Call for ideas Enel Power Plant Project located in the Municipality of

DOSSIER

CONTENTS

1. Overview of the project area ...... 6 2. Brief history of the power plant ...... 9 3. The Infrastructures of the territory ...... 10 4. Site accessibility and proximity to major urban centres ...... 11 5. The excellences of the territory and the produc on system ...... 13 6. Development scenarios and indica ons outlined in the “ Piano Territoriale Regionale” – P.T.R. (Regional Territorial Plan) and the “ Piano Territoriale Provinciale” – P.T.P. (Provincial Territorial Plan ) ...... 15 7. The site in rela on to the “ Piano Regolatore Generale Comunale” – P.R.G.C. (Town-Planning Scheme of the Municipality of Alessandria) ...... 18 8. Cadastral iden fi ca on, building areas, loca on of buildings and facili es ...... 24 9. Photographs of the project area ...... 27

This dossier is for general informa on purposes and should not be construed as being exhaus ve. As regards the tables and the regula ons of the current “Piano Regolatore Generale Comunale” P.R.G.C. , reference is made to that available at the following link: h p://www.comune.alessandria.it/fl ex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/5620 and/or in any case to that available at the Municipality of Alessandria. 1 — OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT AREA

Gas turbine power plant of Alessandria, Via Pavia 1 – loc. Valmadonna 15100 (Alessandria) 44°56’23”N, 8°36’25”E

A21 MOTORWAY

PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANT

TERNA POWER PLANT

SS494 PAVIA PROVINCIAL ROAD

Alessandria Power Plant (image: One Works 2015, 175; added text)

The power plant subject of the Call for ideas is situated in the Municipality of Alessandria, North of the city, in the “Valmadonna” district. The area is situated on the le bank of the river Tanaro. It borders to the North with the A21 - Piacenza - Brescia motorway. The plant occupies an area of approx. 66,000 m 2; the access is via the SS494 Pavia Provincial Road. The area is about 5 km from the city centre, the railway sta on and the hospital. 4 km from the site there is a major motorway slip road: the junc on between the A21 and the A26 Genoa-Gravellona motorways.

The nearest industrial areas are situated to the East, approx. 10 km away , towards the Municipality of Solero (Nomisma 2005). To the South and West of the city there are two ar sanal areas (Zones D3 and D5) easily accessible from the plant , at a distance of approx. 10-14 km (Nomisma 2005). The reference logis cs hub is the freight village of Rivalta, situated approx. 30 km from the site (ibid.).

The site of the power plant is surrounded by farmland, it borders with the motorway men oned above, a photovoltaic plant, an electric plant and it is situated close to an area classifi ed by the P.R.G.C. as an “area for social and hospital facili es”. Here there is the former “Vi orio Emanuele III” Sanatorium, now “Presidio Teresio Borsalino”, designed by Ignazio Gardella 1 (who completed the ini al project of his father): an H-shaped facility,

1 In Alessandria, for the fi ght against tuberculosis, Gardella also designed the tuberculosis dispensary and the hygiene and prophylaxis laboratory. 6 A21 motorway

ex sanatorium

river Tanaro

SS 10 VAR ring road

Ci adella Aero Club di Alessandria Politecnico di Torino Università del Piemonte Orientale

stadium Ponte Ci adella (under construc on) city centre

Overview of the area oriented in an East-West direc on. The sanatorium was built for the treatment of tuberculosis in the fi rst half of the 1930s; from 1978 it began to be used as a pneumology hospital. Subsequently it was only par ally used un l its complete closure, following the disastrous fl ood of 6 November 1994 (Montanari 2000). In 1997 the renova on and conversion of the site was proposed. Today the structure is a mul -func onal rehabilita on centre, with 2nd and 3rd level beds.

To the South of the site there is the river Tanaro and there are areas designated as public parks. In the Or district, South of the plant, there is a branch of the Politecnico di Torino (today no longer used for teaching but with research centres) and the Department of Science and Technological Innova on of the Università del Piemonte Orientale .2

Nearby, approx. 2 km towards the South, there is the “ Ci adella di Alessandria ”: a for fi ca on of major architectural, historical and cultural importance, da ng back to 1700, with a six-pointed star-shaped plan. Opposite the for fi ca on, the new bridge “ Ponte Ci adella ” is currently under construc on, designed by Richard Meier & Partners Architects.

2 The Department of Law and Poli cal, Economic and Social Science of the Università del Piemonte Orientale, on the other hand, is situated in the city centre.

7 Legend Perimeter of PISU area. Socio cultural axis Physical environmental axis Accompaniment and communica on Economy employment axis

General Plan of the Integrated Urban Development Plan (PISU). The perimeter of the PISU area is indicated in red. Map downloadable at: h p://www.pisualessandria.it/doc/pisu/Planimetria%20Generale%20Interven .pdf

The “Borgo Ci adella” (which includes the for fi ca on) and the nearby “Borgo Rovereto” (both located in the city of Alessandria) are aff ected by an integrated urban development plan (“Piano Integrato di Sviluppo Urbano” - PISU) called “ Dal Borgo Rovereto al Borgo Ci adella ”. The PISU is an urban redevelopment programme, which includes: redevelopment interven ons , ac ons in support of the economy and employment , social and cultural accompaniment and support interven ons, as well as communica on ac ons able to foster the interac on between local public and private players (P.I.S.U. n.d.). Both areas have a great poten al, which is linked to the possibility to revitalize the old historic core of the city and to relaunch the military Citadel , making it a centre of a rac on for cultural ac vi es and tourism (ibid.). These ini a ves will be developed especially a er the construc on of the new bridge “ Ponte Ci adella ” and when the two areas will have new infrastructures and services able to make the areas adjacent to the banks of the river Tanaro more usable (ibid.).

