Cur e trangeof theeastern po , P,i ted ntlng ' sserinaci "-,rt 1: Breedin.
550-km (341-mi) gap centeredon 85ø W longitudethat currentlyseparates the east- ern andwestern breeding populations (Fig- ure 1). Giventhe current state of knowledge, it seems more accurate to treat the eastern and westernpopulations rather than the easternand western subspecies. From what is presentlyknown, the easternand western populationsare allopatricon the breeding sive habitat loss in the Outer Coastal Plain of groundsas well as the winteringgrounds. thesestates, which comprise the areas of the Thesetwo breedingpopulations differ dra- populationsgreatest densuy, tt is tmperatwe maticallyin timingand pattern of molt,tim- PaulW. Sykes, Jr. that a consortium of diverse interests work ing of migration,and in severalmorpholog- USGSPatuxent Wildlife Research Center togetherto providesufficient habitats for ical characteristics, thus suggesting thiscolorful native songbird. differencesat the specieslevel (Thompson WarnellSchool of ForestResources 1991a, 1991b). Basedupon the work of OVERVIEW Thompson(1991a, 1991b), Sibley and Mon- TheUniversity ofGeorgia The breedingrange of PaintedBunting roe(1993) recognizedthe eastern and west- Athens,Georgia 30602-2152 (Passerinaciris) in the easternUnited States ern populationsas separate species: Eastern isrestricted to a smallportion of theAtlantic Painted-Bunting(Passerma ciris) and West- (e-mail:[email protected]) Coastal Plain of four southeastern states. ern Painted-Bunting(P. pallidiot). The Com- Partnersin Flight(P1F) originally listed the mittee on Classification and Nomenclature buntingas a highlyranked Species at Risk of the AmericanOrnithologists' Union has StephenHolzman (4.29/5.00)in needof attentionin a physio- not yet madea decisionon sucha split.To graphicregion of highimportance (Hunter clarifyif sucha splitis warranted,a studyof U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service et al. 1993a, 1993b).More recently,PIF re- geneticdivergence of the easternand west- WestparkCenter, Suite D visedand expanded its classificationsystem ern populationsof the PaintedBunting is andpublished it in theNorth American Con- currentlyunderway by J. T. Klicka,C. W. 105Westpark Drive setrationPlan (Rich et al. 2004),placing the Thompson,and Sykes;mitochondrial and PaintedBunting in the Speciesof Continen- nucleolarDNA are beingexamined from Athens,Georgia 30606 tal Importancefor the United Statesand materialsfrom the breedingand wintering (e-mail:[email protected]) Canada:Watch List Species--Restricted dis- rangesof thetwo populations. tributionor low populationsize. Sincethe taxonomicquestion of a split Twosubspecies, P c. cirisand P c. pallid- hasnot yet been resolved, we simply refer to ior, havebeen described based upon mor- the easternbirds as the easternpopulation. ABSTRACT phologicalvariation. However, these two Thiseastern breeding population of Painted This paper presentsthe currentbreeding subspeciesare only weaklydifferentiated Bunnngis found along the Atlanticcoast rangeof PaintedBunting (Passerina ciris) in (Storer1951). Plumages and morphometrics from southeastern North Carolina to north- a seriesof mapsand a narrative,in particu- showmuch overlapand are minor,clinal, eastern Florida and extends inland in South lar thatof the easternpopulation, which is and not distinctive enough to warrant Carolinaand Georgia (Figures 1 and2). restricted to the states of North Carolina, nomenclaturaldistinctions (Thompson The recentliterature gives the breeding SouthCarolina, Georgia, and Florida.Some 1991a, Lowther et al. 1999). A further bio- rangeof the easternpopulation of Painted conservation measures are recommended to logicalconcern is thatthe two subspeciesas Buntingin relativelygeneral terms (Stokes protectthis population. In lightof theexten- currentlydescribed do not coincidewith the andStokes 1996, A.O.U. 1998, Lowtheret al.
4 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS KS MO
NC
TN
$C
? NM GA ? ? AL • tx
of Mexico
Figure1.1'he breeding range of the western (green) and eastern (orange) populations ofPainted Bunting. Note the gap between the populations andthe large difference insize of the two ranges. Thereare two small groups ofbreeding outtiers shown for each population (black arrows); atArnericus, Surnter County, 6A, and at Apalachicola, Franklin County, FL, in the east and in the vicinity of St.Louis, MO, and at East St. Louis, IL, in the west. Mexican state abbreviations areCH for Chihuahua, COfor Coahuila, NLfor Nuevo Leon, and TA for Tarnaulipas. Data to create map adapted frorn Howelland Webb 1995, Lowther etal. 1999, Lockwood andFreeman 2004, and pets. comrn. with Walter 6eorge (MO), Howard Horne (AL), 6reg D. Jackson (AL), Mark Lockwood (TX), Jerry R. Oldenet- tel(NM), Chuck Otte (KS), Mark Robbins (KS, MO), Max Thornpson (KS),Richard L West (AL), and S.O. Williams (NM). The nurnher ofsquare kilometers within the breeding range of the western popu- lationof Painted Bunting asherein delineated isas follows (% of total for populatmn isgiven parenthetically): United States--Alabama 3143 (0.2), Arkansas 117,911 (8.7), Illinois 165 (>0.01), Kansas66,550 (4.9), Lousiana 107,847 (8.0), Mississippi 63,985 (4.7), Missouri 19,309 (1.4), New Mexico 15,996 (1.2), Oklahoma 147,582 (10.9), Tennessee 375 (>0.01), and Texas 580,501 (43.0); Mexico--Chihuahua70,594 (5.2), Coahuila 111,958 (8.3), Nuevo Leon 38,145 (2.8), and Tarnaulipas 7194 (O.S). Total range for the eastern and western populations combined is1,405,608
1999,Sibley 2000, Dunn 2002, Petersonand Table 1. Abbreviationsand EWCC Fishand Wildlife Conservation PRHSDParks, Recreation, and Historic Peterson2002), and in several caseswhere acronymsused in Tables and text. Commission SitesDivision rangemaps are presented, the mapscontain EWS U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service Proj. Project numerouserrors. We hereinupdate and pro- a acre(s) (]IS (]eograph•cInformation FSP PreserveState Park videclarity for the breeding range of theeast- AEC AtornicEnergy Commission System Pt. Point AFB U.S.Air Force Base ernbirds using the most current information (]PS (]1obalPositioning System RIC ReserveTraining Center AP AquaticPreserve ha hectare(s) SF StateForest in a seriesof maps,and the range is discussed AS AirStation HM HistoricMemorial SFS StateEorest Service for eachof thefour states. Thts appears to be BBA BreedingBird Atlas Project HP HeritageEreserve SHP StateHistoric Park thefirst attempt to mapthe breeding range of BBS BreedingBird Survey HS HistoricSite SHS StateHistoric Site the easternpopulation of PaintedBunting in CP Cityor County Park Is. Island(s) SNA StateNatural Area detail.Further refinement of the breeding CR CoastalReserve km kilometer(s) SP StatePark DEP DepartmentofEnvironmental mi rnile(s) SPr State Preserve rangeshould evolve as further work is con- Protection MSRA MereoffalState Recreation Area SPS StatePark Service tinued in the four-state area. DNR DepartmentofNatural