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Côte D'ivoire at a Crossroads – Socio-Economic Development Implications of Crisis-Induced Returns to Burkina Faso, Ghana and Liberia

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Côte D'ivoire at a Crossroads – Socio-Economic Development Implications of Crisis-Induced Returns to Burkina Faso, Ghana and Liberia MIGRANTS IN COUNTRIES IN CRISIS Côte d’Ivoire Case Study Côte d’Ivoire at a Crossroads – Socio-economic Development Implications of Crisis-induced Returns to Burkina Faso, Ghana and Liberia Robtel Neajai Pailey, Leander Kandilige, James Suah Shilue & Mahamadou Zongo Project funded by the European Union Project implemented by ICMPD In partnership with IMI International Migration Institute IMI Migrants in Countries in Crisis (MICIC) Côte d’Ivoire Case Study: Côte d'Ivoire at a Crossroads – Socio-economic Development Implications of Crisis-induced Returns to Burkina Faso, Ghana and Liberia Robtel Neajai Pailey, International Migration Institute, University of Oxford Leander Kandilige, Centre for Migration Studies, University of Ghana James Suah Shilue, Platform for Dialogue and Peace and University of Liberia Mahamadou Zongo, Department of Sociology, University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso Prepared by the International Centre for Migration Policy Development, Vienna - Austria Commissioned and funded by the European Union, Brussels – Belgium International Centre for Migration Policy Development • 2017 i Authors Robtel Neajai Pailey is a Liberian academic, activist and author of the anti-corruption children's book, Gbagba. Her scholarly research and popular commentary on development, migration, citizenship, conflict and post-war recovery have been published in academic journals, edited book volumes, newspapers and magazines. Robtel currently serves as a Mo Ibrahim Foundation Leadership Fellow at the African Development Bank (AfDB) in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Leander Kandilige is a Lecturer in Migration Studies at the Centre for Migration Studies, University of Ghana. He is also a Visiting Lecturer at the University of Northampton and Research Associate at the Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford. He holds a DPhil (PhD) in Migration Studies from the School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford. In addition, he holds a MSt. in Forced Migration (University of Oxford); an MA in International Affairs (University of Ghana); a Postgraduate Certificate in Managing Voluntary Organisations (University of Southampton) and a BA (First Class Honours) in Political Science and Philosophy (University of Ghana). James Suah Shilue is the executive director of Platform for Dialogue and Peace (P4DP) in Liberia and has extensive experience in facilitation, partnership development and peace research. With Masters degrees in Social and Community Studies (De Montfort University, UK) and Development Studies (Institute of Social Studies, The Netherlands), he previously served as Liberia Programme Coordinator for Interpeace. Shilue currently lectures at the Department of Sociology at the University of Liberia and has been working on development, resilience, peace-building and conflict prevention, including land disputes and resolution, for more than 15 years. Mahamadou Zongo is a lecturer in Sociology at the University of Ouagadougou I Professor Joseph Ki Zerbo with research expertise in socio-economic integration. ii Acknowledgements This paper has been prepared based on the indispensable input of eight research assistants, who assisted the authors of this case study: Sophie T’Kint; Diana Assuman, Teaching Assistant, Centre for Migration Studies, University of Ghana; Theophilus Abutima, PhD candidate, Centre for Migration Studies, University of Ghana; Collins Yeboah, Communications Officer, MOP Project, Centre for Migration Studies, University of Ghana; Godfrey Eloho and Alphonso Woiwor, Research and Operations Managers and Junior Researcher and Administrative Assistant, respectively, Platform for Dialogue and Peace (P4DP) Liberia; Konkobo Bourahima and Lompo Dimitri, PhD students at the University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The authors gratefully acknowledge the review and input provided by colleagues at the International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD), the International Migration Institute (IMI) and the European Commission (EC), who contributed to improving the quality of this report. International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD) Gonzagagasse 1 A-1010 Vienna Austria www.icmpd.org International Centre for Migration Policy Development All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission of the copyright owners. This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of ICMPD, IMI or the University of Oxford, nor can they in any way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. iii Table of Contents Authors ..................................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................................iii Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... iv List of Acronyms ....................................................................................................................................... v Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ vi 1. Introduction, Background and Overview ........................................................................................... 1 1.1. Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 3 1.2. Political Violence in Côte d’Ivoire and the Implications for Migrants ................................... 7 2. Crisis Situation and Long-Term Consequences ............................................................................. 10 2.1. Contextual and Structural Factors ..................................................................................... 10 2.1.1. Migration History, Demography and Human Capital Factors ............................................ 10 2.1.2. Legal Situation and Relevance for Migrant Status ............................................................ 11 2.1.3. Socio-Economic Position of Migrants in Comparison to Host Population ......................... 13 3. Migrant Experiences of and Responses to Crises .......................................................................... 15 3.1. Violent Encounters, Reprisals and Trauma ....................................................................... 15 3.2. Loss of Livelihoods and Possessions ................................................................................ 17 3.3. Processes of Evacuation, Return and Repatriation........................................................... 17 3.4. Resettlement and Reintegration ........................................................................................ 19 3.5. Remigration ....................................................................................................................... 21 4. Institutional Responses ................................................................................................................... 23 4.1. Civil Society ....................................................................................................................... 23 4.2. Intergovernmental Organisations ...................................................................................... 24 4.3. Private Sector .................................................................................................................... 25 4.4. States ................................................................................................................................. 26 5. Policy Learning ............................................................................................................................... 29 5.1. Stakeholders ...................................................................................................................... 29 5.2. Other Relevant Developments .......................................................................................... 30 6. Conclusions and Recommendations .............................................................................................. 32 7. Reference List ................................................................................................................................. 34 iv List of Acronyms AU African Union BIN Bureau of Immigration and Naturalisation CEI Independent Electoral Commission CONAPO General Assembly of the National Council of Population CONASUR Conseil National de Secours d’Urgence et de Réhabilition ECHO European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EU European Union FPI Ivorian Popular Front GoL Government of Liberia ICC International Criminal Court ICMPD International Centre for Migration Policy Development IMI International Migration Institute IOM International Organization for Migration IOs Intergovernmental Organisations LRN Liberia Returnee Network LRRRC Liberia Refugee Repatriation Resettlement Commission MFDP Ministry of Finance and Development Planning MIA Ministry of Internal Affairs MICIC Migrants in Countries in
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