archaeology Branch, P. 0 . Box 9816, Station Provincial Gov­ ernment, Victoria, B. C. V8W 9W3. Tel: 660-2421 or 1-800-663-7867, ask for 356-0882; Fax: (604) 387-4420 1996 British Columbia Shipwreck Recording Guide (formerly published as Documenting Shipwrecks, 1991). Jack Foster (ed). 1996 British Columbia Designated Heritage Sites Registry. Ian Whitbread (ed).

MINISTRY OF FORESTS ABORIGINAL AFFAIRS BRANCH Free while copies last. Contact: Ms. Shannon Gelean, TUS Co-ordinator, Aboriginal Affairs Branch, Ministry of Forests, 3rd Floor, 610 Johnson Street, Victon·a, B. C. V8W 3EZ Tel.: 660-2421 or 1-800-663-7867, ask for 953-4766.

1996 Traditional Use Study Program Guides: Funding Proposal Instructions, Traditional Use Site Recording Guide, Traditional Use Database Technical Specifications.

D EBIT AGE

Congratulations to the Archaeologi­ ducting research in the Fraser Valley ing data on the public's perception of cal Institute of America (AlA), who on traditional St6:lo burning sites. archaeology and heritage... UBC gradu­ are celebrating their 30th anniversary Next year, Dana will be leading the ate student Doug Brown completed his this year.. . In May, the Underwater Ar­ 1997 SFU field school at the Scowlitz MA in November, entitled "Disposing chaeological Society of British Colum­ site (DhRl 16). The 1996 SFU field of the Dead: A Shell Midden Cem­ bia awarded Dr. Hector Williams, De­ school was directed by Dr. Philip etery in British Columbia' s Gulf of partment of Classics, Near Eastern and Hohler at Tsini Tsini, an early site on Georgia Region" ... Over the past year, Religious Studies at UBC, its distin­ the central coast of B.C. Dr. Knut Parks Canada has been kept ex­ guished service plaque in recognition Fladmark, also from SFU, is presently tremely busy, conducting various re­ for his 21 years of involvement with working on updating a bibliography search projects and monitoring impact the society... Heritage Day 1997 falls on B.C. archaeology ... The Secwepemc to archaeological sites by visitors on February 17th. Each year, Heritage Cultural Education Society/Simon within the parks. For example, they Day has a different theme. For exam­ Fraser University in Kamloops now monitored the visitor impact of camp­ ple, in 1992 the heritage of First Na­ offers majors in archaeology and an­ sites located on shell middens in Pa­ tions people was the focus. In 1997, thropology, and holds a field school cific Rim National Park, investigated to coirici~e with the SOOth anniversary each year for First Nations students. forestry impacts to Kootney National of the voyage of Cabot, Heritage Day This training helps feed students into Park, and conducted high altitude will celebrate a half millennium of the consultant work in the area... Drs. work at Yoho National Park. They also traditions, culture and settlement of David Pokotylo and Neil Guppy, UBC, worked with other government depart­ Newfoundland and ·Labrador... Dr. are working on a joint project com pi!- ments to provide CRM advice. Dana Lepofsky, SFU, is currently con-

The Midden 28/3, Fall1996 13 PERMITS Issues by the B.C. Archaeology Branch, June - October 1996

