Zoo 2020 29(2): 94-102 Distribution, Characteristic and Behavior of anisoptera Selys, 1879 (: Zygoptera: in East

DISTRIBUTION, CHARACTERISTIC AND BEHAVIOR OF Rhinocypha anisoptera SELYS, 1879 (ODONATA: ZYGOPTERA: CHLOROCYPHIDAE) IN

DISTRIBUSI, KARAKTERISTIK DAN PERILAKU Rhinocypha anisoptera SELYS, 1879 (ODONATA: ZYGOPTERA: CHLOROCYPHIDAE) DI JAWA TIMUR

Muhammad Muhibbuddin Abdillah1 and Pungki Lupiyaningdyah2 1Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya Jl. Jend A. Yani 117, Surabaya, Indonesia, 60237 Email: [email protected] 2Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Gedung Widyasatwaloka, Jl. Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Indonesia, 16911 E-mail: [email protected]

(diterima Oktober 2020, direvisi November 2020, disetujui Desember 2020)

ABSTRAK Rhinocypha anisoptera tersebar di Sumatera dan Jawa. Di Jawa, jenis ini tercatat di Gunung Wilis, Gunung Arjuno, Gunung Welirang, Gunung Kawi, Nongkojajar, Gunung Tengger, Gunung , Kawah Ijen, Baju-Kidul, dan Gunung Kelud. Karena kurangnya keberadaan koleksi spesimen jenis ini dari lokasi-lokasi tersebut, karakteristik dan perilaku khas untuk populasi yang ada di Jawa belum pernah dilaporkan secara rinci. Studi ini melacak kembali keberadaan R. anisoptera pada lokasi-lokasi tersebut di atas yang sebelumnya dilaporkan oleh Lieftinck pada tahun 1934, dengan tambahan informasi keberadaan di Gunung Anjasmoro Karakter pembeda utama R. anisoptera adalah sayap belakang seluruhnya gelap kecuali bagian pangkal sayap dengan warna biru metalik sekitar 4 – 5 % dari luas sayap. Berbeda dengan Chlorocyphidae lainnya, R. anisoptera cenderung lebih sering bertengger pada permukaan daun dibandingkan dahan, ranting pohon, atau batu di pinggir sungai.

Kata kunci: karakteristik, Gunung Anjasmoro, lokasi baru, Rhinocypha anisoptera.

ABSTRACT Rhinocypha anisoptera is distributed in and Java. In Java, this species was previously recorded from Mount Wilis, Mount Arjuno, Mount Welirang, Mount Kawi, Nongkojajar, Mount Tengger, Mount Semeru, Ijen Crater and Baju-kidul, with most recent encounter at Mount Kelud. Despite the vast encounter localities, there was lack of specimens collected to reveal its typical characteristic and behavior. This study confirmed the existence of R. anisoptera at most localities in East Java as reported in 1934 by Lieftinck, with additional new distribution in Mount Anjasmoro. R. anisoptera is typically characterized by dark coloration at the hind wing leaving transparent in the bases with metallic blue-tinged covering 4–5 % area in mid-section of the hindwing. Differ from other Chlorocyphidae, R. anisoptera perch on leaves more frequently compared to perching on twigs and rocks near waterways.

Keywords: characteristic, Mount Anjasmoro, new location, Rhinocypha anisoptera.

INTRODUCTION Jatim 2015). This geographical condition East Java is a large province in Java affects the diversity of flora and fauna Island with total coverage of 47,995 km2. It therein. are among many faunas that harbors diverse geographical conditions, need to be thoroughly explored in this including ocean, volcanic mountains, and province, particularly Odonata ( savanna. Some portions of this province are and ). intended for conservation area in the form of Currently, there have been 176 Odonata protected forest, forest park, national park, species described from Java (Lieftinck 1954, and nature reserve. The protected forests Lupiyaningdyah et al. 2019). Meanwhile, the cover a total of 3,217.75 km2 area (BPS most recent survey in resulted in