8 2 — BRIEF HISTORY OF THE POWER PLANT

Aerial view of the Plant

The gas turbine plant in Alessandria came into opera on at the end of 1979 and produced electricity un l 1993; the plant contributed to mee ng the needs of the na onal grid in periods of very high demand or in cases of emergency to ensure the balance of electricity fl ows in the grid (Enel SpA, nd). Given the type of opera on required of the plant, it was characterised by a limited number of hours of opera on per year (on average less than 150 hours/year) (ibid.).

In 1994 the plant was placed in “long preserva on status” and has not generated any electricity (ibid.).

In 2004, following the problems that emerged in the na onal electricity sector in the summer of 2003, it was reinstated with the exclusive use of natural gas (ibid.).

In recent years there has been a signifi cant decrease in produc on due to a decrease in market demand; in 2013 the plant was therefore fi nally put out of service (ibid.). In par cular, since 10 January 2013, the groups were made unavailable for service, in accordance with the Ministry of the Environment, while on 12 December 2013 the closure of the plant was authorised by the Ministry of the Environment and Protec on of the Land and Sea (“Ministero dell’Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare”) (ibid.).

9 3 — THE INFRASTRUCTURES OF THE TERRITORY

LEGEND

Power Plant Major urban centres

Airports

Ports Motorways Main roads Fast fl owing roads and ring roads Railways

FORECASTS: New planned motorways New fast fl owing roads Main roads

tangenziale sud-est The infrastru ure (images: One Works 2015, 176, 177)

The plant is situated in an area bounded to the North by the A21 motorway, to the East by the SS494 Pavia Provincial Road and to the South by the SS10var ring road. The SS494 road provides easy connec on with the Alessandria ring road, which is connected to the West with the A21 motorway. Moving to the East it is possible to reach via the SS10. The area is well served in infrastructures, especially given its proximity to the motorway slip road. Of interest is also the project of the new Broni-Mortara motorway.

10 4 — SITE ACCESSIBILITY AND PROXIMITY TO MAJOR URBAN CENTRES

LEGEND

Power Plant Major urban centres Motorways Main roads Fast fl owing roads and ring roads Local roads Railways Waterways Site entrance Site exit

Accessibility (image: One Works 2015, 178)

IMAGES 1; 2: View of the SS494 provincial road from the plant entrance

IMAGE 3: View of the access to the power plant

1

2 3

Access to the Power Plant

The site is accessed via the SS494 provincial road, from which, as already men oned, the SS10var ring road and the A21 motorway can be easily reached.

11 Isochrone Popula on (2011) 0-10 90,969 10-20 51,455 20-30 278,987 30-60 3,831,900 tot. 4,253,311

Accessibility isochrones (image and table: One Works 2015, 179)

Inhabitants/square km 0 - 250 250 - 500 500 - 1,500 1,500 - 5,000 5,000 - 15,000 more than 15,000

Popula on distribu on(image: ibid.)

The accessibility isochrones relating to the power plant are highly infl uenced by its proximity to the A21 motorway slip road (One Works 2015, 179). In the “radius” accessible within 30-60 minutes there are large urban centers such as Turin and Genoa, the border of the city of Milan, as well as smaller towns such as Pavia, Vercelli and Novara. The good accessibility of the site allows a large catchment area to be reached: nearly 4.3 million inhabitants live within the “radius” of 0-60 minutes (2011 data) (ibid.).

12 5 — THE EXCELLENCES OF THE TERRITORY AND THE PRODUCTION SYSTEM

Power Plant Manufacturing and industrial districts Commercial areas

Ports Agricultural, ar san and food and wine produc on University centres Railway sta on Areas of historical and archaeological interest Airports Areas of naturalis c interest Logis cs and intermodal centres The excellences of the territory (image: one Works 2015, 180)

Alessandria is an important hub of the Northern motorway system. Regarding the logis cs structure of the province, worthy of men on are: the transport system of Tortona (with the freight villages of Rivalta Scrivia, the intermodal centres of , Arquata and Scrivia), the freight village of Villanova d’As , the logis cs district cons tuted by the centres of and Casalese, as well as the intermodal centre of Mortara (situated in the province of Pavia) (One Works 2015, 180). Of great importance are also the freight terminals of Novi San Bovo in , of Alessandria and of (ibid.).

Nearby there are important manufacturing districts: the gold district of , that of refrigerators of Casale Monferrato, and Qua ordio and the cement district of Trino and Casale Monferrato (ibid.). Towards Turin there are: the tex le district of Chieri and Cocconato, the metal district of Pinerolo and Pianezza and the mechanic district of Turin (ibid.).

13 Worthy of men on for food and wine are the Canelli alcoholic beverages district in the provinces of Cuneo, As and Alessandria, and the red wine hub between Casale Monferrato and As (ibid.).

As regards the historical and archaeological heritage, a number of important castles and historic villas are situated in the provinces of Cuneo, As and Alessandria (ibid.) and there are several military construc ons situated in Alessandria. It should also be noted that near the current Spine a , the historic ba le of Marengo was fought between the troops of Napoleon and the Austrian army.