NASANational Aeronautic andSpace SR State Reserve Many,but not all, of the public-owned Resources Adrninistmtion SRA StateRecreation Area landswithin the rangeare shownon the DOA U.S.Department ofAgriculture NER NationalEcological Reserve Sta. Station statemaps. The inclusionherein of public DOD U.S.Department ofDefense NERR NationalEstuarine Research TTRS TallTimbers Research Station, Reserve Tallahassee landswas requestedby the newly formed DOE U.S.Depar•'nent ofEnergy DOI U.S.Depar•'nenr ofthe Interior NF NationalForest USA U.S.Army EasternPainted Bunting Working Group to DOT DepartmentofTransportation NM NationalMonureent USAf U.S.Air Force aidland management agencies in developing DPR Divisionof Parksand Recreation NMe NationalMernorial USMCU.S. Marine Corps conservationstrategies for this declining DPREDepartment ofParks, Recreation, NP NationalPark USN U.S.Navy species.This informationshould also be and Entertainment NPr NationalPreserve WaMAState Waterfowl Management helpfulfor thebirding pubhc, but oneneeds DRP Divisionof Recreationand Parks NPS NationalPark Service Area DSS DredgeSpoil Site NRR NationalResearch Reserve WC WildlifeCenter to checkabout access in advanceregarding a EHP EcologicalandHistoric Preserve NS NationalSeashore WMA StateWildlife Management Area specificsite, as some sites listed are not open EISC FleetIndustrialSupply Center NWR NationaIWildlifeRefuge WMD WaterManagement Distrkt to the public,or accessis permittedin only FS U.S.Forest Service PA PowerAuthority WRD WildlifeResources Division
VOLUME 59 (2005) NUMBER I 5 pers.obs.). Where buntings are using forest Table2. Selectedlands in public ownership with in the breeding range of the eastern population ofPainted Bunting habitats,there is generallyan opencanopy inNorth Carolina. Site numbers correspond tonumbers on state map (Figure 3). andsmall openings scattered within the for- SITE SIZE(acres) est.The mostheavily used habitats general- ly are patchymosaics that have a shrub- FI•ESHWATER SALINE scrubcomponent and areasof grasses(i.e., NO. AGENCY COUNTY NAME TOTAL UPLAND WETLANDSWETLANDS particularlythe generaPaspalum and Se- 1 NCDPR Carteret RachelCarson 2025 303 0 1722 taria)with somevine tanglesoften present. Ecol.Reserve The winteringrange of theeastern popu- lationof thebunting (Florida, Bahamas, and 2 NCDPR Carteret Ft.Macon SP 389 229 4 156 Cuba)will be presentedin PartII.
3 NCDPR Carteret 1headoreRoosevelt 265 230 8 27 METHODS StateNat. Area' The currentrange of the easternpopulation 4 DOD,USMC Carteret U.5.Military Reservation, 853 853 0 0 o[ PaintedBunting is derivedfrom the litera- BogueAirfield ture,state Breeding Bird Atlas (BBA) results (noneof whichhave yet been published, but 5 NC DPR OhslOw HammocksBeach SP 835 793 0 42 severalof which are on-line, as in SouthCar- 6 DOD,USMC Onslew MarineCorps Base, 146,156 69,382 70,859 5915 olinaand Florida; Georgia's arias is to bepub- CampLeJeune lishedin a yearor two),Breeding Bird Survey (BBS)data, consultation with keyindividuals 7 NC DPR New MasonbarDIs. CR 5515 827 0 4688 knowledgeableabout the distribution in their Hanover respectivestate, and our overallexperience 8 NCDPR New CarolineBeach SP 420 394 13 13 with the speciesin the region.The breeding Hanover rangeis presentedin a suiteo[ mapsat three differentscales in orderto provideboth an 9 NCDiv. of Brunswick BrunswickTownHS 120 94 6 20 overviewand adequate details o[ therange in Historic5ires relationto physicalfeatures across the land- 10 DOD,USA Brunswick Mil•aryOcean 11,100 8600 2000 500 scape.lhe breedingseason in this paperis Terminal,Sunny Pt. definedas mid-April through August. The abbreviations and acronyms used are 11 NCDPR New Ft.Fisher 5HS 38 38 0 0 listed in Table 1. Hanover The serieso[ mapswere designed to pro- vide [or the information needs of a broad 12 NCDPR New Ft.Fisher 5RA 287 187 14 86 Hanover spectrumof users.These maps were created in the lollowingmanner. lhe rangewas 13 NCDPR New ZekesIs. CR 1650 412 0 1238 drawn on statemaps from availabledata. Hanover/ Brunswick Thesepaper maps were scanned and georef- ereneedto digital countyboundaries ob- 14 NCDPR New BaldHead Is. 5NA 1195 119 0 1076 tainedfrom each state's Geographic Informa- Hanover non System(GIS) clearinghousewebs•te. EnvironmentalSystems Research Institute 15 NCDPR Brunswick BaldHead Is. CR 173 164 0 9 (ESRI) ArcGIS software was then used to
16 NCDPR Brunswick BatteryIs. 55 25 0 30 createan ArcGISshapefile by digitizingthe boundaryonscreen. 17 NCDPR Brunswick BirdIs. CR 1438 144 0 1294 The numbers in the first column in Tables 2 through5 listselected public-owned lands TOTRL Rcres 172,514 82,794 72,904 16,816 andcorrespond to the numberson themaps Hectares 69,818 33,507 29,505 6806 for the respectivestates. All acreagefigures 'Includes25acres occupied bythe IVor•h Carolina A½•#um. for publiclands were obtained in consulta- tionswith staff members of theagencies that managethese properties. The total acreage limitedareas within a g•vens•te. rural fields; salt, brackish, and freshwater of publiclands in the tablesis dividedinto The easternPainted Bunting uses a wide marshes(for foraging);shrub-scrub com- threecategories: (1) upland,which includes rangeof habitatsand local landscapes,in- munities on the leeward side of barrier is- both developedand undevdopedlands not cluding: maritime shrub-scrubcommuni- landsbetween developed areas and the salt generallyflooded, with or withoutvegetative ties;Live Oak maritimeforests; mixed pine- marsh; small isolated hammocks(islands) cover, (2) freshwaterwetlands, which in- deciduous and/or broadleaf evergreen within the salt marsh ecosystem;shrub- dude swamps,marshes, impoundments, woodlands;managed mixed foresttypes: scrubedge of dredge-spofiareas; undevel- creeks,rivers, ponds, and lakes,and (3) early successionalstages following timber- opedproperty in suburbanareas with large saline wetlands, which include all brackish ing operations;some pine plantationsdur- lots; some suburbangardens with lush and salt marshes,mud and sand flats,brack- ingthe earlystages when hardwoods are not plantingsof nativevegetatmn, etc. (Howell ish and saline tidal creeks and rivers, and suppressed:upland edges of swampforests; 1932, Pearsonet al. 1942, Burleigh1958, shallowsounds and bays. Eastern birds use vegetatededges of creeksand rivers; shrub- Sprum and Chamberlain1970, Cox 1996, partsof freshwaterand salineweftands ad- scrubedges; hedgerows; overgrown agricul- kowtheret al. 1999, Sykesand Holzman, joiningupland habitats for foraging.Table 6
NORTH aMERICAN BIRDS Tennessee NorthCarolia
South Carolina
eColumbia
©Atlanta •lyrtleBeach •Augusta eMac.on•_• ¾ • •Charleston
Alabama
•L_•L• .•avannah Atlantic Ocean Georgia- •Brunawlck
Florida eJacksonvllle
ßGainesville
Beach
Gulf of Mexico
Figure2. Thebreeding range of the eastern population ofPainted Bunting inthe southeastern United States. Black arrowspoint to isolated small breeding sites at Arnericus, Sumter County, GA, and Apalachicola, Franklin County, FL.