94 Zoo Indonesia 2020 29(2): 94-102 Distribution, Characteristic and Behavior of Rhinocypha anisoptera Selys, 1879 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Chlorocyphidae in East Java

88 species recorded (Setiyono 2014). original description of de Sélys-Longchamps Odonata has important roles in the in exception for size and shape. Ris also ecosystem as well as renowned among human. reconfirmed the distinction from its close As adult, they serve as predator to other counterpart, R. heterostigma. smaller insects (Corbet 1962), while being in Lieftinck, in 1934, briefly added its larval stage, they feed on tadpoles information regarding habitat and localities and small fishes. Furthermore, Odonata is of R. anisoptera in East Java which habitat is recognized as a reliable bioindicator for water mountainous forest rocky streams with heavy pollution. Its preferences on specifically clean stones. He recorded it from mountainous habitat makes Odonata vulnerable to forests in East Java, namely Mt. Wilis, Mt. environmental alteration as their ability to Arjuno, Mt. Welirang, Mt. Kawi, Nongkojajar, detect chemical compound by sensitive sensila Mt. Tengger, Mt. Semeru, Ijen Crater and Baju in their antennas (Nugrahani et al. 2014). -kidul. This species was reconfirmed existing Hence, this vulnerability and sensitivity affect in Mt. Ijen after more than 80 years later its population (Klym & Quinn 2003). (Pamungkas 2016). In recent update on its Deforestation and habitat alteration that occur distribution and conservation status, R. in Java have depopulated Odonata, which anisoptera remains in Least Concern (LC) could lead to local extinction of sensitive category of IUCN Red List (Gunther 2019). species. Abdillah (2019) also reported their existence A group of beautiful damselflies that in Mangli Springs at Mount Kelud steeps. commonly known as jewels (Chlorocyphidae) Despite its unpopularity compared to its is also distributed in Java, in which the counterpart R. heterostigma, the specimens of Rhinocypha is also part of it. Two species R. anisoptera were observed sold in recorded in Java are Rhinocypha anisoptera international online markets, such as and R. heterostigma. The first is known to Ebay.com and Bicbugs.com (pers. obs.). distribute more widely rather than the endemic While some descriptive accounts made latter (Baskoro et al. 2018). Rhinocypha for this species, it was still incomplete, due to anisoptera was firstly described by de no detail description for male appendages. Sélys-Longchamps in 1879 based on Sumatran Thus, this study intended to fill this gap of specimens. He stated that R. anisoptera has information, in addition to detail behavior metallic black color with yellowish that previously unknown and to update its longitudinal pattern on thorax. Forewings are distribution in East Java. narrow and hindwings are 7 mm broader, with rounded ends. Krüger, in 1898, further MATERIALS AND METHODS elaborated the details on female characters. Locations Adult female is similar to male with less Observation sites for R. anisoptera were yellow pattern on chepal and thorax. In 1912, some districts in East Java; Blitar, Jombang, Ris concisely described the species based on Kediri, Lumajang, , Mojokerto, and East Java specimens (without locality) from Pasuruan; all of which were based on among Jacobson’s collections and agreed on preliminary surveys conducted in January

95 Zoo Indonesia 2020 29(2): 94-102 Distribution, Characteristic and Behavior of Rhinocypha anisoptera Selys, 1879 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Chlorocyphidae in East Java

Table 1. Study Location. Residence Location Altitude (m) District Anjasmoro Mountain Waterfall 1150 Jombang Kawi Mountain Coban Glotak 1000 Malang Arjuno - Welirang Mountains Kakek Bodo Water- fall 920 Pasuruan Dlundung Water- fall 912 Mojokerto Mount Pundak 1000 Mojokerto Mount Semeru Ireng-ireng 1200 Lumajang Ranu Darungan 850 Lumajang Mount Kelud (Grouped as Dis- Sumber Mangli 780 Kediri tance and altitude similiarity) Sumber Clangap 791 Kediri Dewi Kilisuci 839 Blitar