As for naturalis c a rac ons, worthy of note is the Po and Orba River Park and in par cular: the swamp of San Genuario, the Partecipanza Forest of Trino, the Gigante Fountain and the Island of Santa Maria (ibid.).

THE PRODUCTION SYSTEM OF THE PROVINCE AND OF THE CITY OF ALESSANDRIA

The area of Alessandria has a solid economic and industrial fabric, with a high degree of industrialisa on characterised by the presence of large industrial groups and foreign mul na onals, as well as a network of small and medium enterprises (Nomisma 2015, 9). The province, with 40,303 ac ve businesses in 2013, accounts for almost 10% of Piedmontese companies and just over 0.8% of all Italian companies; in par cular companies: - ac ve in the agricultural sector amoun ng to 22.3%; - ac ve in the industrial sector, 10.3%; - opera ng in the construc on sector, 15.9%; - ac ve in the service sector amoun ng to more than 50% (of which 22.8% in commerce) (ibid., 4). The number of people employed in 2013 amounted to 172,000 (a decrease of 4.4% compared to 2010). They are mainly distributed in services (112,000), followed by industry (55,000) and agriculture (5,000) (ibid.). In terms of density of companies, the province ranks slightly above the regional and na onal average, with 107.7 companies per thousand inhabitants (ibid.).

The produc on fabric is characterised by the presence of Italian and foreign mul na onals and large groups, with a strong export propensity (51.1%) which puts the in second place in (a er Novara) and above the na onal average (27.9%) (ibid., 7). The main exports concern jewellery and precious stones, precious base metals and other metals and machinery; the main markets are Switzerland, Germany and France (ibid.) The economic context, despite having suff ered a decline in ac vi es following the economic crisis, remains compe ve (ibid., 25).

Regarding specifi cally the Municipality of Alessandria, there is a good level of specialisa on in the mineral extrac on sector and in services with regard to the Province, Piedmont and (ibid.). The city is also specialised in tex les with regard to the Province, in the manufacture of rubber and plas cs with regard to Piedmont and Italy (ibid., 8). Concerning the value of produc on 3, it is possible to iden fy the top 20 companies in terms of turnover, with registered offi ce in Alessandria: these are companies working in the commerce sector, chemical industry and in the manufacture of rubber and plas cs (ibid.)

3 The datum relates to the fi nancial statements of companies and coopera ves with registered offi ce in the Municipality of Alessandria in the AIDA Bureau Van Djik data base, in the period 2011-2013 retrieved in Nomisma 2015, 8

14 6 — DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS AND INDICATIONS OUTLINED IN THE “ PIANO TERRITORIALE REGIONALE ” – P.T.R. (REGIONAL TERRITORIAL PLAN) AND THE “ PIANO TERRITORIALE PROVINCIALE ” – P.T.P. (PROVINCIAL TERRITORIAL PLAN ) 4

THE “PIANO TERRITORIALE REGIONALE” – (P.T.R.)

The ”Piano Territoriale Regionale” highlights that the evolu on of Alessandria is infl uenced by its posi on of poten al “back-port” of Genoa (Relazione illustra va P.T.R., 102). The main territorial projects regard infrastructures, logis cs and related urban transforma ons , for which Alessandria cons tutes a logis cs crossroads of na onal importance (along with Novi Ligure and Tortona) (ibid.). The infrastructure network, the dense urbanisa on, the presence of industrial ac vi es along the main roads, the freight centres, as well as the development of important projects in the logis cs fi eld - such as the logis c park of Alessandria (Cantalupo, Casalbagliano, Villa del Foro) and the Logis c Terminal Europe project (Castellazzo ) - make feasible both the ac va on of a “back-port” func on for Alessandria and the possibility to take advantage of the global infrastructures to develop district and urban logis cs services (ibid.). These opportuni es are considered to be in synergy with the Novara hub and with the consolida on prospects of the Novi and Tortona hubs (ibid.). Addi onal trends consist of strengthening the services present in the city, par cularly within the fi elds of services for fi rms, training, technology transfer and research (with an increasing par cipa on of the Università del Piemonte Orientale and the Politecnico di Torino) (ibid.). Regarding the gold district, it is planned to cope with the exis ng recurring crises with a greater integra on of the meta-district supply chain with training, technological innova on, marke ng and design (ibid.).

THE “PIANO TERRITORIALE PROVINCIALE ” (P.T.P.)

Areas with homogeneous voca on The “Piano Territoriale Provinciale” iden fi es 21 areas with homogeneous voca on (“ambi a vocazione omogenea”) according to the environmental and historical-economical characteris cs and the economic structure of the territory; for these areas the P.T.P. iden fi es the key development objec ves (Relazione Illustra va P.T.P., 15).

Alessandria is part of the area 5: “Alessandria ci à dei grandi servizi” (Alessandria, city of services). The main development goals iden fi ed for this area are: − hydrogeological protec on − development of ter ary and advanced ter ary func on (universi es) − re-use of brownfi elds and “large containers” − strengthening of the railway hub − development of the role of integrated logis cs hub − strengthening of the railway yard − development of the industrial pole while respec ng environmental compa bility (ibid. 25).