listsall BBSroutes within the range.The ta- tously(Sykes, pets. obs.), the exact reverse of lineatedfor the easternpopulation in North blescross-reference with themaps and pres- thesituation with Indigo Bunting (P. cyanea) Carolina is 1288 km -•or 2.4% of the total area ent additional information. in these areas. It should be noted that none for that population.The breedingrange ex- of the BBSroutes (N=38; Table 6) are located tends[rom the vicinity of CapeLookout and RESULTS withinthat part of therange with thehighest MoreheadCity southwestward along the im- Thebreeding range of theeastern population densitieso[ PaintedBuntings. mediatecoast to SouthCarolina (Figures 3 of PaintedBunting is shown in Figures1 and The selectedpublic lands listed are pri- and 4) (Pearsonet aL 1959, Potter et al. 2, and in more detail for each of the four marily stateand federalproperties; a few 1980; John O. Fussell,John Gerwin, and statesin Figures3 through10. In NorthCar- countyand city areas are also included. The JamesE Parnell,pers. comm.). It is foundal- olina and Florida, the birds are mainly list for eachstate is by no meanscomplete, mostexclusively in areaswithin the tidalin- coastal,while in SouthCarolina and Georgia, but we haveselected what we judgedto be fluencein five coastalcounties: Carteret, On- theyextend well inland. The western limit of the mostimportant [or PaintedBunting. A slow,Pender, New Hanover,and Brunswick. therange in manyplaces is somewhatprob- few of theseareas may havelittle use by Extralimitalreports (not shownon maps) lematic,in thatdata are too incomplete to be buntingsat anygiven time, depending upon during the breedingseason include con- precise.Also, buntings are not evenly distrib- landuse and typeof habitats,and the dura- firmed breedingat Washington,Beaufort utedacross the landscape but arehabitat de- tion such habitats are available. County,1-10 June 1970 (Potter et al. 1980) pendent.For discussionof habitats,refer to Thetotal acreages given for public-owned andat least19 reportsof unconfirmedbreed- Lowtheret al. (1999).The greatest densities landsare relatively accurate, but theaccura- ing in the followingcounties: Beaufort, are on the barrier islands,the islandswithin cy of the threebreakdown categories of (1) Carteret (Cedar Is.), Cumberland (2 re- the estuarinesystems, and in suitablehabi- upland, (2) freshwaterwetlands, and (3) ports),Dare (6), Edgecombe,Gates, Pamlico tats on the immediatemainland adjoining saline wedandsare variable,some being (2), Onslow(2, bothat Richlands),Stanly, thesahne and brackish areas (Sykes, unpubL quiteaccurate, while in othercases the fig- and Wake (2) (Pearsonet al. 1959, Potter et data). Awayfrom the immediatecoast, the ures shownare simplybest estimatesof al. 1980;RickyJ. Davis, pers. comm.). distributionof PaintedBuntings becomes thosemost familiar with thegiven areas. Seventeenselected public-owned properties patchyand the densitiesdecrease precipi- NorthCarolina. The breeding range as de- areshown in Figure3 andlisted in Table2, out
VOLUME 59 (2005) NUMBER I 7 Jacksonville
B Pender
Atlantic Ocean Columbus 1 RachelCarson Ecological Preserve 2 Fort Macon SP 3 Theodore Roosevelt State Nat. Area 4 U.S. MilitaryReservation, Bogue Airfield 5 Hammocks Beach SP
Brunswick 6 MarineCorps Base, Camp LeJeune 7 Masonborn Island CR 8 Caroline Beach SP 9 Brunswick Town HS 10 MilitaryOcean Terminal,Sunny Pt 11 Ft. Fisher SHS 12 Ft. Fisher SRA Fear 13 Zekes Island CR 14 Bald Head Island, SNA 15 Bald Head Island CR 16 BatteryIsland 17 Bird Island CR
Figure3 Thebreeding range of Painted Bunting inNorth Carolina with selected public lands within the range.
BBS 6331 7
Core Banks Sh•ack•!oeLookout rdBank-• ] OnslowIsland Bogue BanksI
Atlantic Ocean
FollyIsland
Figure4 Thebreeding range of Painted Bunting inNorth Carolina with the major rivers, barrier islands, and BBS routes within the range.
NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS Table3. Selectedlands in public ownership within the breeding range of the eastern population ofPainted Bunting inSouth Carolina. Site numbers correspund tonumbers onstate map (Figure 5).
