Unit 11 – Terms and Concepts Irish/BHS Chapters 22-23 Spring, 2013 Chapter 22-The , 1900-1920 Chapter 23-From Roosevelt to Wilson, 1900-1916 1. Lincoln Steffens (The Shame of the Cities) 1. Progressivism (defined and characterized) pg. 668-669 2. Ida Tarbell (History of the Standard Oil Company) 2. rise of professions and the new middle class (impact on the 3. “muckrakers” Progressive Era) – “professionalization of reform” 3. origins of the Progressive Era (pg. 670-671) 4. progressivism 4. social-justice movement and reformers

5. use of terms new and mass 5. Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and the Anti- 6. mass production (positives and negatives) Saloon League 7. impact of the automobile 6. Eighteenth Amendment (1919) – Prohibition 8. Henry Ford 7. Mann Act (1910)  assembly-line system 8. role of women in the social-justice movement 9. Women’s Suffrage  Model T (aka “Tin Lizzie”)  Carrie Chapman Catt (National American Women  The five-dollar day (pg. 657) Suffrage Association) 9. Federal Aid Roads Act of 1916  Alice Paul and Lucy Burns (Congressional Union) 10. Trusts and the progressive debate over growth of the trusts  Nineteenth Amendment (1920) 11. Industrial capitalists vs. finance capitalists (pg. 643) 10. reforms and setbacks in women’s and child labor and worker’s 12. Industrial research laboratories rights: 13. “scientific” labor management and its effects of workers  state laws 14. Frederick Winslow Taylor (The Principles of Scientific  Lochner v. New York (1905)  Muller v. Oregon (1908) Management)  Keating-Owen Act (1916) 15. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire and its impact  Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918) 16. Rural and farm life (1900-1920)  Second Child Labor Act (1919)  Advantages: Higher prices, increased standard of  Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Company (1922) living, technology, better roads, and mail delivery 11. William James and the doctrine of pragmatism (Pragmatism)  Disadvantages: Higher land prices, tenancy (esp. in 12. John Dewey pragmatic education (School and Society and the South), Democracy and Education) 13. Growing popularity of Socialism (1900-1920)  Western irrigation projects – federal Newlands Act of  Eugene V. Debs 1902 and the U.S. Reclamation Service  Socialist Party of America 17. Women as part of the workforce (1900-1920) 14. Progressive belief = government as agent for change & reform 18. Child Labor (1900-1920)  Growth of government (local, state, and federal) 19. Women’s Trade Union League  Increased government involvement (bureaucracy) 20. Sheppard-Towner Maternity and Infancy Protection Act (1921) 15. Decline of voter turnout (1900-1920) 21. Margaret Sanger – social reformer and birth control advocate 16. Municipal reforms (local/city) 22. W.E.B. Du Bois vs. Booker T. Washington  Galveston, TX and Staunton, VA (city commission and city manager systems) 23. Niagara Movement, NAACP, and the National Urban League  Mayoral reforms to cut down on corruption and 24. Immigration (1900-1920) special privilege  “new” vs. “old” immigration  Municipal control of public utilities  “Americanization” programs 17. State reforms  Mexican immigrants  More regulatory and protective laws passed  Chinese and Japanese immigrants  “democratizing” government (pg. 678-679)  Ellis Island v. Angel Island i. Direct primary (used first in Wisconsin) ii. Secret Ballot (aka the Australian Ballot)  nativism iii. Initiative 25. labor unrest and increased union membership/activity iv. Referendum  Samuel Gompers (AF of L) v. Recall  WTUL vi. Seventeenth Amendment (1913) – Direct  Hart, Schaffner agreement election of U.S. Senators  Robert M. La Follette (“Fighting Bob”) – most famous  Industrial Workers of the World (IWW / Wobblies) led reform governor from Wisconsin by William “Big Bill” Haywood and “Mother” Jones i. “Wisconsin Idea” 26. mass production, advertising, and mass consumption ii. Wisconsin = “the laboratory of democracy” 27. demographic changes and development of urban areas iii. Use of the state university system 28. pastimes and popular forms of entertainment (sports, movies, 18. Vaudeville, music, literature, dance, and art) 19. Roosevelt’s “” – the “three C’s” (control of 29. Realism – the Ashcan School (example: George Bellows) corporations, conservation of environment, consumer protection) 30. Modernist Art – the New York Armory 20. Roosevelt’s use of the “”

31. new poetry 21. Roosevelt’s view on trusts (“good” vs. “bad” trusts) Unit 11 – Terms and Concepts Irish/BHS Chapters 22-23 Spring, 2013 Chapter 23 – Continued …

22. Trust Busting – Roosevelt’s record v. ’s 23. Roosevelt’s arbitration of the anthracite coal strike (pg. 681) 24. Election of 1904 – Theodore Roosevelt (Republican) 25. of 1903 26. of 1906 27. Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle 28. Meat Inspection Act of 1906 29. of 1906 30. Roosevelt’s conservation policy (Multi-Use Resource Management) 31. Gifford Pinchot 32. Panic of 1907 33. Election of 1908 – William Howard Taft (Republican) 34. Republican Party split – conservatives vs. progressives 35. Payne-Aldrich Act of 1909 36. Ballinger-Pinchot controversy (causes and effects) 37. Mann-Elkins Act of 1910 38. Sixteenth Amendment – federal, graduated income tax (1913) 39. Seventeenth Amendment – direct election of U.S. senators (1913) 40. Taft’s antitrust campaign 41. “rule of reason” (pg. 687) 42. Election of 1912  Taft – Republican  Woodrow Wilson – Democrat  Theodore Roosevelt – Progressive “Bull Moose” Party  Eugene V. Debs – Socialist Party 43. Roosevelt’s “New Nationalism” vs. Wilson’s “New Freedom” 44. Woodrow Wilson 45. Wilson’s attack on the “Triple Wall of Privilege”  Tariffs – Underwood Tariff Act of 1913  Trusts – Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914

 Banks – Federal Reserve Act of 1913

46. Wilson’s views on Women’s suffrage and segregation (pg. 691)

47. Keating-Owen Act of 1916 – restricting child labor (struck down

by the Supreme Court)

48. Election of 1916 – Wilson re-elected (Democrat) “peace and

progressivism” – he promised to keep the U.S. out of the war in

Europe.

49. Impact and limitations of Progressivism? (pg. 695)