Economic Condition in south India during Chalukyas and Pallavas (Agriculture Trade and Commerce, Taxation)

5.1 Do you know

Description Image Source “Most significant change in aspects of agriculture during the Pallava period was that the forest lands became Inscriptions form main source cultivable lands. From the king’s title of the period and they are ‘kadu-vettikal’, literally means ‘one who Mamandur found engraved on stone, felled forests, we understand that the Inscription of pillars and copper plates Pallava kings cleared the forest for the Pallava king purpose of cultivation”. Mahendra Varman I

“Land donated to charitable institutions Chalukya inscriptions and was exempted from taxes. There are few plates give vivid picture on references to direction mention of taxes Inscription the economic aspects and dues in the Chalukya inscriptions.” found at Meguti temple dated 634 A.D.

5.2 Timeline

Timelines Image Description

Establishment of the Pallava of Kanchi by 550-60 CE Simhavarman

566 CE Chalukya emblem Establishment of Badami Chalukya of Aihole- Vishnu in Varaha form. A 6th century stone emblem.

590-629 CE Period of the Pallava ruler Mahendravarman I

543/4-66 CE Period of the Chalukya king Pulakesin I

534 CE Hyderabad copper plate grant of Pulakesin II

609/10-42 Period of Chalukya king Pulakesin II

Pulakesin II 733-34 CE Vikramaditya II succeeded a Chalukya ruler

870-912 CE Period of Kampavarman, the last ruler of the Pallavas

5.3 Glossary

Staring Related Term Definition Character Term A Astadasapariharas Eighteen kinds of professional taxes dandam

B Brahmadeya Land or village given as gift to Brahmins agrahara

D Devadana Donated land to the Hindu temple madappuram E Eri-variyam A village committee to supervise and pon-variyam maintain tank, well and canals G Gadyana A gold coin during the Badami Chalukyas varaha

I Ilamputchi Tax levied on Toddy-tappers tattukkanam K Kannalakkanam Payment of money to the king on the occasion attukkanam of marriage P Pallichandam Land donated to the Jain temple brahmapuram

P Puravupon Tax in money on cultivable lands kadamai

T Tataka Tank or eri (lake) vaykkal

U Upanidhi A deposit in the treasury uparikara

5.4 Web links

Web links https://en.wikipedia.org.wiki/chalukya_dynasty www.historytuition.net/Indian History/Dynasty/Chalukyas https://ithihas.wordpress.ccom/trade-and commerce- in ancient India https://www.gktoday.in/chalukyas-of-badami www.tamilnadu.ind.in/tamilnadu_history/pallava/economic life in pallava.php www.important india.com/549/badami-Chalukya-dynasty https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade guilds of South India https://iasmania.com/chalukya_pallava-pandya www.history discussion.net/History/Indian History/Pallavas of Kanchi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badami_Chalukyas_Architecture https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/pallava-dynasty

5.5 Bibliography

Bibliography

Brajadulal Chattopadhyaya, Coins and Currency Systems in South India, New Delhi, 1977.

Burton Stein, Peasant State and Society in Medieval South India, Delhi, 1980. Chapakalakshmi. R, Trade, Ideology and Urbanization: South India, 300 B.C. to A.D 1200, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1996. Chopra. P.N., Ravindran.T.K, Subrahmanian.N, History of South India (Ancient, Medieval and Modern), Part 1. New Delhi, 2003. Gopalan. R., History of the Pallavas of Kanchi, Madras, 1928.

Jeyaseela Stephen. S., (ed.), The Land, Peasantry and Peasant Life in India: New Direction and Renewed Debates, New Delhi, 2008. Mahalingam. T.V, Inscriptions of the Pallavas, Delhi, 1988.

Meera Abraham, Two Medieval Merchant Guilds of South India, New Delhi, 1988.

Minakshi. C., Administration and Social Life under the Pallavas, University of Madras, 1977.

Nilakanta Sastri. K.A., A History of South India, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, Madras, 1975. Nilakanta Sastri. K.A., Foreign Notice of south India: From Megasthenes to Ma Huan, University of Madras, 1939. Noboru Karashima, A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2014.

Ramesh. K.V., Chalukyas of Vatapi, Delhi, 1984.

Subramanian. T.N, (ed.), Thirty Pallava Copper Plates, 1966.

Subramanian. T.N, The Pallava of Kanchi in South East Asia, 1967. Suryanath Kamath. U, A Concise History of : from Pre-historic times to the Present, Bangalore, 2001. Vijaya Ramasamy, Textiles and Weavers in Medieval South India, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1985. Yazdani. G., (ed.), Early History of the Deccan, Oxford, 1960.