SITE SIZE(acres) FRESHWATERSALINE NO. AGENCY COUNTY NAM[ TOTAL UPLAND WETLANDSWElLANDS FlaSHWATERSALINE NO. AGENCY COUNTY •ME TOIAL UPLAND WETLANDSWETLANDS 28 DOD, Beaufort Marr•eCorps AS 6850 5930 651 269 USMC Beaufort 1 SCSPS A•ken AikenSP 1067 796 271 0 29 DOI,FWS Beaufort, ACEBasin NWR 11,707 3,767 3981 3959 2 SCSPS Aiken Reddiffe 369 365 4 0 Charleston, Plar•ationSP & Colleton
3 DOE,AEC Aiken& Savannah 198,552 148,903 49,649 0 30 SCSPS Horry MyrtleBeach 5P 312 307 S 0 Barnwell 8iverSite 1 31 SCDOT & GeorgetownSandy Is.WMA 9164 4000 5164 0 4 SCSPS Barnwell BarnwellSP 307 257 50 0 TheNature Cooservancy 5 DOI,NPS Richland Congame 22,200 2,200 20,000 0 SwampNP 32 SCSP5 GeorgetownHuntington 2500 1350 90 1060 BeachSP 6 5CSPS Sumter Poinsett5P 1000 853 147 0 33 SCDN8 GeDrgetownSamworth WMA IS8• 301 936 351 7 SCSFS Sumter ManchesterSF 24,789 19,044 5745 0 34 SCDN8 GeorgetownTomYawkey 18,545 S825 100 12,620 8 DOD,USA Sumter PoinsettElectronic12,500 7,917 4583 0 WC&HP Combat8ange 35 SCDNR GeorgetownSanteeDelta 1792 35 1515 242 9 SCDNR Clarendon HickoryTopWMA2 (1836)1 0 WMA
10 SCSPS OrangeburgSantee 5P 2495 2165 330 0 36 SCDNR Charleston SanteeCoastal 19,368 6166 1300 11,902
11 SCDNR OrangeburgSantee Cooper (3274)1 0 37 DOI,FWS Charleston Cape8omain 64,229 2427 701 61,101 NWR 12 DOI,FWS Clarendon SanteeNW8 15,095 14,195 900 0 38 5CDN8 Charleston CapersIs.HP 2000 875 0 1125 13 Santee Clarendon SanteeCoopor 32,000 23,500 8500 0 Cooper &Berkeley Traet• 39 SCDN8 Charleston Ft.Lamar HP 14 14 0 0 LakesPA 40 Cityof CharlestonJames Is.CP 648 292 36 320 14 SCSPS Barnberg RiversBridge SP 390 360 30 0 Charleston
15 SCSPS Dorchester& ColletonSP 35 30 5 0 41 DOI,FWS Charleston BoarsBluff Natl 35 30 S 0 Colleton FishHatchery
16 SCSP5 Dorchester& GivhansSP 1022 480 542 0 42 SCSPS Charlesten EdistoBoach SP 1255 834 23 398 Colleton 43 5CDN8 Colleton& 5t.Helena 72,050 6050 0 66,000 17 DOA,FS Berkeley& FrancisMarion NF 253,941 175,192 76,249 2,500 Beaufort SoundHP 3 Charleston 44 SCSPS Beaufort HuntingIs.SP 5000 1250 30 3720 18 SCSFS Williams- WeeTee SF 12,439 939 11,S00 0 burg& 45 SCON8 Beaufort OldIs. HP 1500 450 0 1050 Georgetown 46 DOD, Beaufort MarineCorps 8047 3264 10 4773 19 SCSPS Hampton LakeWarren SP 430 330 100 0 USMC Recruitment Depot,Paris Is. 20 SCDN8 Hampton J.W.WebbWC 5866 3366 2500 0 & WMA 47 SCDNR Beaufort DawsIs. HP 1866 200 0 1666
21 SCDN8 Hampton PalachucolaWMA 6757 4187 2570 0 48 SCDNR Beaufort VictoriaBluff HP 1111 1111 0 0 &Jasper 49 DOI,FWS Beaufort HnckneyNW8 4073 1333 40 2700 22 SCDN8 Colleton DonnellyWMA 8048 S700 2044 304 50 SCDN8 Beaufort GreensShell 7 7 0 0 23 SCSP5 Dorchester Colonial 325 156 154 15 EnclosureHP 4 DorchesterHS 51 SCDNR Jasper FortieIs. WMA 1700 100 0 1600 24 SCDNR Colleton BearIs. WMA 12,055 1627 5543 48•5 52 GADOT Jasper SavannahRiver 10,674 5974 0 4700 25 DOD, Charleston CharlestonAir 3,733 3,379 0 354 Dredge-Spoil USAF ForceBase Area
26 DOD,USN Berkeley NavaIWeapons 16,307 12,957 1994 1356 53 DOI,FWS Jasper(5C) SavannahNW8 28,168 2578 25,590 0 Station, & Chatham Charleston (GA)
27 SCDNR Jasper TillmanSand 963 •63 0 0 TOTAL Acres 906,888 484,331 233,587 188,970 RidgeHP Hectares 367,027 196,014 94,535 76,478
1CrackerneckW•AA(10,470a) isa part of the Savannah RiverSite and is included inthat site acreage. 3SLHelena 5ound WMA isa part of St. Helena Sound Heritage Preserve andis included inacreage fo•that preserve 2SanteeCooper Tract includes theOld Santee Canal (formerly aSP), and the Hickory TopWMA (Clarendon Co.; 4InGreens Shell Endesme HP(Native American •Aidden Site), 4a belonging to8eaufort Co.are include• with the 1836a),and the Santee Cooper WMA (Orangeburg Co.;3274a) are leased bySC MR from the Santee Cooper PA. 3a ofthe state. Thesetwo W•AA are managed bySC DNR and a3e included inthe acreage listed under the Santee Cooper Tract.
VOLUME 59 (2005) . NUMBER 1 9 ofa totalof 43 listedby the North Carolina De- Table4. Selectedlands in public ownership within the breeding range of the eastern popul•ion of the Painted partmentof Environmentaland NaturalRe- Buntingin 6eorgia.Site numbers correspond tonumbers on state map (Figure 7). sources,Division of Parks and Recreation, SITE SIZE(acres) Natural HeritageProgram, Managed Areas (GIS layer).The totalacreage for all public FI•ESHWATER SALINE landswithin the range as delineated for North NO. AGENCY COUNTY NAME TOTAL UpI_AND WETLANDS WETLANDS Carolinais 110,983 a (44,915 ha), much of whichis not habitat for Painted Buntings. Sev- 1 GADNR Tattnall BigHammock Natural Area 6049 2592 3457 0 en BBSroutes are locatedin or partlyin the 2 DOD,USA Bryan,Evans, Ft.Stewart 279,000 189,000 90,000 0 rangein thestate (Figure 4 andTable 6). Liberty,& Long SouthCarolina. The breedingrange as de- lineatedfor the easternpopulation in South 3 DOI,NPS Chatham FLPulaski NM 5623 270 0 5353 Carolina is 27,394 km-' or 50.4% of the total areafor thatpopulation. The breedingrange 4 DOI,FWS Chatham TybeeNWR 100 80 0 20 in thestate spans the entire coast and extends S DOD,USA Chatham HunterArmy Air Field 5457 3993 639 825 inlandinto the UpperCoastal Plain to Co- lumbia,to includemost of AikenCounty, and 6 GADNR, PRHSD Chatham LittleTybeeIs. 6505 5905 0 600 partsof thecounnes of Lexington,Richland, Sumter,Clarendon, and Williamsburg(Fig- 7 GADNR, PRHSD Chatham WormsloeHS 1233 1233 0 0 ures5 and6) (Spruntand Chamberlain 1970. LeGrand 1980, Post and Gauthreaux 1989, 8 GADNR, PRHSD Chatham CabbageIs. 