1996-162 Inspection Len Ham- AlA of DhRt 22, Vancouver Internationatl Airport, Richmond 1996-163 Inspection Peter Merchant -AlA of proposed forestry operationsby Weldwood of Canada Ltd, Quesnel Forest District 1996-164 Inspection Peter Merchant- AlA for West Fraser Mills proposed forestry operations in the Pelican Lak-e, Batnuni Lake and Blackwater River areas, Quesnel Forest District 1996-165 Inspection Mike Rousseau- AlA for BC Lands (Cariboo Region) residential & commercial land developments at Tatla Lake Properties; Pyper Creek; Charlotte Lake and Anahim Lake 1996~166 Inspection Arne Carlson - AlA of proposed 28 ha subdivision, Coast Land District on south bank of Nechako River near Greer Creek 1996-167 Inspection Warren Hill- AlA for International Forest Products proposed forestry operations, N of Hope on the east side of Fraser River 1996-168 Inspection Morley Eldridge- Inspection for AlA for proposed forestry operations in TSL A37810, west of Spences Bridge 1996-169 Inspection Bjorn Simonsen- Archaeological inventory and evaluation for proposed subdivision in Kitley Lake area, Skaha Lake 1996-170 Investigation Lindsay Oliver- Excavation of historic burials at Bowman's Hill, Chilliwack 1996-171 Inspection Morley Eldridge- AlA of forestry operations located W of Spences Bridge 1996-172 Alteration Shawn Kenmuir - Alterations to CMTs located on Kitkiata Inlet 1996-173 Inspection Ian Wilson -AlA of Skeena Sawmills forestry operations on Kitkiata Inlet 1996-174 Inspection Bjorn Simonsen -Site inventory of lands near Billings Spit near the mouth of the Sooke River 1996-175 Inspection Arne Carlson- Inventory and evaluation of 12 localities within the Vanderhoof Forest District 1996-176 Inspection Clarence Richie- AlA of Port Alberni Forest District operations in Woodlot 1475, W of Lantzville 1996-177 Inspection Bjorn Simonsen- Inventory of BCBC Riverview Hospital Property (Essondale), Coquitlam 1996-178 Inspection Keviii Twohig- AlA of Kalum Forest District forestry operations on the Nass, Taylor, and Sanyam Rivers 1996-179 Inspection Ed McCullough- AlA of various oil and gas developments in NE B.C. 1996-180 Alteration R.Friedrich/G.Payne- Felling/removal/processing and other alteration of CMTs within TFL 47, Graham and Moresby Islands, QCI 1996-181 Inspection Bjorn Simonsen- AlA of proposed subdivision near Mt. Currie, Lillooet Land District 1996-182 Alteration Terry Goodman- Construction excavations for proposed condominium on a portion of DcRt 18, 1296/1290/ 1284 Beach Drive, Oak Bay 1996-183 Inspection Geordie Howe- AlA of Campbell River Forest District forestry operations and access roads 1996-184 Inspection Diana French - AlA of Knappe Lake Forestry Campground upgrading Lakes Forest District 1996-185 Alteration AI Southwick - Construction of natural gas line within DgRs 2, Hwy17trsawwassen Drive, Municipality of Delta 1996-186 Inspection Roderick Heitzman- Evaluative testing of EdQa 75 and 78, Stoddart Creek, near Wilmer, B.C. 1996-187 Inspection Bjorn Simonsen - AlA of the proposed Greenville - Kincolith Road on N bank of the Nass River 1996-188 Inspection Rob Shortland - AlA of proposed hand-logging forestry operations on Kishkosh Inlet, North Coast Forest District 1996-189 Inspection Morley Eldridge - AlA of Ainsworth Lumber forestry operations near headwaters of Oregon Jack Creek '1996-190 Inspection Stan Copp - AlA of proposed MoTH gravel quarry for Camp McKinney Road, near confluence of lnkameep and Gregoire Creeks 1996-191 Inspection Terrance Gibson - Inventory of selected areas within the Mackenzie Timber Supply Area 1996-192 Inspection Bjorn Simonsen- AlA of 7 Mid-Coast Forest District timber sale blocks, at Margaret Bay, Ethel Cove, and Boswell Inlet (Smith Inlet) 1996-193 Alteration Kelly Tate-Removal of log stockpile from FaSb T96--17, within CP982, Block 2A, FL A45024, near Chilanko Forks in Chilcotin Forest District 1996-194 Inspection Geordie Howe - AlA of proposed Cowan Point residential subdivision, Bowen Island 1996-195 Alteration Hans Penner- Alteration of EjRe 19 resulting from upgrading of Bridge Lake North Road #314 by MoTH, South Cariboo District 1996-196 Inspection Mike Rousseau - AlA of Riverside Forest Products forestry operations within Chilcotin Forest District 1996-197 Inspection Arne Carlson- Research and excavations at FjSf 30, 61, 102, 155, and FkSf 11 , vicinity of Nechako Canyon 1996-198 Inspection Brad Smart- AlA of proposed subdivision near Dorcas Point, Northwest Bay, Nanoose District 1996-199 Alteration Christopher Lepine -Alterations to area of DhRI40, W side of the Harrison River, N of Hwy. 7, near Harrison Mills 1996-200 Alteration AI Bolger - Trench excavations for drainage pipes and manhole with EeRI192, BC Hydro's Seton Substation 1996-201 Inspection Brian Pegg - AlA of MacMillan Bloedel Kelsey Bay Division forestry operations within TFL 39, Block 2 1996-202 Alteration Don Johnson - Felling/removal/processing and other alterations to CMTs within TFL 39, Block 2, Campbell River Forest District 1996-203 Inspection Vicki Feddema- AlA of TimberW est forestry operations within TFL 2, West Cracraft Island