The defi ni on of the contents of the P.T.P. was based on the following strategic and founding choices: “the development of the environmental resource”, “the development backbones”, “the third railway crossing of the Ligurian Apennines”, “the infrastructure rebalancing backbone”, “the centre of services and the provincial centres”, “the urban sprawl areas and the urban areas”, “the historical values of the territory”, “the requalifi ca on of ac vi es” and “the enhancement of tourism in the territory”.

4 PIANO TERRITORIALE PROVINCIALE, Approvato con D.C.R. n. 223-5714 del 19/02/2002, I VARIANTE DI ADEGUAMENTO A NORMATIVE SOVRAORDINATE, Approvata con D.C.R. n. 112-7663 del 20/02/2007

15 The development of the environmental resource This strategy involves the Southern Apennine area and the hills of Monferrato, South of the river Po (ibid. 17).

The development backbones Two axes are iden fi ed, which are generated by the new fl ow of traffi c towards the North, due to the development of the Ligurian ports and to the new European development axis that goes from the south of France to Eastern Europe (ibid. 18). Specifi cally: 1) South-North backbone - axis linking the port of Genoa Voltri and, generally, all Ligurian ports with the Sempione and with central Europe. 2) West-East backbone - axis linking Cuneo and As with Casale and, subsequently, with the Voltri-Sempione link. The role of Alessandria and Casale is strategic in both the backbones. The P.T.P. envisages, in support of the two backbones and the construc on of two new motorway exits (, Mirabello), the strengthening of the Alessandria railway yard and the construc on of a 2nd level intermodal centre in Casale. The development of the West-East backbone has as its cornerstone the new As -Cuneo motorway, now in an advanced planning stage (ibid.).

The third railway crossing of the Ligurian Apennines In addi on to the backbones, the P.T.P. highlights the importance of implemen ng the third railway crossing of the Ligurian Apennines, focusing, therefore, on the development of the Valle Scrivia and of its industrial ac vi es (ibid. 19).

The infrastructure rebalancing backbone The idea of the “infrastructure rebalancing backbone” intends to strengthen the province of Alessandria, already rich in infrastructures, by expanding the SS 30 road, the Val Bormida railway line and by construc ng the motorway exit in Pedrosa (see ibid.).

The centre of services and the provincial centres The P.T.P. recognises Alessandria as an important centre for services (universi es, health, service industries) and connotes the other centres of the province according to their peculiari es: Casale - city of history; Valenza - city of gold; Tortona - city of technology; Novi Ligure - city of produc on; - city of baths; - city of wine. (ibid. 20)

The urban sprawl areas and the urban areas Among the areas of urban sprawl, the P.T.P. also includes the area situated between Alessandria and Valenza, which is a high quality hilly landscape. (ibid.21)

The historical values of the territory Among the historical elements of great importance, there are sanctuaries, castles, Romanesque churches, as well as military architectures. The P.T.P. also highlights that the Via Francigena project has been able to combine both historical heritage safeguard and the promo on of the territory. (ibid. 22)

The requalifi ca on of ac vi es The P.T.P. underlines how the lack of a global design of the produc ve areas has compromised the territory. Therefore, it proposes to strengthen the ac vi es located along the rebalancing backbones: a) South-North, Genoa Voltri, Sempione; b) West-East, Cuneo, As , Casale, c) South-East, Genoa Serravalle, Tortona, Milan, and to requalify the West-East axis Turin, As , Alessandria for the centre of and the infrastructures that delimit the triangle Alessandria, Spine a Marengo, Novi Ligure, Tortona (ibid. 22).

The enhancement of tourism in the territory Finally, the P.T.P aims to enhance tourism in the territory by combining accessibility and recovery of the monumental heritage with economic development (ibid. 23). Alessandria is considered a tourist centre of provincial importance, in par cular it is interpreted in terms of “widespread tourism” (ibid., 52). Among the i neraries, worthy of note is the military architecture i nerary in Alessandria (ibid., 53)

16 THE SITE OF THE POWER PLANT IN RELATION TO THE P.T.P.

As regards the indica ons of the P.T.P. concerning the site of the Power Plant, the drawing “ Tav. n. 1 Governo del Territorio – Vincoli e Tutele ” includes the area among those with “soils with good produc vity” (see also: Norme di A uazione P.T.P., art. 21.4).

Moreover, the site is classifi ed by the P.T.P. as “Subsystem of vast area services - Technological Facili es” “ So osistema dei servizi di area vasta - Impianto Tecnologico ” (see Tav. 3 “ Governo del Territorio: Indirizzi di Sviluppo ”).

Art.26 - “So osistema dei servizi di area vasta - Impianto Tecnologico”

1 The subsystem consists of the following regulated areas: 1 - areas for health facili es (H) 2 - area for higher educa on (universi es and colleges) (I) 3 - areas for sports facili es (S) 4 - parks (P) 5 - technological facili es (It) 6 - congress and exhibi on centre (CF)

2 - Objec ves Orient projects and programs according to the objec ves defi ned in the P.T.P., iden fying, in par cular, areas suitable to accommodate vast area services.

3 - Direc ves The local planning localises vast area services […] with the requirements and compa bili es of the P.T.P.”. (transla on of: Norme di A uazione P.T.P., Art. 26).

Finally, it should be noted that there are no landscape constraints on the site (Nomisma 2015).