1216 0 0 1216 SC BBA;John E. Cely, Lex Glover, pets. 9 GADNR, PRHSD Chatham Skidawayis.SP S06 506 0 0 comm.).Breeding has beenrecorded in 22 counties.Away from the coast,the birdsare 10 DOI,FWS Chatham WassawNWR 10,053 2400 200 7453 very localized,and thereare largeareas in which none are found. Also, there are ex- 11 GADNR,PRHSD Bryan Ft.McAIIJster/ 1725 1725 0 0 RichmondHill SHP tralimitalrecords (not shown on the maps) of confirmedbreeding: near Lugoff,Kershaw 12 GADNR, WRD Bryan Ossabawls.HP 22,405 7889 2653 11,863 County,21 July and 19 August1990 (MeNair andPost 1993, Lex Glover, pets. comm.) and 13 GADNR, WRD Bryan RichmondHiliWMA 22,329 5860 3066 13,403 nearRuby, Chesterfield County, 21 July 1991 (SCBBA; Lex Glover, pets. comm.). Possible 14 GADNR, PRHSD LJberty Ft.Morris HS 66 66 0 0 breedinghas been documented: east of Tren- 1S DOI,FWS Mdntosh HarrisNeck NWR 2824 1368 159 1297 ton, EdgefieldCounty, 16 May 1998 (Lex Glover,pers. comm.); west of Bennettsville, 16 DOI,FWS Mdntosh BlackbeardIs.NWR 5618 2455 1163 2000 MarlboroCounty, 12 June 1999 (SC BBA; Lex Glover,pets. comm.);near Camden,1986 17 DOD Mcintosh TownsendRange 5400 4057 1343 0 and 1987 (MeNair and Post 1993); and near 18 GADNR, WRD Mcintosh SapdoIs. WMA 16,651 8880 2293 5478 Lugoff21 July 1991,21 April 1996, 13 Au- gust1998, and 19 August1999 (Lex Glover, 19 GADNR,PRHSD Mcintosh FLKJngGeorgeHS 22 22 0 0 pets.comm.), all KershawCounty; at Jeffer- son,Chesterfield County, 31 July1976 (Post 20 GADNR, WRD Mcintosh AltamahaWaMA • 27,783 1529 18,426 7828 and Gauthreaux 1989): southeast of Maysville,Sumter County,30 April 1991 21 DOI,FWS Mcintosh WolfeIs. NWR 5126 500 0 4626 (Lex Glover,pers. comm.);and Florence, 22 GADNR, Glynn HofwyI-Bradfield 1268 1268 0 0 FlorenceCoumy, 26 June1947 (Sprunt and PRHSD PlantationHS Chamberlain1970). Fifty-threeselected public lands within 23 DOD,NPS Glynn FLFrederica NM 230 130 0 100 the breedingrange are shownin Figure 5 and listed in Table 3, out of a total of 331 24 GADOT Glynn AndrewsIs. 920 800 0 120 listedby the SouthCarolina Department of 25 GADNR, Glynn JekyllIs 5700 4375 25 1300 Natural Resources,South Carolina Gap JekyllIs. AnalysisProgram, Stewardship GIS Layer. Authority The totalacreage for all publiclands within therange as delineated for SouthCarolina is :•6 DOD,NPS Camden CumberlandIs.NS 33,154 13,580 2724 16,850 1,198,270 a (484,940 ha), much of which is 27 GADNR,PRHSD Camden CrookedRiver SP 500 9)0 0 0 not habitatfor PaintedBuntings. There are 14 BBSroutes located in or partly in the 28 DOD,USN Camden NavalSubmarine 16.168 12,168 1000 3000 rangein the state(Figure 6 andTable 6). SupportBase, Kings Ray Georgia.The breeding range as delineated for the easternpopulation in Georgiais TOTAL /•cres 483,631 273,151 127,148 83,332 19,369 km• or 35.6ø/0of the total areafor that Hectares 195,730 110,547 51,458 33,72S population The breedingrange extends 'IncludesLewis Island Natural Area. along the entire coastand inland to the countiesof Columbia,Richmond, Jefferson,
10 NOI•TH AM EI•ICA N BlinDS •Greenw• •ew•y Ma.o. NorthrolJna
Ocean • H•n9Isl•d SP
51 47D•s Isla• HP
Figure5. The breeding range of Painted Bunting inSouth Carolina with selected public lands within the range.
Marion North • •' Carolina Sumer • BBS80056 Edgefie•BBS80008 " - BBS80007 BBS 8005 7 •jrtle Beach
BBS80055 Bamben:j BBS80101 / Barnwell ! /Dor•hest&
•
amptor• ..*' BBS80059 Jaspe/-'
BBS 8O003
Atlantic Ocean
Figure6. The breeding range of Painted Bunting inSouth Carolina with the major rivers, barrier islands, and BBS routes within the range.
VOLUME 59 (2005) NUMBER I 11 June and 1 July 2002 (Figure 2; Phil Hardy, MORGAN Clive Rainey,and Bob COLUMBIA Norris,fide ToddSchnei- der. pers. comm.). This
PUTNAM RICHMDND was precededthere by HANCOCK South Carolina possiblebreeding in late June 1976 (Norris 1976). There is unconfirmed BALDWIN BURKE breedingat the following JONES WASHINGTON localities: Marietta and Vinings,Cobb County, 24 and 29 April 1997, re- BIB• IMLKINSON spectively(Oriole 62: 50);
•TWIGGS JOHNSON CowetaCounty, 4 August EMANUEL 1956 (McKay1956); La- Grange,Troup County, 1 Dublin BULLOCH May 1994(Waters 1994); Columbus, Muscogee LAURENS County,14-15 April 1969 (Wells 1973); near Shell- MONTGOMERY [•_ man,northeastern Ran- " dolph County, 1 July 1999 (Oriole 64: 72); Fitzgerald, Ben Hill IMLCOX County,29 April 1940 and 2 June 1994 (Norris CHFrHA• 8 1940; Oriole 59: 112); JEFF DA V•S APPLING EarlyCounty, 22 Febru- ary-March 2001 (Oriole 66: 65); near Cecil, 1 Big Hammock Natural Area 2 R. Stewart southernCook County, 6 3 Fort Pulaski NM June 1997 (GA BBA);and 4 Tybee NWR near Pavo, northeastern 5 Hunter Army Air Field ThomasCounty, 7 June 6 LittleTybee Island 7 Worrns•oe HS 1997 (GA BBA). 8 Cabbage Island Twenty-eightselected 9 Skidaway Island SP public landswithin the 10 Wassaw NWR 11 Ft. McAllister / Richmond Hill SHP breedingrange are shown 12 Ossahaw Island HP in Figure7 andlisted in 13 Richmond Hill WMA Table 4, out of a total of 14 Ft. Mon'is HS CHARLTON 15 Hah'is Neck NWR 41 listedby theUniversi- 16 Blackbeard Island NWR ty of Georgia,Institute of 17 TownsendBombing Range Ecology, Natural Re- 18 Sapelo Island WMA rys sourcesSpatial Analysis 19 Fort King Geo•Je HS 20 Altamare Watedowl ManagementArea Laboratory(NARSAL), 21 Wolf Island NWR ConservationLands (GIS 22 Hofwyl-BroadfieldPlantation HS Atlantic layer). The total acreage 23 Fort Frederica NM 24 Andrews Island Ocean [or all publiclands with- 25 Jekyll Island in therange as delineated 26 Cumberland Island National Seashore for Georgiais 245,793 a 27 Crooked River SP (99,472 ha), much of 28 Naval SubmarineSupport Base, KingsBay Florida which is not habitat for PaintedBuntings. There Figure7. The breeding range of Painted Bunting inGeorgia with selected public lands within the range. are 13 BBS routes located in or partly within the Washington,Jenkins, Bulloch, Evans, and Thereis an oldbreeding record (nest with rangein thestate (Figure 8 andTable 6). Tattnall,and along the river corridorsto eggs)at Eatonton,Putnam County, 12 May Florida.The breedingrange as delineated Dublin(Laurens County) and Macon(Bibb 1888,the only Piedmont nesting record (Mc- for the easternpopulation in Floridais 6302 County)(Figures 7 and 8) (Burleigh1958, Nair 1991),and a malewas reported there km• or 11.6%of thetotal area for thatpopu- GOSCRC2003, GA BBA;Girl Beaton,peps. 20-29 April 1974 (Denton and Newsom lauon.The breeding range is confinedto the corn]n_).Breeding has been recorded in 20 1974).Extralimital birds during the breeding northeastcoast, from the stateline south to countiesand prohablyoccurs in at least18 season are from the western and southwest- Cape Canaveral,to includethe following others.As in SouthCarolina, buntings away ernparts of thestate, with confirmedbreed- eight counties:Nassau, Duval, Clay, St. fromthe coast in Georgiaare very localized. ing at Amencus,central Sumter County 23 Johns,Putnam, Flagler, Volusia, and the