14 The Midden 28/3, Fall 1996 1996-204 Inspection Shawnee Palamantier- AIA of forestry operations within asserted Toosey traditional territory, Williams Lake Forest District 1996-205 Inspection Bruce Ball - AIA of Ainsworth Lumber forestry operations on Cornwall Creek, Kamloops Forest District 1996-206 Inspection Richard Brolly - AIA of proposed residential subdivision on the the NW shore of Nicola Lake 1996-207 Inspection Kevin Twohig-AIA for subdivision of Frac. L.S.2, Sec.l3, Tp.23, Rge.9, W6M, K.D.Y.D , on Shuswap Lake 1996-208 Alteration J.Waring/P.Scharfe/B.Craven- Cutting/falling/yarding/moving/milling of CMTs within TFL 19, vicinity of Gold River and Zeballos 1996-209 Alteration Dave Mackay - Alteration of CMTs in DjSo 17 and 18, Interfor timber harvesting blocks and access road rights-of-way, Zuciarte Channel and King Passage, Nootka Sound 1996-210 Inspection Vicki Feddema- AlA of Port Alberni Forest District Small Business Forest Enterprise Program forestry opera- tions, W coast of Vancouver Island · 1996-211 Inspection Andrew Mason- AlA of Lot B, D.L.5306, Gp.1, N.W.D, Plan 14935, in Powell River 1996-212 Investigation D' Ann Owens-Baird - Excavation of DcRu 92, Portage Inlet, View Royal District, within right-of-way fqr Victoria Approaches of Vancouver Island Highway 1996-213 Inspection Diana French - AlA of Riverside Lumber forestry operations within Arrow Forest District 1996-2l4 Inspection Martin Handly- AlA of Gorman Brothers Lumber, Tolko Industries, Weyerhauser Canada (Vernon & Salmon Arm Forest Districts), and Ministry of Forests forestry operations in the Vernon Forest District 1996-215 Inspection Bruce Dahlstrom - AIA of Canfor Forestry haulroads in Prince George Forestry District 1996-216 Inspection Jeff Bailey - AlA of proposed bridge for truck route crossing of Coldwater River in Merritt 1996-217 Alteration Wayne French - Felling/removal and other alterations to CMTs within TFK 44, Port AJberni Forest District 1996-218 Inspection Geordie Howe - AIA of Babine Forest Products and Decker Lake Forest Products forestry operations in DLFP 38 and DLFP 090, Lakes Forest District 1996-219 Inspection Ian Wilson- AIA of proposed improvements and upgrading of the Alaska Highway between Liard River and Muncho Lake Provincial Park 1996-220 Inspection Gabriella Prager- AlA for proposed BC Lands' projects in the vicinity of Fort Nelson 1996-221 Inspection Morley Eldridge -AIA for MacMillan Bloedel forestry operations within TFL 39, inland of Namu and Koeye 1996-222 Investigation Gordon Mohs -Data recovery at DgRn 23 within D.L.476, N.W.D. 1996-223 Inspection John Maxwell- Inventory in the vicinity of Spiller Inlet and Ellerslie Lake 1996-224 Inspection Morley Eldridge- Post-construction AlA of existing propane gas compound and pipeline within D.L.1863, at Echo Bay on Gilford Island, Coast District 1996-225 Inspection Mike Rousseau - AlA of Ministry of Forests Small Business Forest Enterprise Program (SBFEP) forestry operations within the Robertson Creek drainage, Kamloops Forest District 1996-226 Alteration Barbara Archer- Alterations to DcRu 92 by the Vancouver Island Highway Project, Portage Inlet, View Royal District 1996-227 Alteration Nigel Hemingway -Alterations to EjRg T4 and T5 at Horse Lake, Lillooet Land District 1996-228 Inspection Richard Brolly- AlA of Okeover Arm Provincial Park, N.W.D. 1996-229 Inspection Jean Bussey- AIA of Slocan Forest Products forestry operations including CP 551, Cutblocks 497, 523, and 563, in NE B.C. 1996-230 Inspection Ian Wilson - AlA of Mid-Coast Forest District SBFEp forestry operations within TSL A52433, Smith In­ let 1996-231 Inspection John Maxwell - AIA of DeRt 55, in conflict with proposed community hall on Lot 2, Sec.18&19, Pender Island 1996-232 Inspection Bruce Ball -AlA of forestry operations within TSL A51773, Williams Lake Forest District 1996-233 Inspection Morley Eldridge - Inventory and AlA of Woodlot forestry operations within the Kalum Forest District 1996-234 Inspection Ian Wilson - AlA of BC Hydro power distribution line, W shore of Seymour Arm, Shuswap Lake 1996-235 Alteration Art Lightburn- Alterations to portions of DhSb 8 & 17 within Lot 3, Plan 26956, D.L.22, Craig Bay, Nanoose District 1996-236 Inspection Kevin Twohig - AlA of proposed pump station and pipeline for Mount Polley Mine development, near Polly Lake 1996-237 Inspection Alexandra Maas - AIA of Northwood Pulp and Timber Ltd. Forestry operations within the Morice Forest District 1996-238 Inspection Alexandra Maas - AIA of Slocan Forest Products forestry operations within the Vanderhoof Forest District 1996-239 Inspection Clinton Coates - AIA of developments associated with the Jedney Gas Plant and Pipeline Expansion project, N of Fort St John 1996-240 Inspection Clinton Coates - AlA of developments associated with the Highway Pipeline Gathering System project, N of Fort St. John 1996-241 Inspection Andrew Mason - AIA of proposed TSL forestry operations within the Chilliwack Forest District 1996-242 Inspection Ian Franck - AlA of Evans Forest Products forestry operations in the Salmon Arm Forest District

