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Central Provinces District Gazetteers

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Central Provinces District Gazetteers CENTRAL PROVINCES ·­ DISTRICT GAZETTEERS DRUG DISTRICT VOLUME A DESCRIPTIVE EDITED BY A. E. NELSON' I.C.S. CALCUTTA PRINTED AT THE BAPTIST MISSION PRESS 1910 ' PREFATORY NOTE. In the compilation of this Gazetteer considerable use has been made of .Mr. E. R. K. Blenkinsop's Settlement Report of the Drug Tahsil (1903). The Chapter on Land Revenue Administration bas been omitted, as the Drug District bad, prior to the 1st January, rgo6, no separate Land Revenue history, and the necessary information may be found in the Raipur and BiHispur Volumes. Mr. Russell, I.C.S., has written the greater portion of Chapter I, Chapters III, V, VI, VII and the Appendix (except the articles on the Zamindaris). A brief sketch of the history of the District has been given by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal, Assistant Superintendent of Gazetteer. For a more detailed account a reference is invited to the Rai­ pur and BiHispur Volumes. The article on Geology has been contributed by Mr. Vredenburg of the Geological Survey and that on Botany and Wild Animals by Mr. Lowrie of the Forest Department. The Chapter on Forests is also based on notes supplied by the latter. The Chapter on General Administration has been supplied by Mr. Chitnavis, Deputy Commissioner. Notes for the section on Leading Families, the Chapter on Agriculture, and for the account of the Zamindaris have been sub­ mitted by Mr. Ratanparkhi, Extra Assistant Commis­ sioner. The whole book has been read by Mr. Mehdi Hasan, Deputy Commissioner. NAGPUR, A.E. N. JOIIJ June 1909. r DRUG DISTRICT GAZETTEER. CONTENTS. Ftuinc page LIST OF THE DEPUTY CoMMISSIONERS WHO HAVE HELD CHARGE OF THE DISTRICT I CHAPTER I.-GENERAL DESCRIPTION. Page BOUNDARIES AND PHYSICAL FF.ATlJRES I-6 GEOLOGY . 6-8 BOTANY 8-23 \VILD ANIMALS , ETC. .. 23-32 RAINFALL AND CLIMATE 32-34 CHAPTER H.-HISTORY AND ARCIL£0LOGY. HISTORY . • 35-48 ARCJL£0LOGY 48-49 CHAPTER !!I.-POPULATION. STATISTICS OF POPULATION so-ss RELIGION .. 5s-s6 CASTE 56-58 SOCIAL LIFE AND CUSTOMS 5~2 LEADING FAMILIES 6z-66 CHAPTER IV.-AGRICULTURE. SOILS 67 STATISTICS OF CULT~VATION 67-69 CROPS 69-83 IRRIGATION 83-87 CATTLE 87-93 Vl CONTI!:NTS. , CHAPTI!:R V.-LOANS, PRICES, WAGES, MANUFACTURES, TRADE AND CO~OfUNICATIONS. Page LoANS 94-99 PRICI!:S 10Q-101 WAGI!:S 101-103 MANUFACTURES 103-106 TRADE 106-109 COMMUNICATIONS IO<)-III CHAPTER VI.-FORESTS AND :MINERALS. LIST OF MAPS AND PHOTOGRAPHS. FORESTS II2-II4 MiNERALS .. II4-II6 CHAPTER VII.-F.AlfiNE II7-120 I. Old temple from north-east, Deo Baloda ..Frontispiece Facing pal(• 2. Map of the District I CHAPTER VIII.-GENERAL ADMINISTRATION 121-133 3· Geological Map 6 APP.ENDrx.-Gazetteer of Tahsils, Zamindaris, 4· Old temple from south-east, Deo Baloda . 49 Towns, important Villages, Rivers and 5· Map of railways and roads 109 Hills . I37-210 6. District Office, Drug 127 7· Interior of old temple, Deo Baloda 153 8. Side view of Drug tank 164 PARAGRAPH INDEX. CHAPTER I.