12 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS northernpart of Brevard(Figures 9 and 10) Table5. Selected lands in public ownership within the breeding range of the eastern population ofPainted Bunting (Kale et al. 1992, Robertsonand Woolfend- in Florida.Site numbers correspond to numbers on state map (Figure 9). en 1992, Stevensonand Anderson 1994). Ihere is alsoa breedingsite (Figure2) on SITE SIZE(acres) the northern Gulf Coast at Apalachicola, FRESHWATERSALIHE Franklin County (a femalefeeding two NO. AGE•Y COUNTY NAME TOTAL UPLAHD WETLAHDSWETLAHDS young),29 July 1966 (Ogden and Chapman 1907);a juvenilewas collected there 3 Au- 1 FloridaDEP, DRP Nassau Ft.Clinch SP 2002 1302 0 700 gust1966 (TTRS#29973; Stevenson and 2 goD,USN Duval NavalFISC 150 130 15 5 Anderson1994). This breedingsite is still active (Kale et al. 1992; Richard L. West, 3 gOD,USJ•C Duval UarineCorps RTC, 110 27 33 50 pers.comm.). Breeding has never been doc- Jacksonville umentedon thewest coast of thepeninsula, and neither Howell (1932) nor Sprunt 4 goI,NPS Duval TimucuanEHP 1 8306 2160 237 5909 (1)Black Hammock Is. 753 737 16 0 (1954) madespecific reference to Florida (2)Kingsley PlantalTon 52 52 0 0 nestsin thatpart of thestate (Stevenson and (3)Ft. Caroline NMe 109 95 1 13 Anderson1992). Away from the immediate (4)Spanish Pond 31 21 10 0 coast,the buntingstend to be localized. (5)Rebault NJ• 5 5 0 0 (6)Theodore Roosevelt 547 361 5 181 Breedinghas been suspected across much of Preserve northern Florida from Orlando north and (7)Thomas Creek 740 415 205 120 west to Pensacola,based primarily on re- (8)Island Group 6069 474 0 5595 portssince the 1960sof persistentsinging (dispersedparcels) malesin springand summer(Taylor et al. 5 FloridaDEP, DRP Duval TalbotIs(s) State Parks a 8230 8138 0 92 1989). Breedingis suspected,but definite (1)Big Talbot Is. 1709 1671 0 38 evidenceis lacking,in the countiesof Santa (2)Ft. George Is.SP 622 612 0 10 Rosa,Bay, Liberty, Wakulla, Leon, Alachua, (3)George Crady Br. SP 2 2 0 0 Marion,Orange, and Seminole (Taylor et al. (4)Little Talbot Is. SP 1768 1724 0 44 3896 3896 0 0 1989, Robertsonand Woolfenden 1992, (5)Pumpkin HillCreek SP (6)Yellow Bluff SP 2 2 0 0 Kale et al. 1992, Stevensonand Anderson Nassau (7)Amelia Is. SP 231 231 0 0 1994; Bruce H. Anderson, Karl E. Miller, pers.comm.). These numerous extrahmital 6 Cityof Jackson- Duval HuguenotJ•emorial CP 449 444 0 5 reportsare not shownon themaps ville,DPRE •[wenty-oneselected punic landswithin 7 goD,USN Duval NavalSta., Uayport 3349 1548 51 1750 the breedingrange are shownin Figure9 and listedin Table5, out of a total of 94 list- 8 goD,USN Duval NavalAir Sta., Jacksonville 3816 3168 648 0 ed by the FloridaNatural AreasInventory, 9 FloridaDEP, DBP St.Johns GuanaTolomato Uatanzas 2478 1615 22 841 FloridaManaged Areas (GIS layer).The to- NEAR(Guana Riv. SP) tal acreage[or all punic landswithin the rangeas delineated for Floridais 320,917a 10 FloridaDER DRP St Johns Ft.Mose Historic SP 42 15 2 25 (132,303 ha), much of which is nol habital for PaintedBuntings. •[here are only four 11 FloridaDEP, DRP St.Johns AnastasiaSP 1609 1104 0 505 BBSroutes in or partlyin the rangeof the 12 FloridaDER DRP St.Johns Faver-DykesSP 5900 4560 1113 227 buntingin Florida(Figure 10 andIable 6). 13 FloridaDEP, DRP Flagler WashingtonOaksGardens SP 424 411 1 12 DISCUSSION The easternpopulation of PaintedBunting 14 FloridaDEP, DRP Flagler GambleRodgers J•emorial SP 111 88 0 23 breedsin partsof foursoutheastern Atlantic 15 FloridaDEP, DRP Flagler BulowPlantation Ruins SP 151 150 1 0 coastalstates, whfie the westernpopulation breedsin all or parts of 11 south-central 16 FloridaDEP, DRP VolusJa BulowCreek SP 5119 3687 0 1432 statesand parts of [ourstates in northeastern 17 FloridaDEP, DRP Volusia NorthPeninsula SP 527 457 0 70 Mexico. •[he combinedrange of the two populationsis 1.405,608km-'. The rangeof 18 FloridaDEP, DRP Volusia TomokaSP 1610 1488 0 122 theeastern population is relativelysmall, be- ingabout 3.9% of thatof the totalrange of 19 goI,NPS Brevard& CanaveralNS 60,089 1S,190 1872 43,027 VolusJa bothpopulations and 4.0% of the western population(approximately 54,352 km" ver- 20 goI,FWS & Brevard J•erritIs. NWR & 141,000 44,622 22,378 74,000 sus 1,351,256km 2 as we havedelineated the NASA J.F.Kennedy Space Center tworanges; Figure l). Thislimited distribu- tion, hencesmaller population, makes the 21 gOD,USAF Brevard CapeCanaveral AFB 15,804 13,992 1308 504 eastern birds more vulnerable than their TOTAL Acres 261,276 104,296 27,681 129,299 westerncounterparts to habitatlosses and Hectares 10S,738 42,209 11,202 52,327 modification,as well as other negativeim- pacts both natural and anthropogenic. 1Withintheboundary ofthe Iirnucuan Preserve, there are state and federal lands, but only NP5 lands are included atlocality number Therefore, we recommend that measuresbe 2,and the state lands are treated atother localities inthis table The Tirnucuan Preserve iscomposed of8+ separateland parcels. taken to insure that adequatehabitat is 2TheTalbot Islands State Parks consist ofseven separate parcels.