2018. Some of these locations were conducted in Arjuno–Welirang Mountains, historically reported as R. anisoptera localities Mount Kawi and Mount Semeru. Precisely, (Lieftinck 1934). In addition, new location at Kakek Bodo Waterfall, Dlundung Waterfall Mount Anjasmoro and Mount Kelud was also and Mount Pundak in Arjuno–Welirang surveyed. Mountains, Coban Glotak in Mount Kawi, Lieftinck provided information regard- Ireng-ireng and Ranu Darungan in Mount ing habitat of R. anisoptera which was fast Semeru. We also resurvey Sumber Mangli at flowing streams in forested area at 500–2200 Mount Kelud steeps as reported by Abdillah in m elevation. With this information, the surveys 2019. Furthermore, the surveys were also were focused at some potential locations. As conducted in different new locations which are mentioned by Lieftinck (1934), resurvey was Tretes Waterfall in Mount Anjasmoro and

Figure 1. Recorded locations of Rhinocypha anisoptera. (●) population under average; (●) population above average (average: 7.125 individuals). (Modified from Google Maps, 2020)

96 Zoo Indonesia 2020 29(2): 94-102 Distribution, Characteristic and Behavior of Rhinocypha anisoptera Selys, 1879 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Chlorocyphidae in East Java

Sumber Clangap, Dewi Kilisuci waterspring RESULTS AND DISCUSSION along the slope of Mount Kelud. Distribution The study sites were located at Table 2. Observed population of Rhinocypha different conservation areas. Kakek Bodo anisoptera per site. Amount Location Waterfall, Tretes Waterfall and Mount (individual) Pundak were parts of Raden Soerjo Grand Kakek Bodo 6 waterfall Forest Park within the Arjuno, Welirang- Tretes waterfall 3 Anjasmoro Mountain Range. Coban Glotak, Coban Glotak 5 Dlundung Waterfall, Dewi Kilisuci Water- Mount Pundak 7 spring, Sumber Clangap and Sumber Mangli Ireng-ireng 8 Ranu Darungan 2 are located within protected forest managed Dlundung waterfall 8 by the State Forest Company (Perum Mount Kelud 18 PERHUTANI). Ireng-ireng and Ranu Average 7.12 Darungan are parts of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Parks. Based on the results of observations at several predetermined locations (Table 2), Methodology Mount Kelud was the location with the most The research had been conducted from abundant R. anisoptera with 18 individuals January 2018 to August 2020. It used visual in three sites: Dewi Kilisuci waterspring day flying methods by observing the targeted (3 individuals), Sumber Clangap (2 species during its active time between individuals), and Sumber Mangli (13 (08.00 to 15:00) (Virgiawan et al. 2015). individuals). Overall, the average population R. anisoptera was identified based on of R. anisoptera was 7.12 individuals per description provided in Lieftinck (1934) and site. By referring to this number, Ireng-ireng, photographed specimen from the Museum of Dlundung waterfall and Mount Kelud were Natural History London, United Kingdom above average, while other sites were below (NHUMK 012495619). Individuals were average. The first three sites with above counted and their activities were noted. Three average R. anisoptera population are individual were collected in order to measure protected area, with limited access which its bodily parameters such as total body maintain the dense vegetation and canopy. length and length of hind wings. The Other sites were generally with less measured specimen was inaccessible as vegetation and sparse canopy cover, partially they loss after the measurement. The resulted from more frequent access by morphological terms followed Theischinger human. & Hawking (2006). Kakek Bodo waterfall in Mount During the observation to collect Arjuno, Tretes waterfall in Mount specimen and distribution, we observed Anjasmoro, and Mount Pundak on the slopes and recorded R. anisoptera behaviors in of Mount Welirang are parts of Raden Soerjo four categories: perching/basking, flying/ Forest Park area. The three locations hovering, eating and mating. received intense pressure from human