-GENERAL DESCRIPTION. Boundaries and Physical Features­ I. Position and boundaries I 2. The open country 2 3· Hill tract of Sanjari 3 4· The northern zamlndaris $b. 5· The south-western zamindaris 4 6. Rivers ib. 7. Elevations 5 Geology­ B. Geology 6 Botany­ 9· General 8 10. Trees of waste lands ib. II. Trees of open fields 9 I • 12. Village trees . I! 13. Forest trees 14 14· Smaller trees and shrubs I7 rs. Climbers r8 r6. Parasites 19 17. Grasses 20 Wild animals, etc.­ I8. Wild animals 23 19. Birds 29 20. Fish 30 Rainfall and Climate­ 2I. Rainfall 32 22. Climate .. 33 ' PARAGRAPB INDEX. XI ' X PARAGRAPH INDEX. Pag• CHAPTER II.-HISTORY AND ARCH-£0LOGY. Caste­ Page s6 History­ 46. General notice 23. Early history-The Imperial Guptas Social life and customs- 35 59 24. The Sirpur kings 47· Marriage, birth and death 36 6o 25. The Shail kings . ib. 48. Houses, clothes and food 26. Shivadeva Leading families­ 37 62 27. The Haihayas ib. 49· The zamindaris ib. 28. "The Rajim inscription 38 so. Brahman families 63 29. Places mentioned in the Rajim m­ sr. Kurmi families 64 scription identified 40 52. Bania families 65 30. Division of the Haihayas 43 53· Rajputs, Marathas and others 3I. Inclusion of part of the District in ,. CHAPTER TV.-AGRICULTURE. Kanker 44 J2. The Sahaspur and other chiefs Statistics of cultivation­ 45 67 33· The Marathas ib. 54· Principal statisti~ ib. 34· British administration .. 55· Fallow 46 68 35· Reintroduction of the Maratha rule .. 56. Double-cropping 47 6<) 36. Introduction of the British rule in 57· Statistics of crops 1854 and subsequent administra­ Crops­ ib. tion ib. 58. Rice ib. A rchaology- 59· Rice varieties Archreological remains 6o. Transplanted rice 70 37· 48 ib. 6I. Biasi system CHAPTER III.-POPULATION. 62. Other methods of rice cultivation JI 72 Statistics of population­ 63. Weeding or ?&indai ib. 38. Formation of the DiStrict so 64. Harvesting and threshing 39· Tahsils 51 65. Seed and outturn 73 ib. 40. Density of population 52 66. Diseases of rice 41. Movement of population ib. 67. Kodon-kutki 74 42. Diseases '53 68. Urad, mung and moth 75 ib. 43· Occupation 54 6g. Til 76 44· Language ib. 70. San-hemp and other fibres ib. Religion­ JI. Cotton ib. 45· Religion-Village gods and priests 55 JZ. Arhar PARAGRAPH INDEX. XIII xii PARAGRAPH INDEX. " Page Crops-contd. Prices- Sugarcane IOI. Rice and wheat roo 73· 77 74· Tobacco and other minor crops ib. Wages­ 75· Fruit trees . ib . 102. Agricultural wa~es at last settlement re i 103. Village servants 102 76. Spring crops. Wheat 78 77· Varieties ib. 104. 2\fiscellaneous wages ib. 78. Diseases Afamtfactures­ 79 7g. Linseed ib. ros. Manufactures-Cloth, silk, etc. 103 8o. Gram 8o 106. Weights and measures 104 8r. Pulses-Masiir, tiurii and batrii 8r 107. Markets 105 82. Garden crops ib. roB. Fairs roo 83. Total value of crops ib. Trade­ 84. Manure 83 r og. Exports ib. Irrigatiott­ rro. Imports rog ss. Tank irrigation ib. Communications- 86. Works constructed 84 III. Railway and road~ north of the 87. Works proposed 85 railway ib. 88. Prospects of irrigation 86 II2. Roads south of the railway IIO Cattle­ 113. Statistics III 8g. Cattle breeds 87 go. Grazing 88 CHAPTER \'I.