VOLUME 59 (2005) - NUMBER 1 13 the four states. With the use of widely available Global PositioningSys- tem (GPS) units, the rangecould easily be plot- tedaccurately and entered into anyof the computer mappingprograms. The growing popularity amongbirders of "county listing"is perfectlysuited to such a project.This would alsomake a good researchproject for a graduate student in a Master of Sciencepro- gram.State agencies, the AmericanBirding Associ- ation, Audubonsocretres, bird clubs, or state or- nithological societies mightconsider organizing such a "citizen science" effort, perhapsthrough eBird(www. ebird.org). The low number of BBS routes (N=38) within the rangeof theeastern popu- lation(Table 6) mightbe explainedby the design limitations associated with coverageat the con- tinental scale, the ran- domization of starting points, lack of available routes long enough on barrier islands and the immediate coastal areas, waterbarriers, and heavy developmentin coastal areasand resultingvehi- cle traffic. In the case of the eastern Painted Buntingpopulation, the fact that the number of BBS routes is small (and none are in the areas of greatestbunting abun- dance)suggest that the current BBS routes may havelitfie or no bearing on populationtrends due to uneven and biased Figure8. The breeding range of Painted Bunting inGeorgia with the major rivers, barrier islands, and BBS routes within the range. samplingin the south- eastern United States. Per- maintainedwithin the four-statearea, nega- theymight belong. There are probably other hapsa modificationof the BBSroutes tai- tivefactors impacting the population be in- suchsmall groups as yet undiscoveredwith- lored to monitor PaintedBuntings (for vestigatedand countered,and the popula- in thegap between the twopopulations. example,15 to 25 stopsrather than 50), tion be monitored. The rangemaps are considered "works in could be instituted within the southeastern Forthe small disjunct pockets of buntings progress,"asmuch refinement is needed. We rangeapart from the establishedBBS routes. at Americus,Sumter County, Georgia, and challengethe birdingand ornithologrcal In the future,public-owned lands within Apalachicola,Franklin County, Florida (Fig- communitiesto refinefurther the breeding the rangeof the easternpopulation of Paint- ures I and 2), we have assumed these birds rangeof the easternpopulation of Painted ed Buntingwill providethe principal refugia areof theeastern population, but there is no Buntingby determiningthe inland (west- asrapid coastal development continues in the definrtiveevidence as to whichpopulation ern) limitsof nestingin eachcounty within areasof greatestdensrty of thebirds. We fore-
14 NORTH AUERICAN BIRDS seeno abatementin theintense development Table6. BreedingBird Survey (BBS) routes within breeding range of the eastern population ofPainted Bunting. in thesecoastal areas. The demandfor per- mancnt and vacation homes,motel and ho- STATUS tels,shopping centers, outdoor recreation, STATE BBSNUMBER 1 BBSNAME COUNI•' ACTIVE DISCONrlNUED and other services on or ncar the ocean con- tinues to grow as the human population grows.Much of thecoastline within the range NorthCarolina 63001 Shallotte Brunswick of the buntingin the Southeastis currend) iN:7) 63002 Merrimon Carteret developed,and the remainingundeveloped 63003 MyrtleGrove NewHanover areasare fast disappearing to meetincreasing demand.Georgia has lessthan 10% of its 63101 Supply Brunswick coastdeveloped (only four of the 16 or so 63202 Newport Craven&Carterel barrier islands are connected to the mainland 63317 Belgrade Onslow by roads)in the four-statearea within the buntings'breeding range, while the other 63903 BroadCreek Carterel threestates have approximately 75•0% of
theircoasts intensely developed. In the case SouthCarolina 80001 JohnsIs. Charleston of Georgia,most of the barrierislands are ownedby' federal and state agencies, plus one (N=14) 80002 Jameslown Berkeley privatetrust (St. Catherines Island) and sev- 80003 Hardeeville Jasper eral privatefamily-controlled •slands, all of 80005 HollyHill Orangeburg which are either mandated or have chosen to keepthe islands in or neartheir natural state, 80007 Foreston Clarendon resultingin considerableacreage of high- 80008 NewHolland Aiken qualityhabitat for PaintedBuntings. 80009 Wagenet Aiken,Barnberg, & Barnwell Acknowledgments 80013 Waitethoro Colleton We thankall thosewho providedassistance 80055 Olaf Barnberg&Barnwell
in preparationof thispaper. In particular,we 80056 Pineland Sumter wish to acknowledgethe following:Walter George,Howard Horne, Greg D. Jackson, 80057 CarversBay Georgetown PaulE. Lehman,Mark Lockwood,Jerry R. 80058 Nixvdle Allendale&Hampton Oldenettei, Chuck Dire, Keith Pardieck, 80059 Dale Beaufort& Hampton Mark Robbins,Max Thompson,Richard L. West, and Sanor O. Williams Ill; North Car- 80101 AdamsRun Dorchester& Charleston olina:RickyJ. Davis, John Fussell, John Ger- win, Harry LeGrand,Carmen Lombardo, Georgia 27001 HameusBluff Camden JamesE Parnell,and Bill Rodgers;South Carolina:Buddy Baker, Harvey Belfer, Donny (N=13) 27003 Darien Mcintosh&Glynn Browning,Thomas Burst, Mike Caudell, 27005 Baxley Toorobs&TaCtnail John Cely;Sam Chappelear,Jamie Dozier, 27008 Everettcity Glynn Elisa Furse,ILex Glover, Bob Harrison, Dean Harrigal,Larry Harris, Julie Hensley; Bill Hui- 27011 Guyton Erringham&Chatham slander,BobJoyner, RonnieJune,John Kilgo, 27014 Hawkinsville Bleckley,Pulaski, &Dodge
SteveLohr, Kay McCutcheon, Mike McKen- 27034 Jacksonboro Screven zie,Matt Nespeca. Bob Perry, Irvin Pitts. Will Post,Willie Simmons,Jose Stephens, Tom 27035 Macon Bibb Swayngham,Lisa Walters,Kent Ware, and 27051 Wadley Jefferson&Washington RussWebb; Georgia: Gift Beaton, Tim Beatty; 27054 Dover Sereyen&Erringham John Breen, Thomas Burst, Chris Canalos, LarryCarlile, John Fry, Cliff Gawron, David 27056 Keller Bryan Griffin, Pat Metz, Todd Schneider,and Beth 27111 Pineora Effingham&Chalham Willis-Stevenson;and Florida:Shanna Ray 27156 Riceboro Long& Liberty Allen, Bruce Anderson,Richard Bryant, ThomasBurst, Michael Camardese, Roger Clark,Kristin Ebersol, Joni Ellis, Mark Ep- Florida 25018 SI.Augustine St.Johns stein, Don George,Linda Harrison, Alex (N=4) 25025 Scottsmore Brevard Kropp,Jim Lyon,Clif Maxwell,J. B. Miller, KarlE. Miller,Aaron Rodriguez, Rex Rowan, 25038 DoctorsInlet St.Johns John Stiner,Daniel Totaloha,Claudia Waldo, 25915 MenittIs. Brevard BobWamser, and Benny' Woodham. Thispaper has benefited from review and suggestionsof the following: Dean De- •Thefirst two digits designate thestate code; the remaining three digtts designate theroute number. marest, William C. Hunter, Cameron B. Ke- pler,and the Associate Editors of thisjour-