17 7 — THE SITE IN RELATION TO THE “PIANO REGOLATORE GENERALE COMUNALE ”5 – P.R.G.C. (TOWN-PLANNING SCHEME OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF ALESSANDRIA)

LAND USE

Land Use. Map taken from the PRGC – “Tav. 2B - Schema d’insieme” (the map, in the PRGC, is in scale 1:20000)

Project Area

Legend

Areas for plants and services of a district nature Main areas for ar san and warehouse se lements Main areas for tourist and accommoda on ac vi es Main areas for social and hospital facili es Main military areas Main public park areas Boundary of the administra ve neighbourhood units Urbanized areas (“quar eri”) Main areas for industrial se lements Areas subject to protec on due to the presence of archaeological elements

5 P.R.G.C. approvato con deliberazione Giunta regionale n. 36/29308 del 07/02/2000; variante parziale Marzo 2014

18 Project Area

Land Use. Map taken from the PRGC – “ Tav. 4 - Des nazioni uso del suolo” (the map, in the PRGC, is in scale 1:2000)

Near to the Power Plant there are agricultural areas and there is an area for social and hospital facili es (where the former sanatorium, now “Presidio Teresio Borsalino” is located).

The area occupied by the Plant is classifi ed by the PRGC as CE - power plants and telephone exchanges ( “CE - Centrali ele riche e telefoniche” ) (see “Tav. 4 - Des nazioni uso del suolo”), which is included among the Areas for plants and services of a district and urban nature ( “Aree per impian e servizi di cara ere comprensoriale e urbano”)

Point 1 of Ar cle 32 sep es “ Aree per impian e servizi di cara ere comprensoriale e urbano” of the “Norme di A uazione” of the PRGC prescribes:

1 . The areas for plants and services of a district and urban nature are intended to accommodate technological infrastructures, airport facili es, religious ac vi es of common interest, facili es and systems of a district interest, such as: - sports club ac vi es (AP) - airport (AE) - carabinieri sta on (C) - congress centre and related accommoda on structures (CC) - power plants and telephone exchanges (CE) - red cross (CR) - sports centre (CS) - helicopter rescue (E) - fair and related accommoda on structures (F) - research ins tutes (IR) - transport vehicle depot (T) - university (U) - fi re brigade (VF) - cemetery (X) - prison (Y)” (transla on of : Norme di A uazione, Art. 32 sep es, point 1).

19 Within the context of the “Call for ideas”, as expressly stated in the Call, it should be noted that it is possible propose other func ons for the site (excluding energy genera on and waste management, treatment and disposal systems).

Below is the transla on of the remainder of Ar cle 32 sep es:

2) Construc on of new plants, where these concern areas exceeding 5,000 sqm., if implemented by private en es, are subject to prior “ Strumento Urbanis co Esecu vo ” (Execu ve Urban Instrument). In any case the indices and parameters to be applied are: - “indice di u lizzazione fondiaria Uf ”, 1 sqm/sqm - maximum coverage ra o, 50%. For everything not specifi ed, reference should be made to the specifi c sectoral legisla on.

3) In par cular, the areas for technological infrastructures are intended for the implementa on of facili es and depots related to technological services (treatment plants, power plants, telephone exchanges, pumping sta ons and AMAG, AMIU, SIP, ENEL depots, etc.). For everything concerning indices and parameters, reference should be made to the specifi c sectoral legisla on in force.

4) Areas for sports centres are intended for the implementa on of equipment and facili es for games and sports. In these areas the P.R.G.C. is implemented with the following indices and parameters: - “indice di u lizzazione fondiaria Uf ”, 1.00 sqm/sqm of which no more than 2/3 for covered facili es - minimum distance from surrounding buildings with private boundaries, 10 m - minimum distance between windowed walls of buildings and windowed or non-windowed walls of other buildings, 10 m - public car parks not less than 50% of the “superfi cie fondiaria ”. Interven on on the service areas is primarily reserved for Public Administra on or the competent ins tu onal authori es. Direct interven on by private en es on private land for the construc on of facili es for public use is possible only subject to the prepara on of specifi c agreement with the Municipal Administra on defi ning the terms and forms of use of the property to ensure public frui on. Interven on by private en es on public land is also possible, based on concessions by the En ty owning the area and of agreements with the Municipal Administra on, governing the procedures for execu on, management and use of the planned works.

5) In par cular, areas for religious ac vi es of common interest are intended to accommodate religious communi es and private services managed by religious communi es. In these areas the P.R.G.C. is implemented with the following indices and parameters: - “indice di u lizzazione fondiaria Uf ”, 1 sqm/sqm - maximum coverage ra o, 50%. - minimum distance of the buildings from surrounding private borders, 0.00 metres if the adjacent lots are built on the boundary, 5m in all other cases - minimum distance between windowed walls of buildings and windowed or non-windowed walls of other buildings, 10 m - public car parks or those for public use not less than 50% of the “ superfi cie fondiaria ” involved in the interven on.

6) In par cular, areas for airfi elds, helicopter rescue and racetracks are intended for the implementa on of: - facili es for airfi elds and helicopter rescue; - facili es for racetracks or the like; - buildings for direct use by the above ac vi es; - buildings at the service of ac vi es and people in carrying out specifi c func ons. For everything concerning indices and parameters, reference should be made to the specifi c sectoral legisla on in force. Interven on on the service areas is primarily reserved for Public Administra on or the competent ins tu onal authori es. Direct interven on by private en es on private land for the construc on of facili es

20 for public use is possible only subject to the prepara on of specifi c agreement with the Municipal Administra on defi ning the terms and forms of use of the property to ensure public frui on. Interven on by private en es on public land is also possible, based on concessions by the En ty owning the area and of agreements with the Municipal Administra on, governing the procedures for execu on, management and use of the planned works.