-FORESTS AND MINERALS. gr. Bulls, bullocks and cows 8g Forests­ g2. Buffaloes ib. II4. Government forests II2 g3. Sheep and goats go ns. Private forests ib. g4. Ponies and small stock gl rr6. Arboriculture 113 gs. DiSeases ib. Minerals­ g6. Cattle fairs and markets. g2 II7. Iron-ores rq rr8. Other minerals CHAPTER V.-LOANS, PRICES, WAGES, MANUFAC­ II5 TUREs, TRADE AND COMMUNICATIONS. CHAPTER VII.-FAMI:-..~. Loans­ ng. Early famines II7 g7. Loans and moneylenders g4 120. The famine of 1897 n8 g8. Castes of proprietors g5 121. The famine o{ 1900 gg. Condition of the proprietors g6 122. Seasons subsequent to rqoo l:!U roo. Tenants g8 XlV PARAGRAPH INDEX. PARAGRAPH INDEX. XV CHAPTER PagtJ ... VIII.-GE.NERAI., AD:'IIIXISTRATIO~. N ame of P lace-contrl Page Deokar 154 I2J. Staff Administrative Subdivisions and 121 Dhamda ib. 124. Land Record Staff 122 Dondi-Lohara Zamindari 155 125. Crime and littgation ib. Drug Tahsil 160 !:!6. R egisl!'a tion . 123 Drug Town 164 127. Statistics of revenue ib. Gandai Zamindari 166 128. Excise 124 Gandai Village 171 129. Opium 125 Gundardehi Zamindari ib. 130. Ganja ib. Gurur 175 13I. District Council and Local Boards 126 Kharun River ib. 132. '\I unicipalities ib. Khujji Zamindari 176 133· Village Sanitation 127 Koracha Zamindari 179 134· Puhlic Works ib. ¥alighori 182 135· P olice ib. Nagpura ib. IJf'. Kotwars 128 Nawagarh 183 137· Jail ib. Panabaras Zamindari ib. 138. E ducation 129 Parpori Zamindari 189 'Medical relief. 139· 131 Patan 192 Sahaspur-Lohiira Zamindari A:.>PF.NDix.-GAZETTEER OF TAHSIL.~, TOWNS, 193 Sahaspur Village IMPORT \NT VILLAGES, RIVERS AND HILLS. J95 Sanjari T~sil 196 Name of Place­ Sanjari Village 201 Ambagarh-Chauki 137 Satpura Hills ib. Arjunda • 140 Seonath River ib. Aut).dhi Zamindari 141 Silheti Zamindari 203 Balod 143 Sorar .. 205 B a nbar~d 144 Tandula River 206 Barbaspur Zamindari ib. Th.akurtola Zamindari ib. Bemetara Tahsil .. 147 Wararbandh 20<) Bemetara Village 152 Chandkhuri 153 Chaurel ib. Dalli Hills ib. Deo Baloda ib. ,.. List of Dept4.ty Commissiouers who have htld charge of the Drug District since its constitt4tion, vir., from 1st Jmzuary 1906. PF.RIODS. NAMES. ,_ From To :\fr. H. M. Laurie, J.C.S. 1-r-r9o6 · 23-1-1906 .I 1 :\lr. S.M. Chitnavis, S.C.S .. I 24-1-1906 I 30-4-1906 ~Ir. ).[. D. Ratanparkhi . I 1-5-1906 21-5-1906 ~fr. S.M. Chitnavi<>, S.C.S . I 22-5-1CJ06 ~Ir. ::\Iehdi Hasan, 1\I.A., Bar.­ at-Law 25-10-1907 ro-g-rgo8 ~Ir. S.M. Chitnavis, S.C.S... IJ-<)-1908 10-5-1909 ~fr . ~r. D. Ratanparkhi .. I Il-5-ICJ09 :\lr. :\Iehdi H asan, !\LA., Bar.- 1 at-Law . 21-5-1909 1 I ~---· .. halt I laol1 = It XII.-, ·~vxf.n rrt-- -··- .~ -· .. r=~ .. - r \\ t-..'•B l L I, 4: \ :;;) ~~~==----;H- ------t--­ ·~ I ' .......... i . \ DISTmiCT . OR~C. REFERENCES. CkiefTtwft.....................o Taklil ...........................• Yillaatl. ... IJ Ctaa I R......... .. · --­ lhbtr .... M... Oi&trict loulldafJ ......·-·-.-.;.;.& Tallail.. .. .•• . .. ..... _ ----­ la•i-" ..... ............... Railway FOf'llt. ..... ·· ...... ... .. lrepo:r~cl ~CleDy f?r the Su:pentrtend~n\ C-o.r.et\et.r Rev111ot1. C. P., Dlr., 8. I O.,Ca.kuu• frOID an Oritfinal tncms "'pphed by him DRUG DISTRICT. CHAPTER I. G~NERAL DESCRIPTION. BOUNDARIES AND PHYSICAL FEATURES.
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