The Midden 28/3, Fall1996 15 LECTURES

ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF AMERICA January 8, 1997 Joint AWASBC Meeting 8:00pm Excavating Ancient Stymphalos, 1994-1996 Professor Hector Williams, Department of Classics, Near Eastern and Religious Studies, University of British Columbia Lecture Theatre ofthe Vancouver Museum F'ebruary 4, 1997 The Roman Frontier on the Rhine 7:30pm Professor Colin Wells, Trinity University (Texas) Theatre at the Museum ofAnthropology, U.B. C. March 18, 1997 Ancient Israel and the Sea 7:30pm Professor Robert Stieglitz, Rutgers University (New Jersey) Theatre at the Museum ofAnthropology, U.B. C. April (TBA) Research in Ancient Yemen Dr. William Glanzman, University of British Columbia Theatre at the Museum ofAnthropology, U.B. C. THE UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA January 29,1997 The Maud Expedition: Underwater Archaeology in the Arctic 7:30pm UASBC Archivist David Stone Vancouver Maritime Museum February 26, 1997 USS Suwannee and Saranac: Early U.S. Navy Losses in British Columbia 7:30pm UASBC President Robyn Woodward Vancouver Maritime Museum March 26, 1997 Latest Developments in High-Tech Search Gear 7:30pm Sonar specialist Mark Atherton Vancouver Maritime Museum EXHIBITS