6bis) An area for the reloca on of airport facili es currently exis ng in the municipality is envisaged with specifi c cartographic iden fi ca on. This cartographically iden fi ed area is subject to “Strumento Urbanis co Esecu vo” of public ini a ve that will defi ne the interven on procedures. […]

7) If the implementa on of plants and services of a district and urban nature takes place with the reuse of exis ng buildings, it is nevertheless possible to recover the en re volume of the buildings and, in order to improve the hygienic and func onal condi ons, to implement an expansion not exceeding the 20%, on condi on that the necessary public car parks are built, in case also in the surrounding areas.

GEOMORPHOLOGICAL RISKS

Areas situated within Band C and/or behind Band B and in the districts of Spine a Marengo and Li a (Norme di A uazione art. 51)

Geomorphological risks. Map taken from: Allegato 2 N.T.A. - “Carta di sintesi delle pericolosità geomorfologiche”, Tav. 3.

21 Areas in which the exis ng risk is to be considered minimised RIGHT AND LEFT RIVER TANARO UP TO THE RAILWAY BRIDGE

ORTI, PIOVERA DISTRICTS, RIGHT BORMIDA

LEFT TANARO - FROM CITTADELLA BRIDGE TO RIO LORETO - FROM THE SANATORIUM TO VALLE S.BARTOLOMEO

FORMER QUARRY AREA CASCINA ISOLETTA

Areas s ll at risk and prevision of risk minimisa on LEFT RIVER TANARO, FROM RIO LORETO TO A26 (AT LEAST UNTIL 2011)

Areas which can be built since the defence works and/or the territorial improvement works considered suffi cient to minimise the exis ng risk have been accomplished - comparison of status quo May 2007- May 2009. Map taken from: “ Analisi dello stato di a uazione degli interven esegui vol alla riduzione del rischio idraulico in Alessandria, Situazione al maggio 2009” ( “Analysis of the status of implementa on of the interven ons carried out aimed at reducing the fl ood risk in Alessandria, Situa on as at May 2009”).

The P.R.G.C. divides the territory into two zones: a hill area and a plain area (see Norme di A uazione, Art. 51). The site of the Power Plant is included within the plain area and it is classifi ed as “Class III, high geomorphological risk”, in par cular, it falls within “Class IIIb α”.

The area of the Power Plant is among those in which today the exis ng risk is to be considered minimised (given the defence works and/or the territorial improvement works considered suffi cient to minimise the exis ng risk have been executed - see map).

Regarding the requirements for areas classifi ed as “Class IIIb α” see Ar cle 51 of the “Norme di A uazione”.

In par cular, it should be noted that: 6) in these areas the construc on of basements or sub-basements is permi ed (whose access is nevertheless via the fl oors at a height equal to or greater than those indicated in Table A), at a height lower than those indicated in Table A or than that of the maximum excursion of the water table, as long as intended solely as a garages, cellars, store rooms without the con nuous presence of people, subject to specifi c surveys referred to in point H of D.M. 11 marzo 1988, access to which is nevertheless via the fl oors at a height equal to or greater than those indicated in Table A; the construc on of basements or sub-basements shall not interfere with the water table and shall therefore be subject to the results of prior surveys aimed at verifying the depth of the water table and its maximum and annual historical excursion, from which a clearance of at least 50 cm must be guaranteed. Basements or sub-basements must be implemented adop ng technical measures suitable to prevent fl ooding and ensure their frui on in safety. Recourse to ar fi cial raising of the ground level is permi ed where it is ascertained that such interven on does not cause abnormal increases in the water level during fl ooding, such as to cause greater damage in adjacent areas. Interven ons must ensure the maintenance and improvement of surface drainage of the area, the absence of nega ve interference with the aquifers present and with the safety of the exis ng defence works. […] Transla on of: Variazioni Norme di A uazione, Art. 51, point 6.

22 The area is also part of the “Aree ed edifi ci sogge ad inondazione per piena catastrofi ca ” (areas and buildings subject to fl ooding due to catastrophic fl oods):

Art. 51 bis - “Aree ed edifi ci sogge ad inondazione per piena catastrofi ca ”:

These are the areas aff ected by the presence of the type C band referred to in “Stralcio delle Fasce Fluviali ” approved with “D.P.C.M. 24 luglio 1998”, for which the provisions and regula ons envisaged by the PRGC are fully applicable, but must be subject to par cular a en on in prepara on of the Civil Protec on Plan by the Municipal Administra on (transla on of: Norme di A uazione, Art. 51 bis).

SEPARATION DISTANCES

Motorway 1 The graphical indica on of buff er zones of roads and road junc ons contained in the “Tavole di Piano” (drawings of the PRGC) has mandatory value for exis ng roads, while it may, on the other hand, be modifi ed during the fi nal design for the new roads of the PRGC, but un l such me it has mandatory value for roads s ll to be realised. 2 The exis ng “ strade extraurbane ” (interurban roads) and those planned according to provisions of Decreto Legisla vo 30 aprile 1992, n.285 “ Nuovo Codice della Strada ” have been grouped into four types; each class corresponds to a diff erent measure of distance from the edge of the road that must be respected in the case of construc on; the distance must be measured in horizontal projec on: for A type roads - motorways, main roads etc. […] - the minimum distance is 60 m [...]. See: Norme di A uazione, Art. 56.