97 Zoo Indonesia 2020 29(2): 94-102 Distribution, Characteristic and Behavior of Rhinocypha anisoptera Selys, 1879 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Chlorocyphidae in East Java

A B Figure 2. Rhinocypha anisoptera, (A) Male, (B) Female. activities, especially tourism. Tourism and Characteristics other human activities present disturbance to R. anisoptera firstly described by wildlife species, resulting in their avoidance Selys in 1879 from Sumatran specimens. from the source of disturbances. Mount Eleven years later, Krüger (1898) added Pundak is located in the Arjuno-Welirang some descriptions including the female, also mountains which has a forest with from Sumatran collections. The description dense canopy and less human activity. shows that abdomen length: 18.5–21 mm, R. anisoptera at Mount Pundak can be found hind wing: 25–29.5 mm (Krüger 1898; de spread in almost every water springs with Sélys-Longchamps 1879). Ris (1912) is the 7 individual of R. anisoptera. Habitat first who described R. anisoptera based on suitability and least human activity lead the Javan specimens (5 male, 1 female). He population of R. anisoptera found on Mount confirmed that all male description is in line Pundak are reasonably abundant. On the with de Sélys-Longchamps’ descriptions, the contrary, Kakek Bodo waterfall on the slopes hindwing rather larger than Selys depicted. of Mount Arjuno and Tretes waterfall on the Pamungkas (2016) described R. anisoptera slopes of Mount Anjasmoro are tourist from East Java has black eyes and grey on attraction, many tourists visit them and thus the bottom, black abdomen, and wings with influenced the R. anisoptera habitat. With blue-green reflection. We added some details the same type of habitat characteristics but of the male with pictures, but we did not more human activity, they inhabit by success to collect the female, thus we only less individual compare to Mount present brief descriptions, more details refer Pundak. to Krüger (1898). Our survey confirmed the existence of Male: body length 30.2 mm, HW 26.8 R. anisoptera at the localities such as mm, Fig.2A and 3A1-D2. Collected from Mt. Arjuno, Mt. Welirang, Mt. Kawi, Dlundung Waterfall. and Mt. Semeru even after 85 years Head generally black, except lower of no confirmation (Gunther 2019). half of eyes grey, frons, mandibula and Survival of this species in those labrum metallic black (Fig. 3-A1, A2). locations indicated the preservation of Thorax black with narrow yellow stripes on its natural habitat. each sides, prothorax entirely black,

98 Zoo Indonesia 2020 29(2): 94-102 Distribution, Characteristic and Behavior of Rhinocypha anisoptera Selys, 1879 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Chlorocyphidae in East Java

Figure 3. Specimen of Rhinocypha anisoptera (Male), A1. Head (dorsal), A2. Head (frontal), B. Thorax (lateral), C1. Forewing, C2. Hindwing, D1. Anal appendages (dorsal), D2. Anal appendages (lateral). synthorax dorsal black, mesanepisternum spot on each sides, synthorax black, black with narrow yellow stripes elongated antehumeral stripes yellow, mesaepisternum that start from just behind meso- black with 1/3 narrow yellow stripe on katepisternum to 1/3 before metapleural distal, metanepisternum long yellow stripes suture, metepimeron black with ½ narrow from proximal to distal, metepimeron large yellow stripes close to distal (Fig. 3-B); triangle yellow stripe, wings yellow hyaline, Forewing hyaline, pterostigma black and pterostigma pale white; Abdomen black, long, dull yellow hyaline in median (Fig. bigger than male, S1-S3 clear yellow spot on 3-C1). Antenodal crossveins:14 (Fig. 3-C1a), the margin, S4-S10 small and thin yellow postnodal crossveins: 29-30 (Fig. 3-C1b); stripe on the margin, S8-S10 enlarged. Hindwing 1/5 of proximal dull yellow hyaline, 4/5 dark metallic dark with 4–5% Behaviors light blue-green hue of the wing as The intensity of sunlight penetrating the measurement by ImageJ, the width 7 mm canopy affects both dragonflies and broader than forewing (Fig. 3-C2). Abdomen damselflies activities such as hunting and black; Annal appendages: cerci from dorsal mating. However, light intensity is needed to view: twice as long as S10, curved improve their color patterns which attract inward, pointed tip, from lateral view it mating partner (Svensson & Waller 2013). curved downward; paraproct appendage: 1/3 As improved colors, damselflies including shortened than cerci, proximal enlarged half R. anisoptera use light to obtain their prey way then shrink and curved with obtuse tip. visuals (Miller 1995). Female: body length unknown, HW unknown. Fig.2B. Locality: Tretes Perching/basking Waterfall. R. anisoptera was found perching on Head black; Thorax black with more leaves frequently rather than on twigs and yellow stripes than male, prothorax yellow rocks near waterways. The position while