MUSEUM OF ANTHROPOLOGY Written in the Earth ThroughDecember31, 1996 Gallery 10 An exhibit of antler, stone, and wood carvings uncovered from archaeological sites throughout Coast Salish territory, illustrating that the roots to xwelmuxw art dates back more than 3,500 years. The exhibit also includes several reconstructions of design fragments by contemporary First Nations artists. From Under the Delta: Archaeology in British Columbia's Lower Mainland Ongoing Gallery 9 Features rare preserved wood and bark objects dating from the past 4,600 years, retrieved from 11 archaeological wet sites across the Lower Mainland; illustrates traditional fishing, woodworking, basketry and cordage technolo­ gies; explores cultural resource management issues; demonstrates various techniques used to recover objects from wet sites.

16 The Midden 28/3, Fall 1996 CONFERENCES

1997 April2-6 SAA, Society for American Archaeology, 62nd Annual Meeting NASHVILLE, Tennessee, USA The 1997 SAA annual meeting will focus on the accomplishments of national archaeological projects, work that is conducted, sponsored, or madate under national laws and policies. Over the past few decades, there has been a growing national commitment to archaeology. This isa reflection of an increasing interest in archaeology by both citizens and the govern­ ment. The program committee encourages papers and sessions to celebrate or critique the results of national archaeology programs, an important topic within the field of archaeology today. Further information: Society for American Archaeology, 900 Second Street NE #12, Wash­ ington, DC, 20002. Tel. (202) 789-8200; Fax (202) 789-0284. Direct any comments or questions concerning proposed ideas or content of presentations to: 1997 Program Chair, David G. Anderson, E-mail: [email protected]

AprilS Underwater Archaeological Society ofBC, 12th Annual Shipwrecks Conference VANCOUVER MARITIME MuSEUM, Vancouver, BC UASBC's annual symposium on underwater archaeology and maritime history features a full slate of speakers and slide shows. An optional dinner and awards night follows. Keynote speaker is Jerry Ostermiller, Director of the Columbia River Maritime Museum in Astoria, Oregon. He will discuss the museum's ongoing survey of the Isabella, a Hudson's Bay Company sailing ship wreck on the notorius Columbia River Bar in 1830. Further information: The Underwater Archaeological Society ofBC, 1905 Ogden Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V6J 1A3. UASBC President Robyn Woodward: (604) 877-1342.

May7-ll CAA, Canadian Archaeological Association, 30th Annual Meeting SASKATOON, Saskatchewan

May22-24 THE STo:LO- PEOPLE OF THE RIVER ST6:LO NATION, Chilliwack, BC The St6:Jo Nation, which represents and provides services to nineteen member First Nation communities located along the lower Fraser River, will be hosting an interdisciplinary confer­ ence on the St6:lo. The conference will be a forum for academics to present new scholarship dealing with issues pertaining to the St6:lo, as well as an opportunity for health care workers, government representatives, community development workers, and St6:lo people to discuss Sto:lo history, contemporary issues and views of the future. Call for papers: Participants are invited to propose a paper, panel or presentation that explores issues such as anthropology, archaeology, child welfare, community development, culture, education, fisheries, forestry, health, history, justice, resource management, social development, self-government and the future. Please submit a one page description (double­ spaced, with participant's name, address, and telephone numbers) for each paper no later than January 14, 1997. Conference Coordinator: Sarah Eustace, St6:1o Nation, Bldg. #5- 7201 Vedder Rd., Chilliwack, B.C. V2R 4G5; Tel. (604) 858-0662; Fax (604) 824-2525.

November (TBA) SIXTH ANNuAL BC ARCHAEOLOGY FORUM ST6:LO NATION, Chilliwack, BC Contact: Heather Myles, St6:lo Nation, Bldg. #5 - 7201 Vedder Rd, Chilliwack, B.C. V2R 4G5; Tel. (604) 858-0662; Fax (604) 824-2525.

The Midden 28/3, Fall 1996 17 ~MIDDEN P.O. Box 520 BentaU Station Vancouver, B.C. V6C 2N3 ------..~------