Boundaries Regarding new construc ons, the distances of buildings from the property boundary must be equal to half the height of the building and in any case not less than 5.00 m with windowed wall, 3.00 m with non-windowed wall and with possibility of building on the boundary. Industrial construc ons are excluded: they keep a minimum distance of 10.00 m from the boundaries with blind wall. […] Smaller distances are permi ed in the case of interven on via “ Strumento Urbanis co Esecu vo” (Execu ve Urban Instrument). In any case, it is necessary to respect the distances resul ng from compliance with the alignment requirements of the PRGC and with the provisions of the “ Strumento Urbanis co Esecu vo” . Distances are measured perpendicularly to the boundary from the nearest limit of the wall of the building. Transla on of: Variazioni Norme di A uazione, Art. 5, point 10.

Minimum distances between buildings In all areas subject to “ intervento edilizio dire o ” (direct construc on) [...] the prescribed minimum distance between windowed walls is equal to 10.00 m. Smaller distances are permi ed in the case of interven on via “Strumento Urbanis co Esecu vo”. In the Central Area […] the minimum distances between buildings cannot be less than those exis ng between the pre-exis ng buildings. In all other areas, the minimum distance between walls is equal to half of the height of the highest building with a minimum of 6.00 m for non-windowed walls and 10.00 m for windowed walls. If there are, in adjacent proper es, buildings constructed before the date of adop on of the PRGC, whose height does not allow compliance with the distances provided in the preceding paragraph, new buildings may only meet the distance equal to half of their height and with a minimum of 6.00 m between non-windowed walls and 10.00 m between windowed walls. In any case, it is necessary to respect the distances resul ng from compliance with the alignment requirements of the PRGC, with the determina ons of the Municipal Administra on and with the provisions of the “ Strumento Urbanis co Esecu vo” . Transla on of: Norme di A uazione, Art. 5, point 8.

23 8 — CADASTRAL IDENTIFICATION, BUILDING AREAS, LOCATION OF BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES

The Site is owned by Enel Produzione and occupies, according to cadastral data, an area of 66,179 m 2 (Nomisma 2015, 16).

The results of the analyses that were carried out to verify the presence of pollu on in the area, in rela on to its current industrial func on, were nega ve.

The site is iden fi ed in the Cadastre as follows:

Cadastral Func on Catastral registra on Cadastre Sheet Parcel Subaltern Quality area

Land x “Terreni” 29 111 Ente Urbano 66.179 m2 (land)

Cadastral Func on Registra on Cadastre Sheet Parcel Subaltern Category area

Centrale Enel Enel Produzione SpA “Fabbrica ” 29 111 7 D/1 - (buildings)

Table: Nomisma 2015, 16

Below is a scheme of the proper es of the areas to the East of the power plant and the calcula on of the covered area ( “superfi cie coperta” ) of the buildings on the Site (excluded from the calcula on are plant, tanks, prefabricated cabins, etc.) (ibid. 17). By “covered area” is meant the projec on on the ground of the building. The calcula on was made by Nomisma based on drawings and sample measurements.

Code Func on Floors Covered Area - Covered Area - (see the plan) Buildings (sqm) canopies (sqm)

1 Porters’ lodge 1 above ground 20 2 General services buildings 1 above ground 636 9 Fire pumps 1 above ground 297 14 Fire valves cabins 1 above ground 26 15 Warehouses 1 above ground 478 16 Compressor room 1 above ground 76 29 Vehicle garage 1 above ground 136 32 Canopy 1 above ground 60 Total 1.533 196

Calcula on of Covered Areas of buildings in reinforced concrete and/or masonry (Nomisma, 2015, 18)

24 Property scheme (Nomisma 2015, 18)

In Site there is a well : “concessione preferenziale n. 3205 secondo D.D. N. 219/46384” of 10/04/2006 issued by the province for deriva on of water from the water table for potable uses (Nomisma 2015, 20).

Signing of the power line easement for an electricity substa on in favour of ENEL Distribuzione SpA (Sheet 29, parcel 374 and parcel 111, sub. 8) is in progress , consis ng of the right to maintain electricity transforma on and dispatching equipment, as well as the right of transit of the power lines connec ng the substa on to the medium and low voltage grid and of the distribu on lines, as well as the right of way of pedestrian and vehicular traffi c from Via Pavia (through Sheet 29, parcel 374 and parcel 111, Sub. 8).

Electricity substa on

Substa on subject to easement in favour of Enel distribuzione S.P.A. (Municipality of Alessandria, Sheet 29, parcel 374)

Right of pedestrian and vehicular way and transit of underground MT/BT power lines (Municipality of Alessandria, Sheet 29, parcel 374 and parcel 111, sub. 8) Source of the Map: Enel Finally, there is a right of way outside the perimeter of the site in favour of the power plant (sheet 29, parcel 308 belonging to Enel Produzione SpA, Enel Distribuzione SpA and Terna SpA) (ibid.).