99 Zoo Indonesia 2020 29(2): 94-102 Distribution, Characteristic and Behavior of Rhinocypha anisoptera Selys, 1879 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Chlorocyphidae in East Java

A B B A Figure 4. Perching position of Rhinocypha anisoptera, (A) on a twig, (B) on a leaf. they perch is horizontally on a flat surface fighting and chasing each other with and usually on the middle of the leaf or close E. variegata over rocks, twigs or leaves for to the tip of a twig or tree branch. One of the perch spots along the riparian at Mount plants that are often used as perching spot is Pundak, Ireng-ireng, Ranu Darungan, Coban Elatostema spp. by the river. Perching Glotak, Dlundung Waterfall, and Mount activity occurs when the sun penetrates the Kelud. Another that was caught to canopy and touches the twig, tree branch or fight with R. anisoptera is Vestalis luctuosa rock which gives a bright and warm spot. in Ranu Darungan and Mount Kelud.

Flying/ hovering Eating Male R. anisoptera fly and move from Adult R. anisoptera perches when the one tip of twig to another which is not far, sky is clear to wait for its prey to approach around 3 meters with several perch points if and then catch it. They prey on small disturbed or catch their preys. When other insects that usually fly around the bushes. species approaches, the male R. anisoptera eats their prey while perching. seems disturbed and need to defend their territory. R. anisoptera will fly and fight. But Mating if human approaches, R. anisoptera will fly R. anisoptera is relatively sedentary to further to higher place or to denser maintain territory and contests to attract vegetation nearby. the mating partner. While the female Based on our observations, some approaching, the male will fly and following damselfly species have become competitors the female. The mating process is unknown, in defending the territory of this species. not observed yet. We recorded R. anisoptera together with fenestrata and Euphaea CONCLUSION variegata are often chasing each other over Rhinocypha anisoptera was observed the rocks or around the footbridges at Kakek to exist within the seven study locations in Bodo Waterfall. R. anisoptera were found East Java, namely Kakek Bodo Waterfall,

100 Zoo Indonesia 2020 29(2): 94-102 Distribution, Characteristic and Behavior of Rhinocypha anisoptera Selys, 1879 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Chlorocyphidae in East Java