VOLUME 59 (2005) NUMBER 1 15 nal. Our thanksto BonnieKepler, who typedthe manuscript. Georgia titratur cited American Ornithologists' Union [AOU]. 1998. Check-listof North NASSAU American Birds, seventh edition. Atlantic AmericanOrnithologists' Union, Ocean Washington.D.C. Burleigh,T. D. 1958. GeorgiaBirds. Universtryof Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma. Cox, J. 1996. PaintedBunting. Pp. 644-661in: Rareand Endangered Biota of Florida (R. E. Ashton, UNION ed.), revisededition. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, CLAY Florida. Denton, J. E, and E. E Newsom. 1974.Painted Bunting breeding in Jeffersonand Washingtoncoun- Gainesville PUTNAM ties,Georgia. Oriole 39: 43-44. '•ALACHUA . Georgia Ornithological Society Checklist and Records Committee [GOSCRC]. 2003. Annotated
Checklistof GeorgiaBirds, fifth MARLON edition. Occasional Publication No. 14. GeorgiaOrnithological Society Howell,A. H. 1932.Florida Bird Life. Coward-McCannInc., New York, New York. Howell, S. N. G., and S. Webb. 1995. LAKE I Fort Clinch SP A Guideto theBirds of Mexicoand 2 Naval FISC northern Central America. Oxford 3 ManneCorps RTC, Jacksonwile 4 11rnucuan EHP UniversityPress, Oxford. Eng- 5 Talbot Island Stata Parks land. 6 HuguenotMemorial CP 7 NavalStation. Meyport Hunter, W. C., M. E Carter, D. N. 8 Naval Air Station, Jackson. lie Pashley,and K. Barker.1993a. The 9 Guana Tolornalo Matanzas NERR 10 Fort Mose Hisloric SP ORANGE tCape Partnersin Flightspecies prioriti- 11 Anastasm SP Canaver• zation scheme.Pp. 109-119 in: 12 Faver-DykesSP 13 WashingtonOaks Gardens SP Finch, D. M., and P W. Slangel 14 GambleRodgers Memorial SP (eds.).Status and Managementof 15 Bulow Plantation Ruins SP OSCEOLA 16 Bulow Creek SP NeotropicalMigratory Birds, 1992 17 North Peninsula SP Sept. 21-25, Estes Park, Col- 18 Tornoka SP orado.Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-229. 19 Canaveral NS 20 MerrillIsland NWR & JFK Space Cenler U.S. Departmentof Agriculture, ForestService, Rocky Mountain Forestand RangeExpansion Sta- 21Cape CanaveralAI:t3 tion, Fort Collins, Colorado. Figure9. The breeding range of Painted Bunling inFlorida with selected public lands within the range. Hunter,W C., D. N. Pashley,R. E. F Escano,and E. E Ronald.1993b. Neotrop- Report.Florida Game and FreshWater rina ciris).In: TheBirds of NorthAmerica, ical migratorylandbird species and their Fish Commission[now: Florida Fish and No. 398. A. Poole and E Gill, eds. The habitatsof specialconcern within the Wildlife ConservationCommisston], Tal- Birds of North America, Inc., Philadel- Southeastregion. Pp. 159-169in: Finch, lahassee, Florida. Available on-line at: phia,Pennsylvania. D. M., and P W. Stangel(eds.). Status and
16 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS Dunn, J. L., chief consultant.2002. A Field referenceto winteringpopulations. Occa- lopatric populations. Condor 93: Guideto theBirds of North America, fourth sionalPapers, Museum of Zoology,Uni- 987-1000. edition. National GeographicSociety, versityMichigan 532: 1-12. --. 1991b The sequenceof moltsand Washington,D.C. Taylor,W. K., B. H. Anderson,and H. M. plumagesin PaintedBuntings and impli- Norris,R. 1940.Spring notes from Fitzger- Stevenson.1989. Breeding range expan- cationsfor theoriesof delayedplumage ald region.Oriole 5: 15-17. sion of the Indigo Bunting, Painted maturation. Condor 93: 209-235. Norris, R. A. 1976. PaintedBuntings in Bunting,and Blue Grosbeakin Florida Waters,A. 1994.Painted Bunting seen in the Americusin lateJune. Oriole 41: 41. with new recordsfrom Seminole County western Piedmont. Oriole 59: 103. Ogden,J. C., andE L Chapman.1967. Florida Field Naturalist 17: 1-10. Wells,L A. 1973. Migrationextremes and tralimitalbreeding of PaintedBuntings in Thompson,C. W. 1991a. Is the Painted abundancesof Columbus,Georgia birds. Florida. Wilson Bulletin 79: 347. Buntingactually two species?Problems ColumbusAudubon Society Special Pub- Pearson,T. G., C. S. Brimley,and H. H. Brim- determiningspecies limits betweenal- licationNo. 1. • ley. 1942. [1959 revisionby D. L. Wray and H. T. Davis]. North Carolina De- partmentof Agriculture,State Museum, Raleigh,North Carolina. Georgia Peterson,R. T., and V. M. Peterson.2002. A FieldGuide to the Birds of Eastern and Cen- tral North America, fifth edition. NASSAU St.Marys HoughtonMifflin, Boston, Massachusetts. River Post,W, and S. A. Gauthreaux,Jr. 1989. Statusand Distribution of SouthCarolina At]antic Birds. The Charleston Museum Ornitho- Ocean logicalContribution No. 18. •AKER Potter,E. E,J. E Parnell,and R. P Teulings. ß 1980. Birdsof the Carolinas.University of North CarolinaPress, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Rich,L D., C.J. Beardmore,H. Berlanga,P ,BBS 25038 J. Blancher,M. S. W.. Bradstreet,G. S. Butcher,D. W. Demarest,E. H. Dunn, W.. C. Hunter, E. E. l•igo-Elias, J. A. Kennedy,A.M. Martell,A. O. PanjaN, D. N. Pashley,K. V..Rosenberg, C. M. Rustay,J. S.Wendt, and T. C. Will. 2004. PUTNAM Partnersin FlightNorth American Land- Nrd Conservation Plan. Cornell Lab of Ornithology,Ithaca, New York. FLAGLE• Robertson,W B., Jr., and G. E. Woolfend- en. 1992.Florida Bird Species: an anno- MARLON tated list. SpecialPublication No. 6, Florida Ornithological Society, Gainesville, Florida. S•bley,C. G., andB. L. Monroe,Jr.1993. A Supplementto Distribution and Taxonomy of Birdsof the World.Yale University LAKE Press, New Haven, Connecticut. BB$25915 Sibley,D. A. 2000. The SibleyGuide to Birds.Alfred A. Knopf,New York,New York. Island Sprunt,A.,Jr. 1954. Florida Bird Life. Cow- •ndo' f• ard-McCann, Inc., New York, New Titusville York. •Cape Sprunt, A., Jr., and E. B. Chamberlain. Canaveral 1970.South Carolina Bird Life. Universi- ty of SouthCarolina Press, Columbia, South Carolina. OSCEOLA Stevenson,H. M., and B. H. Anderson. 1994. TheBirdlife of Florida.University Pressof Florida, Gainesville,Florida. Stokes,D., and L. Stokes.1996. TheStokes FieldGuide to Birds: eastern region. Little, Brown,and Co., Boston,Massachusetts. Storer,R. W 1951. Variationin the Painted Bunting(Passerina ciris), with special Figure10. The breeding range of Painted Bunting inFlorida with the major rivers, barrier islands, and BBS routes within the range.
VOLUME 59 (2005) NUMBER 1 17