25 MAP OF THE AREA WITH LOCATION OF EXISTING BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES (Map source: Enel)

1 - 90 MW gas turbine groups 2 - General services buildings 3 - Fuel pump canopy 4 - 15,000 cubic metre fuel tank (no longer used) 5 - Square for unloading tankers (no longer used) 6 - 50 cubic metre tanker for unloading fuel tank (no longer used) 7 - 50 cubic metre tanker for unloading fuel tank (no longer used) 8 - 1500 cubic metre fi re water tank 9 - Fire pump building 10 - Wastewater treatment plant 11 - Methane decompression area 12 - Methane condi oning boiler building 13 - Canopy for methane valves sta on 14 - Fire valves cabin 15 - Warehouses 16 - Compressor room 17 - Water “so ener” room 18 - Filter room 19 - Turbine oil refrigerants 20 - Exciter panels cabin 21 - Refrigerant 22 - Gas turbine air refrigerant 23 - Star centre 24 - Control room 25 - Turbine oil container room - group auxiliaries 26 - General services 27 - Air panel 28 - Oil removal panel 29 - Vehicle canopy 30 - Emergency diesel cabin 31 - Emergency diesel fuel tank 32 - Launch diesel

Rainwater networks that can be polluted by oils Rainwater networks that cannot be polluted by oils Imhoff tank water networks Industrial wastewater Point of discharge into surface water

Diesel depots Temporary waste depot Sewers and wastewater Points of emission into the atmosphere Water supply

26 9 — PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE PROJECT AREA

The following photographs can be downloaded from the website’s sec on “call and documenta on”. For the posi on from which the photographs were taken please refer to the following plans.

29 27 26 28 25 15 19 16 18 24 22- 20 14 23 21 36 13 17 44

11 10

7-61 12 8-9

6 1

3 4 5 2

43 62 35-34 42 40 39 37- 66 41 38

46 45

65 48 50 64 52 47 49 51

53 63 55 56 54 60 57 58 59

27 12 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

10 11 12

13 14 15

16 17 18 192 20 21

22 23 24

25 26 27

28 29 30

31 32 33

34 35 36 372 38 39

40 41 42

43 44 45

46 47 48

49 50 51

52 53 54 552 56 57

58 59 60

61 62 63

64 65 66 SOURCES CITED

Enel S.p.A. n.d. Centrale di Alessandria. Retrieved from: h p://www.futur-e.enel.it/manifesto/impian /alessandria/

Montanari Guido. 2000. Il sanatorio Teresio Borsalino di Gardella: dalla costruzione all’a uale recupero . In: Alessandria e Borsalino. Ci à archite ura industria, Vera Comoli (a cura di). SO.G.ED. Edizioni: Alessandria pp. 125-144. Retrieved from: h p://www.fondazionecralessandria.it/Biblioteca/30/index.html?pageNumber=127 Nomisma. 2015. Report sito di Alessandria .

Norme di A uazione, Testo coordinato adeguato ai contenu della III Variante Stru urale. Dicembre 2010. P.R.G.C. Ci à di Alessandria. Adeguamento e contro deduzioni alle osservazioni del Comitato Urbanis co Regionale in conformità ai dispos di cui al 15° comma dell’ar colo 15 della Legge Regionale 5.12.1977, n. 56 e successive modifi che ed integrazioni. Riformulazione resa necessaria a seguito dell’alluvione del novembre 1994 – Deliberazione Giunta Regionale18 marzo 1996, n. 47/7002

Variazioni Norme di A uazione, Variante urbanis ca parziale al P.R.G.C. Marzo 2014. Approvato con modifi che “ex uffi cio” con deliberazione della Giunta Regionale 7 febbraio 2000, n. 36-29308 (pubblicata sul Bolle no uffi ciale della Regione Piemonte n.7 16 febbraio 2000) e successiva re fi ca con deliberazione della Giunta Regionale n. 13-29915 (pubblicata sul Bolle no Uffi ciale della Regione Piemonte n. 18, 3 maggio 2000)

Norme di A uazione P.T.P . Provincia di Alessandria, Piano Territoriale Provinciale approvato con D.C.R. n. 223-5714 del 19/02/2002, I Variante Di Adeguamento A Norma ve Sovraordinate approvata con D.C.R. n. 112-7663 del 20/02/2007

Relazione Illustra va P.T.P. Provincia di Alessandria, Piano Territoriale Provinciale approvato con D.C.R. n. 223-5714 del 19/02/2002, I Variante Di Adeguamento A Norma ve Sovraordinate approvata con D.C.R. n. 112-7663 del 20/02/2007

Relazione Illustra va P.T.R. Regione Piemonte. Approvato con D.C.R. n. 122-29783 del 21 luglio 2011.

One Works. 2015. Centrale termoele rica di Alessandra (AL). In: Analisi immobiliare dei si marginali di Enel Produzione, pp. 174-190.

P.I.S.U. |Proge o Integrato Sviluppo Urbano. n.d. Retrieved from: h p://www.pisualessandria.it/pisu_intro.asp

***

Useful websites

Piano Regolatore Generale Comunale: h p://www.comune.alessandria.it/fl ex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/ IDPagina/5620

Piano Territoriale Provinciale: h p://www.provincia.alessandria.gov.it/index. php?ctl=prodo &idbl=33¶m=33&id=91&fl =singola

Piano Territoriale Regionale: h p://www.regione.piemonte.it/territorio/pianifi ca/nuovo_ptr.htm www.pianostrategico-alessandria.it www.pisualessandria.it

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