Tretes Waterfall, Coban Glotak, Mount Diponegoro. Pundak, Ireng-ireng, Ranu Darungan, BPS Jatim. (2015). Jawa Timur dalam Dlundung Waterfall, and Mount Kelud. Angka. Surabaya, Badan Pusat This study added two new localities for Statistika Provinsi Jawa Timur. R. anisoptera in Mount Kelud and Mount Access from https://jatim.bps.go.id/ Anjasmoro. Typical morphological character publication/2015/11/20/daf6abd49602 of R. anisoptera was its hindwing that has c5a477895b94/jawa-timur-dalam-ang metallic dark coloration on the most entire ka-2015.html [10 October 2020] part leaving the wing bases, while 4–5% of Corbet, P. S. (1962). Biology of Odonata. the mid-section of hindwing with metallic Annual review of entomology, 25(1), blue-green pattern. This damselfly prefers to 189-217. perch on leaves frequently rather than on the de Sélys-Longchamps, E. (1879). Quatriemes tip of twig, tree branch or a top of rock, Additions au Synopsis des Calop- while the males show territorially defensive. terygines. Bulletin Academie royale Belgique, Serie 2(47), 349-409. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Günther, A. (2019). Rhinocypha anisoptera. The We would like to thank the extended IUCN Red List of Threatened family of KUTRIK, the entomology study Species 2019: e.T122801676A12280 group, especially to the participants of 2882. Access from https:// “Ekspedisi Lembah Mahameru” in 2019 and dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019- “Ekspedisi Kelud” in 2020 who had helped 3.RLTS.T122801676A122802882.en. in data collection. Special gratitude to M. [05 October 2020]. Azmi Dwi Susanto who assisted in collecting Klym, M., & Quinn, M. A. (2003). Introduction the data. We also thank Frendi Irawan and to Dragonfly and Damselfly Watching. Nanang Kamaluddin from Indonesia Texas: Texas Parks and Wildlife. Dragonfly Society that helps in species Krüger, L. (1898) Die Odonaten von identification. Sumatra. I. Theil. Familie, Agrioniden. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 59, REFERENCES 64-139. Abdillah, M. M., Prakarsa, T. B. P. & Lieftinck, M. A. (1934). An annotated list of Tyastirin, E. (2019). Odonata Diversity the Odonata of Java, with notes at Sumber Clangap and Sumber on their distribution, Habits and Mangli Puncu Village Sub District of Life-History. Treubia, 14(4), 377-462. Puncu District of Kediri. Jurnal Lieftinck MA. (1954). Handlist of Malaysian Biodjati, 4(2), 236-243. Odonata. A catalogue of the dragon- Baskoro, K., Irawan, F., & Kamaludin, N. flies of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, (2018). Odonata Semarang Raya: Java, and Borneo, including the ad- Atlas Biodiversitas Capung di jacent small islands. Treubia, 22 Kawasan Semarang Raya. Semarang: (Suppl.), xxiv+202pp, 1 folded map Departemen Biologi, Universitas excl.

101 Zoo Indonesia 2020 29(2): 94-102 Distribution, Characteristic and Behavior of Rhinocypha anisoptera Selys, 1879 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Chlorocyphidae in East Java

Lupiyaningdyah P., Kamaludin N., Diniarsih Setiyono, J. (2014). Javan Odonata Survey. S., & Irawan F. (2019). [Daftar Jenis Agrion, 18(2), 32-33. Capung Indonesia] [Unpublished raw Svensson, E. I., & Waller, J. T. (2013). data]. Pusat Penelitian Biologi LIPI Ecology and sexual selection: evolution of and Indonesian Dragonfly Society. wing pigmentation in calopterygid Miller, P.L. (1995). Dragonflies. Oxford: The damselflies in relation to latitude, Queen’s College. sexual dimorphism, and speciation. Nugrahani, M. P., Nazar, L., Makitan, T. & The American Naturalist, 182(5), E174 Setiyono, J. (2014). Peluit Tanda -E195. Bahaya : Capung Indikator Lingkungan Theischinger, G., & Hawking, J. (2006). The Panduan Penilaian Kualitas Lingkungan complete field guide to dragonflies Melalui Capung. Yogyakarta: Indonesian of Australia. Collingwood: CSIRO Dragonflies Society. Publishing. Pamungkas, B. C. (2016). UNTRING: Virgiawan, C. (2015). Studi Keanekaragaman Dragonflies of . Yogyakarta: Capung (Odonata) Sebagai Bioindikator Indonesian Dragonfly Society. Kualitas Air Sungai Brantas Batu- Ris, F. 1912. Über Odonaten von Java und Malang dan Sumber Belajar Biologi. Krakatau gesammelt von Edward JPBI (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Jacobson. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, Indonesia), 1(2). 55: 157–183.

102